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A partir del analisis de los distintos servicios mutuales: a) Seleccionar prestaciones y redactar el Objeto Social de una mutual. Asociación Mutual de egresados de la Universidad de Buenos Aires OBJETO SOCIAL La mutual de Egresados de la Universidad de buenos Aires es una organización sin ánimo de lucro y su objeto social es fomentar el apoyo y vínculo social entre los egresados de la UBA prestando diferentes servicios sociales con eficiencia, seriedad y compromiso contribuyendo al bienestar de nuestros asociados. NUESTROS SERVICIOS: Sus fines y objetivos serán los siguientes: a) Fomentar la ayuda recíproca entre sus miembros para satisfacer sus necesidades; b) Prestar servicios funerarios; c) Otorgar subsidios por nacimiento, casamiento, fallecimiento o cualquier otro evento que se determine; d) Otorgar préstamos a sus afiliados y un beneficio que estimule la capacidad ahorrativa de los mismos; e) Proporcionar servicio de asistencia médica integral, farmacéutica, de proveeduría, turismo, culturales y otros compatibles con el desarrollo físico y espiritual de los asociados; f) Establecer un fondo compensatorio para la jubilación; g) Proveer de vivienda a los socios, ya sea adquiriéndola, construyendo o haciéndola construir, pudiendo entregarla en uso, o en propiedad, según lo establezca en cada caso la reglamentación; h) Otorgar becas a los alumnos hijos de socios, que cursan estudios en establecimientos primarios y secundarios o que quieran ingresar a la Universdad. b)Tipificar categorias de socios e indicar el alcance de cada uno. Toda persona que deseare ingresar en calidad de asociado deberá hallarse en cuadrado en las condiciones determinadas por este Estatuto para cada una de las distintas categorías sociales reconocidas, y cumplir los requisitos que establezca la reglamentación respectiva. El Consejo Directivo podrá aceptar o rechazar la solicitud de ingreso sin estar obligado, en este último caso, a expresar las causas de su resolución. Esta será inapelable, y el aspirante solo podrá insistir en su solicitud una vez transcurridos tres meses de notificado su rechazo. Categorías de socios. ACTIVOS: Serán los mayores de 21 años que abonen las cuotas establecidas por la Asamblea, cumplan todos los requisitos exigidos por los estatutos sociales y se hayan recibido de la Facultad de Ciencias Economicas de la UBA. Tendran derecho a todos los servicios y tienen derecho a integrar y elegir los órganos directivos previstos en estos Estatutos. PARTICIPANTES: Serán el padre, madre, cónyuge, hijas solteras, y hermanas solteras de un asociado activo, como así también los menores de 21 años. Los participantes gozan de todos los servicios sociales, pero no tienen derecho a participar en las Asambleas ni a ser elegidos para ocupar los cargos directivos que determina este Estatuto. ADHERENTES: Serán todas aquellas personas mayores de 21 años y personas jurídicas que tuvieran interés en pertenecer a la entidad, siempre que no se hallaren comprendidas en alguna de las categorías enumeradas precedentemente. Los adherentes gozarán de los servicios reconocidos por los reglamentos, careciendo del derecho de elegir y de ser elegidos para ocupar los cargos determinados en este Estatuto. HONORARIOS: Serán todos aquellos que en atención a determinadas condiciones personales, o por donaciones efectuadas a la entidad o porque contribuyeron con las cuotas sociales establecidas, recibirán los beneficios acordados en los reglamentos. En caso que satisfacieren cuotas mensuales cuyo monto no sea inferior a la de los socios activos, gozarán de los mismos derechos. La designación de socio honorario la hará la Asamblea a propuesta fundada del Consejo Directivo o de treinta socios con derecho a voto. Clase: 29.09.2011 Particularidaddes normativas de: Mutuales de ayuda Economica Mutuales de servicios de Salud. Clase 13.10.2011 Realizar un esquema comparativo de similitudes y aspectos dferenciales de: Mutuales; Asociaciones Civiles y Fundaciones (normativos y de funcionamiento) Clase 27.10.2011 Seleccionar una entidad de larga trayectoria (mutual - asociacion civil e fundacion) e investigar sobre sus origenes, prestaciones, evolucion y crecimiento, financiamiento, situacion actual y proyeccion. Clase 10.11.2011 Considera necesario introducir modificaciones o actualizar la normatuva actualmente vigente para Mutuales, Asociacion civiles y Fundaciones? Clase 24.11.2011 Efectuar el analisis conceptual del encuadre en la Economia Social de las entidades en el Modulo.

we are going to ibiza to have a good time

in this page i will incorporate the names of my classmates into the countries and cites of europe Albertia (Albania and Albert) Hugary (Hu and Hungary) Patricugal (Patricia and Portrugal) Megaco (Megan and Monaco) Samovenia (Sam and Slovenia) Mikedonia (Mike and Macedonia) Subia (Su and Serbia) Tomkey (Tom and Turkey) [[Space:Names incorporated in European Countries and Cities|vnguyen@winchendon.org]]

Informacion sobre el tema de te

Here are open questions about our family. Please edit this text, upload unidentified pictures, add your questions to the bulletin board, post fuzzy memories you want to clear up, etc. [[Category:Family Mysteries]]

=== '''Nombre del equipo : Químicos de calidad''' === Alba Díaz Sandra Liliana 09091136 Díaz figueroa Estela 09091145 Galindo Abarca Joselyn 09091149 Sampedro Caballero César XX no me lo se ''' === Practica de las 5´s === ''' Objetivo: Llevar a la practica la filosofia japonesa con el metodo de calidad de las 5 s. '''DESCRIPCION DEL LUGAR''' '''lUGAR''' : Una cocina LA cocina es uno de los lugares dentro le hogar donde se debe tener mas orden y limpieza aun mas si a ella tienen acceso mas de una persona. Estructura Fisica de la cocina : Un espacio aproximado de 3.5 metros cuadrados, con buena iluminación, cuenta con una ventana parcialmente sucia. '''CONDICIONES EN QUE FUE ENCONTRADA''' Desordenada y sucia === ''' DEFINICIÓN DE LAS 5 S ''' === Es una practica de calidad ideada en Japón referida al "mantenimiento integral" de la empresa. Es na tecnica que se aplica en todo el mundo con exelentes resultados por su sencillez y efectividad. Su aplicación mejora los niveles de:Calidad, Eliminación de tiempos muertos, Reduccion de costos '''Las 5 S Y su aplicación''' '''Seiri:''' Clasificación y descarte Separar las cosas necesarias de las innecesarias '''Seiton:''' Organización Cada cosa debe tener su lugar único, y exclusivo lugar donde deben encontrarse antes de su uso. '''Seisou:''' Limpieza El lugar siempre debe estar limpio '''Seiketsu:''' Higiene y visualizacion La higiene es el mantenimiento de la limpieza, del orden. '''Shitsuke:''' Diciplina y compromiso Tener volutad de hacer las cosas

Some images and information about Weigelsdorf, from where many of my ancestors came. Weigelsdorf is now Ostroszowice, Poland. Latitude, 50.6333, Longitude, 16.6333

Here is a page for organizing our family reunion. Please edit this text with more details and reunion updates. Add memories from past reunions below. Use the bulletin board to the right to ask questions and coordinate with each other. [[Category:Family Reunions]]

'''Relevant internet links''' '''My family tree on the internet''' is at http://homepage.mac.com/johnno77/Personal6.html '''Site about ships to Australia''' http://homepage.mac.com/graememoad/Family/Ships/leontine.htm - - ''Leontine'' is the ship on which [[Haberecht-7|Johann Carl Gottlob Haberecht]] and family arrived in South Australia on 1st August 1848. '''Orphan Photo sites''' - for help identifying those old photos in the cupboard with people in them you don't know: http://www.honoringourancestors.com/orphanphotos.html

Welcome! This is a page for organizing our family reunion in 2012. We will be including updates as decisions are made including the date, location, lodging and travel information, arrangements for food, etc. I'm so excited about getting everyone together again for this way overdue reunion! Love, Kim Ross Christensen

What a great trip its been

It's time for the third bi-annual Baugh Family Reunion! We're getting an early start on the organization this year.

=== Ne-Do-Ba is a Maine Nonprofit 501(c)3 Incorporation === Our focus is on the Native American History & Genealogy of Northeastern North America. We have a website that has been offering information and assistance since 1997 which is currently located at [http://www.nedoba.org] In 2011 we introduced our research journal blog [http://www.nedoba.blogspot.com] where we post our research on specific families of interest. Today we are taking the next step by creating a WikiTree to go along with our blog postings.

this site is for people who loved the lighting thief sirese and for any one who wants to join are welcome tothe lovers of the seirese must use aprpreat languege on my site or i will kick you off this page is a tribute to the books

We are working on collecting DNA from all male members of Sample families. Have you done a DNA test with FamilyTreeDNA or one of the other genealogy-related DNA testing companies? So far, we have made definitive connections between two different lines, going back at least as far as [[Sample-5|Grandfather Sample]]. His [http://www.wikitree.com/genealogy/Sample-Family-Tree-5 family tree], however, is currently a dead-end. We hope that this project will generate a break-through. The lines all seem to originate in Southwest Scotland. We are using this page to collect and organize ourselves. The benefit of doing it at WikiTree is that we can easily connect this page to what we know (through conventional genealogical research) about our families, and give individual permissions using WikiTree's [[Trusted List]] system and thereby carefully control access for privacy. [[Category:DNA Projects]] [[Category:Examples]]

Sappho is the family dog of Jan & Niké and Kyra and Maya. Sappho is a very friendly female Irish Setter. She joins us on every holiday. Hopefully she stays with us in good health for a long time. Her dog-god is Jan....

[[Category:Family Mysteries]]

The oldest Catholic church on the mainland of Australia in continuous and exclusive operation as a church. Built to the design of Father John Therry. Foundation laid in December 1837 by Bishop Polding. Main structure completed in 1841. Officially opened on 8th October 1843 by Archbishop John Bede Polding. Dedicated to St Bede founder of the Benedictine order.

We are stymied at finding out what happened to our maternal grandmother Josephine May Johnson. Josephine was born to Edward Johnson and Isabella Cushing in Liverpool in 1883. She accompanied Isabella and her siblings to Karachi, India when Edward took the position of Harbor Pilot for the port of Karachi. The family lived in Manora, at the end of the land spit that protects the Karachi harbor. Our grandfather Frederick Edward Piggott was assigned to the Royal Garrison Artillery, and was stationed in Manora in 1902, when he married Josephine. They lived in several locations in England, India and Hong Kong. Around 1912 Josephine "disappeared". The family lore was that she found a lover and ran off to Canada. We have found no record of a divorce or death in England around this time period, and we have found no record of her on a voyage to Canada. She has simply disappeared. [[Category:Family Mysteries]]

Hand-written extract from a genealogical table handed down from 19th century

Mum and Dad moved into this house [http://g.co/maps/rx44y] on 31st December 1953 about 5 months after Christine was born. The six children grew up here until we moved into 16 Eldercroft around the corner [http://g.co/maps/x3w6c] in June 1968. All but Rob lived here until June 1970 when Dad took a two year contract with Shell to help commission the first Polypropylene plant in Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.

Telesforo Valentin Archuleta Telesforo Simon Archuleta Ricardo Archuleta Toribio Archuleta Antonio Aban Archuleta 1805 Manuel Antonio Archuleta These are my ancesters. I cant find the parents of Manuel Antonio, but I think that his grandfather was fransisco Archuleta, but I can't find a connection. Can any one help e?

People who want any amount of HOPs from me.

Descendants of William Reed book, indexed. Photos may be copied and inserted where appropriate. Compiled by Dolores Christophel D'Errico.

My male Maltese dog Boo Bush Temuryan was born in Nevada. USA on July 31, 2007.

pagina de prueba

Mafanda a une double signification. Premièrement, Mafanda est une danse facile à exhiber. Tout le monde son rythme. Mafanda signifie aussi un palmier. Le palmier est un arbre très riche en huile, en sel, en boisson et en balai. Mon grand père qui a vécu entre 1911-1955 portait ce nom. Ma mère qui l'a vu me disait qu'il aimait danser pour faire rire les autres. Mais il était aussi un homme plein de talents: un bon forgeron, un bon chasseur, un bon cultivateur et un bon tisseur des nattes. C'est à lui que je dédie cet arbre généalogique.

=== PRACTICA DE LAS 5 S DE LA CALIDAD === === OBJETIVOS === '''Conocer y aplicar la filosofia de las 5 s de la calidad.''' === MARCO TEORICO === '''Es una práctica de Calidad ideada en Japón referida al “Mantenimiento Integral” de la empresa, no sólo de maquinaria, equipo e infraestructura sino del mantenimiento del entorno de trabajo por parte de todos JAPONES Seiri Seiton Seis Seiketsu Shitsuke CASTELLANO Clasificación y Descarte Organización Limpieza Higiene y Visualización Disciplina y Compromiso La 1° S: Seiri (Clasificación y Descarte) Significa separar las cosas necesarias y las que no la son manteniendo las cosas necesarias en un lugar conveniente y en un lugar adecuado SEITON (Organización) La 2da S La organización es el estudio de la eficacia. Es una cuestión de cuan rápido uno puede conseguir lo que necesita, y cuan rápido puede devolverla a su sitio nuevo. Cada cosa debe tener un único, y exclusivo lugar donde debe encontrarse antes de su uso, y después de utilizarlo debe volver a él. Todo debe estar disponible y próximo en el lugar de uso. SEISO (Limpieza) : La 3° S La limpieza la debemos hacer todos. Es importante que cada uno tenga asignada una pequeña zona de su lugar de trabajo que deberá tener siempre limpia bajo su responsabilidad. No debe haber ninguna parte de la empresa sin asignar. Si las persona no asumen este compromiso la limpieza nunca será real. SEIKETSU (Higiene y Visualización). La 4° S Esta S envuelve ambos significados: Higiene y visualización. La higiene es el mantenimiento de la Limpieza, del orden. Quien exige y hace calidad cuida mucho la apariencia. En un ambiente Limpio siempre habrá seguridad. Quien no cuida bien de sí mismo no puede hacer o vender productos o servicios de Calidad. SHITSUKE (Compromiso y Disciplina) : la 5° S Disciplina no significa que habrá unas personas pendientes de nosotros preparados para castigarnos cuando lo consideren oportuno. Disciplina quiere decir voluntad de hacer las cosas como se supone se deben hacer. Es el deseo de crear un entorno de trabajo en base de buenos hábitos. Su aplicación mejora los niveles de: 1.Calidad. 2.Eliminación de Tiempos Muertos. 3.Reducción de Costos. ''' === METODOLOGIA === '''1.-Esta actividad se llevo acabo en el cuarto de una compañera ubicado en Zacatepec Morelos. 2.-Se llevo acabo el dia 22 de septiembre a las 12:00 am. 3.-Para la aplicacion de cada una de las 5 s se tomaron fotos del lugar antes y despues de dicha apliacion de las 5 s.''' === RESULTADOS === '''Los resultados obtenidos se captaron en fotografias mostradas en esta pagina, cada una de estas trae la descripcion de lo que se hizo con el lugar y la explicacion de cada una de la aplicacion de las s.l''' === CONCLUSIONES === '''La filosofia de las 5 s no solo es aplicable a las empresas sino tambien a los lugares en los cuales nos desembolvemos a diario y con dicha aplicacion obtenemos una mayor productividad en las cosas que haces a diario, se mostro que reduce los tiempos muertos y que aumenta la calidad en cada ocsa que hacemos ya que, por ejemplo perdemos menos tiempo al realizar algun trabajo si contamos con todo el material a la mano sin la necesidad de estarlo buscando por falta de orden.'''

ITZ calidad === ''' Nombre del equipo: QUÍMICOS DE CALIDAD ''' === Alba Díaz Sandra Liliana 09091135 Díaz Figueroa Estela 09091145 Galindo Abarca Joselyn 09091149 Sampedro Caballero César 09091167 === '''PRACTICA DE LAS 5 S''' === '''Objetivo:''' Llevar a la practica la filosofía japonesa con el método de calidad de las 5 s. '''DESCRIPCION DEL LUGAR''' '''lUGAR :''' Una cocina La cocina es uno de los lugares dentro le hogar donde se debe tener mas orden y limpieza aun mas si a ella tienen acceso mas de una persona. '''Estructura Fisica de la cocina :''' Un espacio aproximado de 3.5 metros cuadrados, con buena iluminación, cuenta con una ventana parcialmente sucia. '''CONDICIONES EN QUE FUE ENCONTRADA''' Desordenada y sucia === '''DEFINICIÓN DE LAS 5 S''' === Es una practica de calidad ideada en Japón referida al "mantenimiento integral" de la empresa. Es una técnica que se aplica en todo el mundo con excelentes resultados por su sencillez y efectividad. Su aplicación mejora los niveles de: Calidad, Eliminación de tiempos muertos, Reducción de costos === LAS 5 S Y SU APLICACIÓN === '''Seiri:''' ''Clasificación y descarte Separar las cosas necesarias de las innecesarias'' En este punto decimos primero recoger toda la basura que estaba en el suelo, ya que definitivamente todo eso eran objetos innecesarios. También observamos algunas de las verduras que había en un sartén ya que algunos se encontraban en mal estado. '''Seiton:''' ''Organización Cada cosa debe tener su lugar único, y exclusivo lugar donde deben encontrarse antes de su uso.'' En este punto lo que hicimos fue retirar los trastes que estaban regados en la tarja, así como también retirar una silla que estaba casi a la mitad de la cocina y que solo estaba estorbando '''Seisou:''' '' Limpieza El lugar siempre debe estar limpio'' Una cocina siempre debe encontrarse limpia, así que la barrimos, trapeamos, se lavaron todos los trastes que había sucios y por supuesto también la barra fue perfectamente limpiada. '''Seiketsu:''' '' Higiene y visualización La higiene es el mantenimiento de la limpieza, del orden.'' Ya seleccionados y perfectamente limpios los trastes, este punto nos llevo a tener que acomodarlos en el lugar que deben ir y no regados por toda la cocina, también el bote de basura se puso en su lugar. '''Shitsuke:''' '' Disciplina y compromiso Tener voluntad de hacer las cosas'' Como ya lo mencionamos anteriormente la cocina siempre debe permanecer limpia y no solo por uno o dos días, y pues para promover este habito, se nos ocurrió poner un cartel para fomentar la limpieza y orden en esa área . === '''FOTOS''' === Las fotos tomadas durante la realización de esta practica se adjuntan en esta wiki === '''OPINIONES''' === En opinión si esto se implementara en una fonda o un restauran creo que nos llevaría a dar una mejor vista del lugar y dar un servicio de calidad. También creo que nos genera evitos de disciplina en los cuales no se ocuparían no solo en una práctica, si no que si lo llevamos a nuestra vida diaria podríamos tener un mejor nivel de vida. === '''CONCLUCIONES''' == El uso de las 5 S nos da un mejoramiento en nuestra área de trabajo en este caso en la cocina ya que permanece limpia y con un orden en el cual se nos facilitará encontrar las cosas teniendo una clasificación y orden, y nos da una mejor apariencia de nuestra cocina al tener limpieza y disciplina.

Link to [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Owens_(merchant) John Owens] who I thought might have a tenous family link ;-) John Owens bequeathed money for the foundation of a college Owens College, Manchester, opened 1851, now part of the University of Manchester RLO 2011 10 10

This link [http://g.co/maps/m6dsr Google map] shows approximate directions from Woodville, Templemore to Kiltillane, Templemore. Where Denis Walsh and his family lived according to the [http://www.census.nationalarchives.ie/pages/1911/Tipperary/Templemore_Urban/Woodville/827564/ 1911]and [http://www.census.nationalarchives.ie/pages/1901/Tipperary/Templemore/Kiltillane/1714695/ 1901 ]Irish Census data at the [http://www.census.nationalarchives.ie/ National Arcives IE]

John Owens son of Owen Owens from Flintshire

Apparently a young Walsh married into Queen Elizabeths lineage ;-) maybe Found this paragraph: "As a footnote, there is one more element of the royal ancestry which may be of interest. Two of the Queen’s maternal four times great-grandparents were George Carpenter of Hertfordshire and Mary Elizabeth Walsh, who married in 1779. According to no less an authority than Anthony Wagner, Garter King of Arms, Mary Elizabeth Walsh was the 18 year old daughter of a London plumber (possibly called John) who had come to do some repair work for George Carpenter, and though he himself was more than 60, he obviously hit it off with the young girl. While the surname Walsh also arose in England (where the forms Welch and Welsh are much more common), it is particularly associated with Ireland, so that we are left with the intriguing possibility that Queen Elizabeth has at least a few Hibernian commoners in her family tree!" at: [http://blog.eogn.com/eastmans_online_genealogy/2011/05/queen-elizabeth-iis-irish-ancestors.html#more Eastmans Online Genealogy Newsletter] and and searching for Walsh.

Please post on this profile photographs with unknown people or places for other people to comment on. [[Category:Family Mysteries]]

Coffee Creek was a center of life for Fred Murray and many of his friends and family in the early 1900's. "Hap" Murray, his son and my father, was born and lived there until he was twelve and the family headed west again.

This church appears to be where '''Robert Lloyd Owen''' and '''Doris Bradley''' married on the 12th June 1926 at [http://www.lan-opc.org.uk/Salford/Weaste/stowell/index.html Stowell Memorial Church], New Eccles Road, Salford. Source: [https://familysearch.org/pal:/MM9.1.2/1L58-CB4/p5 LDS Familysearch]

Served in the American revolution Private Class 8th/6th Company/2nd Battalion Northampton County Milita as of May 14, 1778 {PA Archives Series 5 Volume 8.pp.113-114}.

My Grandmother was florence furlong.Her step sister was louisa may gaffney. Currently searching for any living relatives who remembers them. My mother & her sister were both born out of wedlock & were adopted & raised by louisa & her husband James Robson.

This is a list of links to site found on the internet that contain information about (A) the name Walsh, (B) places where the Walshes have lived (A)The Name Walsh (B)Information about places where our Walshes have lived Templemore Civic Parish: [http://www.irelandgenweb.com/~irltip/CivilParishes/TemplemoreCP.htm Irelandgenweb.com] added October 24, 2011 by [[Owen-551]]

I am looking for information on the marriage between James Furlong & Emily Elizabeth Fodder.I believe they are my great grandparents.

Researching family history for my dad.

Pictures of the public house [http://www.wampit.co.uk/listingimages/thumbs/10710197.jpg ] [http://flic.kr/p/8SMc4C] Where Rob [[Owen-513]] was born and spent the first years of his life. Some of our Aunties and Mum and Dad worked here at various times for Joseph (Mums Dad) Walsh and Doris Owen (Dads Mum) nee Bradley who married Joseph Walsh in 1942 two years after Robert L. Owen (our Grandfather who we never knew) died in 1940.

I grew up in Wauwatosa, in a house on Oakhill Ave with my parents, my older sister and three younger brothers. Nancy was 6 years my senior, John a year younger than I and Jim and Paul six years younger. I went to Lincoln elementary school and walked to school along 76th street where the lady a block away used to come out and yell at us for popping the flower buds on her hostas. Jim was bashful as a young boy and cried and cried every day at school. I would walk him and Paul to kindergarten and then would be late to my class because Jim wouldn't stop crying. We spent summers at the cottage at Green Lake with my mom, mostly. Dad would come on weekends, and sometimes in the afternoon if he had no cases at Milwaukee Childrens' Hospital. We had a very fortunate childhood, being allowed to swim, waterski and sail whenever we wanted. When I was in 6th grade John died of a brainstem tumor. He had been sick for a few weeks, with headaches and nausea, double vision. He had gotten sick at the end of summer at Green Lake, and did not last long in Tosa. Nancy had just left for her first year at Beloit College.

'''Alternative transliterations/spellings:''' * Russian: ''Shargorod, Sharigrod'' * Ukrainian: ''Sharhorod, Sharigrod'' * Polish: ''Szargorod, Szarogrod'' * Hebrew: ''Sargorog'' '''Location:''' Shargorod is located at 48.45 N latitude and 28.05 E longitude, about 40 miles southwest of Vinnitsa (''Vinnytsia''), in what now is the Ukraine. It sits roughly 800 feet above sea level, but is quite hilly with elevation changes of 250 feet in all directions within 1.5 miles of the town's center. The Eastern Carpathian ([[Wikipedia:Rodna_Mountains |Rodna]]) mountains begin rising about 125 miles to the southwest and reach 7500 feet 175 miles away (Pietrosul and Ineu peaks). '''Geopolitical History:''' Shargorod was part of the Russian Empire during the childhood of [[Goliger-14|Bernard]] and [[Goliger-3|Edward Goliger]]. It was acquired by Russia in 1793 as a result of the [[Wikipedia:Second_Partition_of_Poland | Second Partition of Poland]], becoming part of Russia's [[Wikipedia:Pale_of_Settlement |Pale of Settlement]]. Here's how that happened: Around 1570 Poland and Lithuania formed a union ([[Wikipedia:Polish-Lithuanian_Commonwealth |Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth]]) that was politically ahead of its time, featuring relative religious tolerance and a parliament (of nobles) that elected their monarch. However, it began to weaken after roughly 75 years, and 125 years later it was torn into pieces, in three stages from 1772-1795, by its powerful neighbors Prussia, Austria, and Russia as they tried to maintain a balance of power. ([[Wikipedia:Partitions_of_Poland |See the Three Partitions of Poland-Lithuania]]). The second partitioning occurred during George Washington's presidency, the French Revolution, and soon after the Commonwealth's May 1791 Constitution enfranchised the bourgeoisie, organized it's government into three separate branches, and scared monarchists like Catherine the Great with the possibility that a democratic tide had swept from America, thru France, to their door step in Poland. As a consequence, Shargorod became part of the Russian Empire, and remained therein until the empire collapsed after the two Russian Revolutions of 1917. Thereafter, Shargorod was part of various incarnations of the Ukraine. Here are relevant historical maps arranged from the broadest to narrowest: *[http://www.yivoencyclopedia.org/popups/viewmedia.aspx?id=1748 Russian Empire, ca. 1914] *[http://www.yivoencyclopedia.org/popups/viewmedia.aspx?id=1737 Pale of Settlement, ca. 1855] *[http://www.yivoencyclopedia.org/popups/viewmedia.aspx?id=1701 Final Partition of Poland, ca. 1795] *[http://www.yivoencyclopedia.org/popups/viewmedia.aspx?id=1723 Region around Shargorod, ca. 1914] Following the history of the Jews and their fellow citizens in Shargorod, Podolia, Poland, Russia, the Ukraine, not to mention Austro-Hungary, is particularly difficult because the same land repeatedly changed hands, cultures, languages, laws, dominant religions, and political jurisdictions over the course of the last millenia (and before). Focusing for the time being on the last factor, it is helpful to understand Russia and other Slavic states have had similar names for their many regional and local political units. These units have undergone fairly regular redefinition, promotion and demotion, as well as increases in their numbers, as territories have changed hands or been found problematic. Very generally speaking, a ''krai, guberniya,'' or an ''oblast'' represented a higher level political unit, and an ''uyezd'' or ''raion'' represented a lower level, with an ''okrug'' falling in between. However, a ''krai'' often comprised a few ''guberniyas'' or ''oblasts'' which, in turn, might comprise a few ''okrugs;'' and an ''uyezd'' might contain several ''volosts.'' [[Wikipedia:History_of_the_administrative_division_of_Russia |See the Administrative Divisions of Russia]] and [[Wikipedia:Administrative_divisions_of_the_Ukrainian_SSR |the Ukraine]], as well as [http://www.rtrfoundation.org/admindist.shtml Miriam Wiener's list]. In any case, in 1708, Peter the Great reorganized Russia's ''uyezds'' (larger districts) and ''volosts'' (smaller rural districts) into eight ''guberniyas'' (governorates/provinces). Over the years nearly 90 ''guberniyas'' were created in Tsarist Russia. One of them, in the far southwest of the Russian Empire, was named [[Wikipedia:Podolia_Governorate | Podolia]] and was about twice the size of New Jersey. Shargorod generally was located within the Mogilev or Vinnitsia ''uyezd'' of the Podolia ''guberniya'' from the Second Partition of Poland (1793), thru the Russian Revolutions, and across several incarnations of communist Ukraine (1917-25). [http://kinshipsresearch.com/u_podolia.html] [http://data.jewishgen.org/wconnect/wc.dll?jg~jgsys~community~-1053493] Currently, it is the center of Shargorodski ''raion'' in the Ukrainian ''oblast'' Vinnytsia. Note before the Second Partion of Poland, Shargorod was in the the Polish province/voivodeship also named [[Wikipedia:Podolian_Voivodeship |Podolia]], which at that time already had existed for roughly four centuries. Podolia itself has been partioned and traded between Poland, Austro-Hungary, Russia, the Ukraine, and others. ([[Wikipedia:Podolia |See the historical region of Podolia]]). '''History of Jews in the Ukraine:''' The ''U.S. Commission for the Preservation of America's Heritage Abroad'' [http://www.heritageabroad.gov/] was created in 1985 because: "The destruction, desecration, and deterioration of properties under the Nazis persisted under subsequent Communist regimes. Additionally, Cold War tensions hindered access by Americans who wanted to ensure preservation of the sites." The Commission's duties are to: "(1) identify and report on cemeteries, monuments, and historic buildings in Eastern and Central Europe that are associated with the heritage of U.S. citizens, particularly endangered properties, (2) obtain, in cooperation with the Dept. of State, assurances from the governments of the region that the properties will be protected and preserved, ... (3) seek the preservation of similar types of properties, including related archival material." [http://www.heritageabroad.gov/Portals/0/Home%20PDFs/LawPL99-83.pdf] [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/U.S._Commission_for_the_Preservation_of_America%27s_Heritage_Abroad] For five years, starting in late 1994, more than one dozen individuals who were part of the Jewish Preservation Committee of Ukraine (JPCU) visited hundreds of Jewish sites thru-out the Ukraine in order to catalog their location and condition. In 2005 they published their findings for the U.S. Commission as ''Jewish Cemeteries, Synagogues, and Mass Grave Sites in Ukraine''. [http://www.heritageabroad.gov/Portals/0/documents/reports/survey_ukraine_2005.pdf] Pages 13-16 of that report serve as the basis for the following history of Jews in what currently is Ukrainian territory: Jews lived along the Ukrainian coast of the Black Sea in Greek and Roman times, from the 1st thru 4th centuries, and have probably lived elsewhere in the territory of Ukraine continuously since the 10th century. They played a significant role in the 12th century [[Wikipedia:Khazar_Khaganate |Khazar Khaganate]] centered on the Crimea. At the same time, Jews entered the territory of Ukraine from western Europe in the wake of the expansion of the Teutonic Knights and other Christian forces. Jews also migrated to Ukraine from the east due to persecution by Russian and Byzantine Orthodox clergy. In both cases they tended to relocate to cities in the western portion of the country. By 1447, a Jewish community was established in Sambir, and soon afterward Jews settled in Uzhgorod, which became a Jewish religious center. Predominantly Jewish towns ([http://www.yivoencyclopedia.org/article.aspx/Shtetl shtetls]) also began to appear on Ukrainian territory in the 15th century when portions of the territory was controlled by Poland and the Polish aristocracy encouraged Jews to settle there. By the end of the 16th century, there were about 45,000 Jews in the regions now constituting Ukraine. The most active period of migration to western Ukraine was in the 16th and 17th centuries when the region still was under Polish rule. The Polish nobility invited Jews to help manage their estates and, in the process, Jews began to develop as a middle class situated between the "foreign" nobles and local serfs. This engendered resentment that, when coupled with pro-Christian sentiment, eventually spawned a series of pogroms, one of whose destructiveness (Khmelnytsky) was second only to the Holocaust. Nevertheless, by the 17th century, Jews began to regularly settle in eastern Ukraine, as well. By the mid-19th century, almost 600,000 Jews lived in the parts of modern Ukraine under Russian rule. Many more lived in the sections which then were part of Austro-Hungary (namely today's Zakarpatska, Lvivska, Ivano-Frankivska, and Ternopilska ''oblasts''). In 1791, Empress Catherine II initiated the creation of the Jewish Pale – the territory where "Russian" Jews were allowed to settle and pursue a range of economic activities. However, starting in 1817, Jews within the Pale generally were forced to live in shtetls. This was particularly true in the western ''guberniyas'' of Galicia, Volhynia, and Podolia. In addition, Jews were prohibited from settling in the northeast region of Ukrainian Russia called Slobozhanshina ("free lands"). ([[Wikipedia:Historical_regions_of_Ukraine |See the historical regions of Ukraine]]). At roughly the same time an organized, official attempt to settle Jews as farmers in the south and southeastern portions of Ukrainian Russia produced successful [[Wikipedia:Jewish_agricultural_colonies_in_the_Russian_Empire | Jewish agricultural colonies]] (''koloniya''), particularly in the Kherson ''guberniya'' just north of Crimea. Jews also were allowed to live in big towns such as Kiev, Kharkov, and Odessa, if they met certain financial and social qualifications. Thus, despite restrictions, during most of the 19th century Jews played a prominent role in the development of agriculture, commerce and industry within Ukrainian Russia, and especially in the growth of its major cities. Much of this changed after the 1881 assassination of Tsar Alexander II. The [[Wikipedia:May_Laws | "May Laws"]] implemented in 1882 generally forbade Jews from purchasing farm land, restricted educational opportunities, and relocated Jews from Russia's great cities to Pale towns with populations greater than 10,000. By the beginning of the 20th century, Jews lived in almost every town in Ukrainian Russia, with the largest population located in the western and southwestern areas. More than one-third of all Jews in western and central Ukraine lived in towns or shtetls where they formed an absolute majority. They also constituted one-third of the total urban population of what now is the Ukraine. The brutal pogroms of 1881-82, triggerd by the assassination of Tsar Alexander II, were carried out mostly in Ukrainian Russia. These atrocities and economic hardship stimulated substantial Jewish emigration from the region to the United States and other countries. In 1903, there was a particularly brutal pogrom in Kishinev (now Chisinau, the capital of Moldova), 125 miles south of Shargorod, followed by more pogroms in 1905-06. As a result, the most intense emigration to the U.S. took place after 1903. The Russian Revolution and the Civil War of 1918-21 brought the greatest violence against Jews in the Ukraine since the Khmelnytsky (Chmielnicki) pogroms in the 17th century. Estimates put the Jewish death count at 35,000, with over 100,000 left homeless. This is the period when [[Goliger-16|Joe Goliger]] was sent back to retrieve his mother, two youngest brothers, and others. '''Brief History of Jews in Shargorod (and Podolia):''' ''Jewish Cemeteries, Synagogues, and Mass Grave Sites in Ukraine'' lists three Jewish cemeteries in Shargorod in various states of repair: *Survey No. UA01250'''101''': This cemetery is located directly off the Muravskoe highway after the bridge on the outskirts of town. More than 5000 Hasidic and Sephardic Orthodox Jews were buried there from 1590-1970. The cemetery was vandalized during WWII, but less than 25% of the head stones are toppled or broken (as of 10/23/1994). *Survey No. UA01250'''102''': This cemetery is located on Lenina Street. Less than 500 Hasidic Jews were buried there from the 17th and into the 19th century. It has been vandalized frequently over the last ten years with 25-50% of the head stones toppled or broken (as of 7/24/1995). *Survey No. UA01250'''103''': This cemetery is located after the bridge on the outskirts of town. It was established in 1958 and has less than 500 stones, but none have been toppled or broken. It currently is in use (as of 7/24/1995). In September 2011 [[Goliger-27|Mindy Kearns]] gave [[Adler-1|Bob Adler]] printed copies of the three surveys, which she received from [[Goliger-22|Ramona Goliger]] in 2001. [http://www.iajgsjewishcemeteryproject.org/ukraine/shargorod.html] They indicate a Jewish community has existed in Shargorod since the 16th century, and has suffered thru the following major events: * massive [[Wikipedia:Khmelnytsky_Uprising |Khmelnytsky pogrom]] (1648-49) * Ottoman sacking of town (1672) * [[Wikipedia:Koliyivshchyna | Koliyivshchyna progroms]] (1768-72) * Holocaust (1941-45) Fortunately, Shargorod managed to escape the pogroms triggerd by the 1881 assasination of Tsar Alexander II, as well as the pogroms from 1903-06. The surveys also found the following (Hasidically) noteworthy Jews (Tzadikim) lived (or were buried) in Shargorod: * Naphtaly Herz * Jacob Joseph * (Rabbi) Lopata Olter * Shonic Avrum (lived and buried in UA01250102) * Shlema Shmulevich (buried in UA01250102) * Gersh Leybovich (buried in UA01250102) Note Shargorod is a little more than 50 miles southeast of Medzhybizh, Ukraine, home of Baal Shem Tov (Israel Ben Eliezer) and Hasidic Judaism. Clearly Shargorod had a significant Jewish community by 1600 that, after 1750, included plenty of Hasidim. A very solid, ("fortress") synagogue still exists in Shargorod. Structurally it follows the "bimah-support" design, so-called because the columns or piers surrounding the bimah bay actually help support the ceiling vault. This sort of masonry synagogue became widespread in central Europe during the 17th and 18th centuries, and the Shargorod synagogue is perhaps the earliest extant example of this type in present-day Ukraine, probably being built in 1589. [http://picasaweb.google.com/Jewkraine/Synagogues#]. In 1765 the Jewish community in Shargorod numbered 2,210, then the largest in Podolia. It rose to 3,570 in 1847, and 3,859 (73% of the total) in 1897. In 1926 the community numbered 2,697 (55.9% of the total), 1,664 (74.6%) in 1939, and 2,971 in 1943. Today Shargorod has a population of ~8000 people with very few Jews. Most left in the 1990s after the Ukraine gained its independence from the Soviet Union. [http://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jsource/judaica/ejud_0002_0018_0_18225.html] [http://data.jewishgen.org/wconnect/wc.dll?jg~jgsys~community~-1053493] [http://www.ushmm.org/research/center/publications/occasional/2005-08/paper.pdf] [http://wikimapia.org/1746001/Shargorod] [http://www.traveljournals.net/explore/ukraine/map/m1563784/shargorod.html] The 1897 (Russian) census found Jews accounted for ~12.3% (370,000) of Podolia's population of 3.02 million, and ~46% (102,000) of Podolia's urban population of 222,000. That means ~9.6% ((370-102)/(3019-222)) of Podolia's rural population was Jewish. At that time there were almost 90 synagogues and over 400 shuls in the governate. The primary language of Podolia's total population was 81% Ukrainian, 12% Yiddish, 3% Russian, and 2% Polish. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Podolia_Governorate] '''Wanna know a little more...''' ...about the history of Jews in Shargorod? [http://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jsource/judaica/ejud_0002_0018_0_18225.html] ...about the history of Jews in Podolia? [http://www.jewishgen.org/ukraine/towns-gubernias/podolia/podolia-home.htm] [http://www.jewishgen.org/ukraine/towns-gubernias/podolia/podolia-history.htm] [http://www.iajgsjewishcemeteryproject.org/ukraine/podolia-guberniya.html] ...about the history of Jews in the Ukraine and/or Poland? [http://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jsource/vjw/ukraine.html] [http://www.encyclopediaofukraine.com/pages/J/E/Jews.htm] [http://www.yivoencyclopedia.org/article.aspx/Ukraine] [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Ukraine] [http://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jsource/vjw/Poland.html] [http://www.yivoencyclopedia.org/article.aspx/Poland] [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polish_Jews] ...about the Pale of Settlement? [http://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jsource/History/pale.html] [http://www.friends-partners.org/partners/beyond-the-pale/index.html] [http://www.yivoencyclopedia.org/article.aspx/Pale_of_Settlement] For a lot more information see Miriam Weiner's 1999 book ''Jewish Roots in Ukraine and Moldova: Pages from the Past and Archival Inventories.'' [http://www.rtrfoundation.org/] Also see Charles Hoffman's 2002 book ''Red Shtetl. The Survival of a Jewish Town under Soviet Communism.'' Check the following if you'd like to know more about the Holocaust in Vinnytsia ''oblast'' where Shargorod is located: [http://www.rtrfoundation.org/webart/UK-arch-d2.pdf] And remember you can see photos of Shargorod by searching Google Images, [http://www.google.com/search?tbm=isch&hl=en&source=hp&biw=1024&bih=627&q=Shargorod&gbv=2&oq=Shargorod&aq=f&aqi=g1g-S3&aql=&gs_sm=e&gs_upl=1984l4187l0l5968l9l9l0l2l2l0l359l1406l0.5.0.2l7l0] or on Google Earth (make sure the Photo option is checked under Layers>PrimaryDatabase). P.S. By 1821 Tsar Alexander I ordered Jews to take surnames. These, as a rule, originated from the names of places where Jews lived (Vinnitsky from Vinnytsia, etc.) or from their occupation--e.g. Masnik (butcher).

VENKATAPPA MARAPPANAPALYA KUMARASWAMY AND SUDHARANI SRIRANGAPATTANA RAMAKRISHNA FAMILY TREE

Alternative transliterations/spellings: * Ukrainian: ''Uzhhorod'' * Hungarian: ''Ungvar, Hungvar, Unguyvar, Ongvar'' * Slovak, Russian: ''Uzhgorod'' * Polish: ''Ujgorod'' * Yiddish: ''Ungver, Ingver'' * German: ''Ungwar'' '''Location:''' Uzhhorod is located at 48.62 N latitude and 22.3 E longitude in the the northeast corner of the Hungarian Plain, on the river Uzh/Ung that splits the city into old and new halves. The Eastern Carpathian mountains arise immediately to the northwest, north, northeast and east. The river valley sits roughly 400 feet above sea level, but there are 3000 foot peaks 10 miles to the north and northeast. Uzhgorod's 2004 population was 111,300, and currently is approx 117,000. *[[Wikipedia:Uzhgorod |Uzhgorod]] *[[Wikipedia:Uzhhorod_Raion |Uzhgorod Raion]] *[[Wikipedia:Zakarpattia_Oblast |Zakarpattia Oblast]] *[[Wikipedia:Ung_County |Ung County (Megye)]] Uzhgorod also lies within the historical region known as [[Wikipedia:Carpathian_Ruthenia |Carpathian Ruthenia]], or Sub-Carpathia (Kárpátalja) from the Hungarian perspective, or Trans-Carpathia (Zakarpattia) from the Ukranian/Russian perspective. Transcarpathia rests on the southern slopes of the Eastern Carpathian Mountains, bordered to the east by the Tisza River, and to the west by the Hornád and Poprad Rivers, and makes up part of the Pannonian Plain. ([[Wikipedia:Divisions_of_the_Carpathians |Also see Divisions of the Carpathian Mountains.]]) '''Geopolitical History:''' Uzhgorod was part of the Austro-Hungarian Empire during the childhood of the Greenstein sisters, became part of Czechoslovakia when it was created shortly after WWI, and currently lies on the far western edge of the Ukraine, a few miles from Slovakia. It never was part of Russia's Pale of Settlement. Here's how that happened: ... [http://www.shtetlinks.jewishgen.org/Uzhhorod/ History of Jews in Uzhgorod] [[Wikipedia:History_of_the_Jews_in_Carpathian_Ruthenia |History of Jews in Carpathian Ruthenia]] VVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVV VVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVV '''Geopolitical History:''' Shargorod was part of the Russian Empire during the childhood of Bernard and Edward Goliger. It was acquired by Russia in 1793 as a result of the Second Partition of Poland, becoming part of Russia's Pale of Settlement. Here's how that happened: Uzhhorod is located in Uzhhorodskyi Raion, Zakarpatska Oblast. For much of it's history it has been within Ung Megye (county). The city gets its name from the small Uzh/Ung River, which divides the city into two halves (the old and new sections). Uzh (Уж) means ringed snake (Natrix natrix), and horod (город) is Rusyn for city. The small Ung/Uzh river runs thru Ungvar/Uzhgorod, from whence the name (H)ungary. [[Wikipedia:Administrative_divisions_of_the_Ukrainian_SSR |See the Administrative Divisions of the Ukraine]], [http://www.rtrfoundation.org/admindist.shtml Miriam Wiener's list], and the fourth paragraph in the description of [[Space:Shargorod | Shargorod]]. '''History of Jews in the Ukraine:''' The ''U.S. Commission for the Preservation of America's Heritage Abroad'' [http://www.heritageabroad.gov/] was created in 1985 because: "The destruction, desecration, and deterioration of properties under the Nazis persisted under subsequent Communist regimes. Additionally, Cold War tensions hindered access by Americans who wanted to ensure preservation of the sites." The Commission's duties are to: "(1) identify and report on cemeteries, monuments, and historic buildings in Eastern and Central Europe that are associated with the heritage of U.S. citizens, particularly endangered properties, (2) obtain, in cooperation with the Dept. of State, assurances from the governments of the region that the properties will be protected and preserved, ... (3) seek the preservation of similar types of properties, including related archival material." [http://www.heritageabroad.gov/Portals/0/Home%20PDFs/LawPL99-83.pdf] [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/U.S._Commission_for_the_Preservation_of_America%27s_Heritage_Abroad] For five years, starting in late 1994, more than one dozen individuals who were part of the Jewish Preservation Committee of Ukraine (JPCU) visited hundreds of Jewish sites thru-out the Ukraine in order to catalog their location and condition. In 2005 they published their findings for the U.S. Commission as ''Jewish Cemeteries, Synagogues, and Mass Grave Sites in Ukraine''. [http://www.heritageabroad.gov/Portals/0/documents/reports/survey_ukraine_2005.pdf] Pages 13-16 of that report serve as the basis for the following history of Jews in what currently is Ukrainian territory: Jews lived along the Ukrainian coast of the Black Sea in Greek and Roman times, from the 1st thru 4th centuries, and have probably lived elsewhere in the territory of Ukraine continuously since the 10th century. They played a significant role in the 12th century Khazar Khaganate centered on the Crimea. At the same time, Jews entered the territory of Ukraine from western Europe in the wake of the expansion of the Teutonic Knights and other Christian forces. Jews also migrated to Ukraine from the east due to persecution by Russian and Byzantine Orthodox clergy. In both cases they tended to relocate to cities in the western portion of the country. By 1447, a Jewish community was established in Sambir, and soon afterward Jews settled in Uzhgorod, which became a Jewish religious center. Predominantly Jewish towns (shtetls) also began to appear on Ukrainian territory in the 15th century when the Polish aristocracy encouraged Jews to settle there. By the end of the 16th century, there were about 45,000 Jews in the regions now constituting Ukraine. The most active period of migration to western Ukraine was in the 16th and 17th centuries when the region still was under Polish rule. The Polish nobility invited Jews to help manage their estates and, in the process, Jews began to develop as a middle class situated between the "foreign" nobles and local serfs. This engendered resentment that, when coupled with pro-Christian sentiment, eventually spawned a series of pogroms. Nevertheless, by the 17th century, Jews began to regularly settle in eastern Ukraine, as well. By the mid-19th century, almost 600,000 Jews lived in the parts of modern Ukraine under Russian rule. Many more lived in the sections which then were part of Austro-Hungary (namely today's Zakarpatska, Lviv, Ivano-Frankivska, and Ternopilska ''oblasts''). In 1791, Empress Catherine II initiated the creation of the Jewish Pale – the territory where Jews were allowed to settle and pursue a range of economic activities. However, starting in 1817, Jews within the Pale generally were forced to live in shtetls. This was particularly true in the ''guberniyas'' of Galicia, Volhynia, and Podolia. In addition, Jews were prohibited from settling in the northeast region of Ukrainian Russia called Slobozhanshina ("free lands"). ([[Wikipedia:Historical_regions_of_Ukraine |See the historical regions of Ukraine]]). At roughly the same time an organized, official attempt to settle Jews as farmers in the south and southeastern portions of Ukrainian Russia produced successful [[Wikipedia:Jewish_agricultural_colonies_in_the_Russian_Empire | Jewish agricultural colonies]] (''koloniya''), particularly in the Kherson ''guberniya'' just north of Crimea. Jews also were allowed to live in big towns such as Kiev, Kharkov, and Odessa, if they met certain financial and social qualifications. Thus, despite restrictions, during most of the 19th century Jews played a prominent role in the development of agriculture, commerce and industry within Ukrainian Russia, and especially in the growth of its major cities. Much of this changed after the 1881 assassination of Tsar Alexander II. The [[Wikipedia:May_Laws | "May Laws"]] implemented in 1882 generally forbade Jews from purchasing farm land, restricted educational opportunities, and relocated Jews from Russia's great cities to Pale towns with populations greater than 10,000. By the beginning of the 20th century, Jews lived in almost every town in Ukrainian Russia, with the largest population located in the western and southwestern areas. More than one-third of all Jews in western and central Ukraine lived in towns or shtetls where they formed an absolute majority. They also constituted one-third of the total urban population of what now is the Ukraine. The brutal pogroms of 1881-82, triggerd by the assassination of Tsar Alexander II, were carried out mostly in Ukrainian Russia. These atrocities and economic hardship stimulated substantial Jewish emigration from the region to the United States and other countries. In 1903, there was a particularly brutal pogrom in Kishinev (now Chisinau, the capital of Moldova), 125 miles south of Shargorod, followed by more pogroms in 1905-06. As a result, the most intense emigration to the U.S. took place after 1903. The Russian Revolution and the Civil War of 1918-21 brought the greatest violence against Jews in the Ukraine since the Chmielnicki (Khmelnytsky) pogroms in the 17th century. Estimates put the Jewish death count at 35,000, with over 100,000 left homeless. This is the period when [[Goliger-16|Joe Goliger]] was sent back to retrieve his mother, two youngest brothers, and others. '''Brief History of Jews in Shargorod (and Podolia):''' ''Jewish Cemeteries, Synagogues, and Mass Grave Sites in Ukraine'' lists three Jewish cemeteries in Shargorod in various states of repair: *Survey No. UA01250'''101''': This cemetery is located directly off the Muravskoe highway after the bridge on the outskirts of town. More than 5000 Hasidic and Sephardic Orthodox Jews were buried there from 1590-1970. The cemetery was vandalized during WWII, but less than 25% of the head stones are toppled or broken (as of 10/23/1994). *Survey No. UA01250'''102''': This cemetery is located on Lenina Street. Less than 500 Hasidic Jews were buried there from the 17th and into the 19th century. It has been vandalized frequently over the last ten years with 25-50% of the head stones toppled or broken (as of 7/24/1995). *Survey No. UA01250'''103''': This cemetery is located after the bridge on the outskirts of town. It was established in 1958 and has less than 500 stones, but none have been toppled or broken. It currently is in use (as of 7/24/1995). In September 2011 [[Goliger-27|Mindy Kearns]] gave [[Adler-1|Bob Adler]] printed copies of the three surveys, which she received from [[Goliger-22|Ramona Goliger]] in 2001. [http://www.iajgsjewishcemeteryproject.org/ukraine/shargorod.html] They indicate a Jewish community has existed in Shargorod since the 16th century, and has suffered thru the following major events: * massive [[Wikipedia:Khmelnytsky_Uprising |Khmelnytsky pogrom]] (1648-49) * Ottoman sacking of town (1672) * [[Wikipedia:Koliyivshchyna | Koliyivshchyna progroms]] (1768-72) * Holocaust (1941-45) Fortunately, Shargorod managed to escape the pogroms triggerd by the 1881 assasination of Tsar Alexander II, as well as the pogroms from 1903-06. The surveys also found the following (Hasidically) noteworthy Jews (Tzadikim) lived (or were buried) in Shargorod: * Naphtaly Herz * Jacob Joseph * (Rabbi) Lopata Olter * Shonic Avrum (lived and buried in UA01250102) * Shlema Shmulevich (buried in UA01250102) * Gersh Leybovich (buried in UA01250102) Note Shargorod is a little more than 50 miles southeast of Medzhybizh, Ukraine, home of Baal Shem Tov (Israel Ben Eliezer) and Hasidic Judaism. Clearly Shargorod had a significant Jewish community by 1600 that, after 1750, included plenty of Hasidim. A very solid, ("fortress") synagogue still exists in Shargorod. Structurally it follows the "bimah-support" design, so-called because the surrounding columns or piers of the bimah bay actually help support the ceiling vault. This sort of masonry synagogue became widespread in central Europe during the 17th and 18th centuries, and the Shargorod synagogue is perhaps the earliest extant example of this type in present-day Ukraine, probably being built in 1589. [http://picasaweb.google.com/Jewkraine/Synagogues#]. In 1765 the Jewish community in Shargorod numbered 2,210, then the largest in Podolia. It rose to 3,570 in 1847, and 3,859 (73% of the total) in 1897. In 1926 the community numbered 2,697 (55.9% of the total), 1,664 (74.6%) in 1939, and 2,971 in 1943. Today Shargorod has a population of ~8000 people with very few Jews. Most left in the 1990s after the Ukraine gained its independence from the Soviet Union. [http://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jsource/judaica/ejud_0002_0018_0_18225.html] [http://data.jewishgen.org/wconnect/wc.dll?jg~jgsys~community~-1053493] [http://www.ushmm.org/research/center/publications/occasional/2005-08/paper.pdf] [http://wikimapia.org/1746001/Shargorod] [http://www.traveljournals.net/explore/ukraine/map/m1563784/shargorod.html] The 1897 (Russian) census found Jews accounted for ~12.3% (370,000) of Podolia's population of 3.02 million, and ~46% (102,000) of Podolia's urban population of 222,000. That means ~9.6% ((370-102)/(3019-222)) of Podolia's rural population was Jewish. At that time there were almost 90 synagogues and over 400 shuls in the governate. The primary language of Podolia's total population was 81% Ukrainian, 12% Yiddish, 3% Russian, and 2% Polish. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Podolia_Governorate] '''Wanna know a little more...''' ...about the history of Jews in Uzhgorod? [http://www.yivoencyclopedia.org/article.aspx/Uzhhorod] [http://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jsource/judaica/ejud_0002_0018_0_18225.html] ...about the history of Jews in Podolia? [http://www.jewishgen.org/ukraine/towns-gubernias/podolia/podolia-home.htm] [http://www.jewishgen.org/ukraine/towns-gubernias/podolia/podolia-history.htm] [http://www.iajgsjewishcemeteryproject.org/ukraine/podolia-guberniya.html] ...about the history of Jews in Poland and/or the Ukraine? [http://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jsource/vjw/Poland.html] [http://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jsource/vjw/ukraine.html] [http://www.encyclopediaofukraine.com/pages/J/E/Jews.htm] ...about the Pale of Settlement? [http://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jsource/History/pale.html] [http://www.friends-partners.org/partners/beyond-the-pale/index.html] For a lot more information see Miriam Weiner's 1999 book ''Jewish Roots in Ukraine and Moldova: Pages from the Past and Archival Inventories.'' [http://www.rtrfoundation.org/] Also see Charles Hoffman's 2002 book ''Red Shtetl. The Survival of a Jewish Town under Soviet Communism.'' Check the following if you'd like to know more about the Holocaust in Vinnytsia ''oblast'' where Shargorod is located: [http://www.rtrfoundation.org/webart/UK-arch-d2.pdf] And remember you can see photos of Shargorod by searching Google Images, [http://www.google.com/search?tbm=isch&hl=en&source=hp&biw=1024&bih=627&q=Shargorod&gbv=2&oq=Shargorod&aq=f&aqi=g1g-S3&aql=&gs_sm=e&gs_upl=1984l4187l0l5968l9l9l0l2l2l0l359l1406l0.5.0.2l7l0] or on Google Earth (make sure the Photo option is checked under Layers>PrimaryDatabase). P.S. By 1821 Tsar Alexander I ordered Jews to take surnames. These, as a rule, originated from the names of places where Jews lived (Vinnitsky from Vinnytsia, etc.) or from their occupation--e.g. Masnik (butcher).

History of the farm by Joseph Clark, III (http://www.windsoftolland.com) Contact Inkoming@netzero.net A BRIEF HISTORY OF TOLLAND, MASSACHUSETTS. TOLLAND WAS INCORPORATED IN 1810 ALONG WITH SEVERAL OTHER WESTERN MASSACHUSETTS TOWNS. IT WAS FORMED FROM THE WEST PARISH OF THE TOWN OF GRANVILLE, MASSACHUESTTS WHICH WAS FIRST SETTLED IN 1728 , INCORPORATED AS A DISTRICT IN 1754 AND AS A TOWN IN 1777. TOLLANDS POPULATION IN 1810 WAS RELIABLY, 695 PERSONS, THE HIGHEST IN THE TOWNS HISTORY. THE 2005 POPULATION OF 419 IN THE HIGHEST SINCE. THE HIGHEST TOWN IN HAMPDEN COUNTY, (BUT FIRST BEING IN HAMPSHIRE COUNTY)TOLLAND BORDERS FOUR COUNTIES, TWO IN CONNECTICUT AND TWO IN MASSACHUETTS, AND IS THE HIGHEST POINT IN MASSACHUSETTS ONE HUNDRED MILES FROM THE COAST AND TEN MILES EITHER SIDE OF THE BORDER OF THE TWO STATES. Agriculture was of course the only occupation of consequense in Tolland the first 100 years of its official existance. Even so, the harshness of the weather and the rockyness of the soil limited agriculture for many years after its settling to allow for time to clear the land. Before that it was mostly pasture in between the outcrops of ledge and the surface boulders. Making stonewalls was the towns main pastime. Tollands geography was unkind to any endeavor including manufacturing which was basically non existant. It did not have streams large enough to float a log or enough volumn to operate water wheels year round. Its elevation made transportation terrible for 100 plus years, the steep mountains between the town and the closest village of importance stymied commerce. The only exception being those mills along the Farmington River more than 1000 feet below the average elevation of the town. Colonial law, especially that under control of the British, limited formation any new towns to those with established churches, the Congregational Church being the law of the land in the Bay Colony. Without a church and a minister no new towns would be considered by the Great and General Court in Boston. Tollands church was establish in the then west parish, or West Granville in 1795 with the hiring of the Rev. Roger Harrison as its first pastor in 1798. the town was apporved for its charter in 1810. The church was for 150 years the main insitution in the town but it also suffered from poor attendance and dropping membership to the point where it had to share ministers with other churches in the area. From 1810 to 1963 the town steadily lost population, dropping 590 persons form its official roles during that time. Farming gradually deminished in town even by the 20th century and the town fell to decay and partial ruin with abandoned farms and buildings falling in everywhere. The people went elsewhere when land particularly to the west was uncovered and details about rockless fields already cleared and winters that were not as long. By 1900 outside interest and outside money began to find its way into the forlorn community with barely enough money in its treasury to cut the brush from encroaching on the roadsides. By that time two private fish and game clubs and presrves with a large New York City membership had formed in town prividing willing buyers for strapped farms and bringing a large portion of the abandoned community under taxable entities. One of those organizations, the Tunxis Club, is till in existance today. Apple growing was revived when the newly formed Chapin apple farm introduced modern horticulture methods to the community, the remants still visible today. Electricty made its appearence in town in 1935 but the telephone, a "gift from heaven " for the towns isolated houswives, came along the dusty roads to the lonely farmhouses that remained, in 1914. From 1822 to 1917 the Harrison tavern, first started by Rev. Roger Harrison, was the anchor business in Tolland Center, the only real village part of the town during that era. He also opertaed a boarding house and was postmaster in Tolland until his death in 1853. The Harrison tavern, post office and Inn remained in his family , being passed on to his son, his sons wife and their daughter until 1917 when the last Harrison moved from town. There were from time to time other stores in the center including one for logging products but none that lasted. Following the demise of the Harrison establishment a store was opened by Eugene Moore just east of the center and the post office moved there. It eventually burned down in 1938 and for a few years was relocated back at the old Harrison house until the store and post office, now being run by Orville Moore moved into its own premises again in 1940. In 1944 the Tolland post office closed for good but the store remained open. Along with farming, logging, sawmilling, first by water wheel then by steam engine, then in the 20th century, trucking and construction emrged as Tollands main industry. Farming ended as a dairy persuit in 1969 and by 1994, the last two full time working farms of any sort ended operation. Now, beginning in the 1950s, more and more people sought employment out of town and far away except for those who were involved in logging and trucking. Meanwhile the population continued its downward spiral until 1963, when the Wildwood housing development began in town. Around lonely Cranberry pond a massive vacation development started in Tolland before disbelieving eyes and soon construction in this pre zoning, pre regulation days began seriously. Suddenly small vacation homes on tiny lots around the newly re-dammed Cranberry Pond filled the town with excitmenet...and money, and people. A number of smaller vacation developments started and ended as well during the 1970s starting a boom in land sales, and in town beauracracy. The population began to rise as more people moved in, slowly bringing the count to 150, then 200, then 250 and on upward. Today the lingering effects of upwardly mobile land prices waxing and waning in town from one month to another has reinforced the fact that construction and associated home building and services have entirely replaced farming and other agricutural persuits as the towns leading industry. Today Tolland is dealing with increased taxes,crime and all the other pressures of rural life. Transportation is still an issue as so many if not all people in town who work, drive many miles over roads that have not changed all that much in the last 30 years. Meanwhile the town has no store, no school, (part of the Southwick-Tolland school region) no telephone (Sandisfield)...and no post office (Granville.) Breakdown of property ownership gleaned from old deeds. 1697 Bedford Plantation founded (later Granville) 1728 Nathanial Dwight surveys Bedford Plantation. 1756 Thomas Clapp, President of Yale Univeristy (then Yale College)buys southern portion of Jon Elliots surveyed share of Bedford Plantation, about 500 acres which goes on to form main part of modern Clark farm. 1765 Clapps relatives inherit his property 1781 Pitkin family, Clapps relatives and descendants, trades the 500 acres to Perez Marshall of Simsbury for land he owned there. 1817 Property is deeded to son Samual Marshall 1832 Samual Marshalls son Lester is primary owner. 1886 The Marshall family ownership ends and sells to Xavier Toupense 1928 John C Winn, a neighbor buys Toupense farm. 1935 Joseph Clark,(1909-1989) buys Winns farm. 1981 Joseph and Dorothy Clark form deed with son Joseph III who goes on to own property. 2005 Majority of this property transferred to a private trust. The Marshall-Toupense farm is located on Burt Hill Road in Tolland, Massachusetts, USA. This is a much investigated property, literally hundreds of deeds and documents including family records and diaries have been examined over the years building a mountain of information about the ancient farm and its owners. There are still many gaps in this field of inquiery, massive gaps in fact especially in the Toupense era, (1886-1928). Attempts to contact scattered family members have ben largely unsuccessful but improving as of late. Included in this site is a general account of who lived here and when and about the progression of activities in this, the last steady working farm in Tolland from the "old era".This is also a site being gradually developed.

When my grandma Wallace was left a widow with 6 children in the very early 20th century, so I'm told, made lunches for the foremen from the shipyards( a full, large, hot main meal) and also took in boarders. The boarders slept in the front room, grandma and the 4 oldest, in the hole-in-the-wall bed in the main room, and mum and Uncle John, slept on the padded floor of the hall closet. One of the boarders was Andrew Kirkpatrick. I think I remember that Andrew "was married from" grandma's home. His wife had been to University - which was considered "way above our station in life." She was tall, with aquiline features - very elegant - and I think my mother was slightly in awe of her. Andrew was a hard-working, fun-loving, enterprising man. And loved visiting our home. The K's bought a bungalow (fancy word,then) on Great Western Road, in Drumchapel. At the start of WWII,what was called "the phoney war," Mother, Jenny, Jeanette, me, and 3-yr-old Sandra were evacuated to the Lanark home of the Murrays who were Jenny Ks parents. Andrew moved in with Dad and Campbell. The men visited us on the week-ends. This arrangement didn't last too long, and mum, Jeanette and I returned to Glasgow. Jeanett and I were shortly thereafter, sent to Buchlivie,in Stirlingshire, on evacuation.

Custer, Michigan, has been the family seat of the Reader family for over 100 years. It is the location of the W.E. Reader home, and was the location of the [[Space:W._E._Reader_Hardware_Store|W. E. Reader Hardware store]].

Our Carin-Terrier/Poodle hybrid. [[Saufley-3|Mike Saufley]] [[Walton-625|Alice Saufley]]

== Rancho Punto de Pinos == === History === === Diseno === The [http://content.cdlib.org/ark:/13030/hb058001wq/ diseño for the Rancho Punto de Pinos] shows the approximate location of the "Casa Armenta", or "Armenta's House" near the general location of Lover's Point. === Geographic Features === According to Donald Clark's "Montery County Place Names", José María Armenta was the original grantee of the Rancho Punto de Pinos, on May 24th, 1833. The triangular rancho included all land north of a line drawn from Point Aulones (the location of the Montery Bay Aquarium) to Seal Rocks along Seventeen Mile Drive. It encompased all of Pacific Grove, including Lovers Point.MCN --- "Rancho Punto de Pinos", Pg. 460 [http://g.co/maps/zxggf Aumentos Rock], a large rock between Point Pinos and Lover's Point, was named after José María Armenta, "'Aumentos' is doubtless a corruption of 'Armenta's'".MCN --- "Aumentos Rock", Pg. 24 One of the various names for the [http://g.co/maps/tb79e small beach on the east side of Lover's point], Pacific Grove, is "La Playa de Brigida" named for Bridida Alvirez, widow of Armenta".MCN --- "Lovers Point Beach", Pg. 286 == Footnotes & Sources == === Primary Sources === === Secondary Sources === '''MCN''' = Clark, Donald Thomas, Monterey County Place Names: A Geographical Dictionary. Carmel Valley, California, Kestrel Press, 1991.

Harry Coumnas is based in New York and is a thorough professional. He loves adventure and leisure activities and has many passions and hobbies. He likes adventure sports such as sky diving from mountains and hitch hiking across the world.

La fuerza aerea de chile es una institucion cuya funcion es defender a la República de Chile por medio del control y explotación del espacio aéreo, participar en la batalla de superficie apoyando a fuerzas propias y amigas, con el propósito de contribuir al logro de los objetivos estratégicos que la política nacional le fija a las Fuerzas Armadas.

[http://maps.google.com/maps/place?ftid=0x87d5b5eed06be237:0x728a1034f6bfc1bb&q=lunsford,+arkansas&hl=en&ved=0CAwQ-gswAA&sa=X&ei=NPfPTofjFYPKowTrvZDQCg Lunsford] came into being because of its being located near the St. Francis River. Also, a good docking area was near. The Lunsfords area was also an advantageous location because of the underbrush and many trees having already been cleared probably by Indians. The first white settlers then could plant their crops without clearing the trouble-some underbrush. The first white settlers in the Lunsford area were a Mr. & Mrs. Rittenhouse. They came in 1815. They and two companions had left Culberhouse (now Kennett, Missouri) by boat down the St. Francis River. After some days travel, Mr. & Mrs. Rittenhouse decided to settle at Deep Landing on the Maumelle Prairie. Their companions journeyed on down the river. Ten days later their companions returned to find Mr. Rittenhouse dead of a gunshot wound to the head near a cabin he was roofing. Mrs. Rittenhouse's decapitated body was found some distance away. Those responsible for the murders were not found but were suspected to be river pirates, trappers, or perhaps members of an Indian Village camped nearby. No other settlers came to this area until 1838; at that time the Fowlkes family, Dry Lewis, and Alanson Snoddy settled there to engage in farming. Alber Franklin Taylor married Miss Snoddy, and they also moved to this area. In 1844, an overflow forced them to move to the present town of Lunsford. Mr. Taylor prospered and at one time owned 10,000 acres of land, stores, and a sawmill at Lunsford. The Taylor family is still prominent in the area. The name Taylor was suggested for the town, but since there was already a Taylor, Arkansas, the town wwas named after John Lunsford, a tenant of Mr. Taylor.

This is a compelation from the 1911 census and beyond

La adquisición de nuevas plataformas de alerta temprana para complementar al Boeing 707 Condor que se espera este operativo hasta el 2015. La Participación en el proyecto Embraer KC-390 con la intención de adquirir en primera instancia aviones para reemplazar la flota de Lockheed C-130 Hercules.Esto no se concretaría, en ningún caso, antes de 2017. La compra de el sistema de defensa antiaérea NASAMS (Norwegian Advanced Sam System), que empezó con una adquisición inicial de 3 Baterías avaluadas en 100 millones de dólares. y alrededor de 100 Misiles AIM-120 AMRAAM C-7. Existe la intención de comprar entrenadores avanzados para el 2012 para reemplazar a los A-36 Halcón, entre los posibles candidatos se encuentran el BAE Hawk, Jet Coreano T-50 Golden Eagle y el Alenia Aermacchi M-346 Master. Como alcance ENAER y Alenia Aermacchi firmaron un memorando de entendimiento en el 2008. Se pretende adquirir un avión de superioridad aérea para remplazar el F-5 en el 2015,en el 2007 la empresa Lockheed Martin ofrecio a la FACH el F-35A13 que podra ser adquirido en 2015,se esta evaluando la compra junto con el ofrecimiento español de 12 Eurofighter Typhoon en 2010. La compra de vehículos aéreos no tripulados (UAV) Elbit Hermes 900 anunciados en mayo de 2011 y confirmado por el Ministro de Defensa en octubre de 2011.

The best excursion we have had from a cruise ship. The [http://www.barcosquecantan.com/index.php?lang=eng&secc=barcos&subSecc=enamorado Tu Enamorado] is a great little schooner with a very accommodating crew. Only 15 or 16 passengers leaves plenty of elbow room. [[Category:Vacations and Trips]]

La fach tiene dos tipos de grados jerárquicos que son: -Personal de Cuadro Permanente (PCP) -Oficiales (SS.OO.) El grado de Oficiales (SS.OO.) empieza por ser alferes,despues es subteniente, despues teniente,luego capitan de bandada, Comandante de Escuadrilla, Comandante de Grupo, Coronel de Aviación, Comodoro, General de Brigada Aérea, General de Aviación y el grado final es General del Aire que es el grado mas alto que un aviador puede obtener. La etapa de Personal de Cuadro Permanente (PCP) empieza por Cabo, después caboº2, Cabo 1°, Sargento 2°, Sargento 1°, Suboficial y el ultimo grado es Suboficial Mayorque es mayor grado al que puede acceder en el Personal de Cuadro Permanente

My name is Jake Palidar, I am a student from Walsh University and on this page I will discribe a little bit about Google Docs. Quick Introduction: Google Docs is a free, Web-based office suite, and data storage service offered by Google. It allows users to create and edit documents online while collaborating in real-time with other users. Google Docs combines the features of Writely and Spreadsheets with a presentation program incorporating technology designed by Tonic Systems. Data storage of files up to 1 GB total in size was introduced on January 13, 2011.

35th Annual Reunion of the 11th Texas Cavalry Aug. 1-2, 1912 P.T. McBride was the last surviving member of this company. I have a copy of this photo without the annotation if anyone is interested. Just drop me an email. [http://www.findagrave.com/cgi-bin/fg.cgi?page=mr&MRid=47656936 J. Erickson]

Lo que los padres e hijos deben saber… Posted by polcita en julio 7, 2007 La adicción a las drogas ilícitas, al alcohol e, incluso, a ciertas drogas empleadas en medicina como los tranquilizantes o los analgésicos, y que se conocen como sicoactivas, es uno de los problemas de salud pública más importantes en todo el mundo. En ella pueden caer desde los niños y los adolescentes hasta los a los adultos, sin distingo de clase social o de nivel educativo. Es más, la comunidad médica ya considera la adicción como un desorden crónico que afecta a las neuronas encargadas de los procesos mentales de pensamiento, raciocinio, voluntad y placer. El adicto no es voluntariamente adicto; más bien es víctima de un conjunto de circunstancias orgánicas y ambientales que lo conducen a seguir una línea de comportamiento y un estilo de vida que, si bien puede abandonar, le resulta muy difícil. De hecho, actualmente los índices de adicción a las diferentes sustancias mencionadas son tan alarmantes, que sus repercusiones, amén de afectar la tranquilidad y economía familiares, constituyen un rubro muy alto en el presupuesto, particularmente en lo que se refiere a investigación médica, prevención y rehabilitación de los adictos. Tan sólo en Estados Unidos, por ejemplo, la inversión de los últimos años ha sido de 80 mil millones de dólares anuales. Es por ello que trabajar en la prevención es una de las tareas más urgentes de la sociedad, comenzando por la familia, que debe estar adecuadamente informada sobre las “opciones” que se encuentran en las calles, en los círculos de amigos, en los colegios y universidades. Publicado en La familia, Uncategorized | Deja un Comentario » Posted by polcita en julio 7, 2007 BUSCANDO UNA SALIDA… Siendo una enfermedad y no simplemente una costumbre o un vicio, la adicción a las sustancias sicoactivas demanda tratamiento especializado y apoyo familiar, pero, sobre todo, voluntad y deseo de superarlo de parte de quien se encuentra enfermo. El proceso consiste en una terapia dirigida por un equipo que involucra al médico general, psicólogos y psiquiatras, quienes, junto con los familiares que rodean al paciente, le brindan el apoyo que necesita para superar la dependencia a las drogas. La estrategia escogida y el tiempo que demande su aplicación dependerá de la severidad del problema de cada paciente. Además, aun cuando el adicto logre salir adelante y abandone el consumo de las sustancias adictivas, debe ser consciente de que su enfermedad, si bien ha sido tratada, no podrá ser curada. Haciendo una comparación, la adicción es como la diabetes o la hipertensión, no se curan pero se manejan con ayuda de tratamientos médicos y el autocuidado del paciente. Publicado en Buscando una salida de las drogas... | Deja un Comentario » Tipos de Drogas más conocidas: Posted by polcita en julio 7, 2007 Entre las más conocidas encontramos: Alcohol Cafeína Cocaína Crack Inhalantes LSD Marihuana Hachís MDMA o éxtasis Anfetaminas Nicotina Opiáceos (Heroína, Morfina, etc.) Peyote Hongos psilocibes, también conocidos como alucinógenos o mágicos Benzodiacepinas Publicado en Tipos de drogas | Deja un Comentario » Posted by polcita en julio 6, 2007 ¿Qué son las drogas? Las drogas es cualquier sustancia que, una vez introducida en el organismo a través de distintas vías (inyectada, fumada o tragada), tiene capacidad para alterar o modificar las funciones corporales, las sensaciones, el estado de ánimo o las percepciones sensoriales (vista, oído, tacto, gusto, olfato). Existen muchas clases de drogas. Algunas son legales como el alcohol, el tabaco o los fármacos; otras son ilegales como el hachís, la cocaína, la heroína, etc. Todas las drogas tienen un denominador común: al ingerirlas (sea cual sea la forma) pasan a la sangre y, a través de ella, al cerebro y a todo el organismo, provocando los diferentes efectos que las caracterizan: excitar, relajar o distorsionar la realidad.2. Riesgos Todas las drogas afectan a la salud de las personas y su desarrollo personal. Sin embargo, este dato se potencia aún más en el caso de los jóvenes, puesto que cada vez que se recurre a las drogas como muleta para disfrutar de la vida o enfrentarse a sus exigencias, se está limitando la oportunidad de demostrar y desarrollar los recursos y las capacidades propias. El consumo de drogas induce, por otra parte, a comportamientos “descontrolados” que se llevan a cabo bajo los efectos de las drogas, conductas, en muchos casos, en las que no se miden los riesgos, ni las consecuencias de lo que se está haciendo. Un riesgo de las drogas (quizá el más importante) es su capacidad de crear dependencia. Todas las drogas presentan esta característica. Aunque se afirma que algunas drogas no generan dependencia física (cannabis, alucinógenos, éxtasis,etc.), éste es un asunto controvertido. En lo que sí hay unanimidad es en la capacidad de las drogas para provocar dependencia psicológica o emocional. Es cierto que la facilidad para que se cree una dependencia física depende de muchos factores, también lo es que no hay ninguna persona tan segura que pueda afirmar que controla plenamente los riesgos de hacerse dependiente. Además, muchas de las drogas que se encuentran en el mercado ilegal están con frecuencia sometidas a procesos de adulteración. En estos casos, el posible consumidor no sabe qué es lo que está tomando y, por lo tanto, se sitúa ante unos imprevisibles riesgos añadidos. Todas dañan la salud y, si se toman con frecuencia, algunas pueden provocar daños irreparables, biológicos o psicológicos. Asimismo, se pueden correr riesgos muy serios si se padece algún tipo de patología, como, por ejemplo, cardíaca o hipertensión, que puede que aún no se haya manifestado o no la haya diagnosticado el médico. Muchas veces las drogas se ingieren mezcladas unas con otras, por ejemplo; porros y alcohol, éxtasis y alcohol, cannabis y cocaína, etc., sometiendo, de esta forma, al sistema nervioso a sacudidas contradictorias o multiplicando los efectos de ambas sustancias. También existen riesgos relacionados con comportamientos que los consumos facilitan o impiden controlar (comportamientos impulsivos). Publicado en ¿Qué son las drogas? ¿Cuáles son sus riesgos? | Deja un Comentario » “Alcoholismo y drogradicción enemigos incubiertos” Posted by polcita en julio 6, 2007 Los adolescentes pueden estar comprometidos en varias formas con el alcohol y las drogas legales o ilegales. Es común el experimentar con el alcohol y las drogas durante las adolescencia. Desgraciadamente, con frecuencia los adolescentes no ven la relación entre sus acciones en el presente y las consecuencias del mañana. Ellos tienen la tendencia a sentirse indestructibles e inmunes hacia los problemas que otros experimentan. El uso del alcohol o del tabaco a una temprana edad aumenta el riesgo del uso de otras drogas más tarde. Algunos adolescentes experimentan un poco y dejan de usarlas o continúan usándolas ocasionalmente sin tener problemas significativos. Otros desarrollarán una dependencia, usarán luego drogas más peligrosas y se causarán daños significativos a ellos mismos y posiblemente a otros. La adolescencia es el tiempo de probar cosas nuevas. Los adolescentes usan el alcohol y las otras drogas por varias razones, incluyendo la curiosidad, para sientirse bien, para reducir el estrés, para sentirse personas adultas o para pertenecer a un grupo. Es difícil el poder determinar cuáles de los adolescentes van a experimentar y parar ahí, y cuáles van a desarrollar problemas serios. Los adolescentes que corren el riesgo de desarrollar problemas serios con el alcohol y las drogas incluyen aquellos: * con un historial familiar de abuso de substancias * que están deprimidos * que sienten poco amor propio o autoestima * que sienten que no pertenecen y que están fuera de la corriente ppppp

LAS DROGAS SON AQUELLAS SUSTANCIAS QUE UNA VEZ SEA INTRODUCIDA EN EL ORGANISMO A TRAVÉS DE LAS VÍAS (INYECTADA, FUMADA, TRAGADA), QUE TIENE LA CAPACIDAD DE ALTERAR O MODIFICAR LAS FUNCIONES CORPORALES, LAS SENSACIONES, EL ESTADO DE ÁNIMO O LAS PERCEPCIONES SENSORIALES COMO (VISTA, OÍDO, TACTO, GUSTO, OLFATO). EXISTEN MUCHOS TIPOS DE DROGAS COMO LAS LEGALES COMO EL ALCOHOL, EL TABACO O LOS FÁRMACOS; OTRAS SON ILEGALES COMO LA COCAÍNA, LA HEROÍNA. CADA DROGA TIENE UN DOMINADOR COMÚN. Leer más: http://adolescentes1740.webnode.es/contactanos/ Crea tu propia web gratis: http://www.webnode.esESTAS DROGAS SON LAS MÁS CONOCIDAS POR LO JÓVENES Y LAS QUE MÁS SE COMERCIALIZAN EN LOS AMBIENTES DE ELLOS ü ALCOHOL ü CAFEÍNA ü COCAÍNA ü CRACK ü INHALANTES ü LSD ü MARIHUANA ü HACHÍS ü MDMA O ÉXTASIS ü ANFETAMINAS ü NICOTINA ü OPIÁCEOS (HEROÍNA, MORFINA, ETC.) ü PEYOTE ü HONGOS PSILOCIBES, TAMBIÉN CONOCIDOS COMO ALUCINÓGENOS O MÁGICOS ü BENZODIACEPINAS Leer más: http://adolescentes1740.webnode.es/contactanos/tipos-de-drogas-mas-conocidas-/ Crea tu propia web gratis: http://www.webnode.es LOS PADRES DEBEN SABER QUE A LA ADICIÓN PUEDE CAER NIÑO, ADOLESCENTE HASTA ADULTOS, SIN DISTINTAS CLASES SOCIALES O NIVEL EDUCATIVO. ES MÁS, LA COMUNIDAD MÉDICA YA CONSIDERA LA ADICCIÓN COMO UN DESORDEN CRÓNICO QUE AFECTA A LAS NEURONAS ENCARGADAS DE LOS PROCESOS MENTALES DE PENSAMIENTO, RACIOCINIO, VOLUNTAD Y PLACER. EL ADICTO NO ES VOLUNTARIAMENTE ADICTO; MÁS BIEN ES VÍCTIMA DE UN CONJUNTO DE CIRCUNSTANCIAS ORGÁNICAS Y AMBIENTALES QUE LO CONDUCEN A SEGUIR UNA LÍNEA DE COMPORTAMIENTO Y UN ESTILO DE VIDA QUE, SI BIEN PUEDE ABANDONAR, LE RESULTA MUY DIFÍCIL. ES POR ELLO QUE TRABAJAR EN LA PREVENCIÓN ES UNA DE LAS TAREAS MÁS URGENTES DE LA SOCIEDAD, COMENZANDO POR LA FAMILIA, QUE DEBE ESTAR ADECUADAMENTE INFORMADA SOBRE LAS “OPCIONES” QUE SE ENCUENTRAN EN LAS CALLES, EN LOS CÍRCULOS DE AMIGOS, EN LOS COLEGIOS Y UNIVERSIDADES. Leer más: http://adolescentes1740.webnode.es/contactanos/lo-que-los-padres-e-hijos-deben-saber-/ Crea tu propia web gratis: http://www.webnode.es

Here is a page for organizing our family reunion. Please edit this text with more details and reunion updates. Add memories from past reunions below. Use the bulletin board to the right to ask questions and coordinate with each other. [[Category:Family Reunions]]

[[http://g.co/maps/yqxqm 1]] Address where family of [[Owen-514|Wally]] and [[Walsh-607|Ann Owen]] lived until they went to Sydney, Australia for two years, June 1970 - June 1972.

William Peoples McCord was my Grandfather George's grandfather. He was a farmer and community leader. He was born in Ohio and died in Hanford, CA. William Peoples married Sophia Crippen.

Grandson

I am setting this up so that we can collect information on the family so we can keep track of everyone (as much or as little info as you are comfortable with) and work backwards to track our heritage. If anyone would like to get involved join WikiTree and get a hold of me. bradbaumle@gmail.com Thanks

Father of James Eli Black, born in 1859 in Excelsior, Crawford, Wisconsin. JEB died October 29, 1922 in California.