Ancestors of Rhanullt Rognvaldatter
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===Table 3.23B Ancestry of Rhanullt Rognvaldatter=== ''Continued from Table2.4, #65 '''Generation 2''' Confident :3. Rhanullt Rognvaldatter: Born Kingdom of the Isles (Isle of Man) 1200. Died Wales 1221. Mother of 1. Daughter of 6 & 7. Confident SB: The marriage would be plausible enough but better documentation would be desirable. '''Generation 3''' Confident :6. Rǫgnvaldr Guðrøðarson: Born Isle of Man 1165. ''King of Man.'' Died Isle of Man 14 Feb 1229. Father of 3. Son of 12 & 13. SB. Confident. '''Generation 4''' Confident :12. Gudrød Olafsson: Born Isle Of Man [date unknown]. ''King of Man.''Died Nov 1187. Father of 6. Son of 24 & 25. SB. Confident '''Generation 5''' Confident :24. Óláfr Bitling Guðrøðarson: Born Isle of Man, Norway [date unknown]. ''King of Man.'' Died Isle of Man, Norway abt 1153. Father of 12. Son of 48 & 49. Confident :25. Affrica or Aufrica of Galloway: Born Carrick, Ayrshire, Scotland abt 1115. Died Isle of Man 1166. Mother of 12. Daughter of 50 & 51. Confident '''Generation 6''' Confident :48. Gudrød Kvithand Haraldsson: Born Isle of Man abt 1025. ''King of Man.'' Died Islay, Strathclyde, Scotland abt 1095. Father of 24. Son of 96 & 97. Confident :50. Fergus of Galloway: Born Scotland abt 1078. Died Holyrood Abbey, Edinburgh, Edinburghshire, Scotland 12 May 1161. Father of 25. Son of 100 & 101. Confideng :51. Elizabeth FitzHenry: Born Talby, Yorkshire, England 1095. Died [date unknown]. Mother of 25. Daughter of 102 & 103. Confident. But not listed as daughter of King Henry by Richardson 1:8, END '''Generation 7''' :96. Harald Guðrøðarson, known also as "Harold the Black." Born Islay, Hebridene, 0980. ''King of Man.'' His wife's name is not known. Died Stamford Bridge, Yorkshire, England abt 1040. Father of 48. '''Continued Table 4.34. Ancestors of Harald Guðrøðarson.'''
===Table 4.34 Ancestors of Harold Guðrøðarson (880-980) Confident. END=== ''From Table 3.23'' #96 '''Generation 1''' Confident :1. Harald "The Black" (Guðrøðarson) Gudrodsson: ''King of Man'' Born Islay, Hebridene, 0980. Died Stamford Bridge, Yorkshire, England about 1040. Confident '''Generation 2''' Reviewed :2. Godfred (or Godred) `Haraldsson: Born Limerick, Ireland abt 0935. Died Western Isles, Strathclyde, Scotland 0989. Father of 1. Son of 4 & 5. Confident :3. Unknown Of Islay: Born Isle Man, England 0955. Died Isle of Man, Norway [date unknown]. Mother of 1. Daughter of 6 & 7. Unsourced '''Generation 3''' Confident :4. Harald Sitricsson: Born Limerick, Ireland 0925. Died 0940. Father of 2. Son of 8 & 9. Confident :5. Edgyth UNKNOWN: Born Northumbria [date unknown]. Died [date unknown]. Mother of 2. Daughter of 10 & 11. Confident '''Generation 4''' Confident :8. Sigtryggr Blinde Ivarsson: Born Dublin, Ireland abt 0880. Died Jorvik, York, Northumbria, England 0927. Father of 4. Son of 16 & 17. Confident. END
===Table 4.34 Ancestors of Harold Guðrøðarson (880-980) Confident. END===
Ancestors of Richard Ameling
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Ancestors of Selma Doris Sauer
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ANCESTORS OF WILLIAM HANCOCK 3853
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[[Woodall-1886|{{Green|John Woodall (1740-1822) m. Lincy Harvey}}]]==
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Ancestry of Christian Stutzman (bef 1730-1770)
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Ancestry of Thomas Penzer to James Gillespie of Cowpasture
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Ancient Connections
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Ancient Livingston history
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Andel, Noord-Brabant One Place Study Info
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Anders Jacobsson in Malingstorp
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Anderson: George Coffee, Space Wish
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Anderson County, South Carolina - Chisholm surname sources
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https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/3:1:3Q9M-CS73-MS2H-T?i=36&cat=296924
1798 Feb 27 – James Millwee to William Chislom, bk C&D 1794-1799, p 475. Pendleton County, South Carolina
… James Millwee of Pendleton County … in consideration of 10 pounds paid to me by William Chisom of the County afsd … sell and release unto the said William Chisom all that plantation tract of land containing 70 acres … lying on 26 Mile Creek in said County granted to Michael Dickson … the 5th day of June 1786 … beginning on the edge of a swamp on a line of a water oak …
Signed: James Millwee
Wit: Maridy Hunnicutt, William Hunnicutt, John Hunnicut
https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/3:1:3Q9M-CS73-JHT8?i=750&cat=296924
1799 April 1 – William Chism to Robert Dickerson, Bk E, p 44. Pendleton County, South Carolina
… State of South Carolina Pendleton County … I William Chism of Pendleton County and State afsd for and in consideration of the sum of 10 pounds paid to me by Robert Dickson of County and State afsd … have granted … sell release unto the said Robert Dickerson … land containing 70 acres … on 26 Mile Creek in the said County granted to Mical Dickinson as by his excellency William Moultrie the 5th day of June 1786 and the corsis as follows beginning on the edge of the swamp on a line of a water oak … at the highwater mark … near James Jolly’s line thence … as by water mark on 26 Mile Creek thence up said creek as far as by water mark as far as the beginning line …
Signed: William Chism
Wit: James Jolly, Joseph Johnston
https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/3:1:3Q9M-CS73-MS2C-8?i=35&cat=296924
1799 Nov 8 – John Chisom fr John McCutchin, bk I, p 198. Pendleton County, South Carolina
… I John McCutchin of the State and County afsd for and in consideration of the sum of 700 dollars … paid by John Chism of the afsd State and County …. sell release and confirm unto the said John Chism all and singular that parcel of land lying and being in the County afsd on the Great Generositee Creek containing 334 acres … part of a tract of land belonging to John Ross … on Mr Key’s line … to the original line of John Ross including a piece of land being the remainder of a tract of land bought from John Moore … on a dividing line between Ross and sd McCutchin … to a line between Ross and James Long ….up sd Generositee Creek to the beginning including 10 acres more or less bought from James Long by sd McCutchin … unto the sd John Sisson …
Signed: John McCutchin
Wit: James Long, Jonah Elliott
(Recorded on April 21, 1808)
https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/3:1:3Q9M-CS73-MS1J-5?i=407&cat=296924
1802 Nov 30 – John Sisson to Peter Keys, bk G, p 253. Pendleton County, South Carolina
https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/3:1:3Q9M-CS73-MS2K-J?i=537&cat=296924
1804 Nov 15 – John Sisson to John Watson, bk K, p 140. Pendleton County, South Carolina
https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/3:1:3Q9M-CS73-MSCR-9?i=81&cat=296924
1808 March 9 – William Chisolm v Charles Payne, Roll No. 945. Pendleton District (Anderson County, SC records)
… Charles Payne was attached by his monies, goods, chattels, books of account, leasehold estates, and chattels real to answer to William Chisolm in a plea of trespass upon the case etc, and whereupon the said William by Thomas W Farrar his attorney complains that whereas the said Charles on the 5th day of Dec 1807 at Pendleton Courthouse in the Dist and State afsd … did make his certain note … called a promissory note … promised to pay Nancy Payne 86 dollars … whenever he collected a note of 216 dollars given by Thomas Benton to Zebediah Payne payable the 25th day of Dec 1808 … Charles Payne became liable to pay the said Nancy the afsd sum of 86 dollars … on the 27th day of January 1809 at Pendleton Courthouse … appointed the note … to be paid to one Zebediah Payne … on March 8, 1809 … to be paid to the said William Chisolm …
https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/3:1:3Q9M-C3M5-P33H-G?i=397&cat=440424
1810 May 7 – John Sisson to John Watson, bk K, p 140. Pendleton County, South Carolina
1811 William Chisolm v Charles Payne, Roll No. 945. Pendleton District (Anderson County, SC records)
… Charles Payne was attached by his monies, goods, chattels, books of account, leasehold estates, and chattels real to answer to William Chisolm in a plea of trespass upon the case etc, and whereupon the said William by Thomas W Farrar his attorney complains that whereas the said Charles on the 5th day of Dec 1807 at Pendleton Courthouse in the Dist and State afsd … did make his certain note … called a promissory note … promised to pay Nancy Payne 86 dollars … whenever he collected a note of 216 dollars given by Thomas Benton to Zebediah Payne payable the 25th day of Dec 1808 … Charles Payne became liable to pay the said Nancy the afsd sum of 86 dollars … on the 27th day of January 1809 at Pendleton Courthouse … appointed the note … to be paid to one Zebediah Payne … on March 8, 1809 … to be paid to the said William Chisolm …
https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/3:1:3Q9M-C3M5-P33H-G?i=397&cat=440424
1812 Sept 17 – John Sisson to Peter Keys, bk L, p 407. Pendleton County, South Carolina
https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/3:1:3Q9M-CS73-MSCQ-C?i=380&cat=296924
1815 May 31 – John Chion to S Maverick, bk O, p 165. Pendleton County, South Carolina
… between John F Chion of the one part and Sauel Maverick of the other … whereas the said John F Chion was seized by inheritance as of fee in a certain tract of land situated as now ascertained by perches and surveys within the District of Pendleton in the State ofad and whereas by virtue of an understanding had with the said Samuel Maverick the said Samuel Maverick was to search for ascertain and cause to be resurveyed the said tract of land a part of which is herein after particularly described upon the express condition of receiving a conveyance for 1/2 of said tract of land as recompence for finding and resuveying the same and paying the necessary expense therefor … John F Chion for and in consideration of the services of the said Samuel Maverick and the sum of 50 dollars expended by him …. conveyed unto the said Samuel Maverick …. that SW half of a tract of 640 acres of land originally surveyed for Mary Eaton April 1785 and granted to Lewis Newhouse in Jan 1789, by a resurvey by Majr Lewis … contains 695 acres in Pendleton Dist on the South side of Twenty Six Mile Creek and branches of Generositee Creek waters of Savannah River … containing 346 acres and 1/2 acre …
Signed: J. Chion.
Wit: Duke Goodman, P Javain.
Survey (below) – ….originally surveyed by James Dauharty DS for Mary Eaton the 13 Apr 1785 and granted to Lewis Newhouse the 23 of January 1789 now in possession of J Chion in Charleston …. survey to inlude 695 acres instead of 640 acres situated in Pendleton District on the south side of 26 Mile Creek … SW branches of Capt J McMillions … Machine Creek waters of Savannah River and a branch of Guarantee Creek …. Resurveyed this 23 day of April 1812. Signed: Majr Lewis. DS.
https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/3:1:3Q9M-CSR8-8S4X-F?i=310&cat=296924
1819 William Chisolm Sr and William Chisolm Jr, aka William Chisolm & Co v Ormon Morgan, Roll No. 1006. Pendleton District (Anderson County, SC records)
https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/3:1:3Q9M-CSLK-ZR3F?i=322&cat=440424
Deeds:
Index: https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/3:1:3Q9M-CS73-MSP8-X?i=41&cat=296924
1799 April – W Chism to R Dickerson, bk E, p 44
https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/3:1:3Q9M-CS73-MS2C-8?i=35&cat=296924
1826 Feb 14 – John Sisson Sr, bk R, p 353. Pendleton County, South Carolina
Anderson Family Records
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Anderson-53923 Research Worksheet
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Anderson-53934 Research Worksheet
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Andersonia, California Place Study Info
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Anderson-Swenson Family Album
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Andersson-4409, Swedish photoalbum, unrelated family
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Andersson-4409 Sandbox
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Andersson-4409 Unidentified photos (pappas sida)
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Anderton pedigrees
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Andijk
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Andrejovka, Sáros, Hungary
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Andrew, Jennie, and daughter Sandra, Kirkpatrick
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Andrew & Susannah Irwin deed to Ellis Dunaway
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Notary Public === Sources ===
Andrew Andrus Gardner Sources
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Andrew House: Household and Pre-1850 Census Records
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Andrew Hunter and Margaret Murdocks family 1683
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Andrew Jackson's Paternal Lines: Research Page
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Andrew L Jones Jr.
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Andrew Lancaster Policy Proposals October 2018
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Andrew Linehan Family Bible
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Andrew Marter Birth Certificate
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Andrew Maxwell's Photos
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Andrew Myers Land Records in Licking County, Ohio
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Andrew Roeller Family Bible
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Andrew Shaules images
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Andrew Smith 1652-1704
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Andrews/Horner/Webster family history notes from Eleanore Andrews
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Andrew's Art Gallery
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Andrew's Art Gallery - Works by Medium
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Andrew's Art Gallery - Works by Year Completed
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Andrew's Artist Statement
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Andrews Barnett Griffen Bible
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Andrew's drafting page
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Andrews Electoral Rolls
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Andrew's Exhibition History
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Andrews in America
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Andrew's Photo Album
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Andrews Raid, 1862
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Andrews-Hardy Family Mysteries
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Andring Family Name Interest
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Andris Souplis, 1634-1726, immigrant to Germantown, PA
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Andtbacka Homestead
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Andy Hill To-Do List
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Andy Montague To-Do List
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Angakonngapage
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Angel Flack (Dachound
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Angel Flack (Dachound)
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Angel the dog
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Angela (O'Brien) Pentreath memorial prayer card collection
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Angela Harris Family Tree
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Angela Kay Dollar Small - Research Page
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Angella Piercy
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Angelo Relations
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Anglesey Resources
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Anglesey roots
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Anglican Church of St Swithin
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Anglicanism in Cape Town
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Anglo Boer war 1899-1902
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Anglo Boer War Data errors
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Anglo Boere Oorlog - Geskiedenis, Stories en Interessante feite
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Angulo From Venezuela
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Angus Kjos Research Tools
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This page collects links for '''FREE''' tools or search sites that provide links to '''FREE''' data and not so much for surname specific sources.
Sure, one can find all of these using search engines, but how do you share it with a new enthusiast? These are tried and true '''FREE''' tools that are used repeatedly so this page provides a convenient place to keep organized shortcuts that are hopefully platform-independent. This page is not an attempt to duplicate other pages that exhaustively include a plethora of sites and categories. Links might be duplicated in several categories. Categorization scheme is my preference and how I organize; feel free to copy contents to your own freespace page and reorder/categorize to your preferences.
''Books''
Link to digitized various histories at '''Archive.org''' [http://archive.org]
Link to '''Family Search.org''' [https://books.familysearch.org/primo_library/libweb/action/search.do?vid=FHD_PUBLIC]
Link to '''Loyal Books - History''' [http://www.loyalbooks.com/genre/History] :Free Public Domain Audiobooks & eBook Downloads.
Link to '''United States Library of Congress''' [https://www.loc.gov/]
Link to '''World Cat''' for world-wide book catalog and citation format [http://worldcat.org]
''Calculators''
Link to '''DOB''' Calculator.
Link to '''Day of Week''' calculator.
''Canadian Tools''
Link to '''Canadian Gravestone''' Searches [http://canadianheadstones.com]
Link to '''1891 Canada Census''' Searches.[http://www.bac-lac.gc.ca/eng/census/1891/Pages/1891.aspx] ''Data Lookups''
Link to Data record searches at '''Family Search''' [http://familysearch.org]
''Data/Language Tools''
Link to '''Type language special characters''' [http://norwegian.typeit.org/]
:If you have problems with the tool, try a different browser or the browser security settings might be causing a problem where selected action doesn't work or parts of the application tool(s) don't display/work correct.y. Seems to work okay with Microsoft Internet Explorer but not with Firefox or Opera, at least with some security settings.
''Dates''
Nice little write-up about Julian calendar (pre-1752) dates [[http://www.genealogytoday.com/columns/recipes/tip14.html]]
''Dictionaries''
''English'' - Link to ''OneLook'' [http://www.onelook.com/]
Link to ''Oxford'' multiple languages [http://www.oxforddictionaries.com/us]
General ''non-English'' languages [http://www.alphadictionary.com/directory/Languages/]
''Danish'' [http://www.alphadictionary.com/directory/Languages/Germanic/Danish/]
''Dutch'' [http://www.alphadictionary.com/directory/Languages/Germanic/Dutch/]
''French'' [http://www.alphadictionary.com/directory/Languages/Romance/French/]
''German'' [http://www.alphadictionary.com/directory/Languages/Germanic/German/]
''Irish'' [http://www.alphadictionary.com/directory/Languages/Celtic/Irish/]
''Italian'' [http://www.alphadictionary.com/directory/Languages/Romance/Italian/]
''Latin'' [http://www.alphadictionary.com/directory/Languages/Romance/Latin/]
''Norwegian'' [http://www.alphadictionary.com/directory/Languages/Germanic/Norwegian/]
''Scottish'' [http://www.alphadictionary.com/directory/Languages/Celtic/Scottish/]
''Spanish'' [http://www.alphadictionary.com/directory/Languages/Romance/Spanish/]
''Swedish'' [http://www.alphadictionary.com/directory/Languages/Germanic/Swedish/]
''Welsh'' [http://www.alphadictionary.com/directory/Languages/Celtic/Welsh/]
''Genealogy-centric Sites''
The USGenWeb Project [http://www.usgenweb.org/]
''Gravestones Look-ups'' and Cemetery tools
Link to '''Canadian Gravestone''' Searches [http://canadianheadstones.com]
Link to '''Find A Grave''' searches [http://findagrave.com]
Link to '''Billion Graves''' searches [http://billiongraves.com/] Don't like this site since it forces you to sign in to see anything.
''Names''
Link to '''Behind the Name''' site [http://www.behindthename.com/] provides comparable names in various languages.
Searching Tools
Listed in order of preference.
Link to ''Ixquick'' [https://ixquick.com/]
Link to ''info.com'' [http://www.info.com/]
Link to ''Duck Duck Go'' [https://duckduckgo.com/]
Link to ''Dogpile.com''' [http://www.dogpile.com/]
Link to ''Bing'' [https://www.bing.com/]
Link to ''Google''' [https://www.google.com/]
''Wikipedia''
Link to '''Wikipedia''' Searches [http://www.wikipedia.org]
*Wikipedia Citation Example: :
Because it's too much trouble to having to keep looking them up in Wikitree. Can paste in profiles.
*Migrating Ancestor Citation Example: Place above '''Biography''' section :
Place under '''Other Resources'' section header.
Citation Example: :
Angus Letter
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The original letter is in the possession of Beate Brookfield and is written on thin delicate blue paper, about 11x7, folded in half on its length and written on all four parts like a card. It was then turned as a single sheet and written in red ink over the blue ink writing. The transcription shown was completed by Beate Brookfield and preserves original spelling and punctuation.Email, Jan. 20, 2018 from Beate Brookfield. ''Glasgow 29 July 1851 ''Dear Brother and SisterRobert was married to John's sister [[Whyte-1089|Janet]]. ''I write you a few lines to let you know that we received your letter of date 18th _____ and we were happy to hear that you are well and liking Canada well you can tell [[Whyte-1108|Robert]]Robert was John and Janet's brother. He and his wife had also immigrated to Canada and lived nearby in Middleton township. that his wife’s brother called upon us eight days after Margaret’s father left here intending to send some word with him but he said that he would write They are all well their I may inform you that Thomas McMurtrieThomas was listed in 1851 Scotland Census, Parish: Barony; ED: 6B; Page: 3; Line: 1; Roll: CSSCT1851_143; Household schedule number: 11; as a visitor in the Robert Angus household and as Robert's store assistant. No evidence that he was related. has got married at last upon 5th June to one Ann Robertson from Tansbowie Distillery and he has his best respects to you and [[Lang-4063|Jane Lang]]John's first cousin. has got married upon the 26th of June upon [[Comrie-72|Daniel Crombrie]] and there was not a turn out like it at Kilsyth and their many a day their was two first class coaches out of Glasgow and two gigs and their was eleven couples left her father’s house and the hole of the people of Kilsyth was turned out to see it and it was a teetotal wedding plenty of meat and dancing and singing but no drink and there was many a joke passed that night so much dancing and singing without any spirits they have taken up their residence in a new house near the cross of Kilsyth. Jane has her best respects likewise her father and mother and they are all well. I am sorry to say that my brother [[Angus-986|James]] has lost his daughter [[Angus-999|Christina]] that is the one that was born at the time you left this country. She was buried last week they are all well otherwise and he has his best respects to you likewise. Thomas Dalylish has his best respects to you and he is writing a letter this week to William Provan on Provan has sent home a letter to Mary Meikham stating that he is paying five pound a year to the trustee for the farm and his wife and family is away out to him. I have called upon William Luck about Barrwood twice since I got your letter for he did not call upon me at last term and there is but about 2 pounds six or seven shilling comes to you at this time for their has been a good many repair going on at this time and their was 12 shilling over the 24 shilling paid while William had it and I told Jack to come to Glasgow and give Mr. Morrison what money he had left which he has done and he was to have got a duplicate of the decreed that Kirkwood hold against William but when Jack went to the writers where they had been lying Kirkwood had called and got all the papers away. So I went to Kilsyth upon the 28th _____ and told Jack to get the decreed from Kirkwood and bring it to Mr Morrison for we are of the opinion that the decreed is all paid so Jack will be in Glasgow next week with it and as McLaren the factor Kilsyth estate is dead a new one has been taking over the books and there is eight pound six shilling and four pence halfpenny standing against Barrwood for fue duty but there is two pound standing against a house in Kilsyth that your brother William is lifting the fue duty of but Jack has stopped him from getting more until he pays the fue belonging to the house and it will reduce the burden upon Barrwood till about six pound but I will say no more about it present as Mr Morrison is going to send you a letter along with this when Jack comes in to let you know how things stand. I hope Margaret’s father will have got safe to you for we seed in the newspaper that his ship arrive safe at Montreal and your old ship the Three Bells has arrived safe upon her passage except one. We heard by your aunt’s letter to Uncle James that you had got a daughter and we were glad to hear it from yourself and we wish you much happiness and joy in rising family and may it rise up and be a blessing to you in your adopted country. This leaves us all well and getting on much about the same way that you left us making it no worse getting our meat and cloths which we ought to be thankful for but can’t say we save any money by the time that we get all that we need. But your sister is very keen to come to America and the family is hearing now and then they are going to America to see their Uncle John but we must content ourselves hear a little till once we see how things is going to do with us. You will write soon and let us know how you are getting on and when you write let us know how Margaret’s Father got over. You have all our best respects your brother William is still _____ Glasgow but never long in one place. I cannot say where he is working at present but he was with William Smither writing about eight days since and he is stopping with Miller that was serving with him at Dirnsbuck but his son Peter is still with Thomas Dalylish ______. There is no word of your Uncle Robert directing your Uncle John’s money yet. The meal rose about ten shilling in the land here in about a month but we have the appearance of a good crop at present and it is back three shilling the load again. It is selling at present from thirty one to thirty shilling the load. Excuse the bad writing and spelling in haste and send us your own direction. No more at present but remain your affection Brother in Law Robert Angus
''May the god of Blessings Bless you and your is the humble Prayer of your RA'' '''Notes'''
Animal Family
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Animal Rights
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Animales en peligro de extinción y nuestros esfuerzos para revertir su causa:
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Anita Meek Scotland References
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Anita's Research Notes
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Ankober Sophie Ball
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Ann(e) Journal Project
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Ann (Oxley) Harriman 1726 Will 1820
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Ann Arbor Train Depot at Beulah
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Ann Blackburn Will Transcription
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The names were not spelled the same in each copy. The transcription below was taken from the Union County, Kentucky copy of the will. The various spelling variations are
::Anne Blackburn/Ann Blackburn ::Samuel Blackburn Mathews/Samuel Blackburn Matthews ::Scarboro/Scarborough ::Jane Telfair/Jane Telfare ::Isaac Telfair/Isaac Telfare ::Ann E. Lilly/Ann E. Lilley ::Dr Robert Lilly/Dr Rober Lilley ::Jefferson Kinney/Jefferson Kenny ==Transcription== In the name of God amen I '''[[Matthews-4007|Anne Blackburn]]''' of the Town of Stanton and State of Virginia being of sound mind and memory do for the purpose of disposing of such worldly estate as it hath pleased God to bestow upon me make and publish this my last will and Testament in manner and form following towit—
First I is my will and desire that all my just debts and funeral expenses shall be paid as soon as convenient after my decease.
Secondly – I give and bequeath to my Grand nephew '''Samuel Blackburn Matthews''' son of my nephew '''Frank Meriweather Mathews''' the sum of Three Hundred Dollars for the purpose of procuring a watch and chain provided he shall be living at my decease.
Thirdly – I give and bequeath to the Bible society of Virginia incorporated by an act passed on the 4th day of January 1814 – for the gratuitous dissemination of the Holy Scriptures to the poor of this Country and to the heathan the sum of Two Hundred Dollars.
Fourthly I give and bequeath to my negrowoman '''[[Blackburn-7227|Sally]]''' provided she shall continue to live with and serve me till my decease her freedom and the sum of Two Hundred Dollars but if she leaves me before that time the legacy shall be forfeited and revert to my residnary devisees I mean the pecuniary part thereof – To my negrowoman '''[[Blackburn-7228|Scarborough]]''' now in the state of Ohio I give her Freedom.
Fifthly I give and bequeath to my sister '''[[Mathews-1516|Jane Telfare]]''' the sum of one Thousand Dollars together with all my Houshold and kitchen furniture bed & Houshold linnens China & plate my wearing apparel my watch my Husband’s miniature likeness together with my jewelry I may die possessed of.
Sixthly – I will and devise to my nephew and his heirs forever the son and to my niece '''[[Telfair-29|Ann E. Lilley]]''' & her heirs forever the daughter of my sister '''[[Mathews-1516|Jane Telfare]]''' all my interest in real estate either in Virginia or in the state of Ohio consisting of my interest in a tract of land in the State of Ohio called the Brush Creek tract which land was given to my deceased sister '''[[Mathews-1513|Peggy Barry]]''' by my Father one seventh part has reverted to me as her heir – also Eight Hundred and fifteen acres of land in the said State of Ohio devised to me by the last will and Testament of my deceased husband the late '''[[Blackburn-7226|Samuel Blackburn]]''' – also my interest in the Washington Tavern in the Town of Stanton & the lots attached thereto together with the House and the lots in the said Town now occupied by '''Judge Thompson''' as Tenant together with a wood lot purchased by my late Husband of '''Robert Douthat''' containing __ acres lying on or near the main road leading from Stanton to Jennings Gap and devised to me by his last will and Testament two undivided thirds of which real estate I devise to the said '''[[Telfair-30|Isaac Telfare]]''' & his heirs forever the remaining undivided on third – I devise to the said '''[[Telfair-29|Ann E. Lilly]]''' and her heirs forever.
Seventhly all the rest and remaining of my estate of whatever kind or nature whither money or debts due to me whither real personal or mixed of which I may die possessed or entitled I will and bequeath to my aforesaid nephew & niece '''[[Telfair-30|Isaac Telfare]]''' and '''[[Telfair-29|Ann E. Lilly]]''' and such children as they now have or may hereafter have in the following proportions to the said '''[[Telfair-30|Isaac Telfare]]''' is to receive two thirds of the said residue for himself and his children and '''[[Lilley-1950|Doctor Robert Lilley]]''' the husband of the said '''[[Telfair-29|Ann E. Lilley]]''' is to receive the remaining third of the said residue in trust for the said '''[[Telfair-29|Ann E. Lilley]]''' & her children to be applied to their exclusive use and benefit.
Eighthly – It is my will and desire that an adequate sum of money shall be taken from my estate by my Executors & appropriated to the purchase of a tomb stone to be placed over my remains with a suitable epitaph. for the purpose of carrying the foregoing will into effect I hereby nominate and appoint my friends '''John H. Peyton''' & '''[[Mathews-1516|Jane Telfare]]''' Ex’r & Ex’x of this my last will and Testament hereby revoking and annulling all other or former wills by me heretofore made and declaring this to be my one last will and Testament – In Testimony whereof I have hereunto set my hand and affixed my seal the 4th day of May 1840.
'''[[Matthews-4007|Ann Blackburn]]'''
Signed sealed & acknowledged before us who have here subscribed the same as witnesses in the presence of the Testator and of each other & at her request, '''Benjamin Crawford''', '''Mathew Blair''', '''Saml Clark'''
August County Court, May Term 1840
This last will _ Testament of '''Ann Blackburn''' dec’d was presented in Court and proved by the oaths of '''Benjamin Crawford''', '''Matthew Blair''' and '''Saml Clark''' the subscribing witnesses hereto and ordered to be recorded
Test '''Jefferson Kinney''' clk
Augusta County Court==August Term 1840
'''John H. Peyton''' one of the Executors named in the last will and Testament of '''[[Matthews-4007|Ann Blackburn]]''' dec’d heretofore proved on this Court appeared in Court and refused to take upon himself the burthen of the Execution of said will and the said '''Peyton''' as attorney for '''[[Mathews-1516|Jane Telfare]]''' an Execatrix also named in said will in like manner refused on her behalf and thereupon on motion of '''[[Mathews-1516|Jane Telfare]]''' who made oath according to law, and with '''George M. Cochran''' and '''[[Lilley-1950|Robert D Lilley]]''' his securities entered into and acknowledged a bond in the penalty of Thirty Thousand Dollars conditioned as the law requires which bond is ordered to be recorded. Certificate is granted the said '''[[Telfair-30|Isaac Telfare]]''' for obtaining letters of Administration in due form of law on the estate of said '''[[Matthews-4007|Ann Blackburn]]''' dec’d with the will annexed
Test '''Jefferson Kinney''' clk. State of Virginia = Augusta County towit
I '''Jefferson Kenny''' Clerk of the County Court of Augusta in the state aforesaid do certify that the foregoing is a true copy of the last will and Testament of '''[[Matthews-4007|Ann Blackburn]]''' deceased which is of Record in my office together with the orders admitting the same to record granting probate thereon.
In testimony whereof I have hereunto set my hand and affixed my seal of Office at Stanton this the 28th day of August Ann Domini 1840 in the 65th year of the Commonwealth '''Jefferson Kenny''' Clk
State of Virginia = August County Towit
I '''Claudius Buster''' Elder & Presiding Justice of the Peace in & for the Count of Augusta and state aforesaid do hereby certify that '''Jefferson Kenny''' who hath given the certificate on the preceeding page is clerk as he hath in said Certificate stated and that his attestation is in due form of law. Given under my hand this 22nd day of December 1840
'''Claudius Buster''' Elder & Presiding Justice of Augt City
Pleas held at the Courthouse in Hillsboro for the County of Highland in the state of Ohio before the Hon’l '''Owen T. Fishback''' president Judge of the Court of Common pleas for the tenth Judicial Circuit in said state and '''John Matthew''' & '''[[Lilley-1950|Robert D. Lilley]]''' &'''William C. Scoat''' Esqrs his associates for 3’d County on the 14th day of March 1843. This day an authenticated copy of the last will of '''[[Matthews-4007|Ann Blackburn]]''' dec’d was presented for record and the Court are satisfied that said Copy is duly and properly authenticated, do order the same to be recorded.
The state of Ohio, Highland County S.S.
I '''W. G. Matthews''' Judge of the probate Court in and for said Count do hereby certify that the foregoing is a true full and perfect Copy and transcript of the will of '''[[Matthews-4007|Ann Blackburn]]''' deceased together with the order admitting the same originally to record granting probate thereon and the order admitting an authenticated copy thereof to record in the said County of Highland as appears of record in my Office in Will Book No 4, pages 152, 153, 154, 155 & 156, and in order book No 3 page 211, and I do farther certify that said probate Court is a Court of record, and successor of the Court of Common Pleas in probate and Testamentary matters. In Testimony whereof I have hereunto subscribed my name and affixed the seal of said court at Hillsborough this 31st day of July A.D. 1856
'''W. G. Matthews''' Probate Judge H.C.O
At a County Court held for Union County at the Courthouse in Morganfield on the 23rd day of August 1856. This Copy of the last will and Testament of '''[[Matthews-4007|Ann Blackburn]]''' dec’d was produced in Court by '''James T. Pierson''' which was by the Court ordered to be recorded which was done accordingly. Att. '''Thos. S. Chapman''' clk. == Sources ==
Ann Davenport Will Transcription
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I '''[[Briscoe-1990|Ann Davenport]]''' a citizen of Union County and State of Kentucky, being weak in body, but of sound mind and memory, thanks be to god for the same, and knowing that God hath decreed that all mankind shall die do in this my last will and Testament recommend my soul to God that gave it me, and my body to the grave to be buried in a Christian like manner at the discretion of my friends.
As to the wordly property that it has pleased God to intrust [sic] me with my just debts first to be punctually paid which are of no great magnitude my will and desire is that the residue be distributed in the following manner, to wit.
Item 1st. I give to my daughter Eleanor my negro woman Bet and two children Ive & Sally provided she shall be satisfied with this my will and if she should not and cause a contention by suing or otherwise, they shall be equally divided amongst my other children. She my daughter Eleanor having had from me one negro by Four hundred Dollars in cash, one horse worth Sixty Dollars, one cow and calf one feather bed, and furniture.
Item 2nd I give to my daughter Jane Jones my negro girl Hannah, and after the death of my husband, my negro girl Clary, having given her heretofore, one negro girl, one horse, one cow and calf, and one bed and furniture. I also wish her to have my riding mare, hyderally saddle and bridle.
Item 3rd. I give to my sons Nathaniel and Haman Ashby two negroes Joshua and Milly for them to draw by lot or otherwise for choice, he who gets the one most valuable shall pay to the other the difference in value so as to make them both equal also one cow and calf to my son Harman Ashby.
Item 4th I give to my daughter Barbara Ann Davenport, my negro girl Emily and Daniel together with one half of my household and kitchen furniture except one bed which I wish for '''[[Davenport-7675|my husband]]''' to be taken out before the division between Barbara Ann & Aham takes place.
Item 5th. I give to my son Abram Davenport my negro man Harry and Nancy also the other half of my household and kitchen Furniture and my land whereon I now live to be equally divided between my daughter Barbara Ann and Abram Davenport.
Item 6th I give to my granddaughter Mary jones my negro boy Solomon hereby revoking and dis???lling all former wills by me made hereby constitute, ??? confirming this to be my last will and testament.
Signed and sealed in the presence of us.
I hereby appoint my two sons Nathaniel and Hayman Ashby my Executors to this my last will and Testament
Given from under my hand & c this 8th day of July 1837. '''[[Briscoe-1990|Ann her X mark Davenport]]'''
Test Wm Sugg, Nathaniel Ashby and Abram Davenport.
At a County court holden for Union County at the courthouse in Morganfield on the 17th day of July 1837. This last will and testament of '''[[Briscoe-1990|Ann Davenport]]''' Deceased was produced into court and proven by the oaths of William Sugg and Abram Davenport two of the subscribing witnesses thereto and was by the Court ordered to be recorded.
And on the motion of Nathaniel Ashby and Haman Ashby the Executers therein named, who made oath according to law and with Peter Jones, W. C. Champman and C. C. P. Gilchrist their securities executed and acknowledged bond in the penalty of ten thousand Dollars conditioned as the law directs a certificate is granted them to obtain a probate thereof in due form of law. Attest James R. Hughes clk == Sources ==
Ann Gilchrist Holt Post Marriage Contract
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Whereas a marriage took place near Two years ago between Thomas B. Holt and '''[[Gilchrist-1841|Ann Elizabeth Gilchrist]]''' and the said '''[[Gilchrist-1841|Ann Elizabeth]]''' at the time of her marriage was the owner of divers articles of property devised to her by the last will and testament of her deceased father Robert Gilchrist, and whereas it was the wish and intention of the said Thomas B. Holt and '''[[Gilchrist-1841|Ann Elizabeth]]''' his wife before their said intermarriage to have a marriage contract made and duly executed, so as to secure the property owned by the said '''[[Gilchrist-1841|Ann Elizabeth]]''' to herself and to her disposal but all attempts made to convey out this design before their said intermarriage failed, and the said Thomas B. Holt yet willing and anxious that said original interest shall be carried out and fulfilled have selected and nominated Hiram McElroy as the trustee of his said wife '''[[Gilchrist-1841|Ann Elizabeth]]'''. Now be it forever remembered that I the said Thomas B. Holt for and in consideration of the before named intention and for and in consideration of the sum of one Dollar to me in in [sic] hand paid by Hiram McElroy trustee for '''[[Gilchrist-1841|An Elizabeth Holt late Ann Elizabeth Gilchrist]]''' the receipt thereof is hereby acknowledged before this day bargained and sold and by these presents do bargain sell and convey unto the said Hiram McElroy trustee as aforesaid the following articles of property '''[[Gilchrist-1846|Tart]]''' a negro woman about 40 years old '''[[Gilchrist-1843|Reuben]]''' a negro boy about 19 years old, who has to serve until he arrives at the age of 35 years by the last will & testament of Robert Gilchrist dec’d '''[[Gilchrist-1848|Parthenia]]''' a negro girl about 12 years old having to serve as a slave by said will until she arrives at the age of 25 years one '''[[Gilchrist-1855|Jay Bank]]''' coloured man about 12 years old, one speckled cow lame in the right hind leg 44 head of hogs marked with a crop and undernick in the right ear and under lot in the left 40 head of geese. Three Beads steads [sic] and furnature one Beaureau one folding leaf Table one cupboard and cupboard furniture one stock of bees one brass mounted set of Andrions one large grind stone one log chain one set of split bottom chairs and the Kitchen furniture and the intrust the the said '''[[Gilchrist-1841|Ann Elizabeth]]''' has in the farm devised to her by said last will of her deceased father one set of Cooper Tools together with Sundry farming utensals in a word all the property that the said '''[[Gilchrist-1841|Ann Elizabeth]]''' was entitled to under the will of her said deceased father together with all the increase thereof and all such property that she was the owner thereof at her intermarriage with the said Thomas B. Holt or the increase thereof. To have and to hold the before named enumerated articles of property unto the increase thereof and all the all the appendages thereof to be expended and applied by them as trustee aforesaid for the use comfort & benefit of the said '''[[Gilchrist-1841|Ann Elizabeth]]''' and the said McElroy may suffer said property to remain under the care of the said '''[[Gilchrist-1841|Ann Elizabeth]]''' or otherwise dispose of the same for her benefit. But it is clearly understood that this conveyance is not indebted to operated as a shield or a protection of said property from the payment of any debt or liabilities that have incurred to the spport or comfort of the family of the said T. B. Holt and '''[[Gilchrist-1841|Ann Elizabeth]]''' his wife May 6th 1842
T. B. Holt
Witness
W. G. Hughes
Commonwealth of Kentucky
Union County
Towit
I Willis G. Hughes Deputy clerk for James R. Hughes clerk of the county court for the county and commonwealth aforesaid certify that on this day this Instrument of writing from Thomas B. Holt to Hiram McElroy was produced to me in my office and acknowledged by the said Holt to be his act and deed and the same together with this certificate was duly admitted to record in my office in testimony whereof I have hereunto set my hand this 6th day of May 1842
Willis G. Hughes
Ann Hannaway - sentenced beyond the seas
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Ann Jane Summers
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..I have made several pleasent acquaintances here, among the number a very beautiful girl a Miss Somers, an orphan, her father (tho I dont think it is) has a contract on the railway Mary & Jane & I went to the [97 Bourke St.] waxworks last night, we have been out to places very often & enjoyed ourselves well. [1858-08-15] 15th August 1858.
The weather has been very unsettled during the week. Im still in Melbourne. Mr Somers (Janes father) has a contract on the Railway. I saw him on [ Monday, 9 August 1858.] Monday morning & he asked to work for him at 10/ aday, he has about 30 men at work & only 1 or 2 that know how to blast he only gave the others 9/. aday, well I thought Id try it, so I went to the place it was on the Keilor Plains 14 miles from home. I got up there by 12 & commenced work by 1 Pm, came on to rain, no place to shelter, not a tree or bush for miles was wet through by knock off time, we all boarded in a large calico tent kept by a a Jew. We had to pay 30/- aweek for our board & had the privilege of sleeping in the place. I & the rest were wet through, after supper we made our beds on the floor or ground, it was quite muddy & wet. I laid my coat under me for a mattress. I wrapped myself up in my blankets & was soon asleep, but in the morning I was so stiff, I could hardly rise, four of the others were unable to rise, if a man had an iron constitution it would break in no time. I would not have cared if I could have got some leaves or straw to lie upon however next [Tuesday, 10 August 1858.] morning I went to work most of the men left, couldnt stand it the weather was against us, nothing but showers, got wet through & dry again two or three times during the day, on knocking off & swallowing my tea I went to bed, it was too soft to please me, next [Wednesday, 11 August 1858.]day it rained hard couldnt go to work at all, so on [Thursday, 12 August 1858.] Thursday morning I cut it altogether, about 4 days in the week seem to be a good average for a weeks work. I would have remained longer if I could have been better lodged Somers took up a stretcher & a mattress along with him, but I didnt think it worth while for the job would only last about 3 weeks. I never saw men working under so much difficulty in my life before, in the depth of a wet winter & on plains cold & miserable at anytime, without fire wood & sleeping on damp marshy ground is too much for any man to stand. I arrived home about dinner time not a penny the better for 3½ days misery but a severe cold that I wont get rid of for some time & stiff bones from my soft couch. [Friday, 13 August 1858.]
Friday I knocked about answered two advertisements for a steady responsible young man Etc. but no luck. In the evening Jane & I took a pleasent walk together, went to the Theatre, but came out after the first act, & walked until near 12 oclock. [Saturday 14 August 1858.] Saturday I spent similar to the day before in the evening I went to the Theatre Royal [Theatre Royal: 75 Bourke Street Melbourne.] took my sister & Jane to see the Unequal Match. I would have prefered a nice strool with Jane instead [1858-09-05]
I received a letter from Mother yesterday all well, Jane is living with her, having given up the store on Sunbury, [1858-10-10]
enclosed in the letter was a nice little note from my sister Mary, she is greatly improving in her writing & dictation she is on a visit with Jane Somers at Sunbury 24 miles from Melbourne, [1859-03-06]
I recvd a letter from Mother, all well. Mary is on a visit at Sunbury with Jane Summers. [117 Kerr St, Fitzroy, July 1859]
[1859-07-04 Monday]
My pretty friend Jane Summers came down from Sunbury on Saturday, looking so charming & beautiful, she is one of the prettiest girl I ever met & Im sure Im in love with her, she has any quantity of admirers. I admired her the last time I was in town & had the pleasure of seeing her, but now Im bewitched & have been doing the agreeable & making love ever since, there is some fellow, always following her named Sutherland, Saturday night, Mary & her & myself went into town & met him, we could not get rid of him so at length we proposed going into the Theatre, he paid for 4 Dress Circle tickets. “Azrael the Prodigal” was playd R Heir[ Robert Heir (his wife was actress Fanny Cathcart, and after his death in about 1868, Mrs Darrell)] playd the prodigal, while G.V.Brooke the father & well being one of the grandest things ever brought out in the colony — but I was highly amused at our friend Sutherland, who during one of the intervals went out & brought back with him 4 Bottles of Ginger Beer & a tumbler, also a pocket full of large green pudding apples — I told the girls for heavens sake not to appear to know him, he was quite annoyd, & thought us destitute of taste, the girls were disgusted, & every glass was upon us, for my part I didnt care, but was convulsed with laughter, he knew no better, after it was over, we adjourned to the Cafe de France & had a splendid supper, Roast fowl Etc I stuck to Jane & my sister would not walk with him, yet he is a goodnatured fool, for fool he is, in some respects. Sunday morning I went with her to hear Mr New preach & on getting home we found Sutherland here, he had called during our absence & my mother for fun invited him to dinner, we had seen him coming & had cleared out at the back door while he was at the front. After dinner he had to go away to catch the Sunbury train he had a cab & Jane & Mary & self accompanied him, but as soon as we saw him off we found our way to Princess Bridge, where we hired a sailing boat & went to the Botanical Gardens, a lovely place & being a nice day was crowded by pleasure seekers, we met many we knew, came home by Railway & after tea went to Church, heard some fine singing. In the evening had several visitors some friends of Janes knowing she was down from the country came to see her, my old nurse Mrs Crapper & McDougall were here also – This morning I accompanied Jane for a strool went into town & had our portraits taken which we exchanged with vows of unchanging love, (vows (Im sure that have nothing but a transitory impulse for a foundation) I could never centre my whole thoughts & feelings on one that I feel is a coquette, tho I dont think would ever be a heartless one) that she likes me & the feeling is reciprocal Im sure for the present, yet it will be many months ere I see her again & in that time surrounded by flatterers & admirers she will soon cease to think of me. If not Ill idol -ize her! for she will be a woman in a million I feel now Im sick of town, this time next week Ill be on Bendigo pondering on to day, she took my dear little Brother Charlie with her, he is not well & the country air I trust will do him good. [1859-07-31 Sunday]
Mary has been to a Ball at Sunbury, in company with Jane Summers, & I believe enjoyed herself very well [1859-08-07 Sunday]
(I called at the P.O & received a long letter from Mother & one from Fred all well, no news. Jane Summers is living with them for a while, having left Sunbury. I would like to be at home for a time.) [1859-08-21 Sunday]
I received a letter from Fred on Wednesday, all well, made me quite envious with the account of the places of amusement he has visited, Theatre, Oratories Etc flirting about with Jane Summers [1859-08-28-Sunday]
Jane Summers has got the Refreshment Rooms [The Merry Jig] at the Sunbury Station. Im afraid such an occupation as she is likely to fill will not tend to improve her, girls soon lose their greatest charm (their modesty) in public places such as Hotels, Restaurants Etc — She begs to be kindly remembered Etc to me [1859-09-11]
Jane Summers I like a little, but I feel as if my vanity was the only thing she seemed to affect — I should never go into ecstasies about, her, beautiful as she is. I have her likeness, there is an expression about her features that seem to say, Im beautiful, I know it — I like to be flatered,[ flattered] courted & admired, & will be while I can, boast of a charm. (If thats not her Ill suffer hanging) [1859-09-18]
went into Sandhurst called at Frazers [Fraser the baker] (where I get my letters a/d) found a letter from Fred awaiting me, all well in town. Jane S. has been in town again [1859-09-25] I had a letter from Mother, no news by the late mail from England for us — she is getting very short of money & doesn't know how to make things meet. Jane S. is living with her she left her fathers place — because he married her servant & took possession of her bedroom Etc she is on the look-out for a situation, poor girl Im very sorry for her, she has workd & striven very hard to make money for her father — & now to be the next thing of being turned out of house & home, is really very hard. [1859-10-30]
I received a very affectionate [letter] from Jane Summers & another portrait — I had mine taken here & sent it her in return — she informs me that Hamilton is in town & making havoc with ladies hearts, flirting about every where the little beggar has been telling her of my flirtations here, & she intends being jealous she is living at the [ Owned by Albert Edelman, a shady businessman who bought it cheap, over insured it and had it burnt by his friend Jane witnessed the settting. Edelman married Jane to silence her, other key witnesses disappeared, no one was convicted.]Club Hotel St Kilda & informs me she has any amount of beaus & admirers — what a tantalizer she is, she may have 10,000 for what I care. I dispise coquettes. [1859-10-13]
I received a note from Fred, & one from [ Ann Jane Summers]Jane he writes in anything but respectful terms of Jane — he makes her out to be nothing but a flighty giddy vain, proud coquette — & Im not to think anything more of her — its very little I ever did — it affects me very little. Im sorry she is such a fool — My friend James Hamilton came home up from town & confirmed the report concerning Jane Jim imagines Im in love with the girl, he doesn't know me — I had her portrait on me at the time. I stuck it upon a post & Jim & I made a target of it for stones, we couldnt hit it which so annoyed me that I dashed it on the ground & it broke in a thousand pieces & so ends that affair — [1860-01-08]
[On the occasion of Jim Hamilton's wedding, Melbourne]
I was stiff, tired & sleepey on my arrival at Mother's house the following morning at 6 am & ill prepared to go to a wedding party — I found all very well, tho’ all in bed I was surprised, by seeing J.Summers come into the parlour, she looked so beautiful, I was quite taken aback. I soon recovered myself & was very cool which seemed to hurt her terribly, we had a long conversation together, she told me how her father getting married left her without home Etc, & she was only marrying Edelman for the sake of one. I couldnt but dispise her, a young beautiful girl & so clxx uniting herself to a man so much older [Abert Adelman was then 42 or just 43.] than herself & from what Ive heard of him is a renegade Polish Jew & anything but a man of principle. I went to see Jim about 10 oclock, took Jane with me, found him all right – just married by a Scotch clergyman Mr Odell in the house [Home of the bride, Jeffcott St. West Melbourne.] — ive promised to return there in the afternoon, on our return home Jane told me she would never have been engaged, but she heard I was going to be married to some girl on Bendg now I have heard that she was engaged previous to my acquaintance with Isa I was strangely situated, loving Isa & hearing Jane swearing how dear I was to her Etc, on my arrival home I found my sister Mary just returned from Sunbury where she had been spending a few days on a visit at McDougalls after dinner Mary, Jane & I returned to Jims place. It is needless to relate how we spent the time, as usual upon such occasions very jolly, he had hired a fine large Ball Room at an hotel next door so we had plenty of dancing, singing fun & I believe everyone enjoyed themselves [continued - Bendigo]
I have just heard that Jane is to be married next week to [ Albert Edelman (or “Edelman”, spelled differently when he remarried 1887)]Edelman & feel rather jealous & yet I ought not to be, for she is a girl I never would have married I liked her very much, & perhaps if Id never known Isa King would have loved her, for when I was in town, very little would have made her leave, [ ‘E’ – meaning ??] E, she wanted to come to Bendigo with me & perhaps if I had had the money I should have brought her up a good job I think I had not — for I would have disgraced her & myself too, how affectionate she laid in my arms & showered kisses on me its the thought of those moments that bring a pang of jealousy — well its all over now – our acquaintance was brief I was only in her company a few times & yet was as intimate as if I was living with her for years! (a sensual passion nothing more & the more easy to shake off-) [1860-01-15 Sunday]
There was a PS to her letter for me stating that Jane Summers was married yesterday week to Edelman heaven grant she may be happy, tho I see clouds hovering over her future I know for a fact that he is at this moment an insolvent — & is only marrying her so that she cant give her her evidence in a case of arson — it appears Jane was living at a hotel in St Kilda belonging to him, that was insured very high, she saw him or his *man setting fire to the place, for the sake of the insurance, the trial takes place shortly, & from what I can learn Edelman will lose [Aba Manaska or Manaske was acquitted, as two key witnesses conveniently disappeared before the trial.] the case — & I also hear he has another wife living, & has a family somewhere, so putting one thing to another it doesn't look very bright for her in the future, however she has been warned sufficiently [1860-01-15 Sunday continued] I received a letter from Mother last Monday, all well — enclosed in it was a printed effusion of some rymster the subject being the adventures of the Maid of the Merry Jig -the name of the place Jane Summers lived at for some time on Sunbury, it is a most scandalous thing, enough to shock any virtuous mind to read, bad as Jane is, she doesn't deserve caluminating in such a manner I wonder who composed it, I suppose one of her old rejected suitors — [1860-04-25]
I forgot to state there was a P.S. attached to Freds note informing me that Mr.Edelman had bolted from his creditors & was supposed to have fled to Sydney, leaving Jane penniless, she has returned to Mothers — her usual refuge — [1860-02-26] I met [bakers son] Lockey the Younger on Friday night he had just returned from town called several times at my mothers house saw [Nee Ann Jane Summers.] Mrs Edelman, they had a long chat about me — Lockey knows nothing about our amour — but he gathered from her enough to know how we were situated to each other so I got pretty well riled about her from him [1860-05-17]
Jane is still at Mothers, shes had to pawn her jewellery to pay off debts Etc, since her husband left her a boy arrived from home who states he is his son & that his father, Edelman has been twice divorced, & his wives are still living, they have heard nothing of him since his departure — [1860-05-19]
I wrote a letter to Mother & enclosed £2.0.0 in it, intend posting it on Monday — I told her to advise Jane to get a divorce from her husband, I hear she is very unhappy I did not think such an unholy union could be otherwise. [1860-05-25]
Jane is still with her — but mother dont speak very highly of her, says she lounges about & actually puts out her washing [pays someone (Mrs Silk ?) to do her washing] Etc twelve months ago she wasnt above doing it herself but she wants to be the grand lady, since she has once tasted the sugared cup of idleness & luxury — [1860-06-08]
Ned had recvd a long letter from Mother, all well at home, Edelman had returned very suddenly & had vanished again taking Jane with him. [1860-08-24]
I had the honour of recvg one from my brother Fred, full of matter, but destitute of sense, with the exception of Jane Edelman & her doings — of which he gives me in detail, & his private opinion of Mr E. which is not a very exalted one. [1862-02-23]
I received a long letter from Mother .... she has had a letter from Jane Summers (I still call Summers for I cant think she is entitled to that of Edelman) she is at present in London, after being in California residing in the States says she is very happy. [1865-07-02]
Last Sunday night I went to hear Isaac New preach in the [ Miss Stone’s church, she is (or will be) their soprano singer.]Baptist Chapel Albert St. he is an eloquent preacher & a clever scholar. I was greatly interested in his lecture, for it was nothing else, being a refutation of Colenso’s Work on the Pentateuch. I could not help thinking of the last time that I was in the place years ago in company with Jane Summers, where is she now! [1867-06-13]
Thursday night, staid at home - The Davies & Tom Grimwood being as thick as possible. Alf & Jim Ballantyne were here - & also an old friend of our family from Echuca [Fred Watmuff printed a book for Henry Edelman in 1871, entitled “School History of Peter the Great, Czar of Russia”] Henry Edelman (a Pole) & son of that Edelman who married my old flame, of old langsyne, Jane Summers - he is a fine clever intelligent young fellow & will be a leading man some time, being a very different character from his father - who is at present in Europe.
Ann Richards Family Mystery
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Ann T Carey Will Transcription
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I want my negro man '''[[Carey-7610|Jourdan]]''' and my negro woman '''[[Carey-7613|Marthy]]''' sold and after all my debts and the legacies are paid to my children viz, '''John E. Carey''', '''Alfred T. Carey''', '''James W. Carey''', '''James M. Jennings''' and his wife '''Rachel M Jennings''', '''Daniel L. Jennings''' and his wife '''Elza S. Jennings''', and '''Benjamin Johnson''' acting guardian for '''[[Carey-7614|Fanny F Carey]]''', Then my balance that may be left after paying said legacies In and equally divided as follows between '''F. E. Carey''', '''A. T. Carey''', '''J. W. Carey''', '''J. M. Jennings''' and wife '''Beatrice Eliza Jennings'''. I want all my negroes hired out for one year or longer if my executor should think it would be to the interest of my children. I wish my brother '''[[Finnie-493|James W. Finnie]]''' to be my executor to carry the ??? of my will. I wish the property here given to '''Beatrice Ella Jennings''' to put in the hands of '''Nicholas W. Carey''' as trustee for '''B. E. Jennings'''. If he should not act then I make '''[[Finnie-493|James W. Finnie]]''' trustee for her. What personal property I may have I give to my daughter '''[[Carey-7614|Fanny F. Carey]]''' who is to support my old negro woman '''[[Carey-7605|Anne]]''' completely as long as she lives.
Witness my hand and seal this tenth day of July 1851. '''[[Finnie-494|Ann T. Carey]]'''.
Attaway Finnie, Bettie Phillips
Kentucky Union County Court August term 1851 this last will and testament of '''[[Finnie-494|Ann T. Carey]]''' dec was this day produced in open court and proven as such by Attanay Finnie & Bettie Phillips and ordered to be recorded which is then accordingly done. Jeff Brown clk. Union County Court. == Sources ==
Anna (Coetzee) Geertsema familienotas / family notes
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Anna Catharina Jans Dotters silverdosa
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Anna Frasers Will
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Anna Howe Whitteker Letter Published in the Emancipator 1847
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Anna Josephine Steinriede / John Irwin Elopement Scandal 1885
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Anna Larsdotter in the global tree
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Anna Lovisa (Person) Hedberg Family Mysteries
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Anna Maria Island, Florida
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Anna Mccarthy
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Anna Traphagen Lemgo
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''„In 2006 I hired a researcher to visit Lemgo and check records in the Stadtarchiv Lemgo for the Traphagen family. He found many records including the Sammlung Plöger which has some extracted records for early Lemgo families including Traphagen and Brandt. Below is what he wrote in his research report. For [[Traphagen-58|Anna Traphagen]], most of this comes from the Sammlung Plöger. I have copies of the original Sammlung in German but his report was in English.“ '' [[Traphagen-58|Anna Traphagen]] (* about 1589/90), I did not find any records for her after 1650.
oo1 Eggert Ruschenbusch
Son of the coppersmith Johann Ruschenbusch (* about 1560, + before 8 May 1634). Johann Ruschenbusch was married twice with Anna Pott and Annecke Stuckmann (* about 1562, she was Johann`s wife in 1622), it is not clear which wife was the mother of Eggert. Eggert Ruschenbusch became a Lemgo citizen on 17 March 1612, he died before May 27, 1617.
1616 (Ratswahl - Schmiedeamt) – Rentmeister (teasurer) of the smith guild Eyert (Ruschenbuch), coppersmith.
1616, April 25 (Sen. Prot.) – Eggert Ruschenbusch vouches (stands surety) for his father Johann.
1617, May 27 (Sen. Prot.) – [[Traphagen-58|Widow]] of Eggert “Kupferschmieds” vs. the smith guild.
1617, October 23 (Sen. Prot.) – master Johann Ruschenbusch and his daughter-in-law, widow Ruschenbusch were cited to the town hall.
1618, August 19 (Sen. Prot.) – [[Traphagen-58|Widow]] of Eggert Ruschenbusch vs. master Johann Ruschenbusch and Berndt Schoef. 1626, May 9 (Guardian minutes) – Johannes Trophagen and Adolfus Hollenhagen became guardians („Vormund“) of the children of the deceased Eggert Ruschenbusch, Jürgen and Ilsabein.
1635, August 7 (W 17) – The widower Dietrich Weege wants to marry the daughter of the decased Eggert Ruschenbusch, Ilsabein, but she refuses. She is expecting some (money, property) from the inheritance of the Protts in Bielefeld.
1635, November 24 (W 17 – Court Records) – [[Traphagen-58|Anna Kupferschmidtsche]] (coppersmith wife) says that she is 45 or 46 years old, Ilse Ruschenbusch is her legitimate daughter.
1651, June 11 (Sen. Prot.) – Ruschenbusch`s heirs demand for 200 Taler from their parents` house, which had been bought by the deceased Johann Hoping and which now (1651) was sold to Peinhorst.
1662, October 28 (Sen. Prot.) – the coppersmith Christoph Wellmann and his sister, Balthasar Bitter`s wife and their halfbrother Jürgen Ruschenbusch in Bielefeld were mentioned.
Children:Ilsabein (Ilse), mentioned in 1635 (see above)
Jürgen, lived in Bielefeld in 1662 (see above).
oo2 October 1617 coppersmith [[Welmers-6|Johann Wellman]] (died before April 6, 1641).
[[Welmers-6|Johann Wellman]] or [[Welmers-6|Johann Welmer]] was born about 1588/89 and came from Itzehoe (Holstein). As Eggert Ruschenbusch he was a coppersmith and as the first husband of [[Traphagen-58|Anna Trophagen]]. He was simply listed as [[Welmers-6|Johann „Kupferschmied“]] in some records. [[Welmers-6|Johann]] died before 6 April 1641.
1617, October 12 (Kämmereirechnung) – [[Welmers-6|Johann Wellman]] from Itzehoe, who wants to marry Eyert Ruschenbusch`s [[Traphagen-58|widow]], payed „Ein. Geld” (inhabitant money/fee).________________________________________
1617, November 4 – [[Welmers-6|Johann Wellmers]] from Itzehoe should present his birth certificate and should pay the citizen fee before the wedding. [[Traphagen-47|Johannes Trophagen]], Christoph Grathaus and Berndt Schoef appear as witnesses for him.
1619, May 11 (Kämmereirechnung) – the coppersmith [[Welmers-6|Johann Wellman]] appears as a sponsor/godfather for Heinrich Rullmann`s family.
1620, October 6 (Kämmereirechnung) –[[Welmers-6|Johann Wellman]] has repaired the widows of the teacher („Schulmeister“) Andreas Kleinen.
1622 (Ratswahl – Tröger Bauerschaft) – [[Welmers-6|Joh. Wellman]], Feuerherr.
1624, June 10 (Marriage Contract) – [[Welmers-6|Johann Wellman]] appears as a witness for the bride Anna Schnakenbroch.
1627 (Ratswahl – goldsmith guild) – [[Welmers-6|Johann Wellman]], Rentmeister.
1627, August 29 (Sen. Prot.) – [[Welmers-6|Johann Welmer]], coppersmith vs. Henrich Bredemeier (debits).
1627, October 25 (Sen. Prot.) – master [[Welmers-6|Johann Wellman]] applies for the work at the „Braupfanne“ (brewery).
1633 (Ratswahl – smith guild) – [[Welmers-6|Johann Wellman]] , coppersmith, Rentmeister (treasurer).
1633, July 23 (guardian minutes) – [[Welmers-6|Johann Wellman]] , coppersmith becomes guardian for Jürgen Lesemann`s children.
1635, March 20 (Sen. Prot.) – a weight was found as too light at [[Welmers-6|Johann Wellman]].
1635, November 24 (W 17) – master [[Welmers-6|Johann Welmans]], coppersmith, says that he is 46 or 47 years old and the step-father of Ilsabein Ruschenbusch.
1637, February 23 (Guardian Minutes) – master [[Welmers-6|Johann Welmanns]], coppersmith, becomes guardian („Vormund“) of the son of the deceased Hermann Saurmann.
1639, 4th quarter of the year („Kämmereirechnung“) – [[Welmers-6|Johann Wellman]] has repaired a pan (probably a brewery pan/bew kettle meant here).1640, January 30 (Sen. Prot.) – [[Welmers-6|Johann Welmers]], goldsmith is taken to court by Heinrich Heßloe in Heßloe because of debits.
1641, April 6 (Sen. Prot.) – [[Welmers-6|Johann Welmer]] is mentioned as deceased.
1644, April 2 (Sen. Prot.) – the [[Traphagen-58|widow]] of [[Welmers-6|Johann Welman]] is taken to court because of debits.
1645, April 16 (Marriage Contracts, No. 46) – [[Traphagen-58|Anna Trophagen]], the widow of [[Welmers-6|Joh. Wellman]] has made an agreement with the husband of her deceased daughter Catharine, Cordt Seelemeyer. She handed over the “Gerade” to him for 80 Taler. Her sons Christoph and Johannes, „Artis pharm.“ (skilled druggist) signed this agreement.
1647, October 22 (Birth Certificate, No. 60) – certificate for [[Wellms-1|Joh. „Trophagen“]][2], druggist in Aurich, parents: the deceased [[Welmers-6|Johann Welmers]] and [[Traphagen-58|Anna Trophagen]]. Witnesses: Henrich Godecke, Henrich Kemper and Hermann Voß.
1650, November 2 (Sen. Prot.) – the [[Traphagen-58|widow]] of [[Welmers-6|Johann Wellman]], nee [[Traphagen-58|Trophagen]], is making an agreement/contract with Jacob Trophagen in Detmold.
1655, June 20 (Sen. Prot.) – the house of the deceased [[Welmers-6|Johann Wellmer]] in the Echternstrasse was bought by Hans Evers for 30 Taler. After the term ruined was used here it seems to be probable that the house was not in the best condition – which surely would fit in to the low price.
1661, March 4 (City Court) – Christoph Welmers had a brother [[Wellms-1|Johann]] in 1637, who now lives in Frisia.
1661, May 8 (Guardian Minutes) – Christoph Welmer becomes guardian („Vormund“) of Elisabeth, daughter of the deceased Cordt Borchmeyer.
1662, December 9 (T 136) – Christoph Welmers, coppersmith, and his brother-in-law Balthasar Bitter are mentioned.
1665, April 4 (Sen. Prot.) – Christoph Welmer applies for the duty of the manager („Hofmeister“) of the former monastery Bruderkloster.
1674, March 10 (Sen. Prot.) – Cordt Seelemeiers heirs demanding from Welmer`s heirs.
Children:[[Wellms-1|Johann]], druggist in Aurich (Frisia), birth certificate of 22 October 1647.
Christoph, coppersmith, Lemgo citizen from 23 September 1642.
Anna-Elisabeth, married with Balthasar Bitter[3].
Catharina, married with Cordt Seelemeier, buried before 16 April 1645.
[2] The name is listed this way in the Plöger collection. I think [[Wellms-1|Johannes Wellms]] should be correct here.
[3] Baltzer (Bartholomäus) Bitter was a Lemgo citizen from September 9, 1648 on. In 1648 he married Anne Elisabeth Wellmann, daughter of [[Welmers-6|Johann Wellman]]. Baltzer was a Lemgo Ratsherr in 1683. On February 10, 1684 he was buried. His widow Anna-Elisabeth was buried in Lemgo on November 18, 1688. Data from the Plöger collection.
Anna Winge-Breen To-Do List
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ANNADAGBOG
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Dokumenter-8.pdf
Anna Marie Madsen født 13/2 1904
Niels Peder Jensen Frank født 18/1 1899
Mødtes første gang 7-7-27
Indgaaet Ægteskab Skærtorsdag den 17-4-30
Faaet vor Førstefødte d. 30-3-31
Vor Søn døbt Pinsedag d. 24-5-31
Hedder: Preben Frank '''Ikke dateret'''. Lille Preben havde sin Oldemoders Daabskjole paa. 75 Aar gammel, Mormor og jeg har ogsaa været baaret i den. Moster Agnes bar ham, jeg stod ved Siden, Mormor og Morfar og Onkel Eskær var Faddere. {{Image|file=Frank-2716-3.jpg |size=l |caption=Anna og Peder med Preben
ved Prebens barnedåb.
Værslev skole 24. maj 1931 }} Prebens første store Rejse var den 3 Juni 1931 til Stevns at besøge sin Farmor og Farfar. Han var en god Dreng; men hans lille Kusine Frida var saa slem ved ham fordi lille Preben havde laant hendes vogn, hun sagde "Da-da-da Fætter min Vogn" og imedens vi andre var gaaet fra ham, havde hun begyndt at overfalde, det lille Menneske, revet dynerne af ham, og stod og rev ham. Lille Preben stak i at tude paa Gevalt, heldigvis for ham, at vi saa hørte ham og kom at redde ham og lidt senere stod hun og dunkede ham i Hovedet med sin egen Sutteflaske og saa tog hun lille Prebens narresut og løb ud i Haven og suttede paa, Da-da-da Fætter. '''Grundlovsdag 1931'''. Været i Skoven med alle Børnene. Vejret godt. Lille Preben har været god. Kørt hjem i Bernhard Larsens Lastbil. '''Den 14. Juni'''. Daugaards inviterede os paa Biltur til Skarridsø. Aftensmaden med. Lille Preben ligget nede ved Søen men skyggerne var saa frygtelige ''ulæseligt'' min elskede lille, var noget af det sødeste paa hele Turen. Pragtfuld Dag, Vejret straalende. '''24. Juni'''. Lille Preben er noget af det kæreste, man kan tænke sig, han sover ikke mere hele dagen; men ligger stille og sludre og smiler og lege med sin smaa yndige Fingre. Pragtfuldt Barn. Jeg elsker den Dreng. '''25. Juni'''. Lille Preben med paa Udflugt til Jyderup. Turen foregik ellers med Hestekøretøj; men Hr og Fru Daugaard tilbød at køre for Drengen (?) og jeg og vi havde en dejlig dag og Vejret var pragtfuldt. Lille Preben ''ulæseligt'' og god paa hele Turen. Bernhard Larsen tog Barnevognen med i Lastbilen. Saa det var rigtigt en vellykket Dag. '''30. Juni'''. I Dag er lille Preben 3 Md og i Dag lo han højt første gang. Vidunderligt Barn og sovet hele natten til Kl 5 om Morgenen. '''2. Juli'''. Lille Preben ude at blive fotograferet; Meget fin. Hvidt Silketøj og laksko, hvid Trøje og Hue. Daugaards kørt for os. Preben for første gang været rigtig snøvlet (?), men det paa grund af Træthed, han er jo ikke vant til at blive tumlet med, og saa svigtede Brystet ogsaa paa denne Dag, det begynder desværre at knibe lidt. Men nu maa vi jo haabe paa det bedste Resultat af Billederne. Helt igennem Tyge Brahes dag. Først det ''ulæseligt'' hos Fotografen og det varede frygteligt længe, og da vi endeligt skulle hjem tabte vor Fader en Taske med Værdier til ca. 90 kr., og saa igen venter en længe medens Søgningen blev iværksat, men forgæves. Men senere blev det saa meldt at det var funden og saa tog vor Fader derind igen kl. 8 aften og vi skulle til Selskab hos Daugaards men heldigvis var alt i godt Behold; Taske og Dagen reddet. Lille Preben sovet hele Aftenen men hos Daugaards. {{Image|file=Frank-2716-12.jpg |caption=Anna og Preben hos fotografen |size=l }} '''22. Juli'''. I dag har vi faaet Billederne, de er efter Omstændighederne, udmærket. Nu bliver lille Preben mere og mere morsom for hver Dag der gaar, han ler rigtigt højt og sludrer løs og raaber han ogsaa højt, den lille Skat. Gye (?) og Te (?) er han meste Snak. '''1. August'''. Lille Prebens første store udenlandsrejse fra Værslev til Fyn. Rejsen forløb udemærket, Lille Preben og jeg rejste alene, da vores fader skulde på Kursus i København. Lille Preben sov ikke hele Vejen, men laa og kiggede sig interesseret omkring og græd slet ikke på hele Rejsen og Rejsen tog paa grund af Forsinkelse, 6 Timer. Stor Glæde hos Mormor og Morfar. '''18. August'''. I Dag har lille Preben været i Snestrup(?) med Mormor og var saa fin i hvidt Silketøj, men saa gik det jo galt med Silkebukserne; og lille Preben var ikke i godt Humør før han var hjemme hos Mormor igen. '''19. August'''. Lille Preben saa ualmindelig god og sød, Mormor og Morfar og Moster forguder den Unge. Været ovre hos Oldemoder og bleven fotograferet, 4 Generationer. Meget morsomt for lille Preben naar han bliver stor og saa se sin Oldemoder. {{Image|file=Frank-2716-13.jpg |size=l |caption=4 generation i sommerferien 1931.
Morfar Mads Madsen, oldemor , Anna og Preben }} '''24. August'''. Afrejse fra Fyn, lille Preben god paa hele Turen, som gik saa let, men vi havde(?) vores lille Fader med. '''30. August'''. I Dag er min elskede lille Søn 5 Md, og han rejser sig og sludrer saa meget nu, han er en pragtfuld Unge. Vi elsker ham og han er stadig en lige god Dreng. '''7. September'''. I Dag har lille Drengen været inde at se Lysbilleder i Skolestuen og han var rigtig interesseret. Pragtfuld Dreng, hvor jeg dog elsker den Unge. Endnu til Dags Dato har vi aldrig hørt ham om natten, sover til Kl er halv 6 a 6 hver eneste Morgen. Han er begyndt at spytte saa utroligt meget, jeg tror snart Tænderne er i Anmarch. '''14. September'''. Fra 1/9 har Preben begyndt at faa Mælk fra P.A. og faar saa Havresuppe med Mælk og Semulevælling og en banan hver Dag og siden vi har begyndt med det har han den mest pragtfulde og regemæssige Mave og hans Velbefindende er upaaklageligt; ualmindelig skikkelig og god Dreng. I Gaar Eftermiddags var han en Tur nede at besøge Rasmus Madsens. '''18. September'''. Lille gode Preben været med hos Maler Jacobsen og sov hele Tiden, Han har desuden faaet lidt Udslet paa Halsen, stammer fra Tænderne, har faaet Salve og Pudder fra Doktor Friis, og det er Gudskelov allerede i Bedring. '''30. September'''. I Dag er Lille Preben et halvt Aar, Vejret er pragtfuldt, men det vel ogsaa et pragtfuldt Barn. I Dag har han faaet Øllebrød til Middag, nu faar han ikke Bryst mere end 1 Gang om Morgenen naar han vaagner. Han faar eller Havresuppe og Semule vælling og Banan og han har maven i den skønneste Orden og som Følge deraf i allerbedste Velgaaende.Han bliver ogsaa en mægtig stor og kraftig Gut. Vi har ellers fejret Dagen med Chokolade og lille Drengen spiste et lille Stykke, det holdt han maget af det lille Menneske, men den Slags Ting skal han jo ellers ikke have meget af, men han skulde jo mærke at det var Fødselsdag.Han er stadig saa god som Dagen er lang, et enestaaende Barn er min elskede søn. Nu sidder han helt op i Vognen og naar han spiser tager han Flasken imellem sine hænder og holder den selv medens han spiser, et gevaldigt say. P.S. Drengen vejer 16 pd. '''29. Oktober'''. I Dag er Drengens lille første Tand kommen igennem, stor Glæde og han har ikke været urolig eller i anden Grad haft ondt, saa det bliver Gudskelov ikke saa slemt at faa Tænder. Drengen vejer ca 17 1/2 pd., en dejlig stor og kraftig Dreng. '''30. Oktober'''. I dag er lille Preben saa 7 md. '''17. November'''. I Dag har lille Preben været med Mormor og jeg ude på Sygehuset at se til vor lille Fader, som desværre henligger derude for mavesaar, men det er Gudskelov bedre med ham, men vor lille Fader ligger paa streng Diæt, har ikke faaet andet end Æggemælk(?) i 5 dage og nu skal han have Semulevælling i 5 dage og saa Havresuppe i 5 dage og saa 5 Dage almindelig Kost og saa haaber vi at faa lille far hjem igen. Lille Drengen har nu ellers 2 store Tænder og de øverste bryder vældigt i det, men Trods det, er han stadig en lille god Dreng, sover Hele Natten fra 6 Aften til 6 a 7 Morgen. Lille Preben kunne ikke rigtig kende sin Fader i Dag, men nu er det saa ogsaa 14 Dage siden, at han ikke har set ham. Lille Busser var ellers fin i Dag han havde jo faaet hvid Fløjelsfrakke og lille Pelshue. Daugaards kørte for os; lille Preben vejer ca. 18 1/2 pd. pragtfuld lille Unge; Mormor er han saa ualmindeligt glad for, nu hun passer ham mere end jeg og han er snart mere glad form Mormor en sin egen Mor; det er jeg jo ikke stolt af, men det bliver nok bedre naar jeg igen faar Fader hjem, saa jeg er hjemme ved ham altid igen. '''16/12''' I Dag er den første lille Overtand brudt igennem og flere er paa Vej og den elskede lille Unge er da Trods Tænder, den mest elskelige lille Unge. Han svanede Mormor saa skrækkeligt de første Dage efter at hun var rejst, at han helt var tavs, og han er jo ellers saa fuld af Spøg og Morskab. Nu rejser han sig ogsaa helt op i Sengen, saa nu maa han have sele paa, og det har han maattet de sidste otte dage. '''27 December'''. Ja nu fik vi saa Julen overstaaet, Og vi havde en hyggelig og dejlig Juleaften. Lille Prebmand var oppe at se Juletræet tændt og det var han jo meget interesseret i, og han var saa sød og god hele Aftenen og han fik saa af sin Fader i Julegave, et Legebord og en Gummidukke og af mig fik han et lille yndigt Sæt Tøj og saa sine første Støvler. Anden juledag var lilledrengen med til Børnenes Juletræ i Forsamlingshuset, ja det vil sige at han var klædt af og sov i sin Vogn hele Aftenen. Ja han er en enestående god lille Dreng og i Dag har vis saa været lidt trætte oven paa Gaardsdagens Anstrengelser; men vi gik saa en Tur i Eftermiddag og traf saa Sadelmagerens og var saa inde at faa Kaffen. I Dag har lille Busser faaet en Tand mere i Overmunden. Han er nu saa stor og sød en Dreng, han vokser saa godt og han er saa morsom og han staar helt stift og ret nu. Nu bliver der jo stadig nyt med ham hver Dag. '''Nytårsaften'''. I Dag har lille Drengen faaet 1 tand mere igennem i Undermunden, nu har han to forneden og 2 foroven. Nytaars aften Kl. 23,30 vaagnede lille Busser og kom saa ind i Stuen og ønskede fader og Moder "Glædeligt Nytaar", og da det nye Aar var gaaet ind gik vi saa i Seng alle 3 og sov længe Nytaarsmorgen. Lille Drengen er stadig lige god en Dreng, vi elsker den lille Unge. Nu haaber vi og beder til at det nye Aar maa bringe os Lykke og Velsignelse, for Tiderne er jo daarlige og godt ser det jo ikke ud i Øjeblikket, men Gud bedre det. '''7. Januar 1932'''. I Dag har lille Preben faaet sin sjette Tand igennem, og 2 mere er lige på Nippet til at komme frem; men han er saamænd saa god og taalmodig, den kære lille Unge. '''19. Jan'''. I dag er lille Busser forkølet, 39,4 om Aftenen, sovet noget uroligt om Natten. Ja, Gud bedre det med ham. '''20. Jan'''. Doktor Fris været her, det er Gudskelov ikke alvorligt. Har faaet et feberstillende Middel og for Hosten. Lille Busser ligger i Sengen og er saa taalmodig og sød, den elskede lille Unge. '''21'''. Gudskelov meget bedre med lille Busser nu, næsten feberfri. '''22/1'''. I Aften skulde vi have været til Selskab hos Tømmerens; men jeg blev hjemme hos min kære Dreng. Temperaturen er 37,9 og den 7 Tand er brudt igennem. '''23/1'''. I Dag er feberen paa 37,7; men lille Busser er meget mere kvik i Dag, saa nu er forhaabentligt det værste ovre. '''24'''. I Dag er vor kære lille Dreng feberfri og rigtigt i sit Es igen. Gud være lovet for det. '''26/1-32'''. I Dag er det et pragtfuldt Vejr, og lille Busser var saa ude at køre en Tur for første gang efter Forkølelsen, og var henrykt over at komme ud igen. Han er jo ellers vant til at være ude hver Dag, Trods al Slags Vejr og Vind og har jo da heller aldrig været forlølet før, men jeg tror at han havde faaet det, fordi vi havde været en Del til Selskaber i den sidste Tid og det har i lange Tider, været et grimt taaget Vejr. Men Gudske Lov at han er godt over det. '''28/1'''. I Aften skal vi til Selskab hos Daugaards. Nu begynder lille Preben at sige Mama og Ba-ba og rigtig rent Ja-a; men jeg er ikke rigtig sikker paa; om det er helt bevidst, han er en henrivende unge. '''29/1'''. I Dag er det Mormors Fødselsdag og i den Anledning har lille Busser, som Tak for at Mormor har været saa sød at passe ham saa meget, sendt hende en fin broderet Knivmappe(?). '''30/1'''. I Dag er lille Busser 10 Md; men i Dag har den kære lille Unge faaet daarlige Øjne. Han kan slet ikke lukket dem op naar han har sovet lidt. Det maa jo være Forkølelsen der ikke helt er gaaet bort endnu. '''31/1'''. I Dag er det desværre dårligere med Bussers Øjne og vi maatte ringe efter Læge. Doktor Fris var uheldigvis ikke hjemme og vi maatte have Doktor Vraae(?) fra Viskinde; men det var Gudskelov ikke noget farligt, det var Forkølelsen der var sat sig i Øjnene og vi fik saa noget at dryppe dem med og skulde saa bade dem med Kamillethe. Ja nu har vi jo faaet Faster Frida til Hjælp i Huset og Busser er nu saa glad for hende. '''1/2'''. I Dag er der Gudskelov synlig Bedring. '''2/2'''. Nu er det lidt bedre; men han var en Del urolig om Natten og jeg tror ogsaa at der er en tand mere i Anmarch. '''3/2'''. I Dag er Busser næsten feberfri og har det ikke saa lidt bedre. '''4/2'''. I Dag er vores elskede lille Dreng feberfri, saa nu haaber vi og beder til, at det nu stadig maa gaa fremad og at han helt kan blive sig selv igen. '''2/3'''. I dag er den 8dende Tand kommen ogennem og den kære lille Unge bliver saa stor og han sludrer nu løs hele dagen, han siger Mor og Mama og Baba , Bar(?) til sin fader og har ogsaa begyndt at sige Moa. Og han staar ogsaa godt nu. ja det er da det skønneste man kan opleve her på Jorden, at blive velsignet med saadan en køn lille Skabning. '''7. Marts'''. Nu rejser Preben sig op alle Vegne og gaar rundt med Støtte og naar han vil op siger han opba. Han er nu en dejlig Unge. '''30. Marts'''. I Dag er lille Preben saa et Aar. Men han gaar ikke alene, men løber jo i ''ulæseligt'' med Legebordet og Stolene og han har ellers kun ''ulæseligt'' Vejret har været lidt kedeligt med lidt Regn af og til. Og vor lille Fader ligger jo desværre i Sengen af Influenza; men er Gudskelov i Bedring nu. Af gaver kan nævnes Mormor og Morfar et sæt Tøj og en Pyjamas af Gudmoster en Legedragt af sin fader en Legedragt af moder en lille Spand og Skovl af lille Inge Daugaard en Kop og Hr og Fru Daugaard Appelsiner. Og saa var her Konfirmanderne og lille Inge til Chokolade, saa lidt Selskab havde han da. Mormor og Morfar kunde jo desværre ikke naa at faa Fødselsdagen med, de har jo ellers været her oppe hele Paasken og Busser var saa uendelig glad for dem. Ja saa svandt det første Aar, det har været et godt og lykkeligt Aar og Gud give at man kan sige det om Aarene som kommer. '''7. April'''. Lille Preben er saa sød og han sludrer saa meget nu og han har hørt de andre kalde mig Anna og han kalder nu sin Mor rask væk for Anna og han er nu lige paa nippet til at slaa sig løs og gaa alene, han er blevet ikke saa lidt, mere modig. Han er alle Vegne med Lynets hastighed. Det er en vanskelig Tid nu med at passe ham. Frida kalder han en da-da. '''8. April'''. Tænk i dag gik min elskede lille Dreng sine første Skridt alene. I Dag har jeg lavet Billeder af vor kære lille Søn. Og de er rigtig vellykkede. ==Dagbog nr. 2: 21. maj 1932 til juledag 1932== '''21. maj 1932'''. Ja nu begynder lille Preben raskt at løbe rundt der er så morsomt. Han har jo gået længe, men har jo gerne villet haft lidt at støtte sig til. '''30. maj'''. Rejst til Fyn til Gudmosters Bryllup. Rejsen forløb ualmindeligt godt. Preben var enestående god og han morede sig godt af turen. '''3. juni'''. Gudmoster har i Dag Bryllup. Festen forløb godt. Lille Preben morede kolossalt. Jeg havde været lidt bange for at han ikke kunne lide så mange Mennesker; men han nød ligefrem den store Festlighed han er et helt lille selskabsmenneske. {{Image|file=Madsen-1558-3.jpg |caption=Preben med brudeparret
Agnes Madsen og Jørgen Eskjær |size=l }} '''5. juni'''. I Dag er vi rejst til Værslev igen. Rejsen forløb udmærket. Preben nød rigtig Rejsen. '''7. juni'''. Lille Busser løber nu rigtigt modigt omkring, og han leger nu rigtigt med Børnene. '''20. juni'''. I Dag har Skolen haft Udflugt til Asnæs Skov. Og lille Preben var med, der var mange Hestekøretøjer og flere Biler, Preben og jeg kørte med hr. og Fru Daugaard. Dagen var vellykket; Vejret dejligt Og vi var også ude at bese et stort engelsk Krigsskib ”Rodnay”. Interessant; Har kostet 140 Millioner at bygge. Lille Preben var saa sød på hele Turen, han nød den rigtig, det kære lille Puds. Han bliver en stor, kraftig Dreng. '''1. august'''. Nu har vi fået Ferie og i Dag er vi så rejst til Fyn, hjem til mormor og Morfar. Rejsen forløb udmærket. Preben morede sig godt på Rejsen og nød det rigtigt. '''7. august'''. I Dag tog vi en Tur over til Langeland at besøge Moster Estrid. Peder og jeg cyklede derover. Lille Preben rejste med Toget sammen med Mormor og Morfar. Busser elsker at være på Fyn, han elsker Morfar og dem alle, og Dyrene nyder han rigtigt at lege med og se paa. Rejsen til Skrøbelev forløb godt, og Preben er glad for at lege med de smaa Kusiner Inge og Ruth. '''8. august'''. I Dag har vi cyklet til Spodsbjerg for at bade, vi har det pragtfuldt over hos Moster. {{Image|file=ANNADAGBOG-2.jpg |caption=Preben med kusinerne Inge og Ruth
Langeland 8.august 1932 |size=l }} '''9. august'''. Rejst hjem fra Langeland. Preben rejst sammen med Mormor. Peder og jeg havde strenge Tur hjem med slem Modvind. '''20. august'''. Fader rejst hjem til Værslev igen, for at synge i Kirken. '''22. august'''. I Dag må Busser og jeg desværre forlade Fyn og rejse over til Farmor og farfar. Rejsen gik godt. '''27. august'''. Ja, nu skal vi i Dag hjem til Værslev og Ferien er desværre forbi for i Aar. Jeg har ellers været syg af halsbetændelse i den Tid vi var på Stevns og Busser havde ondt for Tænder. Rejsen hjem forløb godt. Og det er dejligt at være hjemme igen; men Preben savner jo alle Dyrene og alt det spændende der er ved Landbruget. '''10. september'''. Lille Busser har desværre faaet noget Hoste og Snue; men det er vist for Tænder, nu har han 10 Tænder og flere der byder paa. Lille Busser er ellers meget morsom nu, han begynder rigtigt at sludre, han vil sige alting efter; men nu begynder det desværre at blive koldt, saa det kniber forfærdeligt, nu han ikke kan være ude hele Dagen. Han elsker jo at gaa ude rigtig at rode. Peder har købt en Fodbold til Børnene og den er lille Busser rigtig glad for. '''14. september'''. I Dag har vi gjort den Opdagelse at den 11te Kindtand er kommen igennem og næsten er fremme inden mange Dage, det gaar Gudskelov godt med at faa Tænderne igennem, uden alt for store Kvaler. '''17. september'''. I Dag er der en Hjørnetand tittet frem og vi var hos Doktor Friis med ham, vi var lidt bange for at dem kære lille Unge, skulle have brok, hvilket viste sig var ubegrundet. Og gudskelov at det ikke var Tilfældet. Hvor er han dog ellers en morsom Dreng, han siger alting efter so nu og han siger snart meget det kære lille Menneske. Det er dog en stor Velsignelse med saadan et velskabt og velbegavet Barn. '''30. september'''. I Dag er lille Preben 1 ½ Aar. Fru Daugaard var oppe at drikke Chokolade i Dagens Anledning. Lille Preben har nu lært hver aften at folde de smaa Hænder til Andagt. Og ligesaa snart at jeg har lagt ham, kommer han med de smaa Hænder. Et yndigt Syn. '''30. oktober'''. Ja i Dag er vor kære Søn, så 19 Md. Han er bleven saa stor og morsom; han spiser selv nu og der er snart ikke den Ting han ikke siger. En interessant Tid; men vanskelig Tid fordi han vil være med alle Vegne. '''7. november'''. I Dag har busser rigtig lavet Middagsmad, tænk jeg havde lige kogt en dejlig Gryde Hyldebærsuppe, nok til 2 Dage, da det er vor Faders Livret. Og Peder havde lige siddet og glædet sig til den, da Busser i det samme lukker Ovnslugen ned og op i en Fart, og kommer en Dunk Brasso op i Suppen, og ødelagt var den Middagsmad, man skal aldrig glæde sig for tidligt. Ja han er en rask Gut, den samme Lille Preben. Den gamle Præst sagde forleden Aften vi havde selskab, at det var et ualmindeligt intelligent Barn at se i den Alder. Hvilket jo glædede et Moderhjerte at høre og videre sagde han at det Barn skulde vi snart faa glæde af, for han saa hjertensgod ud, hvilket vi jo da inderligt haaber og hver Dag beder til. '''15. december'''. I Dag har der været Radioudsendelse fra Værslev, det var jo en stor Dag for vor lille By. Men lille Preben er desværre daarlig og har Feber. '''16. december'''. Busser meget syg om Natten, jeg turde ikke etage Temperaturen hvilket ogsaa jeg var glad vi ikke gjorde, for om Morgenen Kl. 6 tog jeg den og da var han synlig bedre tilpas og da var den 40 gr. Og jeg fik ringet til Lægen og han konstaterede Strubehoste. '''17. december'''. I dag er det gudskelov bedre med vor lille Søn. '''18. december'''. Preben desværre daarligere igen, forfærdelig Åndenød om Natten, streng at høre paa for en Mor. '''20. december'''. Bubber meget sløj, det kære lille Puds. '''21. december'''. Haft Doktor igen, meget svær Strubehoste. '''23. december'''. Lille Busser er nu begyndt at blive bedre; men pludselig fik han høj Feber igen og Doktoren kom; men Gud være lovet, var der ikke stødt noget til. '''Juleaften'''. I Dag er lille Bubber; som han selv kalder sig, han siger for resten alting nu, den kære Dreng, heldigvis bedre. Om aftenen var han lidt oppe og var meget interesseret i Juletræet; men Mad vil han ikke have, han har bogstaveligt talt, ikke rørt Mad i over 8 Dage fra han blev syg; selv det han allermest holder (af) saa som Chokolade og Appelsiner og Æg o.s.v., intet frister ham. I Julegave fik han mange Ting. Af Fader et Sæt fint Tøj, Laksko og Strømper af Moder et fin Luksusbil, Faster Frida et Par Strømper. Gudmoster Avine og Onkel Eskjær Tallerkener og Krus med Bamse og Kyllinger paa og saa var der Gamacher, Tandbørste, Tandpasta, Sæbe og en Svamp. Fra moster Hille et Hestekøretøj, Strømper Marcipandukke. Moster Estrid en Boldt og en Gris. Mormor og Morfar Fjer til en ny Overdyne og Chokolade. Frk. Sørensen kaldet Rikke, Kurv med Pebernødder og Appelsiner. Julekurv fra et Barn i Skolen. '''Juledag'''. I Dag er lille Busser meget bedre men jeg tør ikke lade ham komme til Børnenes Juletræ i Morgen, for han er hæs endnu, men det er jo Synd, da han har Halsen i Orden og vilde jo have moret sig godt, han er jo saa interesseret i alting. Vi skulde have været over til Mormor og Morfar; men desværre ogsaa det kommer vi til at opgive, men ?nu? da lille kære Preben er bleven rask maa vi jo tage det med og mere glad til. Det er jo saa den Slags Skuffelser Verden giver. ==Dagbog nr. 3: 17. februar 1933 til 20. januar 1934== '''17. februar 1933'''. Mormor og Morfar har lige været en Tur oppe at besøge os. Bubber, som han selv kalder sig, var ganske vild efter Morfar. Jeg har aldrig set noget lignende. Jeg, som han ellers elsker, faldt helt igennem. Mormor holdt han ogsaa meget af, men kunde dog ikke være i Vognen med Morfar. Mor forærede Bubber et par Sko og Bolcher og Appelsiner. Busser er blevet stor efter at han har været syg, og han er en meget fremmelig Dreng, i Forhold til hans jævnaldrene. Han taler snart helt rent. Vi forstaar alt hvad han siger, det er meget morsomt at høre hans Sludder; den kære lille Solstraale. '''30. marts'''. I straalende Solskinsvejr fejrer lille Bubber 2 Aar. Han er straalende henrykt over alle sine Gaver. Preben er blevet maalt i Dag og maaler 92 cm. det vil saa sige at han skal blive 184 cm. Naar han bliver fuldvoksen, det bliver jo en Kæmpekarl, han er jo ogsaa en stor og kraftig Dreng. Saa var der Gaverne, af Mor fik han en Trillebør, som han er meget henrykt form af Fader fik han en Skovl; men han forstaar endnu ikke rigtigt at haandtere den. Af Hr. og Fru Daugaard fik han en Trillevogn og Chokolade og Appelsin. Af Faster Dagny 10. Kr. Af Moster Agnes, en Pyjamas en Bluse og Stof til et par Bukser og Chokolade. Brev fra Moster Estrid. Endvidere af Mormor og Morfar en Gyngehest, saa det var jo en indbringende dag. Jo, ogsaa af Fru Veber en lille Hestevogn og et Paaskeæg. Hr. og Fry Daugaard var her oppe at drikke Chokolade, saa det var jo en vellykket Dag for den kære lille Mand. '''5. april'''. I Dag er vi rejst til Mormor og Morfar, Vejret var straalende, Bubber nød rigtig Rejsen, han har jo længe levet paa at han skulde rejse over til Morfar med det store Futtog og over det store Vand med Skib. Og dagen blev jo en stor Oplevelse for ham. Gensynet med Morfar var meget hjerteligt, ham kunde kende Morfar igen, det lille Puds. Morfar elsker jo ogsaa den lille Trold. '''7. april'''. I Dag er det vor 5 Aars Forlovelsesdag. Preben nyder rigtig Landlivet, han er glad ved dem alle her hjemme. Moster Hille, Moster Ellen, Morbror Svend og Morbror Helge og lille Mormor; men Morfar er han helt vild med det er et helt rørende Syn at se de to, jeg falder helt igennem og han elsker dog ellers sin Moder højt; men det er jo godt at han er glad for Morfar. '''8. april'''. I Dag er Gudmoster ankommen, og han er også glad for Gudmoster Agnes, og han siger ”Tak for alle de gode -ulæseligt-". Moster sender ham. Han er en lille begavet Dreng, hvor er det dog enm stor Velsignelse, med saadan et lille velskabt og velbegavet Barn, og sød er han tillige. '''11. april'''. Ja, i Dag bliver Morbror Helge saa konfirmeret. Ja, det vil sige at det blev han den 2/4 men Festen bliver altså først holdt i Dag. Preben han nyder rigtigt den store Selskabelighed, og han er en god Dreng og opførte sig pænt. '''12. april'''. Ja i Dag er Ferien Slut paa Fyn, til stor Sorg for Morfar og Busser, det var strengt at skilles fra dem. Vejret var straalende og Rejsen forløb udmærket godt. Daugaard hentede os paa St. '''17. april'''. I Dag er det vores 3 Aars Bryllupsdag, det falder i Aar på 2. Påskedag. '''27. juni'''. Ja, nu er det længe siden jeg har haft Tid til at skrive i Dagbogen. Nu er Frida jo rejst og jeg har ingen til Hjælp fra Maj, og mange Gæster har vi i denne Tid. I Dag er de alle ude omkring og har lige et Øjeblik. Busser bliver ellers saa stor og kraftig og taler godt; men jeg maa Skam bekende at han ikke er helt proper endnu, og har faaet mange Smæk for det; men det maa vel komme en Gang. I Dag har vi faaet Billederne af Ham og jeg synes at de er pragtfulde og ligner godt. Det er jo en sød Alder. Haougaards smaa Piger er her, men de er bange for Bubber, saa han benytter sig af det, det lille Myr. '''26. september'''. Ja men det er længe siden jeg har haft Tid til at skrive i Dagbogen. Vi var paa Sommerferie hos Mormor og Morfar i 3 uger og Preben var jo glad for at være på Fyn. Vor Fader var paa Aftenskolekursus paa Hindsgaul og hjemme i Karise; men vi ventede jo en lille Søster og derfor blev Busser og Mor hjemme hos Morfar og Mormor, Lysten var jo ikke saa stor til at rejse saa meget rundt. Den. 9. September fik vi os saa en lille Bror, det skulde jo have været en Søster, saa det var jo en skuffelse i Øjeblikket; men nu er vi jo glade den lille Bror, han er saadan en sød, god og rolig lille Dreng; han vejede 7 ½ pund da han blev født. Havde langt sort Haar han ligner sin far meget. Preben er glad for lille Bror saa det er saa morsomt. Jeg vil kysse ham på Munden, siger Preben, han havde ogsaa regnet med en Søster, for han siger hun til ham. Preben bliver ellers en mægtig stor Dreng, Vi har Tækkemænd i disse dage og Preben nyder jo rigtigt den halløj og tænk til min store Rædsel saa jeg pludselig Drengen oppe på Taget. Vi har vores Mas med at holde ham nede han har flere Gange været deroppe, han vil op til Mændene. Ja det er jo en sød Alder; men jo en vanskelig Alder. '''30. september'''. Det var straalende Solskinsvejr den 9. Sept. Da lille Bror blev født. Af Gaver fik han mange Buketter, 3 Potteplanter flot blomsterkurv 4 æsker Chokolade 2 sæt Tøj en Sølvservietring Chemsier Spisesmæk, Sut, Vin m.m. Saa vi er blevet rigtigt begavet. I Dag er vor lille Busser 2 ½ aar. '''18. oktober'''. I Straalende vejr har vi i Dag været i Kalundborg med Børnene, lille Brors første Rejse og han var saa sød, hvad han for øvrigt nu altid er. Jeg fik ny Kjole til Brors Daab. Busser fik en ny Frakke, Hue og Laksko. Nu er han en hel Gentleman den lille Busser; men han vilde ellers ikke have den nye Frakke paa, han vilde have sine gamle hvide paa igen. Lille bror, er saadan en dejlig rolig lille Dreng, Busser er ogsaa saa ualmindelig glad for sin lille Bror. Busser bliver ogsaa stor og taler saa godt. Det er en stor Velsignelse, med saadan et Par dejlige Børn. '''11. november'''. I Dag er Mormor og Morfar rejst igen, her er blevet saa stille. Vi savner dem meget de kære 2. Lille Bror var i kirke i Lørdags den 5. November og hedder nu Bent Frank.
Jeg bar ham og Mormor og Morfar var Faddere samt Far og faster Dagny var indskrevet, men kom desværre ikke. Af Mormor og Morfar fik lille Bent en gaffel. Busser fik et sæt strikket Tøj og 3 par Benklæder og jeg fik en fin Haandtaske saa vi blev rigtigt begavet.Vi havde en fin Middag Høns i ?Maindise? Andesteg, Flæskesteg. Is, Vin og Kaffe. Der deltog foruden vor kære Mormor og Morfar, Pastor Brønno med hustru hvorfra lille Bent fik, foruden en smuk Tale ved Bordet, et Sølvsæt, bestaaende af Servietring, Æggebæger og Drikkebæger. Fru Brønnos Forældre var paa Besøg i Præstegaarden og som Følge deraf, var de jo ogsaa med og Bent fik en smuk Buket Roser. Og saa var der Hr. og Fru Daugaard, som forærede en smuk Sølvske med Ole Lukøje. Lærer Vebers var her ogsaa. Jeg gav min Søn en Sparekassebog. Vi havde en dejlig og hyggelig Dag. Lille Bent er en ualmindelig stor, sød og meget god Dreng han vejer nu over 10, og begynder nu at smile til os og gøre Forsøg paa at sludre, de er yndige saadanne smaa Væsener. Mormor og Morfar var ogsaa glade for ham. Preben er ogsaa bleven saa stor og er blevet mere fornuftig siden han er blevet store Bror. Han er saa glad for lille Bror; men jeg maa jo passe paa, for han kan nok tage for haardt. Preben er jo stadig saa hjertensglad for Mormor og Morfar, saa han har rigtig nydt det i disse 8 Dage. Ja det er dog den største Velsignelse med saadan 2 dejlige Unger. {{Image|file=Frank-2714-26.jpg |caption=Der er formentlig tale om denne sølvservietring }} '''9. december'''. I Dag er lille Bent 3 Md. Og han er allerede bleven saa stor og han sludrer højt og ler og er en yndig Dreng. '''Juleaften'''. Ja saa kom den søde Juletid igen. Preben har jo ogsaa spændt ventet paa den og vi havde da ogsaa en dejlig Juleaften, med Andesteg og Ris-a-ala-mande og Vin. Julegaver i lange baner. Fra Mormor og Morfar et stort Billede af dem, fra Moster Estrids smaa Piger Inge og Ruth fik Bent og Preben hver 3 smaa fine Lommetørklæder med Billeder paa, fra Moster Agnes fik Bent en fin Hund en Chemise og et Spisesmæk. Preben fik en Tandbørste og Tandkop der svarede sammen, samt et Par Luffer og en Troldmand og Mor og Far en Fl. Solbærvin, fra Inge Daugaard fik Preben en Marcipanpjerrot, fra Hr. og Fru Daugaard en Billedbog og mor og Far fik en Blomst. Fra Hr. og Fru Brønno fik Bent en Hund og Preben en Æske Dyr. Lille Bent gav Mor en Pengepung og Far et Par Strømper og Preben en Hest. Preben gav Mor et Gummiforklæde Far en Lommebog og Bent en Rangle, Mor gav Preben et fint Sæt Rødt Fløjlstøj. Far gav Preben en flot Cyklehest til 16,50 Kr. Far gav Mor en stor støjfri Støvsuger og Mor gav Far en Skrivebordslampe. Saa der var Julegaver i lange Baner. Og Børnene var henrykte for Juletræet og det hele. '''Juledag'''. I Eftermiddag har vi været nede hos Hr. og Fru Daugaard til Juletræ, og Preben var henrykt, lille Inge var der jo. '''Anden juledag'''. I Dag skal vi til Fest i Forsamlingshuset til Børnenes Juletræ. '''20. januar 1934'''. Den 18 var det Fars Fødselsdag og vi havde en Del gæster. Lille Bent bliver nu stor og sød og han taler nu meget og raaber og ler højt, han har nu begyndt at faa Havresuppe om Aftenen og han befinder sig godt ved det. Han er en ualmindelig rolig og god Dreng. Preben bliver ogsaa stor og han er saa glad for sin Cykel, han cykler hver Dag og han er saa glad for lille Bent. Bent kan nu rigtig begynde at lege med sine Hunde og Rangler. '''28. januar'''. I Dag har Busser været med mig i Kirken for første gang og han sad pænt og rolig men tog sig en lille Lur under den sidste del af Prædiken; men jeg var jo ellers lidt betænkelig ved at give ham Lov at komme med; men det blev jo saa en vellykket Debut. Lille Bent bliver saa stor og er stadig væk en lige god og sød Dreng, en pragtfuld lille Unge, det er en Velsignelse med saadan 2 dejlige Børn og om Gud vil lægge gode Evner og Anlæg i disse Børn, vil de blive til Velsignelse og glæde for os. Dengserne har i Dag sendt Lykønskninger og et Gummiforklæde til Mormors fødselsdag i Morgen. Lille Preben beder nu selv hver Aften sin lille Aftensbøn ”Nu lukker sig mit Øje” og ”Jeg er træt og gaar til Ro” det er yndigt at se og høre. Det er en stor velsignelse med saadanne 2 søde og velskabte og gode Børn. ==Dagbog nr. 4: 18. februar 1934 til 15. april 1937== {{Image|file=ANNADAGBOG-4.jpg |size=l }} '''18. februar 1934'''. I Dag har jeg vejet vore to dejlige Drenge, lille Bent vejede 14 p. og Bror Preben 32 p. Det er et Par lange Drenge begge 2. Dejlige og velskabte er de begge. Bent er stadig saa utrolig god og han sludrer rigtig nu og raaber højt og ler højt, han er som sin Bror Preben nu, en meget mild lille en, bare man ser efter ham, smiler han over hele det lille Ansigt. Han begynder nu at vil løfte Hovedet for Preben og vil rejse sig op, det er en fremmelig lille Dreng. Preben taler nu fuldstændigt rent og fører en god Samtale med os nu, han har altid været en lille kernekarl til at tale. '''23. februar'''. I Dag er lille Preben desværre bleven syg af den væmmelige falske Strubehoste, som er efter ham saa snart han bliver forkølet, men han havde 39,4 i Aften saa han er sløj og han ligger saa roligt i Sengen i Dag det lille Skind. Gud hjælpe ham snart over det. Lille Bent lader til at være en lille modstandsdygtig Karl for han har endnu ikke været forkølet selv om jeg og de andre har været det, han faar Hønsesuppe om Aftenen ellers føder jeg ham lidt endnu. '''24. februar'''. I Dag har Preben det meget bedre, til Morgen var Temperaturen nede paa 37,4 og i Aften paa 36,8, men i Dag har han heller ikke været let at holde i Sengen, men det er nødvendigt for Hosten er slem og lyder uhyggeligt endnu. '''26. februar'''. I Dag kom lille Busser op og det gik helt godt han er noget sløj endnu og har en del Hoste. Jeg har været i Kalundborg i Dag for at købe Gave til Præstens, sammen med fru Lund og Peder Olsens Kone, Sigrid passede Børnene til Peder blev færdig med Skolen og kunde tage sig af dem og det var ?ganske? godt. '''2. marts'''. Nu er lille Preben da snart ''-ulæseligt-'' igen. Til Formiddag kam han farende ind i Stuen til mig og sagde ”Mor, Ræven har været her og spyttet Kokken ud igen”. Til Forklaring, Ræven tog sidste Sommer alle vore Kyllinger og 1 ælling i Sommerferien, det kunde han huske og af den grund havde vi ingen Hane; men i Dag var der kommen en herhen fra Naboens og da han saa pludselig opdagede at vi havde faaet en Hane, havde han saa draget den Slutning at Ræven maatte have været her og spyttet den ud. I Eftermiddag kom fru Lund og ville høre til Busser og kom med Paaskeæg og Slikkepind til ham. I Dag er lille Bent vist desværre begyndt at blive forkølet, det er jo forfærdligt kedelig at han nu skal til at ?løse? Preben af; men formentlig bliver det ikke slemt. Han har hostet mere end han plejer og har haft grøn ?savl?. '''9. marts'''. Det blev Gudskelov ikke til saa meget med Bents Forkølelse, han er en lille Kernekarl; som ingenting bider paa. I Dag er han et halvt Aar og det har været et straalende Vejr og vi fik Chokolade og Boller og Vandbakkelser i Dagens Anledning. Vi gik en Tur til Landevejen og Preben cyklede hele Vejen paa sin lille Cykel det gik strygende baade op og ned af Bakken han er en helt lille Karl til at cykle. Nu er Preben heldigvis ovre sin Hoste og i fuld Vigeur igen. '''30. marts'''. Langfredag. I Dag er lille Busser 3 Aar, Vejret er straalende Inge Daugaard var oppe at lege med ham. Om eftermiddagen var vi i Selskab hos Daugaards fordi ''-ulæseligt-'' var der. Af Hr. og Fru Daugaard fik han en Æske Byggeklodser af Fru Andersen en Sparebøsse med en Krone i, af Inge et stort Paaskeæg. Af Bent et Paaskeæg af Far et Par Strømper af Mor et par brune Sko. '''31. marts'''. I Dag rejste jeg med de to kære Unger, over til Mormor og Morfar og rejsen forløb udmærket. Vejret var straalende, og lille Bent var saa god og Preben saa fornuftig og sød til at hjælpe mig. Morfar var i Odense at tage imod os. Moster Agnes fra Aalborg var ogsaa hjemme. '''1. april'''. I Dag er det Paaskedag og vi er hele Familien inviteret til Moster Hille og onkel Johan og havde en dejlig Dag dernede og et yndigt lille Hjem havde de. Lille Bent er saa ualmindelig god. Fru ''-ulæseligt-'' og Moster Hille er helt vilde med Preben. '''2. april'''. I Dag er vi samlet hos Morbror Svend og Tante Ingrid, der havde vi ogsaa en god Dag og ogsaa de har et yndigt Hjem. Og Bent tager dem alle med Storm, med sin Godhed og lille søde Ansigt, og Preben er helt vild med Morbror Svends Kyllinger som han lige kan tage og de sætter sig ogsaa paa hans Hoved og Skuldre han vil staa dernede hele Tiden. Om Aftenen gik Børnene og jeg med over til Moster Hille og logerede der om Natten. '''3. april'''. Begyndte Dagen med Styrtebad og om Formiddagen kom Moster Agnes og hende og jeg var et Smut i Odense. Moster Hille passede Børnene, om Aftenen var vi alle samlet hjemme på Højbo hos Mormor og Morfar og havde en dejlig aften. Børnene er stadig saa søde og veltilpas trods Forandringen. '''4. april'''. I Dag er Moster Agnes rejst til Aalborg. Vi har været hos Oldemor men Preben var bange for hende, Fordi hun laa i sengen, Oldemor er nu 90. 5. april. I Dag er jeg jo i Odense hos Moster Ellen at blive permanentkrøllet. Mormor passe de kære smaa. '''7. april'''. I Dag rejste vi fra Fyn igen, mormor rejste med til Odense og forsatte til Aalborg. Rejsen forløb godt Hjem. Men det blev lidt sørgelig nyt vi fik. En lille Dreng, Jens er blevet kørt ned af en Bil og skulde i Kapel om aftenen. '''8. april'''. I Dag er lille Bent 7 Md og det er det mest straalende og pragtfulde Sommervejr. Han bliver saa stor og sød og sidder nu op i Sengen og leger og stadig lige sød og god, den kære lille Skat. Preben bliver ogsaa saa stor og bliver saa fornuftig og hjælpsom og hjælper far med at slaa Brændsel. Han fører nu en helt fornuftig Samtale; den kære store Dreng. '''21. april'''. I Dag er det Lørdag og jeg har da haft lidt travlt; men lille Bent har været noget af det sødeste, man kan tænke sig, han er altsaa altid god, men han plejer jo gerne at komme en lille Smut på om Eftermiddagen; men som sagt, det blev der jo ikke Tid til i Dag; men han var alligevel saa sød han har ligget i den lille Seng og leget og sov lidt ?Antraen?, han er en pragtfuld og kær lille Skabning og saa har han for første Gang siddet og leget i Legebordet. Preben er ogsaa sød han løber ude og leger og i Dag var her kommen Køer ud her ved Siden af og dem var han meget interesseret i. Ja, Gud ske Lov og Tak for saadanne to dejlige og velskabte Børn, de er i Sandhed en stor Velsignelse. {{Image|file=Madsen-1547-2.jpg |caption=Anna med Bent og Preben i Værslev skole
april 1934 |size=l }} '''22. april'''. I Dag blev Børnene vejet, Preben vejede 22pd. Og Bent vejede 17 pd. '''2. maj'''. I Dag er mine kære to Drenge bleven vaksineret og de var saa søde og flinke begge to. Jeg var ellers mest bange for Preben; mane han sagde ikke et Kny, han vilde have flere Kopper paa. Doktor Møller var inde at faa Kaffe bagefter. '''10. maj'''. Kristi Himmelfartsdag. I Dag er vor kære Poder lidt sløje af Kopperne, de er ellers taalmodige og søde, men Kopperne er saa store og Armen rød, saa de slaar godt an. I Aften havde Preben ogsaa lidt Feber og vilde tildigt i Seng. Jeg slider ellers i Hovedrengøring i denne Tid og Børnene er saa gode og taalmodige saa det gaar helt godt. Far slider vældigt i haven som er saa køn i dette skønne Foraarsvejr, helt enestaaende Sommervejr saa tidligt, alt er en Maaned tidligere en normalt. Paa onsdag skal vi have Koppeeftersyn. '''16. maj'''. I Dag har der været Koppeeftersyn, de var fine. Lille Preben har i Dag fra Syersken faaet sit nye Tøj, en yndig gul Bluse til sine søde Fløjlsbenklæder og et grønt Trikolinesæt, saa nu bliver den lille Mand flot i Pinsen. {{Image|file=Frank-2716-4.jpg |caption=Prebens koppeattest |align=l }} {{Image|file=Frank-2714-2.jpg |caption=Bents koppeattest }} '''20. maj'''. I Dag er det Pinsedag men det er bleven en stor Skuffelse for mange for Vejret har været køligt med Byger. Lille Bent har for første gang været ude og cykle, Bent med mig og Preben med fader; men på grund af Vejret, cyklede vi kun rundt af Skovbakkerne, men Bent var glad for at cykle, han kiggede sig rigtig omkring, den lille kære Mand. Han har haft lidt ondt for Tænderne i Dag. '''1. juni'''. I Dag er der gaaet hul paa Bents første lille Tand, han har et Par Dage om Dagen været en lille Smule
under det Nordisk skolemøde 1935 |size=l }} '''7. august'''. Om Formiddagen paa Skoleudstlllingen i Adolf Frederiks Folksskola, derefter Frokost og Kl. 2 paa Udflugt til Upsala som gik med Elektrisk Tog til gl. Upsala, hvor vi saa den gamle Kyrka og derefter fik vi ægte Mjød, so smagte godt, men man blev tørstig efter det. Derfra med Tog til Upsala og saa den pragtfulde Domkyrka, Universitetet, Biblioteket og derefter en fin Middag for Mødesdeltagere fra alle Nordiske Lande, alle Nationers Nationalsange blev synget, saa det var meget festligt og gemytligt. Hjem igen Kl. 12. {{Image|file=Frank-2715-90.jpg |caption=Peders nål fra det
Nordiske skolemøde 1935 }} '''8. august'''. Tidligt op at synge ude på Skansen til Kl. 8. Tog med Skib til Saltsjøbaden, en pragtfuld Tur. Spiste fin Lunch paa et flot Badehotel det var dyrt; men dejligt. Om Aftenen Kl. 6 til Skansen til Afslutningsfest hvor ”Lærernes Sangkor” sang, derefter serveredes kaffe i det grønne. Og saa var disse dage slut her i det skønne Stockholm. '''9. august'''. Hjemrejse fra Stockholm Kl. 7 og i København Kl. 6, vi spiste da til Middag paa banegaarden og saa Kl. 8 tog jeg med Tog til Odense hvor jeg kom Kl. 12 ½, tog en Bil ud til Moster Hille og lille Bent, havde været saa sød og god og vilde ikke kendes ved sin Mor igen, men da det gik op for ham hvem det var, der var kommen blev han jo alligevel glad, det lille kære Menneske. Vor Far tog jo til Værslev, han skulde hjem at synge i Kirken. '''10. august'''. Til Formiddag var Bent og jeg med Moster inde i Odense. Kl. 4 cyklede vi ud til Mormor og Morfar og Lille Preben var i bedste Velgaaende. Moster Agnes og Eskjær var lige ankommen til Højbo paa Ferie. '''14. august'''. Hjemrejse til Værslev, vor far har vært i Karise, siden i Søndags, men jeg havde ikke lyst til at rejse derned, alene fra Fyn, saa vi blev hos Mormor. Bent er saa strenge at rejse med, det er jo en lille levende Fyr, der er paa Færde alle steder. Rejsen herhjem gik godt, vor Far var hjemme at tage i mod os. Daugaards hentede os paa St. Og det var jo dejligt at være hjemme igen, efter 4 Ugers Forløb. '''19. august'''. I Dag havde jeg Storvask og Preben skulde pumpe mig en Spand Vand; men i Stedet havde han siddet og fyldt Sten i Pumpen og da jeg kom og skulde hente Vandet, havde han ikke faaet noget Vand i Spanden, og da jeg skulde til at pumpe, ville den jo ikke give Vand og vi maatte saa have Bud til Smeden og jeg stod med min Storvask uden Vand og Pumpen blev ikke færdig før 2 ½ og ved den Tid plejer næsten at være færdig med Vasken. Saa det var jo saa en slem Streg i Regningen, han havde lavet for mig. De er ellers saa glade for at være hjemme igen, Bent savner en Del Moster Hille, han taler meget om hende. '''4. september'''. I Dag kom Preben uheldigt af sted. Deres Barnepige har ''-ulæseligt-'' i denne Uge og som følge deraf ikke kunde passe dem. Og jeg har travlt med Syltning og andet. De legede ude i Gaarden og Preben havde faaet fat paa en Kasse, som han hoppede ned af, derude paa de væmmelige Brosten i Gaarden, og han slog da Panden ned flængede en stor Trekant, det saa hæsligt ud og jeg maatte øjeblikkelig tage til Lægen og faa det sat sammen med en Klemme og han fik en Serumindsprøjtning. Preben var saa flink nede hos Lægen, han sagde aldrig et Kny og Fris sagde da ogsaa ”Du er da jordens dejligste Dreng”. '''5. september'''. I Dag er Preben bleven sløj og er saa frygteligt hævet i Ansigtet og havde da 39,6 i Temperatur. VI ringede da til Lægen, men han mente det var Slaget og vi Kunde se Tiden an til i Morgen '''6. september'''. Han har haft en meget urolig Nat, og var da rødplettet over hele Kroppen og det var som om der var Ild i Kroppen. Jeg ringede til Lægen og han kom øjeblikkelig. Han var da ogsaa noget betænkelig ved Drengen. Fris var bange for at det skulde være Skarlagensfeber og jeg blev jo ulykkelig, dersom jeg skulde sende min store Dreng ud paa Epidemisygehuset. Ja, Gud hjælpe os, det ikke skal gaa saa galt. '''7. september'''. I Dag er vor kære Dreng, igen feberfri og Udslettet er faldet en Del. Jeg ringede til Lægen og saa skulde vi saa se Tiden an, og holde os isolerede, men jeg vil ikke tro, at det bliver til Skarlagensfeber. Vi skulde ellers have været til Lærermøde ved Høve Stræde og skulde have kørt med Lærer Christensens i Bjerre; men sendte jo Afbud. '''8. september'''. I dag er Preben meget bedre, Bent Madsen min fætter som er kommis ude paa Refnæs, kom og besøgte os. '''9. september'''. I Dag er vor kære lille Bent, 2 Aar. Mormor og Morfar kom bilende herop, Preben kom en lille Smule op og befandt sig godt. Bent fik fra Mormor og Morfar en Bil, Preben fil ogsaa en fordi han var syg. Fra Hr. og Fru Daugaard en stor Boldt og Preben fik en mindre, saa det bliver en indbringende Dag for ham ogsaa. Bent fik, af Mor og Far et Par Laksko fra Bror Preben en Trillebør og Skovl fra Erna; som endnu er syg, en Spand og Ske og en ditto fra Moster Hille, et pat Strømper og Chokolade fra Moster Agnes i Aalborg. Børnene var jo henrykte for Mormor og Morfar, Bent siger nu alting, han siger Sætninger nu. '''10. september'''. Morfar kørte for os op til Doktoren, at faa Prebens Forbinding skiftet. Preben var lige saa kæk i Dag, han gik selv hen og hoppede op paa Operationsbordet og lagde sig og begyndte at fløjte, saa Doktoren var jo glad for saadan en rask Dreng og Doktoren saa saa Kroppen, men konstaterede da at det ikke var Skarlagensfeber og glade blev vi jo, men det havde jo været en slem Forskrækkelse. '''11. september'''. I Dag kørte Morfar for os til Kalundborg og Preben fik noget nyt Matrostøj med Fløjte, som han var meget stolt af, desuden fik han en flot Overfrakke og en Alpehue saa det var jo en hel lille Kavaller der drog hjem fra Staden. Da vi kom hjem kom Hr. og Fry Daugaard op og fik en Kop Chokolade og et Glas Vin. '''12. september'''. Til Morgen Kl. 7 startede Morfar Bilen og hele Familien drog til Stevns ned at besøge Farmor og Farfar og vi havde en god Dag, Vejret var pragtfuld. Preben og Bent legede med Rap, og de smaa Kusiner Frida og Inge-Lise. Vi var her hjemme igen Kl. 8. Paa Turen derned blev lille Bent ellers syg, han sad og sagde syg og Drengen blev ogsaa bleg; men pludselig begyndte han at kaste op saa det flød over hans søde Fløjlstøj og Frakken og vi maatte saa ind i et Hus at have vasket ham af, den lille Mand, han er ellers saa henrykt far at køre i Babut; men denne Tur har lige godt været ham for lang; men det er ligesom hans Far, han kan heller ikke godt taale at køre i Bil. '''13. september'''. I Dag til Middag, kørte nu Mormor og Morfar hjem, Børnene var helt kede af det, de smaa Trolde. Det er ogsaa helt vedmodigt, at skulde af meed dem igen. '''22. september'''. I Dag bliver saa Oldemor 93 Aar, det var Uhyggeligt Torden og Storm i Aften. Lille Bent er lidt mat i Dag. '''23. september'''. I Dag har lille Bent, lidt Feber og røde Knopper over hele Kroppen, jeg tænker næsten, at det er røde Hunde. Til Formiddag havde vi Gymnastik eksamen og jeg havde Skolekommissionen til Kaffe. I Eftermiddag passede Erna Børnene for første gang i denne Md. ''-ulæseligt-''. '''25. september'''. I Dag blev jeg færdig med lille Bents Sengetæppe, som jeg har hæklet; nu har jeg lovet et til dem hver, men det er saamænd drøjt, der levnes mig jo ikke megen Tid til Haandarbejde, ud over at holde Tøjet i Stand om os. Lille Bent er nu oppe og er helt Karl igen. Han er en rask lille gut, han kommer let over sine Besværligheder. Prebens Saar er ikke saa pænt endnu. '''20. december'''. I Dag Rejste vi til Fyn, Moster Ellen skal have Bryllup i Dag. Børnene vældige henrykte over at de skal over til Moster og Morfar og Moster Hille. Kl. 3 ved Paarup kirke, Moster fin, nydeligt par, var de, Kirken smukt pyntet. Æresport med kulørte Lamper. Klingrende Frost. Middagen Suppe, ''-ulæseligt-'' Flæskesteg, Is og Kransekage, Madeira og Rødvin, Kaffe. Jeg fik desværre min slemme Hovedpine; megen Travlhed med at komme saa tidligt af sted. Preben og Bent nød jo rigtig Samværet med de 2 Kusiner Inge og Ruth. '''21. december'''. I Dag kørt Morfar for os ud at se Juleudstilling hvilket morede Børnene kolossalt; derefter var vi nede at se Mosters lille dejlige Hybel. Lækkert alt sammen. '''22. december'''. Stort Selskab i Dag igen til kaffe og Frokost, godt trætte alle sammen. '''23. december'''. Rejse hjem til Værslev igen. Morfar kørte os til Odense. Børnene flinke, saa Juleudstilling i Slagelse, der var 1 Times Ophold. Smeden hentede os paa St., faaet en stor Kurv Slagtemad fra Mor. '''24. december'''. Meget travlt med at slagte And, lave Ris a-la mande og tilberede al Slagtemaden ''-ulæseligt-'' fra Mormor, fik en dejlig Juleaften, selv om man var lidt trætte. Børnene henrykte for Juletræet og over alle Gaverne. Fra Far fik Preben en Bøsse, Bent en Æske Byggeklodser, fra Mor; Preben og Bent et Forklæde. Fra Preben til Mor og Far, hver en stor Kop. Lille Bent til Mor og Far hver en Lommebog. Preben og Bent fra Præstens, hver en stor Spand og Graveske, vi fik fra Præstens en Blomst og fra Daugaards en Blomst, Bent fik en æske Bygge-Mursten og Preben et Ordspil. Preben og Bent hver en Bil fyldt med Chokolade opg Bolcher fra Moster Agnes og jeg et fikst Forklæde og jeg fik fra Far en dejlig mørk ''-ulæseligt-'' og jeg gav Far en Stok. Fra Moster Hille fik Bent og Preben hver en Pengepung og en lille Ring. Peder fra Morfar et Cigarfuteral, Bent og Preben Penge i deres nye Punge. Mere jan jeg ikke huske, Bent gav Preben et Rækværk med 2 Fugle til at skyde ned, Preben gav Bent en Flyvemaskine. Saa der var Gaver i en Velsignelse, fra Amerika fik vi et stort Billede fra Faster Agnes. '''25. december'''. I Dag var vi i Kirke, grimt Vejr hele Dagen. Børnene leget godt med alle Gaverne. '''26. december'''. I Dag havde vi Juletræ i Forsamlingshuset, Bent og Preben var ogsaa med og morede sig storartet. '''29. december'''. I Dag var vi igen til Juletræ i Gymnastikforeningen, Far skulle assistere men Børnene morede sig godt. '''31. december'''. I Dag har vi faaet en lille Kusine ovre ved Morbror Svend. Har det begge godt. Jeg meget forkølet, op at spise Nytaarstorsk hos Præstens. Midnatsgudstjeneste men jeg var sløj og maatte tage hjem med Børnene. '''Nytaarsdag 1-1-36'''. I Dag igen Juletræ i Socialdemokratisk Forening, Peder assisterer, trættende at blive ved, jeg noget sløj endnu. Preben og Bent er ellers et par store raske Gutter., Bent er meget morsom og han taler jo helt rigtigt nu. Det er morsomt at høre paa ham og Broro Pimper som ham. Preben er ellers ogsaa blev saa rask, siden de begyndte at faa Levertran, Preben vejer nu 43 pd. Med Tøj Bent 29, saa det er et Par kraftige Gutter. '''18. januar'''. Ja, jeg bliver sløj til at faa skrevet Dagbogen, vi er saa frygteligt optaget i Vinter med Aftenskole, Syskole og m.m. Jeg serverer Kaffe 3 Gange om Ugen, saa 2 Aftener er vor Far selv paa Kursus i Rørby, saa vi har kun Lørdag til vor egen Rådighed. Ja, i Dag Lørdag, er det vor Fars Fødselsdag 37 Aar, og i den Anledning havde vi Vebers, Præstens og Daugaards til Middag. Børnene og jeg gav Far en flot Dokumentmappe. Børnene bliver ellers saa store og kraftige, Bent er en hel lille Guttermand og saa dygtig til at tale. '''29. januar'''. I Dag jo saa vor lille Mormors fødselsdag, havde i Dag en uhyggelig Oplevelse. Vi havde Lysbilleder i Skolen, Børnene og jeg var inde at se dem. Jeg skulde da lige ind og se til Middagsmaden som jeg havde over. Og da løb den lille Klump efter mig og da Preben kom fra Gangdøren samtidig blev der gennemtræk igennem Skolegangen og Døren smak i med saadan en Kraft og Bents lille Finger, højre Tommelfinger blev Enden af fuldstændig smadret, det var saa grufuldt og jeg maatte øjeblikkeligt tage en bil op til Lægen, og han maatte saa klippe hele yderste Ende af, det han kun ved med en Trevl, men men han var tapper den lille, kære Mand og var ved godt Mod Resten af Dagen og sov ogsaa godt om Natten; nu skal vi saa til Lægen at faa den skiftet hver 5-6 Dag. Saa det var en strenge Dag vi oplevede, men gudskelov at han da ikke havde flere Fingre i. {{Image|file=Frank-2714-3.jpg |caption=Avis notits om Bents uheld |size=l }} '''13. februar'''. Ja i Dag paa min Fødselsdag, havde vi ogsaa en uhyggelig Oplevelse. Bent er altsaa en ualmindelig rask og opvakt lille Gut og derfor faar han jo ogsaa nogle Knubs. Tænk da jeg til Middag, stod og stegte Fisk vilde han jo ogsaa hjælpe mig og da jeg saa løb efter ham og vilde tage det fra ham, skulde han jo skynde sig at plumpe det i og det hede Palmin fløj jo om Ørene paa ham, det lille Skind saa forfærdentlig ud, et stor Sar paa den ene Kind mindre paa Næsen og i Panden hele Resten af den lille daarlige Haand blev skoldet saa den sad lige i en Vabel. Jeg fik ham jo smurt ind i Brandsalve og han blev ogsaa hurtig glad igen; men hvor saa han dog ud, den lille kære Ulykkesfugl. Han har altsaa saadan et Overskud og Krafter og Energi, saa han er altsaa saa strenge at passe; for han er paa færde fra han slaar Øjnene op og til han blunder sødt, som en lille Sten. Han beder saa pænt Aftenbøn, den lille Stump. '''18. februar'''. I Dag var Bent at faa skiftet hos Lægen og vi fik en god Salve til hans Brandsaar. '''27. februar'''. I Dag var Bents Forbinding gaaet af og jeg blev saa lykkelig, for jeg opdagede, at den var begyndt at sætte af til Negl, I Begyndelsen var vi bange for at Neglen ikke kom mere; men gudskelov for det, saa bliver det forhaabentligt ikke alt for meget varigt Men, den lille uheldige Skat faar. Saarene i Ansigtet er ogsaa blevet pæne, paa Haanden er det ikke lægt endnu; men det er jo indbunden tillige med den daarlige Finger, saa det gaar jo godt. I Dag var jeg til Symøde i Præstegaarden og Far tog saa begge Gutterne med til Kalundborg, det var jo en hel lille Oplevelse for dem, for de har ikke være ude nu i 14 Dage, grundet paa at der ikke skulde gaa Kulde i Bents Ansigt og Preben laa nogle Dage med Feber, saa de har begge maattet blive inde. Det har ogsaa været en slem Snestorm. Saa al Trafik var næsten afbrudt nogle Dage; men nu er det bleven øst op og det er stille Vejr paa Frysepunktet, saa nu er det dejligt Vejr igen. I Søndags blev de begge vejet. Preben vejede 42 pd. Og lille Bent 32, saa det er et par kraftige Drenge. '''30. marts'''. Ja, i Dag er store Bror Preben saa 5 Aar, det er helt utroligt som Tiden dog gaar, det er jo ikke til at begribe, at man har saadan en stor Søn. Det er dejligt Vejr paa Dagen. Og Preben fik en ny Cykel af sin far og Mor; saa han er mægtig stolt. Fra Daugaards fik han en Billedbog, Chokolade, fra Præstens fik de hver et stort Paaskeæg,. Fra Vebers et Paaskeæg og en Tegnebog, fra Erna et ''-ulæseligt-'' fra Moster Agnes i Aalborg et Par Strømper og en stor Æske Chokolade, saa det var jo en indbringende Dag. Præstens kom herned om Aftenen ellers havde vi ingen Fremmede. ?Konfirmanden?, havde vi inde til Chokolade og Kaffe, til Afsked om Eftermiddagen. '''5. april (Palmesøndag)'''. I dag skinner Solen, selv om Blæsten er kold og vi var nede at prøve den nye Cykle og Preben kan snart cykle, bare han ikke ser jeg ikke giver slip, cykler han et godt Stykke selv. I Dag har vi faaet lille Bents Trecykle lavet og han cykler nu flot af sted paa sin lille Cykle, saa nu faar han jo Fornøjelse af den. Ja, de bliver saa store og kraftige begge to, og er gudskelov, saa raske og sunde at se, der er allerede, ja, især lille Bent, han er meget brun. Det er jo en dejlig Tid, man nu gaar i møde. '''2. maj'''. I Dag rejste Børnene og jeg over til Mormor og Morfar. Fader hentede os i Odense i Bilen. Børnene var begejstrede over at være paa Fyn igen. Om Aftenen var vi nede at besøge Moster Hille. '''3. maj'''. Søndag Morgen kørte vi ned til Moster Ellen og Egon og drak Morgenkaffe. Og vi var da inde at se Morbror Svends lille Pige og hele Hønseriet med 2 store Motorruger til 3000 Æg paa en gang. Eftermiddagen lavede alle Naboerne Æresport oppe hos Mormor og Morfar til at sætte op hos ?Elin? Larsens Sølvbryllup i Morgen, det var jo lige Leben for de to Gutter. '''4. maj'''. I dag kørte Morfar Preben og Bent ned til Moster Hille, og vi var til meget fin og stilfuld Middag paa Slukefter Kro i Anledning af Larsens Sølv bryllup en pragtfuld Aften. Og Børnene var jo henrykte ved at være hos Moster Hille. '''5. maj'''. Ja i Dag vendt vi saa Næsen efter Værslev igen, godt trætte alle sammen. '''8. maj'''. I Dag har Preben været ude paa sin første rigtige Cykletur. Vi cyklede til Viskinge i Brandstorm med Modvind, men han klarede det fint, den lille Mand, '''10. maj'''. I Dag cyklede vi en Tur til Snevris Skov igennem Asmindrup og Turen gik fint for den lille Mand, og der var henrivende nede i Skoven, Bøgen stod lige i Udspring og Anemoner udbredt som et skønt Tæppe. '''11. maj'''. I Dag fik lille Bent 39,4 og var en Del sløj, formentlig noget Forkølelse. '''12. maj'''. Til Morgen 38,9 meget sløj om Formiddagen, kvikkere efter Middag til Aften 38,4. '''13. maj'''. I Dag er Preben forkølet og maa holde Sengen, Bent oppe lidt om Eftermiddagen. '''14. maj'''. Bent oppe i Dag, fordi vi ikke kan holde ham i Sengen, han springer op hele Tiden, de har Hoste begge 2. Preben ligger endnu. '''16. maj'''. I Dag kom Preben op. '''21. maj Kristi Himmelfartsdag'''. Ja, i Dag skulde jeg jo have været til Barnedaab i Aalborg; men paa grund af at Bent endnu er en Del forkølet turde jeg ikke rejse ud med dem. Bent kom nok for tidligt op nu Vejret er koldt og varmt hver 2 Dag, saa det gør det jo ikke lettere at komme af med den Forkølelse. Vi var jo noget skuffet over at vi matte opgive Turen; men nu haaber vi jo at lille Bent, snart kan være allright igen, det er jo det vigtigste. Preben og Bent skulde ellers have været hos Moster Hille og jeg skulde saa have kørt med Mormor og Morfar op til Aalborg, det kunde jo ellers have været en dejlig Tur op gennem Jylland. Ja, saa Gud hjælpe, vor lille Bent over Forkølelsen. '''15. august'''. Ja, Dagbogen glemmer vi helt. Tiden iler af sted, saa man ikke kan det forstaa; og man kan ikke naa alt det man skulde. I Dag rejste Børnene og jeg over til Mormor og Morfar. Vor ferie bliver jo kun til at strække sig over 8 Dage paa grund af at vor Far har ligget i Sengen i 3 Uger af Blodforgiftning i Benet. Det var Dejligt Vejr og Rejsen gik godt, Børnene var jo lykkelige ved at være hos Mormor og Morfar. '''16. august'''. I Dag kørte Onkel Johan og Moster Hille for os til Falsted, Vejret var vidunderligt og Børnene nød rigtig at være i Vandet og var næsten ikke til at drive op igen, de var nede 2 gange. Og vi kørte saa til Odense til 5 eller rettere Kl. 17 da vor Far ankom med Toget, han skulde jo ordne Kirken inden han kunde tage af sted. '''17. august'''. Om Aftenen var vi nede hos Ellen og Egon at spise til Aften og havde en god Dag. '''18. august'''. I Dag kørte Morfar og Mormor for os til Bøgebjerg Strand. Vejret var lidt køligt saa Børnene var ikke saa længe ude i Vandet; men Mormor fik sig en Dukkert. '''20. august'''. I Dag kørte Mormor og Morfar for os en Tur til Vejle og vi spiste Frokost i Grejsdalen, kørte derefter til Jelling og besaa Gravhøjene og Kirken og saa til Trædballehus at drikke Kaffe, det var jo en skøn Udsigt fra Himmelpind. Derfra kørte vi til Fredericia og saa Voldene og den store Krigergrav, saa over Lillebæltsbroen til Odinstaarnet som vi saa var oppe i, det slet ikke ubehageligt skønt man var 175 m oppe. En storslaaet Udsigt, og saa hjem efter en ualmindelig vellykket Dag. Børnene var alligevel ved at være trætte for i Dag var de nok ved at faa Biltur nok. {{Image|file=Madsen-1547-4.jpg |caption=Anna med Preben og Bent
på Himmelpind |size=l |align=l }} {{Image|file=Madsen-1547-5.jpg |caption=Peder, morfar, Preben, Bent og mormor
ved gravhøjen i Jellinge |size=l }} '''21. august'''. I dag er det Moster Hilles Fødselsdag og vi var nede a spise til Aften om Eftermiddagen kørte Morfar for os i Zoologisk Have saa det var en begivenhedsrig Uge for os. '''22. august'''. Afrejse til Værslev igen. God Rejse, men godt trætte, ovenpaa Ugens mange Begivenheder. Og saa begynder Hverdagen igen. Jeg har helt glemt at fortælle i Dagbogen, at Moster Ellen og Onkel Egon var paa Ferie hos os først i Juli Md. Moster Ellen, fejrede Fødselsdag her i Værslev. Dagen efter at saa var rejst, kom Moster Agnes og Onkel Jørgen, med lille Kirsten og vi havde 8 dejlige Dage sammen med dem. Den Dag de saa rejste var det at vor Far blev daarlig i Benet og maatte i Seng og saa blev jo vor Ferie ødelagt, Ja, vore kære Drenge bliver saa store og kraftige og er et Par dejlige Drenge. '''30. august'''. I Dag blev vore kære Gutter vejet og Preben vejede 47 pd. Og lille Bent 30 han har ikke taget paa, i den sidste Tid, hans Appetit er ikke af den bedste; men det kommer forhaabentlig, han er ellers kvik nok, gudskelov. I dag var Bent og Preben med i Kirke, men det kneb alligevel for lille Bent at sidde stille saa længe. Preben kan jo sagtens, han har været med flere gange. '''9. september'''. I Dag er lille Bent, saa tre Aar, Mormor og Morfar kom kørende Kl. 2. Børnene var jo henrykte for at se Mormor og Morfar. Lille Bent havde ellers en god Dag, med dejligt Vejr; med Flaget til Tops. Daugaard kom herop om Morgenen med Chokolade og en Gris til hver af Børnene, Bent en stor Preben en lille. Preben gav ham Chokolade, Mor Strømper, Far et nyt Hjul til Trecyklen. Morfar gav Bent en Skilling, Moster Hille forskellige Smaating, fra Erna en Æske Chokolade. '''10. september'''. I Dag er det pragtfuldt Vejr og Morfar kørte en Tur ud paa Refsnæs, det var en herlig Tur. '''14. september'''. I Dag er Mormor og Morfar rejst, Dagene gaar jo alt for hurtigt. '''18. oktober (Søndag)'''. I dag har det været en forrygende Brandstorm, men Preben – Bent og jeg trodsede Vejrguderne og gik paa St. efter Post. Børnene har ellers leget inde og var søde. Preben tabte en Knap i Bukserne og saa havde den lille Trold, selv faaet fat i Naal og Traad og havde virkelig selv siddet og syet den rigtig i. Jeg blev helt forbavset for jeg har ikke vist ham det. Han var jo ogsaa helt stolt. '''23.oktober'''. I Dag fik vi Brev fra Moster Hille at Mormor var faldet og slaaet sig og at Morbroder var kommet paa Sygehuset og var bleven opereret for et Mavesaar som var sprungen op. Saa det er pludselig helt Elendighed. '''25. oktober'''. I Dag fik vi Brev fra Mormor og Moster Ellen, at det gik gudskelov bedre med dem begge; men Drengene og jeg har bestemt at vilde en tur til Fyn for at se hvordan det gaar. '''29. oktober'''. I Dag i straalende Vejr rejste Bent, Preben og jeg med Toget 9,18 og Morfar hentede os i Odense, Børnene var henrykte over at være paa Fyn igen og det gik fremdeles fremad med Patienterne. Mormor og Morfar var ogsa glade for at vi kom. '''31. oktober'''. I Dag var vi ude at se til Morbror og han var gudskelov helt kvik, men meget sulten han lever paa en Kop Mælk 3 gange daglig. Derfra kørt vi paa Banegaarden og hentede Moster Agnes og lille Kirsten som ogsaa vilde hjem at se hvordan det gaar. Lille Kirsten var bleven saa stor. '''2. november'''. I Dag var Moster Agnes og jeg ude at se til Morbror, Morfar kørte for os. Om Aftenen var hele Familien nede ved Moster Ellen og Egon. '''4. november'''. I Dag kørte Morfar os til Odense. Preben, Bent og lille Kirsten var nede hos Moster Hille. Agnes hjalp mig med at købe Frakke 148 Kr. Hat 14,00 Handske 7.85 Tørklæde 3,50, saa jeg blev helt ekviperet. Vi var saa ude at hilse af med Morbror Svend og havde en Bog og en Blomst med til ham. Bagefter var vi hos Moster Hille. '''5. november'''. I Dag rejste vi saa til Værslev igen. Vor Fader herhjemme, havde befunden sig udmærket, medens vi havde været borte. '''15. november'''. I Gaar fik vi Brev fra Mormor, at Morbroder Svend, var blevet meget afkræftet; men endnu har han ikke begyndt at faa Mad, saa det er ikke underligt. Bare han nu kan taale naar han nu om nogle Dage skal begynde at have lidt. I Dag blev vore kære store Drenge vejet. Preben vejede 48 pd. Og Bent 33; saa det er et Par kraftige Gutter. Inge Daugaard var heroppe at lege med dem i Eftermiddag. '''22. december'''. I Dag ligger Peder og Børnene i Sengen af Influenza, Peder maatte saa give Børnene Ferie. '''24. december'''. Ja, endnu ligger alle Mand i Sengen, det er jo en kedelig Jul at fejre. Jeg selv er saa sløj at ogsaa jeg var tjenlig til at gaa deri. Vi fik saa Flæskesteg og Ris a la mande, men Børnene rørte ikke Maden, Jeg tændte saa Juletræet i Soveværelset. Børnene fik Masser af Gaver og de var jo meget optaget af dem. '''25. december Juledag'''. Ja i Dag kom Moster Hille og Onkel Johan; men det var jo kedeligt for dem naar vi alle var syge. Peder og Børnene lige lidt oppe et Par timer for vi skulde jo til Juletræ i Morgen men Børnene fik høj Feber igen. Peder klarede den. '''Anden Juledag'''. Børnene over 39 i Dag og lille Bent er meget sløj. Peder, Moster og Onkel gik saa til Børnenes Juletræ, jeg maatte saa blive hjemme ved mine kære smaa. '''3. Juledag'''. Moster og Onkel rejst, Børnene helt vilde med Moster Hille og var kede af at hun skulde rejse. Om Aftenen kom Faster Frida og Niemann. '''29. december'''. I Dag skulde vi til Aktionærernes Juletræ, men da Børnene først er kommet op i Dag, tør jeg jo ikke gaa ud med dem, saa Børnene og jeg blev hjemme. '''Nytaarsaften'''. Jeg sad ene hjemme Nytaarsnat, Peder var i Kirke; men jeg havde jo ingen til at passe Poderne. Ja, Gud give, at det maa blive et lykkeligt og godt Nytaar for os alle. '''2. januar 1937'''. I Dag er Børnene helt i Slaget igen og vi var til Socialens Juletræ hvor Peter læste op, saa Børnene morede da at komme til et Juletræ. '''18. januar'''. I Dag er vor far 38 Aar, men det er en forrygende Snestorm. Vi havde inviteret til Selskab i Aftes i Anledningen af Fødselsdagen ca. 15-6 Stk. og der kom kun Præstens, Dels grundet paa Snestormen og Dels Sygdom. I Aften har Far Aftenskole, saa det er en stille Fødselsdag. '''7. februar'''. I Aftes Børnene var i Bad, blev de vejet. Preben vejede 48 pd. Og Bent 37 pd. Saa de er et Par dejlige store og kraftige Drenge. Preben er ogsaa bleven stærkere siden de begyndte at faa Levertran. Preben er nu helt dygtig til at læse og skrive, han skrev et lille Brev til Mormors Fødselsdag. Han er selv saa interesseret i det, han husker hver Dag at vi skal læse og skrive. I Dag er det et dejligt mildt Vejr og vi synes vi skulde have en lille Tur. Og tog da med Toget til Kalundborg og var i Biografen og saa en svensk Film ”Tante Jutte”. Men Børnene var alligevel for smaa. Ugerevuen morede de sig godt over; men Stykket synes de var lidt ensformigt. I Aftener vor Far til Aftengudstjeneste. '''13. februar''' (Annas fødselsdag). I Dag var det meget fint stille Vejr med let Frost. Jeg fik Brev fra Mormor, Hille, Rosa, Svend: Et Forklæde og en Ugejournal fra Moster Agnes. 1 Buket Tulipaner fra Daugaards, hvor vi var nede med Chokolade om Eftermiddagen. Ingen Fremmede, vi var her alene om Aftenen. Fra Far og mine 2 kære Drenge fik jeg en Blomst. '''25. februar'''. Preben er blevet flink til at skrive og stave, vi tager en lille Tørn hver Eftermiddag og han er meget interesseret og skal nok selv huske at vi skal til det. Og saa er de begge saa interesseret i Professor Spinat og Tjavs i Politiken, at den næsten ikke er kommet ind af Døren, før jeg maa læse om dem. '''Palmesøndag 21. Marts'''. I Dag skulle vi have været op til Præstens, men Preben var sløj og havde ondt i Hovedet, saa jeg blev hjemme. '''22. marts'''. Preben svedt meget om Natten, men er helt kvik. 37,7 til 37,8 til Aften. Jeg er meget sløj i Dag af Forkølelse. '''23. marts'''. Preben paa 37,3. Jeg meget hæs. '''24. marts'''. Lille Busser lidt oppe i Dag. Jeg meget hæs og næsen rendt hele Dagen. I Seng Kl. 6 tillige med Børnene og fik 2 Pulvere. '''25. marts (Skærtorsdag)'''. I Dag er lille Bent syg, ondt i Ørene og 38,2. Preben faaet Feber igen og de ligger begge 2. Det er vel nok trist nu i Paasken. '''Langfredag'''. I Nat har Bents øre flydt, saa han er helt kvik i Dag, Preben Feber endnu, Jeg har det lidt bedre. '''27. marts'''. lørdag. Endnu i Dag er de ikke Feberfri, men vi synes jo at vi maa se at komme op til Paaskedag. '''Paaskedag'''. Lille Preben har endnu 37,5, men vi ''-ulæseligt-'' at staa op paa gurnd af Paasken. Jeg i Kirke Børnene inde hele Dagen. '''Andenpaaskedag'''. I Dag er børnene helt kvikke, saa nu haaber vi at det gaar. '''Tredjepaaskedag (30. marts)'''. I Dag fylder lille Preben 6 aar. Flaget til Tops og fint Vejr. Af Gaver fik han fra Far en Pyjamas fra Mor et Par Gummistøvler og en fin Bluse jeg har strikket fra Bror Bent et Penalhus en Bog fra Moster Agnes, et Skib fra Daugaards Paaskeæg fra Præstens og Erna og Moster Hille Strømper og Boldt fra Moster Estrid. Brev fra Mormor. '''1. april'''. I dag er det en stor Dag for da kom Preben i Skole, sammen med 9 Nybegynder, og det var han meget stolt af. Efter første Time kom han glædestraalende ind og fortalte mig, at De slet ikke havde lavet noget uden at bede Aftensbøn, de havde jo haft Religion. '''2. april'''. I Dag er lille Preben bleven syg igen han hang af til Middag og da vi saa tog Temperaturen havde han over 39. Det er forfærdelig kedeligt. '''3. april'''. I Dag er han helt kvik igen og han har siddet og hæklet flere smaa hestetømmer det er han meget stolt af og saa gaar tiden. '''4. april'''. Preben 37,6 til Morgen, men jeg vovede at tage med til Konfirmation i Snoldelev hvor Peders Søsterdatter blev konfirmeret. Erna passe Børnene, og det var gaaet udmærket. '''5. april'''. I Dag er vi meget trætte efter Turen i gaar, Preben er helt kvik 37,5 Morgen 37,4 Aften. '''6. april'''. Preben 37,3 men jeg tør ikke tage ham op endnu. '''8. april'''. I Dag var Preben paa 37,3 saa jeg tog ham op og kom i Skole, som han var meget optaget af. '''10. april'''. I Nat har lille Bent haft Ørepine igen og ligget og grædt. I Dag cyklede lille Preben med mig til Aarby, for at hente 27 Roser. Preben været i Skole. '''11. april'''. I Nat har lille Preben ligget og grædt af Ørepine og er meget sløj i Dag. '''12. april'''. Preben været meget syg i Nat, jeg har næsten slet ikke sovet for ham. Til Morgen, var Temperaturen over 40. Havde Læge til Formiddag, som ikke vidste hvad han fejlede. Om Eftermiddagen kastede han frygtelig op og Lægen kom igen og mente det var Lungebetændelse. Forfærdentlig strenge for det lille Skind. Gud hjælpe ham over til ''-ulæseligt-'' Sygdom. '''13. april'''. Preben meget urolig i Nat, ''-ulæseligt-'' Kl. 6 Morgen 39,9 Kl. 10 ½ var han meget syg gispede efter Vejret og Temperaturen steget til 40,5. Ringet til Lægen, som kom med det samme. I Dag fik jeg ogsaa Brev fra Moster Hille at Mormor var saa syg i Hoved og Nerver og havde for højt Blodtryk, hvor e det ogsaa strengt, én Ulykke kommer dog aldrig alene. Men vi maa jo bede Gud, hjælpe de kære 2 over denne strenge Tid. '''14. april'''. Lille Preben sovet et Par Timer i nat, men kaster stadig op og faar ikke andet end Hindbærsaftevand og har ikke foret siden i Lørdags. 40,2 til Morgen. Middag 40,7 Aften 40,5. Men han ligger roligere i Dag. Præstens kom og hørte til hans Befindende i Eftermiddags. Peder sad hos ham til Kl. 12, han er flyttet ind i Stuen og jeg sov medens 3 Timer og saa ligger jeg paa Sofaen hos ham Resten af Natten. Kl. 12 gav vi ham saa pulver. '''15. april'''. Fra Kl. 12 til 6 fik lille Preben den første rolige Søvn endnu og vaagnede med 39,3, men allerede Kl. 10 var han paa 40,5 igen og jeg ringede til Lægen, som kom til Aften. Temperaturen 39,8 efter at han havde blundet hele Eftermiddagen. Lægen kan ikke rigtig stille Diagnosen, det er Betændelse i Lungespidserne men han kaster jo stadig op og har ondt i maven, og vil jo kun drikke Saftevand; Lægen sagde at vi maatte prøve at give ham en Ispind og den var han glad for, Appelsiner eller andet vil han ikke se, men han er jo snart noget afkræftet.
ANNALOMMEBOG29
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Bent og Preben - Omkring 1935 |size=l }} Anna blev født i 1904 i Birkende sogn på Fyn. Forældrene var gårdejer i Søndersø sogn Mads Madsen og hustru Maren Kirstine Marie Pedersen. Anna var i sin ungdom i huset forskellige steder. Hun, blev i 1930 gift med Niels Peder Jensen Frank, som hun havde truffet i 1927, og var blevet forlovet med i 1928. Peder var i januar 1930 tiltrådt som enelærer i Værslev ved Kalundborg, og parret boede i hele perioden frem til Annas død, i Værslev skole. De fik 3 børn, Preben f. 1931, Bent f. 1933 og Inge Lise f. 1938. Anna døde efter længere tids sygdom af kræft, på Kalundborg sygehus i 1945, kun 41 år gammel. Det sidste lommebogs notat, blev skrevet kun 8 dage før hun døde den 20. august. Lommebogsnotater for øvrige perioder frem til hendes død, kan findes her: *[[Space:ANNALOMMEBOG36|Anna Marie Madsen - Lommebogsnotater 1936-1940]] *[[Space:ANNALOMMEBOG41|Anna Marie Madsen - Lommebogsnotater 1941-1945]] *Se [[Madsen-1547|Læs mere om Anna]] *[https://www.wikitree.com/photo.php/7/7f/Dokumenter-9.pdf Download Anna Marie Madsen - Lommebogs notater 1929 til 1945] {{Image|file=ANNADAGBOG-11.jpg |caption=Anna Marie Madsens familie
Klik på billedet for at se det i stor størrelse |size=l }} ==1929== *Tirsdag 1 januar. Visit hos Chr. Lassen (Morsomt). Tage i Agnes plads Læssøegade 81. I Sct. Knuds Kirke kl. 5 ankommer til Agnes. Alt vel *Onsdag 16 januar Snestorm *Torsdag d. 17 januar Bedring med min Forkølelse *Fredag 18. januar Min elskede Petchen. U-travl dag. Kom ikke hjem p.gr. af Forkølelse og Regn og Blæst. Meget ulykkelig. Græder meget. *Mandag 19 januar. Ualmindelig travlt. Aftenen ene med Børnene *Søndag 20. januar. Hjemmesøndag. Maatte ikke tage hjem paa grund af Hæsheden, men ville alligevel af sted, da var det saa glat som et Spejl og jeg væltede lige foran en Sporvogn. Cyklen røg 3 ''ulæseligt'' fra mig og jeg Benene i Vejret. Opgive det. Græder. *Tirsdag 22. januar. Hjem til Højbo. Svend i fuldt vigeur igen. *Onsdag 23. januar. Gæster. Daarligt humør. *Tirsdag 29. januar. Et lille Smut hjemme at gratulere min elskede Mor. *Søndag 10. februar. Hjemme i Højbo med Toget. Den koldeste Dag jeg kan huske. *Tirsdag 12. februar. Søster Estrid faaet Tvillinger. *13. februar. Anna god Fødselsdag: 2 Sølvskeer og Løber af Hr. og Fru Steffensen. Sølvvase af Rosa. Cigaret af Helge. Kort fra ''ulæseligt'' og Svend. Hjemme om aftenen. *Tirsdag 14. februar. Forsinket paa gr. af Is: Kort fra Eskjær og fra Svigermor, Martha og Signe Frank Hougaard *Lørdag d. 16 februar. Travl Dag. I Aften været til Byen og gøre Indkøb. I Kino ”Kosakkerne” med John Gilbert. Udmærket. *Fredag 22. februar. Agnes paa Hospitalet. Brev fra Petchen – ikke fri. Kaffeselskab 10 Personer *Lørdag 23. februar. Skrevet til Petchen. Sort humør. *Søndag 24. februar. Hjemme i Højbo. Paa Hospitalet at besøge Agnes. *Mandag 25. februar. Agnes oprevet *Tirsdag 26. februar. Besøgt Agnes, efter Omstændighederne befandt hun sig helt godt. Ikke hjem i Aften (De skal ud) *Onsdag 6. marts. 2 smaa Børn og Fruen ligger – har uhørt travlt *Torsdag 7. marts. Estrids Piger hjemmedøbt. Inge og Else. *Søndag 10. marts. Estrids Else Død. Ikke fri i Dag. Fruen ligger. Med Henning og Torben til Eftermiddagsfrokost. ”Sne” Odense *Mandag 11. marts. Rigtig taaget og graat. Kronprins Frederik 30 aar. *Tirsdag 12. marts. Paa Hospitalet – Agnes hjem i Dag. Aften hjem til Højbo. *Fredag 15. marts. Lille Else begravet. Nydelig Begravelse. Lille Inge meget sød. *Tirsdag 26. marts. Brev fra Canada. Hjemme i Højbo. *Søndag 31. marts – Paaskedag. Petchen foræret mig Cigaretter og Chokolade. Fridag. Petchen ankommen. Daarligt Humør begge to. *Tirsdag 2. april. Petchen hos mig at tage Afsked. Dejlig Aften. Petchen foræret mig Cigaretter ''ulæseligt'' Guld. *Onsdag 3. april. Kl. 11 Petchen lige og sige Farvel og modtaget 1 Buket Pinseliljer. *Søndag 7. april. 1 Aars forlovelsesdag. 3 Aar siden jeg belv garconne. 11 aar siden jeg blev Konfirmeret. Alene hjemme med lille Putte. *Fredag 12. april. Miss Agnes Frank. I Folketeatret at se “En eneste Nat” med Skalatruppen (Edgar Hansen) *Søndag 14. april. Petchen herovre. Tilbragt Dagen i Højbo *Torsdag 18. april. Alene hjemme og smadder søvnig *Lørdag d. 20 april. Knusende travlt. Død træt. *Søndag 28. april. Barnedåb hos Estrid. God Dag. *Søndag 26. maj. Nede og besøge Estrid og Aage – ganske vidunderlig Dag. Vidunderligt pragtfuldt Vejr. *Mandag 24. juni Sct. Hansdag. Lagt i Blød til Vask. Frygtelig storm og Regn Ustandseligt. *Onsdag d. 26. juni. Storvask *Torsdag 27. juni. Ditto. Aftenen hjemme i Højbo, Petchen ikke. *Fredag 28. juni. Alene hjemme med Børnene. Petchen i Særslev *Søndag 7. juli. 2 Aarsdagen siden jeg saa Petchen for første gang. I Kerteminde i øsende Regnvejr. Hjem til Højbo kl. 9 om Aftenen. Gennemblødt. *Fredag 25. juli. Estrids Bryllup(sdag). Hos Signe at blive onduleret, Stien og Herold hjemme ''ulæseligt'' *Fredag 26 juli. Startet fra Karise til Snoldelev, derfra til Rødovre. *Lørdag 27 juli. ''ulæseligt'' Langelinie og i Nørrebro – Liva *Søndag 28. juli. I Kirke. Hos ''ulæseligt''. I Tivoli. Hjemrejse. *Mandag 19. august. Ugevask en del strøget. Eftermiddagsgæster. Aftenen passe børn. *Fredag 23. august. Syltet. Petchen faaet Vikariat. Hjemme i Højbo. Øsregnvejr. *Onsdag 28. august. Eftermiddag i Bogense. Købt Krystalvase. Petchen Hjemme i Højbo. Forfærdeligt Tordenvejr. Brand i Odense Nedslag *Søndag 1. september. Kl. 6 Startet med Petchen til Marslev. Afrejse til Hellested Eftermiddag spadsere med Putte, utaalelig Varme. Skreven til Petchen. *Lørdag 21. september. Onduleret, koldt byget Vejr, i Kino ”Hvide Skygger”. Tale og Tonefilm, interessant. *Mandag 30. september. Forfærdeligt Humør. *Tirsdag 1. oktober. Agnes (Fødselsdag). Hjemme til Geburtsgdag. Hjem kl. 2. *Onsdag 23. oktober. Brev fra Petchen. Stryget. Syltet Hyllebær. *Lørdag d. 26. oktober. Uhyre travlt. Daarligt Humør. I Seng kl. 21. *Søndag 27. oktober. Petchen indstillet i ?Havnelev? Nr. 2. Aftenen hjemme i Højbo. *Torsdag 31. oktober. Fru Steffensens Forældre ankommet. Utrolig travlt. Ulykkeligt Humør. *Mandag 18. november. Svends Geburgsdag. Vidunderligt Vejr. God Dag alene Hjemme. *Mandag 2. december. Gaatur med Putte. Herligt Vejr. Skreven til Amerika. *Torsdag 5. december. Selskab om Aftenen. Brev fra Petchen indstillet Nr. 1 *Mandag 9. december. Plomberet Tand. Købt Julegave til min Elskede. *Tirsdag 17. december. Petchen kaldet i Værslev. Jule syning, i Aften til Højbo i Maaneskin. *Torsdag 19. december. Lavet Julemad. Leverpostej og Sylte. *Fredag 20. december. Julerengøring. Svend hjemkommet til Højbo. Rasende koldt. *Mandag 23. december. Forberedelse til Julen. Syet Dukketøjet færdig, vældig fikst og Rosværdigt *Tirsdag 24, december. Rigtig hyggelig Jul hos ''ulæseligt'', gode gaver *Onsdag 25. december. Tidligt oppe at rejse Hjem med 10 toget, vidunderlig Dag hjemme, mange gaver. Pragtfuld Dag. *Torsdag 26. december. Daarlig tilpas. Alene hjemme med Putte. Petchen ude at besøge mig. *Fredag 27. december. I Byen med Putte at bytte Julegaver. om Aftenen i Palads at se ”Nohas Ark” med fra og Mor og Petchen. *Tirsdag 31. december. Alene hjemme. Petchen og Agnes inviteret ud til mig at spise til Aften, vi havde en dejlig Aften, men lille Putte en Del Urolig. Kl. 24 et Glas paa mit Velgaaende i det nye Aar. Kl. 1. Fruen hjem. Farvel du gamle Aar. Slut – Slut. ==1930== *Onsdag 1. januar. Petchen tiltræde embedet i Værslev som Enelærer og Kirkesanger. Hjemme i Højbo. Alene hjemme *Torsdag 2. januar. Eftermiddagen fri. Hjemme at tage Afsked med Petchen. Toget 3.30 til Værslev. *Mandag 6. januar. Moder og fader ude at hjælpe mig med at købe Udstyr for 350,00 ca, flot Udstyr helt igennem {{Image|file=ANADOKUMENT-23.jpg |caption=''Kvittering for Annas udstyr'' |size=l }} *Lørdag 18. januar. Petchen 31 Aar. Stort Kaffeselskab travlt, daarlig Humør, Hovedpine *Onsdag 29. januar. Moder(s fødselsdag). Fri og hjemme til 50 Aars Fødselsdag. *Torsdag d. 20. februar. Ugerent. Eftermiddag spadsere med Putte, faaet Vielsesattesten fra Petchen. *Onsdag 5. marts. Agnes og jeg til Tandlæge. 2 Tænder ud. Købt ''ulæseligt'', gardiner og Puder monteret *Fredag 7. marts. Til Doktor med mit Ben. Operationen forløb godt. Agnes og jeg paa Sct. Knuds at drikke Kaffe. Købt Løber Herreværelset. *Søndag 9. marts. I Kirke i Thomas Kingo og til ?Nadver?. Lyst til Ægteskab for Petchen og jeg. *Mandag 10. marts. Storvask af udstyr. Til Lægen med mit Ben. Frygteligt Snevejr, forfærdeligt Vaskevejr. *Fredag 14. marts. Prøve Selskabskjole. Hente Broche. Købt Gardiner og Brudekjole. *Mandag 17. marts. Til Odense ''ulæseligt''. Faaet Brudekjole. Betalt gardiner og Dyner. Hos Doktor med Benet. Ben frygteligt hævet. *Søndag 30. marts. Petchen ankommet til Fyn. Vaske Hår. Til Odense efter Petchen. *Mandag 31. marts Sølvbryllup i Tvinde. Til Odense at onduleres. Have fødder gjort i stand. Mægtigt Gilde. 115 personer deltog. 3 fikse Sange, mange Taler. Rigtigt festligt alt sammen. Hjem kl. 2 ½. *Tirsdag 1. april Til Odense at prøve Brudekjole. Ellers en strenge Dag. Kjolen ikke færdig til Prøven. Paa Sygehuset at se til Gertrud. *Fredag 4. marts. Til Odense at prøve Kjole og gøre Indkøb. Ventet paa Banen 2 ½. Kl. 3 1/2 Nat rejst til Værslev. *Lørdag 5. april. Ankommet til Værslev Morgen Kl. 8. Travlt med Møbeludpakning og sætte paa Plads. Pragtfuldt Hjem. *Søndag 6. april. Dejlig Dag. Kaffen paa Sengen af Petchen. Ordnet Køkkenudstyr. Aftenen gaaet Tur. Kedelig Regnvejr. *Mandag 7. april. Afrejse fra Værslev. 2 Aars forlovelsesdag. Huset sat smukt i stand indenm Afrejsen. Chokoladegilde i anledningen af 2 Aarsdagen. *Mandag 14. april. Slagtet Kalv. Bagt Smaakager. Dagen lang. *Onsdag 16. april. Melde Flytning Sygekassen, paa Badstuen ved ''ulæseligt'' , til Lægen med Benet. Petchen, Eskær og ''ulæseligt'' ankommer. *Torsdag 17. april – Skærtorsdag. Bryllupsdag, vidunderligt flot Vejr, hyggelig Fest men bleven frygteligt Forkølet. {{Image|file=Frank-2715-11.jpg |caption=''Brudeparret uden for Annas forældres hus'' |size=l }} *Fredag 18. april – Langfredag. I Kirke og til Alters. Hjem fra Odense at faa Frokost. Sjællænderne Rejst. *Lørdag 19. april. Til Odense at bytte Gaver. Have Selskab 35. Frygtelig hæs, dejlig lystig Aften med Bal. *Søndag 20. april. Pakke Gaver og Lagener, men en kølig Dag. Tidligt i Seng til Afrejsen i Morgen. *Mandag 21. april. Fra Højbo med 39 i Feber. Afrejse til Værslev Skole. Stor modtagelse med flot dækket Bord til 16. 17 store Planter og forskellig Ting. Slut 2400. *Tirsdag 22. april. Fint Vejr, bedre med helbredet. Bagerens henne at drikke Kaffe. Aftenen for os selv. Skriver hjem til Højbo. *Lørdag d. 26. april Svend ankommer til Værslev, dejlig Dag. Øllebrød og Pandekager til Middag, bagt Jakobskage. *Mandag 28. april. Svend Afrejser. Dejligt Sommervejr. I Dag ked af det for første gang i Ægteskabet. {{Image|file=Madsen-1563-3.jpg |caption=''Anna og Svend ved Svends afrejse'' |size=l }} *Torsdag 1. maj. Hille og Bror Svend i Plads. Vidunderskønt Vejr, lagt vores sidste Kartofler, cyklet en tur til gartneren. *Tirsdag d. 13. maj. Storvask. Vasken gaaet godt, fint Vejr, tørret og lagt sammen. Aftenen rettet Stile. *Mandag 19. april. Brev fra Højbo. I haven gravet til Kaal og Planter, godt Vejr, daarligt Humør. *Mandag 26. maj. Gøre rent i Stuen. Kedeligt Regnvejr hele Dagen. Petchen ført Kirkebogen. *Torsdag 29. maj. Fader og Moder ankommet, fotograferet, god Dag, ude at gaa tur. *Onsdag 4. juni. Paa Biludflugt med Lærerforeningen. Udflugt til Hellerup. Pragtfuld dag. *Torsdag 12. juni. Pragtfuldt Vejr. Køkkenhaven, Petchen i Frugthaven. Rettet 41 Stilebøger for Petchen. *Søndag 29. juni. Agnes og Eskær Ankommer kl. ca. 2. *Fredag 3. juli. Rent i Stuerne. Eskær hjulpet med at bære Brændestak ind, Aftenen hørt Radio. *Tirsdag 8. juli. Paa udflugt til København med store Klasse, strenge med godt Dag for Børnene. Fra kl. 4 Morgen til 1 Nat. *Søndag 27. juli. Eftermiddag i Kirke, daarlig tilpas i Hjertet. Aftenen ude at Botanisere. En Tyr efter os. *Søndag 3. august. Cyklet til Højbo, streng Tur for at naa Færgen. Ankommet til Højbo kl. 9, træt. *Lørdag 16. august. Afrejse fra Fyn i øsene Regnvejr. Taget med Toget. Hos Daugaards ved Ankomsten at faa et glas Vin. Petchen hos Præstens og ''ulæseligt'' i Brugsen *Søndag 24. august. I Kirke og Barnedaab, cykle til Karise, Bygevejr og Orkan, til dels gunstig Vind. Ankomst til Karise kl. 8,45 *Tirsdag 26. august. Bedre Vejr, Fin Eftermiddag. Stine og Frida hjem. Aftensmad hos Jens og Mormor til Kaffe. *Fredag 29. august. Start til Værslev.Turen forløb udmærket, gunstig Vind. hjemme kl. 7. Uheld med Petchens Pedal. *Lørdag 6. september. Besøg af Petchens Forældre. Jens ''ulæseligt'' og L. Larsens. Mor og Var ankommet, god men travl Dag. *Mandag 8. september. Far og Petchen beskærer Træer. Mor og jeg sat i Blød til Vask. Syltet Brombær. Sylærerinden til Kaffe. *Tirsdag 16. september. Far og Mor Afrejst fra Værslev. Vidunderligt Vejr. Vasket Haar. Faaet Strømpen færdig. *Onsdag 17. september. Til Kalundborg at onduleres. Til Høstfest i Huset til kl. 1 ½. *Søndag 28. september. Pastor Madsens Afskedsprædiken. *Lørdag 4. oktober. Regnvejr. Kogt Rullepølse af Slag. *Søndag 5. oktober. Ellen Konfirmeres. Leonhard prædiket første gang. Synes ikke godt om Prædikenen. *Tirsdag 21. oktober. Ellen og jeg bagt Sandkage, Vaniljekranse, Julekage Eftermiddag. Taget Selleri og Rødbeder op. *Onsdag 5. november. I Kalundborg efter Petchens Tænder og Sko. Begyndt paa Babybukser. *Lørdag 8. november. Lørdagsrent. Spille Kort hos sadelmagerens. Tabt 3 øre. Hjem kl. 1 ½. *Mandag 10. november. Storvask. Aftenskolen begyndt med 5 Elever. Stormvejr. *Fredag 14. november. Spilleaften. Daarligt Vejr. Slut Kl. 1 1/4. Vundet 64 ører. *Torsdag 20. november. I Kalundborg for Petchen efter ''ulæseligt''. Aftenskole. Har haft Haandgerning med Pigerne. *Torsdag 11. december. Flot vejr. Pudset Vinduer. Aftenskole mødt 18. Haandarbejde med Pigerne. * Onsdag 17. december. Julekomiteen til Kaffe Kl. 3, gaaet Kl. 7. Sne og Frost. *Mandag 22. december. Julerent i Stuen, vaske gardiner i Herreværelset, strøget hængt op. Juleindkøb i Brugsen. *Onsdag 24. december. Stegt And. Ris a la mande. Dejlig hyggelig Juleaften sammen med min elskede Mand alene. *Søndag 28. december. Rejst til Fyn med 5. Toget. Far hentet os i Odense i BilEskær g Agnes hjemme. *Onsdag 31. december. Til Odense efter Broderi og Saks. Petchen besøgt. Jeg blev hjemme at hjælpe Mor, da Mor er utilpas. Dejlig Nytårsaften. ==1931== *Torsdag 1. januar. Formiddag Besøg hos Bedstemoder. Hille, Frits, Eskær og Agnes – Svend og Ingrid. Holev Børnene hjemme, ordentlig Forsamling. *Mandag 5. januar. Afrejse fra Fyn. Ret godt Vejr. En Times Forsinkelse fra Odense. Rejsen forløb godt. *Fredag 9. januar. Spilleaften hos Malerens. Været i Kalundborg at købe Babytøj. *Lørdag 10. januar. Om Natte høj Feber. Slet ikke sovet. Ligget hele Dagen. En lille smule bedre hen imod Aften. Om Aftenen Petchen begynd at blive sløj. *Søndag 11. januar. Petchen og jeg ligget begge 2. Petchen oppe at synge, jeg oppe at lave Mad. Om lørdagen skulle vi havet været til Daugaards. *Lørdag 17. januar. Lørdagsrent. Petchen og jeg snart i fuld vigør igen. *Torsdag 29. januar. Bage Kærlighedskranse og Boller. Aftenskole 18 Elever. ''ulæseligt'' inde at faa Kaffe. *Tirsdag 3. februar. Til Kalundborg at købe Babytøj. Frostvejr. *Fredag 6. februar. Petchen læst op i Forsamlingshuset i Radikal Forening, fælles Kaffebord. *Tirsdag 24. februar. I Viskinge. Jordemoderen ikke hjemme. Inde at besøge Marie Hansen. *Lørdag 28. februar. Lørdagsrent. Snevejr, væmmeligt Vejr. Petchen i Brugsen med en tor Kurv Æg. Flinke Høns. *Søndag 1. marts. Frygtelig Snestorm, Himmel og Jord i et. ?Umuligt? at gå til Kirke. Lys og Radio afbrudt. Al Trafik umulig. Ingen Spilleaften. *Tirsdag 3. marts. Fastegudstjeneste. Til Kalundborg at onduleres og gøre sidste Indkøb af Babyudstyr. *Søndag 8. marts. Til Daugaards. Petchens Forældre kom Kl. 9 Aften ganske uventet. I Seng Kl. 2 ½ *Mandag 9. marts. Aftenskoleafslutning. Stor Fest, Petchen lavet Sang. Jysum holdt Foredrag. *Tirsdag 10. marts. Signe rejst om Morgenen. Petchens Forældre om Eftermiddagen. Død træt. *Tirsdag 17. marts. Eksamen. Fin Middag for Præst og Skolekommission. 12 forældre til Kaffe. Dødtræt. *Mandag 23. marts. Taaget og mildt. Været i Brugsen at købe Strømper til Agnes i Canada. *Fredag 27. marts. Ugerent i Stuen. Storm, Sol, Koldt. Hjulpet Petchen at hugge Brænde. *Lørdag. 28 marts. Lørdagsrent. Storm, Sol, Koldt. *Søndag 29. marts. Fint Vejr. Gået Tur til Stationen med Brev til Højbo. Veerne begyndt Kl. 9. *Mandag 30. marts. Frygtelig Nat overstaaet. Vor lille Søn født kl. 10 Formiddag. Vejet 7 pund og 100 g. Mor kommet med 8 Toget. Har det godt begge 2. *Tirsdag 31. marts. Fint Vejr. Fru Sørensen gjort Drengen og jeg i stand. Lærer Vevers oppe at besøge os, faaet en ''ulæseligt'' . Lille Dreng lidt ked af det om Eftermiddagen. *Onsdag 1. april. Dreng saa God. Mor meget travlt. Børnene inde at faa Kaffe til Afsked. Fru Daugaard og Inge oppe med Blomster og Vin. *Torsdag 2. april – Skærtorsdag. Petchen været til Alters. Fru Jensen været her med fin Lagkage. Drengen er god. *Lørdag 4. april. Ringerens Kone nede med en Buket Paaskeliljer. Vor elskede lille Søn været saa utrolig sød og god. *Fredag 10. april. Haft Doktor til Lillebror. Har Gulsot. Velbefindendet ellers godt. Mor rejst hjem. Dejligt Vejr. Fru Veber lige inde og hilse paa. *Tirsdag 14. april. Bestilt Vaskekone. Været hos Klostergaard, var ikke hjemme. I Brugsen. Petchen passet Drengen. *Mandag 20. april. Storvask. Dejligt Vejr. Kone til Vask. *Tirsdag 21. april. Temmelig godt Vejr. Konen vasket færdig. Tøjet tørret. Petchen savet Brænde. *Onsdag 22. april. Petchen kløvet Brænde. Regnvejr. Vasken rullet. Bror god. *Torsdag 23. april. Storvasken Stryget. Besværlig Strygning. Lillebror sov muligt hele dagen. Godt Vejr. *Søndag 26. april. Lille Bror første gang i Bad. Han var meget glad derfor. *Mandag 27. april. Været i Kalundborg at købe Barnevogn. Olga passet Drengen. Havde været saa god. Tordenvejr. *Tirsdag 5. maj. Begyndt paa Hovedrengøring i Spisestuen. Strenge Dag. Lillebror temmelig god. *Lørdag 23. maj. Fader, Moder, Agnes og Eskær kommer om Eftermiddagen med 5 Toget. Drengen faaet Ske og Blomster. *Søndag 24. maj - Pinsedag. Drengen i Kirke, hedder Preben Frank. Tordenvejr om Aftenen. Menu: Oksetunge, Gemyse, Flæskesteg, Citronfromage. {{Image|file=Frank-2716-14.jpg |caption=''Annas søster Agnes med Preben'' |size=l }} *Torsdag 28. maj. varme med lidt Blæst. Fluerne snavset saa frygteligt til i mit rene Hus. Forfærdelig ærgerligt. *Tirsdag 2. juni. Biltur til Stevns. Startet Kl. 7. Prebens første store Rejse. Køligt Vejr, god Tur. Hjemme Kl. 10. *Onsdag 3. juni. Mor og Fader rejst. Preben og jeg fulgte dem på Banegården. Gjort rent i Gæsteværelse. *Søndag 5. juli. Besøg af Lasses og Eskær, meget varmt Vejr. Meget travlt og træt. Ellers god Dag. Preben meget urolig. *Mandag 6. juli. For lidt Bryst til Preben, kedeligt. Storvask. Sovet for længe, saa Vasken udsat til i Morgen, meget træt oven paa gaarsdagens Anstrengelser. *Tirsdag 7. juli. Storvask. Straalende Vejr, vundet ved Udsættelsen. Faaet Prøvebilleder i Dag, rigtig godt. Været oppe Kl. 3,30. *Fredag 10. juli. Begyndt med J. P. Müller, god Virkning. Ugerent i Stuen. Koldt blæsende. Plukket Stikkelsbær. *Torsdag 16. juli. Petchen pa udflugt til Roskilde med Børnene. Jeg lavet Sæbe. Forfærdelig Dag. Slagteren narret mig 2 gange. *Lørdag 1. august. Preben og jeg rejst til Fyn. Frygtelig mange Rejsende. Preben god. Fader i Odense efter os. Dejligt at være hjemme. *Søndag 2. august. Agnes og Svend hjemme. Været med Agnes i Odense, punkteret, fiasko. *Mandag 3. august. Mor og jeg alene. Hos Syerske med Stof til Kjole. Godt Vejr. *Tirsdag 4. august. Prøvet Kjole. Godt Vejr. Faaet brev fra Morfar. vasket og Strøget. *Fredag 7. august. Permanentes Kl. 11. Varede lige til Kl. 4, drøj Omgang. Ustadigt Vejr. Moder passet Preben. *Lørdag 8. august. Hente Kjole, smart. Agnes hjemme, blev øsende regn. Preben god. Brev fra Petchen. *Søndag 16. august. Mor og fader i Trunderup. Tordenbyger, frygteligt Regnvejr det meste af Dagen. Svend og Ingrid og Frits ankommer om Eftermiddagen. Petchen ankommer om Aftenen. *Onsdag 19. august. Været os Bedstemor og fotograferet 4 generationer. Vejret dejligt. Agnes hjemme. {{Image|file=Frank-2716-13.jpg |caption=''4 generation 19. august – Annas far Mads Madsen,
formentlig Mads moder Maren Jørgensen, Anna og Preben'' |size=l }} *Mandag 24. august. Afrejse til Værslev. Køligt, enkelte Byger. Rejsen gik Rigtigt godt. Færgen vuggede. *Tirsdag 25. august. Huset gjort i stand og Provstebesøg. Plantet Blomster og Løg. Preben god. *Mandag 31. august. Jeg ude at faa 5 Tænder trukket ud. Bla. 2 Visdomstænder Gjorde ikke saa ondt. Fader passet lille Preben son var saa god som han jo altid er. Vejret pragtfuldt. *Mandag 7. september. Bage Sandkage og Brød. Vaske stor Ugevask. Lysbilleder fremvises i Skolen. Inde at faa Kaffe. *Onsdag 9. september. Provstevisitats. Petchen, Skolekommissionen og Sogneraadsformanden til Andesteg og Æblegrød. Else nede og passe Preben. *Onsdag 23. september. Bage Franskbrød, syltet sidste Asier. Henkogt Blommer. Preben god Dreng som altid. *Fredag 2. oktober. Ikke mere Bryst til Drengen. Været i Kalundborg i Regnvejr. Købt Pullover og Slipover. *Lørdag 17. oktober. Hovedrent i Entre. Professor Labri været her. Kolosalt morsomt. Foret ''ulæseligt'' bag Reol. *Lørdag 31. oktober. Moder Fader ankommet med pragtfuldt Vejr. Petchen og Drengen paa Stationen efter Mor og Far. *Torsdag 5. november. Petchen indlægges til Undersøgelse. Været med Petchen derude. Petchen meget nervøs. *Fredag 6. november. Fader ude at se til Petchen. Helt godt i Humør. Lørdagsrent i Køkkenet. *Lørdag 7. november. Hans og Karla giftes. Jeg ude at se til Petchen. Han var i daarligt Humør – kedeligt. *Fredag 10. november. Ude hos Petchen, meget nervøs. Hos Tandlægen, lavet ''ulæseligt'' Gebis. Aftenen til Daugaards. Preben god. *Torsdag 12. november. Faaet mit Gebis, været hos Petchen. Skal blive paa Sygehuset indtil videre. Kedeligt. *Fredag 13. november. Til Præsten og ''ulæseligt'' og Klostergaard. Til Kalundborg sammen med Far. Petchen paa streng Diæt. *Mandag 16. november. Faet Vikar, ude at besøge Petchen. Købt Frakke og Hue til Drengen. *Tirsdag 8.december. Regnvejr. Været ude at hente Petchen hjem. Mormor rejst til Fyn. Daugaards kørte. *Lørdag 12. december. Lørdagsrent. Petchen gaaet tur med Preben. Snart helt fine Venner igen. *Onsdag 23. december. Ugerent i Køkken. Slagte Hane. Pakket Julegaver ind. *Torsdag 24. december. Dejlig Juleaften. Alene her hjemme. Juletræ og Julegaver. *Lørdag 26. december. Juletræ i Forsamlingshuset om Formiddagen. Om Aftenen til Fest, som gik udmærket. *Tirsdag 29. december. Til Juletræ hos Aktionærerne, dejlig Fest. Petchen læst op. Hjem Kl. 12. *Torsdag 31. december. Petchen gaaet Tur med lille Busser. Preben faaet en Tand i Overmunden. ==1932== *Lørdag 2. januar. Travl med Forberedelserne til Selskabet i Morgen. Daugaards og marie Christoffersen og Postens i Aften *Søndag 3. januar. Selskab. 12 Mennesker. Holdt ud til Kl. 2. *Onsdag 27. januar. Indsendt Ansøgning om Orgelspil. Godt Vejr, faaet brev fra Stevns. Send pakke til Mor. *Torsdag 4. februar. Pudset Vinduer. Busser feberfri. Faaet Organistpladsen i Kirken, Hr. og Fru Offersen oppe at overbringe Budskabet. Rikke Sørensen her om undervisning. *Lørdag 6. februar. Klart og Frost. Lørdagsrent. De var ude og ordne Orgelet og vi fik Prisen sat ned til 100 Kr. og Frk. Sørensen til Organist. *Tirsdag 9. februar. Gøre rent paa loft. Begyndt at tage Undervisning i Orgel. Bitterlig Koldt. *Lørdag 13. februar. Anna(s fødselsdag). Huske at sende kjole og Sko med Hille. Hille og Frits ankom om Morgenen. Dejligt Vejr. *Lørdag 27. februar. Med Dilettanterne til Bjergsted. Hjem Kl. 2 – dødtræt *Søndag 13. marts. Været i Kirke, spillet 2 timer. Lille Busser snart gaa. *Tirsdag 22. marts. Far og Mor ankommer, blev fri for at spille. Busser faaet Pyjamas og legetøj af Far og Mor. *Lørdag 26. marts. Peter 39,5 gr. Feber. Doktor til Petchen, Influenza. Far og jeg paa Stationen efter Medicin. *Søndag 27. marts. Jeg og Fader har været i Kirke. Jeg har besørget Petchens Arbejde i Kirken. *Søndag 30. marts. Lille Busser 1 Aar. Bage Roulade, Kringle, Boller, Vandbakkelse. Børnene og Inge oppe til Chokolade. Elektrisk i uorden. *Lørdag 2. april. Jeg holdt Skole for de små. Nybegynder Læge Friis nede hos Petchen. *Søndag 10. april. Været i Kirke. Frk. Sørensen spillet første gang. *Søndag 15. maj – Pinsedag. Peder og Frida i Kirke. Busser, far og jeg i Snevris Skov cyklende, Busser sov. *Fredag 20. maj. Eftersyn for Vaccination. Lægen til kaffe. Om Aftenen nede hos Vebers. Hjem Kl. 12 3/4. *Tirsdag 24. maj. Til selskab hos Vebers. Været i Kalundborg at blive onduleret. Været i Kirke at spille. *Lørdag 28. maj. Vaske Ferietøj. Været til Askovmøde paa Ubberup Højskole. Juul Andersen talte. Fælles kaffebord. *Søndag 29. maj. Været i Kalundborg til Bladfest paa Grand Hotel. Dejlig Aften. *Mandag 30. maj. Afrejse til Fyn. Rejsen forløb udmærket. Busser var saa sød. Regnvejr. *Torsdag 2. juni. Blæst og dejligt Vejr. Haft Kogekone og Koge pige. Prøvet Kjole. Ellen onduleret mig. *Onsdag 3. juni. Bryllup. Agnes sød. Festen dejlig. {{Image|file=Madsen-1558-13.jpg |caption=''Brudeparret Agnes Madsen og Jørgen Eskjær'' |size=l }} *Tirsdag 7. juni. Frida komme rom Aftenen. Dejligt Vejr. Været i Haven. *Onsdag 8. juni. Stor Ugevask. Spillet i Kirken. *Onsdag 15. juni. Uventet faaet Stevnsfremmede. Dejlig dag. Dagny lejet Bil og kørt herop. Kørt for os til Kalundborg. Dejlig Dag. Pragtfuldt Vejr. *Mandag 20. juni. Skovtur til Asnæs med Børnene, god Dag. Været ude at se Rodney, Engelsk Krigsskib. *Torsdag 30. juni. Selskab Naboerne. Rasmus M., Sadelmagerens, Tømmerens. Pragtfuldt Vejr. *Søndag 10. juli. I Kirke, om Eftermiddagen ved Gisseløre, Mad og Kaffe med. Busser faaet Feber. *Mandag 1. august, Afrejse til Fyn. Rejsen forløb udmærket. Lille Busser ondt i Tænderne. *Fredag 5. august. Høstdag paa Højbo. Peder ude at sætte sammen. Busser nyder rigtigt Bondelivet. *Søndag 7. august. Afrejse til Langeland om Morgenen. Peder og jeg cyklet. Turen gik godt. Inde at se Helges Dreng. Mor og Far rejste med Bussen. *Mandag 8. august. Cyklet lang Tur om Formiddagen og om Eftermiddagen hele Familien cyklet til Spodsbjerg badestrand. Dejlig Dag. *Tirsdag 9. august. Rejst til Fyn igen efter at have haft en dejlig Tur. Cykelturen hjem lidt streng paa grund af modvind. *Onsdag 10. august. Vasket Børnetøj. Peter paa Høstarbejde. *Søndag 14. august. Far og Peter og jeg været ved Lillebælt, interessant. bagende varmt. *Lørdag 20. august. Peder afrejst til Værslev. Været i Odense efter ''ulæseligt''. Pragtfuldt Vejr. Busser Feber for Tænder. *Søndag 21. august. Mor opereres – gaaet godt. Eftermiddagen nede hos ''ulæseligt''. Koldt. Busser stadig daarlig i Maven. *Mandag 22. august. Afrejse til Stevns. Rejsen forløb godt. Busser ondt for Tænderne. Busser glad for at være her. *Lørdag 10. september. Til Lærermøde i Smakkerup, gik godt. Om Aftenen til Høstfest i Huset. Busser moret sig godt. *Søndag 23. oktober. Peder og Frida i Kirke. Jeg spillede. Fint Vejr. Preben ude at køre. *Torsdag 1. december. Koldt Vejr. Gaaet Tur. Kommet i Sygekassen ”Nutiden”. *Onsdag 14. december. Redaktør Lovels spise til Middag hos os. Rullet en ''ulæseligt'' af vasken. *Torsdag 15. december. Transmission fra Værslev. Op til Fru Nielsen med Barselsmad. Strøget Vasken færdig. Busser blevet syg. *Lørdag 24. december. Stegt And. Lavet Ris al a mande, været i Kirke. Lille Busser rigtig kvik og i godt Humør. mange gaver. *Søndag 25. december. Været i Kirke. Lille Busser meget bedre. Spillet paa Salmer til Julefesten i Morgen. *Mandag 26. december. Om Formiddagen at pynte Juletræ, om Aften juletræ for Børnene. Aftenen gik godt med Kor og Komedie. Jeg spillede. *Tirsdag 27. december. Frida rejst hjem. Peder og jeg alene. Helt dejligt at være uden Pige. *Lørdag 31. december. Haft ''ulæseligt'', Ugerent i Herreværelset. Lavet Citronfromage. Lagt Lagkage sammen. Stegt Flæskesteg. Spist Middag 17,30. Om Aftenen kom Daugaards herop. Faaet Kaffe. Spillet Kort. Kl. 24 et glas Vin. De gik ikke hjem før Kl. 2 og fik da Citronfromage og Vin forinden. God afslutning paa Aaret. ==1933== *Søndag 1. januar. Glædeligt Nytaar. Peder i Kirke. Preben og jeg gaaet Tur. Busser ude første gang i surt Vejr. Peder læse op ved Juletræ. *Mandag 2. januar. vaske stor Ugevask. Har det saa dejligt nu Pigen har fri. Lille Bubber faaet en smule Forkølelse af Turen i gaar. *Tirsdag 3. januar. Rent over hele Huset. Rikke kom ikke at spille. Tysker her at faa kaffe. Frida kommet hjem igen. *Fredag 6. januar. Ugerent i Stuen. Peder og jeg gaaet Tur gennem Skovbakkerne. Aftenskolen og Skolen begyndt igen. *Søndag 8. januar. Været i Kirke. Kedeligt Regnvejr. Spillet i Kirken. Hjemme hele dagen ellers. *Mandag 16. januar. Jens Fragtmand kørt ihjel af Toget. Bagt fine kager til Peders Fødselsdag. Peder synge i Kirken over Fragtmanden. *Torsdag 19. januar. Faaet halv Gris. Parteret Gris, lavet Medister, saltet Flæsk ned. *Lørdag 21. januar. Fragtmanden begraves. Lørdagsrent. Klingende Frost. Bubber og jeg i Brugsen. *Søndag 5. februar. Aage kommen. Frygteligt Regnvejr. Kun mig i Kirke. Frida nede at sy Kjole. *Fredag 10. februar. Mor og far kommen. Lørdagsrent. Aftenskole P.A.. far i Aftenskole. Jeg noget sløj. *Søndag 12. februar. Sløj. Været i Huset til Komedie. Frida spillede godt, det hele gik godt. Mor og jeg tidligt hjem. *Søndag 5. marts. Op til Præstens at drikke Kaffe. I Kirke at høre den nye Præst. Dejlig Mand at høre, pragtfuld Eftermiddag hos Præstens. *Onsdag 8. marts. Præsten været her. I Kalundborg at spille. Dejligt mildt Vejr. Aftenskole. *Søndag den 12. marts. Biskoppen i Kirke her. Mange i Kirke. Peder og jeg i Kalundborg til Gymnastikopvisning. *Torsdag 23. marts. Faaet ny Cykel. Pragtfuldt Vejr. Til Radikal Fest paa Grand. Kørt i Bil med R. Madsens. *Onsdag 5. april. Rejse til Fyn Kl. 2. Ud at spille Kl. 9. Vejret fint. Preben god og nød det. *Torsdag 6. april. Hjulpen med at bage. Skreven Sange. Præsten og Fruen været her. 2 nye ?Svogre? været her ogsaa. Spillet Filikaneser, tabt 99 øre. *Fredag 7. april. Pragtfuldt Vejr. Været i Odense. Slagtet Gris. *Søndag 9. april. Peder ankommer til Fyn. Egon og John her til Aften. Spillet Kort. Bubber sød. *Tirsdag 11. april. Konfirmationsfest. Festen gik godt. Vejret var helt godt. Aftenen sluttet Kl. 1. *Onsdag 12. april. Afrejse fra Fyn. Pragtfuldt Vejr, god Rejse. Bil til Odense. Frygtelig meddelelse ved ankomsten, Frk. Sørensen ikke spille oppe hos Præsten. *Torsdag 13. april – Skærtorsdag. Været i Kirke og til Alters. Fru Brønno spillede. Været hos Carl Offersen og Præsten om Orgelspillet. *Fredag 14. april – Langfredag. Været i Kirke. Ude at cykle Tur til Jerslev og Ubby. Hos Sjødin om Orgelspillet, og Anne Marie spiller. *Søndag 16. april – Påskedag. Hundekoldt. Været i Kirke. Anne Marie spillede godt. Peder, Preben og jeg været i Skoven. Talt med Jepsens. *Onsdag 26. april. Ud at spille. Kalket i Kirken. Slagtet Høne til Frikasse. Skabe og Hylder rene i Køkkenet. *Onsdag 17. maj. Gymnastikeksamen. Præstens og Skolekommissionen og Doktor til kaffe. Ud at spille. *Torsdag 25. maj - Skærtorsdag. Stegt duer, henkogt Pærer. Peder i Kirke og Peder med Pastor Brønno i Jordløse Kirke. Hjem og ''ulæseligt'' Bryllup i Kirken. Bubber og jeg ene hjemme. *Mandag 31. maj. Preben i ''ulæseligt'' og med til Kalundborg at klippes og fotograferes. Ude at spille, strenge Dag. Om Aftenen hos R. Madsens. Sadelmagerens, Malerens og Brønnos vra der. Frk. Sørensen død som sindssyg. *Søndag 4. juni – Pinsedag. Biltur med Olsen til Karise, pragtfuldt Vejr. Dejlig Tur, besøgt Signe og ''ulæseligt''. I Karise Kl. 7. God Dag. Bubber nød Turen. *Mandag 5. juni – 2. Pinsedag. Frk. Sørensen begraves. Besøgt Stine om Formiddagen, efter Middag ved Højerup Kirke. Hjem at spise til Aften. derfra Kl. 7 til Bregentved. God Dag. *Fredag 23. juni. Martha Hougaard og Børnene kommet om Aftenen. Holdt Sct. Hans blus for Børnene. Daarligt Vejr. Præstens drukket Kaffe ''ulæseligt'' *Tirsdag 27. juni. Hougaards i Smakkerup. Peder, Bubber og Dagny i vandet i Kalundborg. Jeg ene hjemme. Spillet og strikket. *Fredag 30. juni. Hougaards rejst sammen med Vebers til Kalundborg og onduleres. Nede hos Vebers at spise Jordbær om Aftenen. *Lørdag 22. juli. Til København med Børnene, op Kl. 4. Rengbyer hele Dagen, Preben var ude hos ''ulæseligt'', god Dag. *Mandag 24. juli. Fader, Preben og jeg rejst til Fyn. Rejsen gik godt. Vejret straalende. Tante Natalie og Morbror herude. Pøle og Gemyse. *Søndag 30. juli. Peder kommen til Fyn. Været hjemme hele dagen. Faaet Sipind af Gertrud. Johan her. *Tirsdag 1. august. Frygtelig Regnvejr fra Middag. Peder cyklet til Hindsgavl Slot pa Kursus uden Overtøj, saa han er nok bleven vaad det lille Skind. Strikket paa Bukser og Trøje. *Fredag 1. august. Kørt Rug ind, godt Vejr. Hille ordnet papir til Bryllup. Strikket paa Trøje og Bukser. Busser glad for at ''ulæseligt''. *Mandag 7. august. Peder ankommer Kl. 9 efter en Tur på Gelsted. Færdig med Bukser. Godt Vejr. Hjulpen Mor med at Bage. *Lørdag 12. august. Peder rejst fra Fyn. Godt Vejr. Preben hæs og ''ulæseligt'' sig hele Tiden. Faaet Vin hos Gertrud. *Søndag 13. august. I Bil til Trunderup. Mor, Far, Eskær, Agnes, Helge, Busser og jeg. God Tur. Dejligt Vejr. Om Formiddagen hos Gertrud. *Torsdag 17. august. Været i Odense at købe Brudegave til Hille. Faaet Underlag til Prebens Seng. ''ulæseligt'' Kuffert. *Fredag 18. august. Afrejse fra Fyn. Rejst sammen ned Stine og Gustav til Slagelse. Kom godt hjem. Peder kom samtidig. Busser glad for at komme hjem. *Lørdag 26. august. Lørdagsrent. Flot Vejr. Bagt Plumkage og Franskbrød. Peders Bror Aage kom her paa Besøg uventet. *Fredag 8. september. Prins gift. Rent i Køkkenet. Op til Præstens; men Busser fik Feber og jeg turde ikke gaa med. Godt Vejr. *Lørdag 9. september. Faaet en Søn om Formiddagen. Sat Tøj i blød, og blev derefter Syg og fik Drengen Kl 2 3/4. Alt godt. Pragtfuldt Vejr. *Søndag 10. september. Pragtfuldt Vejr. Fru Sørensen været her og gjort mig i stand. Faaet Blomster fra ''ulæseligt''. Preben op igen. Præstens kom herned med en And og Blomster. *Mandag 11. september. Eva vasker Storvask. Olsens Kone hjælper hende. Fru Sørensen gjort os i stand. Godt Vejr. Fru Daugaard været her med Chokolade og Blomster. Marie 3. kr. for i Dag. *Torsdag 14. september. Regnvejr. Fru Sørensen kom og Brors Navle faldet, han har desværre gulsot. Fru Brønno været hernede. Lille Preben længes efter Mor skal op. *Mandag 18. september. Op igen. Gaar helt godt. Fru Thomassen med rent Tøj. Fru Nielsen og Rengøringskonen ude at drikke Kaffe. *Mandag 16. oktober. Peder i Haven, har Roeferie. Jeg vasket stor Ugevask. Skreven til Mor, Rosa og Estrid. *Søndag 22. oktober. Peder oppe at bestille Ringerens kone til Barnedåben. Peder hos P. A. om Lysbilledapparat. Godt Vejr. Prøvet min nye Kjole. Ikke glad for den. *Tirsdag 31. oktober. Pudset Vinduer. Rent paa Gæsteværelse. Lægge Papir paa Hylderne. Strøget Ugevask. *Lørdag 4. november. Til Kalundborg at onduleres. Lave ?Maionaise?, Ugerent i Sovevværelse. Bage Franskbrød og Horn. *Søndag 5. november. Lillebror i Kirke. Skal hedde Bent. Middag Mor, Fra, præstens, Vebers , Daugaards. God Dag. Bent mange gaver. Dejligt Vejr. Aften Andesteg, Is, Vin og Kaffe. *Tirsdag 21. november. Stryge Ugevask. Dejligt Vejr. Hjulpen fru Brønno at lave Sæbe. Busser med. Peder passet Bent. *Søndag 26. november. I Kirke ellers hjemme. Frostvejr. Med Peder til Andespil. Spille 4.,60 Kr. væk. vandt kun en lille Hare. Hjem Kl. 12. *Tirsdag 12. december. Stryge Storvask. Frostvejr. Præsten kom herned og spillede Whist til Kl. 2. Værre Præst. *Torsdag 21. december. Menighedsraadsmøde. Hovedrent i Køkken. Kommet af med Orgelspillet. Sigrid passet Børnene, hjem 12. *Søndag 24. december. I Kirke Kl. 4. Op Kl. 6 og travlt med at faa alt i Orden. I Kirke og en dejlig Juleaften med mange Gaver. Andesteg, ris a la mande. *Tirsdag 26. december. I Kirke Kl. 3. I Huset at pynte Juletræ Kl. 9. Til Juletræ Kl. 6. Pastor Brønnos hen at læse op. Preben søvnig saa det blev ikke meget Fornøjelse. *Onsdag 27. december. Ordne Tøj i Stand. Preben forkølet, maattet opgive Turen til Fyn, det var med tungt Hjerte. *Søndag 31. december. Op at spise til Aften hos Pastor Brønnos. Midnatsgudstjeneste. Stegt Flæskesteg. Go Aften hos Brønnos. Tarteletter, Skinke og ''ulæseligt'' Dessert. frokost, Kaffe og Vin efter Gudstjenesten. Hjem Kl. 2 1/2, i Seng Kl. 3 1/2. Børnene saa søde og gode. ==1934== *Fredag 5. januar. Aftenskole til kaffe. Ikke mere en godt 25 stk. Præsten spillet Whist. Betydelig skrap. *Mandag 15. januar. Vaske Haar. Bage. Vaske Ugevask. Læst ”Torden i Syd” færdig. Vores lille Bent begyndt lege med legesager. Preben tisset og kom i Seng. *Mandag 26. februar. Til Kalundborg. vaske Ugevask. Smed fru lund og Ringerens Kone ud af ?købe? gaven til Præstens. fru lund herned og drikke Kaffe. *Torsdag 8. marts. Foredrag i Huset af ''ulæseligt''. Peder læst op. Pudse Vinduer. Sigrid og Gunnar ved Børnene. Helt god Aften. *Fredag 16. marts. Aftenskoleafslutning. Frygtelig Aften. Dødtræt, i Seng Kl. 3 1/2. Faaet ?Ovnlampe? og ''ulæseligt'' , ca. 50 Mennesker, kaffe 2 gange. *Torsdag 22. marts. Eksamen, meget træt. Bagt Vandkringle. Lavet Flæskesteg, Rødkaal, Citronfromage. Pigen syg. Jeg hos Præstens. Kom hjem Kl. 1. Kørt hjem i Bil. *Mandag 26. marts. Pudse Vinduer og vaske Ugevask. Godt Vejr. konfirmanderne til kaffe. Store Børn faaet Ferie. Peder sløj. *Lørdag 31. marts. Rejse til Fyn. Godt Vejr. Rejsen forløb godt. Børnene saa ualmindeligt søde. Mormor sløj. *Mandag 2. april – Påskedag. Nede hos Svend. Over at ligge hos Hille. Børnene søde. *Torsdag 5. april. Pragtfuldt Vejr. Vasket og Strøget. Børnene gode. Helge hjemme om Aftenen. *Fredag 6. april. Til Odense at permanentkrølles. Strenge Tur til Kl. 3 1/2, ødelagt min Frakke paa Cykelturen hjem. ?Far? ud med den igen. Strøget og pakket. *Lørdag 21. april. Meget travlt. Lille Bent saa enestaaende sød og god, ligget og leget hele Dagen og bidt i de smaa Tænder. Busser ogsaa god. Vejret været helt godt. Peder i Haven. *Tirsdag 1. maj. Pastor Steen Bisættes. Peder dernede. jeg rullet og strøget hele Vasken. Frygtelig Nervesmerter. Børn søde. *Søndag 6. maj – Påske. Varmt. faaet vore Cykler i orden ?til Drengene?. bent spist Ispind, helt vild efter dem. *Lørdag 12. maj. Op Kl. 5og slidt til Kl 11 1/2 om Aftenen, meget træt. Faaet gardiner strøget. Børnene søde. Poleret Møbler. *Tirsdag 15. maj. Færdig i Soveværelset. Banket Dyner imellem Byger. Strenge dag. Børnene søde. Koldt. Peder i Haven. *Mandag 28. maj. Sendt Brev til Moder. Koldt. Maleren kom heller ikke i Dag. Faaet 35 Kyllinger fra Svend. 1 var død, ja men ellers var de spillevende. *Torsdag 31. maj. Malet sidste gang i Køkkenet. Pragtfuldt Vejr. Bent litd ondt for Tænderne. Børnene leget i Gruset. Peder luget Græs, jeg pudset Vinduer. Peder skylder mig 40 kr. Syet en lampeskærm. Skrive til Moster Estrid. *Lørdag 9. juni. ?Bror? Svend og Ingrid kommen. Slagtet Høne. Citronfromage. De kom Kl. 3 1/2 og fik Suppe. Pragtfuldt Vejr. *Søndag 10. juni. Godt Vejr. Kalvesteg, Citronfromage. Peder og Svend i Jyderup. Ingrid og jeg gaaet Tur til Stationen. Børnene søde. Varmt og Blæst. Børge besøgt os. *Mandag 11. juni. Svend og Ingrid rejst efter Middag. Overskyet. Sætte Tøj i blød. Træt, tidligt i Seng. *Fredag 2. juni. Sylte Jordbær. Rigtigt vidunderligt Regnvejr for første gang i mindelige Tider. Pragtfuldt, vi var ved at dø af Tørke. *Torsdag 19. juli. Ugerent i Stuen. Peder paa Udflugt med Børnene til København. Blev Tordenvejr. Jeg og Børnene nede hos familien Andersen. *Søndag 22. juli. Rejse til Aalborg. Rejsen forløb udmærket. Vejret pragtfuldt. Fin Middag da vi kom. *Tirsdag 24. juli. fader været i Nørresundby over Limfjordsbroen. Om Aftenen i Kilden. Agnes passet Børnene. De nyder rigtigt Ferien. *Onsdag 25, juli. Peder og jeg til Skagen. Køligt Vejr og Blæst. Ellers interessant Dag. ude i Klitterne og grenen. *Torsdag 26. juli. Ude at se Slottet. Marsvins gaard. Dagny ''ulæseligt'' og Bil til Blokhus. Vidunderligt Bal. Regnvejr om Natten. *Lørdag 28. juli. Rejse til Fyn. Fulgtes med Peder til Aarhus. Resten strenge Tur. Børnene trætte. *Torsdag 31. juli. I Dag kom Estrid og Børnene og de smaa Kusiner og Fætre var glade for hinanden. Inge og Preben laa sammen om Natten. De smaa nyder rigtigt at Lege sammen, et er en Skam de saa sjældent ser hinanden. *Torsdag 2. august. Byger. I Bil ned til Morbror Laurits Fødselsdag. Familie komsammen. Inge, Ruth og Preben leget godt. *Fredag 3. august. Preben faaet Skoldkopper, ligger i Sengen. Varmt Vejr. hille hjemme at lege med Børnene Eftermiddagen. Om Aftenen kom Svend og Ingrid. *Lørdag 4. august. Busser ligger endnu. Da han skulde bede Aftenbøn, saa han bad ”Gud fader i det Høje”; ”Gud fader i den høje Skorsten”. *Tirsdag 7. august. Været i Odense. Købt Korset og v. Hille passet Bent. Busser oppe igen og hjemme ved Mormor. *Onsdag 8. august. Spist Middag hos Svend og Ingrid. Faaet Billeder som er gode. Dejlig Aften. Kørt Korn ind Højbo. *Lørdag 11. august. Rejse til Værslev. Peder tog imod os i Nyborg. Rejsen gik helt godt. Byget og køligt vejr. Peder hjem Kl. 6. *Lørdag 18. august. Rejse til Karise. Peder rejst med os. Alt gik ''ulæseligt''. helsted paa Station med Hest og Vogn. rigtig noget for Børnene. *Fredag 24. august. Rejse til Værslev. Fint Vejr. Rejsen gik godt. Henne at hilse paa Stine. Børnene søde. *Mandag 27. august. Begynde Skolen. Vaske Ugevask. Pudse Vinduer. Nede at holde familien Andersen med Selskab. *Lørdag 1. september. Lægge Tøj i Blød. Lavet Bøf og Frikadeller. Slaget Duer, gjort Lørdagsrent, frygtelig travlt og meget træt. *Lørdag 8. september. Lørdagsrent, lave Æblekage. Mor og Far kommer. Preben blev saa Glad for det de kommer. *Mandag 10. september. Jubilæum hos Vebers. Til Middag Kl. 6. Til Frisør inde i Rørby. God Aften med Bal til Kl. 2 1/2. Frokost og Snaps. *Tirsdag 11. september. Strøget stor Ugevaks. Travlt, slet ikke Tid til at nyde Samværet med Mor og Far. Børnene glade for Mormor og Morfar. *Lørdag 15. september. Mor og Far rejst. Haft travlt. Lagt Tøj i Blød. Kogt Keddel ud i Allun. *Lørdag 22. september. Lave Æblekage. Stegt Kyllinger. Herluf kommen med 12 Toget. Peder og Herluf i Kalundborg. Vejret dejligt. Herluf 25 aar i Dag. *Tirsdag 16. oktober. Fremmede fra Karise. Dagen gik godt. jeg meget træt oven paa. De tog af sted Kl. 11. *Søndag 21. oktober. Rejse til Fyn Kl. 2. Daugaard kørte til Stationen. far og Johan ude at hente os. Bent søvnig til sidst. *Onsdag 24. oktober. Vasket Haar, Ellen onduleret det. Peder og Hille i Roer. Mor bagt. Travlhed her. *Tirsdag 25. oktober. Alle Børn herhjemme til Andesteg og risemad. Peder oh jeg i Kino og saa ”Barken Margrethe”. Helt godt. Moster passet Børn. *Lørdag 27. oktober. Rejst til Værslev. Bent strenge, slet ikke sovet. Storm. Preben glad for at være hjemme igen. *Mandag 29. oktober. Lille Bent er helt ivrig til at gaa, saa det kommer snart. Vasket stor Ugevask. Blæst og Byger. *Onsdag 14. november. Faaet Gris. Lavet Rullepølse, saltet, lavet Frikadeller. Bent ondt i Tænder. *Lørdag 8. december. Til Kalundborg at købe Julegaver, ud med Skinke. Erna passe Børn. Børnene været saa søde. Taaget Vejr, alt gik godt. Sat Penge i Banken. *Søndag 9. december. Præsten ned at spille Whist. Kaffe og Frokost. Travlt med at lave Mad og ordne til. Daarligt Vejr. Præsten gik Kl. godt 1. *Tirsdag 18. december. Bage Klejner, Æblekage. Vaske Haar. Godt Vejr. Vasket stor Ugevask, meget træt. Børnene søde. * Torsdag 20, december. Rent i Køkkenet og Fernisere. Julekomiteen til kaffe. bagt kringle. Meget træt og ''ulæseligt'' *Fredag 21. december. Ugerent i Soveværelse og Kælder. Lægge Sengetøj paa i Gæsteværelset. Preben daarlig. Børnene henne i Huset at stille Scene op. *Søndag 23. december. Bage Butterdej, koge Rødkål, stegt Hane, pynte Juletræ. Op at Krølles Kl. 1, meget travlt. Preben lidt bedre i Dag. *Mandag 24. december. Rent i Soveværelse. Lave Dessert. Bage Franskbrød. Jeg naaede desværre ikke at komme i Kirke. Preben kom op om Eftermiddagen, havde det helt godt. *Tirsdag 25. december. Fremmede fra Aalborg og Fyn. God Dag med mange Gaver. Bleven Frostvejr men med dejlig Sol. Alt gik godt. Eskær og Agnes rejse om Aftenen. *Onsdag 26. december. Juletræ for Børnene. Mor og Far kørte efter Frokost. I Dag ''ulæseligt'' for Vinter. Om Aftenen til Juletræ, gik helt godt alt sammen. *Lørdag 29. december. Juletræ, Peder læst op. Meget travlt, gjort Lørdagsrent. Jeg blev hjemme ved Børnene. *Mandag 31. december. Midnatsgudstjeneste, op at spise til Aften hos Præstens. God Aften, Børnene søde, ikke hjem før 2 1/2. ==1935== *Tirsdag 1. januar. Bent har nu faaet en Kindtand mere. Peder læser op ved Juletræ; men jeg blev hjem med Børnene, da Bent havde lidt snue. *Fredag 1. januar. Den frygteligste dag i mit Liv. Lille Bent faldt ned fra Brændekassen og besvimede, jeg troede han var død. Gudskelov at det ej var saa galt. *Mandag 21. januar. 60 Skolebørn til Chokolade. Bage kringle, drøj Dag. Frostvejr. Fru Andersen syg. nede med Vin. *Torsdag 24. januar. Ugerent i Stuen, Peder nede at vaage over fru Andersen i Nat. Børnene leget ude i Dag. Erna passet dem, og de var søde. *Mandag 28. januar. Sende Pakke Mor. Fru Andersen død til Morgen. Peder i Kalundborg. Om Aftenen hos Daugaards. *Tirsdag 29. januar. Fru Andersen bisættes. Nede ta hjælpe Daugaards om Formiddagen. Pragtfuldt Vejr. Faaet halv Gris. *Søndag 17. februar. Storm. Hjemme hele dagen. Peder skrevet Brev Amerika og skrevet Ansøgning til Gørslev. *Tirsdag 19. februar. Sætte Tøj i blød. Erna fri i Dag. Jeg gaaet i Brugsen med Børnene. Peder i Brændet. *Tirsdag 26. februar. Rejse til Gørslev at se paa Embedet. Regn. Kedeligt vaadt Vejr. Blevet frygteligt syg af udmattelse. Dejlig Skole, næsten ny. Børnene haft det godt. *Onsdag 27. februar. Pragtfuldt Vejr. vasket stor Børnevask. Peder sendt Anbefaling til Gørslev og cyklet til Forsinge med den. *Torsdag 28. februar. Spørge P. A. om der mon bliver gjort i Stand i Herreværelset, i saa fald sende Bud til Maler. Ugerent i Stue. *Søndag 3. marts – fastelavn. Præstens ned at spille Whist. Aage Frank kom til Middag helt uventet. Preben lidt oppe i Dag. Bidende koldt Frost. *Tirsdag 12. marts. Storvask. Pragtfuldt Vejr. Resten af Tøjet tørret. Stemme til Amtsraadsvalg. Fru Offersen været her til kaffe. *Onsdag 13. marts. Rulle og Strøget hele Storvask. Marie P. Olsen kom til Kaffe. Læst Anna Karenin færdig, god Bog. *Fredag 15. marts. I Kalundborg at hente Skinke, nede ved Fru Vebers med Listen til Præstens. Koldt men Sol og Frost. Kronprinsen Forlovet. *Fredag 22. marts. Eksamen. 8 til Middag og 10 til Kaffe. Om Aftenen til Sølvbryllup i Huset, holdt ud til Kl. 2. meget fornøjeligt. *Søndag 24. marts. Preben faaet høj Feber. Været i Kirke. Præsten kom herned med Chokolade som fru Brønno havde tabte vedrørende Bispevalget. *Onsdag 3. april Konfirmander været til Chokolade Kl. 3. bage Boller og Kringle. Preben været oppe 1 1/2 Time og haft det helt godt. *Mandag 15. april. Ugerent i Stuen. Strenge Dag. Bent er strenge at passe ved siden af Arbejdet. Preben noget hæs. *Torsdag 18. april – Skærtorsdag. Barberen kom og klippede Peder og Børnene. til Formiddag. Om aftenen Gudstjeneste med Altergang. Børnene har det rigtigt godt nu. *Fredag 19. april – langfredag. Peder i Haven om Formiddagen. I Kirke om eftermiddagen, derefter cyklede hele Familien til Snevris Skov. Om Aftenen Regnvejr. *Onsdag 24. april. Til Tandlæge og Syerske kom jeg ikke paa grund af at jeg fik en Omgang af min slemme Hovedpine. *Mandag 13. maj. Maleren begynder i Herreværelset. Tapetseret og hvidtet Loft. Frygteligt Rod. *Tirsdag 14. maj. Lillebæltsbroens åbning. Tapetseret i soveværelset. Taget fernis af Stuen. Frygteligt Arbejde. *Fredag 17. maj. Tapetseret Gang og malet 2 gange i Herreværelset. Streng Rod. Frk. ''ulæseligt'' og Mikkelsen her til Kaffe. *Søndag 19. maj. Været i Kirke. Koldt, Blæst. Præsten kom. Chr. Jensen i Kapel. Strenge at holde Søndag, Rod. *Tirsdag 21. maj. Tæppeudvalget kommer. Faaet 2 pragtfulde Tæpper. Stor Overraskelse med det ene. Sæbet Møbler af Soveværelse. Ikke færdig før 10 1/2, meget træt. *Fredag 24. maj. Kronprinsen giftes. Selskab hos Vebers. Begynde i Spisestue. Dejligt Vejr. Peder købt ny Lysekrone, meget flot. *Søndag 26. maj. Helt elendig tilpas, saa ondt i Benene at jeg næsten ikke kan gaa og saa hæs at jeg ikke kan tale. Strenge Dag, *Torsdag 30. maj – Kristi himmelfart. Skrive Estrid, Mor og Agnes. Brev fra Agnes, Lars er død, ringet derind og talt med Agnes. Peder i Kirke om Aftenen. Skreven til Mor. *Fredag 31. maj. Hovedrent i Entreen. Male Gulv. Køligt Vejr igen. Hovedpine, jeg tror ikke at min Forkølelse tillader at jeg rejser til begravelse i Morgen. Peder i Kalundborg. *Lørdag 1. juni. Sætte Tøj i Blød. ferniseret i Entre og Kældertrappe. Mildt Vejr, jeg kom ikke til Begravelse, forkølet endnu. *Søndag 2. juni. Færdig med hele Huset, dejligt. Vaske Haar. Været i Kalundborg til Dametræf sammen med Vebers. I seng 12 op 4 1/2. *Fredag 21. juni. Rejse paa Udflugt til Lillebæltsbroen. Hjem til Mor og Far. Ellen med i Stedet for mig. Blev til den største Skuffelse i lange Tider. Preben fik Feber og vi kom ikke med. *Torsdag 11. juli. Rullet og Strøget Storvasken. Har det bedre i Hovedet, men er meget mat. Meget varmt, lidt Tøj gjort i Stand. *Onsdag 17. juli. Rejse til Fyn. Familie ''ulæseligt'' derhjemme. Huske at sende Fru Daugaard Blomster og ''ulæseligt'' . God Rejse, men fik Hovedpine. *Torsdag 18. juli, Peder begynde paa Kursus. Børnene nyder rigtigt at være hjemme ved Mormor og Morfar. Lidt ustadigt Vejr. *Fredag 19. juli. Preben blevet syg, han har 39,4 men han haaber jo da ikke at der er noget særligt paa Færde. Ustadigt Vejr. *Mandag 22. juli. Op at hente Hille og Johan i Falsled. Bent træt paa Turen. Hilles Svoger død, fik de at vide ved Ankomsten. Bent syg 39,6 Aften. *Fredag 26. juli. Ellen meget syg. Daugaards kom sammen med hans Broder fra Jylland. Børnene var glade for at lege med Inge. *Torsdag 1. august. Meget varmt. Plukket Ribs, syltet. Hille hjemme om Formiddagen. Ingrid plukket Ribs. Ellen er bedre og har krøllet mig. *Lørdag 3. august. Ned til Hille med Bent. Strenge at ?Rejse? fra den lille kære Dreng. Preben træt. Det var ellers morsomt at Hille og Johan. *Søndag 4. august. Op Kl. 5 at Rejse til København, den gik godt. Peder hentede mig i Bil og straks paa Udflugt til Grundtvigskirken og 2 Skoler. Saa til kaffe paa Bellevue. ''ulæseligt'' og derefter Sang. *Mandag 5. august. Rejst til Stockholm Kl. 5, op 3 1/2 paa Rejse til Malmø. Strenge Jernbanerejse. Ankom Kl. 4, ud at spise til Aften og se Kongeslottet og Rigsdagsbygningen og Storkyrkan. I seng godt Kl. 10. *Tirsdag 6. august. Synge i Koncerthuset Kl. 8. Aabningsmødet Kl. 10. kunne vi slet ikke komme ind. Vi traf Vebers. Spist Frokost til Møde med Vebers. Peder synge i ''ulæseligt'' Kl. 8. Aften. Dejlig Fest med Spisning. *Fredag 9. august. Hjemrejse til København, derfra til Odense Kl. 12 1/2. Bil til Hille, og de var ikke gaaet i Seng. Dejligt at se den lille Bent igen. *Lørdag 10. august. Hjem til Højbo. Været med Hille i Odense at købe Ting til Hille og Mor. Kl. 4 cyklede vi hjem og Agnes og Eskjær var lige kommet. Preben var i bedste velgaaende herhjemme. *Søndag 11. august. Mor Bent og jeg alene hjemme. Far, Preben og Aalborgenserne var i Tvinde. Godt Vejr. Peder cyklede til Karise. *Onsdag 14. august. Hjemrejse til Værslev. Rejsen gik helt godt. Bent er strenge at rejse med, han fik Fingeren i klemme i Toget. Peder hjemme at tage imod os. Dejligt at være hjemme. *Mandag 19. august. Storvask. Preben fyldt pumpen med Sten og jeg fik ikke lavet før 2 1/2, saa jeg var ikke færdig før til Aften. Meget uheldigt. *Onsdag 21. august. begynde Skolen. Stryge Storvask. Spise til aften hos Præstens. Erna passet Børnene igen. De var glade fir hende. *Onsdag 4. september. Lave Marmelade. Bage Sandkage. Rent paa Loft og Gæsteværelse. Preben slaaet stort Hul i Hovedet. Til Lægen at faa Klemmer i. *Lørdag 7. september. Hørve Strand med Lærerforeningen Kl. 2. Køre med Christensens Bjerre. Preben feberfri til Morgen, talt med Friis, se Tiden an. Peder og jeg heller ikke med. *Onsdag 11. september. Til Kalundborg at faa Matrostøj og Frakke. Daugaards oppe at faa Chokolade om Eftermiddagen. Preben bedre. *Torsdag 12. september. Kørt til Stevns Kl. 7, nede at hilse pa Signe i Køge. Bent blev syg af Bilturen, hjemme Kl. 8 1/4. *Onsdag 2. oktober. Til Kalundborg efter Tænder. Tøjet tørret. Graat Vejr. Tænder pæne. ''ulæseligt'' Dyner. Preben hævet. *Fredag 4. oktober. Sykursus Kl. 2. Klippe Mønster, men det var for ?mange?. Lille Bent faaet sin nye Seng, og sover saa sødt i den. Erna passet Børn. Kogt Æblegrød. *Tirsdag 8. oktober. Sykursus Kl. 2. Fotograferes Kl. 9, taget Familiebillede. ''ulæseligt'' med Kjolen. Strikket paa Bents Bluse om Aftenen. *Fredag 11. oktober. Ernas Fødselsdag. Preben og Bent givet hende Lommetørklæder, Undertrøje og Chokolade. Byget Vejr. Børnene hjulpet deres far med at grave i Haven. *Mandag 21. oktober. Stor Vask. Erna passe Hus og Børnene. Efteraarsferien begyndt. Peder gravet Frugthave. Fint Vejr med en Byge. *Tirsdag 22. oktober. Storvask. resten Tøj tørres. Stemme til Folketingsvalg. Rulle og Stryge. Præsten kom herned med ''ulæseligt''. Fik Kaffe ''ulæseligt'' først hjem Kl. 21. *Onsdag 30. oktober. Ferniseret i Køkken, gaaet tur med Børnene. Har min slemme Hovedpine med Kvalme. Frygteligt som det tager til. *Torsdag 31. oktober. Hviledag. Til Kalundborg med Toget. Bent og Preben med. Noget mat ovenpå gårdsdagens Smerter. Købe Ost og Pålæg, Garn til Uldtrøjer. Børnene var glade for Turen selv om det var Regnvejr og Blæst. Fik kaffe hos Hartung. *Mandag 4. november. Vaske Ugevask. Syet paa Maskine repareret Tøj. Koldt Vejr. Aftenskole begyndte, men der var kun 10 elever saa vi maa jo haabe at der kommer flere. *Fredag 8. november. Ugerent i Stuen. Til Kalundborg kom jeg ikke paa grund af Hovedsmerter og stiv Nakke. Peder tog derud om Aftenskole i Rørby. *Torsdag 14. november. Bedstemoder begraves. Aftenskole, alle 13 Elever mødt. Serveret Kaffe til 5 Elever, 2 betalte ikke. *Onsdag 20. november. Syskole afholdt af Fru Brønno. 16 elever. Præstens og Marie til Kaffe. Skal til at servere kaffe for hele Redeligheden – Frygteligt. *Søndag 24. november. Hjemme hele Dagen og haft en rolig ''ulæseligt'' for en gangs skyld. *Mandag 25. november. Aftenskole, 7 elever til Kaffe. Faaet 2 nye Elever, 15 i alt nu. *Torsdag 12. december. Symøde Kl. 2 1/2. Op Kl. 6 og vaske Storvask, færdig Kl 1 1/2. Meget træt. Elever til Kaffe. *Fredag 13. december. I Brugsen at gøre juleindkøb. Pudset Vinduer. Skrive til Helge. Rent i Stuen. Peder i Rørby. Pragtfuldt Vejr. *Lørdag 14. december. Hovedrent i Køkken. ?Julekommission? til Kaffe. Brændte Mandler. Bage Kringle. Spillet kort til over 2 1/2. Strenge. Vand 1,20 *Søndag 15. december. Skrive Julekort og Breve. Frost, let sne. Gaaet til Station efter Avis. Meget trætte i Dag oven paa den Nat. Ingen Breve skreven. *Torsdag 19. december. Fernisere. Pakke og ordne til Rejsen. Op at krølles Kl. 8 1/2. Slagte 2 Ænder. Frygteligt Føre ''ulæseligt'' tage til Kalundborg. *Fredag 20. december. Bryllup Kl. 4. Rejse til Fyn Kl. 9 1/2. Sende And til Aalborg. Pakke til Stevns. Slem Hovedpine. Brudeparret nydelige. ''ulæseligt'' Middag, livlig Aften. Børnene søde. *Mandag 23. december. Rejse til Værslev. Godt Vejr. Børnene flinke, Far kørte os til Odense. Alt i orden hjemme. Koldt at komme hjem, men snart fyret op. *Tirsdag 24. december. God Aften. Mange Gaver og gode Sager. Andesteg og Ris a la mande. Preben og jeg i Kirke. *Torsdag 26. december. Juletræ i Forsamlingshuset. Strenge Aften. Børnene morede sig godt. *Søndag 29. december. Juletræ i Gymnastikforeningen. Peder læse op. Børnene med igen og det gik godt. Snart træt af Juletræ. *Mandag 30. december. Præstens og Svigerfar nede til Kaffe og Frokost. Bagt Lagkage og ''ulæseligt''. Strenge Dag. Rigtig god Aften. *Tirsdag 31. december. Op til Præstens at spise Middag. Regn og trist Vejr. Meget forkølet. Næsen dryppede ustandseligt. Tog tidligt hjem for ''ulæseligt'' med Børnene. Peder til Gudstjeneste Kl. 111 1/2. Hjem Kl. 2 fra Præstens.
ANNALOMMEBOG36
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Bent og Preben - Omkring 1935 |size=l }} Anna blev født i 1904 i Birkende sogn på Fyn. Forældrene var gårdejer i Søndersø sogn Mads Madsen og hustru Maren Kirstine Marie Pedersen. Anna var i sin ungdom i huset forskellige steder. Hun, blev i 1930 gift med Niels Peder Jensen Frank, som hun havde truffet i 1927, og var blevet forlovet med i 1928. Peder var i januar 1930 tiltrådt som enelærer i Værslev ved Kalundborg, og parret boede i hele perioden frem til Annas død, i Værslev skole. De fik 3 børn, Preben f. 1931, Bent f. 1933 og Inge Lise f. 1938. Anna døde efter længere tids sygdom af kræft, på Kalundborg sygehus i 1945, kun 41 år gammel. Det sidste lommebogs notat, blev skrevet kun 8 dage før hun døde den 20. august. Lommebogsnotater for øvrige perioder frem til hendes død, kan findes her: *[[Space:ANNALOMMEBOG29|Anna Marie Madsen - Lommebogsnotater 1929-1935]] *[[Space:ANNALOMMEBOG41|Anna Marie Madsen - Lommebogsnotater 1941-1945]] *Se [[Madsen-1547|Læs mere om Anna]] *[https://www.wikitree.com/photo.php/7/7f/Dokumenter-9.pdf Download Anna Marie Madsen - Lommebogs notater 1929 til 1945] {{Image|file=ANNADAGBOG-11.jpg |caption=Anna Marie Madsens familie
Klik på billedet for at se det i stor størrelse |size=l }} ==1936== *Søndag 1. januar. Til Socialens Juletræ. Børnene med. Jeg meget forkølet. Vi ikke før Kl. 12. Olsen fra ''ulæseligt'' kom og besøgte os. *Onsdag 8. januar. I Præstegaarden Kl. 7 1/2. Peder læse op. Regnvejr. Gymnastik Kl. 3. Kom ikke grundet Forkølelse. Rullet Storvasken. *Tirsdag 21. januar. Storvask. Kong Georg død. Erna passer børnene. Syaftenskole, 21 Elever til Kaffe. Fru og Frk. Sørensen kom og fik Kaffe da jeg lige var færdig med Vask. *Onsdag 29. januar. Bage Kringle. Sysskole. Elever til kaffe. Lille Bent faaet sin Finger klemt i Skoledøren. Til Doktor, meget slemt. {{Image|file=Frank-2714-3.jpg |caption=''Avisnotits om Bents uheld'' |size=l }} *Fredag 31. januar. Til Doktor med lille Bents Finger at faa Forbinding skiftet. Godt mildt Vejr. Bent var flink hos Doktoren. Ugerent i Stuen. Storvaskes. Præsten kom i Aften med Chokolade til Bent. *Fredag 7. februar. Hovedrent i Køkken. Forældremøde. Pastor Brønno tale, Peder læse op.Kaffe. 27 Deltagere. Bage Kringle og Brød. Aftenen gik godt. *Tirsdag 11. februar. Bage Chokoladekage, Sandkage, Vaniljekranse. Til Selskab hos Rasmus Madsens. Astrid passet Børnene om Aftenen. Blev syg derude, kastet op og gaa hjem. *Onsdag 12. februar. Rent i Spisestue. Syaftensskole, 14 elever til Kaffe. Sløj hele Dagen med masse Kvalme. Maatte gaa i seng til Aften. Peder og Børnene til Kalundborg. *Torsdag 13. februar. Symøde i Præstegaarden. Bage Boller. Peder holde Andagt i Præstegaarden. Ikke Brev fra Agnes. Lille Bent skoldet sig saa slemt i Palmin, det lille Skind. *Mandag 17. februar. Sætte Tøj i blød. Elektriker. Faaet lov at faa nyt Køkkenbord. Ned at se til fru Daugaard, har det bedre. Aftenskole. Elev til Kaffe. Skrive til Agnes. *Lørdag 15. februar. Preben 36,8 Morgen, 37,2 til Aften. Lille Bent ser slem ud i Ansigt og den lille daarlige Haand. Meget koldt i Dag, Frost og Blæst. Daugaard heroppe at høre til os. Fru Daugaard det samme. *Søndag 1. marts. I Kirke. Dejligt Vejr, Frost og Sol. Peder til Rørby at se Husflidsudstilling. Børnene med Erna hjem. Jeg kom ikke til Rørby, grundet Hovedpine. *Torsdag 5. marts. Tømreren sætte Køkkenbord op. Aftenskole 4 til Kaffe. Tømreren fik bare sat det gamle ud, da Maleren ikke kunne komme i Dag. Haralds broder og Søstersøn kom og fik Aftensmad. Træt. *Fredag 6. marts. Mureren kom at ordne kakkelovn og Køkken. Strøget Storvask. Aftenskole, 6 Elever til Kaffe. Meget træt. *Mandag 9. marts. Gjort Storvask i Stand. Koge Sæbe. Skrive til Mor. Tømreren begyndte at sætte Bordet op. ''ulæseligt'' saa trætte saa trætte i Dag. *Tirsdag 10. marts. Brugsfest. Amtsskolekonsulenten kom, fik Kaffe. Saa til Bal til Kl. 3 1/2. Humør over det. Erna og hendes Søskende passet Børn. Snevejr. *Torsdag 12. mart. Symøde i Præstegaarden. Tømreren Bordet færdigt. Maleren lakket første gang. Frost og kulde igen. Aftenskole, Elever til Kaffe. *Lørdag 14. marts. Op til Præstens at spise til Aften. Børnene saa sløje af det Maleren smører paa Køkkenbord. I Dag har det ?kun faaet? 2 gange. hjem Kl. 12 1/2. *Fredag 20. marts. Ugerent i Stuen. Ferniseret i Køkken. Stoppe Strømper fra Storvask og gøre Tøj i stand. Larkere Brændekasse. Meget daarligt Humør. Aftenskole, 9 til Kaffe. *Mandag 23. marts. Eksamen Kl. 9. Strenge Dag, meget træt i Hoved og Ben. Godt Vejr. Børnene leget ude. Skrevet til Agnes. *Onsdag 25. marts. Afslutningsfest for Sy og Aftenskole. 70 deltagere. Brev fra Amerika. Bal til 3. Nat. God Aften. Peder faaet Cigaræske og 2 Opsatser. Fru Brønno Kagekniv. {{Image|file=Frank-2715-88.jpg |caption=''Cigaræsken som Peder fik'' |size=l }} *Fredag 27. marts. Købt Cykel til Prebens Fødselsdag. Hele Familien i Kalundborg. Sol, kold Blæst. Ugerent i Stuen. *Søndag 5. april - Palmesøndag. Begyndt at lære Preben at Cykle. Lille Bent faaet sin Cykel lavet og cykler nu flot. Nede at hilse paa Daugaards. Fruen ligger endnu. *Lørdag 2. maj. Børnene og jeg rejse til Fyn Kl. 9 1/2. God Rejse. Om Aftenen hos Hille og Johan. Dejlig Aften. Beset Svends Hønseri. *Søndag 3. maj. ''ulæseligt'' drikke Morgenkaffe hos Ellen og Egon. 25 Gæster til Kaffe om Eftermiddagen. Rejst Æresport. *Mandag 4. maj. Sølvbryllup paa Slukefter Kro Kl. 5. Dejlig Aften, fin Middag. Kaffe og Frokost. Hjem Kl. 4. Gaaet Tur om Eftermiddagen til ''ulæseligt''. *Tirsdag 5. maj. Rejst fra Fyn Kl. 3,24. God Rejse. Meget trætte. Hundekoldt, Byger. *Fredag 8. august - Bededag. Brandstorm og Preben cyklede helt til Viskinge med Modvind saa det var godt gjort af den lille Mand. *Fredag 15. maj. Begynde i Gymnastik, jeg kom ikke med. Færdig med Herreværelse. Bent oppe om Eftermiddagen. Preben 37,8 til Aften. Torden i Dag. Ferniseret. *Torsdag 28. maj. Til Aarby at gøre i stand paa Haaret. Erna passe Børn. Selskab hos Præstens til Kl. 6. Om af Kalundborg at købe Strømper. Vidunderlig Aften hos Præstens. *Mandag 1. juni - 2, pinsedag. Aspargessuppe. Helt godt Vejr. Har haft stærke Smerter i Ryggen. Gaaet Tur gennem Skovbakkerne. Tidligt i Seng paa Pulver. Bent bedre nu. *Lørdag 6. juni. Pragtfuldt Sommervejr. Sætte Tøj i Blød. Faaet Brev fra Moder at Far er meget syg af Lungehindebetændelse, men vi haaber da paa snarlig Bedring. *Tirsdag 9. juni. Rulle. Jeg til kaffe paa Aldersro Kl. 2 1/2, helt god Eftermiddag. Peder passet Drenge og kørt grus paa Haven. *Tirsdag 16. juni. Dejligt Vejr hele Dagen. Vaske Ugevask. Bage Brød. Hjulpet Peder med at bære brænde paa loftet. Preben hjalp ogsaa til. Alle i Bad bagefter. *Lørdag 27. juni. Lørdagsrent. Lave Mad. Ellen og Egon ankommet. Syltet Jordbær. Bagt Brød og Boller. Siddet oppe til Kl. 1 og saa ikke kunnet sove. *Tirsdag 30. juni. Meget trætte. Peder og Egon i Kalundborg, paa Sygehuset og ude at bade. Ellen og jeg nede at hilse paa fru Daugaard. Den varmeste Dag endnu. *Onsdag 1. juli. Daugaard kørt for Egon, Ellen og Peder og Børnene ud til Refnæs. Jeg nede hos Fru Daugaard med Kaffe. Godt Vejr. *Lørdag 4. juli. Ellen og Egon rejst med 8 Toget. Træt hele Dagen. Erna hjulpet mig. Peder i ?Haverne?. Vaske Ugevask. *Mandag 6. juli. Slagte Høne. Faaet telegram om at Agnes og Eskjær ikke kommer før i Morgen. Peder i Haven. Børnene kørt med Bent. *Tirsdag 7. juli. Agnes og Eskjær ankommer Kl. 5. Peder i Kalundborg. Har faaet Gris i Dag. Meget travlt. Regnfuldt Vejr. *Onsdag 8. juli. Regnbyger det meste af Dagen. Eskjær og Peder cyklet Tur. Lille Kirsten saa sød. *Torsdag 9. juli. Peder og Eskjær ude at se sig om. Præstens nede og spise til aften. *Mandag 13. juli. Eskjærs afrejst. Sat Tøj i Blød. Peder til Doktor med sit Ben, det er Blodforgiftning og han skal ligge med Omslag. *Søndag 19. juli. Skrive til Fyn. Peder op igen. Veber synge i Kirken. Stærk Regn. Nede og hilse paa Daugaards. Præsten kom om Aftenen til kaffe og Likør. *Lørdag 25. juli. Lørdagsrent. Peder i Sengen endnu. *Tirsdag 28. juli, Havde Doktor til lille Bent. Han vidste desværre ikke hvad han fejlede. Peders Ben ser helt godt ud ''ulæseligt'' op i morgen. Bent 39,5. *Fredag 31. juli. Lille Bent er i Dag feberfri. Gud være lovet. Peder ligger i Dag igen fordi Benet ikke er saa pænt, nu han har været oppe et par Dage. Ugerent i Stuen. Plukke Kirsebær. Regnbyger. *Søndag 2. august. I Dag var Peder i Kirke og klarede den helt godt. Haaber nu at vi er ved at være ovre alt den Sygdom. Ned at hilse paa Fru Daugaard. *Torsdag 6. august, Pudse Vinduer. Godt Vejr men lidt køligt. Nede at Hilse paa Fru Daugaard. Lærer Jensen kom og Lærer Hansen i Stillinge kom en Tur og besaa Skolen. *Fredag 7. august. Ugerent i Stuen. Koge Grønkaal. Gravet Løg op. Gjort Prydhaven i Stand. Peder til Radikal Møde i Forsamlingshuset. *Lørdag 15. august. Afrejse til Fyn Kl. 9. Dejligt Vejr. Turen gik godt men jeg fik slem Hovedpine. Far hentede os i Bilen. *Søndag 16. august. Peder ankommet Kl. 5, skulle først synge i Kirken. Været ved Falsted, havde en pragtfuld Tur, Børnene nød rigtigt det gode Badevejr. Hjem Kl. 5 tog Peder med. *Mandag 17. august. Vaske Klatvask. Preben var med Morfar i Villestofte at Høste. Hille lige hjemme at hilse paa. Nede at spise til Aften hos Ellen og Egon. Dejlig Aften. *Torsdag 20, august. Til Vejle og Træballehus. Dejlig dag ?hvor? vi var i Jelling og at se Grave og Kirken. Bagefter i Odinstaarnet. Pragtfuld udsigt, vidunderlig dag. *Lørdag 22. august. Afrejse fra Fyn. Rejsen gik godt. Far kørte os til Odense. Bil fra Station. *Mandag 31. august. Plukke Blommer og prikle dem. Skrive til Moster Hille. Vaske Ugevask. Bage Brød. Hjulpet Peder at luge ''ulæseligt''. Storm men Tørvejr. *Onsdag 2. september. Slagte Kylling og sende den til Aalborg. Blæst og Sol. Rent Loft og Gæsteværelse. Dejligt Vejr. I Kalundborg for Peder. Peder færdig i Gaarden. *Søndag 6. september. Preben Feberfri - gudskelov. Høstprædiken. Bygevejr. Fridas Kæreste Niemann kom og besøgte os fra Jernløse Mejeri. Hovedpine. *Onsdag 9. september. Bent 3 Aar. Bage Boller og Vandbakkelse. Mor og Far ankommer pr. Bil Kl. 2. Faaet mange Gaver fra Daugaards og Moster Hille, Penge fra Morfar. *Søndag 13. september. Til Præstens til Kaffe efter Gudstjenesten Kl. 2. Om Aftenen Præstens og Vebers til at spise til Aften. Fra lidt ondt i Ryggen. *Mandag 14. september. far og Mor rejst. Godt vejr, sat Tøj i Blød. Peder til Efteraarsmøde til Eftermiddagen og om Aftenen. *Lørdag 26. september. Slagte 2 Høns til Suppe. Til Kalundborg, Erna passe Børn. Bage Brød. Sætte Tøj i Blød. Faaet Kjole til 75 Kr. Meningsløst. *Torsdag 8. oktober. Bage. Selskab Aften. Fru Lund Sørensen, Brønno og Vebers. Dejligt Vejr. Helt glad Eftermiddag. Slem hovedpine om Aftenen i Seng Kl. 7. *Fredag 9. oktober. Selskab. Offersen, Madsens, ''ulæseligt'', Larsens og Andersens. Bage og lave Dessert. Spillet Kort til Kl. 1. Folk morede sig helt godt. Saa er det da overstaaet. *Fredag 16. oktober. Til møde i Hørve. Køre Bil med Præstens. Lang dag. Hovedrent i Spisestuen men fik jo ikke meget til Side. Erna passet Børnene om Eftermiddagen. Hjem Kl. 6. Hovedpine maatte gaa i Seng. *Lørdag 17. oktober. Hovedpine. Færdig i Spisestuen. Erna passet Børn. Børnene og jeg i Bad. *Søndag 18. oktober. Magister Risager tale i Kirken Kl. 11. Erna passet Børnene og jeg gik til Stationen i Brandstorm. Uhyggeligt Vejr. Preben syet Knap i. *Tirsdag 27. oktober. Henkoge Pølser, Frikadeller og Karbonader. vaske Haar. Frygtelig Storm og Byger, helt Orkan. Forfærdeligt Hovedpine. *Torsdag 29. oktober. Rejse Kl. 9 1/2 til Fyn. Pragtfuldt Vejr. Rejsen gik godt. Morfar hentede os i Odense. De havde det bedre nu herovre. *Lørdag 31. oktober. Regnvejr og mildt. Far kørte for os ud paa Sygehuset, at se til Morbror Svend. Hentet Moster Agnes og lille Kirsten paa Banegaarden. Kirsten bleven stor. Utrøstelig Regn hele Dagen. *Søndag 1. november. Reformationsgudstjeneste Kl. 10. Børnene synge i Kor. Fint Vejr, vidunderligt Vejr, gaaet Tur til ''ulæseligt''. Hille og Johan kom om Aftenen. *Onsdag 4. november. I Odense at købe Hat, Frakke og Tørklæde. Nede ved Moster Hille at drikke Kaffe. Moster passet Børnene. *Torsdag 5. november. Rejse til Værslev. Regn og Taage. Rejsen gik godt og hurtigt. Peder hade Aftenskole. Eleverne til kaffe. *Lørdag 7. november. Lørdagsrent, sætte Tøj i blød. Til Kalundborg efter Penge til Frakke. Hentet Frakke paa Stationen. Peder synes den var pæn. Præsten kom til kaffe. *Onsdag 11. november. Rulle og Stryge. ?Rep.? Storvasken. Børnene nede og hilse paa Daugaards. Preben skrevet d og 2. Brodere Forklædet færdigt. *Lørdag 14. november. Lørdagsrent. Bage Kringle, skrælle Æbler. Rense Porrer og Gulerødder til i Morgen til Pølse. Brev fra Mor. Peder til Andespil, jeg alene hjemme. *Mandag 16. november. Sy Dynebetræk. Dejligt Vejr. Peder passet Daugaards Høns. Børnene leget ude hele Dagen. P. A. kom i Eftermiddag. Aftenskole. *Tirsdag 17. november. Sy Saaler i Peders Morgensko. Nede ved Fru Daugaard. Daugaard paa Sygehuset i Morgen. *Lørdag 21. november. Op at krølles. Erna passet Børn. Spise til Aften hos Vebers Kl. 6. Mildt og taaget Vejr, ellers god Aften, men som sædvanlig fik jeg Hovedpine. *Mandag 23. november. Slagte Ænder. Mildt Vejr. Peder ude at samle ind til H. P. Hanssens Mindefond. Aftenskole. 4 Elever til Kaffe. *Fredag 27. november. Ugerent i Stuer. Til Foredrag i Forsamlingshuset. Brønno tale om Hitler. Inge ?passet? Børnene. Med Fru Daugaard ud paa Sygehuset. *Mandag 30. november. Nede at se til Fru Daugaard. Inge faaet Difteritis. Stoppet Strømper efter Vask. Marie Ringer hernede og fik Kaffe. Aftenskole, 4 til Kaffe. *Lørdag 5. december. Lørdagsrent, lave mad, bage Brød. Peder synge ?Feridimand? ud. *Mandag 7. december. Murer sætte Kakkelovn ''ulæseligt''. Lappet Peders Bukser som jeg Brændte i gaar. Peder i Kapel med Aksels Kone. Dejligt Vejr. Børnene ude. Aftenskole. *Tirsdag 8. december. Demonstration i Skolen. 22 damer til Kaffe, ikke meget at lære. Frygtelig anstrengende Dag. Børnene og jeg forkølet. *Torsdag 10. december. Bage Brunekager, Klejner og Vaniliekranse. Frygtelig streng bagedag, de brune Kager drillede grusomt, men er gode. Aftenskole, Elever til Kaffe. Preben og jeg bedre med Forkølelsen. *Fredag 11. december. Forældremøde K. 7 1/2. 20 Deltagere til Kaffe. Bage Brød og Boller. Støvsuge Dyner. Præstens herned at spise til Aften. Helt god Aften. Edvard Abdiceret. *Tirsdag 15. december. Rent paa Gæsteværelset. I Brugsen at købe ind. Brænde Mandler. Sende Høne. Lavet Konfekt og Marcipan. *Fredag 18. december. Rulle og Stryge. Pudse Cykel. Bage Kringel og Brød. Julekomiteen til Kaffe Kl. 7 1/2. Fik frygtelig Hovedpine og Kvalme. *Mandag 21. december. Rent Køkken. Fernisere i Gang og Køkken. Vaske Haar. Kogt Sylte, henkogt Pølser. Aftenskole. Alle Elever til Kaffe. Meget træt. *Tirsdag 22. december. Slagte Ænder. Fernisere. Rent i Entre. Peder og Børnene ligget i Sengen med Feber. Jeg sendt Kort og Gaver paa Stationen. *Onsdag 23. december. Lave Mad. Onduleres Kl. 9. Pynte Juletræ. Strikke paa Prebens Bluse. Rent paa Senge. Børnene og jeg i Bad. Koge Rødkaal. Gøre Porre og Gulerøddder. *Torsdag 24. december. I Kirke. Bage Boller og Brød og Smørkager. Lave Ris a la mande. Trist Juleaften. Peder og Børnene i Sengen, men mange Gaver fik de. Jeg ogsaa syg og træt. *Fredag 25. december. I dag kom Moster Hille og Johan. Præstens kom ned at faa Kaffe. Peder og Børnene lidt oppe i Eftermiddag. *Lørdag 26. december. Juletræ. Børnene og jeg kom ikke med. Børnene fik 39 i Temperatur. Moster og Onkel gik med Far. Forfærdelig trist Jul i Aar. Jeg var i Kirke. Erna passet. *Søndag 27. december. Hille og Johan rejst Kl. 5. Frida og Niemann kom og blev til Kl. 12, spillet Kort, meget træt og sløj. *Mandag 28. december. Børnene bedre men maa ligge endnu. Børnene nok ikke med til Juletræ i Morgen. *Tirsdag 29. december. I Dag er lille Bent feberfri. Preben kun lidt Feber. Haaber saa at de kan komme op i Morgen. Peder til Juletræ, jeg hjemme. *Torsdag 31. december. I dag er Børnene helt godt i Slaget. Marie Cristoffer i Kapel. Peder i Kirke Kl. 11 1/2 Nat. Jeg ene hjemme da det nye Aar gled ind. Erna syg ellers skulle jeg have været i Kirke. Stille Nytaarsaften. ==1937== *Fredag 1. januar. Kedeligt Regnvejr hele Dagen, saa vi kom ikke ud at gaa Tur. Peder i Kirke. Meget stille Dag. Børnene helt i Humøret igen. *Lørdag 2. januar. Juletræ. Peder læse op. Børnene og jeg med til det første Juletræ i Aar. Børnene og jeg i Bad. Rent over hele Huset. Sætte Tøj i blød. Børnene moret sig helt Godt. *Søndag 3. januar. Præstens været herned og spille Whist. Kaffe og Frokost. Været i Marie Cristoffersens Begravelse. Harald med inde at faa Kage og Vin. Erna passet Børn. *Torsdag 7. februar. Aftenskole begynde. Elever have Kaffe med Brød. Bage Kringle. Jens Børgesen begravet. Skolen nede at hilse paa fru Daugaard. Juliane af Holland Bryllup. *Mandag 10. januar. Frida og Niemann kom paa ''ulæseligt''. Farmor og Farfar og Aage kom ogsaa og spiste til Middag, og blev til elleve Toget. Meget træt men morsomt de kom. *Tirsdag 12. januar. Menighedsmøde i Præstegaarden. Til Kalundborg i Formiddag. erna passe Børn. God Aften i Præstegaarden. Hjem 11 3/4. *Søndag 17. januar. Selskab. Frida og Niemann, Lærer Vebers og Olsens , Præstens og Daugaards, Chr. Hansen, B. Larsen. Der kom ikke andre en Præstens paa grund af Vejrforholdende. Spillede Whist. *Onsdag 27. januar. Skrive til Mormor. Den forfærdelige Østenstorm og Frost vedvarer, grusomt gennemtrængende. Børnene ude at køre i Slæde. *Søndag 31. januar. Snestorm og frygtelig Kulde. Hjemme hele Dagen. Peder i Kirke Kl. 2. Børnene lidt ude. Preben snart dygtig til at læse og skrive. Han er selv interesseret i at hænge i. *Fredag 5. februar. Ugerent i Stuen. Skrællet Æbler til Marmelade. I Dag begynde at slanke mig, frygtelig sulten. Børnene ude at lege. Preben dygtig til at ?læse?. *Mandag 8. februar. Rulle og stryge Storvasken. Nede at hilse paa Daugaards. Skorstensfejer her. Snavset i hele Huset. Hel ulykkelig over at se saadan en Ødelæggelse. *Lørdag 13. februar (Annas fødselsdag). Bage Boller. Brev fra Estrid, Ellen, Mor, Hille, Rosa, Lund. Forklæde og Blad fra Moster i Aalborg. *Torsdag 25. februar. Aftenskole. Frost og Sol, dejligt. Pudse Vinduer. Preben dygtig til at skrive og stave. Det er morsomt, for han er interesseret. Og saa vil de høre om Professor Spinat saa snart Avisen kommer. *Mandag 1. marts. Regn. Storvask. Tøj paa Loft. I Dag kom Dagny og Niels at spise til Middag og Aften. Peder Aftenskole. Børnene glade for Faster. *Onsdag 10. marts. Børnene i Bad og vasket Haar, jeg ligesaa. Aftenskole. Bage til Eksamen. Frygtelig snestorm. Stemme til Valg. Preben skoldet sit Haandled meget slemt, det lille Skind. 10 til kaffe. *Mandag 15. marts. Bage. Lave Mad til Eksamen. Sætte Tøj i blød. Lave Dessert, lagt Lagkage sammen. Peder og Bent til Tandlæge. Bent Pludderbukser paa, meget stolt. *Tirsdag 16. marts. Eksamen til Kl. 3. Kaffe Kl. 11. Spisning til Slut. Aftenskole, 0 Elever til kaffe. Strikket ?Kanter? færdig til Prebens Bluse. Storm. *Fredag 19. marts. Ugerent i Stuen. Afslutningsfest i Aftenskole med 2xKaffe og Bal, ca. 50. Solskin. Tøjet Tørret. God Aften, fik et Ur. Holdt ud til Kl. 3 Aften. Gøre rent Kl. 4. *Lørdag 20. marts. Erna hjulpet mig gøre rent. Meget trætte i Dag ovenpaa Nattens Anstrengelser til 4 1/2. *Søndag 21. marts - Palmesøndag. Husflidsudstilling. Peder i Kirke. Hos Præstens at drikke Kaffe. Jeg ikke med fordi Erna skulle Gymnastikopvisning. Preben syg, ondt i Hovedet. *Torsdag 25. marts. Bent syg i Dag. Jeg meget hæs. Preben faaet Feber igen, saa de ligger begge to igen. det er vel nok trist i Paasken. Bent Ørepine. Peder i Kirke Kl. 7 1/2. *Tirsdag 30. marts. Preben 6 Aar. Flaget op. Møde i Præstegaarden. Stille Dag. Pakke fra Moster i Aalborg og ''ulæseligt''. ?Skibe? fra Daugaards. Penalhus fra Bent. Pyjamas fra Far, Støvler fra mig. *Torsdag 1. april. Storm, Koldt. Preben begynde at gaa i Skole. Til Kalundborg at købe Konfirmationsgave. Børnene med. Preben svært glad for at gaa i Skole. *Fredag 2. april. Rulle og Stryge. Faaet Mad''ulæseligt''. Preben faaet 39 i temperatur igen. Forfærdeligt kedeligt. Lunds Pige kom. Færdig med at forføde Bents Strømper. *Søndag 4. april. Godt Vejr. Til konfirmation i Snoldelev. Preben 37,6 til Morgen. Erna passet Børnene som var søde. Skrap fest. Hjem Kl. 2 1/2. *Tirsdag 6. april. Dejligt Vejr. Preben ligger endnu med 37,3 til Morgen, men jeg tøt ikke tage han op endnu. Grethe kom ikke i Dag. Peder ude at hilse paa Konfirmanderne. *Onsdag 7. april. Vidunderligt Vejr. Preben 37,2, 37,5 til Aften. Forfødet det andet par Strømper til lille Bent. Peder i Brændet. Bent leget inde. Jeg læst med Preben. Lille Bent selv gaaet i Brugsen. *Torsdag 8. april. Pudse Vinduer. Drikke Kaffe hos Bernhart Hansens Kl. 7 1/2. Preben 37,3, kom op og i Skole. Nu haaber jeg at det gaar, virkede kvik i Skolen. *Mandag 12. april. Sætte Tøj i Blød. Preben meget syg i Nat, 40 gr. til Morgen. haft Læge 2 gange i dag. Peder i Kalundborg efter Medicin. Strenge Dag. *Fredag 23. april. 37,1 til Morgen. Preben blevet saa udslaaet i Ansigtet. Fra og Grethe i Kirke. *Lørdag 24. april. I Dag har Preben og Bent faaet Røde Hunde. Grethe havde sit mas med at holde Bent i Sengen. *Onsdag 28. april. Grethe Rejst. Preben 37,2 til Morgen. Første Dejlige Foraarsvejr. Aften 37,1. Syet mit Forklæde færdigt. Peder i Haven, Bent hjulpen ham. {{Image|file=Madsen-1547-6.jpg |caption=''Side fra Annas lommebog 1937.
Det er formentlig Preben
der har skrevet sit navn på den 27. april'' |size=l }} *Mandag 3. maj. Sætte Tøj i blød. Preben lidt oppe i Formiddag. Sov 2 timer til Middag, ingen Appetit. Lidt ude at lege. *Lørdag 15. maj. Erna hjælpe mig. Rent i Køkken. Fernisere. Kongens regeringsjubilæum. Dejligt Vejr om Formiddagen Regn om Eftermiddagen. Færdig Kl. 9 1/2, slidt med Hovedrengøring. Gudskelov at det Rengøring er ovre. *Torsdag 20. maj. Pragtfuld Sommer. ''ulæseligt'' gjort i stand. Bent været i Skole imens. Preben begyndt Skolen igen. Han var saa glad for det. Hentet Planter og sat. *Tirsdag 25. maj. Vasket Klatvask og syet Sommerkjoler op. Friskolelærer Nørgaard aflagt Visit, fik Kaffe. Flink Mand. *Lørdag 29. maj. Dyner fra Soveværelse ude at sole, skifte rent paa. Sætte i blød til Storvask. Lørdagsrent. Peder i haven. Børnene gaaet i Brugsen og Købmanden og hentet Mælk hos P.A. *Lørdag 12. juni. Lærermøde i Ulstrup Kl. 2. Erna passe Børnene. Cykle derud, strengt men kørte med Lærer Nielsens i Vollerup fra Nostrup Skole. Kørte hjem med Lærer Sørensen, Jerslev, til Rørby. Det var jo ''ulæseligt'' for vi var trætte. *Mandag 14. juni. Vaske Klatvask. I Friskolen Kl. 7 1/2. Det var en dejlig Aften, det var meget Flinke mennesker. *Onsdag 16. juni. Spise til Aften hos Præstens Kl. 6 1/2. Fik Hovedpine, maatte gaa hjem Kl. 11, meget syg. *Onsdag 23. juni. Sct. Hans Blus i Grusgraven. Stryge, reparere Tøj. Regnvejr hele dagen. Aftenen nogenlunde god. Sendt Brev til Amerika. *Fredag 25. juni. Ugerent Stuen. Hele Familien ude at se Kongen. God Tur. Hjem og have travlt. Peder i Haven. *Lørdag 26. juni. Selskab. Bage Vandbakkelse, plukke Jordbær, lørdagsrent. Erna hjælper mig. Bage Brød, lægge Lagkage sammen. Aftenen gik udmærket. ?Huss? og Frue kom dumpende Kl. 11. *Søndag 27. juni. Daugaards oppe at drikke Kaffe og Jordbær. Nørgaards oppe at spise til Aften og blev her, dejlige Folk. *Tirsdag 29. juni. Bad alle Mand. Sylte Jordbær, plukket Jordbær til Daugaards. Helt godt Vejr. Peder sendt Ansøgning. *Søndag 4. juli. Peder rejse til Fyn at bese Korup embede. Meget varmt. Børnene og jeg er ene hjemme. *Tirsdag 6. juli. Lidt mindre varmt. Preben i Skole. Præstens kom om Aftenen og fik Kaffe. Faaet Pakke fra Daells Varehus. 50 Kr. for Badetøj. *Onsdag 7. juli. Peder cyklet med Preben til Doktor og kom hjem at der var lidt ved den ene Lunge og Kighoste, saa han skulle i Seng med det samme. *Søndag 11. juli. Havemøde i Præstegaarden. Lægge Kringle. Spist til aften sammen med Pastor Finsmark. Godt Vejr. *Mandag 12 juli. Gymnastikkomsammen Kl. 9. Bage. Have Doktor igen. Lille Bent faaet 39,9 i temperatur. Nu har han Lungebetændelse, kedeligt. *Torsdag 15. juli. Ugerent Stuen. Doktoren kommer. Repareret Storvask. Daugaard op med Sodavand. Vidunderligt Sommervejr. Preben mere Feber. Kedeligt. *Søndag 18. juli. Jeg haft en pinefuld Nat. Næsten ikke sovet. Frygtelige smerter i Ryggen. Naar jeg trak Vejret. Børnene bedre. Været en slem Søndag. Døjet meget. *Mandag 19. juli. Haft lidt mere rolig Nat. Doktoren kom i Dag. Det er en slem Lumbago. Fik noget *Tirsdag 20. juli. Medicinen hjalp en del paa Smerterne. Preben lidt Feber igen. Peder urimelig over at passe os. Det er en trist ''ulæseligt''. *Onsdag 21. juli. Demonstration i Raasyltning. Bent lidt op. Preben og jeg maa ligge i Dag. Doktoren kom i Dag uden vi vidste det. *Fredag 23. juli. I Dag jeg op. Gjort rent i Stuen. Preben op 1 Times Tid i Eftermiddag. Slagtet Kylling. *Lørdag 31. august. Lørdags rent. Pakke Kufferter. Alle i Bad. Vidunderligt Vejr. Faaet Kul. Frida Fødselsdag og Bryllupsdag. *Søndag 1. august. Rejse til Stevns. Blomst med ned til Daugaard. Rejsen godt. Gik i Skoven. Børnene ikke i Seng før Kl. 9. *Mandag 2. august. Vaagen Kl. 4, og Børnene op. Cyklet til Karise. Frida og Niemann rejst. *Tirsdag 3. august. Vidunderligt Vejr. Peder til Stranden. Børnene, Farfar og jeg en Tur i Skoven. *Onsdag 4. august. Rejse til Fyn. Rejsen gik godt. Hille og Johan hentet os i Odense. *Torsdag 5. august. Peder til København. Ingrids Fødselsdag som vi var nede at fejre. Preben og Bent hos Hille. *Fredag 6. august. Høstet hos Morfar. Hjemme hele Dagen. Meget, meget varmt. N. J. og Regine kom om Aftenen. *Søndag 8. august. Peder kommer til Fyn Kl. 7. Ellen faaet en Datter. Jeg nede at hilse paa dem. *Tirsdag 10. august. Strøget, hjemme hele Dagen. Peder ved Hille at lave en Stol. Om Aftenen ned ved Hille og Ellen. *Onsdag 11. august. Kørt til Hasmark Strand i Sommerhus. Hundekoldt og Byger. Hille og Johan kørt derned med os. Kogt Høne. {{Image|file=Frank-2715-55.jpg |caption=''Preben, Peder og Bent i sommerhuset på
Hasmark strand'' |size=l }} *Torsdag 12 august. Hille, Johan og Mormor kommer Kl. 4 1/2. Drak Kaffe var i Vandet. Spiste til Aften. Spillede Boldt og Badminton. Dejligt Vejr i Dag. Haft en god Dag. *Lørdag 14. august. Grovvejr og store Bølger. Hentet Fisk. Regn fra Middag og hele dagen. Hundekoldt og mægtige Bølger. Badet 1 gang, Peder 4. Børnene vasket inde. *Onsdag 18. august. Hjem til Højbo. Hille og Johann hentet os. Dejligt Vejr. ''ulæseligt'' og Børnene kom da vi kom til Højbo. *Torsdag 19. august. Hjemme hele Dagen. Om Aftenen hos Jenses paa Toftagergaard *Lørdag 21. august. Rejse til Sjælland. Pakke og rejse Kl. 11. Mormor til Læge, vi kørte med til Odense. Haft en god Rejse og godt Vejr. *Mandag 23. august. Skolen begynde. Pudse Vinduer. Rent i Stuen. Vaske Klatvask. Henkoge Blommer. Vidunderligt Vejr. Peder i Stranden. * Fredag 27. august. Sy Dynebetræk færdig. Slagte Hane til Daugaard. Sætte Asier i Eddike. Vidunderligt Vejr. Børnene paa Møllegaard og se Tærskning. *Onsdag 1. september. Hele Familien til Kalundborg (og) se Persil Film Kl. 3. Stof til Kjole. Tomatpure. Dejligt Vejr. *Tirsdag 7. september. Til Kalundborg at købe gave til Bent. Rent Stuer. Skrælle Æbler til Marmelade. Storm. Preben og Bent til Gymnastik. *Onsdag 8. september. Alle i Bad. Slagte Kyllinger. Koge Kartofler. Lave Dessert. Lave Smørkreme?. Rent Soveværelse. Koge Marmelade. Druer ned. Lave Leverpostej. Enkelt Byge, Storm. *Torsdag 9. september. Bent 4 Aar. Bage Boller. Daugaards op at drikke Chokolade. Vebers, Præstens, Niemann spise til Aften. Mange Gaver. Travl Dag. *Søndag 12. september. Ellens pige i Kirke. Været i Kirke. Preben og Bent været ene for første gang. Hele Familien nede at se Svæveflyvning. Fiasko. *Lørdag 18. september. Morfar og Mormor kommer. Bage. Rent Soveværelse. Kogt Asier om. *Søndag 19. september. Pragtfuldt Sommervejr. Kørt til Regstrup og besøgt Frida. Været i Kirke Kl. 7 1/2. *Tirsdag 28. september. Rulle og Stryge. Reparere Tøj. Regn hele dagen. Peder lavet smaa Bakker til varme Ting. Preben dygtig i Skolen. *Fredag 1. oktober. Konfirmander til Kaffe. Rent Stuer. Dejligt Vejr. *Tirsdag 19. oktober. Rejse til Fyn. Peder cyklet til Stevns. Slem Taage men da vi naaede Fyn brød Solen igennem og pragtfuldt Vejr. Bent klarede Rejsen fint. *Onsdag 20. oktober. Børnene hjulpet Morfar i Roerne. Godt Vejr. Om Aftenen strikkede jeg Prebens Ærmer færdig saa kun Kraven mangler. *Mandag 25. oktober. Peder begynde Aftenskole. Søskende samlet til Andesteg hos Mormor. Helt strengt for Mormor. *Tirsdag 26. oktober. Rejse hjem fra Fyn. Flot Vejr. Rejsen gik godt. Far var paa Stationen efter os. *Onsdag 27. oktober. Spise til aften hos Præstens. Derefter Sønderjysk Møde. Erna passe Børn. Ordnet Skabe og Skuffer. Kogt Asier om. *Tirsdag 16. november. Syskole 20 Elever til kaffe. Skrive til Svend. Børnene i Bad. Bage til ''ulæseligt''. Koge Kartofler. Lave Dessert. Snevejr, Sol. *Torsdag 18. november. Til Kalundborg. Aftenskole, 3 Elever Kaffe. Vidunderligt Vejr, Frost og Sol. Faldet ned af Kældertrappen, slog mig en del. *Lørdag 20. november. Lørdagsrent. Sætte Tøj i blød. Peder til Gymnastikmøde i Ubberup Skole. *Onsdag 24. november. Præsten visitere Skolen. Om Aftenen kom Præstens at spille Whist. Præsten til Middag og Frokost. Th. Andersen Kaffe Eftermiddag. Travl dag! Præstens Natfrokost inden de gik Hjem. Preben 37,3-37,5, Bernt 37,6-37,5 *Fredag 3. december. Ugerent i Stuen. Peder Rejse til Fyn. Begyndt paa Handsker til Preben. Snestorm. Erna kommen og bliver i Nat. *Lørdag 4. december. Lørdagsrent. Erna hjælper mig. Til Kalundborg at hente Børnenes Tøj og fotograferes. Bent var vanskelig at fotografere. Peder kommer hjem i Nat. *Lørdag 11. december. Lørdagsrent. Gule Ærter og Flæsk. Kogt Æblegrød. Slagtet Høne. Frost. Alle i Bad. Ellen flytte. Brev fra Agnes. *Lørdag 18. december. Storvask. Sætte Pølse i blød. Erna hjulpet mig. Hængt Vasken paa Loftet. Bent taget sig en stor Cigar og gaaet ''ulæseligt''rummet. Sad og røg. *Onsdag 22. december. Rent Køkken. Fernisere. Køkken og Entre. Erna hjælpe mig. Ordne og parterer Grisen. Hundekoldt, Frost og Blæst. Peder lavet Scene. Træt. *Torsdag 23. december. Alle i Bad. Slagte And. Lave Mad. Bage Brød, Rulle og Stryge. Koge Rødbeder. br. Kartofler. Lommebøger i Brugsen. Daugaards rejst. Tø og Taage. Preben kan næsten ikke vente. *Fredag 24. december. I Kirke Kl. 4. Rent paa Børnenes Senge. Vaske Gulv Soveværelset. Lavet Ris a la mande. Juletræ pyntet. Børnene henrykte - mange Gaver. *Lørdag 25. december. I Kirke kom vi ikke, da vi kom saa sent i Seng i Aftes. Vi spillede Ludo og Børnene var saa optaget. Graat og Taaget Vejr i Dag. Hjemme hele Dagen. Børnene ivrigt optaget af at lege med de mange Gaver. Kørt paa Sygehuset Kl. 11 1/2 Nat, Blodstrømning. *Søndag 26. december. Ikke lukket et Øje i Nat. Peder og Børnene til Juletræ i Forsamlingshuset. Peder kom et Øjeblik, han havde Blomst og Æbler med. Lægen tilfreds med mig. *Mandag 27. december. Peder herud Kl. 9, rejser til Fyn med Preben og Bent Kl. 1. Sovet dejligt i Nat. haft Hovedpine, men fik en Tablet. *Tirsdag 28. december. I Dag kom vor far ikke, dan han bliver paa Fyn til i Morgen. Sovet godt i Nat. Hans Madsen inde at hilse paa. *Onsdag 29. december. Aktionærernes Juletræ (Kl.) 7. Sovet godt i Nat, Peder kom fra Fyn og kom herud. Børnene glade paa Fyn. Brev fra Agnes. *Torsdag 30. december. Pragtfuldt Solskin. Ikke sovet saa godt i Nat. fru Chr. hjem. Peder besøgt mig. *Fredag 31. december. Ikke sovet saa godt i Nat, ikke længere end til Kl. 1 1/2. Peder kom Kl. 2 1/4 og skulde af sted Kl. 3, fordi han skulde til begravelse. Erna ude at hilse paa. Føre dagbogen ajour. Knas - Kaffe - Lagkage. ==1938== *Lørdag 1. januar. Sovet godt i nat. Peder besøgt mig efter Kirketid. De har faaet 4 Børn herude i Nat og i Dag. *Søndag 9. januar. Op lidt efter Besøgstid. Peder besøgt mig. Været meget træt og ''ulæseligt''. Kedeligt Vejr. *Mandag 10. januar. Op før Besøgstid og i Tøj, dejligt at være oppe. Peder herude et Øjeblik. *Onsdag 12. januar. Hjem fra Sygehuset. Slem Taage. Smeden kørt os hjem. Var i Byen at handle. Peder paa Højskolen om Aftenen. Alfred Nielsens været hos mig. *Lørdag 15. januar. Lørdagsrent. Bage Brød. Mormor kommer med Drengene, dejligt at faa dem hjem. Bent været saa søsyg og kastet op. Stærk Søgang. *Tirsdag 18. januar. Peder 39 Aar. Mormor rejst med Toget 1,13. Peder faaet Blomst fra Daugaards. Syskole. Elever gratis Kaffe. Re. paa Maskine. Solskin. *Fredag 21. januar. Betrække Sengen. Ferniseret Seng. regn. Sy Pudevaar. Erna fri. Ugerent i Stuer. Peder renset min Cykel og hængt den paa Loftet. *Onsdag 26. januar. Peder klippe Drenge. Lave Sæbe. Erna fri i Eftermiddag. Peders Far kom til Aften og bliver nogle Dage. *Fredag 28. januar. Ugerent Stuer. Peder Møde hos Præsten. Erna hjemme hos mig. Farfar cyklet i Stormvejr. *Lørdag 12. februar. Sætte i Blød. Lørdagsrent. Bage Boller. Lave Fromage. Brev fra Mor at hun er mere syg. Gaaet Tur til Station med Brev til Mor. Lidt Sne. *Søndag 13. februar (Annas fødselsdag). Citronfromage og Steg. Koldt men Sol og frisk. Gaaet Tur til Station. Daugaards oppe med Tulipaner. Ellers hjemme hele dagen. Rolig Dag. *Onsdag 16. februar. Tapetsere ved Børnenes Senge. Erna fri. Bage Brød, koge Æblegrød. Præstens kom og gratulerede mig og fik Kaffe. Fint Solskin. *Torsdag 17. februar. Begynde at gøre rent i Køkken. Solskin og Frost. Faaet brev. Mor har det bedre og Agnes er hjemme. Aftenskole, Elever Kaffe. Friskolelærerens faaet en Søn. *Fredag 18. februar. Rent i Kælder. Preben lidt forkølet. Sendt Stol til Mormor. Faaet os en lille Søster Kl. 9. Alt gik vel, Gudskelov. *Lørdag 19. februar. Ugerent i Stuer. Fru Sørensen kom og gjorde mig i Stand. Frk. Madsen hjalp os ogsaa. Faaet Vin fra Børgesen. Brev fra ?Nørgaards? Mor har det godt. Fru Hansen inde. ?Edlerine? kom med Lagkage og Appelsiner. *Torsdag 24. februar. Haft ondt i Dag. Doktoren var her. Brev fra Hille. Pakke fra Svends. Svedt saa slemt 39,0 til Aften. frk. Madsen været her om natten. Peder til Samaritter Kursus. *Søndag 1. marts. Søster saa sød. Oppe og havde Søster i Bad og hun nød det rigtigt. Har det bedre i Dag. Vebers kom om Aftenen og blev til 12. Fik et Pudevaar, er meget træt. Søster fik ikke nok Mælk. *Fredag 18. marts, Syskoleafslutning. Bage Brød og Kringle. Dejligt Vejr. Festen forløb godt. Peder fik et Askebæger og jeg en kande med 6 Glas. Søster saa god. *Søndag 20. marts. Udstilling af Husflidssager. I Kirke. Vidunderligste Vejr. Søster været ude i Solen 1 Time. Preben lidt Hovedpine og Feber, ligget i Sengen. Mage Gæster at se Udstillingen. *Tirsdag 22. marts. Afslutning i Aftenskolen. Bage Kringle. Fik et Sølvspisebestik. 60 Mennesker. Aftenen gik godt med Dans til 3 1/4 og rengøring til Kl. 5. Søster var saa sød og god. Meget træt. *Onsdag 23. marts. Bage til Eksamen. Til Kalundborg at købe Kjole. Meget trætte i Dag. Preben og Bent ligger i Sengen endnu. Bent 38,1 til Morgen. *Torsdag 24. marts. Sætte Tøj i blød. Lave Dessert. Lægge Vandkringle. Lægge lagkage sammen. Grovvejr. Erna fri. Preben oppe og i Skole. Bent ligger endnu. Søster ''ulæseligt''. *Fredag 25. marts. Eksamen Kl. 9. Op at bage Kringle. Streng Dag. Søster sød og kær. 12 Kaffe. 10 til Spisning. *Mandag 28. marts. Ugerent i Stuen. Rullet. Dejligt Vejr. Søster ude. Til Præstens at drikke Kaffe Kl. 7 1/2. Tegnet Livsforsikring til alle 3 Børn paa hver 15.000. *Onsdag 30. marts (Prebens fødselsdag). Bage Boller. Konfirmanderne til Kaffe. Brev fra Mormor. 1 Dollar fra Amerika. Brev og Strømper Moster Estrid. Biler Daugaards. Bog fra Moster Agnes. Penge fra Mor. Tandbørste og Krus fra Bent, Far og Mor. *Torsdag 31. marts. Ordne Skabe og Skuffer. Pudse Sølvtøj om Eftermiddagen. Prøve Kjole Kl. 18. Strengt i Storm og Modvind. Peder lavet Sang. Tale med Syersken i Tømmerup. Eventuelt købe Stof til sort Kjole. Købe Silkestrømper, Tandbørster og ''ulæseligt'' til nye Kjole. Købe Gave, Fru Veber. Mannasaft, Afføring. 2 m. Baand 1 Tomme brede. *Torsdag 7. april. Forældremøde. 30 til Kaffe. Ferniseret første gang. Stryge Gardiner Holdt ud til Kl. 12 1/2 og var oppe til Kl. 5, saa det var strengt. *Søndag 10. marts. Skrive brev Agnes, takke (for) gaven. Lægge rent paa Senge. Fernisere i Køkken og Gang. Søster vejer 9 pd. Tale med ''ulæseligt''. Invitere Præstens, ''ulæseligt'' Madsen, Daugaard. *Lørdag 16. april. Mor og Far ankommer. Frk. Madsen hjulpet os. Dejligt Vejr. Mormor meget sløj. *Søndag 17. april - Påskedag. Bryllupsdag. Søster i Kirke, hedder Inge Lise. Mor og Far med i Kirke. Daugaards, Præstens og Madsens her til Middag, festlig Aften. Stormvejr. *Mandag 18. april. Meget trætte i Dag. Erna fri. Lidt bedre Vejr. Mor llidt sløj. Brev og Kjole fra Agnes. *Tirsdag 19. april. Mor og Far rejst. Dejligt Vejr. Lille Søster faaet Flaske. Det er kedeligt at jeg ikke har mere. Gaaet Tur med alle 3 Børn. *Søndag 1. maj. Jensen Jubilæum. Skrive til Langeland hvad Søster hedder. Gaaet Tur med alle Børnene og nede og hilse paa Daugaards. Hille faaet en Søn. *Tirsdag 3. maj. Dejligt Vejr. Søster sovet hele Dagen, hun er en henrivende lille Pige. Søster og jeg gaaet Tur. *Tirsdag 5. maj. Brev fra Hille med en lille Kjole til Søster. Hille faaet en Søn i Søndags, dejligt. Peder og Preben i Viskinde. Bent kastet op. *Onsdag 11. maj. Rulle og Stryge. Mormor kommet paa Sygehuset. Tømmerens Kone og ?Elo? kom med paa Sygehuset. Godt Vejr. Bent ligger endnu. Søster sød. *Fredag 13, maj. Kyllingesteg og Æblegrød. Skriv at sende Pakke til Mormor og Hille. Hele Familien gaaet Tur til Stationen. Søster leet højt. *Lørdag 14. maj. Rent over hele Huset. Søster rejser Hovedet op, fremmeligt Barn. Meget travlt. Varmt Sommervejr. *Søndag 15. maj. Søster Fotograferet. Nørgaards inde at præsentere Sønnen og fik Kaffe. 29 Gr. varmt. *Mandag 16. maj. Vaske stor Børnevask. Peder Kalundborg hente Sølvtøj. Lagt Cement i Kælderen. Meget varmt 35 Gr. i Solen. Meget træt. *Torsdag 19. maj. Pudse Vinduer efter Murer. Peder i Kalundborg efter Bents Sko og ''ulæseligt'' . Regn. Muren pudset gavlen. Færdig i Kælderen. *Lørdag 28. maj. Lørdagsrent, lave Mad. Alle i Bad. Preben 37,4. Frygtelig Orkan. Søster nu 4 Fl. og 2 gange Bryst. *Onsdag 1. juni. Pudse Vinduer. Brev fra Agnes at Mor er meget syg. Til Kalundborg at købe ?Kurv? *Torsdag 2. juni. Rejse til Fyn med alle 3 Børn. Ude at se til Morsom er meget sløj. Trist at se. *Fredag 3. juni. Preben har Feber i Dag. Ude at se til Mor, som var sløj. Skrevet til Agnes og Peder. Søster sød. *Lørdag 4. juni. Ude at se til Mor som havde det ved det samme. Preben ligger endnu. *Søndag 5. juni - Pinsedag. Preben 37,6 til Morgen, 37,7 til Aften, kedeligt. Mor havde det bedre. Hille og Johan hjemme. Søster ude at se til Mormor. *Mandag 6. juni - 2. Pinsedag. Peder til Fyn. Ude ved Mormor. Estrid og familien ude at hilse paa os. Dejligt Vejr. Preben ligger endnu 37,7 - 37,8. *Torsdag 9. juni. Rejse til Værslev. Regn. Rejsen gik godt. Søster god, men sov ikke paa hele Rejsen. *Fredag 10. juni. Lærermøde. Ugerent i Stuen. Jeg kom ikke med. Søster faar slet ikke Bryst mere om Natten. Jeg har ikke en Draabe. *Torsdag 16. juni. Vintertøjet solet. Storm. Til Kalundborg igen til Syerske som var syg, saa det hele var spildt. Søster sovet hele tiden jeg var væk. *Søndag 19. juni. Frida og Niemann kom paa besøg. Flæskesteg, Ost og Jordbær. Lærer Nielsens, Melby, kom og fik Kaffe. Meget træt. Søster god. *Mandag 20. juni. Vaske og Stryge stor Børnevask. Sølvbryllup i Skovbakker. Sendt en Blomst til 3 Kr. derned. Søster været henrivende god. Ligget og leget hele Eftermiddagen uden at græde. *Mandag 27. juni. Storvask. Op Kl. 3 1/4. Hele Vasken tørret og rullet. Øsende Regn da jeg fik det sidste stykke ind. Heldigt. *Lørdag 2. juli. Lørdagsrent. Henkoge Spinat. Regn om Formiddagen. Alle i Bad. Meget træt. Paa Slankekur. *Søndag 3. juli. Vidunderligt Vejr. Hjemme hele Dagen. Spillet Badminton. *Onsdag 6. juli. Rent Køkkenet. Ferniseret 1. gang. Godt Vejr. Bilforhandler været her og fremvist en 34 Model Bil. Vi betænker os. *Torsdag 7. juli. Pudse Vinduer. Ferniseret 2. gang. Køkken og Entre. Se paa en 37 Model. Stryge Børnevask. Peder købt en Bil 3800,00 {{Image|file=Madsen-1547-20.jpg |caption=''Anna med børnene foran bilen den 7 juli 1938'' |size=l }} *Lørdag 9. juli. Sætte tøj i Blød. Lørdagsrent. Rent Stue. Peder køre første gang. Bent sløj og har Ørepine. Betalt 3 Tusind paa Bilen. *Mandag 11. juli. Storvask, op Kl. 2 1/2. Færdig vaske og gjort rent Kl. 10. Tøjet tørret og rullet. Skrive til Mor. Peder ud at køre. *Torsdag 14. juli. Reparere Storvask. Lappe Bukser. Prøve Kjole i Kalundborg. Vidunderligt Vejr for første gang i lange Tider. {{Image|file=Madsen-1547-8.jpg |caption=''Annas kvittering for kjolen'' |size=l }} *Lørdag 16. juli. Hente Kjolen. Lørdagsrent. Henkoge Ærter. Lave Italiensk Salat. Meget varmt. Bilen indregistreret. Meget træt. Alle i Bad. *Torsdag 21. juli. Pudse Vinduer. Plukke Solbær færdig. varmt. Søster faaet lidt varmeknopper. Meget, meget træt. Færdig Kl. 10 1/2. Ringet at Mor saa syg. *Fredag 22. juli. Rejst til Fyn med Børnene Kl. 11. Mor havde det lidt bedre. Rejsen gik godt. Agnes var her. *Lørdag 23. juli. Været ude ved Mor som havde det lidt bedre. Estrid herhjemme at hilse paa os. *Søndag 24. juli. Morfars Fødselsdag. Alle 7 Søskende samlet Kl. 10 hos Mormor og ?sendte? en stor Blomsterkurv. Drengene rejst til Langeland. Givet morfar Cigar. *Mandag 25. juli. Skrive til Peder. Jeg ned til Hille. Ringe til Estrids Bryllupsdag. Været nede hos Nathalie og Tante Maren. Mor sløj. *Tirsdag 26. juli. Ned til Hille. Ringet til Langeland. Meget varmt. Mor har det lidt bedre. Søster og Günther saa søde. *Onsdag 27. juli. Hille og jeg skiftes til at være hos Mor. Mor syg om Aftenen. Hille ?vaaget? i Nat. *Torsdag 28. juli. Mor har det bedre. Meget varmt. Søster befinder sig godt hos Moster sammen med Günther. *Fredag 29. juli. Mor kommet paa Fællesstue og har det bedre. Skrevet Peder og Agnes. *Lørdag 30. juli. Mor sløj igen og kom paa Eneværelse og maatte have Iltapparat. Hille og jeg ude hos Mor Kl. 12. Far Kl. 3. *Søndag 31. juli. Meget, meget varmt. Mor har det en smule bedre. Ringet til Langeland. Preben forkølet paa Langeland. Johan kørt en lille Tur for os til Sygehus. Far nede og spise hos Hille. *Lørdag 6. august. Søster faet Kiksemad og Vælling. Ringe til Estrid sige farvel. Huske Strømper. Mor sløj - Sørgeligt at se. *Søndag 7. august. Rejse hjem til Værslev. Mor saa lige Børnene, men meget sløj. Peder hentede os paa Stationen. *Søndag 14. august. For første gang ved Stranden i Aar. Søster, Bent og jeg med Toget, Far og Preben cyklet. Dejligt at komme i Vandet. Alle Børnene nød Turen. *Mandag 15. august. Brev fra Hille og Estrid. Sløjt med vor kære Mor, sørgeligt. Permanentkrøllet. Peder passe Børnene, og saa ude at køre Kl 4. *Tirsdag 16. august. Peder op ti Køreprøve og bestod med Glans. Kørt en tur til Jyderup og saa ?Brandtomten? og Skarridsø. *Torsdag 18. august. Søster 1/2 Aar. I Dag kørte vi til Stevns og Turen gik godt. Ophold i Sorø og Ringsted. Søster sød, Bent syg. *Fredag 19. august. Regn hele dagen. Kørt hjem til Værslev og Turen gik godt. Bent faldt i Mergelgraven med Henning. *Søndag 21. august. Besøge Frida og Niemann. Fotografere Bilen og Søster. Tordenbyger. Turen gik godt. Saa Løvenborg Slot og Park. *Mandag 22. august. Skolen begynde. Sætte Tøj i Blød. Til Kalundborg. Bage Brød. Lavet 7 Glad Æblegele og Æblegrød. Godt Vejr. *Lørdag 3. september. Køre til Fyn. Betale Motor 40 Kr. Blade med til Ellen. Mor meget, meget syg. Strengt at se. Turen gik godt. *Søndag 4. september. Køre til Værslev. Gudstjeneste Kl. 7 1/2. Turen gik godt. Været hos Mormor i Nat. meget træt. Stakkels Mormor. *Mandag 5. september. Sylte Asier og Blommer jeg fik af Morfar. Vaske en Børnevask. Skrevet Agnes og Hille. Meget træt og nervøs. *Tirsdag 6. september. Pudset Vinduer. Prøvet Kjole. Regnvejr. Vor kære Mor døde Kl. 3 i Nat. Fred være med hende. *Fredag 9. september. Bent 5 Aar. Til Kalundborg at hente Kjole. ?Have? Sko. Købe Frakker Drengene og Strømper mig. Fint Vejr. Bent faaet Tudehorn fra Daugaard. *Lørdag d. 10. september. Mor begraves Kl. 2. Køre til Fyn Kl, 4 1/2. Pæn Begravelse. Søskende samlet hos Hille, *Søndag 11. september. Køre til Værslev. Været i Kirke i Paarup. Agnes med Familie rejst Kl. 1, vi tog af sted Kl. 3. God Tur til Værslev. Preben sløj og forkølet. *Søndag 18. september. Søster 7 Md. Vi kørte en Tur med Daugaards til Høve Stræde. Skønt deroppe. Drengene alene hjemme. Jeg været til Høstgudstjeneste. *Søndag 25. september. Sætte Tøj i Blød. Peder i Kirke Kl. 2. Kl. 4 kørte vi til Stevns. Var dernede Kl. 6. Bent godt tilpas. Frida og Niemann hos Farmor. *Mandag 26. september. Været i Hellested at søge Embede. Strenge Dag, Børnene i Karise hos Faster Stine. Kørt fra Farmor Kl. 7. Hjemme Kl. 9 1/4. Børnene søde. *Fredag 30. september. Rent Stue. Hele Familien til Kalundborg. Fint Vejr. Nede at se Flyvepladsen. 17-18 Maskiner. *Lørdag 1. oktober. Kogt Suppe ''ulæseligt''. Drengene nede at se Flyvning saa jeg havde ingen Barnepige. *Fredag 7. oktober. Ugerent i Stuen. Til Sorø at betale Afdrag paa Bilen. Betalt 500 Kr.. Regnvejr, God Tur. *Lørdag 22. oktober. Soveværelse færdig. Peder meget dygtig til at hjælpe mig. Søster saa sød- *Tirsdag 25. oktober. Køkken og Kælder. Peder til Kaminmøde. Søster været saa sød og jeg blev færdig i Køkken og ferniseret. *Fredag 28. oktober. Søster faaet den første Tand. Meget mildt. Ude at se Champgagnegaloppen. Ketty passet Børn. *Mandag 31. oktober. Rulle Storvask, vaske Børnevask. Fint Vejr. Har slemme Smerter i mit Ben. Søster rejser nu det lille Hoved op og kigger ud af Sengen. *Onsdag 2. november. Til Frisørinde og gøres i stand alle Mand. Koge Æblegrød. Drengene stole over at faa Skilning i Haaret. *Fredag 11. november. Ugerent i Stuen. Preben og Bent til Gymnastik for første gang. Gik selv i mørket derhen. *Mandag 14. november. Storvask, ?Lysedug? med. Aftenskole, 13 Elever Kaffe. Bent kan nu helt cykle, selv om han vælter ''ulæseligt'' imellem. *Onsdag 16. november. Strikke pa Søsters Kjole. Skrive Svend og Johan. Syskolen begynde, 10 Elever, kaffe gratis. Vebers kom til Kaffe. Har faaet Vogn. *Torsdag 17. november. Aftenskole, 6 Elever Kaffe. Rulle og Stryge. Dødtræt i Aften. Det er nu et strenge Liv. *Fredag 18. november. Søster 9 Md. Ugerent Stuer. Bager. Stoppe Strømper. Dødtræt, i Seng Kl. 9 og læse Avis. *Lørdag 19. november. lave Mad og Dessert. Lørdagsrent. Regnvejr. Alle i Bad. Meget, meget træt. *Søndag 20. november. Fridas og Signe kommer. Koldt. Oksesteg, Ost og Æblekage. God Dag. *Mandag 21. november. 9 Elever til Kaffe. Aftenskole, meget træt. Vasket stor Børnevask. Mit Hoved saa overkørt. *Søndag 4. december. Taage tæt. Hjemme hele Dagen. Peder i Kapel med L. P. Offersen. *Tirsdag 6. december. Forældremøde. 40 til kaffe. Sol og dejligt Vejr. Der kom 52 Kr. ind til Pakkefest til Juletræ. *Onsdag 7. december. Syskole. Elever Kaffe. Til Begravelse og spise til Aften. Ketty passe Børn. *Fredag 9. december. Ugerent i Stuer. Forældreforeningen til Kaffe. Bage Brød og Kringle. *Søndag 11. december. Hjemme hele Dagen. Søster faaet Mikkel Hest lavet og er glad for at sidde der. Rullet og stoppe Strømper. *Onsdag 14. december. Møde paa Højskolen. Indenrigsministeren taler. Bage br. Kager og Franskbrød. *Onsdag 21. december. Koge Sylte, lave Leverpostej. Skure Gulve i Køkken og Entre ferniseret. Rulle. Drengene til Gymnastik. ?Malte inde af Vinduet? *Torsdag 22. december. Rent i Herreværelset. Stryge om Aftenen. Aftenskole. Isslag. Mit Hoved daarligt. Meget træt. Søster sød. *Fredag 23. december. Lave Mad. Fernisere 2 gang. Rent i Soveværelse. Bage Brød, lave Salat, lave Medister og henkoge ''ulæseligt'' Æbler. *Lørdag 24. december. Pynte Juletræ. Lave Ris a la mande. Jeg i Kirke. Mange Gaver. God Aften. *Søndag 25. december. Far og Drengene i Kirke. Ellers en rolig Dag. *Mandag 26. december. Juletræ i Forsamlingshuset. Morfar og Søster blev hjemme, fordi det var saa koldt. *Tirsdag 27. december. Slemt Vejr. Isslag og Snestorm. Søster og Morfar fine venner, de kan rigtig sludre sammen. *Onsdag 28. december. Kom ikke til Stevns, da Vejene er ufremkommelige. Spillet Kort med Far. Tabte 21 Øre. *Torsdag 29. december. Været i Kalundborg, men grimt Føre og Vinduer frøs hele tiden. Spillet Kort. Vundet 57 Øre. *Fredag 30. december. Far rejse. Juletræ, men jeg blev hjemme hos Børnene. Været Snestorm i Nat. *Lørdag 31. december. Rent over hele Huset. Peder hjulpet mig. Drengene og Søster fik lov at være oppe. Peder i Kirke Kl. 23,30. Preben og jeg ene oppe at hilse det nye Aar. ==1939== *Onsdag 4. januar. Aftenskolen begynde. Syltet Appelsinskaller. Peder i Kapel med gl. Kone. Gratis Kaffe. Sat Billeder i nyt Album. *Torsdag 5. januar. Skolen begynde. Bage Brød. 15 Elever. Gratis Kaffe. Søster og jeg gaaet Tur til Byen. Drengene kælket hele dagen. Peder i Viskinde. *Mandag 9. januar. Drengene begyndt Gymnastik. Skrive til Morfar om ''ulæseligt''. Stryge Storvask. Storm og Tø. *Tirsdag 10. januar. Søster fotograferet. Til Kalundborg. Aftenskole, 11 Elever Kaffe. Hæklet Maatte færdig. Søster faaet 5 Tænder. *Lørdag 14. januar. Lørdagsrent. Alle i Bad. Blevet tilsagt som Arving efter Tante Marie i Birkende. *Onsdag 18. januar. Peder 40. Søster 11 Md. Syskole. Børnene fik Kaffe. De kom med Cigar og Askebæger. Daugaards kom med Tulipaner. *Fredag 29. januar. Rent Stuer. Rullet. Begyndt til Gymnastik. Søster faaet den ?sorte? Tand igennem, nu har hun 6. Preben ligger i Dag, ?Hoste? *Tirsdag 31. januar. Til Møde i Præstegården Kl. 7 1/2. Til Begravelse Kl. 12 i Hjemmet. Kl 1 1/2 fra Kirken. Kaffe i Forsamlingshuset. Søster 37,0 til Aften38,0. Preben ''ulæseligt''. Jeg kom ikke med i Dag da vi havde Læge til Søster. Preben kom op i Dag. Det er Bronchitis Søster havde. *Onsdag 1. februar. Ungdomsmøde. Spise til Aften hos Præstens. Jeg blev hjemme hos Børnene. Skrive til Estrid , Agnes og Hille. Rim Frost. *Onsdag 8. februar. Bage. Syskole 5 Kaffe. Dillitanter her til Kaffe, gik helt godt. Holdt ud til 12 1/2. *Søndag 12. februar. Spille Komedie hos Nørgaards. Bage Brød. Regnbyger. Ketty passet Børn. Faaet en Datter i Aalborg Hanne. *Onsdag 15, februar. Syskole. Sy pa Løber. Peder til Mejeribestyrerens. Brev fra Agnes at hun har faaet en Datter i Lørdags. *Fredag 17. februar. Søren Peder 1 Aar. Rent Stuer. Lave Dessert. Bage. Peder læse op i radikal Forening. Jeg blev hjemme hos Børnene. *Lørdag 18. februar. Inge Lise 1 Aar. Bage Boller. Daugaards op at spille Kort. Søster faaet 2 Forklæder og Strømper fra Langeland. Spand og ''ulæseligt'' fra Preben og Bent. Tandbørste og ''ulæseligt'' fra Far og Mig. *Søndag 19. februar. Køre til Stevns. Søster faaet Dukke fra Fru Lund. Dejligt Vejr. Turen gik godt. ?Haard?. *Mandag 20. februar. Aftenskole. Køre hjem fra Stevns. Inde at hilse paa Dagny og Signe. Peder faaet 10 Kr. fra Th. Andersens for hjælpen med Begravelsen. *Fredag 24. februar. Dillitanter til Kaffe. Lørdagsrent Aflyst. Søster 37,5-37,4. Hun har det godt i Dag. Kvik - sidder op og Leger. Peder til Carl Offersens. *Søndag 26. februar. Skrive til Hille og Agnes. I Kirke. Drengene i Biografen at se Snehvidefilm. Peder spillet Dilletant hos ''ulæseligt''. Jeg hjemme. *Torsdag 28, februar. Møde i Præstegaarden. Ketty passet Børn om Aftenen. Preben faaet Daugaards Cykel til 30 Kr. Søster været ude i Dag. *Onsdag 1. marts. Ungdomsmøde. Peder holdt Foredrag. Spise til Aften Kl. 6. Bage Brød. Ketty passet Børn. Hundekoldt. Søster ikke ud. *Onsdag 15. marts. Syskole sidste Gang. Gratis Kaffe. Bagt lagkager og Astakager. Fik lille Ske af Syskole. *Fredag 17. marts. Forældremøde. 14 Kaffe. Ugerent Stuer. Præstens spise til Aften. Ketty hjalp mig. Peder holdt Foredrag. *Mandag 20. marts. Eksamen Kl. 9. Bage Kringle. Gik godt. De fil Flæskesteg, Rødkål og Citronfromage. Ketty hjulpet mig. *Tirsdag 21. marts. Afslutning for Børnene, til Kaffe Kl. 3. Sætte Tøj i Blød. Vil fik en Blomst fra Konfirmanderne. Nørgaard kom og fik Kaffe. *Onsdag 22. marts. Bage Lagkager. Afslutning i Aftenskolen. 50 Kaffe og Bal. Fik en Sølvskovl, ikke spændende. Gik ellers godt. *Søndag 16. april. Konfirmation. Sætte Tøj i Blød. Peder ude at hilse paa Konfirmanderne. Jeg hjemme. Preben 37,2-37,0. *Onsdag 19. april. Storvask. Gymnastikopvisning. Mureren begyndt at kalke udvendigt. Preben op. Strøget Storvask. Preben passet Søster. *Fredag 21. april. Rent Stuer. Rense kakkelovn. Til Viskinde at spille Dillitant. Kalke Køkken og Kælder. Reparere Storvask. Ketty passer Søster. Til Aarby at Krølles. Helt god Aften. *Lørdag 22. april. Lørdagsrent. Torden for første Gang. Meget uroligt Vejr. Uhyggeligt Vejr, Skypumper. Farmor 61. *Fredag 28. april. Rent Stuen. Til Rs. Madsens Kl. 7 1/2. Ketty passet Børnene. Søster er streng at passe nu. Hun elsker Kulspanden og Vandspanden. *Lørdag 29. april. Lørdagsrent. Lave Mad. Spise til Aften hos Mejeristens. Sætte Tøj i Blød. God Aften ikke hjem før 3. Ketty været her. *Mandag 1. maj. Gynther 1 Aar. Storvask, intet Tøj tørret. Graat og byget. Onkel Jens begraves. ::''Onkel Jens er Jens Henningsen som var gift med Annas fars søster Ane Kirstine Madsen. Jens og Anna boede fra 1936 på Tofteagergård i Villestofte (Se også 19. august 1937).'' *Onsdag 3. maj. Ruth. Rulle og Stryge. Dejligt Vejr. Søster brændt sin Haand paa Komfuret. Drengene sorteret Kartofler *Mandag 8. maj. Begynde Rengøring paa Loft og Gæsteværelse. Dejligt Vejr. Peder hjulpet mig med Loftet. ?Faaet savet Brænde? *Fredag 12. maj. Rent Spisestue. Storm. Bent sagde: Har Jesus Ræveøjne, siden han kan se mig naar det er mørkt. Ella passet Søster. *Lørdag 20. maj. Rent Kælder. Maler begyndt i Entre. Forfærdelig Redelighed. Ligger paa Loftet. Pudset kakkelovn i Soveværelset. *Tirsdag 23. maj. Hen at stemme. Færdig i Soveværelset. Begyndt i Køkken. Dejligt Vejr. *Søndag 28. maj - Pinsedag. Peder klippe Drengene. Strikket Søsters Bukser færdig. Brandstom og Kulde fra Nord. *Mandag 29. maj - 2. Pinsedag. Barnedaab. Køre til Tessebølle. fernisere i Køkken sidste inden vi tager af sted og ''ulæseligt''. Fint Vejr. Kørt til Karise. *Tirsdag 30. maj. Køre til Snoldelev. Dejligt Vejr. Drengene og Søster nyder rigtigt alle Dyrene nede hos Farfar. *Onsdag 31. maj. Begynde bage Smørkager. Vaske Børnenes Tøj. Skrive til Estrid og Peder. Børnene lidt forkølede. Stryge Besætning til Stuen. Kørt til Værslev Kl. 6 om Morgenen, meget træt om Aftenen. Vidunderligt Vejr. Peder malet Havemøbler. Meget træt. *Torsdag 8. juni. Storvask. Op Kl. 4 1/2. Dejligt Vejr alt Tøjet tørret. Fru Nielsen kom og fik Kaffe. Peder ondt i Maven. *Mandag 12. juni. bage Brød. Rense Peders Tøj. Bent tage Polypper. Kl. 3 til Syerske. Hente ?Habit? ''ulæseligt''. Bent var saa flink og god. *Tirsdag 13. juni. Ny Kjole til Søster. Bent ligge ri Sengen. Søster siger saa mange forskellige Ord og er meget sød. *Onsdag 14. juni. Udflugt til Asnæs Kl. 1 1/2. Bent kom op og var med. Turen gik helt godt, vi fik en enkelt byge. *Torsdag 15. juni Peder lakeret Drengenes og sin egen Cykel, saa nu er vi flot kørende alle sammen. Preben og jeg cyklet til Viskinde om Aftenen. *Fredag 16. juni. Rent Stuen. Sol og Blæst, vi trænger frygteligt til Regn. Peder pudset Bil. Bent cykler nu paa Livet løs. *Lørdag 17. juni. Lørdagsrent. Lave Mad. Bent ud og have Polypper set efter. Søster med ude at køre Bil. ?Det siger hun nu?. *Mandag 19. juni. Bage Brød. Vaske Børnenes nye Tøj. Regn hele Dagen. Om Aftenen kørte Bent sin første tur til Viskinde med mig. Det gik fint. *Fredag 23. juni. Udflugt til Odense Kl. 6. Vejret var straalende. Streng Rejse desværre i frygtelig Trængsel. Ellers gik Turen godt. *Mandag 3. juli. Rent over hele Huset. Vasket Børnevask. Ud at hilse paa R. Madsen som er meget syg. *Torsdag 6. juli. Stryge Børnetøj. Kogt Spinat 2. Gang. Bent bidt Søsters Sut i Stykker. Søster synger ”Kukkuk” - ?Pipper? ”Trala-la-la-la-la” *Fredag 7. juli. Søster prøve Kjole. Rent Stuer. ?R.? Madsen Død. Bilen 1 Aar. 12 Aar siden vi mødtes første gang 7/7-27. Hos Præstens, fik Kaffe. *Tirsdag 11. juli. R. Madsen begraves. Erna passe Børn. Ud at spise til Aften Kl. 5 1/2. Hundekoldt. *Tirsdag 18. juli. Søster 17. Md. Peder faa gennemsmurt Bilen i Kaastrup. Alle mand været ved Stranden om Eftermiddagen. Kaffe med. *Torsdag 20. juli. Stuer rene. Støvsuge Møbler. Drengene klippet i Aarby. Torden i Nat, Regn hele Formiddagen. Senere Sol, og var i Vandet. Daugaard med til Kalundborg. *Fredag 21. juli. Permanentkrølles Kl. 9. Børnene og Peder kørte til Stranden. Tordenvejr da vi kom hjem. Ildebrand i Klovby som vi var ovre at se om Eftermiddagen. *Søndag 23. juli. Kørt til Fyn Kl. 9 1/2. Fernisere Køkken og Entre. Søkende hjemme. Blev Byger og Torden, det er dog fortvivlet Vejr. * Mandag 24. juli. Morfar (Fødselsdag). Fremmede til Frokost. Gæster om Aftenen. Jeg travlt og om Eftermiddagen Ellen og Hille om Aftenen. Om Aftenen Jenses og Niels Jørgens. *Tirsdag 25. juli. Ringet til Tante og Estrid. Til Stranden med Ellen og Egon. Jeg bliver nede hos Ellen i Nat med Søster. En Ko rendte paa vor Skærm. *Onsdag 26. juli. Hele Familien spise til Aften hos Ellen. Ellen og jeg været i Byen. Peder og Egon paa Fisketur. *Torsdag 27. juli. Ned til Hille. Peder og Far var med i Paladsteatret. Drengene tog i Aaen med Keld. Søster saa sød. Vasket ''ulæseligt'' Kjole. *Tirsdag 1. august. Køre til Aalborg. Byger og Storm. Meget streng Tur, Ankom godt Kl. 7 1/2 men de vidste det. Meget trætte. *Fredag 4. august. Vidunderligt Vejr. Været ved Stranden 2 gange. Var i Kilden og Jens Bangs Vinkælder med Eskjær og Agnes. *Tirsdag 8. august. Køre til Fyn Kl. 7. Eskjær kørt med. Besøgt Stenholtgaarden i Kragelund og Silkeborg. Kørt her hjem til Far Kl. 11 1/2. Strenge Tur. *Tirsdag 10. august. Kørt til Langeland. ?3,25 fra Estrid for ''ulæseligt''. Pragtfuldt Vejr. Far kørte med herned. 5 Kr. til gave til P.V. {{Image|file=Frank-2714-6.jpg |caption=''Ferie på Langeland 1939 – Formentlig Bent og Preben i midten'' |size=l }} *Onsdag 16. august. Til Stevns over Lolland og Storstrømsbroen. Dejlig Tur, meget varmt. Frida og Niemann hjemme. *Torsdag 17. august. Til Ringsted til Signe. meget varmt. Søster ''ulæseligt''. Frida med, hilst paa Dagny. *Fredag 18. august. Køre til Værslev. Søster 1 1/2 Aar. Vidunderligt Sommervejr, nu ferien er forbi. *Lørdag 19. august. Sætte Tøj i Blød. Skrive til Hille, Agnes og Estrid. Koge Tomatpure. Meget træt, strengt at komme i gang efter Ferien. *Mandag 21,. august. Op Kl. 5. Skolen begynde. Storvask. Pragtfuldt Vejr. Ved Stranden Kl. 17. Preben og Bent slaaet sig løs og svømmer som smaa Fisk. *Fredag 25. august. Rent Stuer. Cyklet til Eskebjerg med alle Skolebørnene Kl. 1. Dejlig Tur, Søster helt vild til at svømme. *Fredag 1. september. Tyskerne begyndt Krig mod Polen. Til Kalundborg. Peder til Møde. Vidunderligt Vejr. Krigen strengt at ''ulæseligt'' paa. *Søndag 3. september. Møde i Præstegaarden Kl. 3. Ketty passet Børn. England og Frankrig i Krig mod Tyskland. *Torsdag 7. september. Ugerent Stuer. Bage færdig. Ud at krølles. Købt Gave Bent. Søster klippes. Cykle derud, maa ikke køre Bil mere. *Fredag 8. september. Lørdags rent. Lægge Lagkage sammen. Koge Æblegrød. Slagte Kylling. Meget varmt, meget træt og daarligt Ben. Alle i ?Bad?. *Lørdag 9. september. Bent 6 Aar.Bage Boller, lave Dessert. Daugaards og ?Povl? herop om Eftermiddagen. Brev fra Estrid, Ellen og Agnes. *Onsdag 13. september. Føre Dagbog ajour. Sætte Billeder i Album. Peder, Søster og jeg fik Sko. Til Kalundborg. Cykle alle sammen. *Mandag 18. september. Storvask. Søster 19 Md. Vidunderligt Vejr. Alt Tøjet tørret. I Kalundborg og fik ny Radio til 2,50 Kr. *Torsdag 19. september. Rulle og stryge. Dejligt Vejr. Repareret Tøj om Aftenen. Søster sagde i Dag ”Av for Søren” det ''ulæseligt'' hørt Bror Bent sige. *Mandag 25. september. Til Kalundborg. Syerske og prøve Kjole. Bage Brød. Dejligt Vejr. Peder i Haven og Børnene hjulpet ham. *Lørdag 14. oktober. Sætte Tøj i Blød. Lørdagsrent. Regn. Børnene faaet Ferie. Inge-Lise er saa dygtig til at sige alting. ''ulæseligt''. *Onsdag 18. oktober. Søster 20 Md. rent Herreværelse. Dagny og Niels kom en Tur og hilse paa os i ?Aften?. ?Roddet? færdig. *Tirsdag 24. oktober. Rulle og Stryge. Koge Grønkaal. Bage Brød. Faaet min Arv efter Tante Marie. Rep. Storvask. *Onsdag 25. oktober. Til Kalundborg at faa udbetalt min Arv. Skrive Agnes og Far. Besøgt Fru Lund paa Sygehuset. Faaet min Hat. *Onsdag 1. november. Begynde med Gymnastik. Bage Brød. Se til ''ulæseligt'' paa Loft. Vasket Søsters Tøj. Strikket Hæl paa Prebens Strømper. *Torsdag 9. november. Sy Maskine. Rep. Tøj. Aftenskole 22 Elever Kaffe. Præsten i København saa Peder har alle Timer. *Tirsdag 21. november. Stryge. Fint Vejr. Rep. Tøj efter Vask. Vaske Børnevask. Søster faaet 1 Skovl, hun kører med den ''ulæseligt'' og graver Grus. *Lørdag 25. november. Børnene ude at kælke hele Dagen. Lørdagsrent. Alle i Bad. Slagte Hane. Strikke Søsters ''ulæseligt'' Bukser færdig. Kogt Grønkaal. *Torsdag 30. november. Aftenskole. 14 Elever Kaffe. Regn. Skrive Agnes og Hille. Søster kan nu helt spise selv. Færdig med Prebens Uldtrøje. *Fredag 1. december. Begynde paa Strømper til Preben. Rent Stuer. Mildt Vejr. Søster ude det meste af Dagen. Russerne overfaldt Finland. *Søndag 3. december. Skrive til Far. Regn. Hjemme hele Dagen. ?Peder taget Bilen ned af Klodserne? *Fredag 8. december. Bagt Vaniliekranse og Krandsekage. Lagt br. Kagedej. Olsen var her og starte Bilen og med Akkumulatoren. *Tirsdag 12. december. Til Kalundborg i Bil. bage ?Tatakage?. Slaa op til 2 Strømper. Købt guldur til 100 kr. for min Arv. *Lørdag 16. december. Vaske Haar. Frost - Stille. Rent Spisestue. Betale Slagter 3,05 og bestille Sylte og Lever. Alle i Bad. Drengene paa Is hele Dagen. Stor Glæde. *Torsdag 21. december. Rent Køkken og Gang. Aftenskole 16 Elever Kaffe. Sende Pakke Aalborg og Langeland. Skrive Kort og Breve til Hille og Ellen, Tante Nathalie og far. Koldt og Storm. *Lørdag 23. december. ?Opkrøller? Kl. 8 1/2. Lave mad. Rent Soveværelse. Bage Franskbrød. Alle i Bad. Rulle og reparere Storvask. *Søndag 24. december. Pynte Juletræ. Lave Ris a la Mande. Drengene i Kirke. God Aften. Drengene var jo glade og henrykte. *Mandag 25. december. Sne slud. Hjemme hele Dagen. *Tirsdag 26. december. Juletræ Kl. 6 1/2. Lægge Lagkage sammen. Søster holdt ud til godt 11, men det var strengt for mig at passe hende. *Onsdag 27. december. Sovet længe i Dag. Sat Tøj til Side, helt Arbejde. Skrive til Estrid. Haard Frost men stille. 22 Gr. i Holbæk. *Fredag 29. december. Juletræ Kl. 7. Inge med. *Søndag 31. december. Hjemme hele Dagen. Børnene ude at Kælke hele Dagen. Aftenen meget rolig. Peder i Kirke Kl. 11 1/2. Det er jo mørke Tider man gaar i Møde, men Gud velsigne Aaret som kommer. ==1940== *Mandag 1. januar. Juletræ Kl. 7. Børnene morede sig storartet. Peder i Kirke Kl. 2, ellers hjemme hele Dagen. *Fredag 5. januar. Rent Stuer. Ført Dagbog ajour. Børnene kælker og morer sig i Sneen. Peder lavet Foredrag om Finland. *Mandag 8. januar. Aftenskolen begynder i Præstegaarden. Erna passe Børn. Drengene begynde Gymnastikken. Sogneraadet været her at se paa forholdene til Børne''ulæseligt''. *Lørdag 13. januar. Fremmede til Spisning Kl. 6. Vieneresnitzel og Dessert. Kaffe. Det gik helt godt. Peder hjalp mig med at vaske til Kl. 12,30. *Tirsdag 16. januar. Begynde Gymnastik. Bage. Pudse Vinduer. Frygtelig Snestorm 11 Gr. Frost, saa det var ikke Pudsevejr. Til Aften var det mellem 14-20 Gr. Frost. *Lørdag 20. januar. Gymnastik. Lørdagsrent. Lave Mad. Alle i Bad. Blæst og Streng Frost. Frygtelig Vinter. Alle Vande ved at fryse til. *Mandag 22. januar. Reparere paa Maskine. Bage Sigtebrød. Aftenskole kun 6 Elever paa grund af slem Snestorm. Ingen Gymnastik for Drengene. *Mandag 29. januar. Sætte Tøj i Blød. Stadig streng Frost. Storebælt helt frosset. Damper 13 timer paa vej. Aftenskole. *Tirsdag 30. januar. Storvask. Stormer og Frost. Færgen bruger 17 timer ti at komme over Bæltet. Frygtelig Vinter. *Onsdag 31. januar. Spise til Aften hos Præstens Kl. 6 1/2. Sonja passe Børn. Vi kom ingen tsefder da Peder er hævet i Haanden og ligger i Sengen. Ringet til Doktor som sendte noget Medicin. Snestorm. Det kan jo ske at det gaar godt med Bukserne paa Søster, men hun ved jo nok at hun ikke maa og saa kalder hun paa Bent, som altid naar der er noget i vejen, og siger Bent - bange for stor. *Torsdag 1. februar. Aftenskole. Præsten havde Aftenen. Peder sløj, men var oppe lidt i Skolen. Snestorm. Damper 24 timer om Bæltet. Helt indstillet Driften. *Lørdag 10. februar. Lørdagsrent. Bage Brød. I Nat frosset 25 gr. Søster sovet ude i 10 gr. i Middagsstunden. *Lørdag 17. februar. Lørdagsrent, lave Mad og Dessert. Sætte Tøj i Blød. Peder kørt paa Station med Søster. Vejer 25 p og maaler 86 cm. *Tirsdag 27. februar. Peder og Drengene til Film i Forsamlingshuset. Søster og jeg ene hjemme. *Torsdag 29. februar. Gøre Morgen gymnastik. Begynde at slanke mig naar Vejret bliver mildere. Mælk - 1 Appelsin og Æbler. Aftenskole. Hæs som en ''ulæseligt'', kan slet ikke sige et Ord. Frostvejr og Blæst igen. *Søndag 3. marts. Gudstjeneste her i Skolen Kl. 10. Peder ligger, jeg derinde. Blæst og Tø. Jeg meget forkølet endnu. Drengene paa ?Isen?. *Fredag 8. marts. Afslutning i Aftenskolen. bage. ?Valborg? hjulpet mig. Søster 39,2 og 40,0 til Aften, men hun er taalmodig. Aftenen gik godt til 2. Fik Sølvfad, Præstens Lysestage. *Søndag 24. marts. Køre ned til farfar. Peder i Kirke Kl. 10. God Tur. Frida og Niemann hjemme. *Lørdag 30. marts. Preben 9 Aar. Bage Boller og Vandbakkelse. Sætte Tøj i Blød. ?Pindi? af Mor og Bent og Søster. Cykeldele af Far. 2 Kr. af Daugaard. Chokolade af Farmor. Sendt ''ulæseligt''plader ind. *Søndag 31. mart. Konfirmation. Jeg i Kirke. Daugaard oppe hos Søster. Preben passet Flæskesteg. Ikke saa godt Vejr i Dag. I gaar var det Vidunderligt, det var den første Dag med godt Vejr. Søster siger hun har Havregrød i Næsen. Søster synger en hel del Sange, det lyder yndigt. *Mandag 1. april. Storvask. Bent indskrives i Skolen. Streng Vask, det fine tørret. Peder hos Viggos at spise til Aften. Jeg maatte blive hjemme. *Mandag 8. april. Skrive Ellen og Hille. Føre Dagbog ajour. England krænket Norges Neutralitet, det ser alvorligt ud for Norden. *Tirsdag 9. april. Tyskerne besat Danmarks Havne, og hele Danmark. Sørgelig Dag. Peder i Kalundborg. Danmark mørklagt. *Onsdag 10. april. Pudse Vinduer. Man er saa underlig rastløs; man ved ikke hvad Dagene vil bringe. Det ser jo grumme grimt ud for os. Gud bevare os. *Søndag 14, april. Faaet Gigt i min ene Haand. Om Aftenen hos Præstens med radio. Erna passet Børn. Sne og Regn og Storm. *Tirsdag 16. april. Storvask men strengt for Haanden. En del ud men maatte hænge det paa Loftet, da det var Snestorm. *Søndag 21. april. Drengene til Gymnastikopvisning Kl. 2. Aalborg Flyveplads bombarderet. Gud bevare os i disse strenge Tider. *Onsdag 24. april. Sy Søsters Kjole færdig. Syet til Maleren. Søster slugt en ''ulæseligt'', frygteligt. Gud bevare os. *Maleren kommer og begynder i Stuerne. Frygtelig omgang i Nat, jeg slet ikke sovet af ?Angst?. Søster sov godt. er kommet paa Sygehuset i Dag, derude at kigge. *Lørdag 27. april. Vaksineret Kl. 19,45. Preben og jeg ude ved Søster. ?Naale? ikke kommet. Gud hjælpe os over det. *Søndag 28. april. Sy Køkkengardiner. I Kirke, ude hos Søster, den er ikke kommet endnu, det er dog sørgeligt. *Tirsdag 30. april. Skrive Ruth. Gud være lovet, i Dag kom Naalen Kl. 13 a/2. Saa er vi vel nok lykkelige og glade. Daugaards oppe at faa kaffe. Kalket Køkken. Maleren færdig i Herreværelset. *Onsdag 1. maj. Preben begynde at spille. Ud at hente Inge-Lise hjem. Hun er saa glad for at komme hjem. Færdig i Herreværelset. *Fredag 10. maj. Ugerent i Kælder, og sætte Blomster i Vinduer. Tyskerne besat Holland og Belgien. Fortvivlede forhold i Verden. *Onsdag 15. maj. Rulle log Stryge. Resten af Tøjet tørret. Dejlig Sol. Bent 36,8-37,9. Preben renset Bil. Indført Sommertid. *Fredag 21. juni. Rent Stuer. Bent og Søster fanget Fluer. Søster sagde da der var en der sprællede lidt ”Fluen sparker Lise”. Drengene til Haandboldkamp i Ubby. Godt Vejr. *Søndag 23. juni. Peder holde Foredrag i Husholdningsforeningen. Søster med. Drengene leget hjemme med ?Poul og Helge?. *Tirsdag 23. juli. Rejse over til Hille. Peder cykle og Preben til Korsør, Bent fra Nyborg. God Tur. Spist til Aften hos Ellen, Peder og Drengene til Morfar. *Onsdag 31. juli. Hille kom om Formiddagen. Godt Vejr. Om Aftenen cyklede vi op paa Udkigshøjen, pragtfuld udsigt til Sjælland. *Søndag 4. august. Helge og Bodil kom. Pragtfuldt Vejr. Travlt men god dag. Kl. 8 cyklede via alle til Odense. *Torsdag 8. august. Birthe 3 Aar. Regn hele dagen. Paa indkøb i Dalby mellem Bygerne. Sovet Dagen hen. Trist. *Teltet ned og hjem. Til Hille i frygtelig Orkan. Regnbyger, forfærdelig Tur. Hjem her Kl. 4 paa Morgenkaffe. *Fredag 16. august. Rejse til Værslev. Søster, Bent og jeg med Toget. Fint Vejr. Søster glad for at komme hjem igen. *Onsdag 21. august. Regn. Peder lavet Mørklægning i Stue og Soveværelse. Opklaring til aften. *Mandag 26. august. Bage Brød og Kys. Begynde Skolen. Skrive til Estrid. Faaet ny Lampe i Soveværelset. Saltet Sild færdig. Hentet Gris. *Søndag 1. september. Folkesangsmøde Kl. 7 1/2. Søster med. Drengene ene hjemme. I Kirke Kl. 10. Daugaard været hos Søster. *Tirsdag 3. september. Rulle. Skrive Agnes. Estrid faaet datter. Henkoge Blommer og Marmelade. Fint Vejr for første gang i lange Tider. *Mandag 9. september. Bent 7 Aar. Bage Boller og Vandbakkelser. Daugaards op at drikke Chokolade. Brev fra Ellen og Hille. *Fredag 13. september. Rent Stuer. Haft slemme Gigtsmerter i Nat. Syet Lises Kjole færdig. Købt 5 Hønekyllinger a 2,75. *Torsdag 26. september. Cyklet til Kalundborg om Formiddagen. Skrive Estrid og Svend. Oppe ved Birkendegaards ?Mast? at se Odinstaarnet. *Søndag 29. september. Sende Brev Agnes. Cyklet til Ubby at se Odinstarnet. Fik min store Hovedpine, maatte gaa tidligt i Seng. *Onsdag 2. oktober. Til Kalundborg at se til Fru Nielsen. Vidunderligt Vejr. Spillet Badminton i Forsamlingshuset. *Torsdag 3. oktober. Graat Vejr igen. Om Formiddagen nede at gratulere Daugaard med Nelliken. Niels kom i Aftes og ligget her i Nat. *Tirsdag 22. oktober. Rejse til Fyn. Rejsen forløb udmærket. Hille paa Banegaarden efter os. Kørt med Bussen derud. *Fredag 25. oktober. Agnes spise hos Hille. Drikke Kaffe hos Svends. I Biografen om Aftenen og se Rasmussen og Sørensen. *Lørdag 26. oktober. Spise til Middag hos Ellen. Spise til Aften hos Far. Hill og jeg i Biografen at saa ”Pas paa Svinget i Solby”. Det var godt. *Søndag 27. oktober. Rejst til Værslev. Peder hentet mig paa Stationen. Rejsen gik godt, pragtfuldt Vejr. *31. oktober. Gøre færdig i Spisestuen. Tale med Malerens og Præstens om en gave til fru Daugaards 70 Aars Fødselsdag. Skrive til Ellen og Estrid og sende gave. Op ti Præstens Kl. 7 1/2, god Whistaften. *Tirsdag 19. november. Godt Vejr. Strikket paa Halstørklæde. Niels kom og blev om Natten. *Onsdag 20. november. Spille Badminton Kl. 7 med Malerens. Strikke paa Halstørklæde. Bage brød. Niels rejst efter Middag. *Onsdag 11. december. Preben spille Kl. 3. Pudse Vinduer. Hille kom. Dejligt vejr. *Tirsdag 17. december. Faaet Forsatsvinduer i Stuen. *Onsdag 18. december. Spille Badminton Kl. 6 1/2. Bage Kringle. Hille rejst. Taage og glat. Fulgt Hille paa Station og i Brugsen. *Torsdag 19. december. Pudse Vinduer. Forældreforening til Kaffe Kl. 7 1/2. Snestorm. Skrive ''ulæseligt'', Estrid og Hille. Peder og Drengene klippes. *Tirsdag 24. december. Pynte Juletræ. Alle været i Kirke. Søster sad helt pænt. Juletræ med gaver. *Onsdag 25. december. Vaske Søsters ?Gamacher?. Søster, far og jeg gaaet Tur til Skovbakker. Drengene kælket. *Torsdag 26. december. Juletræ. Rasmus Pedersen 70. Peder ind at gratulere. I Kirke Kl. 2. Søster blev søvnig saa jeg gik hjem 10 1/2. Drengene og Far Kl. 12.
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Bent og Preben - Omkring 1935 |size=l }} Anna blev født i 1904 i Birkende sogn på Fyn. Forældrene var gårdejer i Søndersø sogn Mads Madsen og hustru Maren Kirstine Marie Pedersen. Anna var i sin ungdom i huset forskellige steder. Hun, blev i 1930 gift med Niels Peder Jensen Frank, som hun havde truffet i 1927, og var blevet forlovet med i 1928. Peder var i januar 1930 tiltrådt som enelærer i Værslev ved Kalundborg, og parret boede i hele perioden frem til Annas død, i Værslev skole. De fik 3 børn, Preben f. 1931, Bent f. 1933 og Inge Lise f. 1938. Anna døde efter længere tids sygdom af kræft, på Kalundborg sygehus i 1945, kun 41 år gammel. Det sidste lommebogs notat, blev skrevet kun 8 dage før hun døde den 20. august. Lommebogsnotater for øvrige perioder frem til hendes død, kan findes her: *[[Space:ANNALOMMEBOG29|Anna Marie Madsen - Lommebogsnotater 1929-1935]] *[[Space:ANNALOMMEBOG36|Anna Marie Madsen - Lommebogsnotater 1936-1940]] *Se [[Madsen-1547|Læs mere om Anna]] *[https://www.wikitree.com/photo.php/7/7f/Dokumenter-9.pdf Download Anna Marie Madsen - Lommebogs notater 1929 til 1945] {{Image|file=ANNADAGBOG-11.jpg |caption=Anna Marie Madsens familie
Klik på billedet for at se det i stor størrelse |size=l }} ==1941== *Onsdag 1. januar. Drengene paa isen. Socialens Juletræ. I Kirke Kl. 2. Streng Frost og Sne. *Lørdag 4. januar. Vaske. Badminton Kl. 4. Sætte Ærter i Blød. Vandt stort over Præstens. Peder hjulpet mig. *Lørdag 11. januar. Rent Stuer. Alle i Bad. Spille Badminton Kl. 4. Lave Sildesalat. Skrive Agnes og Estrid. Pudset Vinduer. Far kom, men uden vi vidste det. *Tirsdag 14. februar. Rulle, reparere Storvask. Spille Lhombre hos Præstens. Kaffe og Frokost. Far med og lære os det. Bage. farfar kom. *Lørdag 18. januar (Peders fødselsdag). Ribbensteg og Rødkaal. Sveskegrød med creme. Daugaards op at drikke Chokolade. Spille Badminton Kl. 7 med Sørensens. *Mandag 20. januar. Bøf og ''ulæseligt''. Morfar og Farfar rejst, blevet saa stille i Huset. Peder og Drengene til Film. *Fredag 31. januar. Lørdagsrent. Koge Rødbeder. Blæst og Snefygning saa det er frygteligt med saadan en Vinter. 37 Gr. Frost i Jylland og Holbæk. Frygteligt sidste Nat. *Søndag 2. februar. Drengene til Dilettant Kl. 3. Far, Søster og jeg gaaet Tur til Stationen. Godt Vejr. *Fredag 7. februar. Lørdagsrent. Strikke paa Strømper. Begynde paa Morgengymnastik, nu maa jeg se at holde ud. *Torsdag 13. februar (Anna fylder 37 år). Pærecremedessert og Pølse og Gemyse. Daugaards kom op med en Alpeviol. Brev fra Agnes, Estrid, Hille, Ellen og Svend. Let Frost, lidt Blæst. *Lørdag 15. februar. Bagt. Alle i bad. Lave mad. Drengenes Seng tørret. badmintonklubaften Kl. 3. Mad med. Malerens Børn ned til vore til Selskab. *Søndag 16. februar. Taaget og surt Vejr. Hjemme hele dagen. Noget træt efter i aftes. Finlands ?Bogen? færdig. *Torsdag 20. februar. Til Kalundborg og købt Støvler til alle 3 Børn, det var 30 Kr. Frygtelig dyrt alt sammen. *Lørdag 8. marts. Peder og jeg høj Feber. ''ulæseligt'' hjulpet os. Drengene passet Søster. *Onsdag 12. marts. Koge Ærter. Vaske Haar og skære Ligtorne. Preben sveder rigtig i Dag. Søster stadig lidt Feber. Preben 38,7, Søster 39,5 til Aften. *Mandag 24. marts. Storvask. ?Skure? Koste og Børster og V. C. Konfirmander til Kaffe Kl. 3. Peder fik et Termometer. *Søndag 30. marts. Preben 10 Aar. Bage Boller. I Kirke Kl. 2. Ud til Torvald Andersen Kl. 7. Børnene ikke med. Rita og Vagner her. *Tirsdag 1. april. Hovedpine og ligget i Sengen. Søster faaet hoste igen. *Fredag 11. april. I Kirke Kl. 2. Drikke kaffe hos Henny Madsen Kl. 7 1/2. Inge Daugaard været hos Børnene. *Søndag 20. april. Skrive til Ellen og Far. Drengene til Dilettant. Niels kom om Formiddagen og bliver her til i Morgen. *Søndag 11. maj. Mors dag, faaet en stor Kop af Far og Børnene. Vidunderlig Sol, kølig Vind. Cyklet til Viskinde med Søster og Far efter Brød. *Onsdag 14. maj. Badminton Kl. 7. Brønnnos, Aage og Kæreste kom i Dag til Middag og rejst til Aften. *Fredag 16. maj. Sne og Haglbyger. Begynde Spisestue. Preben knækket en Fortand, trist. *Onsdag 21. maj. Storvask Kl. 5 1/2. Badminton Kl. 8. Hovedrent Vaskehus, Koste og V.C. Pragtfuldt Sol og Sommer. Træt. *Lørdag 24. maj. Færdig Soveværelse. Spist til Aften hos Vebers Kl. 6 1/4. Ferniseret i Nat vi kom Hjem. Børnene ene. *Lørdag 31. maj. Pragtfuldt Sommervejr, 25 Gr. i Skyggen. Bage lagkage og Kringler. ?Søster og jeg?. Har gjort i stand Kl. 7 1/2 Morgen. Alle i Bad. Vaske Børnevask. Det bliver nok Mæslinger. Søster sovet meget uroligt i Nat. 39 til Morgen, til Aften 39,6. Peder i Kalundborg. *Tirsdag 3. juni. Agnes Bryllupsdag. Begynde Gymnastik og stryge ?Havregrøden?. Peder cyklet til Tessebølle. Søster 37,8 - 38,2 - Fint Vejr. *Fredag 13. juni. Pudse Vinduer, rent Stuer. Byger og koldt. Luftgynger her, til stor glæde for Børnene. *Torsdag 19. juni. Ugerent Drengenes Værelse. Peder og Egon i Kalundborg. Drengene ligger i Sengen af Roskildesyge. Ellen og jeg Hjemme. *Fredag 20. juni. Ugerent Stuer. Bent og Preben ligger i Dag. Egon og Peder ude at fiske. vasket Haar og krøllet. Sommer. Hille faaet en Søn. *Tirsdag 24. juni. Ellen og Egon rejst. Familien cyklet til Eskebjerg at bade. 29 Gr. i Skyggen. *Lørdag 28. juni. Lørdagsrent. Lave mad. Sætte Tøj i Blød. Søster puttet en Kugle i Næsen, men vi fik den da ud. *Søndag 29. juni. Skrive Ellen og Hille. Dagny og Niels kom i gaar til Middag og blev her i Nat og i Dag. Var med i Kirke. *Torsdag 10. juli. Min Kaktus stor med 18 udspringene Blomster. Pragtfuldt Syn. Ugerent Loftet. Været ved Gisseløre med Inge og Børnene. *Lørdag 12. juli. Lørdagsrent. Lave Mad. Haar gjort i stand Kl. 9. 35 Gr. i Skyggen, 50 i Solen *Torsdag 17. juli. Forældremøde i Præstegaarden Kl. 7 1/2. Block taler. Spise til Aften hos Præstens Kl. 5 1/2. Søster med. farfar kom Kl. 7. *Fredag 18. juli. Farfar og Preben ved Stranden. farfar lavet Prebens Cykel med Eger. Ugerent Stuer. Pudset Vinduer. Kogt ?Grønkaal?, pudset. *Lørdag 26. juli. Peder og Preben cyklet til Fyn. Bent, Søster og jeg cyklet en tur til Bjerre Strand. Farfar kom ogsaa derned. *Mandag 28. juli. Peder kommet hjem fra Fyn og hentede os ved Bjerre Strand. Fint Vejr. *Fredag 1. august. Lisbeth begraves Kl. 3. Kaffe i Forsamlingshuset. Saltet Bønner. Gerda ovre at lege med Børnene. *Mandag 4. august. Storvask. Dagny, Niels, ''ulæseligt'', Frida og Niemann kom. *Søndag 10. august. Ferniseret Køkken og ''ulæseligt''. Rejse til Fyn Kl. 1,20. Peder og Bent cyklet. Turen gik godt. *Mandag 11. august. Tale med far om Fjer. Cykle ud at hilse paa Morfar. Daarligt Vejr. Søster sløj 39,4, saa vi maatte ligge herude. *Tirsdag 12. august. Søster sov til Kl. 11. Saa var hun kvik igen, og vi cyklede ned og saa Hilles Dreng, og ned til Ellen. *Søndag 17. august. Til Barnedaab hos Hille. Jeg bære. God Dag. {{Image|file=Fleig-51.jpg |caption=''Barnedåb hos Hille. Formentlig Anna der bærer barnet.
Den store dreng må være Preben.'' |size=l }} *Tirsdag 19. august. Rejst til Værslev. 1 Time forsinket paa Færgen, ellers gik Rejsen godt. *Onsdag 20. august. Skolen begynde. Jeg nede og hilse paa Daugaards. *Torsdag 21. august. Bage Brød og Kage. Skrive Hille og Agnes. Peder og jeg ude at se ”Niels Pind og hans Søn” *Fredag 22. august. Ugerent. Skrive Estrid og Ellen. Drikke Kaffe hos Alfred Nielsens, og hilse paa ''ulæseligt'' . *Søndag 31. august. Peder i Kirke Kl. 2. Børnene til Haandboldkamp. Søster og jeg nede at se dem. Regn om Formiddagen, godt Vejr om Eftermiddagen, men køligt. Vebers kom hen med Blommer om Aftenen. *Mandag 1. september. Spille Lhombre hos Præstens. Skriv Estrid om Tøjet til Gynter og ''ulæseligt''. Lave Blommemarmelade og henkoge 2 Glas B. *Tirsdag 2. september. Skrælle Asier. Godt Vejr. Faaet Gris fra Farfar. *Torsdag 18. september. Skrive Hille. Sende Pakke til Agnes med Høne. Mildt Vejr med Sol. ''ulæseligt''. Rent Loft. *Søndag 21. september. Preben til Kamp i Ubberup. Vi kørte op at hente ham. Graat og Køligt. *Onsdag 1. oktober. Badminton Kl. 4. Pudse Vinduer. Godt Vejr. Op til Præstens at konferere Kirkebog. *Søndag 5. oktober. I Kirke og til Alters. Hjemme hele dagen. Søster selv hentet Mælk, fordi Drengene ikke kom. *Fredag 10. oktober. Rent Stuen. Drengene begynde Danseskole i Viskinde Kl. 4 *Søndag 19. oktober. Rejse til farfar. Peder og Drengene Cykel. Søster og jeg med Toget. Godt Vejr. Frida hjemme. *Tirsdag 21. oktober. Farfar, Peder og jeg cykel til Stine og Harald, men de var syge. Bange for Difteritis. *Onsdag 22. oktober. Rejse til Værslev. Til fest hos Bagerens i Forsamlingshuset, men jeg blev syg i Hovedet. *Tirsdag 28. oktober. Ordne Ketchere med olie og Lak. Til Gymnastikgeneralforsamling Kl. 8. Bevæegt Møde til Kl. 11. *Onsdag 29. oktober. Badmintonturnering Kl. 4 1/2. Mad med. Færdig Kl. 11. Vi vandt stort. God Aften. *Mandag 3. november. Hovedrent i Herreværelse. Begynde Aftenskole med 1 Elev, saa det bliver nok ikke til noget. *Tirsdag 4. november. Ferniseret i Herreværelse. Drengene begyndt at gaa til Gymnastik. Regn. *Torsdag 6. november. Vaske Gardiner og Sengetæpper. Luftværnsmøde Kl. 7 1/2. Drikke Kaffe Daugaards Kl. 3. *Mandag 17. november. Storvask. Sætte Gaas til fedning. Hovedrent Vaskehus, V.C., Koste og Børster. *Tirsdag 18. november. Luftværnsmøde Kl. 7 1/2. Kaffe til 30 Deltagere. Koge Grønkaal. Regn og mildt. *Tirsdag 27. november. Ugerent Loft og Værelser. Til Doktor med mit Haandled, nu har jeg faaet 2 Knuder. *Mandag 8. december. Badminton Turnering i Tømmerup Kl. 7. Bage Brød. *Torsdag 11. december. Til Kalundborg at købe Garn. Thomas Olesen Løkken holde Foredrag i Huset Kl. 7 1/2. *Lørdag 13. december. H. P. Olesen Sølvbryllup. Lørdagsrent. Alle i Bad. Badminton Kl. 5. Sætte Tøj i Blød. Spise Kl. 6 hos Olesen. *Onsdag 17. december. Pudse Vinduer. Badminton. Sy Søsters 2 Forklæder færdig. Preben spille sidste Gang hos Anne Marie. *Lørdag 20. december. Ferniseret Køkken og Entre. Peder til Badminton. begynde at skrive Breve. *Mandag 22. december. Slagte Gaas, Rulle og Stryge. Lave Leverpostej. Peder i Kalundborg. *Tirsdag 23. december. Lave Mad og bage Kringle. Lave Ris a la Mande. Alle i Bad. Rent over hele Huset. *Onsdag 24. december. Pynte Juletræ, Børnene og jeg i Kirke. Stege Gaas. God Aften. Godt med gaver. *Torsdag 25. december. I Kirke. Inge Daugaard heroppe med en lille Finnepige. *Fredag 26. december. Juletræ 6 1/2 ?for? Skolen. Snestorm, Festen gik godt. Mange til festen. *Mandag 29. december. Stuer rene. Juletræ Kl. 7. Børnene i Bad. Børnene morede sig godt. *Tirsdag 30. december. Rent over hele Huset. Jung Hansens kom og fik kaffe om Aftenen og saa Grisen. *Onsdag 31. december. Føre dagbog Ajour. Bage Brød og en extra god Kringle. Torsk og Æbleskiver. ==1942== Der er ingen lommebog for dette år. Den er formentlig bortkommet. ==1943== *Fredag 1. januar. Til Juletræ Kl. 6 1/2. Forfærdelig mange Mennesker derhenne. *Søndag 3. januar. Fodermester Jørgensen begraves Kl. 3. Bitterligt koldt. Ellers hjemme hele Dagen. *Onsdag 6. januar. Gjort Haar i Stand. Søster og jeg til Kalundborg og fotograferes. Frost. Børnene begyndt Skolen. *Søndag 10. januar. Bent begynde at spille i Kirke. Hjemme hele dagen. Børnene ude paa Skøjter. *Mandag 11. januar. Streng Frost igen. Alle i Bad. Rulle. Sætte Daugaards og mine Blomster i Kælder. *Tirsdag 19. januar. Vaske Børnevask. Godt Vejr. Præsten kom og fik Kaffe om Eftermiddagen. Søster til Gymnastik. *Onsdag 20. januar. Skrive Ellen. Estrid og Agnes. Rimtaage, Frost. Peder og jeg i Biografen og se ”Forellen”, Søster med. Bent spille. *Onsdag 27. januar. Skrive Far og Tante Nathalie. Til Kalundborg. Søster og jeg og Peder i Biografen og se ”Komtessen paa Stenholt”. Luftalarm. *Torsdag 28. januar. Ugerent Loftet. Skrive Tante maren som er syg. Regn. Frygteligt Bombardement i København i Aftes. Frygteligt. *Fredag 29. januar. Mormor 63. Ugerent Stuer. Slagte 2 kaniner. Preben faaet Bog af Øvelæreren i Flidspræmie. Mildt. *Lørdag 6. februar. Storm og Regn. Lørdagsrent. Lave Mad. Bage Galopkringle. Til Kalundborg at høre Falk Hansen paa Postgaarden Kl. 7 1/2. *Mandag 8. februar. Rulle. Reparere Tøj. Frost i Nat og Køligt. Preben i Beskyttelsesrum ude i Skolen. *Fredag 12. februar. Inge - Hanne (Fødselsdag). Lørdagsrent. Bage. lave Mad. Søster hos Ella og til Gymnastik. *Lørdag 13. februar. Jeg 39 Aar. Bage Kringle og Boller. Vebers op at spise til Aften. Lysestage fra og Børnene. ''ulæseligt'' Daugaard. Sol og Blæst. Lommetørklæde Vebers. *Torsdag 18. februar. Inge-Lise 5 Aaar. ?Gerti? og Inger Lise til Fødselsdag hos Søster. Gymnastikdragt Far og Mor, Bog Preben, Sjippetov Bent. Brev fra Agnes, Ellen, Estrid. Lommetørklæde Inge. ?Pung? 2 Kr. Daugaard. *Lørdag 20. februar. Lørdagsrent. Lave mad. Alle i Bad. Luftværnsmøde i Skolen Kl. 7. *Onsdag 24. januar. Bage ?Horn? i Kakkelovnen. Til Kalundborg se paa Kjole, Far med. Fik flot Kjole til 235,00 Kr. Frygtelig Pris. *Mandag 1. marts. Storvask. Storm. Lidt af Tøjet ?pisket? tørt. Jeg blev saa syg af Smerter i Hovedet og Kvalme. *Onsdag 3. marts. Til Syerske. Til Møde i Huset Kl. 7 1/2. Veber læser op. Storm og Sol. Bent lidt Feber. Preben tabt sine gode Vanter. *Onsdag 10. marts. Pudse Vinduer. Koldt Blæsende. I Kalundborg. Kjolen ikke færdig, men de sender den i Morgen til den forfærdelige Pris af 237,88 Kr. Frygteligt. *Lørdag 13. marts. bage Sirupskage. Lave Mad. Alle i Bad. Fint Vejr. Søster kan staa af paa Cyklen. Jeg cyklet rund af Skovbakken med hende. *Søndag 14. marts. I Kirke Kl. 7 1/2. Cyklet Tur med Søster som cykler fint nu. Preben til Amtsopvisning. Frede beskære Træer og fik Kaffe og Cigar. *Mandag 15. marts. Vaske Børnevask. Henkoge Grøntsager. Godt Vejr. Søster til Gymnastik. Preben til Eksamen i Dansk. *Onsdag 17. marts. Bage Vaniljekranse til Eksamen. Preben til Eksamen. Vidunderligt vejr. Sol, Stille, Nattefrost. *Lørdag 20. marts. Rent Stuer. Bage Sirupskage. Preben hente Steg. Ordne Grøntsager. Forfærdelig Blæst og Køligt. Lave Citronfromage. *Søndag 21. marts. Bage Plumkage. Søster cyklet sin første Tur til Kalundborg. Lægge lagkage sammen. Lave Dessert. Stege lidt paa Steg. Far, Søster og jeg cyklet til Kalundborg i Storm. *Mandag 22. marts. Eksamen Kl. 9. Godt Vejr. Søster til Gymnastik. Alt gik godt. Holdt ud til Kl. 4 1/2. Sol og Blæst. Træt. *Tirsdag 23. marts. Konfirmander til Afslutning. Stemme til Folketing. Godt Vejr, Sol og Blæst. Peder fik en pragtfuld Blomsterkurv af Børnene. *Søndag 28. marts. I Kirke Kl. 2. Gymnastikopvisning Kl. 2 1/2. Søster dygtig. Preben ogsaa flink. Bent ikke med. *Tirsdag 30. marts (Prebens fødselsdag). Preben lægge Lagkage sammen. Lave Dessert til i Morgen. Preben ude at faa Eksamensresultat. og kom i 2. Mellem. Preben fik Sko fra Mor og Far, Pung Bent og Søster. Bog Inge. 2 Kr. fra Daugaard. *Onsdag 31. marts. Bage Galopkringle. Skrive Johanne. Hilse paa hende ved Færgen Kl. 17,27. Holde Prebens Fødselsdag. 5. Klassekammerater. Bøf og Frugtfromage med Creme. Storm og Byger. Kaffe Kl. 2, morede sig godt. Beredskabskvinder holde Møde i Skolen Kl. 8 som skal have Kaffe. 30 damer. *Torsdag 1. april. Storvask. Preben begynde i 2. Mellem. Søster begynde at gaa i Syskole. Storm og Byger. Hængt Tøj paa Loftet *Lørdag 10. april. Rejse til Odense Kl 13,10. De havde lavet ordentlig Sammenskudsgilde og vi havde en god men streng Nat *Søndag 11. april. Inge Konfirmeret i Rudkøbing. God og Fornem Fest. Holdt ud til Kl. 5 og saa ikke sovet i 2 Nætter. Strengt, men dejligt. *Mandag 12. april. Rejse til Værslev. Vidunderligt Vejr. Havde dejlig en Rejse. Hilste på Johanne paa Oure Station *Torsdag 15. april. Ugerent Stuer. Forældremøde Kl. 7 1/2, 12 til kaffe. Fik Blomst som Tak for Vinterens Møder. *Fredag 16. april. Lørdagsrent. Bage. Lave Mad. Møde i Huset. Søster og jeg cyklet til Viskinde til Skomager, købt Klip-Klap. Byger og Graat. *Onsdag 21. april. Lørdagsrent. Lave mad. Alle i Bad. Flot Vejr. Frygtelig ?Flyveralarm? over hele Landet i Nat, Anrettet en del Skade. *Fredag 23. april. Drengene rejse med 6 Toget til Farfars. fint Vejr. I Kirke Kl. 2. Cyklet til Daugaards ''ulæseligt''. Præsten her om Aftenen og fik Kaffe til godt 11. *Søndag 25. april. I Kirke Kl. 10. Om Eftermiddagen nede hos Fru Daugaard og fik rigtig Kaffe. Byger, opklaring til Aften. *Tirsdag 27. april. Drengene skulle komme med 9 Toget; men fik ikke Forbindelse og maatte blive i Roskilde Station i Nat. Det var frygteligt. Nøgler blevet væk. *Onsdag 28. april. Preben begynde Skolen. Peder ud at have alle Tænder ud. Børnene vaksineret for Difteritis. Maleren begynde i Soveværelset. *Lørdag 1. maj. Lørdagsrent. Lave Mad. Alle i Bad. Hovedrent paa Gæsteværelser. Fint Vejr. Farfar kom til Aften. Gynter 5 Aar. *Søndag 2. maj. Præsten 40 Aar. Skrive Agnes. Hjemme hele Dagen, lidt Køligt. Peder og Farfar i Kirke Kl. 7 1/2. *Fredag 7. maj. Begynde Herreværelset. Regn hele Dagen. Maleren malet 2 gang i Spisestuen. Drengene til Haandbold og helt ''ulæseligt'' paa Benene. *Fredag 14. maj. Fint Vejr. Færdig i Køkkenet. Bager Jens er død. Til Bisættelse Kl. 7. Ferniseret i Køkken. *Tirsdag 18. maj. Begynde Gymnastik efter Hovedrengøringen. Rulle. Bageren begraves. Drikke kffe i Forsamlingshuset. Spise til Aften Kl. 5. *Tirsdag 20. maj. Ugerent Loftet. Sylte Asier. I Biografen at se ”Lykken kommer” Viby og Ebbe Rode. Stoppe Strømper. Godt Vejr. Søster ?Skraalehoste? *Fredag 21. maj. Bage rigtig Kringle. Peder til Bimøde. Oksesteg og Rabarbergrød. Lave Leverpostej. Flot Vejr. Helmer herude. Søster og jeg cyklet til Gisseløre. *Mandag 31. maj. Male Havemøbler. Sende Pakke til Agnes. Hundekoldt og Blæst. Preben punkteret paa min Cykel, gaa hjem fra Ubberup og faa sin Faders. Frygtelig katastrofe med de Cykler. Nu staar de 4 flade. *Lørdag 5. juni. Lørdagsrent, sætte Tøj i Blød. Alle i Bad. Peder til Bimøde. Køligt og Regn. Peder købt 3 Bihuse, vanvittigt. *Torsdag 10. juni. Ugerent Loft. Reparere paa Maskine. Til Slagter, smukt Vejr. Peder købt 2 Sværme Bier for 50 Kr. *Fredag 11. juni. Ugerent Stuer. Pudse Vinduer. Hjulpen Peder i Haven. Peder hentet Bier. Pragtfuldt Sommervejr 26 Grader i Skyggen, 40 i Solen. *Søndag 13. juni - pinsedag. I Kirke Kl. 10. Mere køligt. Søster har Feber. Skrive Breve. Drikke Kaffe hos Pastor Jensen. Drengene til Ildebrand i Forsinge. *Torsdag 1. juli. Børnene vaksineret imod Difteteritis. Dejligt Sommervejr. Om ad Kalundborg og Bent købte sig Sko for egne Penge {{Image|file=Frank-2714-10.jpg |caption=''Bents 1943 Difterivaccinationskort'' |size=l }} *Tirsdag 6. juli. Gymnastikinspektion. Gerlach, Skolekommission og Inspektør Kaffe. Vaske Børnevask. Skure Gulv i Køkken og Entre. *Torsdag 8. juli. Helge og Bodil kommer til Middag. Lave Mad. Byget Vejr og Blæst. *Torsdag 15. juli. Ugerent Stuer. Jeg til Lægen og skal paa Sygehuset. Trist. Cyklet tur til Kysthospitalet med Helge og Bodil, Søster flink til at cykle saa langt. *Tirsdag 20. juli. Bent og jeg paa Sygehuset. Fint Vejr. Peder, Preben og Søster til Stranden. Bent lige i Humøret, oppe at sige godnat til mig. *Onsdag 21. juli, Jeg opereres Kl. 9 cirka. Streng Dag. Peder ude at besøge mig. Fint Vejr. *Torsdag 22. juli. Havde det sløjt. Bent fejet ?Taget?. ''ulæseligt'', Peder, Preben, Søster herude. *Lørdag 24. juli. Været oppe at blive skiftet. Lidt Slemt. Bent hjem. ''ulæseligt''. *Søndag 25. juli. Drengene rejst til farfar. Far og Søster besøgt mig. Luftalarm 16,10. Fint Vejr. Sovet godt i nat. *Lørdag 31. juli. Søster og Far herude med Is og melon. Fru Georg Hansen herude med nelliker. Flot Vejr. Fru Mikkelsen kom ogsaa med Nelliker. *Søndag 1. august. Flot Vejr. Skrive Agnes og Estrid. Inger herude i Besøgstiden; men Peder kom til Aften. Frygtelig varmt og Torden til Natten. *Tirsdag 3. august. Skrive Ingrid. Søster og Far her. Luftalarm i Nat. Faaet 4711 fra Fru Lund. *Onsdag 4. august. Agnes og Ellen kom med 4 Toget og saa til mig og Peder ''ulæseligt'' Nielsen Blomster. *Torsdag 5. august. Ingrid, Agnes, Ellen og Far herude med Kaffe. Fru Børgesen med Kager og Blomster. Har det bedre oppe. Peder og dem alle og hilse paa igen Kl. 7. *Fredag 6. august. Agnes og Ellen her. Far og Søster været hos Doktor og Vaksineret. Gennemblødte alle sammen. Peder været hos Lægen og det er ondartet. Trist ''ulæseligt''. Skal have Lys i Odense. Haft det godt, oppe i Dag. *Lørdag 7. august. Agnes, Ellen og ''ulæseligt'' rejst til Fyn.Søster kom ikke med fordi hun blev lidt skidt tilpas efter Vaksinationen. Peder herude. Gaaet Tur med ham i ?Korridor?. Fru ''ulæseligt'' hjemme. *Mandag 9. august. Drengene hjem fra Farfars. Skrive Ingrid og Hille. Hjem fra Sygehuset med Rutebil. *Tirsdag 10. august. Travlt det meste af Dagen. Om Aftenen nede at hilse paa Fru Daugaard og fik rigelig Kaffe. *Onsdag 11. august. Børnene vaksineret ''ulæseligt'' hos Doktor Friis. Peder i Kalundborg. Edlerine og Fru Jacobsen hernede med Blomster og Chokolade. Regn i Eftermiddag. *Lørdag 14. august. Koge Suppe. Regn og mægtig Storm. Alle i Bad. Brev fra Reservelægen. Af sted i Morgen. *Søndag 15. august. Far Søster og jeg rejst til Fyn. Drengene hjemme. Preben til Helmers Fødselsdag. Tog ud til Ellen. *Mandag 16. august. Paa Sygehuset Kl. 11 1/2. Fik behandling til 3. Byger. Hjemme resten af Dagen. Om Aftenen var Peder, Egon, Svend ude at spille L’hombre med Far. *Tirsdag 17. august. Behandling Kl. 10, derefter Røntgenfotograferet. Spise til Middag hos Hille. I Biografen med Hille, Ellen og jeg. Undtagelsestilstand i Odense. *Onsdag 18. august. Storstrejke i Odense. Alt lukket og de skyder i Gaderne. Ellen uskadt. Jeg passet hus. Bombarderet og skudt. *Torsdag 19. august. Behandling Kl. 10. Forfærdelige tilstande. Brande og Sabotage i stor Stil. Godt Vejr. Vasket Haar. *Fredag 20. august. I Dag flyttede vi ned til Hille. Meget varmt. Søster ked af at forlade Birthe. *Lørdag 21. august. Hille 35 Aar. Til behandling Kl. 10. Johan kørte med paa Sygehus, stor Demonstration. Hille mange Gæster hele Dagen. Ude om Aftenen. Torden om Natten. *Mandag 23. august. Behandling Kl. 10 og blev punkteret for ''ulæseligt'' af Overlægen. Spiste Kanin hos Ellen. Bodil og Helge over at drikke Kaffe. *Torsdag 26. august. Flytte ud til Morfar. Ellen og Birthe med derude. Været med Hille paa Kirkegaard og pyntet Mors Grav. *Fredag 27. august. Behandling Kl. 10 i Øsende Regn. Sidste. Set af Overlægen. Hille, Ellen og Egon ude at hilse af med mig om Aftenen. *Lørdag 28. august. Rejse til Værslev med 15,53 Ekspres. Torden da vi rejste fra Odense. Hjem i øsende Regn, mægtig trængsel. *Søndag 29. august. Undtagelsestilstand. Tyskerne har overtaget Magten. Frygteligt. I Kirke Kl. 2 og drikke Kaffe hos Præstens. Om Aftenen nede at hilse paa Daugaards. *Mandag 30. august. Øsende regn. Preben kunne ikke faa Billet til Skole for Tyskerne. Nørgaards kom herned og fik Kaffe og Ansøgning underskrevet. *Tirsdag 31. august. Fint Vejr. Til Doktor Friis. Skrive Far, Hille, Ellen. ''ulæseligt'' Asier. Peder cyklet til Viskinde til Skomager. Nu er det helt forbudt at rejse. Frygtelige tilstande. Gud give at der snart maatte blive Fred i Verden igen. *Lørdag 18. september. Lørdagsrent og bage. Alle i Bad. Koge ?Pærer?, slagte Høne. Fint Vejr. Preben vejer 102 med Tøj. Bent 77, Søster 40, alle med Tøj. *Torsdag 23. september. Ugerent Loftet. Henkoge Pærer 11 Glas. Koldt og Regn. Bent med Landmaaler. *Onsdag 29. september. Stryge. Reparere. Godt Vejr. Faaet Gris fra Farfar, rendte om til Bent Andersens og ind i deres Sti. *Torsdag 30. september. Ugerent Loftet. Paa Sygehuset og set til Fru Lund og ?Fru? Slagter. bage Brød. Oppe hos Reservelægen som var tilfreds. Peder faaet Tænder. *Søndag 10. oktober. I Kirke. Fint Vejr. Ikke sovet i Nat. Mine Nerver daarlige. Kedeligt. *Torsdag 14. oktober. Ugerent Stuer. Lave Mad. Alle i Bad i Vaskehuset. Fru Nørgaard købt Gave til Offersen. *Fredag 15. oktober. Rejse til Fyn Søster og jeg. Helt godt Vejr. God Rejse. Mange Rejsende. Ellen hentet mig paa Banen. Ud til Hille. *Lørdag 16. oktober. Helge giftes Kl. 11 1/2. Peder til Bryllup hos Offersens. Til Bryllup Kl. 11 1/2. Frokost Kl. 1. God dag. *Søndag 17. oktober. Drikke Morgenkaffe hos Svends. Middag hos Hille. Eftermiddagskaffe hos Helge og Bodil. *Tirsdag 19. oktober. Rejse til Værslev Kl. 3 1/2. Agnes rejst Kl. 1 1/2. Fint Vejr. Peder hentet os. Hille fulgte os paa Stationen. God Ferie. *Søndag 31. oktober. Skrive Ellen. Estrid og Bodil og far. Ingen Gudstjeneste. Klart og mere Køligt. Peder renset hos Kaniner og Kartofler ind. Stoppe Strømper. Børnene vejet Nøgne: ::Preben 100 pund
::Bent 73 pund
::Søster 40 pund
*Lørdag 6. november. Fru Daugaard 73. Slagte Høne til Frikasse. Meget Koldt. Kogt Æblegrød. Drikke Kaffe hos Daugaards Kl. 3. Drengene til Andespil. Vandt intet. *Mandag 8. november. Preben ligger i Sengen. Vaske Ugevask og Strømper. Meget fint Vejr igen. Syg Gardiner. Søster og jeg i Viskinde. Aftenskolen begyndt. 32 Elever. *Tirsdag 9. november. Slagte kanin. bage Brød. Til Kalundborg. Farfar var kommet da vi kom hjem. *Onsdag 10. november. Kanin og Dessert. Se Syltetøjsskabet efter. Preben op i Eftermiddag. Regn. Spillet kort med Farfar om Aftenen. *Mandag 15. november. ''ulæseligt'' til Rep. Hente Sko i Viskinde. Skrive Agnes og Hille. Aftenskole 45 Elever. *Torsdag 18. november. Ugerent Stuer. Til Kalundborg. Sætte Tøj i Blød. 46 Elever. Bent passet Søster som sad i Sengen. *Torsdag 25. november. Rejse til Fyn Kl. 6,30. Besøgt Niels og Dagny paa Fyn Kl. 2. Ud til Morfar. Estrid kom ogsaa. *Fredag 26. november. Møde paa Radiumstation Kl. 11 1/2 og fik Behandling. Hilst paa alle Søskende. Peder ude at se paa Embede om Aftenen. Havde Morfar Selskab. *Lørdag 27. november. Peder rejse hjem. Fint Vejr. Faaet Behandling Kl. 10. Estrid og jeg rejst til Tvinde. *Mandag 29. november. Til Behandling Kl. 3. Rejse fra Tvinde og Estrid rejst til Langeland Kl. 1. Ned til Hille. Bodil og Helge til Spisning. *Lørdag d. 4. december. Sidste Behandling. Ud og hilse af med Morfar. Hente Sko. Ud til Hille til Aften. *Søndag 5. december. Rejse til Værslev Kl. 6,20, hjem 12. Dejligt Vejr. Flæskesteg og Budding. *Tirsdag 7. december. Sy gardiner i Soveværelse. Godt Vejr. Præsten, Nørgaard og Nederland kom, saa vi fik intet bestilt. *Onsdag 8. december. Begynde Morgengymnastik igen. Frost, klart. Stoppe Strømper. Peder til Kalundborg. 1 Kylling begyndt at lægge Æg. *Mandag 13. december. Skrive Helge. Storvask. Peder hjælpe mig Efter 3. Aftenskole. Streng Dag. Meget træt. *Onsdag 15. december. Bage Brunekager og Vaniljekranse. Honninglagkage. Nationalt møde Kl. 7. Af med Kaniner. *Mandag 17. december. Hovedrent Loftet. Bage Sandkage. Koge Rødbeder. Forældremøde til Drøftelse af Skolejuletræ. Deltagere til kaffe. *Søndag 19. december. Skrive Julebreve og Kort. Preben til Skolefest paa Postgaarden. Øsende regn hele dagen saa Preben med Toget derud. *Torsdag 23. december. Lave Mad. Bage Brød. lave Dessert. Pakke sidste Pakker ind. Rent Kælder. Alle i Bad. Rent over hele Huset. *Fredag 24. december. Pynte Juletræ. Bage Kringle og Boller. I Kirke Kl. 4. Fint klart Vejr. God Aften med gode Gaver. Blomst fra Præstens. ?Bøger? fra Fru Daugaard. *Lørdag 25. december. Preben i Kirke. Fint klart Vejr. Søster nyder rigtig at køre med Dukkevognen og leger med ?Seja? *Mandag 27. december. Til Klundborg at bytte Perlekrans. Mildt men graat. Havde ingen saa de skulde se at faa hjem. *Fredag 31. december. Klart og Køligt. Bage Boller og Kringle. Torsk og Æbleskiver. Lave Citronfromage. Stegt Flæskesteg. I Kirke Kl. 23,30. Føre dagbog ajour. Drikke Kaffe hos Præstens efter Gudstjenesten. ==1944== *Lørdag 1. januar. Juletræ Kl. 6. I Kirke Kl. 2 og til Aften Flæskesteg og Citronfromage. Regn og Storm om Eftermiddagen. *Søndag 2. januar. Føre Dagbog ajour. Ned at hilse pa Fru Daugaard. Regn det meste af Dagen. Peder repareret Mørklægningen. *Mandag 3. januar. Aftenskole begynde. Sætte Tøj i Blød. Bent blevet helt ivrig til at læse Bøger han fik i Julegave. Søster spiller Melodion med 2 Hænder. *Onsdag 5. januar. Storvask. Peder hjælper mig. Stille Frost og Sol. Alt Tøjet ud, hængt paa Loftet til Aften. Børnene paa Isen, Preben faldt igennem paa Engen. *Torsdag 6. januar. Skolen begynde. Dræby tale. Sogneråd og ?Elever? til Kaffe med Brød. 50 Deltagere til kaffe. Rent Stuer. Regn, Storm. *Mandag 10. januar. Brev fra Rosa og Ingrid. Forfødet et Par Strømper til Bent. Aftenskole 31 Elever. Snevejr, Børnene ellevilde. *Onsdag 12. januar. National Møde Kl. 7. Rulle. Tøvejr igen. Bage Brød. Bent ude at staa paa Ski paa Birkendegaards Bakker, saa det passer ham rigtigt. *Lørdag 15. januar. Lørdagsrent. Lave Mad. Drikke Kaffe hos lærer Nederlands Kl. 7 1/2. Jeg kom ikke med da jeg blev saa syg af Hovedsmerter til Aften, da jeg havde hvilet mig lidt og stod op blev jeg saa syg at jeg kastede op. *Tirsdag 18. januar. Far 45. Bage Boller og Kringle. Til Vebers Kl. 7 1/2. Givet Peder Skjorte fra Søster og jeg. Kop fra Bent og Preben. Cigar Fru Daugaard. Brev fra Estrid, Agnes og Hille og Farmor, Morfar, Ellen og Bodil. *Onsdag 19. januar. Børnevask. Reparere. Det sidste paa Loftet. Koge Rabarbergrød. Taaget. Søster ligger med lidt Forkølelse og hun læser Historien om en Læsebog. Der er godt gjort. *Lørdag 22. januar. Lørdagsrent. Alle i Bad. Lave Mad. Byger og Blæst. Bage Brød. Søster er meget velbegavet. Søster kan ogsaa strikke nu. Hun skalk jo have Arbejdet lagt frem til Eksamen. Søster er saa dygtig til at læse, hun læser i alle Bøger. Søster kender ogsaa Uret nu. *Mandag 24. januar. Blæst og Sol. Brugsfest - 75 (års) Jubilæum. Spisning, Film , Bal Kl. 4. Preben til Tandlæge. Jeg ude at faa krøllet Haar op. God Aften. Peders Tale gjorde lykke. *Lørdag 29. januar. Mormor 64 Aar. Aftenskole i stedet for Mandags. Bagt Boller. Lørdagsrent. Lave Mad. Sætte Flæsk i Blød. Rense Saltkarret. Preben til Tandlæge og faa plomberet. Drengene begyndt at gaa til Folkedans. Søster til Gymnastik. *Torsdag 10. februar. Slagte Kl. 8. Valborg rense Tarme. Stor hjælp. Streng Dag for Gæsterne. *Mandag 21. februar. Storvask. Frost og Blæst. En del tørret færdigt. Frygtelig koldt. Bent ligger. Aftenskole. Peder have Vebers og Præstens timer. *Torsdag 24. februar. Ugerent Loftet. Præstens, Overlærer Jarlund, Vebers til at spise til Aften. Elever ig Forældre Kaffe, i alt 40 deltagere. Jarlund holde Foredrag. Veber læse op. Godt Vejr. *Onsdag 1. marts. Børste og presse. Stryge. Storvask og det sidste til side. Koldt, Snevejr. Peder lavet Sang til afslutning. *Søndag 5. marts. Rejse til Fyn med 1 Toget. ''ulæseligt'' Hille 13,19. Fint Vejr, god Rejse. Spist Flæskesteg hos Moster Hille. Svends og Ellen der. Med Ellen hjem. *Mandag 6. marts. Møde paa Radiumstationen. Kl. 11 1/2. Skrive Agnes. Besøge Far som er syg. Ellen paa Sygehuset hos Egon. Luftalarm Kl. 9 1/2. *Tirsdag 7. marts. Ringe Rosa og Johanne og Tante Nathalie. Hilse paa Svends. Op med Ur. Armbaand lavet. Spise til Aften hos Bodil og Helge. Spærretid fra 20 - 5. *Onsdag 8 marts. Hilse Fru Daugaards Kusine. Graat og Koldt. Egon hjem fra Sygehuset. Søster og jeg flyttet over til Hille. *Tirsdag 9. marts. Rimtaage. Har meget Kvalme. Strengt at faa Behandlinger. Ud at hilse paa Morfar som er kommet op i Dag. *Fredag 10. marts. Hente Ur. Behandling Kl. 10. Spise Suppe Kl. 12 hos Morfar. Ringe hos ?Svends?. Meget Kvalme og skidt tilpas. *Lørdag 11. marts. Rejse til Langeland. Søndagsbillet 12,45 fra Odense. 8,24 Mandag. Blæst og Sol. Faaet Behandling Kl. 9. God Rejse. *Mandag 13. marts. Paa Sygehuset Kl. 3. Storm. Rejst fra Langeland Kl. 8,05Forfædeligt Vejr saa jeg kom ikke til Villestofte. *Tirsdag 14. marts. Sidste Behandling Kl. 9. Rejse til Værslev, god Rejse. Søster faaet maling paa Frakken paa Nyborg Station. Bodil faaet Søn. *Søndag 19. marts. Opvisning til Gymnastik. Lægge Vandkringle, lægge Lagkage sammen. Koge Rabarbergrød. Børnene lavede fin Gymnastik. *Mandag 20. marts. Eksamen Kl. 9. Bage Kringle. Oksesteg og Rabarbergrød med Jordbær. Sol og Blæst. Jeg meget træt. *Tirsdag 21. marts. Skrive Birkende. Børnene til Folkedansopvisning Kl. 7. Været meget syg i Nat. Ligget Formiddag. Børnene dansede nydeligt. God Aften for Børnene. *Torsdag 23. marts. Skinke til Røg. Bage Brød. Afslutning i Aftenskolen. Brønno og ?Hoffmeyer? til at spise til Aften. Hoffmeyer holde Foredrag. Kaffebord og Bal i Huset. Lærerne fik hver et Askebæger og jeg en Blomst. *Onsdag 29. marts. Lave Citronfromage. Rent over det hele. Snebyger. Hængt Viskestykker ud og fik dem tørret og rullet. Bent har det bedre. Friskolen nedlagt. *Lørdag 1. april. Søster begynde Skolen. 3 og 7 fra Friskolen. Rent over det hele. Alle i Bad. Meget koldt. Børnene og jeg tidligt i Seng fordi vi er saa Forkølede. Preben begynde i 3. mellem. *Mandag 3. april. Rulle og Stryge og Reparere. Hundekoldt. Peder hos Konfirmander. Jeg meget træt. Søster skrevet Diktat og havde kun en Fejl. Smuk med ?g? *Onsdag 12. april. Meget fint Vejr. ''ulæseligt''. Begynde Skolen. Bage Brød, stoppe Strømper. Til fest i Forsamlingshuset hos Georg Hansens Bryllup. *Fredag 14. april. Sende gave Hougaards. Ugerent Stuer og Telegram til Nederlands. Renset kakkelovn, kalket Køkken og Kælder. Mere koldt. Skrive Hille og Far. *Lørdag 15. april. Lørdagsrent. Lave mad. Alle i Bad. Bagt kringle og Boller. Luftalarm og mange Engelske Maskiner lige over. Anna Madsen fundet Prebens Ur i deres Flueskab. Har været borte siden først i December da jeg var paa Fyn. Regn Formiddag. Opklarende fra Eftermiddag. *Søndag 23. april. I Kirke Kl. 10. Fru Bager Jensen 69. Føre Dagbog ajour. Børnene til Dilettant Kl. 2 1/2, og det var saa god syntes de. *Onsdag 26. april. Rulle. Sol men koldt. Reparere og stoppe. Frygtelige Hovedsmerter, taget Pulver og ligge lidt. Peder til Luftmøde Postgaarden. *Lørdag 29. april. Lave Ris a la mande. Lørdagsrent. Alle i Bad. Bage Boller og Kringle. Sæagte Høne. Bedre Vejr. Kronprinsessen faaet en Datter. *Fredag 5. maj - bededag. Bage Kringle med Appelsinskaller. I Kirke. I Biografen og gik hjem fra Kalundborg. Regnbyger. Ømbenet. *Søndag 7. maj. Skrive Agnes. Hundekoldt. Preben ligger i Sengen fordi han har sparket for hårdt til Bolten. Søster fanget en Harekilling. *Onsdag 10. maj. Ordne Skabe og Skuffer. Helt godt Vejr. Faaet min Cykel tilbage efter 2 Mdr. fra Ebbe ?Rodf? at faa et Dæk. *Torsdag 11. maj. Pudse Sølvtøj. Ordne Klædeskab. Helt godt Vejr. Peder i Brændet. Faar ikke lagt Gulv fordi der ikke kan skaffes ordentlige Brædder. *Lørdag 13. maj. Færdig Spisestuen. Lave Citronfromage. Alle i Bad. Fernisere. Peder til Møde i Kalundborg. Fint Vejr. Blev Luftalarm medens Peder var der og kom ikke hjem før over 8 1/2. *Fredag 19. maj. Hovedrent Soveværelse. Regn, trist for Dyner. Koge gule Ærter. Meget træt. Peder ordnet nye Bihuse. *Søndag 21. maj. Ferniseret 2 gang i Soveværelset. Oksesteg, Grød. Helt godt Vejr.. Stoppe Strømper. Drengene ude i Mosen og fiske, men fik ingenting. *Mandag 29. maj. Skrive Estrid og Agnes. Hele Familien rejst til Jyderup med Toget. Kaffe og Mad med. Vidunderligt Vejr. Streng Dag. *Tirsdag 6. juni. Fru Andersen. Til Kalundborg. Byger. Invasion i Frankrig. Frygteligt. Tordenbyger. *Fredag 9. juni. Ugerent Stuer. Reparere det sidste. Graat og Byger. Trist at det ikke kan blive Sommer. Nederland kom og fik Kaffe. *Søndag 11. juni. Til Slagelse at besøge Niels og Dagny med Toget. Daarligt Vejr, Byger. God Dag. Drengene rejste med 6 Toget om Morgenen derned. *Onsdag 14. juni. Fernisere i Køkken efter Frokost. Daarligt Vejr, som sædvanlig, trist meget trist. Hentet Rationeringskort. *Mandag 19. juni. Pudse Vinduer. Nu er Sommeren da endelig kommet. Vidunderligt. Solbad og Styrtebad. Bierne sværmer. Skidt. Hovedpine. *Onsdag 28. juni. Stryge og reparere. Faaet besked om at jeg skal arve efter Mors Kusine i Otterup. Peder ført Luftværns''ulæseligt''. *Torsdag 29. juni. Ugerent Loftet. Reparere og rulle. Ned til Fru Daugaard at drikke Kaffe. Hentet Blomster has Gartneren. Sendt Brev til Bogense. Pines saadan af Gigt i Knæ og Fodled. *Fredag 30. juni. Ugerent Stuer. Reparere paa Maskine. Frygtelige Smerter i Nat af Gigten. Til Slagter og i Brugsen. Købe Gave Erna. Preben faaet Ferie og Far med at bære det sidste Brænde paa Loftet. Strejke i København. Alt standset. *Lørdag 1. juli. Lørdagsrent. Alle i Bad. Skrive Ellen. Bage Kringle og Boller. Slemme Gigt smerter i Dag igen. Trist. Alt standset i København ogsaa Radioen, sørgelige Tilstande. *Lørdag 8. juli. Ordnet Haar Kl. 16. Fotograferet til Legitimationskort. Henkogt 2 Glas Jordbær til. Meget varmt saa vi næsten smelter naar vi ikke har Tid til at gaa i Vandet. Peder klippes. Faaet Slyngemaskine og Peder slynget Magasinerne og fik Honning *Søndag 9. juli. Til Bryllup Erna. I Kirke Kl. 3. Festen i Forsamlingshuset. Meget, meget varmt. Jens og Drengene til Stranden. Søster leget med Gurli. Meget god Fest. *Tirsdag 11. juli. Pudse Vinduer. Stryge. Køligt. Drengene i Mosen. Repareret paa Maskine. Anne-Grethe revet Armene af Søsters Dukke. Stor Sorg. *Fredag 14. juli. Ugerent Stuer og Lørdagsrent. Alle i Bad. Til Kalundborg efter Paalæg. Bent med og købte Sko for Tørvepengene. Bent i Vandet. Preben tjen 26 ''ulæseligt''. *Mandag 17. juli. Storvask, meget fint stille og Sol ovenpaa regnen. Alt Tøjet tørret. Drengene i Mosen. Peder og Søster slynget Honning. *Torsdag 20. juli. Ugerent Loftet. Preben i Mosen. Peder ud til Olsen og faa sprøjtet Aareknuder Kl. 2 1/2. Søster og jeg med. Graat og stille hele Dagen. *Torsdag 27. juli. Fernisere Køkken og Gang. Rent Kælder. Sylte Hindbærsaft. Rejse med Toget til Fyn. Frygtelig Regnvejr. God Rejse. Preben til Svend, Bent hos Ellen, vi andre hos Hille. *Fredag 28. juli. Ud at hilse paa Morfar. Aalborg og Villestofte. Hos Hille om Aftenen. Ringet til Estrid. Hille paa Sygehuset at se til Gynter. Lummert, Byger. *Lørdag 29. juli. Spise til Aften hos Helge og Bodil Kl. 5 1/2. Til Byen købe Gave til Gynter. Set Bombeskader. Vin fik en værre Forskrækkelse. Rutebilstationen Aalborg sprængt med 3 Bomber. Eskjærs Lejlighed ogsaa raseret. Frygteligt. *Fredag 4. august. Paa Sygehuset Kl. 11 1/2 til Undersøgelse. Rejst med 17,35 fra Odense, paa Langeland Kl. godt 10. God Rejse herover. *Søndag 6. august. Flot Vejr. Hele Familien til Stranden med Aftensmad med. God Dag. {{Image|file=Madsen-1547-22.jpg |caption=''Foto fra ferien på Langeland. Drengene må være Bent og Preben og pigen Inge Lise.
Damerne formentlig Anna og hendes søster Estrid.
Manden med hat er Estrids mand Aage. Peder yderst til højre.'' |size=l }} *Torsdag 10. august. Bent blev paa Langeland. Rejse til Værslev, over med 9 Færgen. Hjemme 9 Toget. Streng Dag. Byger, meget træt og søvnig. Godt at komme i egen ''ulæseligt''. *Lørdag 12. august. Rent over hele Huset. Lave Mad. Koge Rødgrød. Alle i Bad. Ordne Saltkar. Været ved Olsen med min Iskias og fik Tabletter som jeg haaber hjælper. Jeg kunne ikke blive ved med at gaa og pines. Grovvejr. *Onsdag 16. august. Storvask. Skrive Agnes. Blæst, Dynebetrækkene blæste ned. Alt tørret. Preben til Fødselsdag hos Helmer. Annonce i Avisen om Klaver. *Torsdag 17. august. Stryge, rulle. Meget varmt. Træt. Repareret det hele. Peder begyndt at rense ''ulæseligt''. Faaet Billet til paa Klaver, saa har vi faaet 3. *Fredag 18. august. Ugerent Stuer og Loftet. Bage. Til Kalundborg at se paa Klaver. Købt et til 475 paa Lundevej. Vidunderligt Vejr. Søster 6 1/2 Aar. *Søndag 20. august. Bent kommer hjem. Inge og Ruth med. 30 gr. Bage Kringle og Boller. Preben smadret min Cykel, Brandbilen kørte over den. *Lørdag 26. august. Inge, Ruth og jeg rejst til København med 5 1/2 Toget. God Rejse. Gik gennem Strøget, Amalienborg og Langelinie. Spist Frokost hos deres Farbror. Besøgt Feriedreng. Drukket kaffe hos Farbroderen. I Palladium. Jeg hjem Kl. 17,41. God Rejse. Far og Søster hentet mig efter en god Tur. Meget varmt. *Søndag 27. august. I Kirke. Fint Vejr. Meget Træt. Bombarderet i Jylland i et Tog. 12 dræbt, mange saarede. Forfærdeligt. 20 Bomber i et ''ulæseligt''. *Torsdag 31. august. Preben svedte saa jeg maatte skifte alt Sengetøjet. Ugerent Loftet. Preben 39,2 til Morgen. Bent syg til Aften. Han har været henne at tærske paa Møllegaarden, Saa var han sløj da han kom og havde 38,5. *Søndag 3. september. Skrive Eskjær. Byger. Bente. Ugerevue Kl. 17. Vejes. Jeg pines saa frygteligt af Iskias. Preben 38,5-39,1. Han har det bedre i Dag. *Tirsdag 5. september. Eskjær. Peder hente Klaveret. Preben 37,8-37,7, saa i dag ser han godt ud. Holger kom ikke med Klaver alligevel. Byger, Sol og Blæst. *Onsdag 6. september. Ugerent Loftet. 6 Aar siden Mor døde. Preben feberfri til Morgen og har det godt. I dag har vi saa endelig faaet Klaveret hjem. *Torsdag 7. september. Ringet til Klaverstemmer. Rent Stuer. Preben op og har det godt. Bestilt Fru Nørgaard til at spille med Bent. Regn det meste af Dagen. *Lørdag 9. september. Bent 11 Aar. Bage Kringle og Boller. Fru Daugaard og Erna oppe at drikke kaffe. Bent fik 2 Kr. fra Søster og Preben en Svæveflyver. far og Mor en Klaverskole. Brev fra Mostrene. Sol og Blæst. *Søndag 10. september. Bent have Drenge ''ulæseligt''. Kl. 2. Bagt Kringle. Lavet Leverpostej. Stegt Flæskesteg. Været i Kirke Kl. 10. Drengene spise Smørrebrød og Sodavand til Aften. *Tirsdag 12. september. Bent begynde at spille Kl. 4. Fik Blommer Morfar. Syltet og henkogt. Pragtfuldt Vejr. Klaverstemmer se paa Klaver. *Fredag 15. september. Bent spille. Ugerent Stuer, rulle. Søster 38,6-39 til Aften. Klaveret stemt og i orden. Preben begyndt at rejse med Toget. Vebers kom med Blommer. *Onsdag 20. september. Pudse Vinduer. Søster 37,4-36,8. I gaar satte Tyskerne det danske Politi af og overtog Polititjenesten. Strejke igen. Forfærdelige forhold. Preben kom ikke i Skole. Toggangen usikker. *Fredag 22. september. Bent spille. Ugerent Stuer. Af vanvare kom vi til at slagte en Høne i stdet for en hanekylling. Trist. Graavejr og Blæst igen. *Lørdag 23. september. Lørdagsrent, lave Mad. Alle i Bad. Helt fint Vejr. Har saadan pintes i Nat af iskias, saa jeg sov ikke fra 1 1/2 til 5. Faaet 77 Fl. Most fra Kalundborg med Valdemar Jensen. *Onsdag 27. september. Til Læge, nu kan jeg ikke holde det ud længere. Været forpint i Nat. Fik Indsprøjtning og skal have Massage hos Fr. Buhr. Blæst og Byger. *Tirsdag 10. oktober. Sætte Tøj i Blød. Bent betale. Lave Tomapurre og Suppe. Maatte gaa i Seng til Frokost med 38,8. Rigtig skidt tilpas. Regn hele dagen. *Onsdag 11. oktober. Steg lever. Pærevælling. Til Læge og Massøse Kl. 1. Har det lidt bedre i Dag. Preben og Bent til Konfirmation hos Vagner. Jeg fik slem Kvalme og kastede op efter Lægebesøg. *Torsdag 12. oktober. Jeg Feber og skidt tilpas. Storvask. Vaskede alligevel. Peder og Bent hjalp mig en del, saa jeg kom da over det. Hængt en del ud og det hele paa Loftet. *Onsdag 18. oktober. Tante Maren 70 Aar. Til Læge og Massøse Kl. 1. Peder til Kalundbor. Regn om Eftermiddagen. *Lørdag 21. oktober. Lørdagsrent. Alle i bad. Lave til selskab i Morgen. Børnene have lille Fest i Skolen, med Sodavand og Kager og dans. Valborg hjælper mig. Husk at lægge papir under Gulvtæppet i Vinter. *Søndag 22. oktober. Jubilæum i Skolen 100 Aars. I Huset kl. 4. Middag kl. 12. Præsten, Vebers, P. A., Vald. Jensen, Nederlands. Helt god Fest i Huset. Ikke sovet i Nat. *Mandag 23. oktober. Til Læge og Massøse Kl. 1. Spørge om Pletter paa Øjnene. Skrive Bodil. Sende Æbler til Aalborg. Skal paa Sygehuset til Badebehandling. Trist. *Tirsdag 24. oktober. Blomster ind fra Haven. Op at bestille Elisabeth til at hjælpe naar jeg skal paa Sygehuset. Peder sende afbud til Præstens ''ulæseligt''. *Fredag 27. oktober. Ugerent Stuer. Stryge, repareret og stoppet. Kommet paa Sygehuset med 4 Toget. Fik første Bad i Formiddags Kl. 10 1/2. *Søndag 29. oktober. Næsten ikke sovet i Nat. Godt Vejr. Faaet Fyrrenaalsbad, dejligt. Bent og Søster kom herud. Det var dejligt at se dem. ?Edlerine? og Rita kom og hilste mig. *Mandag 30. oktober. Været til Kortbølgebehandling. Preben og Vagner herude. Sovet helt godt i Nat. *Lørdag 4. november. Faaet Mudderbad. Klart og godt Vejr. Blæst. Preben kom herop. Brev fra Bodil. Skrive Estrid. *Mandag 6. november. Fru Daugaard og Søster herude. Terkelsen og Marie Olsen. Fru Nederland. Fru gartner Hansen med Blomster. Kager. *Tirsdag 14. november. Fint Vejr. Ingen Besøg i Dag. Trist. Faaet Pakninger og begyndt at faa Massage. Brev fra Agnes. *Lørdag 18. november. Svend. regn og Rusk. Faaet Massage og pakning. Haft Uro i Nat. Skrevet Estrid. Preben kom herud og Fru Daugaard med Æbler. Uro i Dag og kan ikke taale at sidde op. *Onsdag 6. december. Blevet 3 paa Stuen igen, trist. Fint Vejr. Ingen Besøg, trist Dag. Strengt vi ingen Luft kan faa. Hovedpine. *Torsdag 7. december. Trist at jeg ikke ?lov? at komme hjem endnu. Meget ked af det. Bent herude. Regnbyger. Oppe at sidde i en Stol. *Mandag 11. december. Hjem med 12 Toget. Meget Koldt, men rart at komme hjem. Her var ordentlig over det hele. *Tirsdag 12. december. Permanentkrølles Kl. 12 1/4. Meget ømbenet og maatte gaa med Stok. Mildt og stille. Bent til Gymnastik. Peder til Møde. *Fredag 15. december. Helge. Alfred Niels Sølvbryllup. Frost og Blæst saa jeg turde ikke tage med til Sølvbryllup. Det var ærgerligt. Børnene var glade. *Lørdag 16. december. Til Vebers til Pølsegilde. Jeg kom heller ikke med paa grund af Vejret. Frost. Børnene i Bad. Bagt Klejner. ::Preben 107 pund maaler 168
::Bent 82 pund - 148
::Søster 42 pund - 121
::Jeg 140 pund - 167
*Lørdag 23. december. Lørdagsrent. Alle i Bad. Bage Kringle og Dessert. Pynte Juletræ. Peder rent Loftet og pudse Vinduer udvendigt. . Koge Rødkål, rent Kælder. Hentet And og Flæskesteg. Stille, mildt. *Søndag 24. december. Lave Dessert. Alle i Kirke. Andesteg, Ris-a-la-mande. God Aften med Gaver. Godt Vejr. *Mandag 25. december. Hjemme hele Dagen. Reparere Søsters Kjole. Vagner og Jens spillet matador med Drengene. Søster lidt forkølet og kastet op. *Tirsdag 26. december. Juletræ Kl. 6. Sætte Tøj i Blød. Kirke Kl. 2. Søster syg og saa kommer hende og jeg ikke til Juletræ. *Torsdag 28. december. Storvask. Til Aktionærernes Juletræ Kl. 6. Godt Vejr. Peder vasket og hængt det hele paa Loftet. Helt god Aften *Fredag 29. december. Ugerent Stuer. Koge Rødbeder. Bent og far rejst til Farfars Kl. 5 Morgen. Meget fint stille Frostvejr og Fuldmaane. *Søndag 31. december. Grethe. Over til fru Daugaard at drikke Kaffe. I Kirke Kl. 12. Peder og Bent komme hjem. Hille ringet. Koldt og Blæst. ::Notat bagerst i lommebogen: ::Frygtelige Krigspriser de forlangte 65,85 Kr. for et sæt Undertøj til Preben og Bent. Jeg var ved at falde bagom; men tog så kun de 2 Undertrøjer og maatte betale 39,85 for kun en Trøje. Det er jo forfærdelige Priser og Strømper kan vi overhovedet ikke opdrive. ==1945== *Mandag 1. januar. Børnene paa isen hele Dagen. Til Juletræ Kl. 6, i Kirke Kl. 2. Gik helt godt om Aftenen; mange Mennesker. *Torsdag 4. januar. Slagte Grisen Kl. 3 1/2. Rent over hele Huset. Reparere og stoppe Strømper. Børnene i Bad. Frost til Aften. Dejligt for Grisen. Aftenskole. *Fredag 5. januar. Slagte. Hille ringet Alfred. Elisabeth hjulpet mig, meget streng Dag; men naaede meget. Færdig godt 9. Ikke sovet meget i Nat. *Søndag 7. januar. Pølsegilde. Elisabeth hjulpet mig. R. Madsens, Præstens, Triers, Vebers, Nederlands, ''ulæseligt'' Andersens. Alt gik godt. Vi spillede Kort. Fru Veber spillede for første gang i sit Liv, og vandt. *Tirsdag 9. januar. P. A. 70 Aar. Sendte Kurv ?derop?. Klart og Frost. Børnene ude paa Ski og Slæde. Ikke sovet godt i Nat. *Lørdag 13. januar. Lørdagsrent. Alle i bad. Stege Lever og Bøf. Klart og Frost. Søster til Gymnastik. Drengene paa Isen. Preben sidste Time fri og hjem med Slæberen. *Torsdag 18. januar. Far 46 Aar. Bage Kringle og Boller. Aftenskolen kaffe. Visitkort Fru Daugaard. Slips Søster og Jeg. Strømper Preben og Bent. Snevejr og meget Tø. Brev fra Estrid, Hille, Agnes. *Lørdag 20. januar. Lørdagsrent. Alle i Bad. Frost igen; men slem Storm saa det er koldt. Koge Æblegrød. Søster til Gymnastik. Prebens Skolekammerat Ole kom med hjem og spiste til Middag og spillede Matador. Rejste med 9 Toget igen. *Mandag 22. januar. Prebens Madras til tørring. Dyner ?dampet?. Stoppe Strømper. Ned at hilse paa Fru Daugaard. Aftenkaffe. Vejmand Kaffe. *Lørdag 27. januar. Søster og jeg syge og de andre maa passe Huset. *Søndag 28. januar. Søster og jeg har det lidt bedre 38,3. Bent til Dilettant, Preben ude pa Ski, Far i Kirke Kl. 2. *Tirsdag 30. januar. Tante Nathalie. Fint Vejr. Sol og Streng Frost. Søster og jeg op. Over til Nederlands at drikke Kaffe. Gaa næsten hele Vejen. 1 1/2 Time hver Tur. Træt. *Onsdag 31. januar. Storvask og gøre rent over hele Huset. bage Brød. Børnene i Bad. Blæst og ?graat? og Snestorm. Aftenhøjskole. 11 til Aften. Har saa ondt i Ryggen *Fredag 2. februar. Ugerent Stuer. Sende Pølser og Flæsk til Røg. far og Bent blev ikke klippet, fordi Vejen var ikke til at færdes paa. Regn og glatte. *Lørdag 3. februar. Lørdagsrent. Koge Æblegrød. Alle i bad. Peder klippet. Bage Brød. har en del Smerter i Benet, det er meget trist. *Tirsdag 13. februar - Annas 41 års fødselsdag. Bage Kringle og Boller og Pæredessert. Strømper fra Far og Søster. Æggebægre fra Preben. ?Salt? Børste fra Bent. 5 Kr. fra Farmor. Brev fra Estrid, Ellen, Dagny, ''ulæseligt'' Nathalie, Ingrid, Hille, Morfar, Agnes. *Lørdag 17. februar. Lørdagsrent. Alle i Bad. Bage Kringle og Boller. Dessert. Søster og jeg i Bad. Drengene skal vaske sig i Morgen da de skulle til Matador hos Vagner i Aften. *Søndag 18. februar. Søster 7 Aar. Søster Bent og jeg i Kirke. Else, Gerli, Inge-Lise og Tulle til Chokolade og Aftensmad. Fik mange Gaver. Sol og Frost. *Tirsdag 27. februar. Pudse Vinduer. Koge Hvidkaalssuppe. Helt dejligt Vejr. Meget forpint og stiv i Nakken. I Seng efter Middag. *Torsdag 1. marts. Kusine Ellen. Meget koldt. Regn og Storm. Stoppet sidste Strømper. Ned at hilse paa Fru Daugaard. Peder til Kalundborg til Læge med Hæmorider. Bage Brød. *Fredag 2. marts. Ugerent Stuer. Lave Leverpostej. Streng Storm. Koldt. Farfar kom med Avisbilen. kl. 4. Jeg meget træt og tidligt i Seng 38,5. *Lørdag 3. marts. Lørdagsrent. Lave mad. Bage Boller. farfar rejst med 4 Bilen. Tidligt i Seng da farfar var rejst. Strengt at pines saa meget. Havde 39 da jeg gik i Seng. *Søndag 4. marts. Ligget i Sengen i Dag med 39. Børnene til Dilettant *Mandag 12. marts. Haft læge Friis hernede. Fru Nielsen hjalp os. Skal Røntgenfotograferes. Fint Vejr. *Onsdag 14. marts. Har det bedre. 37,3-38,3. Smerter om Eftermiddagen. Marie, Skomagerkonen. Præstens inde at hilse paa mig. Fru Nielsen lavet Mad. *Torsdag 15. marts. Elisabeth gøre lidt rent. Begynde at ordne Tøj. 37,7- 39,0, meget meget træt. Ringet til Friis; men skal ligge foreløbig, trist. Aftenskole for sidste gang. *Fredag 16. marts. Lisbeth herinde. Resten Tøj til side. 38 1/2-39,3. Meget syg i Dag. faaet Lavement til Aften. Lettede lidt. Kan slet ikke taale at være oppe. *Lørdag 17. marts. Afslutning i Aftenskolerne Kl. 7. Ugerent Stuer. Fru Nielsen gjort rent over det hele. Edlerine og Marie Olsen dække Borde og havde saadan en god Aften. Fru Børgesen spillede Klaver. Vi fik Gavekort 34,00. jeg har det lidt bedre i Dag 37,7-38,6. *Mandag 19. marts. Preben til Eksamen. ?Hente? Søsters Kjole. 37,2 til Morgen, sovet godt i Nat. Hille og Estrid ringet. Faaet Blomst fra Fru Nielsen. *Fredag 23. marts. 38,4-39,2. Meget syg og forpint. Ringet til Friis. Skal ?snart? paa Sygehuset. Trist og sørgeligt. *Lørdag 24. marts. 38,6 - 39,7 - 39,7. Meget syg i Dag. Fru Jacobsen ude at hilse paa mig. Vebrs oppe at hjælpe at give lavement. *Mandag 26. marts. Egon. Lilly hjulpet os. Fru Veber oppe at hilse paa mig. 37,6 - 38,5. Uro om Eftermiddagen. Smerter Hovedet. Preben mg til Eksamen. *Tirsdag 27. marts. 37,9-37,5. Haft Læge. Frygtelige Smerter i Nat. Marie Olsen kom med Due. Lilly hjælpe os. Præstens her. Niels og Dagny her at hilse paa os. Flot Vejr. *Onsdag 28. marts. 39,2 - 39,6. Kommet paa Sygehuset med Ambulancen.?Hekt? set lidt paa mig. *Fredag 30. marts. Preben 14. Aar. Preben og Bent herude. Fint Vejr. Peder til Vebers. 38,0 - 38,4. Meget meget træt. Blevet fotograferet. Frygteligt at tage den Medicin. *Søndag 1. april. Har det godt til Morgen. Ingen Feber. Ikke svedt saa meget. Peder og Søster herude, men kun en af gangen herind. Trist for Søster. 38 til Aften, har det stadig godt. *Tirsdag 3. april. 37,3 -38,3. Har det godt. Hille og Ellen kom cyklende, vidunderligt. Børnene til Opvisning. Far og Mostrene med. Gode Røntgen billeder, intet mistænkeligt. Gud være lovet. *Fredag 6. april. Hille og Ellen her for sidste gang. Far herude og Fru Nederland. 37,3 -37,7. Har det godt i Dag, kan rejse mig op, sket stort Fremskridt. *Lørdag 7. april. 17 Aars Forlovelsesdag. Ellen og Hille cykle Kl. 6 Morgen. Pragtfuldt Vejr. Preben herude. Preben faaet sine Penge sat paa Bankbog. *Fredag 13. april. 37,4 - 37,5. Hovedpine og Kvalme hele Dagen. 4 Tabletter. Preben - Fa r- Søster og Vebers herude. Ikke kunnet spise Mad hele dagen. *Lørdag 14. april. 37,3 - ''ulæseligt'' ikke til Aften. Bent herude. Blev syg af Hovedsmerter og Kvalme. Kastede det bare Galde op. Faaet Piller og Indsprøjtning og Ispose. Meget sløj. *Mandag 16 april. Slemme Piner lige til Besøgstid. Svedt forfærdelig. Preben herude. Strenge Dage. Sløj og mat. *Tirsdag 17. april. Gift 15 Aar. Far og Søster herud med Bog. Fru Jacobsen Kager. P. A. Husbestyrerinde. Fru Veber med Sodavand og Blomster. Else Trier. Estrid kommer ikke. Trist. *Onsdag 18. marts. 38,6 til Morgen, meget forpint i Nat. Svedt som en vanvittig hele Dagen, plaskvaad. Bent herude. Meget sløj og mat. *Tirsdag 24. april. 37,5 - 39,0. Meget forpint hele Dagen. Bent herude. Mine oppe at hilse paa mig. Have Morfinindsprøjtning, meget skidt. *Søndag 29. april. 39,1 - 38,6. Været meget syg. Søster og Bent herude. Far kom om Aftenen. Begyndt med Chemosept? Kur. 11 Piller daglig. *Torsdag 3. maj. Ruth. Fru Nordby hjem. Far herude. Har det lidt bedre 37,5 - 38,0. Englænderne begyndt at *besætte Danmark, frygteligt. Skærm os Gud. *Lørdag 5. maj. Tyskerne kapituleret Kl. 8 Morgen. Danmark frit. Stor glæde. Peder herude. Jeg har Smerter i Hovedet 37,7 - 38,8, ikke saa godt tilpas. Søster til Fødselsdag hos Nørgaards. *Mandag 7. maj. Begynde Pillekur igen. Kastet op 36,6 - 38,3. Peder herude. Fru Nielsens ?Søster? med Blomster. Fred i Norge og Europa. Gud ''ulæseligt''. *Tirsdag 10. maj. Færdig med Kuren, Gudskelov. Søster, Vebers og Tove Sørensen og hendes Forældre. Har det lidt bedre, men havde uro i Benene igen, trist. *Fredag 11. maj. Været i Bad i Dag, vidunderligt; men meget træt, fik Hovedsmerter. Bent herude og Edlerine med Roser og Kager. Ondt i Benene til Aften. *Lørdag 12. maj. 36,8 - 38,8 meget træt og utilpas, faaet Massage paa Benene, tung som Bly. Ondt i Hjertet. Preben herude og Mine med Blomster. Præstens herude. Havde det meget slemt med Tarme og Aandenød. Overlæge kigge paa Hjerte. *Søndag 13. maj. Søster og Far herude og Fru Sørensen. Frihedskæmperne spillet her. 37,0 -39,0 meget sløj og kan ikke røre mig. *Mandag 14. maj. 36,8 - 39,2 meget øm i hele Kroppen og højre Arm, ikke røre mig uden Smerter. Preben, Fru Trier, Fru8 Hansen Chokolade. Fru Flindt Blomster. Far kom om Aftenen. *Tirsdag 15. maj. 37,3 - 39,2 syg til Aften. Sendt Blodprøve til Kbh. Skulde fotograferes, frygteligt ?for? Overlægen glemte det. Far og Søster herude og Fru Nordby. *Onsdag 16. maj. 36,8 - 38,5. Blevet Fotograferet. Har det lidt bedre. Præsten og Fru ?Post? med Blomster. Brev fra Morfar. *Torsdag 17. maj. 37,3 -37,7. Hovedpine. Ligget med Isklude, mange Smerter i Benene, faaet Piller. Bent herude. Brev fra Agnes. *Fredag 18. maj. 37,7 -39,0. Meget træt i Dag, ikke sovet meget i Nat. Mareridt. Far herude og Søster og Fru Veber. Morfinindspøjtninger i Aften. *Lørdag 19. maj. 38,5 -39,5, Bent herude, meget sløj i Dag, kastet op. frk. Graabye spørger hvad jeg ønsker at spise, om jeg vil have en Pilsner til Aftensmaden. *Tirsdag 22. maj. 36,8 -38,6. Har haft saa strenge Smerter. Svedt i nat helt utroligt. Preben og Søster og Lærer Clausens herude. Blomster Fru Clausen. *Torsdag 24. maj. 37,3 -37,7. Morfar og Søster herude, i dag har jeg haft det godt. Gud give at det nu maa vare ved. Overlægen glad. *Fredag 25. maj. Har haft det saa godt lige til Aften, jeg fik 7 Pille og Medicin. Agnes kom i Dag uden jeg vidste det og Morfar, det er vel nok dejligt. *Lørdag 26. maj. Skidt tilpas og sveder. Agnes, Morfar og Børnene herude, jeg fik 6 Jordbær til 3 Kr. og 2 smaa Tomater til 2,10 Kr. saa det var dyr Mad. Jens Jensens Kone herude med Tulipaner. *Mandag 28. maj. 37,4 - 38,2. Agnes og Morfar herude med Jordbær og ?Aal?. Dagny og Niels herude med Rose og Liliekonvaller og meget fin Æske Chokolade. *Torsdag 31. maj. Skrive Hille og Agnes. 36,8 - 37,5. Har faaet at vide at det bestemt er Gigtfeber. har ellers haft det godt i Dag. Bent herude, har faaet Blomster fra Karen Slagter. Fru Larsen flyttet og faaet Skarlagenspatient herind. Skal ligge mindst 4 uger endnu sagde Reservelægen. Trist nu det er Sommer. *Tirsdag 5. juni. 37,2 - 38,1. Begyndt Chemosepthkur, trist. Kastet meget op. far og Søster herude. Lærer Nielsens, Melby og Fru Veber. Far herude om Aftenen ogsaa. *Onsdag 6. juni. 36,7 - 38,6. Bent og Preben herude. Fru Offersen og Fru Nederland. har det lidt bedre, men kaster meget op, trist. *Søndag 10. juni. Dagny. 36,8 - 37,7. Smerter og Piller hele Dagen. Estrid og Ellen, Søster og Far herude. Smerter i Hovedet. Frk. Stenberg kom og hilste paa mig. *Tirsdag 12. juni. 36,6 - 39,5. Regnbyger. Far og Søster herude, blev vaade. Lærer Olsen herude. har frygtelige Smerter, kan slet ikke røre mig. Svedt forfærdeligt, skifte 4 gange. *Fredag 15. juni. Været i Bad, meget strengt, slet ingen Kræfter, 37,3 - 38,8. Regn daarligt Humør. far herude, det er saa trist jeg bliver ved med Feber. *Lørdag 16. juni Svedt forfærdeligt i Nat, Dynen plaskvaad begge sider 37,3 - 38,4. Preben herude, haft det temmelig godt i Dag i Forhold til det jeg plejer. *Mandag 18. juni. Købe Politiken. 37,2 -38,1. Har det helt godt i Dag. Preben været herude. *Lørdag 23. juni. 37,2 -37,7. Har det godt. Preben og Fru Madsen herude. Jeg faar nu god mad hver dag med Grøntsager, og spiser helt godt. *Søndag 24. juni. Bodil. 37,2 -37,6. Meget varmt. Søster og Bent herude og Far herude om aftenen. Faaet Byld ?paa? Knuden paa Brystet. *Fredag 29. juni. 37,2 -38,4. Bylden ved at trække til. Far herude og P. A. og Herdis. Fint i Aften skal Hille saa komme. Har det lidt bedre. *Lørdag 30. juni. Skrive Ellen. Byger. 37,0 -38,1. Faaet skaaret Hul paa Bylden, slemt og der var meget i den. Hille herude i dag. Johan og Børnene med herover. *Søndag 1. juli. 36,8 -37,9. Været paa Altanen. Far, Hille og Johan herude, opdaget 3 nye Knuder. Lidt ked af det. *Mandag 9. juli. 37,2 -38,3. Meget stærke Smerter i Ben, sovet frygteligt. Bent herude. meget syg til Aften, fik Morfin, slet ikke sovet i Nat. *Torsdag 12. juli. 38,3 - 39,3. Frygtelige Smerter, sovet meget i Formiddag. Fru Trier her. Bent herude, skrevet til Hille for mig. Svedt frygtelig i Nat og Dag. Hul 2 Bylder. *Lørdag 14. juli. Har faaet ?Katederurin? det var ikke rart. 37,0 - 37,9. Sovet hele Formiddagen og Eftermiddagen. Peder herude. Kastet op til Aften, ingen Aftensmad. Meget varmt. Flere Bylder klemt ud, det gjorde frygteligt ondt. *Søndag 15. juli. 36,8 - 37,6. Sovet hele Formiddagen. Færdig med Chemosept til Middag. har det helt godt. Søster og far herude. Frk. Christiansen inde og sige farvel. *Mandag 16. juli. 37,3 - 38,0. Har det helt godt. Bent herude. Fru Nederland og Præstens. Præsten bad en Bøn om snarlig helbredelse. *Tirsdag 17. juli. 36,8 - 37,6. Lidt Smerter i Ben. Preben herude. fru Nederland med Jordbær. hr. og Fru Veber med Roser. *Søndag 22. juli. 36,8 - 38,2. Bent og Preben herude. Kusine Johanne kom cyklende i stiv Modvind og Regn, 80 Km frem og tilbage for at hilse paa mig. *Tirsdag 24. juli. Morfar. Bent og Preben rejse til Fyn alene. Præsten og far herude. 36,8 - 37,5. Kvalme og Hovedpine hele dagen. Fint Vejr. *Lørdag 28. juli. 37,3 -38,0. Peder herude, skulle ellers have været til Møde i København til mandag Aften, men saa blev Søster syg med 39,6. det var jo en stor Skuffelse, for Far kunne jo nok have trængt til en lille Ferie. *Mandag 30. juli. 37,5 - 37,9. kastet op og fik Morfin til Middag. Far herude og Vebers. Søster kommet op. . Skal have Morfin Kl. 10 i Aften. *Onsdag 1. august. 37,0. ''ulæseligt'' ikke til Aften da jeg havde slemt Næseblod. Søster og far herude og Vebers. Brev fra Preben. har ellers haft det lidt bedre i dag, men ikle sovet meget i Nat. *Torsdag 2. august. 38,1. Godt vejr. Været paa Altanen fra 9 1/2 - 4. Strengt. far og Søster og Veber herude. Ikke nogen Appetit. Morfin. *Fredag 3. august. 38,1 -39,8. Kastet en del op, meget syg. Far, Søster, Fru Nielsen og ?Edlerine?. faaet Blomster. Faaet Morfin efter Besøgstid. *Lørdag 4. august. Faaet Morfin og sovet meget uroligt om Natten. Far og Søster herude. Faaet Melon. Faaet kedeligt Selskab herind. ::''De sidste sider af Anna Marie Madsens lommebogsnotater, før hun døde i august 1945'' {{Image|file=ANADOKUMENT-31.jpg |size=l }} {{Image|file=ANADOKUMENT-41.jpg |size=l }} *Søndag 5. august. Ikke set Temperatur. 38,1. Faaet Morfin til Morgen, haft det nogenlunde. Tabletter for Hovedet i Eftermiddag. Søster og far herude. Fru Børgesen med Blomster. *Mandag 6. august. Sat paa Altanen. Stærk Sol, ondt i Hovedet. Signe, dagny og Børn kom med Frugt. Peder og Lærer Olsen med Blomster som jeg forærede Frk. Graabye. *Tirsdag 7. august. 37,3 - 37,8. Fik Anfald til Middag og fik Morfin. Far og Søster herude og Præsten kom efter Besøgstid og holdt lille Andagt. Ikke paa Altanen i Dag. *Onsdag 8. august. 37,0 - 37,9. Havde det nogenlunde, men lidt strengt ved at faa Luft. Far og Søster herude. Fru Nielsen Aarby med Roser. Fru Larsen med Æbler og Pærer om Aftenen. *Torsdag 9. august. 37,0 - 37,4. Far Herude. Har haft det strengt i Nat, ikke sovet mere end 2 Timer. Faaet Tabletter til Morgen. Morfin i Aften. I Dag rejser Drengene hjem fra Fyn. *Fredag 10. august. Bent og Preben ude at se til mig. Havde det ikke saa godt. Far var her ''ulæseligt''. *Lørdag 11. august. Søster faaet Feber igen. Far og Bent herude. Preben ''ulæseligt''. 37,5 - 38,7. ?Skidt? i Hjertet og kan næsten ikke ''ulæseligt'' faa Luft. *Søndag 12. august. 37,5 - 38,7. Ondt Bryste faaet Draaber. Far herude. Fru Nederland. Bent rejst paa Ferie i Dag. Sovet daarligt. *Mandag 13., august. 37,5 -38,8. ::'''Her slutter Annas notater. Peder fører herefter lommebogen videre indtil den 25. august.''' *Mandag 13. august. (Jeg fører den færdig til hendes Begravelse). Anna begyndt at blive daarligere. Jeg talt med Overlægen om ??Søndagen hun spurgt hvem jeg talte med ''ulæseligt'' han sagde??. *Tirsdag 14. august. Anna daarlig. *Onsdag 15. august. Annas Tilstand daarlig. *Torsdag 16. august. Annas Tilstand daarlig. Anna lidt Bevidtsløs. *Fredag 17. august. Estrid og Morfar kommet (Ligner Annas skrift). Anna talt i Vildelse, bevidstløs, ??dog kender?? Estrid og Aage om Aftenen Kl. 10 1/2 ''ulæseligt''. *Lørdag 18. august. ''ulæseligt'' Anna om Natten. Spurgte ''ulæseligt'' jeg havde sendt Bud efter Familie. Anna klar. Taler om Johansens Husbestyrerinde. I ''ulæseligt'' Tilfælde Fru Vebers Søster. Sagde: Om vi skulde ''ulæseligt'' ”sammen”. God nat. Klar Lørdag. ''ulæseligt'' Agnes, kalder hende Mor. *Søndag 19. august. Aftentemperatur 40. ?Startet? tilbage. Sender Bud efter mig over Middag. ''ulæseligt'' kørt mig herud i Bil. Præsten taget os til ?Alters?. Siddet (jeg) ved Anna om natten. ''ulæseligt'' til med Vand, kortaandet. *Mandag 20. august. Anna blev vasket ved 5 Tiden og taget Temperatur 39,6. Ligger paa Ryggen med begge Arme under Dynen. Agnes og Ellen ude Kl. 5. Anna trækker Vejret langsomt. *Tirsdag 21. august. Død 20. August Kl. 5,45 Morgen. Tung Sorg for os alle, men godt hun fik Fred efter de mange Lidelser. ''ulæseligt'' paa halv Stang. Fynboerne kommer, ligger i Præstegaarden. *Torsdag 23. august. Anna begraves Kl. 14. Mine ?Forældre? og Søskende kommet. ''ulæseligt''. kaffe i F. Huset. Slægte og Venner til Middag. *Fredag 24. august. Jeg har ikke kunnet tyde notaterne for denne dag, men der står blandt andet noget om Skolekommissionen og forældreforeningens bestyrelse *Lørdag 25. august. Fynboerne rejst Fredag Morgen. Jeg med Agnes til Færgen. Trist herhjemme. Ordnet Annas Tøj.
Annals of Beara
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Annals of Beara Volume I : Adrigole and Allihies Parishes
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Annals of Beara Volume II : Bere Island and Eyeries parishes
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Annals of Beara Volume III : Castletownbere and Glengarriff parishes
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Annals of some Lambs, a border family
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Annandale Past and Present 1839-1900
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Parish: Kilmaurs; ED: 5; Page: 9; Line: 390; Year: 1841
{{Ancestry Record|1004|2517459}} (accessed 20 January 2022)
Thomas Orr (65), Farmer, in Ama Andale, Kilmaurs, Ayrshire. Born in Ayrshire, Scotland. === 1851 census === {| border="1" cellpadding="4" |- bgcolor=#E1F0B4 | Name || Age |- | [[Orr-4974|Thomas Orr]] || 79 |- | [[Longmuir-130|Hannah Orr]] || 67 |- | [[Orr-7924|Mary Orr]] || 45 |- | [[Orr-7920|William Orr]] || 38 |- | [[Orr-7925|Julia Wilson]] || 30 |- | Thomas Wilson || 2 |- | Alexander Wilson || 11 Mo |- | Christina McKinon || 24 |- | Elizabeth Longmuir || 17 |- | Alexander Glen || 19 |- | James Donelly || 14 |} * '''1851 Census''': "1851 Scotland Census"
Parish: Kilmaurs; ED: 6; Page: 14; Line: 1; Roll: CSSCT1851_134; Year: 1851
{{Ancestry Record|1851Scotland|3191055}} (accessed 20 January 2022)
Thomas Orr (79), Farmer Of 210 Ac Employing 6 Labourer (portioner In Hilmann), head of household in Annandale, Kilmaurs, Ayrshire.
Annandale Stubbs Siblings 1915-1931
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Annandale_Stubbs_Siblings_1915-1931-4.jpg
Annandale_Stubbs_Siblings_1915-1931-2.jpg
Annandale_Stubbs_Siblings_1915-1931-3.jpg
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Annapolis Valley Mi'kmaq petition
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Anne (Duff) Biggar (1784-1876) research page
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Anne_Duff_Biggar_1784-1876_research_page-1.jpg
Anne (McCallum) Jones
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The glory box remained with Nana until she passed away in 1968. Molly, Anne’s mother, wrote to Anne in Port Pirie to let her know she was mentioned in Nana’s will, the glory box was at Scarborough and the contents had been depleted by rotting with ageItems in the collection of Bruce McCallum===Memories=== This memory from Anne’s God-daughter, shared on Anne’s passing. :Anne held a special place in the heart of her God-daughter, as well as sharing a birthday with her daughter. Some 35-40 years earlier Anne gifted her God-daughter beautiful, German-style wooden ornaments when she was a child which are hung on prominent places on the Christmas tree each year. Two special ways to remember Anne. Her elder brother in the week of her passing recalled: *sleeping with Anne in the north wing of the Space:Address_-_Lamington_Street%2C_Toowomba Lamington Street Toowoomba house *Anne with a significant role in handling the frequently arriving babies *Anne being a prize primary school student and likely forming a bond with the Good Samaritan Sisters, conceivably leading to her choosing a Religious life *Visiting Anne during her time with the Good Samaritan Sisters in Sydney, and her connection to a dominating music impresario *Her travels, including to the Solomon Islands *Her generosity in providing “holiday” accommodation for him when visiting from Papua New Guinea ===Memorabilia=== Pride of place amongst Anne’s possessions was a collection of ballet, theatre and music performance programs from the many that she attended, both amateur and professional, along with photographs of family and her nearest and dearest friends. She kept two Charters Towers State High School badges, one commemorating the school centenary in 1962, and possibly coming from her father.. She was custodian of family photo albums after her parents passed away. One book that remains with family is the prize she received for “Honors 3rd Grade Piano and Theory”: Scholes, Percy A., The Complete Book of the Great Musicians, Tenth Edition, Oxford University Press. Her love of music carried through to her teaching career as well providing her with endless enjoyment. She retained five letters from her parents, one from 1965 and four from the last months of 1968, as well as one from her brother in 1968 as she contemplated her future and her commitment to the Good Samaritan Sisters. She kept her Bachelor of Educational Studies testamur, awarded 9 April 1981 as well as a Curriculum Vitae from 1988 (likely associated with her application to work at Clairvaux-Mackillop College). Anne kept copies of her electoral roll registration notifications placing her in: Glebe (1965), Dee Why (1966), Port Pirie (1967), Charters Towers, Wilston and Redcliffe (1969), Toowong (1971). Thereafter she resided in Taringa, St. Lucia and Coorparoo.
Anne Arundel County Land Records-Campbell
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'''Records'''
'''1734-1792''' |-bgcolor="#cccccc" |Liber||No||Folio||Grantor||Grantee||Date of Record||Comments| |- |RD||2||124||John Campbell and Hellen his wife||William Cumming||1734||149 acres of "Campbell's Purchase" on N. side of Sevorn River |- |RD||2||202||John Campbell and Hellen his wife||John Brigdale||1734||50 acres of "Leavey Heck" |- |RD||2||464||Hellen Campbell (Widow)||Grandchildren||1737||Grandchildren: Helen Fowler, Margaret Mortimore, Thomas Mortimore, John Fowler, Jubb Fowler, William Lewis, John Brigdall, Hellen Lewis, and James Jackson. She's leaving all the remaining tract of "Campbell's Purchase" |- |RD||3||125||John Campbell||||1738||His mark recorded on cattle, sheep, and hogs |- |RB||1||40||Hellen Fowler||John Brice||1740||50 acres of "Campbell's Purchase" |- |RB||2||416||Lawrence Robinson||John Campbell||1747||His right of ownership of "Partnership" in Prince George County |- |RB||3||390||Benjamin Hammond||John Campbell||1751||200 acres on N. side of Sevorn River |- |BB||2||13||John Campbell||Phillip Hammond||1757||228 acres of "Dunkard" |- |BB||2||31||John Campbell and Francis his wife||William Worthington||1757||200 acres of "Blay's Neck" on N. side of Sevorn River |- |BB||3||37||Charles Stevens||John Campbell||1763||100 acres of "Grime's Addition" |- |BB||3||214||John Campbell and Francis his wife||William Worthington||1764||200 acres of "Homewood Chances" on Sevorn River |- |BB||3||264||Anne Chapman||John Campbell||1764||Lot in the city of Annapolis |- |BB||3||289||John Campbell||Charles Stevens||1764||Mortgage for land |- |BB||3||600||Margaret Cummings||John Campbell||1767||Lot in Annapolis consisting of 2 acres |- |BB||3||661||John Campbell||James Ruth||1767||Lot in Annapolis consisting of 2 acres |- |IB||3||434||John Campbell||John Ashton||1772||2 tracts of land; 200 acres of "Campbell's Purchase" and 213 acres of "Streeth? Brian" |- |IB||3||449||John Campbell Sr.||John Campbell Jr. (his god-son, living in Frederick Co.)||1772||130 acres of "John's Good Luck" in Frederick County |- |IB||5||265-269||John Campbell||||1775||Discharging the following "slaves": Margaret Powell, Bathsheba Powell, Elizabeth Powell and her 3 children (Henrietta, James, and Mordecai), John Catto, Isaac Bellows, Samuel Bolton, and Peter Powell |- |IB||5||733||Francis Campbell||John Chalmers||1778||Lot in New Town of Annapolis |- |NH||5||146||Thomas Dorsey||William Campbell||1790||Tracts of land: "Troys Addition to Troy", "Grecian Siege", "Oil of Ely", and "Caleb's Purchase" containing 1100 acres |- |NH||6||281||William Campbell||Elizabeth Dorsey||1792||All of above mentioned tracts containing 1100 |- |NH||6||437||James Stewart||William Campbell||1792||Lot. No 74 in city of Annapolis |- {| border="3" cellpadding="4" |+'''Patented Certificates'''
'''S1189 [https://plats.msa.maryland.gov/pages/index.aspx Plats.net]'''
'''1704-1971''' |-bgcolor="#cccccc" |Grantee||Date of Grant||Name of Parcel||Acreage||Certificate No. |- |John Campbell||Oct 3, 1739||Dunkel||228 acres||#434 |- |John Campbell||Nov 11, 1754||South Bran||411 acres||#1521
Anne Arundel County Probate-Campbell
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'''Campbell Records'''
'''1777 -1813''' |-bgcolor="#cccccc" |Book||No||Page||Testator||Executor||Date_of_Probate||Comments||Record |- |EV||1||40||John Campbell||Francis Campbell (his wife)||Oct 14, 1774||Wife: Francis; Sons: Robert E. Campbell, Daniel Campbell, and John Campbell; Daughter: Flora Fowler. Page is blackened so possible loss of information||[https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/3:1:33SQ-GT5G-C1V?i=23&cc=1803986&cat=387273 Doc Image] |- |EV||1||87||John Campbell||James Frazier (cousin)||Nov 20, 1775||Cousin: James Frazier. He leaves to his "negroes" all 200 acres of "Campbell's Chance" and for them to be freed||[https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/3:1:33SQ-GT5G-D83?i=46&cc=1803986&cat=387273 Doc Image] |- |JG||2||601||Francis Campbell||Daughter: Francis||Jan 15, 1810||||[https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/3:1:33S7-9TR7-FB9?i=303&cc=1803986&cat=387273 Doc Image] |-
Anne Briggs
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Anne B's Pedigrees
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Anne Caradonna, Oakland visit 2018
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Anne Higham Transcribed will: 1617
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From East Sussex Record Office, PBT 1/1/16/106BAnne Higham of Westfield, widow of Thomas Higham; registered will with grant of probate; Probate records 1518-1858; PBT 1/1/16/106B; [http://www.thekeep.info/collections/getrecord/GB179_PBT_1_1_16_106B] Accessed 14 Jan 2019.
Transcribed by [[Roberts-9671|Dave Roberts]] In the name of God Amen I [[Unknown-459023|Anne Higham]] the late wife of [[Higham-300|Thomas Higham]] of Westfield deceased being sick of body but of good remembrance thanks be to God do make and ordain this my last will and testament in manner and form following first I bequeath my soul into the hands of Almighty God hoping and steadfastly believing through the mercy death and passion of his only beloved Son our Saviour Jesus Christ to have full pardon and remission of all my sins and my body I commit to the earth to be buried in Christian burial and as concerning the disposing of my wordly affairs I give and bequeath it in manner and form following first that whereas my said late husband [[Higham-300|Thomas Higham]] did by his last will give unto John Higham and William Higham our sons five and twenty pounds apiece now I further will and give unto my said sons and make their said portions forty pounds apiece of lawful money to be paid unto them as they shall attain unto their several ages of one and twenty years and whereas my said husband did likewise by his last will give unto Alice Mary and Elizabeth Higham our daughters fifteen pounds apiece now I further will and give unto my said daughters and make their said portions thirty pounds apiece of lawfull money to be paid unto them when they shall come unto their full ages of one and twenty years and if either of my said sons die before they shall attain to their said age of one and twenty years then my mind is that the portion by me given to him so dying shall remain to the survivor wholy and if it likewise fortune any of my said daughters to die before they shall come unto their said ages of one and twenty years then my mind is that the portion by me given to any of my said daughters so dying shall remain to the survivor or survivors of my said three daughters wholy to be equally divided and that until such time as my said sons and daughters shall attain to their said ages my mind is that my eldest son Thomas Higham whom I make sole executor of this my will shall bring them up with the benefit of their portions otherwise to pay the sum to my overseers hereafter named whom I trust to bring them up with the benefit increase and benefit thereof and to give security to pay the said portions as they shall come to their ages as aforesaid Item I give unto [[Higham-299|Anne Catt]] my daughter wife of [[Catt-83|Nicholas Catt]] ten pounds of lawfull money to be paid unto her within three months next after my death and to remain to the children to be born on her body and she and her husband to have only the use and profit thereof also I give unto my said daughter my side saddle and a canvas lick and bolster two pairs of sheets a tablecloth Item I give to my said son John Higham one ewe sheep a pick a sword a red coat and headpiece his father's best shirt two pairs of good sheets in the great chest a great iron pot a dripping pan a boarded bedhead in the loft behind the chimney a chaff bed and bolster two blankets a pillow and a sheet covering Item I give to my said son William Higham one ewe sheep a brass bottle a cauldron an iron crest two pairs of sheets and one chest Item I give to the said Alice my daughter a pillion a joined bedhead a chaff bed a feather bed two feather bolsters two pillows three blankets an under red petticoat three rugs a basket two sheet cases two followers and my best corset Item I give and bequeath unto the said Elizabeth my daughter three rugs a kettle iron pot a great joined chest a chaffing dish a pewter basin Item I give and bequeath unto Mary Higham my said daughter three rugs my cupboard in the hall a coverset my best white apron a truckle bed a chaff bed a flock bolster two blankets a covering and a pillow Item I further give and bequeath to all my said daughters all my woolen and linen yarns which run and all my wearing apparel which not in this my will bequeathed to be equally divided betwixt them by my overseer Item I give unto my daughters Alice Mary and Elizabeth my chest of linen in the chamber where I lie to be equally divided betwixt them by my overseer and all my pewter I give unto all my children as well sons and daughters to be equally divided betwixt them Item I give to Stephen Bently and John Bently my sisters sons two ewes Item I give to my sister Elizabeth Wensbury my shortest white apron and a blue petticoat and waistcoat Item I give to Anne Lulham two old petticoats and a waistcoat also my minds will and intent is that my said son Thomas Higham my executor shall enter into a bond of two hundred and fifty pounds of lawful money to my good friends Thomas Avery and Abraham Downer of Westfield aforesaid whom I entreat to be overseers hereof to whom I give five shillings with condition for the true payment of all the legacies in this my will bequeathed to his brothers and sisters whose estate to do then my mind is that my son John shall be sole executor hereof in witness whereof to this my last will and testament I have put my hand and seal dated the fifteenth day of September in the fifteenth year of King James of England [[Unknown-459023|Anne Higham]] mark witness hereunto Peter Farnden Abraham Downer mark Nicholas Catt mark == Research Notes == Dates
date of will: 15 September 1617
grant of probate: 26 January 1617/8 People mentioned in the will: # Anne Higham, widow of Thomas Higham (Hyam) (Hiam) of Westfield # Thomas Higham, eldest son and executor of will # John Higham, son, not yet 21 # William Higham, son, not yet 21 # Anne Catt, daughter, wife of Nicholas Catt # Alice Higham, daughter, not yet 21 # Mary Higham, daughter, not yet 21 # Elizabeth Higham, daughter, not yet 21 # Stephen Bently, son of Anne's sister # John Bently, son of Anne's sister # Elizabeth Wensbury, sister # Anne Lulham unknown # Thomas Avery, overseer # Abraham Downer, overseer and witness # Peter Farnden, witness # Nicholas Catt, witness. Presumably her son in law.
Anne Johanne in Aust-Agder, Norway
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Anne Johanne, daughter of Jens Kristoffersen and Elen Karie Samuelsdatter Thorbjørnboe, was born 9 Mar 1854 and baptized on 2 Apr 1854 at Tromøy Sogn, M.K., Aust-Agder, Norway. (s. 107, entry 24). ** 1891 Census: "Folketelling 1891 for 0903 Arendal kjøpstad", database with images, digitalarkivet.no ([https://www.digitalarkivet.no/census/person/pf01052858000423 Record Transcription] : accessed 6 Nov 2022)
Anne Johanne Jensen (1855, Torbjørnbo pr Arendal nedenes tgd), lodger belonging to family in household of Ole Andreas Torresen (1835) and Marthe Johanne (Mekalsen) Torresen (1849) * Anne Johannes Nilsdatter Imenæs (1854) ** 7 Jan 1855: "Klokkerbok for Hommedal prestegjeld, Landvik sokn 1850-1869 (0924Q)", database with images, digitalarkivet.no ([https://www.digitalarkivet.no/view/255/pd00000031372462 Record Transcription] : accessed 6 Nov 2022)
Anne Johanne, daughter of Niels Gundersen and Berthe Aanonsdtr Imenæs, born 9 Dec 1854 and baptized on 7 Jan 1855 in Landvik Sokn, Hommedal Prgj., Landvik, Aust-Agder, Norway. ** married to Gunder Olsen (1844), child Aanon (Feb 1887) - https://www.digitalarkivet.no/view/255/pd00000022501456 ** married to Gunder Olsen (1844), child Berta (July 1885) - https://www.digitalarkivet.no/view/255/pd00000022501149 ** married to Gunnar Olsen (1844), child Anders (July 1892) - https://www.digitalarkivet.no/view/255/pd00000023513374 ** 1900 Census: married to Gunnar Olsen; children Berta Olsen (1890) and Gudrun Johann (1897) - https://www.digitalarkivet.no/census/person/pf01073874001196 * '''Anne Johanne Thomasdatter''' - 1 Jan 1855: "Ministerialbok for Tromøy prestegjeld 1855-1863 (0978Q)", database with images, digitalarkivet.no ([https://www.digitalarkivet.no/view/255/pd00000020465914 Record Transcription] & [https://www.digitalarkivet.no/kb20060124020361 Image] : accessed 6 Nov 2022)
Anne Johanne, daughter of Fømmermand (Fishermann) Thomas Arntsen and Maren Tollefsdatter Saltero, was born 10 Dec 1854 and baptized on 1 Jan 1855 at Tromøy Sogn, T.K., Aust-Agder, Norway. (s. 77, entry 2). * '''Anne Johanne Halvorsdatter''' - 14 Oct 1855: "Ministerialbok for Tromøy prestegjeld 1855-1863 (0978Q)", database with images, digitalarkivet.no ([https://www.digitalarkivet.no/view/255/pd00000020466046 Record Transcription] & [https://www.digitalarkivet.no/kb20060124020365 Image] : accessed 6 Nov 2022)
Anne Johanne, daughter of Halvor Olsen and Anne Gundersdatter Hesthag, born 27 Aug 1855 was baptized on 14 Oct 1855 at at Tromøy Sogn, M.K., Aust-Agder, Norway. (s. 81, entry 46).
Anne Souchay
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Anne Young Progress on known ancestors
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AnneB's Wishlist
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:'''The sum of our positive knowledge''' "Thomas HIlls a man servant. he came in the yeare. 1633. he lived among us in good esteeme & Godly, & dyed about the 11t or 12t month. 1634 and left a good savor behind him, he was a very faithfull & prudent servant, & a good christian; he dyed in mr Eliots family." Boston Record Commissioners. ''[[Space:Boston Records Commissioners Reports|Boston Records Commissioners Reports]]'' (Rockwell & Churchill, Boston, 1875) Vol. 6. Roxbury Land and Church Records [https://archive.org/details/recordsrelatingt06bost/page/78/mode/2up p. 79 :'''Possibilities''' Savage suggested that Thomas Hills and William Hills, both in Roxbury, Massachusetts in the 1630s may have been brothers.Savage, James. ''A Genealogical Dictionary of the First Settlers of New England Showing Three Generations of Those Who Came Before May, 1692. Vol. I-IV.'' (Boston, MA, USA: 1860-1862). One possibility is that they were children of Thomas and Jane (Scarborrow) Hills of Upminster, Essex, England. Their son Thomas was baptized 1 Jun 1606. William was baptized in 1608.Hills, William Sanford (compiler). ''The Hills Family in America ... .'' (New York: Grafton Press, 1906) [https://archive.org/details/hillsfamilyiname00hill/page/658/mode/2up?ref=ol&view=theater p. 659]Jacobus, Donald Lines and Edgar Francis Waterman. [http://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=wu.89066151523;view=1up;seq=9 Hale, House and Related Families Mainly of the Connecticut River Valley.] (Baltimore: Genealogical Publishing Co., Inc., 1978.) [https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=wu.89066151523&view=1up&seq=601&skin=2021 p. 579][https://www.familysearch.org/photos/artifacts/102319290 image of original register. Thank you to Perry Streeter. '''Sources''' *Anderson, Robert Charles. The Great Migration Begins: Immigrants to New England (New England Historic Genealogical Society, Boston, 1995), Vol 1-3. [https://www.americanancestors.org/DB393/i/12107/941/235183848 page 941 Link at AmericanAncestors ($)]
Anneke Jans
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:Tradition says Anneke Webber was a direct descendant of William the Silent, Prince of Orange. William of Orange had two children by a secret marriage whom he christened Sarah Webber and Wolfert Webber. Wolfert married Tryntje (Catherine) Jonas, and they had three children, Wolfert, Anneke and Marritje. The fairy story tells us of the Royal Grandfather's great displeasure when Anneke married an agriculturist named Roeloff Jansen, a respectable man but not of Royalty. To William the Silent's displeasure is attributed Anneke's migration to America and the royal fortune left in trust to future generations.
:Ruth Putnam, in the ''Half Moon Series,'' says, "Anneke Janse came of a respectable, but common family in Masterland Holland (probably Maasland) near Rotterdam," and adds, "there is no foundation to the rumor she descended from Royalty."
:'''Whatever her birth, romance followed her to this country'''. After the death of Roeloff Jansen, Dominie Bogardus, one of the foremost citizens of New Amsterdam, "was so charmed by the Widow Jansen, he was willing to assume the care of her five children." They lived on Winckel Street, in one of the best houses in the village, had a garden bordered with box, the gayest flower beds in New Amsterdam, and a knocker on their door from Holland.
:Anneke Webber was born in Holland (some say in the Kings Palace ) in 1604. She married Roeloff Jansen, and in 1630 came with him and her Mother and Sister Marritje on the bark "Pear Tree" to America. They went first to Beverwyck (now Albany) where Roeloff Jansen was employed as bouwmeester (chief farm superintendent ) by Patroon Van Renssaelear. In 1633 the family moved to Manhattan Island where in 1636 a tract of land was obtained from Wouter Van Twiller, Director General of the Dutch West India Company. This land consisted of 62 acres west of Broadway, lying along the Hudson River, from the Battery past Park Row; land said to be the most valuable in the whole world today. Soon after receiving the land grant, Roeloflf Jansen died, and as her home was a mile from the fort and without protection from the Indians, the widow with her children moved into the village of New Amsterdam. Anneke took the feminine form of her husbands name: "Janse." :The grant of land obtained from Governor Van Twiller was reconfirmed after the death of Roeloff Jansen, by Governor Stuyvesant. After the capture of the province by the English, the grant was confirmed to the heirs, who in 1671 sold the land to Governor Lovelace, who turned it over to the British Crown. During Queen Annes reign it was given to Trinity Parish, N. Y. At the time of the sale one of the heirs did not sign the deed and this flaw in the conveyance of the property was made the basis of the famous litigation by the heirs of Anneke Janse, against the Trinity Corporation. :In 1638 Anneke Janse married Everardus Bogardus, the Minister of the Reformed Dutch Church. At the time of her second marriage she is described as "a small, well-formed woman with delicate features, transparent complexion, and bright beautiful eyes. She had a well bal- anced mind, a sunny disposition, winning manners and a kind heart." :Anneke's attractiveness was at least once the cause of trouble. A woman, imagining a slight by the Ministers wife, made public comments on the manner in which Mrs. Bogardus lifted her skirts, "to show her ankles.' Suit was brought, and the slanderer fined, as Anneke convinced the Court she was protecting her wedding finery when she held up her skirts at muddy crossings. The defendant was not only fined, but her husband was ordered to pay his overdue subscription to the Dominie's Church. :Anneke Janse's mother, Tryntje Jonas was a professional nurse, employed by the Dutch West India Company. She has the distinction of having been the first medical woman to exercise her profession on Manhattan Island. :After the death, by shipwreck, of Everardus Bogardus, in 1647, Anneke moved back to her first home — Albany — where she died in 1663. A bronze tablet upon the Mechanics and Farmers Savings Bank, at the northeast corner of James and State Streets, marks the site of her home. ===Story of the Webber-Bogardus families=== :Anneke Webber Jans Bogardus. Grandmother of Annettie Bogardus, who married Jacob Brouwer. :I WOLFERT WEBBER: Born, 1582, Holland. Married, 1600, Tryntje (Catherine) Jonas. Tryntje Jonas Webber, died, 1646. :Children of Wolfert and Tryntje Jonas Webber: *Wolfert, Born, 1602. *Anneke, born, 1604. *Marritje. :II ANNEKE WEBBER: Born, 1604, in Holland. Died, 1663, Albany, N. Y. :Married, *1. , Roeloff Jansen, in Holland. *2. 1638, Everardus Bogardus, in New Amsterdam. :Children of Everardus and Anneke Janse Bogardus: # Willem Born, Nov. 2, 1639, New Amsterdam. # Cornells Bap., Sept. 9, 1640, "New Amsterdam. # Jonas Bap., Jan. 4, 1643, New Amsterdam. # Pieter^ Bap., Apr. 2, 1645, New Amsterdam.Author: Buchanan,Sarah Katharine Marshall Subject: Marshall family; Tucker family Publisher: [n.p. Possible copyright status: NOT_IN_COPYRIGHT Language: English Call number: 31833035768727 Digitizing sponsor: Internet Archive Book contributor: Allen County Public Library Genealogy Center Collection: allen_county; Americana, http://archive.org/stream/ourkithkin00buch/ourkithkin00buch_djvu.txt, page 12-15 ---- :Roelof Janse was born in Maesterland (now Marstrand), Norway, about 1602, and died in New Amsterdam about 1637. Anneke Jans was born in Vleckere, Norway (now Flekkerøy, Flekkerøy Is., Vest Agder, Norway), in 1605, and died in Beverwyck (now Albany, New York), on February 23, 1663. She was buried in the churchyard, Beaver and Hudson Street. :They were married in Amsterdam Reformed New Church, Amsterdam, Holland, on Friday, April 18, 1623. :She took the name Anneke Janse. She is the daughter of Jonas/Johan and Tryntje (Roelofs)http://otal.umd.edu/~walt/gen/htmfile/3854.htm NOTE: Broken Link === About her Parents === :Anneke Janse's mother, Tryntje Jonas was a professional nurse, employed by the Dutch West India Company. She has the distinction of having been the first medical woman to exercise her profession on Manhattan Island. :Most sources agree on her mother being the midwife Tryntje Jonas (see, for instance, [http://www.columbia.edu/cu/lweb/digital/collections/cul/texts/ldpd_5800727_002/pages/ldpd_5800727_002_00000559.html page 269] of ''The iconography of Manhattan Island 1498-1909'')Stokes, I. N. Phelps. ''The iconography of Manhattan Island 1498-1909'' (v. 2), (New York : Robert H. Dodd, 1915-1928). :Anneke's father was not Wolfert Webber, despite lists such as the following: Children of Wolfert Webber and Tryntje (Jonas) Webber: *Wolfert, Born, 1602. *Anneke, born, 1604. *Marritje. :Tryntje is shown in many trees as having married twice: to Wolfert and to Jan Janse. However, documentation is needed, as Anneke's birth is prior to Wolfert's death. : Birth: Date: ABT 1604/1605 Place: Flekkeroy Island, Norway :Anneke Webber was born in Holland (some say in the Kings Palace) in 1604 .'''Anneke's father was not Webber !''' === Note 2 === : Note: Yet the questions remain: “Who was Anneke Jans? Where did she come from? And what was her station in life?” From the Amsterdam (Holland) Reformed Oude Kerk marriage intentions of April 1, 1693, it isrecorded that Roeloff Janssoon, born in Maesterland (Marstrand, on the island of the same name, Goteburg Och Bohus, Sweden— but in Bohuslan, Norway until 1658), a seaman, aged 21 years, having no parents (to grant parental permission), assisted by Jan Qerritsz., his nephew, residing three and a half years at the St. Tunis gate, on the one part: and Anna Jans, born in Vleckere, Norway Flekkeroy, on the island of the same name, Vest Agder, Norway), aged 18 years, assisted by Trijn Roeloffs, her mother, residing at the same place, of the second part. The marriage record of Roelof Janz (hereafter cited as Jansen) and Anna Jars was dated April 18, 1623 in the records of the Amsterdam Reformed Niew Kerk. it has been concluded by some that the give name of the father of Anneke Jans was therefore Johan. Jan oriohannes. The first three children of Roelof Jansen and his wife Anneke Jans are recorded as being baptized in the Amsterdam Lutheran Church as follows: Lijntje, baptized July 21, 1624, witnesses: Annetgen Jans, Stijntgen Barents, Sara, baptized April 5, 1627, witnesses: Assueris Jansen, Stijntje Barents, and Trijntje, baptized June 24,1629, witnesses Cornetis Sijverts, Trijntgen Siewerts. Roelof Jansen was among the first immigrants to New Amsterdam and in .1630 was commissioned to farm land in the new colony of Rensselaerswyck for $72 a year. Roelof and Anneke, together with their two children, a party of colonists and probably Anneke’s mother and sister, set sail on March 21, 1630 from the Texel for New Amsterdam aboard the ship “Eendracht”, arriving on May 24,1630. While at Rensselaerswyck, Roelof and Arneke were parents to two additional children, namely: Sytje, born about 1631 on de [aets Burg” farm and Jan, born about 1633 at the same place. The family resided and worked at Rensselaerswyck until about 1634, or later, when they moved to New Amsterdam. Their sixth child, Annetje, was born about 1636 in New Amsterdam and probably died as a child sometime after 1642. In 1636 Roelof was granted thirty-one morgans (62 acres) of land (later confirmed to the widow of Domine Bogardus in her own name, Anneke Jans, on July 4, 1 654), described as a line drawn near the north side of today’s Warren Street on the South, and Canal Street, or perhaps Desbrosses Street, on the north; on the west by the Hudson River, and on the east by a series of irregular lines west of Broadway. This presently includes parts of the modem neighbourhoods of Greenwich Village, So-Ho and Tribeca in New York City. A tiny triangle of land at the intersection of Duane and Hudson Streets, now known as Duane Park, has been marked with a plaque proclaiming it to be “the last remnant of greensward of the Anneke Jans Farm.” It should be noted that this entire parcel of land, once owned by Anneke Jans, did not encompass the land upon which the Trinity Church of New York was later built, it being upon the southern most tip of Manhattan Island that had been granted to Trinity Church in 1705. It is the ownership of the Bogardus farm as shown above that eventually came to be disputed by subsequent generations of Anneke’s descendants as having been improperly conveyed to the Trinity Church Corporation. Roelof Jansen died shortly after his arrival in New Amsterdam and in March 1638 Anneke jans, then a widow, married Domine (Reverend) Everardus Bogardus. Domine Bogardus had previously arrived in New Amsterdam in April 1633 aboard the ship “de Southberg to succeed the ministry of Jonas Michaelis, thus becoming the second ordained minister of the Reformed Dutch Church in America. The 62 acres of land which Anneke inherited from her first husband, Roelof Jansen, acquired the name ‘Domine’s Bouwerie”. Combined in English days with the ‘Company’s Bouwerie” and granted to Trinity Church in 1705 by the Colonial Governor, Lord Combury, as a representative of Queen Anne of England, this questionable conveyance of ownership of the original property of Anneke Jans became the basis for repeated and hotly contested lawsuits initiated by her descendants to claim their apparent legitimate part-ownership. As recently as the 1920’s, when the property was then considered to be worth “billions”, some descendants were still attempting to obtain a favourable settlement from the courts, having been denied restitution in preceeding generations. Nationwide ‘Anneke Jans Bogardus Heirs Association” chapters were established to help finance the legal costs involved, and questionable lawyers obtained millions of dollars from gullible, presumed descendants, on the basis of undocumented or dubious genealogical evidence. Of course, none of the lawsuits were ever settled in favour of the descendant “heirs”. fn reviewing the facts again today, however, one could conclude that the heirs of Anneke Jans were treated unfairly, but it is also plainly clear that no such lawsuit should ever be initiated again because of the finality of the court judgements that were previously rendered. The following is an interesting and little known bit of recorded history about Anneke Jans. In the translation of Fort Orange court minutes, under an entry for Tuesday, February 2, 1 655, it is recorded that Claes Gerritsz, who had been summoned by the court and asked whether he knew who was guilty of bestowing the (nick) names then in circulation, declared he heard that Cornelis Vos had given the name to “Mother Bogaerdus house, “The Vulture World” (de Gierswerelt)”. The editor of the translated minutes, Dr. Gehring, noted that “it is difficult to understand the significance of these names beyond a literal translation” and that “the real meaning is probably obscured by allusions clear to the seventeenth century”. He went on to say ‘the actual intentions may lie in a deeper meaning that ties together an allusion evoked by this expression and a characteristic of the person involved”. Although this nickname might connote a negative impression of Anneke Jans, we do not know the circumstances surrounding its use and must not be quick to judge her character. In any event, she became the greatest grandmother to millions of descendants, many of whom were quite prominent, and thus contributed to the history of our nation. Anneke Jans died in Beverwyck (now Albany, New York) and although in this book and others her date of death is recorded as February 23, 1663, this is actually the date when her son, Jan Roelofszen, then 30 years old paid the church for the rental of a burial pall. She may have died a day (or days) earlier and perhaps even buried a day or more after February 23rd, but this is the closest date known regarding her death. The will of Anneke Jans, dated 29 January 1663, is on record in the original Dutch in the book of Notarial Papers, County Clerks Office, Albany, NY (a transcript of the text from John 0. Evjen’s book is given on the following page). Her descendants are now estimated to number in the millions, and future generations will be no less interested in proving their pedigree to this illustrious ancestor, via the children of her first husband, RoelofJansen, or her second husband, Domine Everardus Bogardus. or both, as has already been done. The children of Anneke Janse and Roelofs Jansen were surnamed Roelofs for the five daughters and Roelofszen for the one son, although only Sara, Trijntje (Catrina) and Sytje are know to have left producing families of their own. None were surnamed Jansen. The children of Anneke Jans and Domine Everardus Bogardus were all born in New Amsterdam and baptized in the Reformed Dutch Church, although the baptism of their first son, Willem, was apparently performed before the first recorded baptism (25 September 1 639). In addition to Willem, born 1639, Cornelis, Jonas and Pieter were baptized on 9 September 1640, 4 January 1643 and 2 April 1645, respectively. All were surnamed Bogardus although only Willem, Cornelis and Pieter left children who produced families with descendants living today. === Genealogy Roadshow Segment === Leslie: I'm trying to find out if a story that's been passed down through my family is true, that Anneke Jans Bogardus is my ancestor grandmother. Joshua Taylor: I have to tell you, I '''immediately''' wanted to have you on the show because of the question you asked. Amongst genealogists, this would probably be one of our most asked questions because Anneke Bogardus owned a huge piece of property in what is now New York City. So as you can imagine, there are so many others that all want a part of this prize. They all want a part of the legacy of Anneke Jans. So let's dive in and learn a little bit about this famous ''potential'' relative, Anneke Jans Bogardus. Here is her story as far as we know. Anneke Jans Bogardus was actually born in Norway. We do not know a lot about her father but we do know that her mother was a midwife, and she married a fellow Norwegian, [[Janssoon-1|Roelof Jansen]], in Amsterdam, and we actually have a copy of their marriage certificate. Now this couple traveled to America in 1630 and Roelof Jansen, her first husband, died 7 years later. So she's now a widow and she's in New Amsterdam. So she's been taken from her home in Holland, she's married in Amsterdam, and now she's sitting in New Amsterdam, which today we know as New York City. A year after her first husband passes away, she marries her second husband. So here we see [pictures shown, same as in biography] Anneke Jans and her second husband, [[Bogardus-5|Everardus Bogardus]], who is a minister of the Dutch Reformed Church. Now during her lifetime, she and her husband owned a property which included farmland in lower Manhattan. Well looking at a map [shows a hand-drawn map of New Amsterdam with streets and the Bogardus Farm plotted on it] we can actually see that researchers have worked out exactly where that property was. This property today is extremely valuable. Have you ever heard of Wall Street? Well Anneke's farm is where Wall Street sits today. Now Anneke dies in Albany in 1663, 18 months '''before''' the Dutch ceded their colony to England. So she dies as a Dutch citizen. Now Anneke's will states that all of her possessions and the proceeds from her property were to be equally split among her children. Now it was 12 years later that [[Wikipedia:Trinity_Church_(Manhattan)|Trinity Church]] was founded on part of her old property. And Trinity Church became the first Anglican church in Manhattan and today the Trinity Corporation keeps control of its patch of real estate. Now acre for acre this is said to be the most valuable church yard and cemetery in the entire United States. Now there is no record of Anneke's children or grandchildren working to re-establish any ownership of their old farmland. It is only her descendants, hundreds of years later, that went on the warpath to reclaim the property. So we were able to trace your family back here to your 7th great-grandfather, [[Brouwer-232|Adam Brewer]] [1696 - Abt. 1769]. We know this is correct based upon a variety of probate and census and vital records. Adam's mother's [ [[Bogardus-44|Annatje "Anna" Bogardus]] 1663-] surname happened to be Bogardus. So when you look through the chart, Anna's father is [[Bogardus-6|Willem Bogardus]] [1639-1711] and Willem Bogardus was the son of Anneke Jans. ...As we know there's a lot of people that think they are [descendants] that really aren't. Now it's very unlikely that any court case now or in the future will be successful in getting money against Trinity Church. ...The church has always had a legally established right to the property. Aired: 06/28/16 Expires: 07/29/16 http://www.pbs.org/video/2365749416/
Anneke Jans/Everadus Bogardus
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Annelle
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Anne's Image Portfolio
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Annette's Rumney Graves, annotated
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Annie Edensor Marsden
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Annie Frohberger's travel diary
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Annie Louisa Willdock Pendant of Francis George Davis
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Annie Rigby's Family Bible
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Annie Roberts - Research Page
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Annie's Shipboard Diary
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Anniversaries and Obituaries
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Anon's Genealogical Wanderings
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Anonymous McCraw To-Do List
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Another test
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Anselme Index
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Anson, Somerset, Massachusetts (now Maine) Census Data
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Anstruther
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Answer question about models or honours
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Antholz
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Anthony Bagot letters
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Right worshippfull & good Father, I receaved yo[ur]
letters, wherin I easilye p[er]ceave. & gather the Fatherly
& daylye Care yo[u] have uppon me, for thapplyinge of
my studye, and thimployinge of my sealf, to please
my Tuto[r], whiche both heatherto, I trust I have
done, and (by the grace of god) hearafter (as yo[u] shall
p[er]ceave) I meane to doe. / Allso at Conveneyent tymes,
accordinge to yo[ur] pleasure, I weate uppon my Sr.
that is allmost ev[er]y daye, eyther at after dynner[s]
or els, at after supper[s], and uppon hollydayes
all the daye longe, whiche lykethe his Lordshipp
very well. I am allmost ev[er]y other daye, eyther
at dinner[s] or supper[s] w[i]th his honour, for he will
not suffer me to depart from him, untill neene
of the Clocke. / Thus having so fitt a messinger
as this, one Mr Buckley, a Mr of art of magdalen
Colledge, a very frend of my Tuto[r], I Can ^not
(as in yo[ur] [...] you did comannde me) but [...]
to my frend[es]. / And nowe Cravinge yo[ur] daylye
blessinge, I Cease to troble you, Committinge you
to the [...] of allmightye god this xjth of Aprill
1579
Yo[ur] sonne most willinge to obeaye
your Commandement
[Signed] Ant[hony] Bagott
== Sources ==
Anthony Colby Estate Division
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Tho Bradbury rec At ye county court held at Salisbury ye 14 3 mo: 1663'''<<
It: ye ferry meadow..........................................30-00-00
It: ye household goods....................................19-19-04
It: one yoke of oxen.........................................14-00-00
It: 3 cowes.........................................................13-10-00
It: 7 swine..........................................................05-05-00
It: in sheep........................................................02-10-00
It: in corn...........................................................21-04-00
It: the boggi meadow......................................10-00-00”Essex County Probate Files- Docket No. 5896 “To ye widdow for hir part & the two youngest children: ye dwelling house, barne and 14 acres of upland in
tillage........................................................... £70
ye ferric meadow....................................... £30
ye household goods.................................. £19. 19s. 4d
a yoake of Oxen......................................... £14
3 Cowes....................................................... £13. 10s
7 Swine.......................................................... £5. 5s
in sheep......................................................... £2. 10s
in Corne....................................................... £21. 4s
the boggie meadow................................... £10
To John Colby:
an acre of land aded to his halfe acre at his
house.............................................................. £2. 16s
two cheyns........................................................... 10s
a yoake of oxen........................................... £15. 10s
Mr. Groom's accomodacons....................... £6
in sheep.......................................................... £1. 10s
a cart & wheels, span, shackle & pin & ye 4th pt. of
another cart…................................................ £2 To Sarah, ye wife of Orlando Bagly:
one Cowe & one 3 yeere old steere............ £8
a young horse.............................................. £10
another Cowe................................................ £4. 10s
p. Isaac Colby................................................. £5. 16s
More payd by Isaac Colby to Orlando Bagly for ye
which the estate was debtor.........................£5. 19s. 8d To Samuell Colby:
one yoade of oxen....................................... £13
the pasture................................................... £20
To Isaac Colby:
the eleven lotts of marshe at Mr. Hal's farme, 2 lotts
of sweepage & one higledee pigeledee lot. £9. 10s
2 yearlins......................................................... £3
ye part of ye saw mill................................... £30 To Rebecka Colby:
a Cowe, one 3 year old steere & ye mare colt. £14
two Calves........................................................ £1
a bed & bolster................................................ £4. 10s
p. Isaac Colby................................................... £2. 11s
p. Sam. Colby.................................................... £5. 4s
in corne.................................................................. 11s This division was consented to by the widow Colby and all the children who were of capacity. Confirmed by the Norfolk County Court at Salisbury, 14:2:1663, and recorded by Tho. Bradbury, rec." Norfolk County Quarterly Court Files, 1:f.34 ==Research Notes== == Sources ==
Anthony Colby Inventory 9 March 1660
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1 feather bed & bolster & old Cotten Rugg, a payer
of course sheets & a course bed case….... £4. 15s
one old warming pan.......................................... 3s. 4d
an other feather bed, feather pillow, feather bolster
& a payer of sheets & Cotten Rugg............ £4. 10s
about £8. of sheeps wooll................................. 10s 8d
five pound of cotton wooll.................................. 5s
£10. of Hopps....................................................... 6s. 8d
a copp. kettle & a payer of tramells.............. £1
a little old brass skillett & old morter & pestle. 3s 4d
trayes & other dary ware.................................. 15s
a landiron, gridiron, frying pan, old cob iron....5s
in old peuter......................................................... 3s 4d
4 scythes............................................................... 8s
2 pillow beers….................................................... 3s
table, two joynstooles, 2 chayres................. £1
old swords & 2 old muskets.......................... £1
one chest & one box........................................... 10s
an old saddle & a pillion..................................... 10s
old lumber............................................................ 10s
a grindle stone with an Iron handle...................3s. 4d
a new millsaw & 1-2 an old one..................... £1
a croscutt saw & half a one............................ £1
a broad bow, 3 forkes, a rake, 2 axes & an Iron
Spade....................................................................... 12s
5 yoakes................................................................... 10s
2 Iron cheynes........................................................ 10s
halfe a tymber cheine & a new draft cheyne. £1. 15s
an old tumbrill with an old payer of wheeles.£1
2 sleades........................................................... £1
a long cart & wheels & Spanshakle & pin 4th pt. of
and other cart........................................................................£2
a plough & plough Irons......................................... 10s
2 Canoas & 1-2 a canoa.................................... £3. 15s
6 oxen............................................................... £42
6 Cowes............................................................ £27
2 3 yeare old steers.......................................... £7
2 Yearlins........................................................... £3
2 calves.............................................................. £1
7 swine............................................................... £5. 5s
8 sheep.............................................................. £4
1 mare & colt.................................................. £20
1 horse................................................................... 10s
a dwelling house & barne & 14 acres of upland in
tillage............................................................... £70
a pasture of about 30 acres.......................... £20
2 lotts att yt wch is cald Mr. Hall's Farme...... £5. 10s
about eighteen acres of fresh meadow.......£40
ye accoodacon bought of Mr. Groome......... £6
2 lots of sweepage & one higgledee
piggildee lott ................................................... £4
60 acres of upland towards pentuctt bounds with
meadow to be laid out................................... £10
ye 8th pt. of ye old saw mill.......................... £30
40 bushells of wheat....................................... £9
10 bushels of barley & 6 of rice......................£3. 4s
about 60 bushels of Indian corne................. £9
total............................................................... £359. 19s. 4d Anthony Colby, debtor:
To Sam. Worcester........................................ £1. 7s
Willi Osgood.................................................. £2. 9d
Goodman Tappin..................................... £1. 2s. 6d
Abram Morrill............................................. £2. 10s. 10d
John Tod............................................................ 10s
Tho. Clarke......................................................... 9s
Mr. Russell of Charlstown........................ £10
Mr. Gerish.................................................... £5. 8s. 6d
Mr. Woodman............................................. £2. 14s
Jno. Bartlett.................................................. £2. 2s. 1d
Steven Sweat............................................... £2. 5s. 5d
John Webster..................................................... 13s
Steven Greenleif................................................ 13s
Goodman Peirce................................................ 10s
Goodman Cillick........................................... £3
Jno. Lewis...................................................... £1. 10s
Orland Bagly................................................ £5. 19s
Jno. Blower.......................................................... 6s
Mr. Worcester.............................................. £1. 13s. 6d
Mr. Bradbury...................................................... 16s. 9d
to the widow Colby................................... £10
Henry Jaques............................................... £2. 10s
Willi. Huntington............................................... 11s
John Severans............................................. £1. 13s. 8d
Jno. Clough for grass.......................................... 6s
for 9 weeks worke...................................... £8. 2s
total............................................................ £68. 14s. 7d Debtor p Contra:
Rodger Eastman.............................................. 10s
Robert Clements......................................... £1. 5s
from ye town...................................................... 9s
Jno. Maxfield............................................... £2
Leonard Hatherlee..................................... £1
Sam. Worcester................................................. 14s. 6d
Goodman Morrill........................................ £1. 10s
Steven Flanders................................................. 6s
Goodman Randall.............................................. 6s
boards at ye saw mill................................... £3. 7s. 6d
loggs to make 2000 of bord........................ £2. 5s
for work done to ye estate.......................... £1. 2s. 6d
total............................................................. £14. 15s. 6d” ==Research Notes== == Sources ==
Anthony McMillan Census Records
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{{FamilySearch Record|VYC9-4MP}} (accessed 16 October 2022)
Anthony McMillen (29), Farmer, in Minnigaff, Kirkcudbrightshire, Scotland, United Kingdom. Born in Scotland. |- bgcolor=#E1F0B4 | Name || Sex || Age || Occupation || Birth Place |- | '''Anthony McMillen''' || '''M''' || '''29''' || '''Farmer''' || '''Scotland''' |- | Jane McMillen || F || 29 || || Scotland |- | Alexander McMillen || M || 1 || || Kirkcudbrightshire |- | Greace McMillen || F || 15 || F S || Scotland |- | Benjamin Logan || M || 15 || Ag Lab || Kirkcudbrightshire |}
{| border="1" cellpadding="4" |+ 1851 Census: Palgown, Kirkcudbrightshire, Scotland '''1851 Census''': "Scotland Census, 1851"
citing p. 1, PRO HO 107, The National Archives UK, Kew, Surrey; FHL microfilm 1,042,553.
{{FamilySearch Record|VY1S-WQ8}} (accessed 16 October 2022)
Anthony Mcmillan (40), Farmer of 3000 Moor 50 Arable Employ 1 Mail 1 Female Servt, in Palgown, Kirkcudbrightshire, Scotland. Born in Ayrshire. |- bgcolor=#E1F0B4 | Name || Sex || Age || Occupation || Birth Place |- | '''Anthony Mcmillan''' || '''M''' || '''40''' || '''Farmer of 3000 Moor 50 Arable Employ 1 Mail 1 Female Servt''' || '''Ayrshire''' |- | Jane Mcmillan || F || 40 || || Ayrshire |- | Alexander Mcmillan || M || 12 || Scolar || Kircudbright |- | William Mcmillan || M || 10 || Scolar || Kircudbright |- | John Mcmillan || M || 8 || Scolar || Kircudbright |- | Elizabeth Mcmillan || F || 6 || Scolar || Kircudbright |- | Margret Mcmillan || F || 4 || || Kircudbright |- | Anthony Mcmillan || M || 0 || || Kircudbright |- | John Mccoulough || M || 21 || Farm Sarvent || Ayrshire |- | Elizabeth Anderson || F || 16 || House Maid || Kirkcudbright |- | John Nelson || M || 40 || Manufacturs Agent || |}
{| border="1" cellpadding="4" |+ 1861 Census: Minnigaff, Kirkcudbrightshire, Scotland '''1861 Census''': "Scotland Census, 1861"
citing p. 1, PRO RG 9, The National Archives UK, Kew, Surrey; FHL microfilm 103,842.
{{FamilySearch Record|VBW5-48F}} (accessed 16 October 2022)
Anthony Mcmillan (49), Farmer 2000 Ac Employ 1 Lab & 1 Shepherd, head of household in Minnigaff, Kirkcudbrightshire, Scotland. Born in Ayrshire. |- bgcolor=#E1F0B4 | Name || Relation || Sex || Age || Occupation || Birth Place |- | '''Anthony Mcmillan''' || '''Head''' || '''M''' || '''49''' || '''Farmer 2000 Ac Employ 1 Lab & 1 Shepherd''' || '''Ayrshire''' |- | Jane Mcmillan || Wife || F || 49 || || Ayrshire |- | William Mcmillan || Son || M || 19 || Shepherd || Kirkcudbrightshire |- | John Mcmillan || Son || M || 17 || Labourer || Kirkcudbrightshire |- | Elizabeth Mcmillan || Daughter || F || 15 || Dairy Maid || Kirkcudbrightshire |- | Anthony Mcmillan || Son || M || 10 || Scholar || Kirkcudbrightshire |- | Thomas Mcmillan || Son || M || 8 || Scholar || Kirkcudbrightshire |- | Jane Mcmillan || Daughter || F || 6 || Scholar || Kirkcudbrightshire |- | John Arthur || Visitor || M || 11 || Scholar || Wigtownshire |}
{| border="1" cellpadding="4" |+ 1871 Census: Bargrennan, Kirkcudbrightshire, Scotland '''1871 Census''': "Scotland Census, 1871"
citing p. 3, PRO T 1, The National Archives UK, Kew, Surrey; FHL microfilm 104,006.
{{FamilySearch Record|VBGT-3Z7}} (accessed 16 October 2022)
Anthony Mcmillan (59), Farmer of About 2000 Acres Hill Pasture, head of household in Bargrennan, Kirkcudbrightshire, Scotland. Born in Ayrshire. |- bgcolor=#E1F0B4 | Name || Relation || Sex || Age || Occupation || Birth Place |- | '''Anthony Mcmillan''' || '''Head''' || '''M''' || '''59''' || '''Farmer of About 2000 Acres Hill Pasture''' || '''Ayrshire''' |- | Jane Mcmillan || Wife || F || 59 || Farmers Wife || Ayrshire |- | William Mcmillan || Son || M || 29 || Farmer's Son || Kirkbrightshire |- | John Mcmillan || Son || M || 27 || Farmer's Son || Kirkbrightshire |- | Maggie Mcmillan || Daughter || F || 23 || Farmer's Daughter || Kirkbrightshire |- | Thomas Mcmillan || Son || M || 18 || Farmer's Son || Kirkbrightshire |- | Jane Mcmillan || Daughter || F || 15 || Farmer's Daughter || Kirkbrightshire |}
{| border="1" cellpadding="4" |+ 1881 Census: Minnigaff, Kirkcudbrightshire, Scotland, United Kingdom '''1881 Census''': "Scotland Census, 1881"
{{FamilySearch Record|KMF5-8XY}} (accessed 16 October 2022)
Anthony McMillan (69), married, Farmer Joint, head of household in Minnigaff, Kirkcudbrightshire, Scotland, United Kingdom. Born in Ayrshire. |- bgcolor=#E1F0B4 | Name || Relation || Status || Sex || Age || Occupation || Birth Place |- | '''Anthony McMillan''' || '''Head''' || '''Married''' || '''M''' || '''69''' || '''Farmer Joint''' || '''Ayrshire''' |- | John M McMillan || Son || Unmarried || M || 35 || Farmer Joint || Kirkcudbright |- | Maggie M McMillan || Daughter || Unmarried || F || 31 || Farmers Daughter || Kirkcudbright |- | Robert Jackson || Servant || Unmarried || M || 17 || General Servant Domestic || Kirkcudbright |- | Isabella Campbell || Servant || Unmarried || F || 14 || General Servant Domestic || Kirkcudbright |}
{| border="1" cellpadding="4" |+ 1891 Census: Colmonell, Ayrshire, Scotland, United Kingdom '''1891 Census''': "Scotland Census, 1891"
{{FamilySearch Record|KSD5-DZ9}} (accessed 16 October 2022)
Anthony McMillan (80), married, Retired Farmer, head of household in Colmonell, Ayrshire, Scotland, United Kingdom. Born in Ayrshire. |- bgcolor=#E1F0B4 | Name || Relation || Status || Sex || Age || Occupation || Birth Place |- | '''Anthony McMillan''' || '''Head''' || '''Married''' || '''M''' || '''80''' || '''Retired Farmer''' || '''Ayrshire''' |- | Jane McMillan || Wife || Married || F || 80 || || Ayrshire |- | Maggie McMillan || Daughter || Single || F || 47 || || Kirkcudbrightshire |- | Maggie McMillan || Daughter || Single || F || 47 || || Kirkcudbrightshire |} == Sources ==
Anthony Palmer sources and draft biography
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{{FindAGrave|61429344}} (accessed 6 January 2024)
Memorial page for Sir Anthony Palmer (unknown-1630), citing St. Mary Churchyard, Chilham, Ashford Borough, Kent, England (plot: On a Black Marble on ye Floor, within ye Rails. floor of sanctuary); Maintained by Plantagenet Crown Dynasty (contributor 49922906)., although ''Alumni Cantbridgienses'' gives his age in 1579 as 14, suggesting a birth year closer to 1565John Venn, ''Alumni cantabrigienses; a biographical list of all known students, graduates and holders of office at the University of Cambridge, from the earliest times to 1900'' (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1922), Pt. 1, Vol. 3: p. 299, https://archive.org/details/p1alumnicantabri03univuoft/p1alumnicantabri03univuoft/page/298/mode/2up (accessed 22 Feb 2024). See also entry in ''Cambridge Almuni Database'': https://venn.lib.cam.ac.uk/cgi-bin/search-2018.pl?sur=palmer&suro=w&fir=anthony&firo=c&cit=&cito=c&c=all&z=all&tex=digges&sye=&eye=&col=all&maxcount=50. Anthony was likely born in London soon after his family moved there from Throwley, Kent, which is where his three elder sisters, '''Elizabeth''' (bap. 1563), '''Jane''' (bap. 1564), and '''Mary''' (bap.1565), had been baptised. In his youth, Anthony was educated at a school in Willesden, Middlesex by a Mr Giffith. On the 12th of June 1579, he was admitted as a pensioner to [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gonville_and_Caius_College,_Cambridge Gonville and Caius College] at the University of Cambridge, where he was also recorded as being resident in 1581. Anthony followed in the footsteps of his father by pursuing an education in the law and was admitted to [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lincoln%27s_Inn Lincoln's Inn] on the 21st of October 1583''Records of the Honourable Society of Lincoln's Inn: Admissions Register Volume 1, 1420-1799'' (Lincoln's Inn, 1896), p. 98, https://archive.org/details/VOL114201799/page/n103/mode/2up (accessed 22 Feb 2024).. The admissions register indicates he had previously be associated with [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Furnival%27s_Inn Furnival's Inn]. It does not, however, appear as though Anthony was ever called to the bar (see ''Research Notes''). The will of Anthony's father, John, was written on the 4th of July 1585 and proved on the 4th of March 1585/6The National Archives. Reference: PROB 11/69/135; Decription: Will of John Palmer of Clerkenwell, Middlesex; Date: 04 March 1586. https://discovery.nationalarchives.gov.uk/details/r/D922215 (accessed 9 Jan 2024), when Anthony was approximately 18 years old. In it, all of John's lands were bequeathed to Anthony. A transcription of John Palmer's will is available [[Space:Will_of_John_Palmer_1585|here]]. ===First Marriage=== Anthony first married '''Catherine Kingsmill''' , daughter of '''[[Kingsmill-16|William Kingsmill]]''' of Sydmonton, Hampshire and '''[[Raleigh-46|Bridget Raleigh]]''' of Thornborough, WarwickshireW. Harry Rylands, ed., ''The Visitations of Hampshire and Isle of Wight , 1530, 1575, and 1622-1634'' (London, Harleian Society, 1913), p. 3, https://archive.org/details/PedigreesFromTheVisitationOfHampshireMadeByThomasBenolt/page/n13/mode/2up (accessed 23 Feb 2024).. They had three children: *'''John Palmer''', d. young. *'''William Palmer''', d. young. *'''Philadelphia Palmer''', b. abt. 1604, bur. 30 Dec 1621 at St Mary's in Putney, Surrey '''Daughter's Burial''': "Surrey Burials", Archive: College Of Arms; Reference: 188; Page: 91, [https://search.findmypast.com.au/record?id=S2%2FGBOR%2FCOA%2FPAR-WL-1-188-SURREY-PARISH-REGISTERS-PUTNEY-1-VOL-11%2F0052&parentid=GBPRS%2FCOA%2FBUR%2F0168227 FindMyPast Image] - [https://www.findmypast.com.au/transcript?id=GBPRS%2FCOA%2FBUR%2F0168227 FindMyPast Transcription] (subscription required, accessed 23 February 2024), Mirs Philadelphia Palmer burial on 30 Dec 1621 in Putney, Surrey, England. Daughter of Sr Anthonie Palmer, Knt. . Anthony was made a Knight of the Bath at the coronation of King James I on the 25th of July 1603William A. Shaw, ''The knights of England : a complete record from the earliest time to the present day of the knights of all the orders of chivalry in England, Scotland, and Ireland and of knights bachelors, Vol. 1'' (London: Sherratt and Hughes, 1906), pp. 153, 156, http://www.familysearch.org/library/books/idurl/1/415938 (accessed 3 Mar 2024).. Sir Anthony's wife, Catherine, died on the 3rd of October 1613 and an elaborate memorial was erected for her at St Mary's in Putney '''First Wife Memorial''': Find a Grave (has image), {{FindAGrave|248380319}} (accessed 23 February 2024), Memorial page for Lady Catherine ''Kingsmill'' Palmer (unknown-3 Oct 1613), citing St. Mary the Virgin Churchyard, Putney, London Borough of Wandsworth, Greater London, England; Maintained by Lori Huey Hebert (contributor 47407310). "Parishes: Putney," in ''A History of the County of Surrey: Volume 4'', ed. H E Malden (London: Victoria County History, 1912), 78-83. ''British History Online'', accessed February 23, 2024, http://www.british-history.ac.uk/vch/surrey/vol4/pp78-83."Plate 147: Wandsworth, Parish Church of St. Mary, Putney, Monuments," in ''An Inventory of the Historical Monuments in London, Volume 2, West London'', (London: His Majesty's Stationery Office, 1925), 147. ''British History Online'', accessed February 23, 2024, http://www.british-history.ac.uk/rchme/london/vol2/plate-147.. ===Second Marriage=== Sir Anthony Palmer married secondly '''[[Digges-52|Margaret Digges]]''', daughter of '''[[Digges-25|Thomas Digges]]''', scientist and public servant, and '''[[St_Leger-6|Anne St Leger]]''' of Ulcombe, Kent Hovenden, Robert, ed., ''The visitation of Kent : taken in the years 1619-1621 by John Philipot, Rouge Dragon, Marshal and Deputy to William Camden, Clarenceux'' (London: Harleian Society, 1898), p. 65, https://archive.org/details/visitationofkent00camd/page/64/mode/2up (accessed 9 Jan 2024), on the 27th of April 1614 at St Mary Aldermanbury Church in London '''Marriage''': "England Marriages, 1538–1973", {{FamilySearch Record|V5KS-CM2}} (accessed 23 February 2024), Anthony Paulmer Knight Barronett marriage to Margaret Mrs Diggs on 27 Apr 1614 in St Mary Aldermanbury, London, England, United Kingdom. '''Marriage''': "England, Boyd's Marriage Indexes, 1538-1850", [https://www.findmypast.com.au/transcript?id=GBPRS%2FM%2F710207098%2F2 FindMyPast Transcription] (subscription required, accessed 23 February 2024), Anth Paulmer marriage to Margaret Diggs in 1614 in London, England. . They had three children: *'''John Palmer''', d. in infancy. *'''Dudley Palmer''', b. about 1617, bap. 9th of December 1617 at St Mary Aldermanbury '''Son's Baptism''': "England Births and Christenings, 1538-1975", citing Digital film/folder number: 7; FHL microfilm: 845246, {{FamilySearch Record|JQ1N-VX6}} (accessed 9 January 2024), Dudley Palmer baptism on 9 Dec 1617, son of Anthony Palmer, in St Mary Aldermanbury, London, England. , d. about 1666 in Middlesex '''Son's Administration''': "Prerogative Court Of Canterbury Administrations 1660-1700", Archive: The National Archives; Reference: PROB 6/41 f.230; Folio: 230, [https://search.findmypast.com.au/record?id=S2%2FGBOR%2FCANTERBURYCOURT%2F012_02%2F000789&parentid=OR%2FCANT%2FCOURT%2F0039067 FindMyPast Image] - [https://www.findmypast.com.au/transcript?id=OR%2FCANT%2FCOURT%2F0039067 FindMyPast Transcription] (subscription required, accessed 9 January 2024), Dudley Palmer administration on 27 Dec 1666. Residence: Middlesex, England; Notes: "Grays Inn", Mdx.; Administration: Ad. to Edw. Digges, esq., cousin and n. of k. (revk'd and Adm. d. b. n. Dec. 1690). . *'''Anthony Palmer''', b. about 1619. Sir Anthony was sworn a free brother of the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/East_India_Company East India Company] in July 1614'East Indies: July 1614', in ''Calendar of State Papers Colonial, East Indies, China and Japan, Volume 2, 1513-1616''', (London, 1864) pp. 301-313. ''British History Online'' https://www.british-history.ac.uk/cal-state-papers/colonial/east-indies-china-japan/vol2/pp301-313 [accessed 3 March 2024]. Sir Anthony's wife, Margaret, died on the 22nd of September 1619 in PutneyFaussett, Rev. Bryan, (1757). ''Some Monumental Inscriptions of Chilham Church''. Kent Archaeology. https://www.kentarchaeology.org.uk/research/monumental-inscriptions/chilham (accessed 9 Jan 2024), possibly as a result of complications with the birth of their son, Anthony. An impressive memorial was erected for her by Sir Anthony in St Mary's Church in Chilham, KentHasted, Edward. "Parishes: Chilham," in ''The History and Topographical Survey of the County of Kent: Volume 7'', (Canterbury: W Bristow, 1798), 263-292. British History Online. http://www.british-history.ac.uk/survey-kent/vol7/pp263-292. (accessed 9 Jan 2024)'''Second Wife Memorial''': Find a Grave (has image), {{FindAGrave|61429770}} (accessed 9 January 2024), Memorial page for Lady Margaret ''Diggs'' Palmer (unknown-22 Sep 1619), citing St. Mary Churchyard, Chilham, Ashford Borough, Kent, England (plot: west end of north aisle); Maintained by Plantagenet Crown Dynasty (contributor 49922906). with a lengthy memorial inscription extolling her various admirable qualities. She also had a memorial at St Mary's Church in Putney"Wandsworth," in ''An Inventory of the Historical Monuments in London, Volume 2, West London'', (London: His Majesty's Stationery Office, 1925), pp. 93-99. British History Online. http://www.british-history.ac.uk/rchme/london/vol2/pp93-99 (accessed 9 Jan 2024). ===Death=== Sir Anthony died between the 28th of August 1630, when his will was writtenThe National Archives. Reference: PROB 11/158/216; Decription: Will of Sir Anthony Palmer of London; Date: 24 September 1630. https://discovery.nationalarchives.gov.uk/details/r/D882084 (accessed 6 Jan 2024), and the 3rd of September 1630, when he was buried at St Mary's in Chillham '''Burial''': "England Deaths and Burials, 1538-1991", citing Digital film/folder number: 004021511; FHL microfilm: 1736630; Packet letter: B; Indexing batch: B06353-0, {{FamilySearch Record|JD4S-GMG}} (accessed 23 February 2024), Anthony Palmer burial on 3 Sep 1630 in Chilham, Kent, England. . He was around 63 years old at the time of his death. His will was proved at the Prerogative Court of Canterbury on the 24th of September 1630. A transcription of his will can be found [[Space:Will_of_Sir_Anthony_Palmer_1630|here]]. An inquisition post mortem was made into Sir Anthony's estates in 1630/31The National Archives. Reference: C 142/467/67; Decription: Palmer, Antony, knight: Kent; Date: 6 Charles I. https://discovery.nationalarchives.gov.uk/details/r/C7854624 (accessed 3 Mar 2024)The National Archives. Reference: WARD 7/80/207; Decription: Palmer, Antony, knight: Kent; Date: 6 Chas I. https://discovery.nationalarchives.gov.uk/details/r/C7751852 (accessed 3 Mar 2024). ==Research Notes== I can find no evidence that Anthony Palmer was called to the bar at any of the Inns of Court (Lincoln's Inn, Gray's Inn, Inner Temple, Middle Temple), having searched through admissions registers/databases and bench minutes of each of these. [[Evans-33937|Evans-33937]] 13:33, 22 February 2024 (UTC) I have been unable to find a marriage record for Anthony Palmer and his first wife, Catherine Kingsmill. We know they were probably married between 1585 (Anthony's father's will does not mention a wife) and 1604 (approximate birth year of daughter Philadelphia). [[Evans-33937|Evans-33937]] 13:56, 23 February 2024 (UTC) ==Sources==
Anthony Yerkes family of Pennsylvania in Michigan (about 1827-1900)
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Anthony's Book of the Bell Family
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Anthony_s_Book_of_the_Bell_Family.pdf
Antill family records and evidence
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Antique baby items
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Antique Kitchen Clock
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It's my understanding you clock was purchased by J.W. and since my dad CA Gamble was born in 1919, I suspect it was purchased about that time and that would have been in Tuscaloosa or Columbus Miss because J.W. and Vannie lived in Pickens County Al. then. John, my bother was given Andy's clock before JW died and I assume it would be the oldest and Linda and Frances now have that clock. I have my great grandmother's Reece's clock, I was given it back in the fifties because she wonted me to have it because they say, and I remember, she would hold me up to the clock and move the hands around to make it strike to stop me from crying when I was a baby. Your clock was given to Maggie by Vannie after J.W. died because she hated the clock for some reason and did not want it in the house. Ownership: Originally purchased by my Great Grandfather, [[Gamble-758|John Walter Gamble]]. He probably purchased it some time between 1915 - 1919. If I ever take the back off of the clock, I should be able to determine the Month and Year that it was produced. When J.W. died, the clock went to his sister, [[Gamble-804|Maggie Gamble Carter]]. Maggie gave the clock to my Mother, [[Gamble-756|Kathy Evans]]. When Kathy died, the clock was passed to [[Evans-9605|James R. Evans]] History of the E. Ingraham & Company Bristol, Conn E. Ingraham & Company was formed in 1860, succeeding several earlier clock-manufacturing firms in which casemaker Elias Ingraham had been involved, notably Brewster & Ingrahams (1843-1852), E. & A. Ingrahams (1852-1856) and Elias Ingraham & Company (1857-1860). The firm originally rented, and later purchased, a shop on Birge's Pond in Bristol, which had been used by a number of clockmaking firms since 1820. Having originally purchased their movements from various sources, in 1865 the firm decided to establish their own movement making facility. A hardware shop was moved onto a piece of land owned by the firm and veteran clockmaker Anson L. Atwood set up and managed the movement department for Ingraham for some years. Elias Ingraham (1805-1885) designed a variety of popular cases and case features for the firm, receiving 17 patents between 1857 and 1873. Many of his cases utilized an unusual figure "8" door design for which he had received a patent in 1857. Rosewood veneered case models with names such as "Doric", "Venetian", and "Ionic" were often made in several sizes and held their popularity with the public for many years. Elias Ingraham's son Edward Ingraham (1830-1892) succeeded his father as head of the business in 1885. Edward had also received an important patent in 1884 for a method of applying black enamel paint (Japan) to wooden clock cases. Using this method to produce cheaper imitations of French marble mantel clocks was a great success. Though the process was soon imitated by most other clock manufacturers, the Ingraham firm became a leading maker of "black mantel" clocks, introducing 221 models plus special order styles in the following three decades. In 1887, the firm had its first great expansion with the erection of a 300-foot long, 4 story case shop. A new office building and movement shop was built between 1902 and 1904. In 1913, they began to manufacture a nonxjeweled pocket watch and added wrist watch models to the line in 1932, producing more than 65 million pockets watches and 15 million wrist watches by the time this production ceased in the midx 1960's. Ingraham's clock and watchmaking ceased totally during World War II and pendulum clock production did not resume after the war. After the war, electric clocks, added to the line about 1930, were then a major part of their product line as were watches, alarm clocks, fuses and timers (the latter two were established during wartime production). In 1964, a modern and much smaller factory was constructed in the southern part of Bristol and the old complex was abandoned and later demolished. Little if any clock production was done at the new factory, as it was almost totally devoted to manufacture of more profitable fuses. The firm was sold to McGrawxEdison, a conglomerate, in 1967 and the Bristol factory presently produces Bussman fuses. Production of electric clocks with the Ingraham trademark continues at a plant, which the firm built at Laurinburg, North Carolina in 1959.
Antje Tilstra Koehoorn and Antje Tilstra Dokkum
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1870-08-20 Gelland Dokkum
'''1871-07-01 Fokje Koehoorn - (twin)
'''1871-07-01 Unnamed stillborn infant Koehoorn - (twin)
'''1871-09-27 Jan Dokkum - (twin)
'''1871-09-27 Klaaske Dokkum - (twin)
1873-08-03 Jan Dokkum
1874-05-20 Jerke Koehoorn
1875-01-24 Grietje Dokkum
'''1876-07-17 Grietje Dokkum - (twin)
'''1876-07-17 Baukje Dokkum - (twin)
'''1876-09-04 Folkert Koehoorn
1877-09-13 Folkert Dokkum
1878-09-16 Martje Koehoorn
1880-06-19 Grietje Dokkum
1882-03-12 Klaas Dokkum
There are two death records for a woman named Antje Tilstra whose parents are Folkert Klazes Tilstra and Martha Annes Feenstra. In the earlier death record it states that a woman named Antje Folkerts Tilstra, who was the wife of Jelle Jans Dokkum and daughter of Folkert Klazes Tilstra and Martha Annes Feenstra, died on July 9, 1886, at the age of 46 years. In the later death record it states that a woman named Antje Tilstra, who was the wife of Jan Koehoorn and daughter of Folkert Klazes Tilstra and Martha Annes Feenstra, died on January 2, 1907, at the age of 68 years.
(1886: https://www.openarch.nl/frl:148e215b-5160-4bbe-0afa-0a3effd9a120)
(1907: https://www.openarch.nl/frl:ed741697-f0fd-b77e-505b-93a2bb402f79)
=== Who married whom? === Perhaps one of the things that helps to maintain the confusion about the two Antje Tilstras is how their ages are reported in the marriage records. In both marriage records the age that is given for Antje indicates that it is the older sister who was getting married. The marriage to Jelle Jans Dokkum took place on May 2, 1863, where the age of the bride is recorded as 25. The wedding date came after the older sister's birthday, April 16, and before the younger sister's birthday, December 10. Subtracting 25 from the wedding year gives 1863 - 25 = 1838, the year the older sister was born. If the younger sister had married Jelle Dokkum on May 2, 1863, then the bride's age should have been recorded as 1863 - 1839 = 24, then subtract one more year from her age because she had not yet had a birthday that year so the younger sister would have been 23. The marriage to Jan Jerkes Koehoorn took place on May 5, 1871, where the age of the bride is recorded as 33. Again, the wedding date came after the older sister's birthday, April 16, and before the younger sister's birthday, December 10. Subtracting 33 from the wedding year gives 1871 - 33 = 1838, the year the older sister was born. If the younger sister had married Jan Jerkes Koehoorn on May 5, 1871, then the bride's age should have been recorded as 1871 - 1839 = 32, then subtract one year from that age because she had not yet had a birthday that year so the younger sister would have been 31. The marriage records do not resolve which Antje was married to Jelle Dokkum and which was married to Jan Koehoorn. They both indicate that it was the older sister, which means that the earlier-born Antje did not die before her sister was married, and that causes additional confusion about what happened to the Antje who was born later. The simple solution to this confusion is that one of the two marriage records gives the wron age of the bride at the time of the wedding. There are a number of ways the incorrect age could have been recorded. Maybe the clerk was familiar with the family but was not aware of which sister was getting married and simply recorded the age of the older sister. Perhaps the person relaying the information to the clerk got flustered and gave the age of the older sister when the younger sister was getting married. Maybe the clerk referred to the birth records and mistakingly selected the birth record of the older sister when the younger one was being married. The only thing that can be concluded with some certainty is that one of the two marriage records has the wrong age for the bride. The death records for the two sisters give some better clarity. One of the two sisters died on July 9, 1886, and her age was recorded as 46. Subtracting the age at the time of death from the year of the death should give the birth year of the sister, 1886 - 46 = 1840. The information is correct if the younger sister died on July 9, 1886, because she had not yet had a birthday that year when she would turn 47. If it was the older sister who died in 1886 her age should have been recorded as 1886 - 1838 = 48 because the older sister had already had a birthday that year. The other sister died on January 2, 1907. The death occurred very early in the year, before either sister would have had a birthday, so we expect her age to be one less than indicated by subtracting the birth year from the year she died. Another way to describe it is that we need to add one to the age at death before subtracting that age from the year of death to find the year the sister was born. The age of the sister who died on January 2, 1907, was 68. That sister would have turned 69 on her birthday in 1907, so 1907 - 69 = 1838, the birth year of the older Antje. From the death records we can conclude that the Antje who was born in April, 1838, married Jan Koehoorn in May, 1871, and died in January, 1907, when she was 68 years old. The Antje who was born in December, 1839, married Jelle Dokkum in May, 1863, and died in July, 1886, when she was 46 years old. === Conclusion === In many ways the details of Antje Tilstra and her sister, Antje Tilstra, and who they married does not matter. Descendents of either of these two sisters will eventually trace the birth, death, and marriage records or their parents, grandparents, and great-grandparents to either Antje Tilstra and Jelle Dokkum, or to Antje Tilstra and Jan Koehoorn. Based on those records it will be clear whether their ancestor is Jelle Dokkum or Jan Koehoorn and there will be no confusion about which lineage to follow further back in time. Also, it doesn't matter which of the two sisters named Antje Tilstra they find in their lineage because both of them were daughters of Folkert Tilstra and Martha Feenstra and there is no confusion about following the lineages of Folkert and Martha not matter which Antje is recorded. However, genealogists, historians, family archivists, etc., should take care to record the histories and lineages as accurately as possible. These two sisters appear in too many publicly available family trees where the earlier born sister is assumed to have died before the second sister was born and then the younger Antje is listed as being married to both Jelle Dokkum and Jan Koehoorn with various numbers of children of both sisters and having all the children with the surname Dokkum or Koehoorn, or sometimes both surnames are provided for some children. The free flow of family records information through the internet has been a blessing for those who are researching family histories from far away places, but that same free flow of information has been a curse when bits and pieces of incomplete research and incorrect information are shared so widely and so quickly. Hopefully, researchers who discover Folkert Tilstra, Martha Feenstra, and their two grown-up daughters in their family tree will also stumble across the information presented here and some of the bad information will be corrected. Also, if a future researcher finds errors in the information presented here and the conclusions there are drawn from that information, they will be able to correct those mistakes and pass on their better information to the generations that follow after them. == Sources ==
Antoinette (Cloutier) Berube Family for Alfonse Albert Lacroix
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Antoinette Betton Land Records
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Bibb County : This indenture made the nineth day of June in the year of our Lord one thousand eight hundred & fifty four between James B. Ayres of the county of Bibb of the one part and Abner P. Powers guardian of Antoinette Betton a free person of color of the county of Bibb of the other part; witnesseth that the said James B. Ayres for and in consideration of the sum of Eight Hundred Dollars in hand paid at and before the sealing & delivering of these presents the receipt whereof is herby acknowledged has granted bargained sold aliened conveyed & confirmed and by these presents does grant bargain sell alien convey & confirm unto the said Abner P. Powers as guardian of the said Antoinette and to her heirs and assigns all that tract or parcel of land situate lying and being in the city of Macon & said county & state being a part of lot number eight (8) square number sixty seven (67) according to the plan of said city and bounded as follows first commencing on Wharf street & running one hundred and four feet three inches along the ten foot alley leading through said square form Wharf to Walnut street thence eighty feet across the rear of said lot thence in a direct line back to Wharf street and thence eighty feet along said Wharf street to the starting point viz the mouth of said ten foot alley containing [ ] together with all the improvements on the same the above numbers are according to E. A. Vincents map of the city of Macon. : To have and to hold the said bargained premises with all and singular the rights members privileges & appurten thereof whatsoever to the said premises belonging or in anywise appertaining with the remainder & remainders reversion & reversions rents issue and profits thereof to the only proper use benefit & behoof of him the said Abner Power guardian of the said Antoinette her heirs executors administrators and assigns in Fer Simple; and the said James B. Ayres his heirs executors and administrators does warrant & will forever defend the premises hereby conveyed unto the said Abner P. guardian of the said Antoinette unto her heirs executors administrators and assigns against the lawful claim of the said James B. Ayres his heirs executors and administrators and against the claim of any other person or persons whatsoever; In witness whereof the said James P. Ayres has hereunto set by hand and affixed his seal the day & year above written :::: Jas P. Ayres :: Signed sealed & delivered in presence of :: Clifford Anderson :: Robert S. Laurens :: NotPub [notary public] Recorded 31st January 1860''Deeds and mortgages, 1822-1908'': "Deeds and mortgages, 1822-1908", database with images, ({{FamilySearch Image|3Q9M-C3QP-838G-B}} : accessed 25 October 2023); citing Catalog: [https://www.familysearch.org/search/catalog/292084 Deeds and mortgages, 1822-1908] Deeds, v. P15 1857-1860; Film number: 008563393 > image 462 of 505. === 1892 Deposition === Georgia
Bibb County : Personally came before me Antonette Betton who being duly sworn, deposes & says, that in the year 1854 she purchased from James Ayers that tract or parcel of land situate, lying and being in the city of Macon & known in the plan of said city as part of lot six in square sixty seven having a front on Wharf street of 80 feet & extending back to an alley in the rear. : By a mistake in the drawing of the said deed it was put down as lot eight when it should have been lot six in square sixty seven. Upon the purchase of the property she immediately went into possession & has been in possession of lot six ever since she bought it about thirty five years ago. : She has sold off the back part of the lot to Nero & Susan Smith & they sold off half of the back they bought to Daniel Robinson. : In the deeds which I made to Nero & Susan Smith & the deed which Nero & Susan Smith made to Daniel Robinson the property was described as part of lot number eight, when it should have been lot number six. The boundaries given in the last deed were such as would locate the lot as part of lot six. Deponent is now in possession of such portion of lot number six as she had not sold off to other parties, & resides thereon. :::: Antonette Betton (her X mark) :: Sworn to & subscribed before me :: This 28 day of Sept 1892 :: Read over to witness before signing :: W. B. Birch Notary Public Bibb Co Ga :: Ralph Dunwoody Georgia
Bibb county : Personally appeared before me a Notary Public in & for said county Primus Moore, who being duly sworn depose & say that he has known personally Antonette Betton of said county for thirty five years & during all that time she had resided on Wharf street on lot six in square sixty seven, being the premises where she now lives, & claimed the premises as her own property. :::: P. Moore :: Sworn to & subscribed before me :: This 28th day of Sept 1892 :: W. B. Birch Notary Public :: Bibb County Ga Georgia
Bibb County : Personally before me came Nero Smith who being duly sworn deposes & says that Antonette Betton has been in possession of lot number six in square sixty seven, fronting on Wharf street & extending back to an alley in the rear for thirty five years, & that Antonette Betton sold to Nero & Susan Smith the back part of said lot about ten years ago & that while the deed said part of lot eight in square sixty seven it should have been part of lot six in square sixty seven. : Deponent knows that Antonette Betton & those claiming under her have been in possession of lot six in square sixty seven for about thirty five years. :::: Nero Smith :: Sworn to & subscribed before me :: This 28th day of Sept 1892 :: W. B. Birch Notary Public :: Bibb Co Ga Georgia
Bibb County : Personally appeared before me a Notary Public in & for said county Rena Brice, who bring duly sworn depose & say that they have known personally Antonnette Betton of said County for about thirty five years & during all that time she has resided on Wharf street on lot six in Square sixty seven, being the premises where she now resides, & claimed the premises extending back to the alley as her property. :::: Rena Brice (her X mark) :: Sworn to & subscribed before me, :: This 28th day of Sept 1892 :: W. B. Birch :: Notary Public :: Bibb Co Ga''Deeds and mortgages, 1822-1908'': "Deeds and mortgages, 1822-1908", database with images, ({{FamilySearch Image|3Q9M-C3QP-D968-Z}} : accessed 21 October 2023); citing Catalog: [https://www.familysearch.org/search/catalog/292084 Deeds and mortgages, 1822-1908] Deeds, v. 69 1892-1896; Film number: 008563576 > images 82-84 of 420. === Sale of Land to Susan Smith === This record also makes mention of a previous land sale to Nero Smith. You will note that they made depositions in the above section in 1892. They also appear as her neighbors in census records (see [[Betton-97|Antoinette Betton's profile)]]). [''Abstract''] Indenture was made the 10th of August 1882 between Antoinette Betten, Lucinda Long, Annie Ford and Charles Carhart in the County of Bibb and State of Georgia, party of the first part and Susan Smith of the County of Bibb and State of Georgia, party of the second part for a certain property on tract or parcel of land in Macon, Georgia being a part of lot number eight (8) in square sixty seven (67) according to the plan of the city. The property commenced at the fence of Nero Smith in a ten foot alley and running along the alley toward Wharf street for thirty feet then at right angles eighty feet to the line fence of Primus Moore thence at right angles thirty feet to the line fence of Nero Smith thence at right angles to the starting point containing one sixteenth of an acre, more or less. The cost was $50.00.''Deeds and mortgages, 1822-1908'': "Deeds and mortgages, 1822-1908", database with images, ({{FamilySearch Image|3Q9M-C3QP-FSCK-T}} : accessed 21 October 2023); citing Catalog: [https://www.familysearch.org/search/catalog/292084 Deeds and mortgages, 1822-1908] Deeds, v. GG32-HH33 1882-1884, 1887; Film number: 008563404 > image 267 of 844. === Sale of Land to Maria McDonald === [''Abstract''] Indenture made 8 October 1884 between Antonette Betton, Lucinda Long, Annie Ford and Charles Carhart, party of the first part and Maria McDonald, party of the second part in Bibb County, Georgia vacant parcel of land of lot number eight (8) in square sixty seven (67) in the city of Macon in Bibb County and well known as the garden spot of Antonette Betton, measuring eighty feet up & down on the alley which runs through said square sixty seven between New & Spring street and thirty (30) feet in an opposite direction towards Wharf street.''Deeds and mortgages, 1822-1908'': "Deeds and mortgages, 1822-1908", database with images, ({{FamilySearch Image|3Q9M-C3QP-VYR2}} : accessed 22 October 2023); citing Catalog: [https://www.familysearch.org/search/catalog/292084 Deeds and mortgages, 1822-1908] Deeds, v. 65 1891-1893; Film number: 008563573 > image 351 of 426. === General Index to Real Estate Conveyances === The chart below details some of the land sales of Antoinette Betton.''Deeds and mortgages, 1822-1908'': "Deeds and mortgages, 1822-1908", database with images, ({{FamilySearch Image|3Q9M-C3QP-83NM-L}} : accessed 21 October 2023); citing Catalog: [https://www.familysearch.org/search/catalog/292084 Deeds and mortgages, 1822-1908] Index, grantor, v. A-D 1823-1919; Film number: 008563382 > image 154 of 840. {| ! Grantors ! Grantees ! Kind of Instrument ! Recorded (Book/Page) ! Date of Instrument ! Date Recorded ! Property |- |Betton et al Antoinette||Maria McDonald||W||65 615||8 Oct 1864||19 Dec 1892||8 B 67 |- |Betton et al Antoinette||Nero Smith||W||DD 145||11 Oct 1880||26 Nov 1880||8 B 67 |- |Betton et al Antoinette||Susan Smith||W||GG 447||10 Aug 1882||29 Oct 1883||8 B 67 |- |Betton Antoinette||||aff.||69 63||28 Sep 1892||30 Sep 1892||6 B 67 |- |} == Sources ==
Anton
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[https://www.wikitree.com/wiki/Space:WatmuffTrunk J.H. & Bessie Watmuff's Photos]
(her parents) [[Watmuff-5|J.H. Watmuff Profile]]
[https://www.wikitree.com/wiki/Space:Watmuffprologue J. H Watmuff Journals Prologue]
Ailsa Arnold's Photos (her daughter) pending Olive Watmuff's photos. Watmuff-4
These were held by her daughter, Thornton-8482 Scanned by Arnold-16710 All these images are from Arnold-16710 collection of images. {{image |file=Thornton-8483-5.jpg |align=l |size=1000px |label= Thornton-8483-5.jpg |caption= [[Thornton-8483|Rob Thornton]], about 1891 }} {{image |file=Thornton-8483-6.jpg |align=l |size=1000px |label=Thornton-8483-6.jpg |caption=[[Thornton-9372|Florence]], [[Thornton-9371|Bill]] and [[Thornton-8483|Rob Thornton]] about 1893. }} {{image |file=Thornton-8483-7.jpg |align=l |size=1000px |label=Thornton-8483-7.jpg |caption=[[Thornton-8483|Rob Thornton]], Brighton School 1894 (see arrow) }} {{image |file=Thornton-8483-8.jpg |align=l |size=1000px |label= mouse over |caption=Thornton-8483-8.jpg }} {{image |file=Thornton-8483-9.jpg |align=l |size=1000px |label= Thornton-8483-9.jpg |caption=1907-05-00 [[Thornton-8483|R. S. Thornton]], BLACK EYE 10 STONE. }} {{image |file=Thornton-8483-10.jpg |align=l |size=1000px |label= Thornton-8483-10.jpg |caption=In order Back row: [[Watmuff-29|Bert Watmuff]], [[Thornton-8483|R. S. Thornton]], [[Van_den_Berg-4066|Olive (Marie) Van den Berg]], [[Watmuff-4|Olive Watmuff]], Bill Wilks, [[Watmuff-28|Basil Watmuff]].
Front Row kneeling: [[Bond-9112|Harold Bond]], [[Watmuff-30|Reg Watmuff]]. }} {{image |file=Thornton-8483-11.jpg | align=l |size=1000px |label= Thornton-8483-11.jpg |caption=[[Thornton-8483|Robert Sturgess Thornton]], 1910-02-25 }} {{image |file=Thornton-8483-12.jpg | align=l |size=1000px |label= Thornton-8483-12.jpg |caption=[[Watmuff-4|Olive Watmuff]], [[Thornton-8483|R. S. Thornton]], [[Van_den_Berg-4066|Olive (Marie) Van den Berg]] about 1913 on the Murray at what was later Red Cliffs before the river was locked. (R.S. T. handwriting) }} {{image |file=Thornton-8483-13.jpg | align=l |size=1000px |label= Thornton-8483-13.jpg |caption=[[Watmuff-4|Olive]] and [[Thornton-8483|Rob Thornton]], about time of marriage, 19th January 1915 }} {{image |file=Thornton-8483-4.jpg |align=l |size=1000px |label=Thornton-8483-4.jpg |caption=[[Thornton-8483|Rob Thornton]], about time of marriage to [[Watmuff-4|A. O Watmuff]], 19th January 1915 (cropped from larger photograph) }} {{image |file=Thornton-8483-14.jpg | align=l |size=1000px |label= Thornton-8483-14.jpg |caption=1937 - Thornton Family, [[Watmuff-4|A. Olive]], [[Thornton-8574|W. Neville]], [[Thornton-8577|Ralph]], [[Thornton-8483|Robert S.]],[[Thornton-8575| J. Ellis]], [[Thornton-8576|Geoff]]. (A. Arnold's 3x5 inch negative) }} {{image |file=Thornton-8483-15.jpg | align=l |size=1000px |label=Thornton-8483-15.jpg |caption=1940-10: 1940-10-00: RST " [[Thornton-8483|Dad]] cultivating at home" (Ailsa Arnold's photograph) }} {{image |file=Thornton-8483-16.jpg | align=l |size=1000px |label= mouse over |caption=Thornton-8483-16.jpg }} {{image |file=Thornton-8483-17.jpg | align=l |size=1000px |label= mouse over |caption=Thornton-8483-17.jpg }} {{image |file=Thornton-8483-18.jpg | align=l |size=1000px |label= mouse over |caption=Thornton-8483-18.jpg }} {{image |file=Thornton-8483-19.jpg | align=l |size=1000px |label= mouse over |caption=Thornton-8483-19.jpg }} {{image |file=Thornton-8483-20.jpg | align=l |size=1000px |label= mouse over |caption=Thornton-8483-20.jpg }} {{image |file=Thornton-8483-21.jpg | align=l |size=1000px |label= mouse over |caption=Thornton-8483-21.jpg }} {{image |file=Thornton-8483-22.jpg | align=l |size=1000px |label= mouse over |caption=Thornton-8483-22.jpg }} {{image |file=Thornton-8483-23.jpg | align=l |size=1000px |label= mouse over |caption=Thornton-8483-23.jpg }} {{image |file=Thornton-8483-24.jpg | align=l |size=1000px |label= mouse over |caption=Thornton-8483-24.jpg }} {{image |file=Aow.jpg | align=l |size=1000px |label= mouse over |caption=Aow.jpg }} {{image |file=Aow-1.jpg | align=l |size=1000px |label= mouse over |caption=Aow-1.jpg }} {{image |file=Aow-2.jpg | align=l |size=1000px |label= mouse over |caption=Aow-2.jpg }} {{image |file=Aow-3.jpg | align=l |size=1000px |label= mouse over |caption=Aow-3.jpg }} {{image |file=Aow-4.jpg | align=l |size=1000px |label= mouse over |caption=Aow-4.jpg }} {{image |file=Aow-5.jpg | align=l |size=1000px |label= mouse over |caption=Aow-5.jpg }} {{image |file=Aow-6.jpg | align=l |size=1000px |label= mouse over |caption=Aow-6.jpg }} {{image |file=Aow-7.jpg | align=l |size=1000px |label= mouse over |caption=Aow-7.jpg }} {{image |file=Aow-8.jpg | align=l |size=1000px |label= mouse over |caption=Aow-8.jpg }} {{image |file=Aow-9.jpg | align=l |size=1000px |label= mouse over |caption=Aow-9.jpg }} {{image |file=Aow-10.jpg | align=l |size=1000px |label= mouse over |caption=Aow-10.jpg }} {{image |file=Aow-11.jpg | align=l |size=1000px |label= mouse over |caption=Aow-11.jpg }} {{image |file=Aow-13.jpg | align=l |size=1000px |label= mouse over |caption=Aow-13.jpg }} {{image |file=Aow-14.jpg | align=l |size=1000px |label= mouse over |caption=Aow-14.jpg }} {{image |file=Aow-15.jpg | align=l |size=1000px |label= mouse over |caption=Aow-15.jpg }} {{image |file=Aow-16.jpg | align=l |size=1000px |label= mouse over |caption=Aow-16.jpg }} {{image |file=Aow-17.jpg | align=l |size=1000px |label= mouse over |caption=Aow-17.jpg }} {{image |file=Aow-18.jpg | align=l |size=1000px |label= mouse over |caption=Aow-18.jpg }} {{image |file=Aow-19.jpg | align=l |size=1000px |label= mouse over |caption=Aow-19.jpg }} {{image |file=Aow-20.jpg | align=l |size=1000px |label= mouse over |caption=Aow-20.jpg }} {{image |file=Aow-21.jpg | align=l |size=1000px |label= mouse over |caption=Aow-21.jpg }} {{image |file=Aow-23.jpg | align=l |size=1000px |label= mouse over |caption=John Basil Watmuff (Aow-23.jpg) }} {{image |file=Aow-27.jpg |align=l |size=1000px |label= mouse over |caption=John Maclen? [[Anscombe-138|John Aynescombe Ancombe]], Harry Clayton, [[Watmuff-30|Reg Watmuff]] -Aow-27.jpg }} {{image |file=Aow-28.jpg |align=l |size=1000px |label= mouse over |caption=Aow-28.jpg }} {{image |file=Aow-22.jpg | align=l |size=1000px |label=Aow-22.jpg |caption=Walter R. Watmuff }} {{image |file=Aow-26.jpg | align=l |size=1000px |label= Aow-26.jpg |caption=[[Thornton-8482|Rob Thornton]], about 1902 }} {{image |file=Aow-29.jpg | align=l |size=1000px |label= Aow-29.jpg |caption=[[Thornton-8482|Rob Thornton]], about 1902 }} {{image |file=Aow-30.jpg | align=l |size=1000px |label= mouse over |caption=Aow-30.jpg }} {{image |file=Aow-31.jpg | align=l |size=1000px |label= mouse over |caption=Aow-31.jpg }} {{image |file=Aow-32.jpg | align=l |size=1000px |label= mouse over |caption=Aow-32.jpg }} {{image |file=Aow-33.jpg | align=l |size=1000px |label= mouse over |caption=Aow-33.jpg }} {{image |file=Aow-34.jpg | align=l |size=1000px |label= mouse over |caption=Aow-34.jpg }} {{image |file=Aow-35.jpg | align=l |size=1000px |label= mouse over |caption=Aow-35.jpg }} {{image |file=Aow-36.jpg | align=l |size=1000px |label= mouse over |caption=Aow-26.jpg }} {{image |file=Aow-37.jpg | align=l |size=1000px |label= mouse over |caption=Aow-37.jpg }} {{image |file=Aow-38.jpg | align=l |size=1000px |label= mouse over |caption=Aow-38.jpg }} {{image |file=Aow-39.jpg | align=l |size=1000px |label= mouse over |caption=Aow-39.jpg }} {{image |file=Aow-40.jpg | align=l |size=1000px |label= mouse over |caption=Aow-40.jpg }} {{image |file=Aow-41.jpg | align=l |size=1000px |label= mouse over |caption=Aow-41.jpg }} {{image |file=Aow-42.jpg | align=l |size=1000px |label= mouse over |caption=Aow-42.jpg }} {{image |file=Aow-43.jpg | align=l |size=1000px |label= mouse over |caption=Aow-43.jpg }} {{image |file=Aow-44.jpg | align=l |size=1000px |label= mouse over |caption=Aow-44.jpg }} {{image |file=Aow-45.jpg | align=l |size=1000px |label= mouse over |caption=Aow-45.jpg }} {{image |file=Aow-46.jpg | align=l |size=1000px |label= mouse over |caption=Aow-46.jpg }} {{image |file=Aow-47.jpg |align=l |size=1000px |label= Aow-47.jpg |caption=[[Henderson-30872|Beatie Henderson]] }} {{image |file=Aow-48.jpg |align=l |size=1000px |label=Aow-48.jpg |caption=[[Henderson-30872|Beatie Henderson]] }} {{image |file=Aow-49.jpg | align=l |size=1000px |label= mouse over |caption=Aow-49.jpg }} {{image |file=Aow-50.jpg | align=l |size=1000px |label= mouse over |caption=Aow-50.jpg }} {{image |file=Aow-51.jpg | align=l |size=1000px |label= mouse over |caption=Aow-51.jpg }} {{image |file=Aow-52.jpg | align=l |size=1000px |label= mouse over |caption=Aow-52.jpg }} {{image |file=Aow-53.jpg | align=l |size=1000px |label= mouse over |caption=Aow-53.jpg }} {{image |file=Aow-54.jpg | align=l |size=1000px |label= mouse over |caption=Aow-54.jpg }} {{image |file=Aow-55.jpg | align=l |size=1000px |label= mouse over |caption=Aow-55.jpg }} {{image |file=Aow-56.jpg | align=l |size=1000px |label= Fr |caption=[[Moorehead-537|Frank Moorehead]] Aow-56.jpg }} {{image |file=Aow-57.jpg | align=l |size=1000px |label= mouse over |caption=Aow-57.jpg }} {{image |file=Aow-58.jpg | align=l |size=1000px |label= Aow-58.jpg |caption=Eric ?? and Edward Leslie Watmuff, 1909-12-14 }} {{image |file=Aow-59.jpg | align=l |size=1000px |label= Aow-59.jpg |caption=Eric ?? and Edward Leslie Watmuff, 1909-12-14 }} {{image |file=Aow-60.jpg | align=l |size=1000px |label= Aow-60.jpg |caption=Edward Leslie Watmuff, 1909-12-14 (20 years 10 months) }} {{image |file=Aow-61.jpg | align=l |size=1000px |label= Aow-61.jpg |caption=L to R: Sylvia Kitson, Pauline Cater,[[Thornton-8483|Rob. S. Thornton]], [[Howitt-57|Mrs. R. Cater (Phoebe)]] and [[Cater-918|babe]], old Mrs. Howett, (Phoebe Cater's mother) Peb Howett, [[Dove-2934|Tommy Dove]], old Mrs. (Bertha) Cater, and [[Cater-923|Rupert Cater]]. }} {{image |file=Aow-62.jpg | align=l |size=1000px |label=Aow-62.jpg |caption= Handwritten notes }} {{image |file=Aow-63.jpg | align=l |size=1000px |label= mouse over |caption=Aow-63.jpg }} {{image |file=Aow-64.jpg | align=l |size=1000px |label= Aow-64.jpg |caption=[[Woodhead-897|George Woodhead as Charley Spraggs]]. (Mildura, 1910-08-31) }} {{image |file=Aow-65.jpg | align=l |size=1000px |label= Aow-65.jpg |caption=signed for [[Watmuff-4|Olive Watmuff]], [[Woodhead-897|George Woodhead as Charley Spraggs]]. (Mildura, 1910-08-31) }} {{image |file=Aow-66.jpg | align=l |size=1000px |label= Aow-66.jpg |caption=1911: [[Watmuff-4|Olive Watmuff]]& Friends, Glenorchy, Tasmania }} {{image |file=Aow-67.jpg | align=l |size=1000px |label= Aow-67.jpg |caption=1911: [[Watmuff-4|Olive Watmuff]] & Friends, Glenorchy, Tasmania }} {{image |file=Aow-68.jpg | align=l |size=1000px |label= Aow-68.jpg |caption=1911: [[Watmuff-4|Olive Watmuff]] & Friends, Glenorchy, Tasmania }} {{image |file=Aow-69.jpg | align=l |size=1000px |label= Aow-69.jpg |caption=1911: [[Benson-6757|Charles Benson (Benny)]] to [[Watmuff-4|Olive Watmuff]] }} {{image |file=Aow-70.jpg | align=l |size=1000px |label= Aow-70.jpg |caption=1911: [[Benson-6757|Charles Benson (Benny)]] to [[Watmuff-4|Olive Watmuff]] }} {{image |file=Thornton-8483-10.jpg |align=l |size=1000px |label= Thornton-8483-10.jpg |caption=About 1911, Recreation Ground, Mildura, Victoria, Australia. In order Back row: [[Watmuff-29|Bert Watmuff]], [[Thornton-8483|R. S. Thornton]], [[Van_den_Berg-4066|Olive (Marie) Watmuff]], [[Watmuff-4|Olive Thornton]], Bill Wilks, [[Watmuff-28|Basil Watmuff]]. Front Row kneeling: [[Bond-9112|Harold Bond]], [[Watmuff-30|Reg Watmuff]]. }} {{image |file=Aow-71.jpg | align=l |size=1000px |label= Aow-71.jpg |caption=About 1911, Recreation Ground, Mildura, Victoria, Australia. In order Back row: [[Watmuff-29|Bert Watmuff]], [[Thornton-8483|R. S. Thornton]], [[Van_den_Berg-4066|Olive (Marie) Watmuff]], [[Watmuff-4|Olive Thornton]], Bill Wilks, [[Watmuff-28|Basil Watmuff]]. Front Row kneeling: [[Bond-9112|Harold Bond]], [[Watmuff-30|Reg Watmuff]] }} {{image |file=Aow-72.jpg | align=l |size=1000px |label= mouse over |caption=About 1911, Recreation Ground, Mildura, Victoria, Australia. In order Back row: [[Watmuff-29|Bert Watmuff]], [[Thornton-8483|R. S. Thornton]], [[Van_den_Berg-4066|Olive (Marie) Watmuff]], [[Watmuff-4|Olive Thornton]], Bill Wilks, [[Watmuff-28|Basil Watmuff]]. Front Row kneeling: [[Bond-9112|Harold Bond]], [[Watmuff-30|Reg Watmuff]]. }} {{image |file=Morrell-1546.jpg | align=l |size=1000px |label= Morrell-1546.jpg merged into Morrell-965 |caption=[[Morell-965|Ida Sturgess]] }} {{image |file=Morell-965.jpg | align=l |size=1000px |label= Morrell-1546.jpg merged into Morrell-965 |caption=[[Morell-965|Ida Sturgess]] }} {{image |file=Aow-74.jpg | align=l |size=1000px |label= mouse over |caption=Aow-74.jpg }} {{image |file=Aow-75.jpg | align=l |size=1000px |label= mouse over |caption=Aow-75.jpg }} {{image |file=Aow-76.jpg | align=l |size=1000px |label= mouse over |caption=Aow-76.jpg }} {{image |file=Aow-77.jpg | align=l |size=1000px |label= mouse over |caption=Aow-77.jpg }} {{image |file=Aow-78.jpg | align=l |size=1000px |label= mouse over |caption=Aow-78.jpg }} {{image |file=Aow-79.jpg | align=l |size=1000px |label= mouse over |caption=Aow-79.jpg {{image |file=Aow-80.jpg | align=l |size=1000px |label= mouse over |caption=Aow-80.jpg }} {{image 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Apellido Golláz - Golláz Surname
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Apellido hallado
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Apex Story
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Apollo and Timber
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Apollo–Soyuz Test Project
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Apolonia Kurkowska's Death Record Translations
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Appearances of W H Graham on the stage
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ApperD's Backgrounds
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Apperson/Epperson References in The Register of St. Peter's Parish, New Kent County, Va. 1680 to 1787
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APPERSON HARRIS TURNER FAMILY BIBLE
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Apple Tablecloth
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Applegates Listed in Stillwell's Genealogical Works
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Apples and Oranges
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Application by Henry Hopewell, son of John Hopewell, for a Virginia Bounty Land Warrant that may be entitled to the heirs of John Hopewell
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Application for the Southern Cross
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Application from Margaret Bayly's enslaved people to be registered free
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Application of Marion Alexander Williams for Identification as a Mississippi Choctaw
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Apportionment of sheep in North Ronaldsay in 1902
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Appraisal on the High Sea Quilt
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Appreciation Team: List of Tasks
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This is not a requirement. Some like to do this and others don't. It's up to your preference. ==Tasks== '''Looking for something to do? Here are some ideas (Please only have one Appreciation team member per task unless otherwise noted):''' * On {{G2G}}: Congratulating those who: ** Become a {{Tag Link|Wonderful WikiTreer}} '''Laura,''' '''Dieter,''' '''David,''' '''Marty,''' '''Dave,''' '''Gary''' ** Post New member introductions '''Laura,''' '''Andrea,''' '''David,''' '''Robert,''' '''Dave''' ** Post new photos {{Tag Link|photos}}'''Pip,''' '''Carrie,''' '''David,''' '''Marty'''(additional members for this post are welcome) ** Becoming a G2G pilot '''This task is covered by members of the Integrators Project''' ** Becoming a G2G astronaut '''This task is covered by members of the Integrators Project''' ** Nominated as Member of the week: '''Dieter''' * Thanking members who have joined projects, who have just signed the [[Special:Honor Code|Honor Code]], or given or received star badges: **[https://www.wikitree.com/index.php?title=Special:Badges&b=superstar Super Star] '''SJ''' ** [https://www.wikitree.com/index.php?title=Special:Badges&b=generous_red Generous Genealogist Red Star] '''Andrea''' ** [https://www.wikitree.com/index.php?title=Special:Badges&b=generous_blue Generous Genealogist Blue Star] '''Kylie''' ** [https://www.wikitree.com/index.php?title=Special:Badges&b=generous_green Generous Genealogist Green Star]'''Andrea''' ** [https://www.wikitree.com/index.php?title=Special:Badges&b=family Family Star] '''Andrea,''' '''Chris''' ** [https://www.wikitree.com/index.php?title=Special:Badges&b=community Community Star] '''Robert''' **[https://www.wikitree.com/index.php?title=Special:Badges&b=pre_1500 Pre-1500 certification] '''This task is covered by members of an other Project''' **[https://www.wikitree.com/index.php?title=Special:Badges&b=pre_1700 Pre-1700 certification] '''This task is covered by members of the Greeter Project''' **[[Special:Honor_Code|Signers of Honor Code]] '''This task is covered by members of the Greeter Project''' * Thanking members who have participated in challenges. ** The Big Challenges (CAT, SAT, CNAT, SCAT) '''Pip''' ** Monthly LDS Challenge ** Monthly Sourcerers Challenge '''Carrie''' ** Weekly Sourcerers Sprints Challenge '''Alex''' ** Monthly Integrator Challenge '''Dorothy,''' '''David''' ** Monthly Connectors Challenge ** Monthly Biography Builders '''Janet''' ** Weekly Data Doctor Challenges '''Janet''' ** Cemetery Challenge (Does not run regularly) ** Dutch Roots Challenge (Does not run regularly) ** Surname Spotlight Challenge (Is this still active?) ** Military Challenge (Does not run regularly) ** Weekly Challenge '''Gary''' * Floater (appreciate hard work on a regular basis as you come across it during your own work) '''Emma,''' '''Andrea''', '''Sally''', '''Linda''', '''Lula''' * Pick a Surname that is important to you and thank people adding contributions to that surname. Use the [https://www.wikitree.com/index.php?title=Special:NetworkFeed&surname=Smith&showall=1 Surname Feed] to see contributions for the surname you choose. ** '''Alicia''' Taylor - Armstrong, Bonner, Crooke, Harding, Henderson, Inglett ** '''Andrea'''- '''Farley''' '''Harvey''' '''Lilly''' '''Pack''' '''WWIIKIA''' ** '''Dorothy''' - Barry, Cavanaugh, Laflamme, Taft ** '''Emma''' - Van Orden, Zornes, MacBeath ** '''Janet''' - Cassidy, Carr, Langridge, Yates and Wild ** '''Kylie''' Haese -McGuire, Haese, Gorman, Bispham, Coppin, Winterborne ** '''Laura''' - DeSpain, Skaggs, Gilliland, Ray, Cribb ** '''Mary''' - Robertsons, Thomas, Simmons, Merry, Brent ** '''Nan''' - Bandy, Dygert ** '''Sjana''' - Buckner, Carter, Dreyer, Edwards, McLeod ** '''Steve''' - Davies, Ward, Kibble, Hough, Hurcombe, Priday ** '''Veni''' - Joiner, Joyner ** '''Veronica''' - Coat, Cassidy and Britton ** '''Dieter''' - Lewerenz, Reher, Grabow ** '''Deb Gunther''' - Paine, Payne, Carey ** '''Carrie''' - Linstrom, Vampola, Mares, Severyn, Divis, Golden, Weinfurtner and Stock ** '''Stuart''' - Aubrey, Awbrey, Hudspeth, Lawhon **''' Sally''' - Stovall, Stowell, Densmore, Dinsmore
Approximating the Center of the Global Tree
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April 2024 RAWKERS
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April Nichols To-Do List
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APRIL SANDBOX MYSTERY
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April Soldiers
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April's Find Historical Books Links
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April's Sandbox
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Aquila Ladouceur - Yvette Greff
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Aquilla Cart Whitacre
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Arabella Jane (Mitchell) Mills' Photo Album
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Arabic language
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ISLAND.GIF
Aradale Mental Hospital
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Entered by [[Allison-1080 | PHLGenepool]] :[http://www.aradaleghosttours.com.au/history.php Website] http://www.thisishorror.co.uk/columns/antipodean-nights/australias-most-terrifying-and-haunted-places-victoria/ :http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aradale_Mental_Hospital http://www.wikitree.com/photo.php/e/e1/Photos-1-22.jpg]
Aram
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ARANETA FAMILY TREE
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Arantes Surname in Brazil
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Arbogametodister
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Arbol de letras
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Árbol Errázuriz parcial
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Arborist Project Approved Merges
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Arborist Skills
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See also:
[[Space:Arborists_Project_-_Arborists_Skills_Team|Arborists Skills Stage 1]]
[[Project:Arborists/New_Arborists|Information for New Arborists]]
[[Project:Arborists/Helpful_Links|Arborists Helpful Links]]
== Merging Skills - Merging == 1. Before proposing a merge: *Do a thorough search for other potential duplicates, including surname lists by Date Order and Alpha Order, searching potential alternative surnames and searching under the name of a spouse or child. *Check the biographies and sources on both profiles and add any key sources that you can find that fit with the existing profiles. Add a possible source to Research Notes, for the review of the PMs. **''Important:'' Do not change any information that is currently on the status indicators or within the biography of either profile. *If you are unable to find relevant sources, post to the profile asking the PMs if they have any sources they are able to add to the profile and specifying any particular sources that are being sought (eg a source confirming preferred LNAB) *''Merging duplicate or multiple lines:''
**Propose merges starting from the earliest generation. **If necessary, take it step by step, and review the next step as the previous merges are completed. *''Proposing merges of profiles on a privacy level:''
**Even if the merge is approved by representatives of each profile, the merge can only be completed by someone who is on at least the trusted list of both profiles. 2. When proposing the merge: * Add a clear comment explaining why the two profiles seem to be duplicates * If the LNABs are different, comment on the preferred LNAB or note if sources are required to clarify the preferred LNAB. * Note any discrepancies in information and explain that alternative birth, death or marriage details can be added to the bio if no sources found to confirm correct information. 2. If the merge you proposed is completed: *Navigate to the completed merge and confirm that the merge was completed correctly and the biography has been integrated. **Fix up the biography if this is required to avoid an 811 DB error. 3. If the merge you proposed is rejected: *Navigate to the two profiles and review the comment about why the merge was rejected and the sources clarifying this. *If not satisfied that the merge was correctly rejected, communicate with the person who rejected the merge, and ask for any additional relevant sources to be added to the profile. If necessary do further research yourself and add any relevant sources. *If the evidence still suggests that the profiles are duplicates, repropose the merge, outlining any additional evidence found and asking that if it is still considered that the profiles are not duplicates, that they provide valid sources to justify this. *If the merge is rejected a second time, consult with the Arborist liaison for the relevant project, and/or post to the Arborists Google Group. 4. If the merge you proposed is set as an unmerged match: *Navigate to the two profiles and review. *Do further research and add any relevant sources. If it is clear that the merge should proceed or be rejected, either repropose the merge or reject the match. *If the research is difficult and it is unclear whether to profiles are duplicates or not, add the profiles to the 'Unmerged Match needs research' maintenance category. === Using the Browse Matches Tool === The pending merges tab is located on the ‘Find’ menu on the top RHS of any profile page, and will bring up the Browse Matches Tool. Take the time to explore this, as it is an indispensable tool for the Arborist. The ‘All Pending Merges’ link, set to ‘most recently added’ is a valuable feed for monitoring new merges that are proposed. The 'Pending Merges Initiated by Me' link, gives the merges that you have proposed that have not yet been completed. You can see on that list whether a person from each profile has approved the proposed merge and otherwise when it is default approved and ready to be completed. === LNABs / merging several duplicates with different LNABs / Project Protection === LNABs can be complex. Our goal as Arborists is to do the best we can to ensure that profiles are consistently merged in to the most appropriate LNAB. So: *When proposing any merge, always consider if the LNAB is supported by sources. If you determine it is appropriate to amend the LNAB, ensure that the amended profile clearly documents the source indicating that preferred LNAB, or add an explanation to Research Notes, explaining why in this situation, the LNAB is the preferred one. *If the LNAB is different to either of the LNABs on the profiles, or is Unknown, then edit the profile of one of the profiles to the preferred LNAB, then merge the other profile into the revised LNAB. **''Note:''You will need to be on the Trusted List of a profile to edit the LNAB. *Always consult with the Arborist Project Google Group or Project Liaison, if determining the appropriate LNAB is outside your range of expertise. *If still in doubt, post a question to the G2G to get advice from the WikiTree community.
*For profiles that are Project Protected, you can only merge into the Project Protected LNAB and Wiki-ID. If you consider that the merge direction may need to be reversed, post to the Arborist project google group for further assistance. See also: * [[Help:Correcting_a_Last_Name_at_Birth|Correcting a Last Name at Birth]] * [[Help:Name_Fields|Name Fields and Usage Guidelines]] * [[Help:Project_Protecting_and_Merging|Project Protecting and Merging]]
Arborists Project - Arborists Skills Team
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Arborists Project - Duplicate Errors Team
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Arborists Project Unmerged Matches
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Arbourhill
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Arbroath signers
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(1289- 1353) | width="40%" style="border:1px solid #BBB" align="center"| |- | style="border:1px solid #BBB" align="center"|'''Thomas Ranulphi, Comes Morauie, dominus Mannie et Vallis Anandie''' | style="border:1px solid #BBB" align="center"| '''[[Randolph-192|Thomas Randolph, Earl of Moray]], lord of Man and of Annandale * [[Wikipedia: Thomas_Randolph,_1st_Earl_of_Moray|Thomas Randolph, 1st Earl of Moray]]'''
(c. 1275-1332) | style="border:1px solid #BBB" align="center"| |- | style="border:1px solid #BBB" align="center"|'''Patricius de Dumbar, Comes Marchie''' | style="border:1px solid #BBB" align="center"| '''[[Dunbar-219|Patrick V, 8th Earl of March]] * [[Wikipedia: Patrick_V,_Earl_of_March|Patrick V, Earl of March]]'''
(c. 1285-1368) | style="border:1px solid #BBB" align="center"| |- | style="border:1px solid #BBB" align="center"|'''Malisius, Comes de Stratheryne''' | style="border:1px solid #BBB" align="center"| '''[[Strathearn-32|Malise Strathearn]] * [[Wikipedia:Maol Íosa IV, Earl of Strathearn|Malise, Earl of Strathearn]] '''
(c. 1270- 1330) | style="border:1px solid #BBB" align="center"| |- | style="border:1px solid #BBB" align="center"|'''Malcolmus, Comes de Leuenax''' | style="border:1px solid #BBB" align="center"| '''[[Lennox-44|Malcolm, Earl of Lennox ]],* [[Wikipedia:Maol Choluim II, Earl of Lennox|Malcolm, Earl of Lennox]]'''
(c.1270- 1333) | style="border:1px solid #BBB" align="center"| |- | style="border:1px solid #BBB" align="center"|'''Willelmus, Comes de Ross''' | style="border:1px solid #BBB" align="center"| '''[[ Ross-557 |William Earl of Ross ]]* [[Wikipedia:Uilleam II, Earl of Ross|William, Earl of Ross]] '''
(c.1265 -1323) | style="border:1px solid #BBB" align="center"| |- | style="border:1px solid #BBB" align="center"|'''Magnus, Comes Cathanie et Orkadie''' | style="border:1px solid #BBB" align="center"| '''[[Jonsson-4245|Magnus Jonsson]]* [[Wikipedia:Magnús_Jónsson,_Earl_of_Orkney| Magnús Jónsson, Earl of Orkney]] '''
(c.1270- c.1330 ) | style="border:1px solid #BBB" align="center"| |- | style="border:1px solid #BBB" align="center"|'''Willelmus, Comes Suthirlandie''' | style="border:1px solid #BBB" align="center"| '''[[Moravia-10| William de Moravia]] - * [[Wikipedia:William de Moravia, 3rd Earl of Sutherland|William de Moravia, Earl of Sutherland]]'''
(c.1240-1325) | style="border:1px solid #BBB" align="center"| |- | style="border:1px solid #BBB" align="center"|'''Walterus, Senescallus Scotie''' | style="border:1px solid #BBB" align="center"| '''[[ Stewart-980|Walter Stewart]]* [[Wikipedia:Walter Stewart, 6th High Steward of Scotland|Walter, High Steward of Scotland]]'''
(1292-1327) | style="border:1px solid #BBB" align="center"| |- | style="border:1px solid #BBB" align="center"|'''Willelmus de Soules, Buttelarius Scotie''' | style="border:1px solid #BBB" align="center"| '''[[Wikipedia:William II de Soules|William de Soules]], of Liddesdale and Butler of Scotland '''
(c.1260-1321) | style="border:1px solid #BBB" align="center"| |- | style="border:1px solid #BBB" align="center"|'''Jacobus, Dominus de Duglas''' | style="border:1px solid #BBB" align="center"| '''[[Douglas-396|Sir James Douglas]]* [[Wikipedia:James Douglas, of Douglas|Sir James Douglas]], Lord of Douglas'''
(c.1285-1330) | style="border:1px solid #BBB" align="center"| |- | style="border:1px solid #BBB" align="center"|'''Rogerus de Moubray''' | style="border:1px solid #BBB" align="center"| '''[[Wikipedia:Roger de Mowbray (d. 1320)|Roger de Mowbray]], Standard Bearer of Scotland'''
(c.1270-1320) | style="border:1px solid #BBB" align="center"| |- | style="border:1px solid #BBB" align="center"|'''Dauid, Dominus de Brechyn''' | style="border:1px solid #BBB" align="center"| '''[[Brechin-7 |Sir David Lord of Brechin]]* [[Wikipedia:David,_Lord_of_Brechin |David, Lord of Brechin]]'''
(c. 1280 - 1320) | style="border:1px solid #BBB" align="center"| |- | style="border:1px solid #BBB" align="center"|'''Dauid de Graham''' | style="border:1px solid #BBB" align="center"| '''[[Graham-3488|Sir David de Graham]]* [[Wikipedia:David_de_Graham_of_Kincardine |David of Graham (Kincardineshire)]]'''
(c. 1270 - 1327) | style="border:1px solid #BBB" align="center"| |- | style="border:1px solid #BBB" align="center"|'''Ingeramus de Vmfrauille''' | style="border:1px solid #BBB" align="center"| '''[[Wikipedia:Ingram_de_Umfraville |Ingram de Umfraville]]'''
(c.1260 - 1325) | style="border:1px solid #BBB" align="center"| |- | style="border:1px solid #BBB" align="center"|'''Johannes de Menetethe custos comitatus de Menetethe''' | style="border:1px solid #BBB" align="center"| '''[[ Stewart-13721|John de Menteith]]* [[Wikipedia:John_de_Menteith| John de Menteith]], guardian of the earldom of Menteith'''
(c.1275-c.1330) | style="border:1px solid #BBB" align="center"| |- | style="border:1px solid #BBB" align="center"|'''Alexander Fraser''' | style="border:1px solid #BBB" align="center"| ''' [[Fraser-72|Lord Alexander Fraser]] * [[Wikipedia:Alexander_Fraser_of_Touchfraser_and_Cowie |Alexander Fraser]], of Touchfraser and Cowie'''
(c.1275 - 1332) | style="border:1px solid #BBB" align="center"| |- | style="border:1px solid #BBB" align="center"|'''Gilbertus de Haya, constabularius Scotie''' | style="border:1px solid #BBB" align="center"| '''[[ Hay-3116|Gilbert de la Hay]]* [[Wikipedia: Gilbert_de_la_Hay | Gilbert de la Hay]], Constable of Scotland'''
(c.1275 - 1333) | style="border:1px solid #BBB" align="center"| |- | style="border:1px solid #BBB" align="center"|'''Robertus de Keth, Marescallus Scotie''' | style="border:1px solid #BBB" align="center"| '''[[Keith-393| Robert Keith]]* [[Wikipedia:Robert II Keith, Marischal of Scotland|Robert Keith, Marischal of Scotland]]'''
(c.1275-1332) | style="border:1px solid #BBB" align="center"| |- | style="border:1px solid #BBB" align="center"|'''Henricus de Sancto Claro''' | style="border:1px solid #BBB" align="center"| '''[[Sinclair-364| Henry St Clair]]* [[Wikipedia:Henry St Clair|Henry St Clair]], of Rosslyn'''
(c.1275- c.1335) | style="border:1px solid #BBB" align="center"| |- | style="border:1px solid #BBB" align="center"|'''Johannes de Graham''' | style="border:1px solid #BBB" align="center"| '''[[Graham-15797|John de Graham]]* [[Wikipedia:John de Graham (d. 1337)|John de Graham]], Lord of Dalkeith, Abercorn & Eskdale'''
(c. 1275 -1337) | style="border:1px solid #BBB" align="center"| |- | style="border:1px solid #BBB" align="center"|'''Dauid de Lindesay''' | style="border:1px solid #BBB" align="center"| '''[[Lindsay-148|David LIndsay]]* [[Wikipedia:David_Lindsay_of_Crawford| David Lindsay]], of Crawford'''
(c.1295 - 1355) | style="border:1px solid #BBB" align="center"| |- | style="border:1px solid #BBB" align="center"|'''Willelmus Olifaunt''' | style="border:1px solid #BBB" align="center"| '''[[Wikipedia:William Oliphant, Lord of Aberdalgie|William Oliphant]], of Aberdalgie and Dupplin'''
(c.1270 -1329) | style="border:1px solid #BBB" align="center"| |- | style="border:1px solid #BBB" align="center"|'''Patricius de Graham''' | style="border:1px solid #BBB" align="center"| '''[[Wikipedia:Patrick_de_Graham_of_Lovat |Patrick de Graham]], of Lovat'''
(c.1280 - c.1330) | style="border:1px solid #BBB" align="center"| |- | style="border:1px solid #BBB" align="center"|'''Johannes de Fentoun''' | style="border:1px solid #BBB" align="center"| ''' [[Fenton-2348|John de Fenton]]* [[Wikipedia:John de Fenton|John de Fenton]], of Baikie and Beaufort'''
(c.1280 -c.1325) | style="border:1px solid #BBB" align="center"| |- | style="border:1px solid #BBB" align="center"|'''Willelmus de Abirnithy''' | style="border:1px solid #BBB" align="center"| '''[[Abernethy-40|William de Abernethy]]* [[Wikipedia:William de Abernethy, 2nd Baron of Saltoun|William de Abernethy]], of Saltoun'''
(c.1270-c.1325 ) | style="border:1px solid #BBB" align="center"| |- | style="border:1px solid #BBB" align="center"|'''Dauid de Wemys''' | style="border:1px solid #BBB" align="center"| '''[[Wemyss-14|David Wemyss]]* [[Wikipedia:David Wemyss (d. 1332)|David Wemyss]] of Wemyss'''
(c.1270-c.1332 ) | style="border:1px solid #BBB" align="center"| |- | style="border:1px solid #BBB" align="center"|'''Willelmus de Montefixo''' | style="border:1px solid #BBB" align="center"|'''[[Montfichet-8|William Mushet]], of Montefix'''
(sometime Justitiario Scotiae) | style="border:1px solid #BBB" align="center"| |- | style="border:1px solid #BBB" align="center"|'''Fergusius de Ardrossane''' | style="border:1px solid #BBB" align="center"| '''Fergus of Ardrossan'''
(not yet studied ) | style="border:1px solid #BBB" align="center"| |- | style="border:1px solid #BBB" align="center"|'''Eustachius de Maxwell''' | style="border:1px solid #BBB" align="center"| '''[[Maxwell-988|SIr Eustace Maxwell, of Caerlaverock]]*'''
(c1285 - 1342 ) | style="border:1px solid #BBB" align="center"| |- | style="border:1px solid #BBB" align="center"|'''Willelmus de Ramesay''' | style="border:1px solid #BBB" align="center"| '''[[DeRamsay-1|William Ramsay]]* of Dalhousie'''
(c1270 to 1320 ) | style="border:1px solid #BBB" align="center"| |- | style="border:1px solid #BBB" align="center"|'''Willelmus de Montealto''' | style="border:1px solid #BBB" align="center"| '''[[Wikipedia:William de Monte Alto (d.1327)|William (Mowat)]], de Monte Alto '''
(c.1270-c.1327 ) | style="border:1px solid #BBB" align="center"| |- | style="border:1px solid #BBB" align="center"|'''Alanus de Morauia''' | style="border:1px solid #BBB" align="center"| '''Alan Murray, of Culbin'''
(not yet studied ) | style="border:1px solid #BBB" align="center"| |- | style="border:1px solid #BBB" align="center"|'''Douenaldus Cambell''' | style="border:1px solid #BBB" align="center"| '''[[Campbell-1030|Donald Campbell]]* [[Wikipedia:Domhnall mac Cailein|Donald Campbell]], of Benderloch'''
(c.1270-c.1330 ) | style="border:1px solid #BBB" align="center"| |- | style="border:1px solid #BBB" align="center"|'''Johannes Cambrun''' | style="border:1px solid #BBB" align="center"| '''[[De_Cambrun-2 | John Cameron]]*'''
(not yet studied ) | style="border:1px solid #BBB" align="center"| |- | style="border:1px solid #BBB" align="center"|'''Reginaldus le Chen''' | style="border:1px solid #BBB" align="center"| '''[[Le_Cheyne-1|Reginald le Cheyne]]* [[Wikipedia:Reginald le Chen (d.1345)|Reginald le Chen]], of Inverugie and Duffus'''
(c.1270-c.1345 ) | style="border:1px solid #BBB" align="center"| |- | style="border:1px solid #BBB" align="center"|'''Alexander de Setoun''' | style="border:1px solid #BBB" align="center"| '''[[Seton-206|Sir Alexander Seton]]* [[Wikipedia:Alexander Seton (Governor of Berwick)|Alexander Seton]]'''
(c.1290-c.1340 ) | style="border:1px solid #BBB" align="center"| |- | style="border:1px solid #BBB" align="center"|'''Andreas de Lescelyne''' | style="border:1px solid #BBB" align="center"| '''[[Leslie-687|Andrew Leslie]], * of that Ilk'''
(c.1280-c.1324 ) | style="border:1px solid #BBB" align="center"| [[Straiton-4|Doug Straiton]] |- | style="border:1px solid #BBB" align="center"|'''Alexander de Stratoun''' | style="border:1px solid #BBB" align="center"| '''[[Stratton-2220| Alexander Straton, of that Ilk]]*'''
(c1250 - c1320 ) | style="border:1px solid #BBB" align="center"| [[Straiton-4|Doug Straiton]] |} The following are those Nobles that do not appear in the text of the letter but "signed" it by appending their Seals. {|class="wikitable" width="100%" style="border:1px solid #BBB" | align="center" colspan="3"| '''Nobility Appending their Seal''' |- ! Name (Used in Text) ! Name (Anglisised) ! Sponsor |- | style="border:1px solid #BBB" colspan="3" | |- | width="40%" style="border:1px solid #BBB" align="center"| '''Alanus de Kalantyr''' | width="40%" style="border:1px solid #BBB" align="center"|'''Alan de Callander'''
(not yet studied ) | width="20%" style="border:1px solid #BBB" align="center"| |- | style="border:1px solid #BBB" align="center"|'''Johannes de Inchmartin''' | style="border:1px solid #BBB" align="center"| '''John Inchmartin, of that Ilk'''
(not yet studied) | style="border:1px solid #BBB" align="center"| |- | style="border:1px solid #BBB" align="center"| | style="border:1px solid #BBB" align="center"| '''Alexander Lamberton'''
(not yet studied) | style="border:1px solid #BBB" align="center"| |- | style="border:1px solid #BBB" align="center"| '''Thomas de Meneris''' assumed to be | style="border:1px solid #BBB" align="center"| '''Thomas Menzies, of Fortingall'''
(not yet studied) | style="border:1px solid #BBB" align="center"| |- | style="border:1px solid #BBB" align="center"| | style="border:1px solid #BBB" align="center"| '''[[Morham-2|Thomas de Morham]] * Thomas Morham'''
(not yet studied) | style="border:1px solid #BBB" align="center"| |- | style="border:1px solid #BBB" align="center"| | style="border:1px solid #BBB" align="center"| '''Roger Mowat'''
(not yet studied) | style="border:1px solid #BBB" align="center"| |- | style="border:1px solid #BBB" align="center"| | style="border:1px solid #BBB" align="center"| '''[[Keith-1588|Edward de Keith]] * [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edward_Keith Edward Keith, then of Synton]'''
(c. 1285-1346) | style="border:1px solid #BBB" align="center"| |- | style="border:1px solid #BBB" align="center"|Seal thought to read Martini ...bel [?Martin Campbell] | style="border:1px solid #BBB" align="center"| '''Martin Campbell'''
(not yet studied) | style="border:1px solid #BBB" align="center"| |- | style="border:1px solid #BBB" align="center"| David de Graham | style="border:1px solid #BBB" align="center"| '''David Graham'''
(not yet studied) | style="border:1px solid #BBB" align="center"| |- | style="border:1px solid #BBB" align="center"| | style="border:1px solid #BBB" align="center"| '''John Duraunt'''
(not yet studied) | style="border:1px solid #BBB" align="center"| |}
Arbuthnot - archived Kittybrewster site on Wayback
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'''See step-by-step instruction tutorial with pictures (of course)''' '''[https://www.wikitree.com/index.php?title=Space:Profile_Improvement:_How_to_Add_an_Image_to_a_Profile&public=1 HERE]'''. #'''In-Text:''' Preferred method for improving profiles: Paste image insert code into profile text. Code:
Images_Landing_Page-7.jpg |[[Image: Images_Landing_Page-8.jpg|160px]] Images_Landing_Page-8.jpg |[[Image: Images_Landing_Page-11.jpg|160px]] Images_Landing_Page-11.jpg |[[Image: Arbuthnot_Archives_Project_Images.jpg|200px]] Arbuthnot Tartan
Arbuthnot_Archives_Project_Images.jpg |- |- |[[Image: Images_Landing_Page-9.jpg|100px]] Pharmacopoeia Edinburgensis
Images_Landing_Page-9.jpg |[[Image:Images_Landing_Page-10.jpg|180px]] Images_Landing_Page-10.jpg |[[Image: Images_Landing_Page-13.jpg|100px]] Images_Landing_Page-13.jpg |[[Image: Images_Landing_Page-12.jpg|100px]] Grey Damask
Images_Landing_Page-12.jpg |- |- |empty filename |[[Image: Images_Landing_Page-14.jpg|160px]] Images_Landing_Page-14.jpg |[[Image: Images_Landing_Page-17.jpg|100px]] Images_Landing_Page-17.jpg |[[Image:Joelle_s_Backgrounds-75.jpg|100px]] Med. Blue Damask
Joelle_s_Backgrounds-75.jpg |- |- |empty filename |empty filename |[[Image:Images_Landing_Page-18.jpg|100px]] Images_Landing_Page-18.jpg |empty filename |- |- |empty filename |empty filename |empty filename |empty filename |- |- |empty filename |empty filename |empty filename |empty filename |- |- |empty filename |empty filename |empty filename |empty filename |- |- |empty filename |empty filename |empty filename |empty filename |- |-} ---- '''Citing Photographs:''' Easy [https://www.bibme.org/citation-guide/mla/photograph/ Formatting]: just copy, and add to ''Image description'' box. Edit to reflect actual source information. Suggested [https://creativecommons.org/licenses/ Creative Commons Licenses] for sharing your photographs or family memorabilia images: (if desired) :*[https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ CC BY-NC-SA]: This license lets others remix, adapt, and build upon your work non-commercially, as long as they credit you and license their new creations under the identical terms. ::*To apply, copy/paste the following into ''Image Description'' box after source when uploading image:
Arbuthnot CheckList
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Arcadia Publishing Indexes
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Arcadian
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Archibald Caraway
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In this case, it appearing to the satisfaction of the Court, that Sanders Taylor, William Green and Mary his wife, Joseph Boggan and Sarah his wife, Laban and Edwin Caraway reside without the limits of the State, it is therefore Ordered, that publication be made for three months in the ''Carolina Observer'' that unless the said Sanders Taylor, William Green and Mary his wife, Joseph Boggan and Sarah his wife, Laban and Edwin Caraway, appear at our next County Court of Pleas and Quarters, to be held for the county of Anson, at the Court House in Wadesborough, on the second Monday in July next, and then and there to plead, answer or demure to the said petition, otherwise judgment will be taken pro confesso.===[https://www.newspapers.com/clip/10737093/settlement_of_estate_tristam_caraway/ Settlement of estate for Tristam Caraway] 1846=== :State of North Carolina :Anson County : Court of Pleas and Quarter Sessions, October Term, 1846 :: : James C. Caraway, William T. Caraway, Thomas J. Polk,Thomas Polk, son of [[Polk-415|Andrew Polk]] and [[Caraway-64|Colin Caraway]] and others :::vs : Joseph Burch,Mother: [[Thomas-25994|Elizabeth Thomas]] from first marriage to Joseph Burch, Jr. See: {{FindAGrave|13031282}} [[Boggan-24|Adm'r Joseph Boggan]] and wife [[Caraway-65|Sarah]], [[Hemby-60|Noah B. Hemby]] and wife [[Caraway-66|Louisa]], [[Barber-2463|Moses Barber]] and wife [[Caraway-60|Thetis]], [[Caraway-70|Laban]], [[Caraway-62|Edwin]], [[Caraway-48|Calvin]], John, Taylor, and [[Caraway-63|Ellis Caraway]], James Sinclair and wife Mary, Wm. Zimmerman and wife Sarah, Edward Burch, John Haselton and wife Eliza, and Elizabeth Caraway.Elizabeth Caraway, Archibald's daughter by 2nd wife, born after 1821 and of age at the time of Tristam's death in 1843 ::Petition for Settlement of estate of Tristam T. Caraway. :: Witness, [[Boggan-19|Norfleet D. Boggan]], Clerk of our said Court, at Office, the 2d Monday of October, A. D. 1846, and the 70th year of American Independence. ==Sources==
Witness, William Dismukes, Clerk of our said Court at Office, the second Monday of April, A. D. 1830 and 54th year of our Independence.
Archibald Clendenning Jr. Death
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Archibald Glendenning of Westerkirk to Amanda (Moyer) Torrey
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Archibald Glendinning to Mary
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Archiv fur Sippenforschung und alle verwandten Geb
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Archive Flying Dutchmen - Connect-a-Thon teampage
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Archive Liberation Day Challenge
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Liberation Day Challenge | |||||||||||||||||||
'''Year''' | '''Total points''' | '''Participants''' | '''First Place''' | '''Second Place''' | '''Third Place''' | ||||||||||||||
'''2018''' | 498 | 8 | [[Van_Hout-28|Eef van Hout]] - 188 | [[Stuivenberg-2|Enoch Stuivenberg]] - 75 | [[Beers-813|Margreet Beers]] - 75 | ||||||||||||||
'''2019''' | 658 | 12 | [[Van_Hout-28|Eef van Hout]] - 160 | [[Van_Belzen-1|Joop van Belzen]] - 124 | [[Oosterwal-2|Erik Oosterwal]] - 87 | ||||||||||||||
'''2020''' | 709 | 21 | [[Van_Hout-28|Eef van Hout]] - 114 | [[Van_der_Velde-373|Elsa van der Velde]] - 103 | [[Dagevos-21|Carolina (Dagevos) Millin]] - 94 | ||||||||||||||
'''2021''' | 1437 | 21 | [[Hollander-196|Joan Hollander]] - 362 | [[Dagevos-21|Carolina (Dagevos) Millin]] - 319 | [[Van_Hout-28|Eef van Hout]] - 275 |
WALL OF LIBERATION DAY WIKITREEFAME
2020
1 May 2020 - 5 May 2020: '''[https://www.wikitree.com/g2g/1027630/the-5de-drp-bevrijdingsdag-liberation-challenge-2020-closed?start=40#a_list_title The 5de!!DRP Bevrijdingsdag/Liberation Day Challenge 2020!]'''We will be sourcing, connecting and adding sourced family of 5 (because this is our 5th liberation challenge!) brave Dutch liberators of World War II who deserve a wonderful profile at WT:
[[Beelaerts_van_Blokland-1| Jan Beelaerts van Blokland]]
[[Brandon-2113|Ellis Brandon]]
[[Broekman-157|Emmy Broekman]]
[[Jonker-691|Eddy Jonker]]
[[De_Ruijter_van_Steveninck-1|Albert de Ruijter van Steveninck]]
[[Tazelaar-11|Peter Tazelaar]]
All have a wonderful well sourced profile and are connected to WikiTree now thanks all members that joined the challenge ! Thanks everyone !
'''THE WINNERS of this challenge are:''' # [[Van Hout-28|Eef van Hout]] [https://plus.wikitree.com/Challenges/DutchRootsLibertyChallenge/User.htm Most contributions] :) # [[Van der Velde-373|Elsa L. van der Velde]] # [[Dagevos-21|Carolina E. Dagevos aka Millin]] [[Molier-3|B.W.J Mollier]] made the most connections
2019
2 May - 8 May 2019: '''[https://www.wikitree.com/g2g/820453/dutch-roots-project-annual-liberation-challenge-2019-closed Dutch Roots Annual Liberation Day Challenge 2019]'''Challenge: Voeg zoveel mogelijk familieleden met bronnen toe van en verbindt aan WikiTree drie WO-II, zeer belangrijke maar nog te onbekende verzetstrijders - Add as much as possible familly with sources and connect to main WikiTree three WWII resistance fighters:
[[Meijer-895|Truus Meijer]]
[[Van_der_Veen-533|Gerrit Jan van der Veen]]
[[Zwartendijk-1|Jan Zwartendijk]] All are connected to WikiTree now thanks all members that joined the challenge ! Thanks everyone !
'''THE WINNERS of this challenge are''':
#[[Van Hout-28|Eef van Hout]] [https://plus.wikitree.com/Challenges/DutchRootsLibertyChallenge/User.htm most contributions] :)
#[[Oosterwal-2|Erik Oosterwal]] connected the first profile to WikiTree :)
#[[Van der Velde-373|Elsa van der Velde]] veelbelovend/most promising challenge talent :)
2018
5 May - 8 May 2018: '''[https://www.wikitree.com/g2g/603049/dutch-roots-project-annual-liberation-challenge-please-join The Dutch Roots Project Annual Liberation Challenge - 2018 Year of Resistance; The Resistance as Example/Het Verzet als Voorbeeld]'''Challenge: Voeg zoveel mogelijk familieleden met bronnen toe van en verbindt aan WikiTree drie WO-II, zeer belangrijke maar nog te onbekende verzetstrijders - Add as much as possible familly with sources and connect to WikiTree three WWII , very important but hardly known, resistance fighters: [[Van_Hall-11|Walraven van Hall]], [[Van_den_Bosch-220|Iman Jacob van den Bosch]] and [[Buijs-187|Jacob Buijs]].
Een fantastische opkomst, geweldige resultaten - A fantastic attendance, great results! 13 deelnemers/participations; 8 namen actief deel/8 actively participated met een totale score van bijna '''500 bronnen''' toegevoegd/with a total score of almost '''500 sources''' added.
Twee van de drie profielen/Two of the three profiles, [[Van_Hall-11|Walraven van Hall]] and [[Van_den_Bosch-220|Iman Jacob van den Bosch]] zijn connected aan onze Tree/were contected to our Tree!
'''The WINNERS:'''
# Onze geweldige winnaar met een giga hoge [https://plus.wikitree.com/Challenges/DutchRootsLibertyChallenge/User.htm score]/Our wonderful Winner with an gigantic high [https://plus.wikitree.com/Challenges/DutchRootsLibertyChallenge/User.htm score] was '''[[Van_Hout-28|Eef van Hout]]!!''' Zij voegde bijna 40% van de bronnen toe/She added almost 40% of the sources. Whoop-whoop!
# Tweede plaats/Second place: [[Stuivenberg-2|Enoch Stuivenberg]]. # Derde plaats/Third place: [[Beers-813|Margreet Beers]].
[[Timmerman-225|Bea Wijma]], our leader, connected the first of the three resitance fighters. So she is the Connection winner! ;-)
Gefeliciteerd allemaal/Congrats all! Dank voor het deelnemen en we hopen dat je er de volgende keer ook weer bij bent!/Thank you for having you and we hope to see you next time again.
2017
5-10 May 2017: '''[https://www.wikitree.com/g2g/388089/join-may-dutch-roots-liberation-day-bevrijdingdag-challenge Dutch Roots Liberation-Bevrijdingsdag Challenge - Perles de résistance - Parels van het verzet ]''' Voeg familieleden en bronnen toe voor drie WO II heldinnen -''Add familly and sources to three WWII heroines'': '''[[Schaft-4|Jannetje Johanna (Jopie) "Hannie" Schaft]] and [[Nanninga-27|Nel (Nanninga) Storck]] and [[Polenaar-1|Doortje (Polenaar) Suuring]]''' en natuurlijk om ze allemaal te vrbinden met de main tree !- ''and of course to connect them all to the main Tree !''It was great, 175 new profiles/nieuwe profielen (including the three Perles de Resistance) and we added-274 sources/bronnen (Jan's bronnen excluded) Winners were:
'''Winners were''':
* Sourcerers Sprint badge winner [[Ward-10352|Erika Ward]]
* Connection Combat Challenge badge winner [[Molier-3|B.W.J Molier]]
* Winner of our Dutch Roots Profile Improvement Trophy [[Cassel-204|Amy Selby]]
Congrats from all of us and....for all participants who didn't have one already, the Sourcerers badge. Thanks and see you all next time it was a pleasure to have you!
2016
May 2016: '''[https://www.wikitree.com/g2g/247402/dutch_roots_challenge-liberation-bevrijdingsdag-challenge Liberation Day/Bevrijdingsdag Challenge]'''. Op zoek naar [[Hazelhoff_Roelfzema-1|Soldaat van Oranje!]] Winner was [[Terink-1| Jan Terink]]!!!Archive Netherlands Project Challenge
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WALL OF DUTCH ROOTS WIKITREEFAME
Mini Challenges of 2020
''30 December 2019 - 6 January 2020'':[https://www.wikitree.com/g2g/961796/hoera-dutch-roots-project-challenge-from-30-till-please-join '''Dutch Roots Mapping Cartographers Challenge''']
Challenge: Voeg vier belangrijke pioniers van de kartografie en hun families toe aan WikiTree. -The goal is to add four important pioneers of Cartography and their family to WikiTree:
[[Platevoet-9|Petrus Plancijus]]
[[De_Kremer-1|Gerardus Mercator]]
[[De_Hondt-28|Jodocus Hondius]]
[[Blaeu-1|Willem Jansz Blaeu]] and on special request of
[[Wagenaar-226|Minke Wagenaar]]:
[[Schotanus-44|Bernardus Schotanus]]. All are connected to WikiTree now thanks all members that joined the challenge ! Thanks everyone !
'''THE WINNERS of this challenge are''':
#[[Goedegebuure-21|Petra Goedegebuure]] [https://plus.wikitree.com/Challenges/DutchRootsMappingCartographers/20191230/User.htm most contributions] :)
#[[Van_der_Velde-373|Elsa van der Velde]]
#[[Beunis-2|Filip Beunis]]. Speciale vermelding voor het connecten van de laatste carthograaf/special mention for connecting the last cartographer:
[[Vermeulen-1074|Willem Vermeulen]]
Mini Challenges of 2019
Er waren in 2019 geen mini challenges, alleen de [[Space:Archive_Liberation_Day_Challenge|Jaarlijkse Bevrijdingsdag challenge]]. There were no mini challenges in 2019, just the [[Space:Archive_Liberation_Day_Challenge|Annual Liberation Day challenge]]Mini Challenges of 2018
''27 March - 2 April 2018'':[https://www.wikitree.com/g2g/583485/de-drp-the-drp-challenge-maart-march-2018-starts-now?show=583485#q583485 '''Koninklijke Hoogovens Hotemetoten Challenge - Royal Hoogovens Hotshots Challenge''']
Our wonderful Winner was [[Stuivenberg-2|Enoch Stuivenberg]] and a special thanks and [https://www.wikitree.com/g2g/587861 Wonderful Supertrooper award] for [[Cassel-204|Amy Selby]]!
Mini Challenges of 2017
''February 2017'':[https://www.wikitree.com/g2g/345666/wikilove-dutch-roots-challenge-3-12-february-2017 '''Wikilove Dutch Roots Challenge 3-12 February 2017''']
'''358''' sources and '''191''' new family members added and .. the family connected in just one week
# Winner Connection badge: [[Van Belzen-1|Joop van Belzen-1]] connection Dennis [https://www.wikitree.com/index.php?title=Special%3AUnconnected&order=&viewAll=0&privacy=0&orphans=0&s=Ling Ling connected] on 15:38, 3 February 2017 (EST)
#Winner Sourcerers Challenge [[Van Belzen-1|Joop van Belzen]] 101 Sources added.
#Winner Demolition badge [[Panek-67|Charlie Panek]] 53 new profiles added
#Winner Dutch Roots Challenge badge
And....for all participants who didn't have one already, the Sourcerers badge. Congrats and see you all next time it was a pleasure .... as always :D
Mini Challenges of 2016
''March 2016'':[https://www.wikitree.com/g2g/227213/challenge-dutch_roots-starts-now '''Dutch Roots Connection Challenge'''] all [https://www.wikitree.com/index.php?title=Special:Unconnected&order=dateup&s=AALFS&viewAll=1&privacy=1 Aalfs connected]'''
'''March 2016 Challenge Winner''' was [[Van_Helsdingen-43|Abm Helsdingen]]!!
''April 2016'':
[https://www.wikitree.com/g2g/237075/the-2nd-dutch_roots-challenge-starts-now?show=237462#c237462''' Dutch Roots Connection Challenge'''] All [https://www.wikitree.com/index.php?title=Special%3AUnconnected&order=&viewAll=0&privacy=0&orphans=0&s=Sohier+ Sohier connected]
'''April 2016 Challenge Winner''' was [[Molier-3|B.W.J Molier]]!!
''Extra April 2016'':
[https://www.wikitree.com/g2g/245170/extra-kings-day-dutch_roots-challenge '''Dutch Roots KING's DAY sourcerer challenge''']
Our [[Los-21| Princess Mabel]] got in 4 days from [https://www.wikitree.com/treewidget/Los-21/9 '''0! to 81!!'''] sourced ancestors.
'''April 2016 Challenge Winner''' was [[Ton-7|Rob Ton]]!!!
''September 2016'':
[https://www.wikitree.com/g2g/291130/the-5th-dutch_roots_challenge-starts-now-have-fun- '''Late Summer Monsterchallenge''']
Sorting/uitzoeken & sourcing/van bronnen voorzien in the/de Jungle van alle [[Space:Dutch_Roots_Challenge_workspace|Monsters]]!
Archive of Joy Wright King Sizemore Messages
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Archuleta-235 Images
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Arcioni
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Ardagh House
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Ardagh townland, Aghadown Civil Parish, County Cork, Ireland
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Ardfert Abbey
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Arend Vinkenvleugel - Finkenflügel and his Prussian family, what is (un)known
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Gelders Archief, Collection: Dinxperlo, Archive: 0176, Inventory number: 473, Folio: 162
[https://www.openarchieven.nl/gld:24D71CA7-F06D-4AC2-B92D-7F029831C2C0 OpenArch Record] (accessed 7 September 2023)
[https://permalink.geldersarchief.nl/24D71CA7F06D4AC2B92D7F029831C2C0 Gelders Archief Record]
Arend Vinkenvleugel baptism on 25 Jan 1789 in Arnhem, Nederland. . He died December 22, 1849 in Breedenbroek, Gendringen, Gelderland, Netherlands, listed as Arnold Finkenflügel. '''Death''': "BS Overlijden (Civil registration deaths)"
Gelders Archief, Collection: Burgerlijke stand Gelderland, dubbelen, Archive: 0207, Inventory number: 4680, Record number: 104, Book: Gendringen
[https://www.openarchieven.nl/gld:FEC73A21-25DC-4A6D-BF1E-61A9036D0BBD OpenArch Record] (accessed 7 September 2023)
[https://permalink.geldersarchief.nl/FEC73A2125DC4A6DBF1E61A9036D0BBD Gelders Archief Record]
Arnold Finkenflügel death 22 Dec 1849, son of Hermanus Finkenflügel & Hendrina Oostendorp, husband of Sophia Raasch, in Breedenbroek (Oude IJsselstreek), Nederland. ''He should not be confused with his double first cousin, Arend Vinkenvleugel, son of Alexander/Zander Vinkenvleugel and Anna Catharina Oostendorp, who was born 24 September, 1786, baptised on October 1, 1786 with Manes (Hermanes?) Vinkenvleugel and Maria Bussink as witnesses/godparents. This older Arend Vinkenvleugel was married to Elisabeth Hermens, and died on January 25, 1846 in Dinxperlo''. '''Baptism''': "DTB Dopen (Church records baptisms)"
Gelders Archief, Collection: Dinxperlo, Archive: 0176, Inventory number: 473, Folio: 137
[https://www.openarchieven.nl/gld:8849C5A2-8AE1-48F9-9C94-405A82801325 OpenArch Record] (accessed 7 September 2023)
[https://permalink.geldersarchief.nl/8849C5A28AE148F99C94405A82801325 Gelders Archief Record]
Maria Bussink baptism on 1 Oct 1786 in Arnhem, Nederland. '''Death''': "BS Overlijden (Civil registration deaths)"
Gelders Archief, Collection: Burgerlijke stand Gelderland, dubbelen, Archive: 0207, Inventory number: 5714.10, Record number: 3, Book: Dinxperlo, Overlijdensregister
[https://www.openarchieven.nl/gld:D51D9704-4420-4E29-ACFB-458E5C3C63C7 OpenArch Record] (accessed 7 September 2023)
[https://permalink.geldersarchief.nl/D51D970444204E29ACFB458E5C3C63C7 Gelders Archief Record]
Arend Vinkenvleugel death 25 Jan 1846, son of Alexander Vinkenvleugel & Catharina Oostendorp, in Dinxperlo, Nederland. He was married to Anna Sophia Raasch, who was born in Nessin near Kohlberg in Pommeren, Prussia. These places are nowadays known as Nieżyn and Kołobrzeg in the West Pomeranian Voivodeship in Poland. From this marriage, 6 children are known '''Population Register''': "Bevolkingsregister Dinxperlo deel 2. Gemeente Dinxperlo, 1830-1838"
Erfgoedcentrum Achterhoek en Liemers, Collection: 02, Archive: 0521, Inventory number: 792, Folio: 163
[https://www.openarchieven.nl/eal:3d881625-eed8-a990-6564-75f67bfe201d OpenArch Record] (accessed 6 September 2023)
[http://www.archieven.nl/nl/zoeken?mivast=26&miadt=26&miaet=54&micode=0521-792&minr=2842570&miview=ldt Erfgoedcentrum Achterhoek en Liemers Record]
Arend Vinkenvleugel, age 42, born in Dinxperlo, Nederland. Sophia Raessen, age 40, born in Nessin near Kolberg in Prussia. Johan Vinkenvleugel, age 12, born in Nessin near Kolberg in Prussia. Bernardus Vinkenvleugel, age 3/4 year, born in Dinxperlo, Nederland. It further states that the family moved "from Nessin near Kohlberg in August 1831", and then moved away from Dinxperlo again: "left to Gendringen in 1834". : 1. Theodora Vinkenvleugel
2. Johann Martin Jacob Finkenflügel
3. Frederik Vinkenvleugel
4. Karel Vinkenvleugel
5. Carolina Maria Frederica Finkenflügel
6. Bernardus Vinkenvleugel ("zich noemende en schrijven Finkenflügel")
Of these children, only Bernardus was born in Dinxperlo. --- '''Johann Martin Jacob Finkenflugel''' is listed in about a dozen different records. Of those, I've collected 6 different ways to write his name. The Vinkenvleugel family that Arend is part of lived in the area bordering the Netherlands with Prussia/Germany, frequently baptised their children across the border at the St Michael church in Suderwick, just metres away from the Dutch/Prussian border with Dinxperlo. On his daughter Johanna's birth record, Johann's surname is recorded as "Finkenflugel". He was able to sign it himself, and the name looks as "Finkenflugel", though there appears a single dot above the 'g' near the end. Was he trying to sign the name as "Finkenflügel"? On records, Johann's children usually show up as Finkenflügel/Finkenflugel, while his brother Bernard is listed as Vinkenvleugel (as are Bernard's children). Johanna's son '''[[Huls-232|Bernadus Huls]]''' marries '''[[Vinkenvleugel-4|Johanna Aleida Vinkenvleugel]]''', Bernard Vinkenvleugel's granddaughter, bringing both the Finkenflügel and Vinkenvleugel branches back together: although their surnames are spelled differently, they are both part of the same family. Of note here is that Bernard's marriage record attachments states that while he was named Bernardus Vinkenvleugel, he called himself (and wrote it too) as Bernardus Finkenflügel, like his siblings. '''Marriage''': "BS Huwelijk (Civil registration marriages)"
Gelders Archief, Collection: Burgerlijke stand Gelderland, dubbelen, Archive: 0207, Inventory number: 4746, Record number: 9, Book: Gendringen
[https://www.openarchieven.nl/gld:402D43A5-A8A5-4CE2-87D1-9C1ABD350824 OpenArch Record] (accessed 7 September 2023)
[https://permalink.geldersarchief.nl/402D43A5A8A54CE287D19C1ABD350824 Gelders Archief Record]
Bernardus Vinkenvleugel (28) marriage to Aleida Baten (29) on 25 Feb 1862 in Gendringen, Nederland.
'''Specifically, see the marriage attachments''' It is likely Johann's birth record is to be located in the church records near modern day Kołobrzeg, Poland. --- '''Hypothesis''': Johann's father, Arend Vinkenvleugel, was conscripted in one of the regiments for the Grande Armée; he deserted somewhere near Kołobrzeg, either for the Siege of 1807, or on the way to/from Russia. Current evidence in this direction: 1. The surname Raasch does appear a few times around 1790 in Kolberg in church registers.[https://geneteka.genealodzy.pl/index.php?op=gt&lang=eng&bdm=B&w=16zp&rid=B&search_lastname=Raasch&search_name=&search_lastname2=&search_name2=&from_date=&to_date=&rpp1=&ordertable= Geneteka, Polish church records; accessed 2023-09-07]
2. There is few, if any, other reasons for Arend to make it all the way to Pommeren. Within the area, as well as within the family, people married within the community. Arend is one of the first to leave the comfort of marrying within the community. Emigrating to Pommeren around 1814 is not likely. Nor is emigrating and returning around 1830 and continuing the family line in the surroundings of Arend's birth area. Current search tracts:
- Looking through French records regarding conscription/enlistment in the Grande Armée for the names Vinkenvleugel, Man(n)eszoon and variations thereof.
- Searching church records around Nessin and Kolberg for mentions of the Vinkenvleugel/Finkenflügel & Raasch family. === Sources ===
Argentina Resources
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Argentine Naming Conventions
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'''American Historical Society of Germans from Russia International (AHSGR)''' {{Image|file=Gunther-113-1.jpg |size=250}} ---- 10 AHSGR members petitioned in 2018 to reactivate the Arizona Sun Chapter for Arizona! ---- :[https://www.facebook.com/Arizona-Sun-Chapter-295462955093/ Arizona Sun Chapter] Page on Facebook :[https://www.facebook.com/groups/1272222222862362/ Germans from Russia in Arizona] Group on Facebook :[http://www.arizonasunchapter.weebly.com Arizona Sun Chapter] website :[http://www.ahsgr.org/ AHSGR] website :[https://www.facebook.com/groups/AHSGR/ AHSGR] Group on Facebook ---- Our project groups: === Volga Germans === :::'''Volga German Project at WikiTree: [[Project:Volga_German'''|Project:Volga_German''']] [[Gunther-113|Russ Gunther]] - [https://www.facebook.com/russ.gunther.9 facebook] - AHSGR member :families: Dechant, Wasinger, Leiker, Bach, Koenig, Leidermann, Herklotz, Hohleder, Fischer, Goering, Viedu :colony villages: Obermonjou, Schönchen, Graf, Rohleder, Wittmann, Schaffhausen :ancestors settled in Ellis County, Kansas, migrated to Colorado then Chicago Cara Lynn Foster - [https://www.facebook.com/caralynn.foster facebook] - AHSGR member :families: Wasinger, :colony villages: Schönchen, :ancestors settled in Ellis County, Kansas, migrated to Wisconsin [[Dalhaimer-1|Anna Dalhaimer Bartkowski]] - [https://www.facebook.com/anna.bartkowski facebook] - AHSGR member, AHSGR Board Member :families: Dalhaimer, Herzog, Reimer, Hermann :colony villages: Mariental, Louis, Reinwald, Rosenfeld am Nachoi :ancestors settled in Karen Stoll Lorek - [https://www.facebook.com/Karen.Lorek facebook] :families: Stoll, Berkheim, Vogel :colony villages: Grimm :ancestors settled in Kathie Stoll - [https://www.facebook.com/kathie.stoll.35 facebook] :families: Stoll, Berkheim, Vogel :colony villages: Grimm :ancestors settled in Jonathan Rau - [https://www.facebook.com/jonathan.rau1 facebook] :families: Rau, Scheetz (Schutz), Breitling, and Hoppe :villages: Dobrinka and Warenburg :ancestors settled in Sidney, Montana === Bessarabian Germans === Elizabeth Scott [ facebook ] - AHSGRmember :families: Leischner, Krausz, Jung, Wacker, and more :villages: :settled in Tom Mertz [ facebook] :families: Mertz and Schuler :villages: :settled in North & South Dakota === Black Sea & Odessa Germans === [[Garman-597|Wayne Garman]] - [https://www.facebook.com/garmanw facebook] - AHSGR member :families: Garman/Garmann/Germann :villages: :settled in === Caucasus Germans === === Crimean Germans === === Kazakhstan & Ural mountain Germans === === Mennonite Germans === [[Garman-597|Wayne Garman]] - [https://www.facebook.com/garmanw facebook] - AHSGR member :families: Weninger/Wenninger, Kroeger, Dyck :villages: :settled in === Siberian Germans === === Ukrainian Germans === === Volhynian Germans === ---- [https://ahsgr.site-ym.com/?page=Join Join AHSGR International]
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Arkansas Governors
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''Squatter:'' Hello yourself. (fiddling the first part of a tune.)
'''Traveller:''' Can I get to stay all night with you?
''Squatter:'' No, sir, you can’t git to –
'''Traveller:''' Have you any spirits here?
''Squatter:'' Lots uv ‘em; Sal seen one last night by that ar ole hollar gum, and it nearly skeered her to death.
'''Traveller:''' You mistake my meaning; have you any liquour?
''Squatter:'' Had some yesterday, but Old Bose he got in and lapped all uv it out’n the pot.
'''Traveller:''' You don’t understand: I don’t mean pot liquor. I’m wet and cold and want some whiskey. Have you got any?
''Squatter:'' Oh yes, I drunk the last this mornin.
'''Traveller:''' I’m hungary; havn’t had a thing since morning; can’t you give me something to eat?
''Squatter:'' Haint’t a durned thing in the house. Not a mouffull uv meat, nor a dust uv meal here.
'''Traveller:''' Well, can’t you give my horse something?
''Squatter:'' Got nothin’ to feed him on.
'''Traveller:''' How far is it to the next house?
''Squatter:'' Stranger! I do not know. I’ve never been thar.
'''Traveller:''' Do you know who lives here?
''Squatter:'' Yes zir!
'''Traveller:''' As I’m so bold then, what might your name be?
''Squatter:'' It might be Dick and it might be Tom; but it lacks right smart uv it.
'''Traveller:''' Sir! Will you tell me where this road goes to?
''Squatter:'' It’s never gone any whar since I lived here; It’s always thar when I git up in the mornin’.
'''Traveller:''' Well, how far is it to where it forks?
''Squatter:'' It don’t fork at all; but it splits up like the devil.
'''Traveller:''' As I’m not likely to get to any other house to night, can’t you let me sleep in yours; and I’ll tie my horse to a tree, and do without anything, no eat or drink?
''Squatter:'' My house leaks. Thar’s only one dry spot in it, and me and Sal sleeps on it. And that thar tree is the ole woman’s persimmon; you can’t tie to it, ‘caze she don’t want ‘em shuk off. She ‘lows to make beer out’n um.
'''Traveller:''' Hey don’t you finish covering your house and stop the leaks?
''Squatter:'' It’s been rainin’ all day.
'''Traveller:''' Well, why don’t you do it in dry weather?
''Squatter:'' It don’t leak then.
'''Traveller:''' As there seems nothing alive about your place but children, how do you do here anyhow?
''Squatter:'' Putty well, I thank you, how do you do yourself?
'''Traveller:''' I mean what do you do for a living here?
''Squatter:'' Keep tavern and sell whisky.
'''Traveller:''' Well, I told you I wanted some whisky.
''Squatter:'' Stranger, I bought a bar’l more’n a week ago. You see, me and Sal went shars. After we got it here, we only had a bit betweenst us, and Sal she dind’t want to use hern fust, nor me mine. You see I had a spiggin in one eend, and she in tother. So she takes a drink out’n my eend, and pays me the bit for it; then I’d take one out’n hern and give her the bit. Well, we’s getting long fust-rate, till Dick, durned skulking skunk, he born a hole on the bottom to suck at, and the next time I went to buy a drink, they wont none thar.
'''Traveller:''' I’m sorry your whisky’s all gone; but, my friend, why don’t you play the balance of that tune?
''Squatter:'' It’s got no balance to it.
'''Traveller:''' I mean you don’t play the whole of it.
''Squatter:'' Stranger, can you play the fiddul?
'''Traveller:''' Yes, a little, sometimes.
''Squatter:'' You don’t look like a fiddlur, but ef you think you can play any more onto that thar tune, you kin just try it.
(The Traveler takes the fiddle from the squatter and plays the whole of it.)
''Squatter:'' Stranger, tuck a half a duzen cheers and sot down. Sal, stir yourself round like a six-horse team in a mud hold. Go round in the hollar whar I killed that buck this mornin’, cut off some of the best pieces, and fotch it and cook it for me and this gentleman, d’rectly. Raise up the board under the head of the bed, and got the ole black jug I hid from Dick, and gin us some whisky; I know thar’s some left yit. Til, drive ole Bose out’n the bread-tray, then climb up in the loft, and git the rag that’s got the sugar tied in it. Dick, carry the gentleman’s hoss round under the shead, give him so fodder and corn; much as he kin eat.
''Til:'' Dad, they ain’t knives enuff for to sot the table.
''Squatter:'' Whar’s big butch, little butch, ole case, cob-handle, granny’s knife, and the one I handled yesterday! That’s nuff to sot any gentleman’s table, outer you’ve lost um. Durn me, stranger, ef you can’t stay as long as you please, and I’ll give you plenty to eat and to drink. Will you have coffey for supper?
'''Traveller:''' Yes, sir.
''Squatter:'' I’ll be hanged if you do, tho’, we don’t have nothin’ that way here, but Grub Hyson, and I reckon it’s mighty good with sweetnin’. Play away, stranger, you kin sleep on the dry spot to-night.
'''Traveller:''' (after about two hours of fiddling) My friend, can’t you tell me about the road I’m to travel on to-morrow?
''Squatter:'' To-morrow! Stranger, you won’t git out’n these diggins for six weeks. But when it gits so you kin start, you see that big sloo over thar? Well, you have to git crost that, then you take the road up the bank, and in about a mile you’ll come to a two-acre-and-a-half corn-patch. The corn’s mityly in the weeds, but you needn’t mind that; jist ride on. About a mile and a half or two miles from thar, you’ll cum to the damdest swamp you ever struck in all your travels; it’s boggy enouff to mire a saddle-blanket. Thar’s a fust rate road about six feet under thar.
'''Traveller:''' How am I to get at it?
''Squatter:'' You can’t git at it nary time, till the weather stiffens down sum. Well, about a mile beyant, you come to a place whar thars no roads. You kin take the right hand ef you want to; you’ll foller it a mile or so, and you’ll find its run out; you’ll then have to come back and try the left; when you git about two miles on that, you may know you’re wrong, fur they ain’t any road thar. You’ll then think you’re mity lucky ef you kin find the way back to my house, whar you kin cum and play on thara’r tune as long as you please.
== The Song == The Arkansas Traveler Lyrics by the Arkansas State Song Selection Committee, 1947 Music by Colonel Sanford (Sandy) Faulkner, about 1850 On a lonely road quite long ago,
A trav'ler trod with fiddle and a bow;
While rambling thru the country rich and grand,
He quickly sensed the magic and the beauty of the land. Chorus For the wonder state we'll sing a song,
And lift our voices loud and long.
For the wonder state we'll shout hurrah!
And praise the opportunities we find in Arkansas. Many years have passed, the trav'lers gay,
Repeat the tune along the highway;
And every voice that sings the glad refrain
Re-echoes from the mountains to the fields of growing grain. Repeat Chorus http://archiver.rootsweb.ancestry.com/th/read/ARFAULKN/2004-10/1097087329 http://www.historicarkansas.org/Exhibits/Arkansas-Traveler/the-traveler-and-the-squatter-in-dialog http://www.encyclopediaofarkansas.net/encyclopedia/entry-detail.aspx?entryID=4293 http://www.sos.arkansas.gov/educational/Pages/ArkansasTraveler.aspx
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Arms of the Douglases in Sweden
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Arndt Family Mysteries
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Arneil Family Mysteries
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Arneson-141 - parents of Annie (Arneson) Mason
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Arnheim, home of John Blair Radford
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Arnoff & Son
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Arnold, Nebraska High School Commencement 1925
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Arnold, Nebraska High School Commencement 1935
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Arnold Bible: Mecklenburg and Henry Cos, Virginia, Cumberland Co, Kentucky, Lewis and Clark Counties, Missouriandand
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Arnold clark
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Arnold Group Photos
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ARNOLD Tree
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Arnott
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Arnott's Biscuits
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Aroraskys' Research Links- Italy
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Aroraskys' Research Links-2
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Arp Family Bible
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Arphaxad
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Arrais de Mendonça
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Arrival in New York
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Arrivals at Auschwitz from Warsaw on 12 August 1944
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Arrived in Country
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Arsenault family history video
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Art/Business/Culture
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Art Aia - Creatives / In / Residence
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Artemis Millet the Temple Builder
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Arthur Francis Duffey Sources
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Arthur Francis Duffey Sr. Family for Arthur Francis Duffey
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Arthur Jenson
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Arthur Jermyn
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Arthur John Whalen Birth Parents
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Arthur McAdoo and the Cumberland Compact
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Arthur Pierre Fournier Family for Alfonse Albert Lacroix
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Arthur Rees Family
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ArthurJaramillo
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Article 186, Heritage of Ashe County North Carolina
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Article 189, Heritage of Ashe County North Carolina
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Articles about Martha McRorie
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Mountain View students applaud their teacher's creativity and dedication.
By Heidi G. Evans, Sun Staff (includes photo) Marty McRorie was almost absent from the conference where she was named Teacher of the Year by the Washington Association of Educators of the Talented and Gifted. Typical for her, she intended to spend that Saturday planning a field trip for her students so they could learn firsthand about the cultures they study. Luckily, fellow teacher Karen Triplett made sure McRorie changed her plans and took the stage to accept the award Oct. 24 in Vancouver. The Mountain View Middle School teacher is still reacting to the honor of receiving the award. "It was a little overwhelming at first. I was too surprised," McRorie said. McRorie's award was not a surprise to her Challenge students - students identified with high intelligence well beyond their grade level. "She makes learning fun," said John Olson, 13. Students especially appreciate McRorie's efforts to bring the world into their classroom. For example, she visited Egypt and brought slides and materials back to her class. "She has a lot of knowledge to help us out. She goes above and beyond what other teachers do," said Cameron Schnell, 12. Students note their teacher expects much of them. "Since we're Challenge students, she gives us Challenge work. We have a lot of projects, but it's better than taking notes and listening to lectures," said Anna Lawrence, 13. Student Natasha Chernenko, 13 agreed. "She makes it clear what she expects of us." Students and fellow teachers note McRorie's efforts to "stick up for the class." In her letter nominating McRorie, Triplett wrote, "Many times in our district there would be discussion of gifted-and-talented program elimination. Marty (McRorie) would rally the current research and work with the administration convincing them of the need for the program. Each and every time the program would be reinstated because of her lobbying." McRorie is humble about her award, insisting it should have been given to the entire team of Challenge teachers. Meanwhile, she returns to class, hoping to teach her students one lesson they can take with them into life - learning to carry their intelligence well, "so they enjoy how bright they are but are leading, instead of intimidating, the rest of the world." ---- == Miscellaneous == Nu Chapter, [https://www.dkg.org/ Delta Kappa Gamma], meeting, 7:30 p.m., home of Mrs. Marty McRorie, 8092 Kaster Drive, NE. [https://www.newspapers.com/image/874133991/?terms=%22Marty%20McRorie%22&match=1 Datebook: Monday, Feb. 7; Kitsap Sun, Bremerton, Washington, Saturday, 5 Feb 1983, page 5], found on Newspapers.com == Articles to Add == * [https://www.newspapers.com/image/874153269/?terms=%22Marty%20McRorie%22&match=1 Couple's lucky streak finally runs its course; Kitsap Sun, Bremerton, Washington, Friday, 17 Feb 1984, page 2], found on Newspapers.com * [https://www.newspapers.com/image/875279079/?terms=%22Marty%20McRorie%22&match=1 Installations: Women of Rotary; Kitsap Sun, Bremerton, Washington, Thursday, 7 Jun 1984, page 14], found on Newspapers.com * https://www.newspapers.com/image/874154242/?terms=%22Marty%20McRorie%22&match=1 == Sources ==
Articles of War
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'Chap. XX.--''An Act for establishing Rules and Articles for the government of the Armies of the United States.'''
'''Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States of America in Congress assembled'', That from and after the passing of this act, the following shall be the rules and articles by which the armies of the United States shall be governed:'
'''Article'' 1. Every officer now in the army of the United States, shall, in six months from the passing of this act, and every officer who shall hereafter be appointed, shall, before he enters on the duties of his office, subscribe these rules and regulations.'
'''Article'' 2. It is earnestly recommended to all officers and soldiers, diligently to attend divine service; and all officers who shall behave indecently or irreverently at any place of divine worship, shall, if commissioned officers, be brought before a general court martial, there to be publicly and severely reprimanded by the president; if non-commissioned officers or soldiers, every person so offending shall, for his first offence, forfeit ''one sixth of a dollar'', to be deducted out of his next pay; for the second offence, he shall not only forfeit a like sum, but be confined twenty-four hours; and for every like offence, shall suffer and pay in like manner; which money, so forfeited, shall be applied by the captain or senior officer of the troop or company, to the use of the sick soldiers of the company or troop to which the offender belongs.'
'''Article'' 3. Any non-commissioned officer or soldier who shall use any profane oath or execration, shall incur the penalties expressed in the foregoing article; and a commissioned officer shall forfeit and pay for each and every such offence ''one dollar'', to be applied as in the preceding article.'
'''Article'' 4. Every chaplain, commissioned in the army or armies of the United States, who shall absent himself from the duties assigned him (excepting in cases of sickness or leave of absence) shall, on conviction thereof before a court martial, be fined not exceeding one month's pay, besides the loss of his pay during his absence; or be discharged, as the said court martial shall judge proper.'
'''Article'' 5. Any officer or soldier, who shall use contemptuous or disrespectful words against the President of the United States, against the Vice President thereof, against the Congress of the United States, or against the chief magistrate or legislature of any of the United States, in which he may be quartered, if a commissioned officer, shall be cashiered, or otherwise punished, as a court martial shall direct; if a non-commissioned officer or soldier, he shall suffer such punishment as shall be inflicted on him by the sentence of a court martial.'
'''Article'' 6. Any officer or soldier who shall behave himself with contempt or disrespect towards his commanding officer, shall be punished according to the nature of his offence, by the judgment of a court martial.'
'''Article'' 7. Any officer or soldier who shall begin, excite, cause or join in any mutiny or sedition in any troop or company in the service of the United States, or in any party, post, detachment, or guard, shall suffer death, or such other punishment as by a court martial shall be inflicted.'
'''Article'' 8. Any officer, non-commissioned officer, or soldier, who, being present at any mutiny or sedition, does not use his utmost endeavour to suppress the same, or coming to the knowledge of any intended mutiny, does not, without delay, give information thereof to his commanding officer, shall be punished by the sentence of a court martial with death, or otherwise, according to the nature of his offense.'
'''Article'' 9. Any officer or soldier who shall strike his superior officer, or draw or lift up any weapon or offer any violence against him, being in the execution of his office, on any pretence whatsoever, or shall disobey any lawful command of his superior officer, shall suffer death, or such other punishment as shall, according to the nature of his offence be inflicted upon him by the sentence of a court martial.'
'''Article'' 10. Every non-commissioned officer or soldier who shall enlist himself in the service of the United States, shall, at the time of his so enlisting, or within six days afterwards, have the articles for the government of the armies of the United States, read to him, and shall, by the officer who enlisted him, or by the commanding officer of the troop or company into which he was enlisted, be taken before the next justice of the peace, or chief magistrate of any city or town corporate, not being an officer of the army, or where recourse cannot be had to the civil magistrate, before the judge advocate, and, in his presence, shall take the following oath, or affirmation: "I, A.B. do solemnly swear, or affirm (as the case may be) that I will serve them honestly and faithfully against all their enemies or opposers whatsoever, and observe and obey the orders of the President of the United States, and the orders of the officers appointed over me, according to the rules and articles for the government of the armies of the United States:" which justice, magistrate, or judge advocate, is to give the officer a certificate, signifying that the man enlisted did take the said oath or affirmation.'
'''Article'' 11. After a non-commissioned officer or soldier shall have been duly enlisted and sworn, he shall not be dismissed the service without a discharge in writing; and no discharge granted to him, shall be sufficient, which is not signed by a field officer of the regiment to which he belongs, or commanding officer where no field officer of the regiment is present; and no discharge shall be given to a non-commissioned officer, or soldier, before his term of service has expired, but by order of the President, the Secretary of War, the commanding officer of a department, or the sentence of a general court martial; nor shall a commissioned officer be discharged the service, but by order of the President of the United States, or by sentence of a general court martial.'
'''Article'' 12. Every colonel, or other officer, commanding a regiment, troop or company, and actually quartered with it, may give furloughs to non-commissioned officers or soldiers, in such numbers, and for so long a time as he shall judge to be most consistent with the good of the service; and a captain, or other inferior officer, commanding a troop or company, or in any garrison, fort or barrack of the United States, (his field officer being absent) may give furloughs to non-commissioned officers or soldiers, for a time not exceeding twenty days in six months, but not to more than two persons to be absent at the same time, excepting some extraordinary occasion shall require it.'
'''Article'' 13. At every muster the commanding officer of each regiment, troop or company there present, shall give to the commissary of musters, or other officer who musters the said regiment, troop or company, certificates signed by himself, signifying how long such officers, as shall not appear at the said muster, have been absent, and the reason of their absence. In like manner, the comanding officer of every troop or company, shall give certificates, signifying the reasons of the absence of the non-commissioned officers and private soldiers, which reasons, and time of absence, shall be inserted in the muster rolls, opposite the name of the respective absent officers and soldiers. The certificates shall, together with the muster rolls, be remitted by the commissary of musters, or other officer mustering, to the department of war, as speedily as the distance of the place will admit.'
'''Article'' 14. Every officer who shall be convicted, before a general court martial, of having signed a false certificate, relating to the absence of either officer or private soldier, or relative to his or their pay, shall be cashiered.'
'''Article'' 15. Every officer who shall knowing make a false muster of man or horse, and every officer or commissary of musters, who shall willingly sign, direct, or allow the signing of muster rolls, wherein such false muster is contained, shall, upon proof made thereof by two witnesses, before a general court martial, be cashiered, and shall be thereby utterly disabled to have or hold any office or employment in the service of the United States.'
'''Article'' 16. Any commissary of musters, or other officer, who shall be convicted of having taken money or other thing, by way of gratification, on mustering any regiment, troop or company, or on signing muster rolls, shall be displaced from his office, and shall be thereby utterly disabled to have, or hold any office or employment in the service of the United States.'
'''Article'' 17. Any officer who shall presume to muster a person as a soldier, who is not a soldier, shall be deemed guilty of having made a false muster, and shall suffer accordingly.'
'''Article'' 18. Every officer who shall knowingly make a false return to the department of war, or to any of his superior officers, authorized to call for such returns, of the state of the regiment, troop or company, or garrison under his command; or of the arms, ammunition, clothing or other stores thereunto belonging, shall, on conviction thereof before a court martial, be cashiered.'
'''Article'' 19. The commanding officer of every regiment, troop or independent company, or garrison of the United States, shall, in the beginning of every month, remit, through the proper channels, to the department of war, an exact return of the regiment, troop, independent company, or garrison, under his command, specifying the names of the officers then absent from their posts, with the reasons for, and the time of their absence. And any officer who shall be convicted of having, through neglect or design, omitted sending such returns, shall be punished according to the nature of his crime by the judgment of a general court martial.'
'''Article'' 20. All officers and soldiers, who have received pay, or have been duly enlisted in the service of the United States, and shall be convicted of having deserted the same, shall suffer death, or such other punishment as by sentence of a court martial shall be inflicted.'
'''Article'' 21. Any non-commissioned officer or soldier, who shall, without leave from his commanding officer, absent himself from his troop, company, or detachment, shall, upon being convicted thereof, be punished according to the nature of his offence, at the discretion of a court martial.'
'''Article'' 22. No non-commissioned officer or soldier shall enlist himself in any other regiment, troop, or company, without a regular discharge from the regiment, troop, or company, in which he last served, on the penalty of being reputed a deserter, and suffering accordingly. And in case any officer shall knowingly receive and entertain such non-commissioned officer or soldier, or shall not, after his being discovered to be a deserter, immediately confine him and give notice thereof to the corps in which he last served, the said officer shall, by a court martial, be cashiered.'
'''Article'' 23. Any officer or soldier who shall be convicted of having advised or persuaded any other officer or soldier to desert the service of the United States, shall suffer death, or such other punishment as shall be inflicted upon him by the sentence of a court martial.'
'''Article'' 24. No officer or soldier shall use any reproachful or provoking speeches or gestures to another, upon pain, if an officer, of being put in arrest; if a soldier, confined, and of asking pardon of the party offended, in the presence of his commanding officer.'
'''Article'' 25. No officer or soldier shall send a challenge to another officer or soldier, to fight a duel, or accept a challenge, if sent, upon pain, if a commissioned officer, of being cashiered; if a non-commissioned officer or soldier, of suffering corporeal punishment, at the discretion of a court martial.'
'''Article'' 26. If any commissioned or non-commissioned officer commanding a guard, shall knowingly or willingly suffer any person whatsoever to go forth to fight a duel, he shall be punished as a challenger; and all seconds, promoters and carriers of challenges, in order to duels, shall be deemed principals, and be punished accordingly. And it shall be the duty of every officer, commanding an army, regiment, company, post, or detachment, who is knowing to a challenge being given, or accepted, by any officer, non-commissioned officer, or soldier, under his command, or has reason to believe the same to be the case, immediately to arrest and bring to trial such offenders.'
'''Article'' 27. All officers, of what condition soever, have power to part and quell all quarrels, frays, and disorders, though the persons concerned should belong to another regiment, troop, or company; and either to order officers into arrest, or non-commissioned officers or soldiers into confinement, until their proper superior officers shall be acquainted therewith; and whosoever shall refuse to obey such officer, (though of an inferior rank) or shall draw upon him, shall be punished at the discretion of a general court martial.'
'''Article'' 28. Any officer or soldier, who shall upbraid another for refusing a challenge, shall himself be punished as a challenger, and all officers and soldiers are hereby discharged from any disgrace or opinion of disadvantage, which might arise from their having refused to accept of challenges, as they will only have acted in obedience to the laws, and done their duty as good soldiers, who subject themselves to discipline.'
'''Article'' 29. No suttler shall be permitted to sell any kind of liquors or victuals, or to keep their houses or shops open for the entertainment of soldiers, after nine at night, or before the beating of the reveilies, or upon Sundays, during divine service or sermon, on the penalty of being dismissed from all future suttling.'
'''Article'' 30. All officers commanding in the field, forts, barracks, or garrisons of the United States, are hereby required to see that the persons permitted to suttle, shall supply the soldiers with good and wholesome provisions, or other articles, at a reasonable price, as they shall be answerable for their neglect.'
'''Article'' 31. No officer commanding in any of the garrisons, forts, or barracks of the United States, shall exact exorbitant prices for houses or stalls let out to suttlers, or connive at the like exactions in others; nor by his own authority, and for his private advantage, lay any duty or imposition upon, or be interested in, the sale of any victuals, liquors, or other necessaries of life, brought into the garrison, fort, or barracks, for the use of the soldiers, on the penalty of being discharged from the service.'
'''Article'' 32. Every officer commanding in quarters, garrisons, or on the march, shall keep good order, and to the utmost of his power, redress all abuses or disorders, which may be committed by any officer or soldier under his command; if upon complaint made to him of officers or soldiers beating, or otherwise ill treating, any person, of disturbing fairs or markets, or of committing any kinds of riots to the disquieting of the citizens of the United States, he, the said commander, who shall refuse or omit to see justice done to the offender or offenders, and reparation made to the party or parties injured, as far as part of the offender's pay shall enable him or them, upon proof thereof, be cashiered or otherwise punished as a general court martial shall direct.'
'''Article'' 33. When any commissioned officer or soldier, shall be accused of a capital crime, or of having used violence, or committed any offence against the persons or property of any citizen of any of the United States, such as is punishable by the known laws of the land, the commanding officer, and officers of every regiment, troop, or company, to which the person, or persons, so accused, shall belong, are hereby required, upon application duly made by, or in behalf of the party or parties injured, to use their utmost endeavours to deliver over such accused person, or persons, to the civil magistrate, and likewise to be aiding and assisting to the officers of justice in apprehending and securing the person or persons so accused, in order to bring him or them to trial. If any commanding officer, or officers, shall wilfully neglect, or shall refuse, upon the application aforesaid, to deliver over such accused person, or persons, to the civil magistrates, or to be aiding and assisting to the officers of justice in apprehending such person, or persons, the officer, or officers, so offending, shall be cashiered.'
'''Article'' 34. If any officer shall think himself wronged by his colonel, or the commanding officer of the regiment, and shall, upon due application being made to him, be refused redress, he may complain to the general, commanding in the state or territory where such regiment shall be stationed, in order to obtain justice; who is hereby required to examine into the said complaint, and take proper measures for redressing the wrong complained of, and transmit, as soon as possible, to the department of war, a true state of such complaint, with the proceedings had thereon.'
'''Article'' 35. If any inferior officer or soldier shall think himself wronged by his captain, or other officer, he is to complain thereof to the commanding officer of the regiment, who is hereby required to summon a regimental court martial, for the doing justice to the complainant; from which regimental court martial, either party may, if he thinks himself still aggrieved, appeal to a general court martial. But if, upon a second hearing, the appeal shall appear vexatious and groundless, the person, so appealing, shall be punished at the discretion of the said court martial.'
'''Article'' 36. Any commissioned officer, storekeeper, or commissary, who shall be convicted at a general court martial, of having sold, without a proper order for that purpose, embezzled, misapplied, or wilfully, or through neglect, suffered any of the provisions, forage, arms, clothing, ammunition, or other military stores, belonging to the United States, to be spoiled, or damaged, shall, at his own expense, make good the loss, or damage, and shall, moreover, forfeit all his pay, and be dismissed from the service.'
'''Article'' 37. Any non-commissioned officer, or soldier, who shall be convicted, at a regimental court martial, of having sold, or designedly, or through neglect, wasted the ammunition delivered out to him, to be employed in the service of the United States, shall be punished at the discretion of such court.'
'''Article'' 38. Every non-commissioned officer or soldier, who shall be convicted before a court martial, of having sold, lost, or spoiled, through neglect, his horse, arms, clothes, or accoutrements, shall undergo such weekly stoppages, (not exceeding the half of his pay) as such court martial shall judge sufficient, for repairing the loss or damage; and shall suffer confinement or such other corporeal punishment as his crime shall deserve.'
'''Article'' 39. Every officer, who shall be convicted before a court martial, of having embezzled, or misapplied any money, with which he may have been entrusted for the payment of the men under his command, or for enlisting men into the service, or for other purposes, if a commissioned officer, shall be cashiered, and compelled to refund the money; if a non-commissioned officer, shall be reduced to the ranks, be put under stoppages until the money be made good, and suffer such corporeal punishment as such court martial shall direct.'
'''Article'' 40. Every captain of a troop, or company, is charged with the arms, accoutrements, ammunition, clothing, or other warlike stores belong to the troop, or company under his command, which he is to be accountable for to his colonel, in case of their being lost, spoiled, or damaged, not by unavoidable accidents, or on actual service.'
'''Article'' 41. All non-commissioned officers and soldiers, who shall be found one mile from the camp without leave, in writing, from their commanding officer, shall suffer such punishment as shall be inflicted upon them by the sentence of a court martial.'
'''Article'' 42. No officer, or soldier, shall lie out of his quarters, garrison, or camp, without leave from his superior officer, upon penalty of being punished according to the nature of his offence, by the sentence of a court martial.'
'''Article'' 43. Every non-commissioned officer and soldier shall retire to his quarters or tent, at the beating of the retreat; in default of which he shall be punished according to the nature of his offence.'
'''Article'' 44. No officer, non-commissioned officer, or soldier, shall fail in repairing, at the time fixed, to the place of parade, or exercise, or other rendezvous, appointed by his commanding officer, if not prevented by sickness, or some other evident necessity; or shall go from the said place of rendezvous, without leave from his commanding officer, before he shall be regularly dismissed or relieved, on the penalty of being punished according to the nature of his offence by the sentence of a court martial.'
'''Article'' 45. Any commissioned officer who shall be found drunk on his guard, party, or other duty, shall be cashiered. Any non-commissioned officer or soldier so offending, shall suffer such corporeal punishment as shall be inflicted by the sentence of a court martial.'
'''Article'' 46. Any sentinel who shall be found sleeping upon his post, or shall leave it before he shall be regularly relieved, shall suffer death, or such other punishment as shall be inflicted by the sentence of a court martial.'
'''Article'' 47. No soldier belonging to any regiment, troop, or company, shall hire another to do his duty for him, or be excused from duty, but in cases of sickness, disability, or leave of absence; and every such soldier found guilty of hiring his duty, as also the party so hired to do another's duty, shall be punished at the discretion of a regimental court martial.'
'''Article'' 48. And every non-commissioned officer conniving at such hiring of duty aforesaid, shall be reduced; and every commissioned officer, knowing and allowing such ill practices in the service, shall be punished by the judgment of a general court martial.'
'''Article'' 49. Any officer belonging to the service of the United States, who, by discharging of fire-arms, drawing of swords, beating of drums, or by any other means whatsoever, shall occasion false alarms in camp, garrison, or quarters, shall suffer death, or such other punishment as shall be ordered by the sentence of a general court martial.'
'''Article'' 50. Any officer or soldier, who shall, without urgent necessity or without the leave of his superior officer, quit his guard, platoon, or division, shall be punished according to the nature of his offense, by the sentence of a court martial.'
'''Article'' 51. No officer or soldier shall do violence to any person who brings provisions or other necessaries to the camp, garrison, or quarters, of the forces of the United States, employed in any parts out of the said states, upon pain of death, or such other punishment as a court martial shall direct.'
'''Article'' 52. Any officer or soldier, who shall misbehave himself before the enemy, run away, or shamefully abandon any fort, post, or guard, which he or they may be commanded to defend, or speak words inducing others to do the like; or shall cast away his arms and ammunition, or who shall quit his post or colours to plunder and pillage, every such offender, being duly convicted thereof, shall suffer death, or such other punishment as shall be ordered by the sentence of a general court martial.'
'''Article'' 53. Any person belonging to the armies of the United States, who shall make known the watchword to any person who is not entitled to receive it, according to the rules and discipline of war, or shall presume to give a parole or watchword, different from what he received, shall suffer death, or such other punishment as shall be ordered by the sentence of a general court martial.'
'''Article'' 54. All officers and soldiers are to behave themselves orderly in quarters, and on their march; and whosoever shall commit any waste or spoil, either in walks of trees, parks, warrens, fish ponds, houses, or gardens, cornfields, enclosures of meadows, or shall maliciously destroy any property whatsoever, belonging to the inhabitants of the United States, unless by order of the then commander in chief of the armies of the said states, shall (besides such penalties as they are liable to by law) be punished according to the nature and degree of the offence, by the judgment of a regimental or general court martial.'
'''Article'' 55. Whosoever, belonging to the armies of the United States, employed in foreign parts, shall force a safe guard, shall suffer death.'
'''Article'' 56. Whosoever shall relieve the enemy with money, victuals, or ammunition, or shall knowingly harbor or protect an enemy, shall suffer death, or such other punishment as shall be ordered by the sentence of a court martial.'
'''Article'' 57. Whosoever shall be convicted of holding correspondence with or giving intelligence to the enemy either directly or indirectly, shall suffer death or such other punishment as shall be ordered by the sentence of a court martial.'
'''Article'' 58. All public stores taken in the enemy's camp, towns, forts, or magazines, whether of artillery, ammunition, clothing, forage or provisions, shall be secured for the service of the United States; for the neglect of which the commanding officer is to be answerable.'
'''Article'' 59. If any commander of any garrison, fortress, or post, shall be compelled, by the officers and soldiers under his command, to give up to the enemy, or to abandon it, the commissioned officers, non-commissioned officers, or soldiers, who shall be convicted of having so offended, shall suffer death, or such other punishment as shall be inflicted upon them by the sentence of a court martial.'
'''Article'' 60. All suttlers and retainers to the camp, and all persons whatsoever, serving with the armies of the United States in the field, though not enlisted soldiers, are to be subject to orders, according to the the rules and discipline of war.'
'''Article'' 61. Officers having brevets, or commissions, of a prior date to those of the regiment in which they serve, may take place in courts martial and on detachments, when composed of different corps, according to the ranks given them in their brevets, or dates of their former commissions; but in the regiment, troop, or company, to which such officers belong, they shall do duty and take rank, both in courts martial and on detachments, which shall be composed only of their own corps, according to the commissions by which they are mustered in the said corps.'
'''Article'' 62. If upon marches, guards, or in quarters, different corps of the army shall happen to join, or do duty together, the officer highest in rank of the line of the army, marine corps, or militia, by commission there, on duty, or in quarters, shall command the whole, and give orders for what is needful to the service, unless otherwise specially directed by the President of the United States, according to the nature of the case.'
'''Article'' 63. The functions of the engineers being generally confined to the most elevated branch of military science, they are not to assume, nor are they subject to be ordered on any duty beyond the line of their immediate profession, except by the special order of the President of the United States; but they are to receive every mark of respect, to which their rank in the army may entitle them, respectively, and are liable to be transferred, at the discretion of the President, from one corps to another, regard being paid to rank.'
'''Article'' 64. General courts martial may consist of any number of commissioned officers, from five to thirteen, inclusively, but they shall not consist of less than thirteen, where that number can be convened, without manifest injury to the service.'
'''Article'' 65. Any general officer commanding an army, or colonel commanding a separate department, may appoint general courts martial, whenever necessary. But no sentence of a court martial shall be carried into execution until after the whole proceedings shall have been laid before the officer ordering the same, or the officer commanding the troops for the time being; neither shall any sentence of a general court martial, in time of peace, extending to the loss of life, or the dismission of a commissioned officer, or which shall, either in time of peace or war, respect a general officer, be carried into execution, until after the whole proceedings shall have been transmitted to the Secretary of War, to be laid before the President of the United States, for his confirmation or disapproval, and orders, in the case. All other sentences may be confirmed and executed by the officer ordering the court to assemble, or the commanding officer, for the time being, as the case may be.'
'''Article'' 66. Every officer commanding a regiment, or corps, may appoint for his own regiment, or corps, courts martial, to consist of three commissioned officers, for the trial and punishment of offences not capital, and decide upon their sentences. For the same purpose, all officers, commanding any of the garrisons, forts, barracks, or other places, where the troops consist of different corps, may assemble courts martial, to consist of three commissioned officers, and decide upon their sentences.'
'''Article'' 67. No garrison, or regimental court martial shall have the power to try capital cases, or commissioned officers; neither shall they inflict a fine exceeding one month's pay, nor imprison, nor put to hard labour, any non-commissioned officer or soldier, for a longer time than one month.'
'''Article'' 68. Whenever it may be found convenient and necessary to the public service, the officers of the marines shall be associated with the officers of the land forces, for the purpose of holding courts martial and trying offenders belonging to either; and in such cases the orders of the senior officer of either corps, who may be present and duly authorized, shall be received and obeyed.'
'''Article'' 69. The judge advocate, or some person deputed by him, or by the general or officer commanding the army, detachment, or garrison, shall prosecute in the name of the United States, but shall so far consider himself as counsel for the prisoner, after the said prisoner shall have made his plea, as to object to any leading question to any of the witnesses, or any question to the prisoner, the answer to which might tend to criminate himself; and administer to each member of the court, before they proceed upon any trial, the following oath, which shall also be taken by all members of the regimental and garrison courts martial:'
'"You A.B. do swear, that you will well and truly try and determine, according to evidence, the matter now before you, between the United States of America and the prisoner to be tried; and that you will duly administer justice, according to the provisions of 'An act establishing rules and articles for the government of the armies of the United States,' without partiality, favour, or affection: and if any doubt shall arise, not explained by said articles, according to your conscience, the best of your understanding, and the custom of war in like cases: and you do further swear, that you will not divulge the sentence of the court until it shall be published by the proper authority: neither will you disclose or discover the vote or opinion of any particular member of the court martial, unless required to give evidence thereof as a witness, by a court of justice, in a due course of law. ''So help you God''."'
'And as soon as the said oath shall have been administered to the respective members, the president of the court shall administer to the judge advocate, or person officiating as such, an oath in the following words:'
'"You A. B. do swear, that you will not disclose or discover the vote or opinion of any particular member of the court martial, unless required to give evidence thereof as a witness, by a court of justice in due course of law; nor divulge the sentence of the court, to any but the proper authority, until it shall be duly disclosed by the same. ''So help you God''."'
'''Article'' 70. When a prisoner arraigned before a general court martial shall, from obstinacy and deliberate design, stand mute or answer foreign to the purpose, the court may proceed to trial and judgment as if the prisoner had regularly pleaded not guilty.'
'''Article'' 71. When a member shall be challenged by a prisoner, he must state his cause of challenge, of which the court shall, after due deliberation, determine the relevancy or validity, and decide accordingly; and no challenge to more than one member at a time shall be received by the court.'
'''Article'' 72. All the members of a court martial are to behave with decency and calmness; and in giving their votes, are to begin with the youngest in commission.'
'''Article'' 73. All persons who give evidence before a court martial, are to be examined on oath or affirmation in the following form:'
'"You swear or affirm, (as the case may be,) the evidence you shall give in the cause now in hearing, shall be the truth, the whole truth, and nothing but the truth. ''So help you God''."'
'''Article'' 74. On the trials of cases not capital, before courts martial, the deposition of witnesses not in the line or staff of the army, may be taken before some justice of the peace, and read in evidence: provided, the prosecutor and the person accused are present at the taking the same, or are duly notified thereof.'
'''Article'' 75. No officer shall be tried but by a general court martial, nor by officers of an inferior rank, if it can be avoided: nor shall any proceedings or trials be carried on excepting between the hours of eight in the morning and three in the afternoon, excepting in cases which, in the opinion of the officer appointing the court martial, require immediate example.'
'''Article'' 76. No person whatsoever shall use any menacing words, signs, or gestures, in presence of a court martial, or shall cause any disorder or riot, or disturb their proceedings, on the penalty of being punished, at the discretion of the said court martial.'
'''Article'' 77. Whenever any officer shall be charged with a crime, he shall be arrested and confined in his barracks, quarters, or tent, and deprived of his sword, by the commanding officer. And any officer who shall leave his confinement before he shall be set at liberty by his commanding officer, or by a superior officer, shall be cashiered.'
'''Article'' 78. Non-commissioned officers and soldiers, charged with crimes, shall be confined, until tried by a court martial, or released by proper authority.'
'''Article'' 79. No officer or soldier who shall be put in arrest, shall continue in confinement more than eight days, or until such time as a court martial can be convened.'
'''Article'' 80. No officer commanding a guard, or provost marshal, shall refuse to receive or keep any prisoner committed to his charge, by an officer belonging to the forces of the United States; provided the officer committing, shall, at the same time, deliver an account in writing, signed by himself, of the crime with which the said prisoner is charged.'
'''Article'' 81. No officer commanding a guard, or provost marshal, shall presume to release any person committed to his charge, without proper authority for so doing, nor shall he suffer any person to escape, on the penalty of being punished for it by the sentence of a court martial.'
'''Article'' 82. Every officer or provost marshal, to whose charge prisoners shall be committed, shall, within twenty-four hours after such commitment, or as soon as he shall be relieved from his guard, make report in writing, to the commanding officer, of their names, their crimes, and the names of the officers who committed them, on the penalty of being punished for disobedience or neglect, at the discretion of a court martial.'
'''Article'' 83. Any commissioned officer convicted before a general court martial of conduct unbecoming an officer and a gentleman, shall be dismissed the service.'
'''Article'' 84. In cases where a court martial may think it proper to sentence a commissioned officer to be suspended from command, they shall have power also to suspend his pay and emoluments for the same time, according to the nature and heinousness of the offence.'
'''Article'' 85. In all cases where a commissioned officer is cashiered for cowardice or fraud, it shall be added in the sentence, that the crime, name, and place of abode and punishment of the delinquent, be published in the newspapers in and about the camp, and of the particular state from which the offender came, or where he usually resides, after which it shall be deemed scandalous for an officer to associate with him.'
'''Article'' 86. The commanding officer of any post or detachment, in which there shall not be a number of officers adequate to form a general court martial, shall, in cases which require the cognizance of such a court, report to the commanding officer of the department, who shall order a court to be assembled at the nearest post or detachment, and the party accused, with necessary witnesses, to be transported to the place where the said court shall be assembled.'
''Article'' 87. No person shall be sentenced to suffer death, but by the concurrence of two thirds of the members of a general court martial, nor except in the cases herein expressly mentioned; nor shall more than fifty lashes be inflicted on any offender, at the discretion of a court martial; and no officer, non-commissioned officer, soldier, or follower of the army, shall be tried a second time for the same offence.'
'''Article'' 88. No person shall be liable to be tried and punished by a general court martial for any offence which shall appear to have been committed more than two years before the issuing of the order for such trial, unless the person, by reason of having absented himself or some other manifest impediment, shall not have been amenable to justice within that period.'
'''Article'' 89. Every officer authorized to order a general court martial, shall have power to pardon or mitigate any punishment ordered by such court, except the sentence of death, or of cashiering an officer; which, in the cases where he has authority (by article 65) to carry them into execution, he may suspend until the pleasure of the President of the United States can be known; which suspension, together with copies of the proceedings of the court martial, the said officer shall immediately transmit to the President, for his determination. And the colonel or commanding officer of the regiment or garrison, where any regimental or garrison court martial shall be held, may pardon or mitigate any punishment ordered by such court to be inflicted.'
'''Article'' 90. Every judge advocate, or person officiating as such, at any general court martial, shall transmit, with as much expedition as the opportunity of time and distance of place can admit, the original proceedings and sentence of such court martial, to the Secretary of War, which said original proceedings and sentence shall be carefully kept and preserved in the office of said secretary, to the end that the persons entitled thereto may be enabled, upon application to the said office, to obtain copies thereof.'
'The party tried by any general court martial, shall, upon demand thereof made by himself or by any person or persons in his behalf, be entitled to a copy of the sentence and proceedings of such court martial.'
'''Article'' 91. In cases where the general or commanding officer may order a court of inquiry to examine into the nature of any transaction, accusation, or imputation against any officer or soldier, the said court shall consist of one or more officers, not exceeding three, and a judge advocate, or other suitable person as a recorder, to reduce the proceedings and evidence to writing, all of whom shall be sworn to the faithful performance of their duty. This court shall have the same power to summon witnesses as a court martial, and to examine them on oath. But they shall not give their opinion on the merits of the case, excepting they shall be thereto specially required. The parties accused shall also be permitted to cross examine and interrogate the witnesses, so as to investigate fully the circumstances in the question.'
'''Article'' 92. The proceedings of a court of inquiry must be authenticated by the signature of the recorder and the president, and delivered to the commanding officer: and the said proceedings may be admitted as evidence by a court martial, in cases not capital, or extending to the dismission of an officer, provided that the circumstances are such, that oral testimony cannot be obtained. But as courts of inquiry may be perverted to dishonourable purposes, and may be considered as engines of destruction to military merit, in the hands of weak and envious commandants, they are hereby prohibited, unless directed by the President of the United States, or demanded by the accused.'
'''Article'' 93. The judge advocate, or recorder, shall administer to the members the following oath:'
'"You shall well and truly examine and inquire, according to your evidence, into the matter now before you, without partiality, favour, affection, prejudice, or hope of reward. So help you God."'
'After which the president shall administer to the judge advocate, or recorder, the following oath:'
'"You A. B. do swear that you will, according to your best abilities, accurately and impartially record the proceedings of the court, and the evidence to be given in the case in hearing. So help you God."'
'The witnesses shall take the same oath as witnesses sworn before a court martial.'
'''Article'' 94. When any commissioned officer shall die or be killed in the service of the United States, the major of the regiment, or the officer doing the major's duty in his absence, or in any post or garrison, the second officer in command, or the assistant military agent, shall immediately secure all his effects or equipage, then in camp or quarters, and shall make an inventory thereof, and forthwith transmit the same to the office of the department of war, to the end that his executors or administrators may receive the same.'
'''Article'' 95. When any non-commissioned officer, or soldier, shall die, or be killed in the service of the United States, the then commanding officer of the troop or company, shall, in the presence of two other commissioned officers, take an account of what effects he died possessed of, above his arms and accoutrements, and transmit the same to the office of the department of war; which said effects are to be accounted for, and paid to the representatives of such deceased non-commissioned officer or soldier. And in case any of the officers, so authorized to take care of the effects of deceased officers and soldiers, should, before they have accounted to their representatives for the same, should, before they have accounted to their representatives for the same, have occasion to leave the regiment, or post, by preferment, or otherwise, they shall, before they be permitted to quit the same, deposit in the hands of the commanding officer, or of the assistant military agent, all the effects of the such deceased non-commissioned officers and soldiers, in order that the same may be secured for, and paid to their respective representatives.'
'''Article'' 96. All officers, conductors, gunners, matrosses, drivers, or other persons whatsoever, receiving pay, or hire, in the service of the artillery, or corps of engineers of the United States, shall be governed by the aforesaid rules and articles, and shall be subject to be tried by courts martial, in like manner with the officers and soldiers of the other troops in the service of the United States.'
'''Article'' 97. The officers and soldiers, of any troops, whether militia or others, being mustered and in pay of the United States, shall, at all times and in all places, when joined, or acting in conjunction with the regular forces of the United States, be governed by these rules and articles of war, and shall be subject to be tried by courts martial, in like manner with the officers and soldiers in the regular forces, save only that such courts martial shall be composed entirely of militia officers.'
'''Article'' 98. All officers, serving by commission from the authority of any particular state, shall, on all detachments, courts martial, or other duty, wherein they may be employed in conjunction with the regular forces of the United States, take rank, next after all officers of the like grade in said regular forces, notwithstanding the commissions of such militia or state officers may be elder than the commissions of the officers of the regular forces of the United States.'
'''Article'' 99. All crimes not capital, and all disorders and neglects which officers and soldiers may be guilty of, to the prejudice of good order and military discipline, though not mentioned in the foregoing articles of war, are to be taken cognizance of by a general or regimental court martial, according to the nature and degree of the offence, and be punished at their discretion.'
'''Article'' 100. The President of the United States shall have power to prescribe the uniform of the army.'
'''Article'' 101. The foregoing articles are to be read and published once in every six months, to every garrison, regiment, troop, or company, mustered or to be mustered in the service of the United States, and are to be duly observed and obeyed by all officers and soldiers who are, or shall be in said service.'
'Sec. 2. ''And be it further enacted'', That in time of war, all persons not citizens of, or owing allegiance to the United States of America, who shall be found lurking as spies, in or about the fortifications or encampments of the armies of the United States, or any of them, shall suffer death, according to the law and usage of nations, by sentence of a general court martial.'
'Sec. 3. ''And be it further enacted'', That the rules and regulations, by which the armies of the United States have heretofore been governed, and the resolves of Congress thereunto annexed, and respecting the same, shall henceforth be void and of no effect, except so far as may relate to any transactions under them, prior to the promulgation of this act, at the several posts and garrisons respectively, occupied by any part of the army of the United States.'
'Approved, April 10, 1806.'
Articles Published by E. O. Orpet in Garden and Forest magazine
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Doronicums as Pot Plants
Although the proper place for these showy Compositae is the hardy flower-garden, they are also suitable for use as winter-flowering plants. If lifted with care in autumn, potted, and placed in a cool house, in the earlier months of spring an abundance of bright yellow flowers will be the result. Besides their beauty, the flowers have the additional value of lasting well when cut. With the above treatment we now have Doronicum Caucasicum in full bloom. This species does not exceed twelve inches in height, and does well in five-inch pots, making it a useful pot plant. D. plantagineum excelsum is also showing flower-buds. This is much taller in habit, and under liberal treatment it grows four or five feet high, with flowers four inches across. D. Austriacum and D. clusii are equally desirable. After flowering in pots, the plants may be placed in the border for the summer, and a second, and even third, crop of flowers will be produced if the soil is rich and abundant water is supplied. Passaic NJ, E. Orpet. 27 February 1889
Some Choice Narcissus
The beautiful little N. Cyclamineas has proved to be of easy culture. Collected bulbs flowering with us for the second season, show a marked improvement, both in size and quantity of bloom. Let us hope that this little gem, after having been lost to cultivation for more than 250 years, has come at last to stay. N triandrus, from Portugal, is now opening in abundance its pretty, pale, pendent flowers. This is often considered hard to keep, but thrives well here under the treatment given to others of its class in a soil two parts loam to one of peat. The varieties of N. Bulbocodium give a display for several months, commencing with var. monophyllus, which is white and of the characteristic "Hoop Petticoat" form. Var. citrinus comes next, with pale yellow flowers, which are just now at their best. N. Bulbocodiumz is the last in order of flowering, and comes a month later. We have also a form of N. Bulbocodium from Portugal which is quite distinct, no two bulbs producing flowers alike, but differing principally in the cut-off appearance of the corona. To the above may be added N. serotinus and N. juncifolius, making an interesting collection for those who have small space at their disposal. All the above-named do well in five inch pots at a temperature of 50 to 55 degrees. Passaic NJ, E. O. Orpet. 6 March 1889
Clematis paniculata
The question is often asked, "What is a good white Clematis to plant as a companion to C. Jackmanni?" To this may be replied C. paniculata. This Japanese species is of vigorous habit, floriferous, hardy, and, above all, long-lived. Young plants with us last summer grew ten feet high and flowered from the ground to the ends of the shoots. In general appearance, C. paniculata somewhat resembles C. flammula, but the foliage is large and leathery, and the flowers are produced in panicles often two feet in length, of a pleasing ivory-white color. They may be seen at their best about the second week in September, at which time the foliage is hidden by the flowers, which are followed by awned seeds with a reddish tint, and last until severe frost sets in. Although introduced in 1796, C. paniculata is by no means common in this country, owing to the difficulty of obtaining good seed, it being usually killed by frost before it is sufficiently matured to germinate.
Shortia galacifolia
This interesting plant has proved perfectly hardy in New Jersey. When it has the protection of a cool house in winter it thrives better, however. The flowers are produced.earlier, and last several weeks in good condition. Established plants flower freely. We have one in a four-inch pot with twenty-four buds, some of which are already expanded. Those who wish to cultivate this plant should, if possible, get established plants; collected ones are uncertain. Shortia galacifolia succeeds well in a soil composed of two parts peat and one of loam. It requires plenty of moisture at all times. We have also found that a half shady spot, such as a cool frame, is best suited to the plant in summer, as the sunlight is apt to scorch the young foliage.
Strong Vitality of Crocus Flowers
In the latter part of November about fifty bulbs of a species of Crocus, probably C. sativus or C. speciosus, were received from a correspondent in Turkey. They came by mail, packed in dry cotton wool, and were, to all appearances, lifeless, but evidently belonging to the autumn-flowering section of the genus, as there were dried flowers of a purplish color attached to the bulbs. However, it was decided to plant them, and, shortly after this was done, signs of growth were visible in the production of leaves and the thickening of the leaf-sheath of the membrane. This thickening was thought to indicate the appearance of more blooms, when we were surprised to find that seed-pods and perfect seeds were formed, and this after the bulbs had traveled thousands of miles between the time of flowering and subsequent continuation of growth. Passaic NJ, E. O. Orpet. 27 March 1889
Galanthus Elwesii
Last fall we planted several hundred bulbs of this pretty Snowdrop in a cold-frame. As the result, probably, of thle abnormal mildness of the winter season, the first week in February found all of them in full bloom, and they are still in good condition, although the soil is frozen solid. The sashes serve to keep off snow and rain, enabling them to maintain their snow-white purity. G. Elwesii is quite distinct fromn G. nivalis and its varieties, the petals being distended and narrowed at the base, the inner perianth-segments smaller, and constricted above their middle. Planted with Chionodoxa Luciliae, this Snowdrop makes a pleasing sight in the early spring mnonths. Both are perfectly hardy.
Ornamental Grasses
The Eulalias, especially E. Japonica and its varieties, Zebrina and Variegata, are well known as ornamental plants, and deservedly so. The Eulalia gracillima univittata, however, is not as widely known as it should be. It is more of a dwarf than those named above, and is of a graceful habit, its distinctive feature being a pure white mid-rib running through each leaf. Last year this plant fully established its value and reliability as a decorative plant. Scirpus Tabermontani zebrina, or Porcupine-grass, as it is sometirmes called, is well worth growing, too. Being of doubtful hardiness, for assured safety it should be wintered in a cool green-house. When first introduced into cultivation it was grown as a warm green-house plant, but has since proved nearly hardy. Any little trouble taken with it will be amply rewarded by its tufts of leaves, two to three feet long, resembling bunches of porcupine-quills, except in color, which in the grass is green and white in alternate bands. The younger leaves are suffused with rose. Another species, equally pretty, is S. Holoschoenus variegatus, a grass with leaves banded in the same way. This is quite hardy, and grows a foot high. These grasses do best in soils that are moist and rich.
Astilbe Japonica aureo reticulata
This is a more valuable plant, if possible, than the species, being quite as useful for flowers, while the leaves are veined with rich yellow. The leaf-stalks, too, are noticeable for their crimson hue, giving the plant a distinct and attractive appearance when grown as a pot plant. This variety is of strong constitution, and promises to become popular. E. O. Orpet. Passaic NJ 3 April 1889
The Flower Garden
The month of April should be a busy time among hardy, herbaceous plants. All dead foliage should be removed and a light top-dressing of well-decayed manure or leaf-mould applied and lightly forked in; care should be taken, however, not to fork where bulbs are planted. Any additions to the hardy plant-border should be made as soon as possible, and this is especially advisable in the case of all kinds of Lilies, for if these are not planted, early root-growth commences, and the prospect of good flowers the first season is not promising. So as not to dry out in summer, even heavier soil, as clay, should be added. With this treatment even the best double kinds will thrive and be perennial. Choice Alpines, such as Androsaces, Gentiana excisa, G. verna, G. aculis, Dianthus glacialis, D. neglectus and Arabis Androsace, should be examined. They will probably be lifted by the action of frost. When such is the case, make them firm, and place a little fresh soil on the surface, and if pieces of porous stone be placed round the plants they will not be liable to injury from heavy rains or dry spells. Hellebores are becoming popular, owing to their season of flowering. These are deep-rooting and need to be planted where they will be sheltered from direct sunshine. We find them succeed best when planted in this way, and when the ground is dug deep and lightened with plenty of leaf-mould. Any bare, dry places should be planted with Pyrethrum Tchihatcihewii. This will form a nice carpet even on a dry bank; and for shady places, such as under trees, where grass will not succeed, Vinca minor and its varieties may be used, and when planted a foot apart a good covering will be the result the first season. Such perennials as may have been raised from seed, should, when large enough to handle, be pricked out in pots, and when well rooted be planted in their permanent positions. Seedlings of many kinds when treated in this way flower well the first year. Passaic NJ, E. O. Orpet. 17 April 1889
Spring Flowers
Owing to the exceptionally mild spring, hardy-flowering plants and bulbs are making a display fully two weeks in advance of their usual flowering period. First in the order of flowering comes Ranunculus aneinonoides, with its masses of Anemone-like, pale pink flowers, an inch across, produced in advance of the much-divided, glaucous-green leaves. This plant is comparatively new, being introduced into cultivation from the Styrian Alps in I883, and it is a charming little plant. R. anzemonoides succeeds well in a moist position in the open border. Fritillaria iudica has been noticeable for its pretty, pendent yellow flowers, usually solitary, on stems six to eight inches high, and lasting a month in good condition. This plant is a native of the western states. Coulter in his " Manual" gives it as distributed through "Utah and Montana to the Sierra Nevada and British Columbia." It cannot, however, be very plentiful, as collectors refuse to supply it a price. This is to be regretted, as F. piudica has a chaste beauty peculiarly its own. Iris reticulata is now at its best. As soon as frost heaves the ground the flowers of this pretty Iris are produced simultaneous with the leaves, and is a good plant for planting en masse for spring effect. Its variety, Krelagei, is a few days earlier, of a paler color, and devoid of perfume, which latter the species possesses to a pleasing degree. I. reticulata produces offsets from the bulbs quite freely, and these may be relied on to flower the second year. Beds of Bulbocodium vernum have a pleasing effect already, their purple Crocuslike flowers being produced in advance of the foliage. When these are planted Colchicumn autumnale should be mixed with the Bulbocodiums. This will give a corresponding crop of bloom, of the same appearance in fall. Erica carnea is blooming more freely than it has ever done. One plant here a yard across makes a striking display, being literally smothered with its pretty pink flowers. Many think the Heather is not hardy in this section. It is hardy enough here as regards standing the cold, but unless protected by snow or some other covering, bright sunshine scorches the tops in very cold weather. Eranthis hyemalis, the Winter Aconite, Scilla Sibirica and the Crocusses are all in bloom, making the hardy flower-garden an attractive spot, even though frost does visit us every night. Passaic NJ, E. O. Orpet. 15 May 1889
Trilliums
Wood-Lilies, or Wake Robins, as they are often called, are among the best of our native spring-flowering plants. Many of the species are valuable for pot culture, and when grown in this way may be easily brought into bloom several weeks before their usual flowering period. To grow Trilliums well, a moist, shady place and rich vegetable mould are necessary, for when found growing wild they are usually in shady woods, where the decaying vegetable matter affords abundance of rich soil for them to luxuriate in year after year. T. grandiflorum is probably the best-known species, and deservedly so on account of its large flowers, snow-white when first expanded, and changing to rosy-pink with age. A quantity of this Trillium growing wild, and just in bloom, is a sight to see and remember. If visited a week or two later the appearance of the flowers is so completely changed that the place will hardly be recognized. T. ovatum is a Pacific Coast species and is as ornamental as T. grandifiorum, the flowers being pure white and fully as large. These two species are often confounded, but on examination are seen to be quite distinct in the shape of the petals and stigma. T. ereclum is a species common in the Eastern States, having green leaves with dark purple flowers. A white variety is also quite common, with yellowish-white petals and purple ovary, a very distinct plant, known as T. erectum albumr. Another eastern species is T. cernuum, or Nodding Trillium. This also is whiteflowered. T. sessile is a species with purple flowers and foliage prettily blotched with purple. The variety T. sessile Californicum is a plant larger in all its parts and with the coloring of leaves and flowers of a much brighter color. This is a very desirable plant, and worth cultivating for its foliage alone. T. nivale and T. pusilluzm are two dwarf species not exceeding six inches in height, both having white flowers. T. pteiolalumz is very distinct in its foliage, which differs from all others in being heart-shaped and borne on long petioles. All of these Trilliums are of easy cultivation when given the position named, and a little trouble taken to make the plants feel comfortable will be amply rewarded. The best time to plant Trilliums is as soon as possible after the foliage has died down in summer or early in the fall. Dicentra eximia.-We received some two years ago a plant of the true Dicentra eximia from a correspondent in Tennessee, and after growing it for two seasons we find that it may be strongly recommended as a hardy border-plant. The flowers are borne in compound racemles on stems about a foot high, and are produced simultaneously witlh the beautiful, finely-cut foliage, which starts in April and continues until autumn frosts. As a border-plant D. eximia is as ornamental as the old D. spectabilis or Bleeding Heart, and is much to be preferred on account of its being persistent. D. sfiec/abilis dies down during the hot summner months. We have found D. eximia to be easily propagated by division and also by seed, when planted in fall. The plant is perfectly hardy near New York. Passaic NJ, E. 0. Orpet. 22 May 1889
Isopyrum biternatum
This pretty native plant is well worthy of cultivation on account of its finely-cut foliage and pure white flowers, which are produced in early spring and have a charming effect when planted in the front row of the flower border among other low-growing plants. This species is a native of the western States, and is perfectly hardy. Another interesting plant is Synliyyris renzformis, which was flowrering early in March, its blue flowers arresting attention by their intense color. Although this plant is found only on the Pacific Coast, it is quite hardy in the eastern States, and even when not in bloom is worth having for its large, shining, reniform leaves. Phlox bifida has generally proved impatient of cultivation, and the more care bestowed upon it the more slender was the hope of success. Last spring we were induced to plant it in a gravelly soil; and, to our surprise, the plants are now in a vigorous condition and flowering freely. The petals are so deeply cleft as to remind one of the spokes of a wheel. Gentiana acaulis.---What can equal in intensity the rich deep blue of the Gentianella? We have a number of strong plants covered with their lovely blue flowers. Many species of this genus are hard to cultivate, G. verna being one which we have tried and failed with miserably, and there are others of which the sanme might be said; but it is not so with G. acaulis, which is, perhaps, the finest species in cultivation. If planted in a rich, moist soil, where the roots mnay penetrate deeply and be in no danger of drouth, G. acaulis may be grown and flowered successfully year after year. Ours have received no protection from hot sun in summer and have passed through a winter which, on the whole, has not been a good one for alpine plants, which are usually at their best after a winter covering of snow, and yet the plants under note are now a sight to gladden the dullest eye. Those who wish to grow the Gentianella are advised to get strong plants to start with. Our experience with weak ones has taught us this lesson.
Polemoniums.
There appears to be some confusion about the species of this beautiful fanmily of hardy perennials. In the Dictionary of Gardening, P. Richardsonii is given as a synonym of P. humile. Now we have P. humile in bloomn side bly side with P. Richardsonii, and the two plants are quite distinct; P. Richardsonii has blue flowers nearly an inch in diameter and grows nearly two feet high. This we obtained from a reliable firm in England. P. humile is a much dwarfer plant, with a somewhat creeping habit, and the flowers correspondingly small. This we received direct from the Rocky Mountains. Also, the two (being synonyms) are given as flowering in July; here they are at their best in April. I should like to have the experience of other growers of these plants. Passaic NJ, E. O. Orpet. 10 July 1889
Orchids in New Jersey
Although small in comparison with the area of many other states, New Jersey possesses a surprisingly rich flora of its own. Its shady hill-sides and extensive swamps are peculiarly adapted to the growth and reproduction of the various members of the Orchid family indigenous to the eastern States. I have found places in shady woods where Cypripedium pubescens and C. parviflorum were found covering acres of ground, the fragrance of their flowers being especially noticeable. This I have never found so pronounced when plants were grown in gardens. These two plants are found growing in clumps together here, and it would appear as if the one might be a minor form of the other. Orchis spectabilis is plentiful in the same locality, and so are Habenaria Hookeri and H. orbiculata, all thriving luxuriantly in the rich vegetable mould, the result of ages of growth and decay. C. acaule grows on lower levels, and appears to thrive best in a drier soil. Just what this plant needs to keep it in cultivation we have never been able to ascertain. During the past few days I have found whole colonies of Pogonia ophioglossoides and Calopogon pulchellus, the forner noticeable for its exquisite sweetness and the richly-marked lip, while the Calopogon could be distinguished at a long distance by its purple flowers, an inch and a half in diameter. If these two plants were exotics how they would be sought and appreciated. The same may be said of Cypripedium spectabile. This plant is found near Lake Hopatcong, and is said to be quite plentiful, though we never had the good fortune to find more than a few plants. Habenaria fimbriata, H. virescens and H. lacera are now in flower. The two latter have inconspicuous green flowers, and are often passed by unseen. In July and August the orange-colored H. ciliaris will be at is best. I shall never forget the impression made by the first glimpse of a swamp of many acres tinged over with the bright golden-yellow of the Fringed Orchis. The plants were found growing literally by the thousand, and showed considerable variation in the color of their flowers. H. tridentata and H. psycodes are also found at the same place and time. I have seen quantities of Arethusa bulbosa that were collected near here in New Jersey, but tried in vain to learn the locality, and although it is quite plentiful in some parts of the state, it has never been my good fortune to find it. Last year I found one plant of Habenaria rotundifolia, which is rarely seen so far south. This year I sought it again, having carefully noted the spot, but it was gone. Some zealous collector had probably found it and taken it away. Passaic NJ, O. 14 August 1889
Named Hollyhocks
For two years past we have been growing and flowering all the named Hollyhocks it has been possible to obtain of the famous Chater strain, nunmbering, in all, some twenty-five sorts, all of which are distinct, and some for perfect form and rich color well deserving the epithet beautiful. For the guidance of those who wish to grow these fine, oldfashioned garden-flowers, I would recommend among white varieties Virginalis as the best, it being pure white and of good form. Royal White has a tinge of yellow in the centre; Enchantress is a pretty, delicate blush; Lady Paxton is pink, with a large flower and very wide guard-petals; Constance is pink, large, and very double; Fairest of the Fair is a bright rose, large, and very pure in color; Fanny Chater is a dark rose; Reverend Dix is crimson, and a first-rate kind; George Eyles is dark crimson; Theresa is crimson and pink, prettily fringed; Warrior is salmon-red; Royal Scarlet is orange-red; Imperator is dark-red; Plurimus Dulcis, a beautiful buff; Joshua Clarke, sulphur-yellow; Gem of the Yellows, an intensely bright yellow; Royal Purple, a dark purple, and a fine flower. Every one of those named is distinct and worthy of cultivation. If seeds are sown as soon as gathered, and the plants carefully potted off and protected during winter, most of them will flower during the following summer. Our plants were raised from seed sown early in spring and planted out in the open, where they flowered the followipng year. This is the best way to get strong, large, flowering stems; many of ours were eight feet high and flowered five feet of their length. We find it necessary here in New Jersey to protect the plants in winter when left in the open ground, and place a covering of leaves or salt hady around them just after the ground freezes and before snow. It would be better still to pot them and place in a cool house, or frame and plant out again early in spring. We do not anticipate any such evil results in this climate from the Hollyhock disease as have occurred in England, where the culture of this flower has been almost given up. Here, in wet seasons, we have had plants slightly affected, but they have invariably grown out of it and been none the worse. Hollyhocks mnay always be relied upon to come true from seed. Of the thousands we raised, not one showed signs of variation from the description given of them.
Viola pedata
The pretty Bird's-foot Violet, when planted in quantity, is one of the finest of its genus for the decoration of the garden, not only on account of its unique form, both of flowers and foliage, but on account of its free flowering qualities. The varieties of this plant, V. p. alba and V. p. bicolor (the Pansy Violet), are prettier than the type. This Violet seems to vary considerably in size of flower and shape of leaves; the best that have ever come under my notice are a quantity received last spring from Tennessee. These were planted in a bed and have become thoroughly established, having flowered for some time, and, in spite of recent heavy rains, remain as bright as ever. Many of the blooms measure one and three-fourths inches in diameter, eclipsing any we have ever seen that were collected in the eastern states. Many are under the impression that this plant is difficult to cultivate, and our own experience was not satisfactory until we tried planting in sandy soil well enriched with decayed vegetable-mould, when the results proved all that could be desired. All the varieties of V. pedata come from true seed, but seed is very liable to be scattered by the plant itself, owing to the propelling power of the divisions of the capsule when ripening, so that these must be picked as soon as ever they show signs of maturity and the seed sown at once and allowed to freeze during winter; germination will then take place the following spring. Viola pedata should be taken up every third year, the crowns separated and replanted; and this is best done early in the fall, so that the spring crop of flowers may not be diminished, as would be the case if this operation were deferred until spring. Passaic NJ, E. O. Orpet. 18 September 1889
Autumn Work in the Flower Garden
When any alterations in the flower-garden are contemplated, many of these can always be made in autumn, and whatever is done in the way of shifting plants should not be delayed too long. The fall is the only proper time to miove such early flowering plants as German Iris, Paeonies, Phloxes of the Subulata section, Narcissus, Camassias and all others that bloom in the early summuer months. Plants lifted carefully at least six weeks before the advent of frost have ample time to mnake enough young roots to carry them through the winter, as the soil is still quite warm, and wherever it is sufficiently moist, action is by no means suspended. Lilies may now be transplanted as soon as the foliage and stems show signs of ripening, as this is the only time when they take a rest, and but a short one at that. A little later, roots will be starting from the base of the bulbs to carry them through the winter and until such time in the spring as the shoots are far enough advanced to supply their own feeders. Many failures result from planting Lilies in fall, because the bulbs have no chance to establish themselves before all growth is arrested by frost, and they are in a poor condition to meet the demand upon them in spring, when the young shoots should be produced. It is often the case that bulbs remain dormant a whole year from this cause. Any one who has grown Lilies is always in a position to report failures with some one or other of his pets, and this is not to be wondered at when it is considered that bulbs are received from their homes in all parts of the world and all are expected to thrive satisfactorily in the same spot and under the same treatment. Here in the East the Japanese Lilies grow without any trouble, but there are many of the California kinds that require protection, and this is easily provided. They should be planted with others of the more tender kinds, suclh as L. giganteum, L. Krameri, L. excelsum, L. longiflorum, L. Dalmaticum, L. Szovitsianum, all near each other, where they may be shaded from the mid-day sun, and when the ground begins to freeze up a frame may be placed over them, filled with dry leaves and covered with shutters to keep out rain and sun-heat. In this way many delicate plants may be cultivated successfully. We never had Anemone fulgens so good as when thus treated. In the early part of May the bed was a perfect blaze of color. Sternbergia lutea, too, may be grown and flowered well, and many other things that cannot be trusted to the tender nmercies of an Eastern winter. The frame should be removed as soon as-the shoots are above ground in spring and all danger from spring frosts is passed. If the soil be heavy, and of a retentive nature, the addition of a little sand for the choicer Lilies will be an advantage, and we find powdered charcoal excellent to place around the base of the bulbs themselves. This promotes healthy root-action and assists in keeping away worms and grubs. If the soil is poor and it is necessary to add manure, care must be taken that it does not come in contact with the bulbs, which latter should first be covered with two or three inches of soil. The manure, which should be well decomposed, or, better still, decayed leaf-mould, should then be applied. In a position shaded from hot sunshine, and where tree-roots are not liable to rob the soil, it is not too much to expect that almost all the known Lilies can be successfully cultivated in a very limited space, year after year. The care and time bestowed upon these most beautiful of hardy flowers will be amply repaid by the abundance and richness of bloom and, eventually, by the increase of bulbs. Passaic NJ, E. O. Orpet. 16 October 1889
Notes on Hardy Plants
The present season has been noticeable for the abundance of moisture and the total immunity, thus far, from frost, conditions, taken on the whole, very favorable for the strong growth and flowering of hardy plants. Anemone Japonica and its varieties have never made so fine a display as that of the past weeks, the pure white form, Honorine Joubert, being most beautiful in its snowy-white petals and conspicuous yellow anthers. The pink form, known as Hybrida, is of a lovely shade of bright pink, a most suitable companion plant to the white one. It appears that the proper name of this hybrid Anemone is Elegans, but in the trade lists this name is very seldom used. We are also growing what is known as the type A. Japonica, and, if this is correctly named, it is singular how much more robust and beautiful the varieties are than the parent plant. The flowers of the latter are semi-double and of a dark rosy-carmine, a pretty color enough, but the plant sadly lacks the constitutional vigor so characteristic of the other two varieties. Of Kniphofias (since the generic name, Tritoma, is doomed to slow death), K. grandis has proved itself worthy of the name by its majestic autumnal beauty. These plants have shown to better advantage this year than ever before. K. grandis is now bearing numerous grand flower-spikes five feet high; and its bright red and yellow flowers make it the most showy plant in the garden. It is the best of the tall-growing kinds, and is the more valuable on account of its late flowering habit. This plant has always been known as Tritoma grandis, but it appears that we must hereafter call it Kniphofia aloides maxima. K. carnosa is a pretty, remarkable and distinct species; pretty, in that its flower-spikes do not exceed eighteen inches and are most useful for cutting purposes; remarkable in its flowers, which, unlike all other species that have come under our notice, commence to open at the apex of the spike and continue to flower downward; and lastly, distinct in being a native of Abyssinia, while most of this genus hail from South Africa, and also in being strictly deciduous, the foliage dying down in the fall to a thick, fleshy rootstock, which should then be lifted and potted, and given plenty of heat in spring to induce it to start early. When nicely started it should be planted out in a warm position in good rich soil. Treated in this manner, its liability to be damaged by early frosts is considerably lessened. It is singular that, with all our care and solicitude, we have never been able to obtain a single seed of this plant. All other kinds seed freely with us, and prove only too susceptible to hybridization. We are hoping for good results from the use of pollen of K. carnosa on species of the evergreen section. Passaic NJ, E. O. Orpet 23 October 1889
Primula cortusoides Sieboldii
P. Sieboldii is one of the brightest colored species, and in this respect stands unrivaled among hardy Primroses. Our first acquaintance with this plant was made when it was grown in pots for decorating the conservatory, and very suitable it is for that purpose, but now that there is no question of its hardiness, and plants are easily procured, one can muster up courage enough to plant them out in the open ground. Care should be taken when selecting a place for the plants, to choose a half shady position where the rays of the sun during the hottest part of the day may not strike them, as in this climate few Primulas can endure complete exposure to the sun. It is well to bear in mind also that this variety is seen to the best advantage when associated with others of the genus, such as Primnroses, Polyanthus and Auriculas, and in this way P. Sieboldii shines conspicuously bright, and its large flowers of deep rose, over an inch across, borne on many flowered stems just above the foliage, cannot be surpassed for their pleasing effect in early spring. The foliage dies off completely in fall, and this is the proper time to transplant. It should be borne in mind that this species is strictly surface rooting; consequently the roots should be only slightly covered with soil, and should then receive a top dressing of well decomposed manure. This may be removed in spring, just as the plants begin to show signs of starting, as all the nutriment will have been appropriated by the soil; and as a protection the manure is no longer needed. With us Siebold's Primrose bears seed freely, and if this is sown when ripe it soon germinates, and in twelve months makes flowering plants. We have now a fine collection for flowering next spring. Florists have already been at work on this plant, but the progress made toward improved varieties has not been remarkable. The type still holds its own against all the seedling sorts, although some of these are pretty enough and well worth growing. Amongst them are two white varieties, Intermedia Alba and Grandiflora Alba. These have the merit of being very distinct. Amongst others we have tried are Ruby, Laciniata, Lilacina, Clarkaeflora and Purple Queen, the varietal names of which are sufficiently descriptive. They are the best of some twelve or more varieties usually seen in trade lists. Passaic NJ, E. O. Orpet. 6 November 1889
Dicentra eximia
Last spring we took occasion to call attention to this plant as one of the best of recent additions to the list of native plants, suitable and desirable for cultivation. After the second season's trial of it we cannot forbear to mention the fact that from the first week in May to the last week in October Dicentra eximia has been constantly in flower. Moreover, the odor so apparent in D. spectabilis and other varieties of the Fumariaceae, is totally absent in the plant under note. The figure of D. eximia, given in the " Dictionary of Gardening," is not a good representation of the plant, as it is with us. This may be accounted for on the supposition that the difference in climate affects the appearance of the plant, or that our plant is a geographical form of the plant commonly grown elsewhere under the name of D. eximia. Our original plant came from Tennessee, where it is by no means common in a wild state. There, however, it seeds freely, whereas here it rarely produces a seed vessel, owing probably to the absence of the necessary insect agency. The flowers are closed at the apex, and the bees here, when forcing an entrance, injure the organs of reproduction to such an extent as to preclude the possibility of successful fertilization. D. eximia must therefore be propagated mainly by division, and this is easily accomplished early in spring before the growth is far advanced. It may also be added that when seed is produced it must be sown at once, and then germination will take place the following spring. Seeds of plants included in the order Fumariaceae are notoriously long in germinating. Passaic NJ E. O. Orpet. 20 November 1889
The Flower-Garden in Autumn
The time to protect the flower borders has now arrived, and preparation should at once be made for this work before the advent of severe frost, for although this may be delayed for some weeks, yet everything should be ready for it. We often observe elaborate directions about "cleaning up," but some gardeners carry their worship of the idol of cleanliness too far. We should never forget the necessity of leaving on the plants just that natural form of protection which they duly provide for themselves-that is, dead leaves and flower stalks. An example or two will illustrate my meaning, and the rest can be left to the judgement. Many gardeners, for the sake of appearance, in fall cut off all ripened foliage from such plants as Iris laevigata. Now, we have proved to our satisfaction that this is highly injurious, as frost and melted snow make use of the opportunity to get down into the very hearts of the plants, and the inevitable result is that next season one waits in vain for the reappearance in their accustomed vigor of the young shoots, and when they do come they are liable during the earlier stages of their growth to be injured by late spring frosts if deprived of their natural protection. Eulalia Japonica, and its varieties, are plants that are generally regarded as of doubtful hardiness, and we confess to having lifted them every fall during the past two seasons. However, we have taken notice of a large circular bed of this Grass at a neighboring railroad-station which thrives amazingly year after year, by no means on account of the attention given to it, but simply because it is left alone until the time for tidying up in spring, and then the tops are cut off. Meanwhile some of our own plants, left out, with their tops cut off and carefully covered with soil, were completely killed, not one surviving. Another instance of mistaken zeal is the removal of the dead flowering stems of Lilies. These, of all other plants, are susceptible to injury from moisture in winter, and when the stems are removed an excellent passage for water is made straight to the centre of the bulbs, and decay is the inevitable result. Nature has tried to enforce this lesson upon us by the tenacity with which the perfectly lifeless stems cling to the living bulbs until the young shoots are prepared to take their place in spring, after which the old stems are easily removed. Many other instances might be cited, but the judgment of the cultivator may be relied upon to furnish them for himself. The object in view while writing this is to point out that, while "cleanliness is next to godliness," it is by no means the best practice to remove every vestige of dead leaves and flower stems from the flower-garden while protecting the flowers against the ravages of a winter's frost. Passaic NJ, E. O. Orpet. 22 January 1890
Perennials from Seed I
There seems to be some doubt among amateurs as to the feasibility of raising hardy plants from seed, and, judging from advice given in some horticultural papers, it would appear that this, the most natural method of increasing one's stock of perennials, was but indifferently understood. When it is taken into consideration that seed is the medium which Nature has provided, and by means of which nearly all plants naturally spread and perpetuate their species, it only remains to take into consideration the surroundings in which the plants are found, such as climate and position, to enable even the uninitiated to succeed in raising these plants from seed. To American cultivators the one great difficulty encountered at the outset is the means of obtaining good and fresh seed of plants of this description, as there does not appear to be any one yet who has taken up this branch of business and made a specialty of it; for, as a rule, none but the commoner kinds are catalogued, and these are easily and cheaply purchased, while the more rare and expensive kinds are no more difficult to raise from seed, and a good, thrifty plant raised in this way is far more likely to become established than a miffy or minute imported plant. Nothing is more certain, however, than that when the demand comes, the supply will be equal to it.
During the past two months we have sowed over 400 kinds of seed, many of them being seeds of plants which cannot be obtained in any other way. Of those sown about one-fourth have yet to germinate, and this is just about the percentage of perennials which do not come as easily from seed as annuals. With these even it is only a question of time and careful attention in the matter of watering in some cases, while with such as are indigenous to alpine regions, judicious freezing is needed to bring about germination with the advent of spring sunshine. Of those plants whose seeds are usually long in germination, a large number are included among the Ranunculaceae, such as Trollius, most of the awned Anemones and Clematis. In the same list belong species of Iris, which have round seeds, Dictarnnus, Alstromerias, most Liliaceous plants, and some of the Fumariaceae, as Corydalis and Dicentra. This rule, covering certain families, is by no means a hard and fast one, as for instance, we sowed seed of the pretty Algerian Ranunculus bullatus, and it germinated in a week, while the seeds of R. Lyallii, probably the finest of the genus, which we have recently received from New Zealand, may require two years before they appear from the time of sowing. At least this time was required in the only instance of which one can find record where these plants were raised from seed. This is an exceptional case, of course. We name the above kinds as extreme cases, so that there need be no disappointment at delay. The best time to sow seeds of perennials, when it is intended to do so on a large scale, and where a good, light structure and fire heat are at disposal, is, without doubt, as soon as good, fresh seed can be purchased from the growers, or, in other words, any time during the winter or early spring months.
There is a two-fold advantage in sowing as early as possible, in that it not only enables one to devote the necessary attention to the young seedling plants at the proper time and when out-door work is at a standstill, but also that the plants may be strongly established in pots when the time arrives for transferring these to their permanent quarters in the open ground, where many of them will flower the first year, or within twelve monlths from the time of sowing. We are aware that it is usually thought best to sow seed of all kinds in spring, when increased light and sunshine may be relied on to accelerate growth, and this is so when one has not control over the conditions necessary to ensure germination and a subsequent continuation of growth, as in a well-heated house. Should a hot-bed or cold frame be the only facilities at command, the success need not necessarily be less, but sowing must be deferred until the departure of frost. On sowing in the open ground we cannot speak favorably, owing to the trying influence of long continued drought and heavy thunder-storms. O. Passaic NJ 29 January 1890
Perennials From Seed II
The compost which is found suitable for all kinds of perennial plants is a mixture of loam and well decomposed leaf mould, in equal quantities, with the addition of a shovelful of charcoal dust to the bushel of soil. Should the loam be of a clayey nature, a shovel full of sand should be added. The influence of the charcoal is purely mechanical, but the benefits derived from its use cannot be overestinated. Before using it, we often found that, during a period of dull weather, the young seedling plants damped off in quantities, causing serious loss and disappointment. The charcoal has obviated this, but it necessitates a more frequent use of the watering pot. Before using, the soil should be passed through a quarter-inch sieve and thoroughly mixed, keeping a sharp look out for worms, which make trouble in the seed-pan. The soil, when in fit condition for use should by no means be dry, but it should not be so wet that any portion of it adheres to the hands. We use shallow seed-pans of two sizes, the smaller being four inches wide and two deep; the larger, seven inches wide and two and a half deep. Pans are preferable to boxes, unless the latter be new, as in old wood there is always a tendency to fungoid growth. The pans should be filled with soil to within a fourth of an inch of the top, and this should be made moderately firm and smooth with the bottom of another pan. The seed may then be sown evenly and covered with soil sifted through a fine sieve made of wire mosquito-netting. The soil left in the sieve should be used in the bottom of the next pan as drainage. Care must be taken not to cover the seeds too deeply; if they are barely hidden the covering will suffice. Many people advocate sowing small seeds without any covering. This necessitates shading from the sun, and if the seed be not quick to germinate, a mossy growth often covers the surface, through which it is difficult for small seeds to penetrate. Should this growth appear on the surface of the soil it may be smothered by sprinkling sand on it. When seeds are sown the soil that covers them should on no account be pressed, as this renders germination very difficult with many kinds of plants, especially those that have small seeds. The pans should be watered as soon as sown, and after this must never become quite dry, neither must the pans be filled so full that the seeds can be washed out. Pots may be used in the absence of pans, but pots must be filled half their depth swith broken crocks as drainage. Under the above treatment the majority of perennial plants may be raised from seed in a period varying from a week to two months, but, as has been already stated, many kinds are naturally slow to germinate, and the pans containing these may, during summer, be plunged in sand in a cold frame. When treated thus, less water will be required, and the soil will not become sour. Passaic NJ, E. O. Orpet. 12 February 1890
Perennial Pyrethrums
here are few hardy plants that have lent themselves so kindly to the skillful manipulation of the florist and been so obviously improved thereby as the parent of this useful race of hardy plants, Pyrethrum roseum. Indeed it is a mystery how, from this, the original species, a pretty thing in itself, much resembling a rose-colored Ox-eye Daisy, such beautiful varieties have been obtained, notably the one with large, double white flowers with not a tinge of color to mar their snowy purity and others of the brightest crimson and all the various shades between the two. Their cultivation is extremely simple, as it is only necessary to plant them in good soil well enriched and leave them alone, to become possessed of fine strong clumps, and it is from these that good and satisfactory results may be anticipated. The flowering period of these Pyrethrums extends over the whole of the summer season, and this is a trait worthy of special notice when one considers the durability of the flowers in a cut state. When it is desired to increase the stock of plants none but strong clumps should be selected for this purpose, and the operation is best'performed in spring, as early as possible, when the plants may-be taken up, care being taken to secure roots to each portion of the plant. These may then be replanted and the operation will prove beneficial if carefull performed. Pyrethrums may also be easily raised from seed if it is fresh and of a good' strain, such as sent out by the large European seed-growers. All of the plants. will not produce double flowers, still the single ones are exceedingly pretty and useful,, and: indeed some growers are making a specialty. of single varieties. Some of the older double varieties named below are. still. as. good as any that can be -found either in catalogues or gardens.. The, two. best white varieties are Mount Blanc and White Aster, while Captain Nares, Emilie Lemoine and Progress. are among the best reds; and Ne plus ultra, Iveryana, Dr. Livingstone and La Vestal are all good shades of pink and lilac; J. N. Swerdy is a brilliant red and good. All of these we have grown and find them as good as the best. Each year adds new kinds to the already long list. Passaic, N.J. 0. 12 February 1890
Perennials from Seed III
After the seeds have germinated and are large enough to handle - that is, when there are at least two fully developed leaves besides the seed-leaves - the time has arrived for transplanting or pricking out into boxes or pots. This is a critical period in the life of the plant, and inattention then often results in a weak or spindly growth, which necessitates weeks of nursing and care to strengthen and enable it to stand the hot sun sufficiently to bear planting out permanently. This is especially true when, as sometimes happens, the seeds come up thickly in the pan. If the rougher portion of the soil has been used as drainage to the seed-pan, the young plants can be separated easily without injury to a single root, but when moss or leaves are used there is great difficulty in disentangling the roots, and the young seedlings receive a severe check. Three-inch pots are the most suitable size if the plants are of strong, robust habit, such as Delphinium, Coreopsis, Hollyhock, Papaver and Lathyrus. In pots of this size the young plants will grow strong and form a mass of roots that will defy any period of dry weather that may ensue if they are well watered before planting. The best soil is two-thirds good loam and one-third leaf-mould. Should the plants be naturally tender-rooted, it is best to place them at the side of the pot instead of in the centre, for the young roots love to feel the side of the pot, and when they find the way around it is the time when the plant seems to enjoy life the most. For all small, dwarf-growing plants of alpine character two-inch pots are large enough. After potting, the young plants will need careful watering, although water should never be given until they really need it, and during bright sunshine a sheet of newspaper should be thrown over them until they have become well established. The temperature should be the same as that in which the seeds were raised - fifty-five to sixty degrees by day and fifty by night - until the plants have filled the pots with roots, when they may be kept cooler and gradually hardened off.
The final planting out may be done as soon as possible after the departure of frost and when the soil is in good working order. Their permanent places should be determined beforehand, and the soil made rich with fine manure. Where large collections of hardy plants are grown it is always found best to set apart a piece of ground, away from the flower-garden proper, for use as a reserve ground or nursery, where seedlings can be cared for until they reach their normal size and strength. From this they may be moved to any desired situation without any fear as to their ultimate success. This is a plan that should be adopted by all who can spare the space, for gaps are sure to occur in the borders every season, and one has only to turn to the reserve ground to fill them all up, and if a friend wishes to exchange a young thrifty plant is always available for that purpose. Should any new or rare plants be received, and they are planted among established plants, the food provided for their nourishment is speedily devoured by their hungry neighbors, whereas if nursed by themselves, with others newly planted, all have an equal chance. The reserve ground will be found useful, too, when cut flowers are wanted, and this saves the border from depletion. When planting we make a trench with the spade, put manure in the bottom, and cover with an inch or so of soil. Then we place the plant against the side of the trench, and if the roots have not been confined in a pot we spread them out and cover first with the finer soil, and when sufficient soil is in, press sidewise with the foot until it is firm. When the roots start they will be attracted downward by the manure, where they will remain out of the reach of harm from dry weather or other trying climatic conditions. When the plants have balls of soil attached to the roots they may be planted in the same way, but care should be taken that the balls of soil are not broken. When treated as we have advised hardy perennials may be raised from seed as easily as annuals, and there is no reason why they should not be grown in every garden. Passaic NJ, E. O. Orpet. 19 February 1890
Lachenalia Nelsoni
The admirers of hardy plants owe a debt of gratitude to the late Rev. J. Nelson for the valuable garden varieties of the common Moss Pink (Phlox subulata), which were originated by his skill, and have proved so valuable in the spring garden. Many other admirable hybrids were produced by this enthusiastic amateur, and among them the one named at the head of this paragraph. Of all the Lachenalias we have tried this is best adapted to general use. The flowers are bright coral-red in bud, and golden yellow when expanded; they are borne on stems six to eight inches long just above the foliage, which is prettily mottled with brown. The value of Lachenalias as winter-blooming plants lies in the durability of their flowers, which last in good condition for nearly two months. Nothing is more simple than the culture of these bulbs. They should be potted in September, three in a four-inch pot, and in winter kept in a light place, where the temperature does not fall lower than forty-five degrees; they will then flower in January and February. After flowering the foliage soon dies down, when the bulbs require no water until potted again in September. There is no reason why these plants should not become popular for window-culture, as the conditions necessary to the successful flowering of a Geranium in winter suits Lachenalia Nelsoni admirably, both, in fact, being the offspring of plants native to South Africa. Passaic NJ, E. O. Orpet. 12 March 1890
Doronicums
Mr. John Thorpe has done well to call attention to these desirable plants for winter blooming. Some twelve months ago I wrote of the value of D. Caucasicum for cutting purposes, and to this should be added D. plantagineum excelsum, the flowers of which are often four inches in diameter. Our plants have flowered for the past two months in a house where frost was excluded. In cases where this cool treatment is given the plants do not seem to suffer in any way when planted out in spring, but flower right on through the early summer months if placed in a rich, moist soil. With us D. Clusii is not a success, owing to its provoking habit of rotting in the centre, by which the plant is often completely destroyed. This has been our experience during the past two years with D. Clusii, both in-doors and in the open ground.
Dianthus latifolius
There are not many perennial Dianthuses that will flower in four months from sowing the seed, but we sowed a packet of seed of D. latifolius about the end of September and the plants began to flower early in the new year. In habit this Dianthus resembles the Sweet William (D. barbatus), but the foliage is much broader, and the flowers are an inch across and are produced in clusters on long stems, so that they are very useful for cutting purposes, especially so since the unopened buds expand in water. We know of no Dianthus with flowers of such a brilliant, rich crimson as those of D. latifolius. It is a desirable plant where winter flowers are required in quantity. Passaic NJ, E. O. Orpet. 26 March 1890
Iris Susiana
Of the numerous species of Iris now in cultivation, none are more beautiful than this. Exquisitely delicate is the penciling of the petals, the inner three of which, usually known as standards, are of such a size as to place this species among the largest of the genus, a well developed flower measuring seven inches across. The three outer and lower petals, or falls, are partly clothed with a dense beard, and have a dark brown blotch in the centre of each. This plant is by no means a new one, having been among those cultivated by Gerard and figured in his Herbal three centuries ago. Iris Susiana is a native of Mesopotamia and Syria, and it is unfortunately too seldom met with in flower under cultivation. This is probably because its peculiar habits and requirements are not sufficiently understood.. Iberica much resembles I. Susiana in this respect, and both belong to a division of the sub-genus Euiris, known as Oncocyclls, so that their botanical and cultural affinity is well marked, and we find them both to succeed well under the same treatment. These Irises are usually imported in autumn in a dried state, together with other flower-roots, and when received they should be potted up in a sandy compost and placed in a cool house or frame, where they will commence to grow at once, and continue to do so through the winter until their flowering season, which is in early spring. They rarely flower, however, the first year. When the weather will permit the plants may be transferred to a well drained soil in the border. In June the leaves die down, and the plants rest until September. During this period of rest English growers place a hand-light over the plants to ripen them by artificial drought. This is not necessary here, owing to the greater amount of sun-heat to which they are naturally subjected. In September growth begins and continues throughout the winter if the plants be lifted in fall, potted and placed in a cool house; and then flowers may be expected in March. It must not be inferred from this that these Irises are not hardy, for we have flowered them in the open ground and expect to do so again. But when their beauty and the simplicity of their culture is considered, it is not too much to ask for them pot-room in a cool house, where they will present a welcome relief to the monotony of Calceolarias and Cinerarias in the spring months. Passaic NJ, E. O. Orpet. 2 April 1890
Heuchera sanguinea
I am pleased to be able to record the hardiness of this plant during the past winter, having left one out without the slightest protection as a test plant. It may be said that the last was not fairly a test winter; but with such plants as are evergreen and have their growing parts all above ground, as in Heuchera sanguinea, the fluctuations of temperature are more injurious than a continued period of severe Weather, for under the one the plants are often incited into premature growth, and thus more easily killed, while during protracted severe weather the usual accompaniment of a coat of snow is the best possible protection against both sun and frost.
Aubrietia Leichtlini
This new Aubrietia is now flowering with us for the first time, and if proof were necessary of its value as a garden plant other than that contained in the specific name the plant bears, it will be found in the decided bright rose color of the flowers. As is well known, all other Aubrietias have flowers of various shades of violet-blue, and their value as spring decorative plants for association with such plants as the varieties of the Moss Pink for spring effect cannot be overestimated. Aubrietias supply the one tint lacking in the many varieties of Phlox subulata. They are easily raised from seed; but if it is desired to perpetuate any particular variety, this must be done by division and cuttings in fall, as seedling plants vary considerably, especially where more than one variety is cultivated; so, taking into consideration this fact, it is safe to advise that A. Leichtlini be propagated by division. We once had a white Aubrietia under cultivation; but soon discarded it, owing to the insignificance of its flowers, which were no better than those of the common Chickweed. Passaic HJ, O 16 April 1890
Pentstemons for the Garden
The genus Pentstemon is an extensive, and, with one exception, a peculiarly North American one, many species being desirable plants for the hardy-flower border, while others are showy but not hardy here in the Eastern States, and others again are of botanical interest only. One of the great charms of the English flower border in the summer months is the beautiful race of florists' varieties of Pentstemons, and it is much to be regretted that these are not suitable for cultivation here, being too tender to withstand our winters. This is, also, unfortunately true of some of the best western species. Pentstemons seem to thrive best in a light, rich soil, in the open border, and in such a position all are perennial. P. grandiflorus is one of the showiest we have grown. It has spikes of pretty bluish lilac flowers and grows about two feet high. It has glaucous foliage, seeds freely, and self-sown plants produce better flowers than old ones. There is a variety of P. grandiflorus with dark purple flowers which is distinct and desirable. It seems constant, having come true from seed, and bids fair to be a popular plant. P. Cobaea has, perhaps, larger flowers than the last, and these bear a striking resemblance to the old Cobaea Scandens of greenhouses, with its purple, white striped flowers. The variety of P. Cobaea known as Purpurea has much darker flowers and is quite distinct. This may also be easily raised from seed. P. ovalus is a species with pretty bright blue flowers, which change to purple, and though in this species the flowers are smaller than in those named above, they are much more abundant. This plant is best propagated by cuttings taken in fall and wintered in pots in a cold frame. P. diffusus is a species of dwarf branching habit and pretty blue flowers borne in great abundance. This plant is liable to be injured in severe winters, but does well with a little protection. P. fruinosus is a rare species also of branching habit and bright blue flowers on stems two feet high. These two last species are also best propagated from cuttings. P. barbatus, var., is one of Torreyi, the best known in gardens and deservedly so. Its tall panicles of brilliant scarlet flowers often grow five feet high, and last in bloom all through summer. It is easily propagated by division. P. lacevigatus, var. Digitalis, is a good garden plarnt with showy spikes of white flowers which last a long time in bloom. This plant has a more eastern range than any of the preceding, and has a robust constitution. There are many other fine species of Pentstemon which would be desirable acquisitions to gardens if they would prove hardy, and of these may be mentioned P. Harlwegi, P. Eatoni, P. centranthifolius, P. spectabilis and P. puniceus, the two last being among Dr. Thurber's discoveries. We should be glad to hear of living plants of these last. Passaic NJ, E. O. Orpet. 23 April 1890
Hardy Plants for Cut Flowers I
Flowers for home decoration are now in universal demand, and this is one of the uses to which hardy perennial plants are specially adapted, because their requirements are few and they can be successfully cultivated by any one who canl command a plot of ground. Of the thousands of perennial plants in cultivation, many whose flowers are beautiful, fragrant and durable when cut can be found adapted to any American garden, whatever may be its situation. It is now established beyond question that a selection of plants for the open border can be made to yield flowers in variety and profusion for nine months in the year, or from March until December.
Among the earliest of hardy subjects, the bulbous section take first rank. Such harbingers of spring as Squills, Chionodoxas and Crocus cannot be considered useful for cutting and it is on the numerous family of Narcissus that we most rely for the first really useful cut flowers. When Easter occurs well on in the season, as in the past two years, Narcissuses are always plentiful in the open air with us and can be relied upon for an abundance of flowers when they have become well established, which is usually the second year after planting. The varieties of Narcissus are numerous and naturally perplexing to the beginner, who is chiefly interested to know which are a few of the best kinds that will produce the longest succession of bloom. Out of a large collection, Golden Spur, one of the newer kinds, is always the first to bloom, followed a day or two later by N. princeps, a noble kind, and then comes Sir Watkin, the Giant Welsh Chalice-flower "with foliage like leeks," as Mr. Burbidge once observed when showing me his fine collection in Trinity College Gardens, Dublin. N. bicolor Horsfieldi then follows, and is at once the most distinct and beautiful variety in cultivation. The Jonquils should be added for their fragrance, and lastly, the beautiful Poet's Narcissus and its varieties. Thus it will be seen that some half dozen kinds, lasting over as many weeks, are to be relied on as perfectly hardy and vigorous, and are sufficient to form the nucleus of a collection that may be added to as opportunity occurs. It should be remarked that Narcissuses succeed well in shady places under trees, and may be used with charming effect for naturalizing among grass, many an English meadow being at the present time literally a garden of Daffodils.
American cultivators need not trouble themselves about the necessity of lifting the bulbs annually after they have flowered, although this is practiced and preached by some of the best English growers. We have always found that the greater extremes of drought and solar heat experienced here at the resting period of the bulbs will be found sufficient for ripening them, and that lifting them, besides the labor incurred, only produces artificial conditions which are unnecessary and too often detrimental. Passaic NJ, E. O. Orpet. 30 April 1890
Hardy Plants for Cut Flowers II
A most useful spring-flowering plant is Trillium grandiforum, the best of the genus, owing to the size of its flowers and their pure white color when first opened; this, however, turns to purple with age. T. ovaturn and T. stylosum are both good, and also white. Trilliums usually appear to the best advantage when well established, and this is usually the second or third year after planting. They thrive best in a shady position, and a virtue may be made of necessity by planting them under trees where other things would not succeed. For naturalizing in such places Trilliums are invaluable. If the growing of hardy plants under glass were advisable, Trilliums might be so treated and flowered a month earlier, as is often practiced in England. But, as a rule, plants that are thoroughly hardy are more enjoyable when flowering at their own sweet will than when forced into attenuated and premature bloom under glass.
Doronicums have lately come into favor for cut flowers, and justly so. They are not only well adapted to this purpose, but they rank among the choicest of early summer border-flowers. We have tried five species and varieties, all of which are perfectly hardy. D. Caucasicum, D9. plantagineum excelsum, and, where it will thrive, D. Clusii, are three of the best sorts. Of the variety Harpur Crewe we have had no personal experience. Regarding the culture of Doronicums, one thing should be borne in mind - they do not like any soil other than that of a retentive nature, and this was noticeable even in a summer like the last.
With the first appearance in April of its elegantly cut foliage, Dicentra eximia commences to bear deep rose-colored, nodding flowers on stems a foot long, which may be gathered from April to the end of October. D. eximia is a native of the southern Alleghanies, but it is perfectly hardy, and without the disagreeable odor so noticeable in others of the genus. There are few other hardy plants that flower continuously six months of the year. Helenium Hoopesii, another native plant and a composite, is a showy and useful borderplant, not so well known as it should be. H. Hoopesii grows two feet high, and bears numerous bright orange, daisy-like flowers in early summer; its culture is of the simplest; any ordinary border-soil will suit it. Daphne Cneorum, though not a herbaceous plant, is usually included among collections of such, and certain it is that there are few plants so worthy of being in every garden, both for the fragrance of its blossoms and the freedom with which they are produced nearly all summer. We have noticed, however, that this Daphne is a trifle more exacting than many other plants as to the soil it is to be grown in. We are told that it is indigenous to southern Europe among rocks, in gravelly soil with plenty of humus, and it will be found that if, when planting Daphne Cneorum, this is borne in mind, and anything approaching a heavy, wet soil avoided, the plants will grow rapidly with no further attention, and yield abundantly its delicate pink blossoms. The Trollius, or Globe-flowers, resemble gigantic Buttercups, and flower in the early days of summer. T. laxus is common in wet meadows in the Eastern States, and is well deserving of cultivation. The sepals of this and the nextspecies are concave, forming a kind of globe, hence the common name. T. Europaeus grows a little taller than the last, and is usually eighteen inches to two feet high, and has very large yellow flowers. T. Japonicus has bright orange colored flowers, and is a distinct species. The above three form a pretty group in a moist soil in the open border. We have found that Trollius-seed sown under glass, and carefully protected, does not germinate in two years. The next seed was sown when gathered, and was well frozen in a frame in winter, and it germinated promptly with the coming of warmn spring weather. These remarks apply to many other seeds, such as those of Anthericum Liliastrum, Gentiana acaulis, Gillenia stipulacea and Allium Karataviense. Passaic NJ, E. O. Orpet. 5 November 1890
Autumn Crocuses
The Colchicums, usually known under this name, are too rarely seen in cultivation, as I was recently reminded by seeing in a Massachusetts garden beautiful clumps of the pure white variety of C. autumnale, covered with dense masses of snowy flowers. C. autumnale itself is of a pretty pale lilac purple, and contrasts well with the pure white variety. These plants are also known as Meadow Saffrons, owing to the fact that the anthers of the flowers of C. sativus furnish the Saffron of commerce. The roots also (which would appear at first sight to be bulbs, but are really corms), together with the seeds when dried, produce the drug known as Colchicum, which, though very poisonous, is a valuable medicine. C. autumnale is common in some Darts of Britain. I well remember seeing it covering acres of meadow land with a pretty purple tinge in the autumn months, but it is probably exterminated there in that locality now, for an enterprising local firm were busy collecting the corms. Besides the two single-flowered forms of C. autumnale above noted, there are also double forms of both which are very beautiful, but also rare and seldom seen in catalogues, at least in America, where, indeed, it is not an easy matter to find Colchicums, for though I obtained not long ago a dozen bulbs of what were supposed to be the type, half of them proved to be white flowered. C. speciosum is a very fine species, but so far as I can learn no one seemns to have succeeded with it here in the eastern states. This plant is nmuch larger than those already named, and of a crimson-purple color; it is, in fact, the largest of a very beautiful genus. I have never yet seen it in the bulb lists, so it is hard to find out whether it is possible to grow it or not. All the varieties of C. autumnale thrive well in a good, well drained soil, but should the soil be of a retentive nature they would require a liberal addition of sand. They would thrive admirably on rock-work, where they could push through other plants of a prostrate habit, for the Colchicums flower in fall; the leaves appear in spring, and about midsummer die off and the roots have a season of rest. Imported roots usually commence to flower on the voyage, and the flowers are very liable to get bruised. This, however, will only affect this season's flower; and they will probably start away all the stronger in spring for having been relieved from producing and maturing the quantity of flowers that each root produces when established. South Lancaster MA, E. O. Orpet. 7 January 1891
The Pompone Lily
Of the long list of Lilies in cultivation there are but few that are really hardy and reliable for out-door cultivation here in the eastern states, and of those that are satisfactory the greater portion are late-fall blooming kinds. It is also true that the early summer flowering Lilies are fewer still in number and may be easily counted. L. pomponium is one of the most reliable of Lilies; it is perfectly hardy in a well-drained, porous soil; the flowering period is June; the color of the flowers is similar to that of L. tenuifolium, the Siberian Lily-that is, bright scarlet, with just a tinge of orange-but, while L. tenuifolium rarely has more than one flower to the stem and is a most difficult bulb to keep, L. pomponium grows three feet high and often has from twenty to thirty flowers to a stem, and these are very fragrant. L. pomponium is a native of northern Italy and southern France, but, as before stated, is perfectly hardy. This Lily is often catalogued as L. pomponium verum to distinguish it from L. pomponium aureum of Dutch growers, which is very similar to it, but has yellow flowers. These flowers are also fragrant, and the plant has much larger bulbs, which are generally difficult to keep. This Lily is known to botanists as L. Pyrenaicum, a native of the Pyrenees, and is quite a different plant from the one under notice. It should, perhaps, be added that, after flowering, L. pomponium dies down about the end of July, to reappear early the next spring.
While on the subject of early-flowering Lilies, one cannot refrain from saying a word in favor of L. Hansoni, a beautiful Japan species, named after an enthusiastic American cultivator of Lilies with whom this species first flowered. Descriptions of the flower of this Lily differ as to color; we, however, have always found it to be of a bright yellow, with dull purple spots. Its petals are remarkably thick in texture, which makes the flowers very lasting. This Lily also is perfectly hardy and of easy cultivation, and when grown well often attains a height of four to five feet, the leaves being disposed in dense whorls the whole length of the stem. This also is a distinct Lily, flowering in June, lasting long in bloom, and a plant with which we have never had any difficulty in cultivating. On the contrary, the bulbs increase rapidly when established. South Lancaster MA, E. O. Orpet. 14 January 1891
Anchusa Italica
The Italian Alkanet, as it is called, is a member of the Borage family, and is also known as Anchusa azurea and A. paniculata, both of which names are descriptively correct, as the flowers are borne on tall panicled stems and are of a bright shade of blue. If we except the Larkspurs there are few hardy plants that possess this peculiar shade of blue; and, as the plant under consideration flowers in early summer and lasts long in perfection, its value is considerable, as it is quite hardy and also a true perennial. The Anchusas are among the easiest of perennials to raise from seeds, for these germinate as readily as those of most annuals, and as seeds are freely produced it is obviously the best means of propagation. There are several other Anchusas, but our own experience is limited to the above and to A. Capensis. This last species is said to be a tender biennial; but we have found it perfectly hardy in that the abundant seeds, produced rapidly, germinate around the parent plant, survive the winter and flower the following season in profusion for three months. The flowers, however, are small in comparison with those of A. Italica. It is a well known fact that bees are partial to many Boraginaceous plants, and to the genus Anchusa in particular. A. Capensis is eminently suitable for sowing in places where it can be left alone to take care of itself, as in a wild garden. The Alkanet of commerce, a deep red dye, is the product of A. tinctoria, a dwarf species of spreading habit. South Lancaster MA, E. O. Orpet. 21 January 1891
Clematis paniculata
In urging the advantage of grafting as a mneans of propagating this plant it ought to be said that the stock used is merely a vehicle to carry the scion during the infancy of the plant. When grafted plants are set out care should always be taken to place the point of union beneath the soil, and an examination at the end of the first season's growth will soon show that Clezmatis paniculata has thrown out a quantity of its thick, thong-like roots, and that the foreign root is already superseded and speedily becomes of little or no use to the plant. Mr. Hatfield says truly that C. paniculata varies considerably when raised from seed, and I have seen seedling forms with a distinct variegation or venation of the foliage, the centre of the leaves being distinctly marked with blotches of a lighter green. And yet it is difficult to imagine anything more beautiful than the typical plant as a perfectly hardy climber. South Lancaster MA, E. O. Orpet. 11 February 1891
Seed-Sowing
Work among hardy plants is now entirely suspended in the colder sections, but when the season reopens there will be many other things that will need attention at the same time, and, therefore, there is no better time than the present to arrange for the coming year's display. There is also no better time than the present to sow seeds of hardy perennials if one has the convenience of a heated house or a cold frame. We have found that many seeds of this class of plants are greatly benefited by a steady but thorough freezing. It seems to matter little whether the freezing period be long or short, provided it is steadily maintained for the time being. Seeds of the new Aquilegia Stuarti were sown last October in separate pots, the one being kept in the greenhouse and the other placed in a cold frame and frozen. The seeds in the former have germinated but sparingly, while apparently every one in the latter has germinated. The plant in question claims close relationship with A. glandulosa, and this is what suggested the experiment, it being well known that freezing is necessary to obtain the best results with that species. Aquilegia Stuarti is, however, said to be the finest Columbine in cultivation by the most competent authority. Many of the Columbines are benefited by the above treatment, while others will germinate readily if placed in heat at once. The more one has to do with this most fascinating part of gardening, seed-sowing, the more there seems to be to learn; and I repeat that if it is intended to raise perennials the coming season sow the seed at once, and place all in a cold frame for a week or two, and, if desired, they can later on be placed in heat, and time may thus be gained, or they may be left to germinate with the spring sunshine in the frame. It is a good plan to sow the seeds, if obtainable, in the fall, and this gives the opportunity to handle the young seedlings during the dull winter months, for when these seedlings are to be cared for later in the season, the pressure of other work often leaves them neglected, and a season's flower is sometimes missed in this way. The value of frost as an agent in helping seed to germinate is well known, but is capable of much wider application than is generally supposed. In the fall of I889 we had a quantity of seeds of Rosa rugosa, which were sown in flats as soon as ripe and these were placed in a cold frame. That winter being remarkable for its mildness the seeds showed signs of activity early in March, and on being placed in heat they came up so evenly as to raise the covering of soil with them, and thousands of fine young plants were obtained in this way, which, with two years' good growth, would be very valuable young stock, as this Rose is largely used by planters, and quantities are imported annually to meet the demand. Seed of Rosa rugosa is somewhat difficult to clean, and to separate the seeds they must be freed from their outer covering; the best way to do this is to cover the hips with water in an open vessel and allow the mass to ferment until the seeds can be easily rubbed out with the hands. The seeds will then float and the refuse will sink. If it is intended to sow them this should be done as soon as the seed is dry enough to handle and treated as above. Cleaning by fermentation is perfectly safe as long as the seed has a hard outer covering. South Lancaster MA, E. O. Orpet. 18 February 1891
Perennial Gaillardias
Within the past few years Gaillardias as hardy plants have become well known among those who cultivate such plants extensively, but the decorative value of the perennial Gaillardias is not so generally appreciated as it should be. The ease with which they may be raised, and the short time required to secure an abundance of flowers, are strong points in their favor, and the various uses to which the flowers are adapted when cut, owing to their durability, is another reason why they should be widely grown. The perennial Gaillardias are the offspring of G. aristata, a North American species which is found over a wide area in the western states, and although in cultivation for a number of years, it is only recently that it has been taken in hand for development, and the results are so far most satisfactory. It is not the best way, in commencing to grow Gaillardias, to get expensive named kinds. Our first attempt at their culture was to import a dozen named varieties; the greater portion arrived dead, and those which survived were not to be compared with others obtained later from seed. To those who have not hitherto grown these plants we would say procure at once, if heat is at disposal, a packet of Gaillardia grandiflora and sow thinly in boxes, and, as soon as the young plants are large enough to handle, pot them off singly in small pots, and, when weather permits, plant them out where they are to stay, and they will flower the same season. There is a great advantage in potting the young seedlings, as their roots are very delicate and do not bear the disturbance which is unavoidable in transplanting when the young seedlings are placed in flats. Should any variety of special merit in the opinion of the cultivator occur, the particular one may easily be perpetuated by means of rootcuttings. To do this the plant must be carefully lifted, the roots preserved and placed in sand in the propagating bench, and, if not covered too deep and kept moist, they will speedily commence to grow and make plants that may be treated as young seedlings. We have always found all the perennial kinds of Gaillardia, including the variety known as G. Templeana, to come readily from seed, though the reverse has been asserted. It is just possible that seed of perennial varieties may be offered under other names than G. grandifora. This need not cause any hesitation, for the hardy kinds, under whatever name, are all derived from G. aristata, which is, so far as I know, the only hardy perennial species in cultivation, though several others are enumerated by Gray, in the " Synoptical Flora." South Lancaster MA, E. O. Orpet. 25 February 1891
Plants for Shady Places
In most gardens of any extent there are places in which it is difficult to get grass to grow - shaded spots, for example, like those under the dark shadow of evergreen trees and sometimes under trees that are deciduous. Bare, unsightly patches of this description are an eyesore until taken in hand and covered with some of the many hardy plants suitable for this purpose, and those which may be relied upon to thrive under this adverse condition, and that, too, with but little attention after the first year. One of the most useful, and, at the same time ornamental, of trailing plants we have is the Trailing Myrtle, which, as often happens with common names, is not a Myrtle at all, but a Vinca. It is also known as Periwinkle, which is the most suitable common name, being a corruption of the old Latin name, Pervinca, applied to the genus by Pliny. Of this Periwinkle or Vinca minor there are many varieties, all low, trailing, evergreen plants, with flowers that are either single or double, blue or white, as the case may he, and all well-known to every one who takes an interest in hardy plants. In addition to the varieties named there is a variegated form of Vinca minor which, to my mind, is the prettiest of all. The young growth in spring is bright yellow and green, and it is covered with starry blue flowers, which stand up above the carpet made by the previous year's growth, which with age assumes a deep olive green.
When the space to be covered is under the shade of trees very little preparation is necessary; but as the planting is for permanent effect, a good coat of manure should be dug in deeply, for it will be found that Chickweed will be troublesome the first season if the manure is placed near the surface. Weeds, however, will be choked out the second season as the Periwinkle roots descend to the richer soil. After the ground is prepared, small pieces of the Periwinkle with roots attached should be planted in rows, the plants being set a foot apart each way. Little attention besides weeding will be necessary the first year, and a neat covering will be secured, and, as the plant is evergreen, it will always be pleasing, and especially so in the spring months, when it is in flower. If it is desired to give the beds a more showy appearance it is a simple matter to place the plants a little further apart, and place between each a bulb of any of the varieties of Narcissus, such as N. poeticus, N. princeps, N. trumpet major and others that are strong and robust. But if Narcissus are planted they should be set six to eight inches deep, according to the texture of the soil; in light soils Narcissus can be safely planted eight inches deep, or even deeper. In a similar way Lily of the Valley may be interspersed among the Periwinkles if the latter be the blue-flowered variety, as the Lilies will also succeed admirably in a shady position for an indefinite period. The Wood Lilies or Trilliums of the strong-growing kinds, as T. grandiforum, T. erectum and its white variety, T. cernuum, also, though not so showy as others, with the Pacific coast species, such as T. ovatum, T. petiolatum, T. sessile and others, are all hardy, and, although not so often met with in cultivation, are equally useful for the purpose named. Numerous other spring-flowering bulbs will suggest themselves to the planter to be introduced among the setting of Periwinkle as fancy may suggest, but it is best not to attempt, under trees, any display that would be in season at any other time than the spring or early summer months for obvious reasons. Under trees the soil during the warmer season is much drier than in open cultivated ground. This would not in any way interfere with the ripening of bulbs, quite the reverse, but might seriously interfere with the success of an attempt to use other plants for a later display.
There are other plants of trailing habit which will answer in place of Vinca minor. Lysimachia Nummularia is sometimes used, but it is such a rampant grower that it often gives serious trouble to keep it within reasonable bounds. Here in Massachusetts it may often be seen as an escape from cottage gardens, monopolizing the road-side to the exclusion of grasses and other native plants. But where a vigorous growing plant is desired it might possibly be used with advantage. South Lancaster MA, E. O. Orpet. 11 March 1891
Hardy Plant Novelties
The season of seed catalogues has fairly begun, and those who study this literature always find something to interest and instruct, and, probably, to perplex, them in the effort to discriminate between desirable novelties and those which are quite as well left alone. It would appear that we are to become better acquainted in future than we have been with the treasures of the New Zealand flora. One of these, Ranuncu/ts Lyallii, is now offered by several seedsrnen, and if there was but a reasonable hope that seeds of this beautiful plant would germinate easily we should soon be in possession of a good stock. R. Lyallii is known as the Shepherd's Lily in its native country, which is in the southern or colder of the two islands known as New Zealand. Some time ago I obtained fresh seeds of this plant direct from its native locality, with the date on which the seeds were collected, but at the end of two years no plants appeared, and I can only find one instance of this Ranunculus having been raised from seed, and this was by Mr. Anderson Henry, of Edinburgh, Scotland. In this place the plants came at the end of three years after sowing. The flowers of Ranuncults Lyallii are pure waxy white, four inches in diameter, while the leaves are peltate, often fifteen inches in diameter, with a many-flowered stem two to four feet high. This plant would certainly not be hardy in the colder states, but would be desirable for the cool greenhouse.
Of other New Zealand plants the Aciphyllas are also offered as new. My experience with this genus is not extensive, being confined, in fact, to A. squarresa, the Bayonet-plant, so called on account of the sharp-pointed segments of the foliage. Four years ago a single plant was received and carefully nursed indoors until early summer, when it was planted out with other things, but with the first heavy rains it rotted off at the groundlevel, and therefore it is to be presumed that until of good size the Aciphyllas would need to be grown in-doors. If this could help them to become established, it is worth trying, as their singular appearance when in flower gives them unusual interest.
Delphinium Zalil when introduced created considerable interest on account of its being the first yellow-flowered species of Larkspur cultivation. We are now offered another species with yellow flowers in D. Przewalskyanum. (The secret of pronouncing this apparently impossible name is said to be the insertion of an "i" between its first two consonants.) This species, unlike D. Zalil, is a true perennial, perfectly hardy, and a native of central Asia. Another remarkable plant, not new, but now first offered, is the beautiful Mexican Thistle, Erythrolana conspicua. True, it is only a Thistle, but, judging from the descriptions and figures received, it must possess unusual merit. We are told that it is a biennial plant, but that when treated liberally it grows four to six feet high, much branched, with large foliage crowned with flower-heads of a bright orange-carmine color. Our seed was sown at the commencement of the year, and they are now strong plants, and grow rapidly. In the warmer states this plant would be a conspicuous one for ornamental gardening, but here it would have to be protected in winter the first year, and this detracts somewhat from its value.
We are indebted to Mr. William Thompson, of Ipswich, England, for the reintroduction of Coreopsis grandiflora, of Nuttall, and though this very plant has been distributed here as C. lanceolata in almost every state, still its identity had not been determined. It has been the subject of note in previous numbers of GARDEN AND FOREST, that there were two plants called Coreopsis lanceolata in cultivation here, the one vastly superior to the other, and now the better one will be known as C. grandifora. It may be distinguished by the larger and brighter flower-heads and by the deeply pinnatifid leaves, the terminal lobe being much the largest. This, the true C. grandiflora, has a large tuft of what would be evergreen foliage in a milder climate than ours, but here it usually gets badly disfigured, although the heart of the plant winters out safely. Those who possess C. lanceolata would do well to examine their plants, and if they are correctly named, to get C. grandiflora, for both are admissible into even the most select collections, and considerable difference will be found in the duration of the flowering season of the two plants. It has been stated that Coreopsis lanceolata ripens seed sparingly in some seasons; this may be true, but I am very sure that Goldfinches find the seed the most palatable food they can obtain in its season, as I once discovered when trying to save a quantity of seed. They did not wait for it to ripen, but seemed to prefer it when approaching maturity, and perhaps it has been through the agency of Goldfinches that the Coreopsis is so often met with as an escape from cultivation in places where it could not otherwise have been found. Seedlings of C. grandiflora, if raised early and planted out in good soil, will flower nicely by the end of summer, and will make a fine display the following season. South Lancaster MA, E. O. Orpet. 18 March 1891
Clianthus Dampieri
This plant, also known as the Australian Glory-pea, is a truly beautiful one when in flower, but, as is well-known to all who have attempted its cultivation, there could scarcely be a more fickle subject. Much has been written on the treatment of this plant, and, curiously enough, those who have succeeded with it are all equally emphatic in commending their several methods, which, it is hardly necessary to add, are widely different. It is not because I have discovered any new way of treating this plant, but from the fact that seeds were sown last September in a cool greenhouse, and a plant produced therefrom is now in flower, that I am tempted to record the fact that others may do likewise. The seeds were few in number, and were sown in a four-inch pot, and when the pot was full of roots the ball of soil, without any disturbance, was shifted into a six-inch pot, and as red spider does not seem to have attacked the plant, it is still in good health, and other flowers are showing for future display. To those unacquainted with the plant, it may be well to explain that the prevailing color of the flower is bright red, the lower part or keel bearing a strong resemblance to a lobster's claw, to which it has often been likened. The upper half of the flower is almost black, with a small blotch of white. This is the typical plant. There is also a variety known as C. marginatus, in which the color of the claw is white, margined with red, giving the plant a most distinct appearance. An excellent colored figure of this variety appeared in the London Garden a year ago. It appears that Louis Viewig, of Quedlinburg, Prussia, has hit upon the plan of grafting C. Damnfieri upon the much hardier and more easily grown C. piiznicens, which gives it a much better constitution and longer life. Grafted plants are offered at very low prices, and should be worth the notice of some of our enterprising nurserymen and seedsmen. It may also be remarked that the white-margined variety has been named " Deutsche Flagge," the colors being red, white and black. Those who attempt the cultivation of the Clianthus should use light soil composed of loam, leaf-mold, a little charcoal, and enough sand to make the soil porous, and when potting it on they should take care not to injure a single root-fibre. Careful attention also should be given to the watering. Clianthus giunicens is itself a very beautiful plant. Years ago I remember to have seen a fine plant growing outof-doors in a sheltered position on a south wall, which every summer flowered profusely, and was a beautiful object. C. Jiunicens could not be grown here in New England in this way, but is well worth trying in a greenhouse, however limited the space, as it could be planted out and trained up the rafters, and if freely syringed red spider could be kept away much more easily than would be the case with C. Damnpiieri, the foliage of the latter being densely clothed with a woolly covering, and therefore an excellent refuge for this minute pest. South Lancaster MA, O.O. 25 March 1891
Hardy Narcissus
In English gardening periodicals the complaint is now current that bulbs of Narcissus, planted in the open ground late last fall, have been kept perfectly dormant all the winter owing to the unusual severity of the season, and fears are expressed for the crop of bloom and welfare of the bulbs, owing to insufficient root action. Although this is a complaint of English growers alone, still we may gather some useful hints from it which may help us when planting time comes again. It is perfectly safe to say, that as soon as the value of a permanent bed of out-door Narcissus is generally recognized these charming spring bulbs will be planted in large quantities. But failure, or partial failure, is almost sure to confront the cultivator in the first attempt unless certain precautions are taken at planting'time, and of one of these precautions the complaint referred to forcibly reminds us. Nine-tenths, perhaps, of the Narcissus planted each year are newly imported bulbs, for which we have to depend upon dealers who get them with their other bulbs in fall, and by the time these get to the planters the season is far advanced and sharp frosts are upon us, rapidly robbing the soil of its store of warmth laid up during the summer. Such was my own experience last fall when planting an extensive permanent bed of Narcissus in the open ground. Fortunately the difficulty was foreseen, and, after planting, a covering of twenty-four inches of dry leaves was placed over the whole bed, and it was scarcely completed before snow was upon us, and hard frosts. It was a long time before the thick blanket of leaves was wet through, and consequently the soil did not freeze, and an examination to-day proves that the growth made by the bulbs is ample at the root to support the leaves and flowers when the time comes for them to appear. There is no doubt that the covering of leaves served as a protection from cold above and prevented the escape of warmth from the soil. As soon as the weather permits the covering will be carefully removed and the bulbs will be in flower a very short time after, as they are now pushing through the soil. There is one other way to ensure success with a new planting, and this is by obtaining American-grown bulbs. In this way the beds may be planted as early as the middle of July, and better at that time than later, for, owing to the strong sunshine, the foliage will have already turned yellow, and root action will have ceased. This action begins again, however, about the end of August, and it would be better to buy imported bulbs than home-grown ones lifted after the roots have commenced to grow, as the best roots and the principal feeders would be injured beyond help by removal, and a second start would have to be made at the expense of the vital forces stored up in the bulb. To a beginner the difference in shape and size of homegrown Narcissus bulbs and imported ones is perplexing; the latter have very short necks, while of those grown here such kinds as Sir Watkin and Horsfield's often have necks that make the bulb measure six inches in length; this is brought about by the different systems of planting. Our climate makes it necessary to plant much deeper than is the custom in Europe. If we planted as shallow here the plants would be above the soil in fall, owing to the much greater heat here at that period. As already mentioned, our planting is intended to be a permanent one. And in summer, plants of annual duration will be planted between the rows, such as Mignonette, Asters and other kinds for cutting, and in fall, when the first sharp frosts have killed these, the beds can be cleaned and a good top dressing of well-decayed manure spread on them. The heavy fall rains will wash this down to the roots and nourish them when they are most in need of help. It will be found necessary every third year to lift, separate and replant the bulbs, owing to the rapidity with which they multiply. In heavy soils the bulbs would soon become so cramped in the soil as to render them flowerless owing to imperfect development, but in lighter soils this would not be so likely to occur. There should be no excuse for a scarcity of Narcissus-flowers in gardens, when it is well understood how perfectly they are adapted for permanent planting, either for naturalization or for the decoration of flower-beds and borders. With a proper selection of varieties they can be had in the open ground from Easter onward for six weeks. The earliest kinds might be so planted that the protection of a frame could be given, and in this way Easter flowers might be assured even in late seasons, but last year there were plenty in the open ground from newly planted bulbs without the least protection. South Lancaster MA, O. Orpet. 25 March 1891
To the Editor of GARDEN AND FOREST
Sir. I wish to ask through your columns for advice as to the protection of trees, young and old, deciduous and evergreen, from the depredations of field mice. We have had snow on the ground for fourteen weeks, and, as the last of it is now disappearing, the ground is covered with a complete network of their runs. Their nests have been made of the grass under the snow, and they are now easily seen, but the late occupants have migrated. Their work, however, remains. Apple-trees, twenty-five years old, are completely girdled by them so that not a vestige of bark remains where they have been at work, but worse damage has been done among choice trees and shrubs recenly planted. A fine young Copper Beech is stripped of bark for quite two feet above the ground level. The damage was not visible until the snow cleared away, and then the ruin was beyond repair. South Lancaster MA, O.O. [A good way of protecting trees from mice is to tramp the snow hard about the trunks after every storm during the winter. The mice cannot push through the snow when it is packed. If the bark of the tree is washed late in autumn with some preparation distasteful to the mice this will often answer as a protection. Aloes, gas-tar, carbolic acid and sulphur are used for this purpose. After the injury has been done scions are sometimes laid over the girdled space, with their thin ends inserted under the bark above and below and carefully waxed and wrapped. This conservative surgery will in many cases save the tree.-ED.] 8 April 1891
Ipomcea pandurata
This plant is going the rounds of the catalogues as the " Perennial Morning Glory," and it will probably be widely distributed this year. It is quite safe to say that all who buy the plant will also buy experience. It is also true that the plant is very beautiful, a perennial and quite hardy, being a native plant, and, according to Gray, found from Connecticut to Illinois and southward. I well remember finding it wild for the first time and bringing specimens to the late Dr. Thurber for name. His words I repeat as nearly as my memory will permit: " Don't plant it, or if you do, don't try to dig it up, for if you do you will have a task that will last for years." His advice sufficed for me, and it was left to ramble over its native hedgerow where it was very ornamental. The plant lhas a very thick root which penetrates deeply, and every particle of this root, when broken off, will grow, so the more one tries to dig it up the more persistently does it appear over a wider area. But if one plants it where it is to remain to be gazed at for a lifetime, it would probably not spread or cause trouble. But there comes a time, in the history of most plants, when it seems best to remove them, or replace them with something else, or to dispense with them altogether. When that time in this Ipomnea's history arrives, trouble is to be apprehended. The moral is to plant the vine on a back fence or hedgerow, and not in any dressy part of the garden. S. Lancaster MA, O. O. 6 May 1891
Garden Annuals
However valuable perennial plants may be, some, like the Oriental Poppy, die down early and leave a gap, while others do not make much show until late in the season, and it is just here that the annual plants help out and contribute their share toward the summer display. A garden planted with perennials will still have room for patches of Mignonette, a group of China Asters, various in color or all alike, as the fancy is, or some Helichrysums, which, if cut when fully open and before they are discolored by the rain, will keep bright until more may be cut next season. One who tries to grow all the good perennials will still have room for all the good annuals; and a model flower-border is one that combines the best of both classes with hardy bulbous plants.
Our Narcissus are of necessity planted in a wide bordernin rows eighteen inches apart, and between the rows will be planted later on a quantity of Asters of various kinds for cutting; this will save despoiling the flower-garden proper, for.although Asters make a brave show while they are in flower, a heavy rain gives them a sorry and bedraggled look, and they should never be employed except in a secondary place, where they will aid in forming a display.
Zinnias are entirely different, and may be used alone or dotted about in groups among other plants, because they blossom continually until frost, are not hurt by rain, and are excellent for cutting. In these three respects they excel the old bedding Geranium. In a wide border, or in any place where it is customary to plant the Geranium, Zinnias will answer the purpose admirably, and one has not to provide room for them all winter. In sowing Zinnias it is best to get separate colors, as in the mixed seed there are so many displeasing shades. Good colors and true to name can now be obtained, and if you want the " finest mixed" buy the colors you like and make your own. The same remark applies to Stocks.
Another annual plant, not half so well known as it should be, is the "Yellow Corn Flower,' Centaurea suaveolens. In shape it is similar to the blue one, differing only in color, which is bright yellow. As the flowers are borne on long stems they have already attracted the attention of florists for winter cutting. The plant succeeds well when sowed in the open ground in May.
The Marguerite Carnation is one of the most valuable of recent introductions for those who cannot grow the ordinary florist Pinks, for, in a comparatively short time, good strong plants can be raised from seed and flowered, and it is surprising how really good the flowers are. The percentage of single flowers is very small. A florist of my acquaintance planted a lot of these on his benches last fall, with other pinks, and they gave an immense crop, many of them being beautiful in color, and all were fragrant. After a little more careful selection this Carnation will be an indispensable garden plant. Sweet Peas should be sown by this time, and wherever they may be planted provision should be made for watering in dry weather, or failure is certain. Last summer six weeks of dry weather deprived us of these flowers, and this season we took the precaution to dig a trench eighteen inches deep and place plenty of manure at the bottom, filling in the soil and sowing the seeds. In hot dry weather the rows will also be mulched and watered, and in this way a constant supply will be maintained. Do not buy mixed seed.
Mignonette is so much liked, and there are so many sorts offered, that one does not know which to sow out in the open ground. While all may be good in-doors, few will stand our hot sun and dry weather. We have found Machet the best it produces good stout spikes of fragrant flowers until the fall.
Nasturtiums are often planted in rich soil. This is a mistake, for very few flowers are then produced; but when sown in poor soil they will flower abundantly. The same rule holds with Salvia splendens, now often treated as an annual. The Poppies, of which there are so many kinds, are very showy. They do not last long, but if cut when about to open they will last several days, and are useful for large vases for room decoration. South Lancaster MA, E. O. Orpet. 13 May 1891
Tulips
The skill of the cultivator with one division of this family, that is, the Garden Tulip, is well known. At this season these plants are in bloom in the open ground, and we shall see them in flower again in the stores of florists, painfully out of season, in November, with short stems and scant foliage. When Garden Tulips are properly planted in the fall, with a sprinkling of clean, sharp sand around the bulbs, there is no reason why these should be renewed annually, if one does not object to seeing the foliage ripen off naturally in the beds. The summer occupants should be planted without disturbing the bulbs of the Tulips. When frost kills the tender summer plants, such as Coleus, Geraniums or China Asters, these should be cleared off and a good top-dressing given to the bed, and the second year's flowers, from the same bulbs, will be better than the first. The only objection to this system is, that Tulips are usually planted in the most conspicuous place in the garden, and the foliage, when ripening off, would look somewhat out of keeping with its surroundings.
And now, a few words in favor of some of the natural forms of the Tulip which are, to many, even more interesting than the highly developed products of garden art. T. Greigi has bright, flaming-red flowers, with a yellow bordered black centre and leaves with distinct brown blotches, not unlike those of a Dog's-tooth Violet in the markings. This plant is hardy, easy to grow, and, with proper care, will flower every year.
For several years past I have had a great deal of satisfaction from the cultivation of that charming species, T. Turkestanica. The pretty, though not showy, flowers of this little Tulip may be found on the first bright day after the frost is out of the soil. It is peculiar in bearing several flowers on a branched stem; I have seen as many as five. The leaves of this species are developed above ground in fall and are never injured by cold. It deserves to be more widely known. Another attractive species is T. cornuta, the horned Tulip. This is a robust species which flowers every year without assistance. The petals, instead of overlapping each other and forming a cup-shaped flower, are'narrow and taper to a point; they are about four inches long and usually yellow, striped with red. This Tulip is seldom grown, though cheap and easily obtained, and is worthy a place in every garden. The bulb of T. Oculus-solis, the Sun's Eye Tulip, is of itself remarkable. Between the bulb and its outer covering is a beautiful lining of cotton-like hairs, so interwoven as to be a complete protection. The flower is bright red, with a red and yellow centre, and, although very beautiful and perfectly hardy, it is too rarely met with in cultivation. T. Gesneriana is interesting as one of the recognized parents of the Garden Tulip. This species has a very good flower, though not as showy as its progeny.
T. Gesneriana Dracontia is the parent of the varieties known as Parrott Tulips, which are difficult to succeed with in pots, although their flowers are pretty, curious, and in some varieties, as Monstre Rouge, really showy. They should be staked, as they are weak-stemmed, and fall down on the ground unless supported. They will not force at any season; as I write, pans that have been brought on slowly in cold frames have a number of flowerless bulbs. We shall try them in the open ground next season in poor soil.
There should be no difficulty with the culture of the species of Tulips any more than with the garden varieties. They are natives of Algeria, central Asia and the south of France, and this suggests the need of a somewhat dry soil. This is especially true during their resting season-our summer months. Very seldom does a summer pass when there is not enough dry weather to ripen them thoroughly and enable them to make a vigorous start again in the fall. If the species now in commerce were more generally grown, many others now known in European gardens would soon be obtainable here, and our Tulip-beds in spring would not all be of one invariable pattern in regulation bedding colors or made up of the still worse "mixed Tulips in fine variety." South Lancaster MA, E. O. O. 20 May 1891
Hardy Narcissus
The Narcissus season is now closing in, and, so far as one can judge at present, has been a complete success. Apart from the newer varieties tried this year for the first time, there are several other points worth recording. It has been fairly tested and proved here that Irish-grown Narcissus are better ripened, and, in consequence, flower better than Holland-grown bulbs. The bulbs received from Ireland were not remarkable for size, but from most of them two flowers, and from many three flowers, were produced, and good flowers, too. This fact may be of use to those who force Narcissus largely, for complaints are common this year of the flowering of bulbs grown in Holland. As to the covering of late-planted bulbs, as heretofore advised, one point should have been emphasized more strongly, which is, that after planting it is absolutely necessary where field-mice abound, as they do here, to allow the frost to penetrate to the depth of two inches in the soil. This will keep the mice above ground, otherwise the Narcissus-bed would be a perfect paradise for them, with the covering of dry leaves to nest in.
One of the best of newer kinds tried this year is NA bicolor brcecox. This is in flower with the earliest kinds, almost two weeks before N. bicolor Horsfieldii, and in shape and color is almost identical except that it is smaller; but one cannot have too many bicolored varieties, especially when they are as good as Grandee or Grandis, which is equal in every respect to, Horsefield's variety, and the one bulb gave us three perfect flowers. The perianth is pure white with a pale yellow trumpet, and the flower is of good substance. I had always thought that Empress and Emperor were tender and hard to keep, but with us they are the most vigorous, and the size and substance of their flowers are unsurpassed. Duchess de Brabant is one of the Eucharis-flowered section and is known as pure white, but there is a tinge of creamy yellow in the flowers, which are two or three on a stem. This is a very pretty variety, dwarf, and useful when cut. Of the Poet's Narcissus the earliest is the variety Angustifolius. It flowered ten days before Ornatus, the well-known early-forcing kind, and is equally as good in its way. The true variety, Poetarum, is distinct, for, instead of the centre being margined with red, it is wholly of a deep orange-scarlet or saffron. We received a lot of other bulbs under this name which were nothing more than the N. jpticus, which is easily distinguished by the coloring of the cup.
Ard Righ, or Irish King, is a very early Trumpet variety, and forces well, and makes a better plant for this purpose than Trumpet Major. Countess of Annesley, also a Trumpet variety, is equal to Golden Spur, and very desirable. It was found in an old Irish garden, as were also many more charming kinds, where they have been hidden for years past, but have been hunted up since the development of what may be considered almost a craze for these flowers. Some of the newer sorts certificated at the London Conference last year command prices which testify to the demand for novelties of this sort among wealthy amateurs. Twenty-five dollars is the modest sum asked for one bulb, and if the flower is as goodas described it may be as many years before it will be cheap or common; but this is an exceptional case. Good showy kinds can now be purchased of most dealers in fall, and even the cheapest are good to commence with, and then, again, some of the more expensive sorts are really cheap, they increase so rapidly. Sir Watkin, for instance, is one of the most profitable kinds ever introduced; where one bulb is planted three may be dug the following year, it multi-plies so quickly by offsets. The depth at which to plant has been, and is still, a vexed question both here and abroad. Mr. Gerard takes exception to the depth recommended by me, and practiced very successfully in his own locality and in this, but the difference lies entirely in the nature of the soil, which with him is a red clay, while those with which I have had to deal have been of a sandy or gravelly nature, warm and dry in summer, and porous in winter. Had I his soil to deal with it would be necessary, perhaps, to plant differently and to leave the beds bare during summer, but here even the more delicate and even tender kinds do well under the treatment I have described in these columns.
European catalogues often add in their descriptions of Narcissus the dates at which they may be expected to bloom in the open ground. It need hardly be said that this is not of any use to us here, as when spring opens a week of difference there may become something less than a day here, but perhaps if they were grown in pots in cold frames there would be a greater interval between the kinds. Pot-culture, however, is scarcely to be recommended, as even when well grown in pots the plants become so drawn out of all character that it is very difficult to distinguish the varieties. Such was the case at the spring show of the Massachusetts Horticultural Society, and the same may be said of nearly all hardy plants, they lose one of their special charms, their hardiness. S. Lancaster MA, E. O. Orpet. 10 June 1891
Myosotis palustris semperflorens
Why is it we do not see more of the Forget-me-nots in gardens? Several of them are really good, such as M. alpestris, M. dissiliflora and others, but the ever-flowering variety I have named is to be relied on to flower for six months of summer, and is just now as beautiful as a Forget-me-not knows how to be. Our long borders were edged with cuttings rooted and planted in September last, where they grew rapidly in the fall, and they now form a band eighteen inches wide around the garden that is very pleasing, and the more so as they will flower all summer. This variety is perfectly hardy, roots rapidly either as cuttings or where it grows in the open ground. M. alpestris and its white variety flower about two weeks earlier, and then they are past for the rest of the season. The white Forget-me-not is not worth the room it occupies. What is known as the Giant Forget-me-not (Ompfihalodes verna) is a lovely plant where it succeeds well. I have heard of its becoming perfectly at home in old gardens in Massachusetts, but I could never persuade it to make itself contented, but propose to try again as the opportunity to secure plants may occur. S. Lancaster MA, O. O. 17 June 1891
Alstromeria pelegrina
Last year I noted the beauty of the white form of this plant, which is also known as the Lily of the Incas, though, of course, not a Lily at all, but one of the Amaryllidaceae. The white variety is beautiful certainly, but the typical form is proving itself equally good, and much more showy than its variety Alba. The color is a soft pink, with a shade of green, and red lines. A small root imported last fall has produced many flower-sprays, and they last well when cut. This Alstromeria is not to be recommended for out-door planting, but as an in-door pot-plant. It is easily raised from seed, as these germinate much more readily than those of other kinds, but I have a suspicion that it depends not so much on the species, whether the seeds germinate readily, as upon their being recently gathered, for I know that in the seeds of the same species in the hands of different persons there was a great difference in the period between sowing and germination. South Lancaster MA, E. O. Orpet. 24 June 1891
Hardy Flower Garden
At no season of the year does the garden present a prettier appearance than at this season; the gorgeous Oriental Poppies, and the Iceland Poppies too, are at their best, with Paeonies, German Iris, Dictamnus Fraxinella, with its flashlight in the evening when fire is applied to it. The Pyrethrums, double and single, are also now showing their full beauty, and the recent exhibits at the meeting of the Massachusetts Horticultural Society indicate plainly that they are fast growing in favor. It is often stated that double Pyrethrums cannot be raised from seed, and this may be true of some seed, but last fall I sowed two packets of seed and the plants were grown on in pots. They are now all in flower, and fifty per cent are double, the rest being single, and many are as good as imported named kinds. The seeds cost about twenty-five cents and were obtained from Germany. For cutting purposes these " Painted Daisies " are valuable; they last a long time, and, when mixed with sprays of such plants as Gillenia trifoliata, have a pretty effect. Dodecatheon Meadia is blooming finely, and these American Cowslips are well worth growing, even in the most select borders, but care should be taken to secure bright-colored forms, as those of a pale, undecided pink are not worth the space they occupy. In some localities this Dodecatheon can be obtained of a bright rose color, and this is worth growing. Much can be done, however, toward improving the color of the flowers by applying burnt soil or refuse.
Helianthus divaricalus, Artemisia Pontica and some other plants which dealers persist in advertising spread rapidly and crowd their way among their neighbors, and are most difficult to get rid of. Heliopsis laevis is another weedy subject which seeds abundantly in fall and appears everywhere the following summer. Dealers in hardy plants should never disseminate such subjects without a full explanation of their habits. Stocking a garden with persistent weeds is rather worse than selling us hardy plants altogether unfitted for outdoor cultivation, a practice not altogether unknown.
Of Aquilegias there is not one prettier than the Rocky Mountain Columbine, A. coerulea. It is a pity that it is not a better perennial, for, with the best of care, it does not live long in gardens. If good seed could be obtained fresh from its native localities there would be plenty of purchasers both here and in Europe, as seed of this species is dearer than any other of the older kinds, and it often germinates badly or turns out to be not true to name. After A. Canadensis, A. coerulea was the first to flower with us, and it is still very beautiful. S. Lancaster MA, O. O. 15 July 1891
Hardy Plants
It is, perhaps, true that no doubt now remains as to the hardiness of Heuchera sanguinea, but it ought to be known that there appear to be varieties in cultivation that are scarcely worth planting, being but poor in comparison to the better form that every garden should possess. If any reader is disappointed with his plants it is quite possible these are poor varieties, and, as seed is produced so freely, there is considerable variation in the seedlings, both in foliage and flowers, and some plants have been raised of exceptional merit.
One of the prettiest Campanulas we know is C. junctata, which has been in bloom several weeks; its flowers are large, on stems eighteen inches high, and are prettily spotted within; it is a nice companion plant for C. macrantha, with large, deep, blue flowers, and C. Van Houttei, with flowers of a paler blue. These three Bell-flowers are all in bloom together, are hardy and good perennials. C. Van Houttei does not seed, as it is said to be a hybrid, and must always be propagated by division. A charming little Pea is Lathyrus tuberosus. It is now flowering abundantly, and the clusters of deep red flowers are very pretty. I am indebted to an English correspondent for my plants, and they seem perfectly contented and may prove hardy. The roots are tuberous, and much resemble those of the Ground Nut, Apios tuberosa. L. tuberosus appears to prefer to trail rather than climb; it is at present not more than eighteen inches high, and covered with flowers and buds.
We read much of hardy Gladiolus, but there are few indeed that are quite trustworthy in this respect. I have found G. Saundersii to be hardy and to come up and flower year after year when established. This, I believe, is well known, but we have had, during the past month, a pretty clump of G. Byzantinus in flower from bulbs that were planted in a border last fall and not protected in any way. The flowers of G. Byzantinus are very pretty and showy, and always early; in fact, the plants resemble G. Colvillei in every way excepting the color of the flowers, which is crimson, with white stripes on the lower part of the flower. Bulbs can easily be obtained in the fall from dealers, and, when once planted, need no further attention. Nice clumps of the pretty Himalayan Primrose, P. rosea, were sent here last fall, and one of these was risked in the open ground in moist soil, and I fully expected this would be the end of it; but in May, after the potted plants had been past several weeks, thee little rose-colored flowers began to peep above the ground, as is their way before the leaves grow, and our entire stock will be left out another year alongside of a little colony of P. denticulata nivalis, for which I am indebted to Herr Max Leichtlin, who sent me seeds last fall. Many of these plants are now in flower, which are pure white. The typical plant is well known to be hardy in Massachusetts, and is also of Himalayan origin, and we therefore have reason to hope that the variety will prove to be useful.
Achillea serrata plena, The Pearl, which gave promise last year of being a desirable border-plant and of great use for florists' work, has this season usurped more than a square yard of space to itself and will certainly have to be removed, for at its present rate of increase one can hardly contemplate its progress for another year without alarm. The danger is more threatening when we remember that last year each plant bore about three flower-stems, while now there are at least fifty to each clump, and this without any special cultivation or attention. It is a plant that must be placed where it cannot elbow its feebler neighbors out of their rightful places. South Lancaster MA, E. O. Orpet. 22 July 1891
Hardy Flower Garden
Owing to the genial growing weather and cool days, hardy plants of all kinds are rapidly occupying the space allotted to them. It is a good plan to make notes of any desired changes, and it is none too early to begin, for many of the earlier-flowering plants and bulbs have already died down, and, where this is so, the places must be carefully borne in mind or marked, so that when replanting is done in fall such plants may not be disturbed. Unless hardy plants are placed in position with the greatest care by one acquainted with the nature of each plant, it takes a season or two to get them so arranged that, by the contrast or the blending of colors, each one may produce the best effect, and none may thrive at the expense of its neighbors. Polemonium fauciflorum is now in bloom with us, and, for a Polemonium, is very distinct, owing to its tubular yellow flowers, but as a garden-plant it will probably go the way of all the other species; there are none that are really worth caring for, now that we have so many better garden-plants.
Mr. Barker's note on Heuchera sanguinea fully corroborates my statement that there are inferior varieties in cultivation. He describes the flowers of his plants as "salmon-red," which is, no doubt, correct. Our plants have flowers of the most brilliant crimson, and this should be the proper color of the flowers as first described. An English writer describes this plant as the best hardy plant sent out for years; certain it is that seedlings vary a great deal in flower and leaf. Once in a while an extra large and bright flower is obtained, but much oftener the reverse. A remarkably good variety is said to have been produced in Ireland.
Aquilegia chrysantha alba seems, beyond question, to be the plant already known here as A. caerulea alba. It is identical with the blue Rocky Mountain Columbine in all but color, and it flowers at the same time. It is useless to depend upon seeds bought in Germany to produce a good-named collection of Columbines; the plants come fast enough, but it will save a lot of trouble and disappointment if they are left without labels. Columbines, of all other plants, need careful isolation to produce seeds that will come true.
We have six varieties of Lemoine's hybrid Montbretias, also AM. crocosmioefora; they were kept growing all winter in a cool house, and are now all flowering. The merits of the various kinds have been already commented on in GARDEN AND FOREST, and it is only necessary for me to add that all of the varieties we have are quite distinct, and some are much more showy than the parent plants. A large group of the Montbretias, Kniphofias and Arundo donax versicolor are planted together, and promise to make a fine display later on. The Kniphofias, or Torch Lilies, are already showing flower-spikes.
Young plants of Phygelius Capensis, raised from cuttings last winter, are flowering freely and make excellent borderplants, and, even should they not prove hardy, may easily be wintered in a cold frame. Of annuals, the Marguerite Carnation will be an indispensable plant for summer-flowering. Ours are just commencing to flower, and it would appear as if the strain has been improved upon since last season, as there is a much smaller percentage of single flowers, and all are flowering, while last year there were many plants which would not keep the promise to flower in a few weeks after sowing. When wintered over, however, they flowered this spring. We owe a great deal to the raiser of this pretty and precocious race of Carnations. So. Lancaster MA, O. O. 5 August 1891
Hollyhocks
These favorite old-fashioned flowers have for some time past been at their best, and they are very attractive at the back of a wide border. The Hollyhock disease has done much to discourage growers in this region, where it has prevailed, and therefore success is the more pleasant. We used to have much satisfaction from the named collection of some two dozen varieties, which were mostly Charter's kinds. Some of these Charter Hollyhocks still live, and are well worth growing when they can be obtained. As Hollyhocks come true from seeds, in some sections there would be no difficulty in keeping the varieties year after year. Situated as we are, it is best to obtain fresh seed each year, and start a new lot to secure a good display of stems six to eight feet in height. As perennial plants they are very uncertain in our colder states, and only a part of the crop will survive even the first winter. There are three periods at which seed may be sown with about equal success, the difference being principally in the amount of trouble and space involved. Seed may be sown early in January, and if the plants are grown on without a check they will flower the same year, but the trouble is that a warm greenhouse is indispensable, and so also is plenty of space at a season when space is scarce. Seed may also be sown in March, and the seedlings planted in the open ground in May; they will make strong plants and flower the following year. Plants grown from seed sown in July, or very early in August, should, when they are large enough, be set out in a bed of rich soil. When cold weather comes the plants should be covered with a few dry leaves and protected by a frame of rough boards. In early spring they may be uncovered and planted in the places where they are to flower. From this method we have had the best results with the least trouble. Hollyhocks like rich soil, and should be watered well in dry weather; strong stakes are necessary to protect them in rough winds. I am not aware that any remedy has been found for the disease, but if there has been, many lovers of these flowers would be glad to know of it. South Lancaster MA, E. O. Orpet. 19 August 1891
Hardy Plant Notes
The successful cultivation of Iris Susiana out-of-doors (see GARDEN AND FOREST, vol. iv., p. 357) is rather unusual, but I think it can be explained. The cultivation of this Iris in Holland has apparently been better understood of late years, and, as I have before stated, seven out of twelve rhizomes, purchased last fall, flowered this spring. This success is also unusual, but is owing, perhaps, to the very fine roots the Dutch growers sent us last fall. The principal reason for advocating pot-culture is, that all of the Oncocyclus group of Iris enjoy a thorough baking in the sun after the flowering season is past and the leaves have died off. Our plants are now undergoing this treatment in a cold frame, and after this thorough ripening will start to grow vigorously next fall. I have never heard of any one who has successfully grown this Iris in the open air any length of time. Our experience has been similar to that of Mr. Barker's in the Harvard Botanic Garden, and a good round number of roots have been used to experiment with.
We hear much of the new Iris Gatesii. It belongs to the same group as I. Susiana, and is, we are told by Herr Max Leichtlin, the largest-flowered Iris known, and exceeds the Mourning Iris in beauty; let us hope that the plant may soon be common. I. Iberica is, to me, quite as beautiful as I. Susiana, and I think the markings are much more delicate and refined. The plant itself, when in flower, does not exceed six inches in height. With me it flowers perfectly well in the open ground, but we do not often see it in bulb lists. I quite agree with Mr. Gerard (vol. iv., p. 334) that it is "difficult to understand why, cultural skill being equal, Irish bulbs should be better than others," but certain it is that in Ireland the Narcissus has found a most congenial soil and climate, for any one who has seen them there will find it hard, as I did, to believe they are not indigenous. But the fact is, that many of the commonest weeds here in New England are not native, and yet they grow with more vigor than in their original homes.
Mr. Orcutt's notes on the new Californian Poppy suggest the query why the lovely Romneya Coulteri is scarcely to be had here in the east. I have repeatedly purchased seeds and sown them with all care, but have failed to raise anything besides weeds. I sent to California for plants last fall and received nothing but excuses in return. A leading eastern firm to whom I applied "did not have it," although it was advertised in their lists. It is common in England, and I suppose the only way to get it is to send there, for American plants are appreciated there as they deserve to be; even the common Rudbeckia hirta is there thought worthy of two synonyms, and the number of these may sometimes be taken as a fair index of the popularity of a plant. So. Lancaster MA, O. Orpet. 23 September 1891
Border Flowers in Autumn
Erythrolaena conspicua
This plant, the "Scarlet Mexican Thistle," as it has been styled, promises to be useful for sub-tropical bedding, for, though only a thistle, it has an imposing appearance when well grown, and when in flower arrests attention at once by the bright-colored bracts of the flowers. From a packet of seeds sown in February we obtained three plants, which were liberally treated, and one of these is now flowering. It is six feet high, with branches. overshadowing a square yard of ground. The plant is distinct in habit, and, when in flower, very ornamental. It is necessary to sow the seed early in the year to get the plants to, flower the same summer, as our seasons are too short, and, as it is, we shall not be able to obtain any seed this year.
Helianthus mollis
Of the many species of hardy Sunflowers this is one deserving of front rank as a hardy gardenplant. I know of no species that flowers with such persistency, for since it began in July we have always had an abundance of bloom, and there are still many to follow until frost comes. Part of our plants were obtained from Tennessee, where it is said to occur occasionally in a wild state, and is often cultivated in gardens even there. Other plants were received from another source, which, I believe, was said to have been originally New Mexico, and this is quite probable, as this species has a wide distribution in the southern and south-western states; consequently there were doubts in my mind as to its hardiness, and a plant was left out in a cold wet border last winter. It came through safely, so there need be no doubt about it in the future, for in the same border strong and established clumps of H. orgyalis were completely killed, and so was the double H. multiforus, so often catalogued as being perfectly hardy, which it certainly is not here. H. mollis grows about five feet high in good soil. The flowers are large, bright yellow, of good substance, and can be cut with long stems for vases, and when it is offered to the public and becomes better known will surely be appreciated as one of our very best hardy Sunflowers.
Helianthus grandiplenus
This is our first season's experience with this new form of the common double H. multiflorus as introduced by Hartland, of Cork. There are said to be other forms distributed under this name, so care was taken to procure the true variety direct from the introducer. The difference in the individual flowers is not very apparent except by comparison, when it is seen at once that in the variety Grandiplenus the outer row, or guard petals, are not present, as in the older variety, making it quite distinct in that respect. Our plants, also, are much taller than in the older variety. One clump has grown eight feet high and is much more spreading in habit, the flowers also can be cut with longer stems; but these three traits may all be due to liberal treatment. It is to be hoped it will prove hardier than the older variety. Judging from the plant as it is, it is a question if there is any great advance made from the old double H. multiforus, of which there are several very good single forms which do not seem to have gained popularity as they deserve, for they are as beautiful as single medium-sized Sunflowers for cutting purposes. South Lancaster MA,. O. O. Orpet. 30 September 1891
The Planting of Hardy Bulbs
Our public parks and gardens have shown us for years the possibilities of floral decoration with plants of a bulbous nature. The great majority of these are spring-flowering, and, in consequence, die down early in the summer, and need replacing with other suitable plants. I would like to offer a few remarks upon the culture of bulbs which are really desirable, and, at the same time, hardy in the eastern states.
The best soil for bulb culture is that of a sandy nature, but a stiff clay soil may be used with good success provided a liberal quantity of sharp sand or grit is mixed with it and also placed immediately under the bulbs. I was shown recently some soil taken from one of the bulb farms in Holland, and it was composed almost entirely of white sand enriched by large applications of thoroughly decomposed cow manure, the remains of which, on shaking the bottle, were easily seen on the surface of the heavier sand. It is evident from this example that there cannot be a soil too sandy to grow bulbs successfully, if it is well fertilized and sufficient moisture is assured, until June at least. If the soil is heavy, plenty of sand must be added. Naturally moist soils, with no means of draining, would offer the worst condition for bulb culture, assuming that the bulbs are to be planted, not for one season only, but permanently. I am satisfied that this can be done with the majority of bulbs, with the exception of Hyacinths; but, although these bulbs are perfectly hardy, and will flower for several years, the bloom of the first season will never be equaled.
Of strictly hardy bulbs there is no genus that will give so much real pleasure as the Narcissus, of which much has been already said in the columns of GARDEN AND FOREST. The long lists that bulb-dealers are offering to their patrons, and the number of communications received concerning Narcissus culture, indicate the growing popularity of this flower. In a list recently received from an American dealer the genus is subdivided into the different sections, as in the lists of the large European dealers who make a specialty of thle Narcissus. Our experiments with Narcissus, begun last fall, were distinctly successful, as was the large bed of Asters planted between the rows this summer. We shall now give the bed a moderate top-dressing, and shall expect double the quantity of flowers next spring. There has been just one incident to mar the entire success of the plan. A zealous but unintelligent assistant, after removing the Asters from the bed, proceeded to pull up the labels he found there, which, of course, belonged to the Narcissus.
We intend to double our planting this fall. The bulbs were ordered early in July, and August delivery insisted upon, but they have not yet arrived. Directly after they reach us they will be planted in rows six to eight inchies deep, and six to eight inches apart in the rows, according to the variety, the rows themselves eighteen inches apart. This allows of hoeing and keeping the beds clean until the annuals are planted between them in summer, when the weeds must be pulled by hand. Writers have differed as to the depth at which Narcissus should be planted, and have doubted the advisability of growing other plants over them in summer. It is only necessary to add that our soil is light, with a gravelly subsoil, and our success has always been certain with deep planting in soils of this nature. I do not anticipate any harm to the bulbs from the planting over them, as their roots are dormant when the other plants are growing, and, in a wild state, they always grow in pastures where they have a perennial covering of herbage above and around them. 1 have an idea that premature ripening of the foliage, which often occurs here during a hot and dry season, is considerably lessened by the partial shade afforded, both to the soil and foliaoge of Narcissus, by the summer occupants of the beds. Narcissuis are equally good for massing in beds, as is done with TuIlips; but for this purpose the commoner kinds should be used, and these should be planted about six to eight inches apart each way. These need not necessarily be removed in summer, as there will be ample space between them for the insertion of Coleus, Vinca, Geranium, and other bedding plants. South Lancaster MA,. E. O. Orpet. 7 October 1891
Planting Hardy Bulbs
When it is desired to mass Narcissus for color effect, as in flower-beds, it is obviously necessary to plant those kinds together that will be in flower about the same time. The flowering season lasts over a much more extended season in Europe than in America, owing to the more gradual approach of the spring season. With us Narcissus-flowers can be counted on in two weeks after the frost leaves the soil, and the different varieties may be had in abundance for about a month if the yellow kinds are used. The white varieties of the Poeticus section extend the season two weeks longer. One who wishes to plant yellow kinds can select a few of the most reliable kinds, like Princeps, which is cheap, early and good. N. obvallaris, the Tenby Daffodil, one of the best for any purpose, with N. rugilobus, N. incomparabilis and its variety Stella, which has white perianth and yellow crown, and N. spurius, the Trumpet Major of catalogues, are well-tried and reliable varieties, and we were much pleased with Ard Righ (Irish King) last season, although it is hardly cheap enough yet to enable us to use it in quantity. All these flower early, and are suitable for naturalizing.
Of the Poeticus varieties, of which there are now many, a very interesting bed might be planted, the first of which to flower would be the variety Angustifolius, which, with us, is two weeks earlier than any other. Next comes Ornatus, followed by Poetarum, a variety with a rich orange-scarlet eye, a very desirable and cheap kind and distinct from all others. The typical N. poeticus is followed by Majalis and Recurvus, which flower in May and last, here, until after Decoration Day, when they are often invaluable to florists. The Poet's Narcissus are elegant when naturalized in grass or under trees. They never deteriorate under these conditions, and I have never yet found any reason to complain of flowerbuds failing to develop, although I have often heard this lament from others. When planting for naturalization it is best to do so by taking out a good breadth of soil, about six inches deep, and placing the bulbs on the ground. The soil should then be filled in, and, when leveled, a little grass-seed should be sown over it and all will be well.
While the above-named kinds are all easily procured, even by those of moderate means, there are varieties which are much more expensive, and many of them are very beautiful. Among these are the hybrid varieties raised in gardens, such as Horsfield's, which have never yet been equaled, and for which we are indebted to a Lancashire weaver, John Horsfield, whose name will be perpetuated for many a year by this striking flower, with its creamy white perianth and its rich yellow trumpet. N. Horsfieldii will never be cheap, although it is a kind which every one wants and ought to have. Grandee, or Grandis, belongs also to the Bicolor section and is a noble flower, as is also Empress and a kind known as Maws Bicolor. We were much pleased with N. bicolor praecox last season; it was the earliest plant of the Bicolor section to bloom, and was quite two weeks earlier than Horsfieldii. It was in the vanguard with N. pallidus praecox and Ard Righ.
Of the Trumpet Daffodils, Golden Spur is among the earliest and a very fine flower, and with the true Maximus, Henry Irving, Princeps, Countess of Annesley and Obvallaris should be planted by all, if only one bulb of each variety. The latest of the Trumpet section is Abscissus, or Muticus, and desirable on this account, while Emperor is well described as a magnificent flower, and it has proved perfectly hardy with us and is increasing threefold. There is this satisfaction in growing Daffodils, that where one plants a bulb at least two, and often three, may be found the following year. There never was a more profitable bulb grown by dealers than Sir Watkin, which is surprisingly prolific, but many are disappointed on first seeing it flower; indeed, there are many better ones.
Of the Swansneck section of drooping flowered Narcissus, some are very elegant, and most of them are nearly white. Among the best are Leda, William Goldring, Pallidus Praecox, Cernuus Pulcher, and N. moschatus, a lovely white variety. All the above varieties are found hardy here, and can, no doubt, be grown almost anywhere in the United States. We have planted forty-two kinds this fall, and hope to be able to report later as to their behavior here. There is no end to varieties, but if one only chooses the most distinct of each section to commence with, the others can be added as time goes on and the love for them increases, as it surely will. South Lancaster MA, E. O. Orpet. 14 October 1891
Hardy Bulbs
If not already in the ground, the bulbs of Tulips and Hyacinths, in the colder states, should be planted as soon as possible, or by the end of October at the latest. Tulips, as seen in our public gardens and parks, are gorgeous while they last, and are eminently suited to such places, and they are often planted largely in private places, and this is the reason that other bulbs have been so long in the background. Tulips are often planted for one season's display only and then thrown away, but it is a very easy matter to plant them somewhat deeper when they can remain in the beds permanently. The bulbs will increase and the quantity of flowers will increase annually if a good top-dressing be given to the bed in the fall, as recommended for the Narcissus. In light soils a depth of six inches is ample for Tulips, but an inch less is better if the soil be of a retentive nature. If it is desired to plant the bulbs in geometrical or other designs the soil must be entirely removed from the beds to the necessary depth, leaving the centre of the bed higher than the margin, just as the surface will be when the bulbs are covered, otherwise the centre bulbs would be covered deeper than the others and they would not flower together. Care must be taken not to tread the soil too hard while planting, or a free root-action will be hindered.
If it is necessary to enrich the soil in the beds it is best done by adding the fertilizers after the bulbs are just covered with soil and before the top-covering of soil is laid on. Most bulbs are very impatient of being brought into direct contact with manure. I always like to place it over them, that the roots may have the nutriment washed down to them by the rains. If there is the least germ present of what is known as the Lily disease, or basal rot, in Narcissus, it seems to me highly important that decaying animal or vegetable matter should not be allowed to come in contact with the bulbs. In cold heavy soil a good sprinkling of sharp grit, or sand, should be placed underneath the bulbs, and the young roots will start out with more vigor and spread rapidly. Bulbs of any description, indeed, cannot be grown in a soil that contains excessive moisture in winter or sunmmer; under-draining is in such a case imperative. Care must be taken that all the manure used is thoroughly decomposed, for in such material as half-decayed stable-manure field-mice are apt to find a happy hunting ground, and they are exceedingly fond of Tulips and other choice bulbs.
All these directions apply equally well to Hyacinths also, with the exception that Hyacinths, though they flower for two or three years, are never so good as they are the first season, and cannot be relied upon for permanent planting as Tulips and Narcissus can. It is scarcely necessary here to name varieties, as these are always well described and classed as to season, height and color in all bulb-catalogues, and it would be but a repetition here, but I would like to suggest a trial of the species of Tulips, even if only a few of each be planted. They are quite distinct; many are both curious and beautiful, most of them flower late, and all are worth growing. I refer to such species as Tulifia Gesneriana, T. Greigii, T. Turkestanica, T. Oculis-solis, T. cornuta, T. lutea, T. Clusiana, T. Florentina, and a few others. T. Greigii, the "Oueen of Tulips," is especially beautiful in flower and foliage. The Parrott Tulips, though they are unfitted for in-door culture, are very much admired and useful for cutting. These succeed well in the open ground when the soil is not too rich. South Lancaster MA, E. O. Orpet. 21 October 1891
The Hardy Plant Garden
Quite a number of perfectly hardy bulbs succeed best when planted in fall and allowed to remain in the soil all winter. Although not a bulb, strictly speaking, the Lily-of-the-Valley usually should be planted as soon as it is received. There are many gardens that have a shady corner where this plant would be perfectly happy for generations, in places where it is difficult to get grass to thrive, as, for example, under trees and near shrubs that have become bare at the base. All that is necessary in planting is to cover the crowns, or "pips," about three inches deep and mulch annually with well-decayed manure to insure an abundance of these lovely flowers. Another plant, not bulbous, which should be planted now is Mertensia Virginica, the "Virginian Cowslip." No garden is complete without this early spring flower, which is far more sought after in England than here. The Mertensia has large fleshy root-stocks that send up shoots in early spring, and these bear flowers of the most intense blue, which last a long time in perfection even when cut. It is at its best here the first week in May. The Dodecatheons, also, should be planted now, as they flower early too, and if they do not flower the first season mark the spot where they are in June when they die down, and another year, when stronger, their pretty Cyclamen-like flowers may be enjoyed. There are several varieties of Dodecatheon, and all are pretty, though there are some forms sold as D. Meadia, that have a poor washed-out pink color, which may be improved by the addition of burnt earth or refuse. Collectors tell us that where prairie-fires pass over a locality the Dodecatheon-flowers are always of a much deeper color. If this is so, we have a very simple way of improving a pretty garden plant.
If every one had courage to chronicle his failures as well as the successes the world would be much wiser today. Certain it is that the beautiful Anemones that thrive so well in Britain cannot be made to feel happy here, and after trying various methods we have now transplanted what are left of them to a cold frame, where they may flower in spring. We hope they will, as they are beautiful when cut and last a longtime, but it is not wise to speak of them as hardy. I am inclined to think that Anemone fulgens is much more hardy than the varieties of A. coronaria. We planted them out once in a cold frame and merely protected them with a sash, simply to keep off the rain and snow, and they did better than any I have ever grown in pots. It is very difficult to procure a good strain of A. fulgens now; nearly one-half of them are apt to turn out mere abortions, the flowers being a mixture of green and scarlet shredlike petals. There is a form in cultivation known as Graeca, which is the best of all, with broad Tulip-like petals. In districts south of Washington A. fulgens would be perfectly hardy and a beautiful border-flower when planted in light rich soil.
Calochortus, again, cannot be considered hardy. We tested them several ways last winter, but our only success was with those in cold frames planted in pans. These flowered beautifully in spring, and were very pretty when cut. In the garden now we have Colchicum autumnale in flower, a singular plant, which attracts attention always. Colchicums should be procured early, as the flowers often develop before their arrival here from Holland. In any case much must not be expected the first season, but in spring a good growth of foliage may be looked for, and in fall they will flower abundantly. They are often called autumn Crocuses. The winter Aconite is one of the earliest heralds of spring, with yellow flowers borne on a fringe of foliage just above the ground. A clump of this is gladdening to the eye, as the bright flowers open as soon as frost loosens its hold. Botanically the plant is Eranthis hyemalis.
Chionodoxa scarcely needs an introduction, so much has been said of it, but it has never yet been over-praised. The bulbs are small, but even if planted a foot deep they will come up and flower just as early. None except those who have tried know how difficult a bulb this is to attempt to dig in quantity; one is sure to leave as many behind as are taken up. The Chionodoxa is charming in any situation for early spring display, and with it comes the deeper blue Siberian Squill. These are both cheap, perfectly hardy, and should be planted about six inches deep. Iris reticulata, one of the bulbous Irises that flower early, is not difficult to keep, and is almost as fragrant as a Violet. A little breadth of this Iris is very pretty in early spring, as the flowers open with the Snowdrops. The best Snowdrop is Galanthus Elwesii. This seems to do better year after year than G. nivalis, the older kind, and flowers much earlier also. But of the time of flowering for spring bulbs very little can be said, as so much depends upon the weather. South Lancaster MA, E. O. Orpet. 11 November 1891
The Hardy Flower Garden
Whatever work remains to be done in this department should be pushed forward with all speed, as the soil is rapidly losing warmth, and the planting of herbaceous plants is dangerous if delayed too long. They do not take root in the cold soil, and are often lifted by the action of frost and killed before one is aware of it. Too much stress cannot be laid on the fact that for a considerable period in fall the soil is much warmer than the atmosphere, as may be easily ascertained by testing the matter with a thermometer, and this condition is very beneficial in establishing fall-planted bulbs and herbaceous plants, and, although herbaceous subjects are planted in larger quantities in spring, it is by no means the best season, as in spring root-action commences as soon as the frost leaves the ground, and it is more or less interrupted by transplanting at that season, however early it may be done.
When Lily-planting is contemplated the present time is the best possible if native-grown bulbs are to be used, but if imported bulbs are desired they cannot be had for several weeks, as the new stock has not arrived, and, in fact, does not arrive until too late for planting in the majority of cases, as, for instance, the Japan varieties, which are more in request than other kinds, and, taken as a class, imported ones are much more satisfactory, with perhaps one or two exceptions, as, for instance, Lilium auratum, which no one has taught us as yet how to grow and keep. With the exception of L. auraturn, home-grown Lilies may be planted now, and better flowers will follow than if later plantings are relied upon. The sooner the bulbs are planted the stronger will be the root-action from the base of the bulb; this is always poor when planting is done in spring, as the bulb has then to depend largely for subsistence upon the roots formed along the stem, and these have plenty to do to nourish properly the stalk and flowers. The depth to plant Lilies must depend largely upon several details which it is well to consider here; but, at the same time, it must be admitted that there never was a truer word spoken than that horticulture is necessarily "empirical." Experience does teach, and it is not all gained in a day, and seldom is Lily-culture fully mastered. I have noticed that some varieties with small bulbs will succeed well with shallow planting, as for example, L. Wallacei, L. callosum, L. elegans, and, emphatically, L. Philadelphicum, which always grows near the surface when found wild, while others with small bulbs, as, for example, L. Columbianum and L. tenuifoliumn, need deep planting.
A well-known Lily-grower once told me that people thought that because L. tenuifolium came from Siberia it would stand any degree of cold; but they forgot about the deep covering of snow by which the bulbs were protected on the approach of winter. Hence the saying that this beautiful Lily is best treated as an annual. L. tenuifolium, however, is not nearly as good as L. pomponium, which is not so well known, but produces more flowers of the same color, and fragrant, too, and it improves year after year under cultivation, so that we can well spare the Siberian species. L. Columbianum comes from the Pacific Coast and succeeds but poorly here in the east. I have only flowered it when planted ten to twelve inches deep, and the same remarks apply to L. Washingtonianum and L. Humboldtii. They are both beautiful but are seldom seen. Even when once planted in the garden they have a provoking way of lying dormant for eighteen months before trying to flower, and they usually die in the attempt. L. excelsum is a very distinct Lily, and is regarded as of hybrid origin as it has never been found growing wild. It should always be tried as it sometimes succeeds as well as L. candidurn, while the color is unique among Lilies - a light buff. L. Szovitsianum is another beautiful Lily seldom seen, though it sometimes succeeds well, but when it does it is not soon forgotten; the flowers are bright lemon-yellow. L. Martagon is another difficult Lily to grow, but I believe it needs stony soil, preferably elevated, as on rock-work, to make it comfortable. It is the true Turk's-cap Lily.
While the foregoing may be regarded as the shady side of Lily culture, there is still a bright side and a very sunny one it is. We must thank Japan for it to a great extent, for most of the Japan Lilies are perfectly at home here, and in some cases, as with the Tiger Lilies, we may often see them naturalized as escapees from gardens. L. speciosum and varieties, L. tigrinum and its varieties, L. Batemannae, L. Thunbergianum (or elegans), L. Hansoni, L. Japonicum and its variety Brownii, with perhaps L. Leichtlinii, constitute the majority of Lilies that can be grown outdoors here, and all are of Japanese origin. It is not generally known that the well-known Easter Lily can be grown and flowered in the open border equally as well as in the greenhouse if the bulbs are wintered in a cool cellar and planted out in spring. I refer to L. longiflorum and its variety Harrisii. L. candidum, the Madonna Lily, is perfectly hardy and needs no commendation. There are still three native Lilies that are worth growing in the garden as they improve so rapidly when given a moist soil and are very ornamental - L. superbum, L. Canadense, and L. pardalinum, the latter a western Lily but perfectly hardy here. As to planting, one cannot do wrong with those noted since they grow well here if they are planted eight or ten inches deep even where the soil is heavy, for this will save the young shoots from injury from frost in the spring; but with those that do not succeed well in all places it is best to try them in all positions available, being assured that when success is attained it will be worth recording. South Lancaster MA, E. O. Orpet. 2 December 1891
Eulalia gracillima univittata
This fine ornamental grass should not be confounded with the well-known varieties of E. Japonica. The newer plant has been extensively catalogued as E. univittata, and the tendency is to associate it mentally with the older kind, and therefore it has not been so widely distributed as it deserves, for it is quite distinct in appearance, and it may be employed in places where the older E. Japonica would be quite unsuitable. E. gracillima does not exceed four feet in height under the most liberal treatment, and this is one of its most useful characteristics, for it can be used as a centre plant in large vases to the best advantage. Its foliage has a tendency to assume a horizontal position when fully matured, and this, with the white midrib of the leaf, gives the plant a very distinct appearance among ornamental grasses. Our plants were originally obtained from Monsieur Lemoine, Nancy, from whom so many desirable plants have emanated, but the native country of E. gracillima is, without doubt, Japan. It has been described as perfectly hardy in the United States, but this needs confirmation. Perhaps some reader may be able to enlighten us. Our own stock has hitherto been too limited to risk losing it by leaving it out during winter in these colder states, and there is so little trouble involved in lifting the roots and storing them in sand in a cellar that we usually adopt this method and plant them out again in newly enriched soil in spring. According to Bentham and Hooker, we must no longer call our plants Eulalias, the proper name being Miscanthus; but probably the garden name will be Eulalia for a long time.
Dahlia imperialis
This is at present one of the rarest of Dahlias in cultivation. Why this is so is not easily understood, for there is no other Dahlia so worthy of a place as this species, if space can be given it at this season, in a greenhouse. The word space means a good deal here, for, while two square feet of pot-room is enough for a well-developed specimen, it must have at least eight feet of head-room. Our plants were grown out-of-doors until frost came, when they were about five feet high; they immediately showed flower-buds, while the plants rapidly grew three to four feet higher. The first blooms are now open, and we shall have a succession of them all winter. They are very suitable for cutting, as they last a long time in water. While most other Dahlias have a flat outline, the flowers of the Imperial Dahlia are broadly campanulate, and resemble a Lily much more than a Dahlia in outline, the flowers often measuring eight inches across, and the petals being over an inch across and pure white, except at the base, where they are pink. The anthers and pollen are bright orange, forming a pretty centre to the flowers. Dahlia imperialis, in common with most of the other species, is native of Mexico, whence the plants were originally introduced into Europe over a century ago, and were at first grown for the tuberous roots, which were said to be edible, but they never found much favor with man or beast, owing to their acrid or medicinal flavor. All the species of Dahlia are single, the double varieties being the result of the gardener's art.
Montbretias (Tritonias)
In a recent article in GARDEN AND FOREST Mr. Barker says that, so far as he is aware, M. crocosmoeflora is the only hybrid in cultivation in the United States. But Mr. Gerard and others have noted on more than one occasion some half dozen others of Monsieur Lemoine's productions, such as Etoile de feu, Bouquet parfait, Drap d'or, Rayon d'or, Tigridie, Transcendant and others, all of which are distinct and equal in merit to the original M. crocosmoeflora. It is a mistake to treat Montbretias as hardy plants, for they certainly are no more hardy than the Gladiolus here in the eastern states. I have known after a mild winter a few stray bulbs to come up here and there in a feeble sort of way, precisely as do Gladiolus-corms of Monsieur Lemoine's so-called hardy kinds; but there seems to me no sort of reason for risking Montbretias in this way when it is so easy to take them up at the same time that Gladioli are dug, and store them away in a cellar in sand or earth that is moderately damp. To grow these plants well requires a rich soil, the richer the better, hence one of the advantages of transplanting every year to a new position. There are, I know, several others who cultivate the newer kinds. My own were received partly from a correspondent in Oregon and partly from another in Indiana. It would be interesting to have the experience of these western growers. South Lancaster MA, E. O. Orpet. 16 December 1891
Cattleya labiata
This new old Cattleya, the rediscovery of which has caused such a sensation in Orchid circles, is now being distributed by several firms - a decided advantage to the purchaser, and, what is satisfactory to all, the supply does not seem to diminish but to assist also in the introduction of other new and desirable plants from the same district. In future, there is no reason why Cattleya-flowers should not be as plentiful in November as in the flowering seasons of C. Trianae, C. Mendelli and C. Mossiea, from early spring onwards. It was my privilege a few days ago to see some ten or twelve varieties in flower in the gardens of H. H. Hunnewell, Esq., at Wellesley. The plants in question were bought a year ago for C. Warocqueana, and are obviously the true C. labiata, and of the many plants in bloom no two were alike; all are distinct, resembling in this respect the favorite C. Trianae. We are told that this Cattleya is easy to grow, and certain it is that owing either to the inherent vigor of the plants or Mr. Harris' skillful treatment, or perhaps both, all of them were perfectly happy and growing and flowering vigorously in their new home. One could not help wishing a long life to C. labiata, for the lives of some of the very best are all too short under cultivation.
Scabiosa Caucasica
Now that the seed catalogues are in process of construction it may not be out of place to protest against the way that seeds of choice hardy perennials are persistently omitted. True, some of the commoner kinds are sometimes included, but for the really good and choice kinds we must send to the seed-growers in Europe and these, in their turn, will sometimes refer you to their wholesale buyers here, whose lists, you know, do not contain the desired seeds, even if the dealers are aware of the merits of the plants in question. It is quite time that some firm here took up this branch of the seed business and made the fact known. There is no doubt that they would be supported by the flower-loving public now that perennial border-plants are better known than ever before. It was with considerable difficulty that I obtained seeds of Scabiosa Caucasica last spring, and they grew and flowered well. During the last week of November I was much surprised to see some of the bright blue flowers expected in the open border that had many times been frozen, but which were still unhurt. Many complain of this Scabious as being difficult to cultivate, but it is not so here. In moist heavy soil they thrive and bloom the first year, and are perfectly hardy, though the plant is said to be indigenous to arid places in the Caucasus and Armenia. Hardy, or even annual plants that possess this pleasing shade of lavender-blue are rare, and should be made the most of in gardens, especially where cut flowers are desired in quantity. South Lancaster MA, E. O. O. 6 January 1892
Primula Auricula
P. Auricula is known as the Alpine Auricula to distinguish it from the fancy or exhibition kinds which have originated from the same source, but are the result of many years of careful cultivation and selection. Of the fancy Auriculas we have no need to speak here further than to say that they are not in commerce in this country, and probably never will be, as their constitution is much less vigorous than that of the parent P. Auricula, and, as a result of a generation or two of coddling, they are less hardy and much more liable to insect pests than the original stock. Fortunately for us the species has been preserved, and we still can cultivate it and enjoy its distinct beauty and fragrance. The best way to secure a stock of Auriculas is to get seed of a good strain, for there are marked differences in the quality of the flowers and the germinating power of the seed. The best time to sow the seed is the present month, for, as the seedlings are of rather slow growth in their earlier stages, it is much better to get them up to a good size before the heat of summer is upon us. Weak plants melt away under a hot sun, and the efforts of a whole season are lost. If seed be sown now the plants will be large enough to pot off in March, and by May or June they can be planted out in a frame, where they can be shaded in the hottest part of the day, as heat is much more trying to them than cold. If the young plants have partial shade they will grow more or less all summer, and in fall will make rapid progress during the cool nights, and by the time winter sets in they should be thoroughly hardened off to withstand the cold. They will become hardened naturally, unless kept covered with sashes when there is no necessity for them, and when cold weather sets in a few dry leaves or Pine-needles may be spread among the plants, and shutters may be put over until spring, when the plants will start to grow, and flower as soon as the covering is removed. The plants are not hard to suit in the matter of soil. Loam, with leaf-mold and a little fertilizer, will be found satisfactory. Auriculas are fond of moisture, and during the growing season must have plenty of water, hence the difficulty of growing them in pots. When the foliage is large and thick the pots are covered and water difficult to applv. so we prefer to plant them out in frames, from which they may be lifted and potted in the flowering season, if wanted for indoor decoration, for which they are well adapted, as they last well and have exquisite color and a pleasing fragrance. The only real difficulties in the culture of these Auriculas are the heat of summer, for which shade is an easy remedy, and the freezing and thawing of the winter season. If kept dry overhead frost does not injure them, but frost and wet combined often rots them, hence the need of covering and a space for the circulation of air, when the plants will winter well and flower the spring after they are sown. Those who have only the convenience of a cold frame will find great pleasure in cultivating Auriculas, as there are almost always some in flower where plants are grown in any quantity. Unfortunately, few attempt to grow them. I can sympathize with those who are discouraged, for some of the seed I used last spring proved disappointing. It is a great point gained if the seeds are authentic. We are told by dealers that Auricula seed has a trick of waiting a year, or oftener two years, before it germinates, but I find that if the seed is good, all that has not given plants ready to prick off at the end of three months is not worth waiting for any longer. South Lancaster MA, E. O. Orpet. 20 January 1892
Seed-sowing
January is a dull month as far as garden operations are concerned. The days are so short that growing plants are almost at a standstill, so there is very little potting that can be done; but it is an excellent time to sow small seeds like those of Begonias and Gloxinias. It is well known that seeds germinate well when kept darkened, and partly owing to this, and because the temperature is under control at this season, small seeds will now germinate evenly and well, and they are not so liable to be washed out by overwatering, because, if they are properly sown, little water is needed until they are above ground. To destroy all insects and weed-seeds in the soil intended for use it is a good plan to prepare it, sifted, ready for use, and then place it in a tin vessel and bake it for half an hour in a hot oven. This treatment will forestall all trouble with worms or weeds. When sowing a lot of Australian seeds some time ago I tried the solution of copper, which is said to prevent pots from becoming green, and this, with baked soil, seemed to be a good way to reduce the growth of moss on the soil to a minimum, as perfectly new pots were used. The pots, however, became as green as if they had not been treated with copper, and I am apprehensive, therefore, that we have not yet found a sure remedy for this trouble. Last year from a twelve-inch pan and one packet of seeds we pricked off over 200 Gloxinias, about half of which flowered in six-inch pots in July-that is, in about six months from the time of sowing-and there is nothing unusual about this if good seed be used and temperature of sixty degrees be maintained at night. Many amateurs think that it does not matter much what sort of a night temperature prevails in their greenhouse so long as frost is excluded, and often, too, on a mild night it may be ten or fifteen degrees higher than it was the night before, and then they wonder why tender seeds damp off or never come up. It should be made a point to maintain the right heat from the time the seed is sown, or if this cannot be done in the coldest weather, then no more seed should be sown for another month. In most greenhouses, fortunately, there is a warm corner where a small frame may be placed to put seed-pans in and keep them at a little higher temperature than that of the house itself, just to coax the seed a little at first. After they are up even, and large enough to prick off, lift with a small forked stick and transplant. As to soil suitable for seeds, there are two cardinal points to be observed. Enough decayed leaf-mold should be added to the loam to prevent it from caking or becoming hard, and enough sand should be added to guard against its becoming sour or water-soaked. Soil of this quality and texture is suitable to receive any seed, large or small. Fertilizers are not desirable in the seed-pans or in the soil used for pricking off into boxes; but when the time comes to pot the young plants -a richer soil will be beneficial, for they need nourishing as they gain strength. Such small seeds need very little covering; the pans should be filled to within half an inch of the rim, and a little very fine soil should then be sifted over the surface. If the' pans are then well watered and allowed to drain for an hour, the seeds can be sowed evenly and a slight sprinkling of sand should be sifted over them. In watering care should be taken not to wash the sand. A fine sieve suitable for seed-sowing may easily be made with a piece of wire mosquito-netting tacked on to a shallow cigar-box after removing the bottom and the lid. This sieve will be found useful for cleaning seed, especially if wire-netting of different sizes can be procured. South Lancaster MA, O. O. 17 February 1892
Perennial Plants from Seed
For those who have greenhouses the time for seed-sowing is at hand, and a choice must be made at once of the plants upon which we are to rely for the display of the coming season. It may be a trifle early for many annuals, but all perennials of hardy kinds should now be sown if the convenience of a glass-house and a night temperature of fifty degrees can be provided. If their seed is sown now, most hardy perennials will flower this year like annuals, and will be in a way to give much better results another year. The proper method of sowing seeds has been often described in GARDEN AND FOREST, but there are minor details concerning which some caution and counsel may be acceptable to amateurs who wish to raise their own plants. Some persons may question the wisdom of going to the trouble to sow seeds when a plant can be obtained as cheaply as a packet of seed, and all the trouble incident to raising the plants avoided. I can only reply that a true lover of plants enjoys such difficulties and uncertainties as challenge his patience and skill. But there are some plants which do not produce seed. Veronica longifolia subsessilis, Dicentra spectabilis, Lychnis viscaria splendens, the double Lychnis Chalcedonica and Lychnis vespertina are cases in point. The three last named are doubleflowered forms, and the reason is plain, but in the two first named plants it is not so easy to understand why seed is never produced here. Dicentra eximia yields abundant seed at home, in Tennessee, but very seldom in New Jersey, while here again it seeds abundantly. The flowers of Dicentra have to be punctured by bees to obtain the nectar within, and perhaps the agency of various insects may explain this case. Among the plants that may be sown now to flower the first year are most of the Coreopsis, many Campanulas, Centaurea montana, Scabiosa Caucasica, Delphiniums of the formosum and grandiflorum type, including all garden forms, Doronicunms, Dracocephalums, Echinacea purpurea, Globularia trichosantha, Kniphofias, Linum perenne, Lathyrus latifolius, Lychnis Chalcedonica, L. Haageana, Platycodon Mariesii, P. grandiflorum, Polemoniums, Primula auricula, Pyrethrum uliginosum, P. roseum, and the double-flowered forms. Of the kinds that will make good plants this season to flower well the next are Aquilegias, Aconitum, Agrostemma, Dianthus, Dicentra, Echinops, Geums, Gypsophilas, Helenium Hoopesii, Heuchera sanguinea,Lobelia cardinalis, Morina longifolia, Pentstemons, Saponaria ocymoides, Thermopsis Caroliniana, Statice latifolia and other varieties, Asphodelus luteus and A. albus, Primula rosea, P. Japonica, P. Sieboldii and the perennial Lupins. There are some kinds that require special treatment, such as freezing, to induce them to germinate well, and it is not wise to sow any seeds of these kinds now; if sown in September many months of care and attention is avoided. Trollius, Hellebores, Gillenia trifoliata, Anthericum liliastrum and its variety, major, are all better after freezing. Aquilegia caerulea, the beautiful Rocky Mountain Columbine, often comes poorly from seed, and it is necessary to sow every year a little seed, as the plant is a poor perennial; of one hundred plants about seventy-five will prove biennial, or die during the first winter. The seeds germinate better after freezing, but are very difficult to obtain true, and any one who is in a position to collect seed from wild plants would obtain speedy sale for it both here and in Europe. It is difficult to understand the lack of vigor in A. caerulea, while A. chrysantha, which occurs in the same region, is the most vigorous Columbine we have. These two Aquilegias, with A. Canadensis, occur together in a wild state, but never or rarely mix, because there is a month's difference in time of flowering, but when they are planted in gardens near European kinds their individuality speedily becomes lost if they are perpetuated by home-saved seed. Many of us are still hoping for the re-introduction into cultivation of the rare A. longissima, figured in an early number of GARDEN AND FOREST. Dictamnus Fraxinella seeds freely, and should be sown directly it is ripe and placed in a shady place away from frost, when it will germinate in the spring following, and the same is true of all the Alstromerias, though these latter when purchased are often old, and then sometimes take longer than one year to germinate. I have never been able to determine the exact rule of their conduct. Sometimes the seeds germinate freely when not freshly gathered, but oftener the reverse is true. Seed of A. aurantiaca gathered last fall and sown at once is now coming up nicely, while purchased seed sown a year ago is only just appearing. Romneya Coulteri is a plant that has puzzled many who have tried to raise it from seed; but a correspondent in California writes that it will not germinate until two years after sowing, whether the seed be fresh or not. I have from the same source seeds, both old and new, sowed in the same box, hoping to test the matter. If seeds sometimes fail it is not always the fault of the dealer, but the lack of knowing just how to treat them. Very small seeds, such as those of Campanula Carpatica, are good, as a rule, for one year only, and will not grow when kept longer. They seem to become moldy in the moist atmosphere of dogdays. There is always abundant room for study in the matter of seed and seed-sowing, and the more one learns with regard to perennials the more learning seems to be at fault. In old times, if seeds failed to grow, we used to blame the dealer, and the matter was settled, but sometimes after throwing out the pans a few seed that chanced to be washed over begin to grow, and then we wonder why. Any one with a garden loses half its charm if he does not grow plants from seeds and watch them develop. Our best Orchid-growers say buy newly imported plants. You have to wait longer to see them flower, but you have the pleasure of doing your own selecting, and so it is with all plants raised from seed, whether they are annuals, perennials, tender or hardy. South Lancaster MA, O. O. 2 March 1892
Pyrethrums
Within the past few years both the double and single varieties of these fine border perennials have been improved to such a degree that it is hard to decide which ones to choose out of the long lists catalogued by dealers, especially since the new and high-priced varieties are naturally described as the best ever offered. It is always safe, however, to begin with welltried kinds, and add the newer ones later if they are desired. Pyrethrums have met with much favor among hardy plant growers quite recently, as it is not very long since the fact of their hardiness was announced as a discovery in some gardening papers. There need be no longer any doubt as to their ability to winter in safety, but the way to insure this is to plant them in spring, so that they are well established by fall. The one thing Pyrethrums dislike of all else is disturbance of the root; once established and let alone success is certain. They seem to have little preference as to soils. I have grown them equally well in heavy soil and in a very sandy and dry one. The single varieties, especially the colored ones, are most in demand now, and for use as cut flowers they are far preferable to the double kinds. Even for border decoration the double varieties have a somewhat lumpy appearance when in bloom, and the first rain gives them a disheveled air, while the single flowers stand up fresh and bright. For both these reasons the double varieties are gradually making room for their more natural and graceful relatives, which present at the same time the oldest and most recent phases of the development of Pyrethrum roseum. The original is a native of the Caucasus, and is one of the plants from which is obtained the insect powder of commerce. Some brief notes on propagating the most desirable varieties will explain the system which I have found satisfactory. By using it 300 plants were obtained from twenty in one year after they had been imported, and each of the 300 was better than the originals at the time of receiving them; for Pyrethrums are extremely difficult things to import successfully. As soon as frost leaves the ground these plants are among the first to show signs of growth, and when the first small leaves are developed the clumps should be lifted carefully and the soil shaken or washed off the roots, when it will be seen that all these young shoots may be easily severed from the rootstock, many of them with roots attached. Others may have no roots, and these may be placed in the propagating bench, where they will speedily root, and when they may be potted in three-inch pots and carefully nursed for a few weeks before planting in the open ground. Those shoots that have roots when detached from the parent plant may be potted and placed at once in a cold frame, where they will grow on as if nothing had happened, and will even produce flowers in their season, but these are best pinched off as soon as they show, as this will induce the plant to make side shoots and become a much stronger plant for the next season. This method of propagation is very simple, and with a cold frame even a novice may increase plants in this way if he begins in time-that is, before the plants have made too much growth. If the work is delayed until the leaves are more advanced, and the sunshine is stronger, the plants will require shading, which will weaken them. The winter cold has few terrors for established Pyrethrums, but a hot dry summer after first planting them is most trying. Pyrethrums, like most other hardy plants, may be easily raised from seed, and is a good way to form a collection quickly where they are required in quantity for cutting purposes. Named kinds may be acquired as chances offer. It seems scarcely necessary to name any kinds as being better than others. I have found that both French and English raisers have a set peculiar to themselves, and there is very little, if any, choice between them. A list taken from all would be too large for the needs of most gardens. It is quite difficult to obtain a good named set without importing them, which is perhaps explained by the fact that the annual demand is so great that growers find it hard to increase their stock rapidly enough to meet it. When the first cost is considered and the usual losses added, it is not surprising that so few are grown to name. South Lancaster MA, E. O. Orpet. 23 March 1892
The Flower-garden
In the best gardens it is found that hardy perennials alone are not as satisfactory as when plants of other characters are judiciously mingled with the permanent occupants of the border. Many hardy plants flower early and die down at midsummer, and something must be provided to take their place, if for no other purpose than to cover the ground for the remainder of the season. The easiest way to do this is to sow, or plant, annuals in the vacant spaces, to fill up the gaps, and perhaps to render other services which we have not taken into account. On this side of the Atlantic we have as yet heard nothing of the dread disease that attacks Narcissus-bulbs, known as basal-rot. No doubt our drier summers, which prevent superfluous moisture around the bulbs during the resting period, enable them to enjoy a marked season of rest after the foliage begins to die down. To do this, European growers sometimes have to lift their stock of certain kinds to ensure thorough ripening and complete rest, and American cultivators sometimes ask if it is necessary to lift the bulbs annually, the impression that it is being probably derived from foreign periodicals and practice. It has never seemed to me essential to lift any bulbs except for purposes of division; and perhaps on retentive soils, which hold considerable moisture even in dry weather, the planting of annuals over them may have an excellent effect by appropriating this surplus water and such nutriment as the bulbs are unable to assimilate when at rest. Last year China Asters proved a complete success over the Narcissus-bulbs, the latter commencing to make new roots when the heavy fall rains came that put an end to the Asters. The basal-rot is, unfortunately, only too common here among certain species of Lilies. When lifting a refractory kind we have too often seen it tumble apart, leaving but a few of the inner scales adhering to the root-stock. Lilium excelsum, L. Brownii, L. Pyrenaicum and the non-rhizomiferous Californian species are well-known instances, as too many of us can testify. This disintegration must not be confounded with the Lily disease proper, which is quite another thing. If planters would try these delicate Lilies among other plants, even among the dwarfer shrubs, where they would have to fight more or less for an existence, the results would be far more satisfactory. I have seen L. Pyrenaicurn (a most refractory kind) naturalized among rank grass, holding its own year after year and filling the air with its fragrance. Lilies are not exacting in their demands, and I think we usually err in kindness to them. We give them rich soil when decayed leafmold would be better, and we keep the soil about them religiously free from plants that would shade the surface of the soil, and keep it moist in hot weather, and absorb by root action any superabundance of moisture when the bulbs are resting. Besides strictly bulbous plants there are many herbaceous ones which die down early, such as the beautiful Corydalis nobilis, so rarely seen in gardens; Mertensia Virginica, the Oriental Poppies, all Trilliums, some of the Dicentras and Ranunculus. With a little forethought and less trouble, at least two distinct effects should be obtained in a border planted with hardy plants. The plants to use will readily occur to those who wish to try the plan;-Asters, Zinnias, Stocks, Mignonette, Candytuft, annual Poppies and Larkspurs, with such summerflowering bulbs as Gladiolus, Tigridias, Milla biflora, Tritomas and Montbretias, these latter being lifted and stored in the cellar in fall. South Lancaster MA, E. O. Orpet. 30 March 1892
Flower Garden Notes
It is in season to note a few of the desirable plants for the summer garden, both annual and perennial. We have many plants that are perennial if wintered over where the space can be spared for them. One of these is the beautiful Grass, Pennisetum longistylum. Last summer, when planted the length of a wide border in front of greenhouses, it was very attractive, and it will be better known in future, though it is by no means new. Pennisetum grows about two feet high, and can easily be raised from seed of good quality, but it can also be easily propagated by dividing the roots and starting them in small pots in spring. Our plants are now stored in a cellar with other tender plants and must now be divided and started into growth to produce good effect early in summer. The same is true of the Cannas, called dwarf, the more recent varieties of which are distinctly in advance of all others. The Star of I891 is now a fine sight in full flower in the greenhouse here. We have eighty plants from one obtained last spring, it propagates so readily by division. A bed of this Canna alone, seen last summer, was very attractive and worthy of reproduction by those who have the plants at their disposal. When planted out, the Canna Star of I891 grows to a height of about five feet, but under potculture it becomes a handsome plant, rarely more than three feet high.
The newer strains of Dahlias are to be recommended, especially the dwarf ones, both single and double. The staking, which is usually necessary with other kinds, is not needed for these plants, as they make a handsome bed of themselves. In this locality Dahlias are a complete failure after the Chrysanthemum fly appears. These insects sting the growing tips of the shoots and buds and that is the end of the display for the season. I have noticed in cottage gardens by roadsides, where the Dahlias can hardly be recognized for the dust that covers them, that they flower freely and the insects do not trouble them.
The Marguerite Carnations are rapidly gaining in favor, and have already passed through the "novelty" stage or crisis, which means usually fifty per cent single flowers if double ones are promised. These carnations, now offered in separate colors, are fragrant and free-blooming, but to get the most out of them they should be sown at once in heat, if this has not already been done, to be pricked off singly and transferred later to the place where they are to flower. They will need careful staking to prevent them from becoming storm-beaten when in bloom. Of China Asters tried last summer, Queen of the Market proved the best of all for cutting purposes, and was also the earliest to flower. The stems were stiff and of good length. Peach-blossom is a pretty shade of pink, and when grown in quantity produced a very pleasing effect, as did also the dark crimson General Jacqueminot, quite the best dark Aster I have met. With Mignonette, the Giant Crimson has proved the best and most vigorous variety indoors and outside in summer. The spikes are large, of a pleasing color and as fragrant or more so than any other kind. Mignonette requires a moist soil or plenty of water applied to keep it going all the summer, and then the more they are cut the better the plants will flower, and the same is true of Sweet Peas. There is a threatened scarcity of the supply of Sweet Pea-seeds, and the price has been raised accordingly by some dealers. These should be among the first seeds sown out-of-doors, so that it is wise to obtain them early. If the flowers are picked clean every day they will continue to appear until frost comes. When once allowed to seed, then flowering is over.
For forwarding the numerous tender annual seeds nothing is better than a gentle hot-bed. When the fermenting material used is four to five feet thick and covered with about six inches of soil, the pots and pans may be plunged in it and receive a gentle warmth that will greatly help germination, and afterward serve as a place for forwarding the young seedlings when pricked out until time for planting out. Those who have only a cold frame in winter should excavate within it to the required depth, and fill this in the spring with fermenting material that has been mixed with leaves a day or two and allowed to become warm. It can then be trodden firm in the frame and used at once for sowing seeds if six inches of soil has been placed on top. This is the best place for sowing seeds of Asters, Stocks, Zinnias, Tomatoes, Peppers, Eggplants and many more of a like character. The frame may be used in summer for Cucumbers or Melons in places where these do not thrive in the open, as, for example, in this section. South Lancaster MA, E. O. Orpet. 20 April 1892
Narcissus Bulbocodium
It is a matter of surprise that this Narcissus, the Hooped Petticoat Daffodil, is not more generally known and cultivated by those who grow bulbous winter-flowering plants; while many others are grown in immense quantity, these little gems are seldom seen. When trying to obtain some bulbs last fall I was told they could not be found to the number required in any of three large cities, and they had to be imported before an order for 500 could be filled. No bulb gives more flowers in proportion to its size, as it is quite common to see five flowers to a bulb, so that when planted thickly in shallow pans the effect is very pleasing. It is possible ihat many have failed with this Narcissus because of attempts to force it. Under this treatment nothing but leaves will be produced, as is the case with the Snowdrop or Crocus. After being potted they should be wintered in a cold frame until the end of February, when the flowers will be produced with very little heat in a greenhouse or in a sitting-room window. N. Bulbocodium is of a bright yellow in the typical plant, but there is a variety known as Citrinus that has flowers of a lovely lemon-yellow, but this form cannot yet be obtained in quantity at reasonable prices. This last remark applies also to N. cyclamineus, the Cyclamen-flowered Narcissus, which to me is the prettiest of the whole genus. Its dainty and quaint appearance, so different from all others, makes one wish it would live longer in cultivation, but complaints are common that after once flowering it dwindles away, and such has been my experience. Mr. Barr, the Narcissus specialist, tells us it needs a moist situation when planted out; but, then, a New England winter is vastly different from that of Portugal, and planting outdoors here is not to be thought of. This kind was lost to cultivation for over one hundred years, owing possibly to the difficulty in growing it, and now that it is rediscovered there is a danger of its being exterminated by collectors unless better success is obtained with it under cultivation. South Lancaster MA, O. O. 4 May 1892
Flower Garden Notes
These are busy times in the hardy flower-garden; all protective coverings have been removed, and plants are coming up vigorously. No time should be lost in moving plants now, as the less growth they make before they are planted the more certain the success the coming season. Some plants never do so well as when planted while small where they are to remain, and I am convinced that this is one of the secrets of success with that beautiful Columbine, Aquilegia glandulosa. Many people prefer large plants, and it must be admitted that, in some cases, they are desirable, but many of the more robust sorts, such as Delphiniums, Campanulas, Aquilegias and Phlox, grow with greater vigor if they are transplanted when small. The first flower in the garden this season was Primula denticulata nivalis, the white form of a well-known Himalayan Primrose. The spikes of flowers come before the foliage, as in P. rosea, and are pure white, with a yellow eye. These were raised from seed a year ago and planted in a shady corner in a group with P. rosea, which is now also in bloom. The typical P. denticulata is also perfectly hardy, and the flowers are lilac-colored. P. cortusoides is also in flower, and is a pretty little species, often said to be the same as P. Sieboldii, but there is a vast difference from a garden standpoint, the last-named plant being much better, the numerous varieties making a charming group in themselves. We are so accustomed to seeing P. Sieboldii grown indoors in pots that we are apt to forget how well it thrives outside in a shady moist situation if slightly covered in winter, as the roots are rhizomatous and easily lifted by frost. Those who possess a rock-garden would do well to try these Primulas, selecting for them moist shady nooks. The sun in summer is more distressing to them than the cold of winter. Auriculas are now in full beauty in cold frames. These are so easily managed in this way that they ought be taken up by many who can afford a frame in a shady place in summer. A bunch of Auriculas when cut makes a sweeter and prettier nosegay than almost any other Primrose. The old-fashioned double white Primrose has been in bloom more than a month, and is now turning pink, but it has been in bloom in good condition for a longer time than usual with Primulas. This was wintered with the Auriculas, and is very easily propagated by division; seeds are not produced. The long-continued dry weather is somewhat unusual at this season, as we have had no rain for four weeks, and the consequence is manifest in the Narcissus-beds; the flowers are coming short-stemmed, and water is sadly needed at the roots. This season, as last, N. bicolor praecox was in bloom a week before any other kind, and a few days ago it was the only kind in bloom, but Ard Righ, N. obvallaris, and Golden Spur soon followed, and we have now over a dozen kinds in full bloom. There is a great future for Golden Spur and Countess of Annesley (the Castlewellan Daffodil), the last being especially free-blooming and vigorous, increasing threefold annually. By the time this is published the best kinds will all be in bloom. Salvia argentea is a plant usually grown as an annual for the beauty of its foliage, and in the early part of the day when sparkling with dew it presents a pretty picture in the front row of a border. It was a surprise to see plants set out last year coming up strong and unharmed by the winter, as there are no other Salvias that will live out unhurt in this locality, and even the garden Sage has to be treated as an annual. Every spring one is tempted to ask why Mertensia Virginica is so seldom seen in gardens, since there is nothing more beautiful in its season. It is very plentiful and easily obtained in some sections, but rarely seen in gardens. The beautiful blue flowers last well when cut. South Lancaster MA, E. O. Orpet. 11 May 1892
Euphorbia Jacquiniaeflora
This plant, a very old inhabitant of our greenhouses, is more correctly known as E. fulgens, but to the present generation of gardeners it will be the more familiar by the old name. Like E. pulcherrima, which is also better known as Poinsettia, it is a native of Mexico, and both are naturalized in Florida in the Orange belt, and makea gorgeous display at Christmas-time out-of-doors. It is well known that it is the colored bracts of the Poinsettia which make it so conspicuous, but in its near relative it is the flowers themselves that are ornamental. These are produced in short axillary racemes at the extremities of the shoots, and the quantity of flowers depends entirely on the strength of the shoots. For this reason we prefer to grow the plants on quickly to a single stem, not pinching the tops out at all, as one good stout spray twelve to eighteen inches in length studded with bright orange-scarlet flowers is much preferable for cutting purposes to smaller sprays, even if more numerous. Under pot-culture, E. Jacquiniaeflora has a rather bad reputation, it being somewhat liable to die off just above the soil. Too much or too little water will produce this result, but we find that when planted out in benches in an ordinary Rose-house temperature a vigorous healthy growth can be obtained, with very little danger from the trouble referred to, with an abundance of bloom at a season when cut flowers are in great demand. Another feature of this plant is, that the flowers will be produced on the plants in succession for more than two months, so that there is no trouble in saving them for any special purpose or occasion. It is well known that Poinsettias wilt badly when cut and put in water, but if cut and the whole stems submerged in water, and the bracts allowed to float for about twenty-four hours, this difficulty may be entirely overcome, and the same treatment can be given to the Euphorbia. This was discovered quite by accident, when a lot of wilted branches of Poinsettias were placed in a bath-tub to preserve the bracts; the sterns are capable of absorbing a quantity of water and storing it for use. We find Euphorbias root easily when the young shoots are taken off close to the old stems, or "with a heel," as it is termed by propagators. These are potted up when rooted, and grown on into four-inch pots, and from these transferred to their permanent places in benches wherever there is root-room. The growth made is somewhat slender, and does not shade or otherwise interfere with other occupants of the house or benches, and the temperature and soil of a Rosehouse suit them admirably. South Lancaster MA, O. O. 25 May 1892
Aquilegia Stuartii
Tbis Columbine has been described as the most beautiful of all cultivated kinds, and as the plants are just flowering with us for the first time from seed, I wish to add my testimony to its excellence. Its parents are said to be Aquilegia ccerulea, a North American species, and A. glandulosa, which is of Siberian origin. The plant shows plainly by its very dwarf foliage the influence of A. glandulosa, but the flowerstems are longer than those of that species, although not more than eighteen inches high, while the flowers are large in proportion, being four inches across. The petals are dark blue and the centre white, so that in general appearance the flowers resemble a good variety of A. ccerulea, but the spurs are shorter. Taken altogether, A. Stuartii is an improvement on its parents, both of which have a rather doubtful reputation as good border-plants. A. coerulea has a provoking way of dying after flowering, and sometimes before, and A. glandulosa rarely does well in gardens unless raised from seed and set out where it is to remain. Stuart's Columbine is probably the only authentic hybrid from A. glandulosa, the seeds of which differ from all others, being of a dull opaque black, and the seeds of A. Stuartii are similar, while the seeds of other Columbines are of a bright shining black. A. Stuartii, we believe, was raised in Scotland, and was first distributed by Mr. Wm. Thompson, of Ipswich, England. It should be remarked, also, that this Aquilegia is very early in flower; there was no other species in bloom when it first opened, not even the native A. Canadensis, and now all other varieties will be sacrificed as they flower to be sure that seeds can be saved true. In this way only can Aquilegias be perpetuated by seed. South Lancaster MA, E. O. Orpet. 8 June 1892
Hardy Narcissus
Thw season of these spring-flowering bulbs commenced here about the 20th of April with N. bicolor praecox (Hartland). There were blossoms of this variety open seven days before any other. These were quickly followed by Ard-Righ, Countess of Annesley, Golden Spur, Henry Irving and General Gordon. All of these varieties are Ajax or Trumpet Daffodils, and they are also all yellow. With us these kinds came into flower in the order named. I learned after the bulbs of ArdRigh were planted that "garden-soil kills them." Ard-Righ, Leda, and the white varieties, N. Moschatus, N. cernuus pulcher, N. pallidus precox and William Goldring, require conditions different trom those under which the rest of the family thrive. They are hardy; the trouble appears to be with their digestion, and rich soil seems too strong a diet. N. Moschatus is fast dwindling away. Next fall all these varieties will be planted among grass. The flowers of N. cernuus pulcher are very chaste and beautiful, as are those of William Goldring, which is later flowering than the other varieties of the section known as the Swan's-neck Daffodils. Leda was a complete failure; from the few bulbs planted not one perfect flower was produced. Of the Ajax varieties Countess of Annesley is the best with us; it is almost as early as ArdRigh and Golden Spur, and has a much more expanded trumpet. It does remarkably well in ordinary garden-soil, and it has also the merit of being cheap. The old N. trumpet maximus is perhaps the richest-colored Daffodil grown, and is good in every way. Tlough not an early-flowering kind, it comes in with Empress and the best of the Bicolors. N. rugilobus is free-flowering and does well. Bulbs planted two seasons have this year produced five to seven flowers to a bulb. This variety resembles Emperor, but is smaller; the outer edge of the trumpet is beautifully set at right angles as if hammered out.
The Saragossa Daffodil is an early-flowering variety, but is much too dwarf for border-culture, the first showers bespattering the flowers as they scarcely reach more than three inches above the soil. It would be a good variety for pot-culture, owing to its earliness, and planted in a rock-garden it could be brought more on a level with the eye. This variety is of Spanish origin, and flowers freely. King Umberto is distinct from all others in having a deep yellow stripe down the centre of a paler yellow perianth; the trumpet is large; it is a desirable variety, though of no use for cut flowers. Golden Plover, General Gordon and Emperor may be called secondarly varieties, as they flowered about May Ist. It is curious to note how differently plants behave in this climate from that in which they were grown for sale. N. bicolor praecox came first, but in regular order, but N. muticus, which was expected to be the last, was a very close second, and was in full bloom with the earliest kinds.
It was intended to have a nice lot of very late-flowering bicolors, and one hundred bulbs were planted. Our compensation lies in the fact that no two of the flowers were alike; some of the perianths were twisted, some were not, and the length-of the rich yellow trumpet varied a good deal. All were alike in being cylindrical and cut off abruptly at the end. In this variety the flowers developed somewhat before the foliage, but next season they may behave differently. It is a very interesting kind to grow both on account of the shape and variability. The N. Johnstoni varieties are high-priced, and will probably never become popular even if cheap. Mr. Johnston once sent us a small importation direct of what he called N. Johnstoni. There are now several varieties of this type, and the kinds vary in themselves almost as much as between one another. Mr. Johnston stated that the bulbs should be protected from frost, but they are quite hardy, and do well in the open ground. It is scarcely necessary, in this connection, to say much regarding Emperor, the finest yellow Trumpet kind we have. Our spring season has been one of exceptional dryness, there having been only one slight shower during six weeks. The flowers have consequently lacked substance, and in some cases the coloring was deficient, more especially in the Leedsi and Barri sections, where the cups are stained with orange in the normal coloring. South Lancaster MA, O. 22 June 1892
Hardy Plant Notes
The hardy perennial borders are now in their best condition, since the season, though late, has been favorable for all plants of this description, and none have been injured by late frosts, as is often the case. The Oriental Poppies are now in their glory, and force all other flowers in the background with their strong color. The true Papaver bracteatum, though considered a form of P. orientale, is by far the best Poppy grown as to color. Carefully selected seeds of P. bracteatum will not come true, but will revert to the common P. orientale, so that it is necessary to propagate it from rootcuttings. Pieces of root an inch long are a suitable size. If taken when the plants die down soon after midsummer, these should be dibbled into sand to start them and may be planted out in fall or wintered over in a cold frame, and they should flower the next season. A variety obtained in seed as P. bracteatum praecox is no earlier and differs in no way from the common P. orientale, though we had hoped better of it. The variety sent out some time ago as P. Parkmanni does not seem to be any different from an ordinary Oriental Poppy, though distributed at a high price and with a great flourish. It is well to remark that Oriental Poppies vary more than is supposed from seed, and it is difficult to find any two that are exactly alike, both in color and in the markings at the base of the petals.
Lindelofia spectabilis praecox, we are told, is often sold in Europe for Mertensia Virginica, our beautiful native Lungwort, though it is difficult to understand why, as the plant has nothing in common with Mertensia except that it belongs to the same order, Boraginaceae. The Lindelofia is perfectly hardy, though a native of Kashmir, and bears a quantity of bright blue flowers for several weeks at this season. Seeds are very slow to germinate, often taking several months, and they always come unevenly. This is a monotypic genus, and the flowers of L. spectabilis are said to be purple-red, a very different combination from that of our plants, which are of a real Gentian blue. Flowers of a different color, even on the same stem, are common in this family, as in the Borage, Mertensia, and in a plant now in bloom called Caccinia strigosa. This plant is a native of Afghanistan, and has wintered out safely; its chief beauty, however, lies in its foliage, which is of a decided glaucous or grayish color, and at once arrests attention in a border of mixed plants. In this plant different flowers are both pink and blue at the same time. Our plant is not strong, but in time may improve and gain vigor, since it is now flowering for the first time from seed.
Iris Troyana belongs to the rhizomatous section of Iris, with such varieties as the German Iris, and is quite distinct in color from most of these, though of the same habit and time of flowering. I cannot find any account of the species published, and am at a loss to know more of the plant, as it is hardy, and is in bloom in eighteen months from seed, quite an unusual occurrence for an Iris.
I wrote of Lathyrus tuberosus last year as a very pretty hardy tuberous-rooted Pea, all of which is true, and it is equally true that this Pea, like Apios tuberosa, has the remarkable ability for coming up in all places but the one in which it is planted. Though the plant is exceedingly pretty when in bloom, it is not fit for a flower-border, as it spreads too rapidly and takes hold of other plants and chokes out. But if planted where it could be left to its own way of growing, as in a wild-garden, it would be a thing of beauty many weeks.
Adlumia cirrhosa, or Climbing Fumitory, is a graceful twining plant in the second year of its growing, with small inconspicuous flowers of very little value, but we find the plant of much use when raised in spring and planted out where it will quickly form a dense mass of most elegantly cut leaves, which makes a good substitute for Maiden Hair Fern with cut flowers, and lasts much longer. We used these leaves all last summer, and saved the Fern for winter use. The second year the Adlumia loses all its tufted habit and throws up tall'stems that need support, as it is a true climber. Unlike most of this family, the Adlumia is readily obtained from seed sown early in spring. Another of the Fumitory family recently noted in these pages is Corydalis nobilis, a truly noble border-plant when well grown, but very seldom seen in gardens. It needs to be left alone when once planted, as the roots have the appearance of being half-decayed. These are easily obtained in fall from Holland with the Dutch bulbs. C. nobilis is the finest of the genus, and well deserves to be much better known. South Lancaster MA, E. O. Orpet. 6 July 1892
Actinidia polygama
When visiting the Amherst Agricultural College recently, Professor Brooks pointed out two fine specimens of the true Actinidia polygama growing on his dwelling-house, which he brought home with him on his return from Japan after a twelve years' sojourn there. It appears that the species of Actinidia now in commerce, and called A. polygama, is A. arguta, a very different plant from the one here noted. A. arguta is a rampant grower, and when used on a dwelling house soon shuts out all sunlight from the piazza, and then gets on the roof and displaces the eave-troughs in a way which renders continual cutting necessary to keep it within reasonable limit. When this plant was introduced into this country it was said that cats were very partial to A. polygama in Japan, but the American cat was found to be sublimely indifferent to A. arguta. The true species, however, Professor Brooks has found it necessary to protect about the base with wire guards, for, in his words, it out-Catnips Catnip as an attraction for these animals. This may be a peculiar way of verifying a species, but the evidence certainly seems admissible and to the point.
In appearance the plants have nothing in common. A. arguta is a vigorous grower, with heart-shaped foliage of a deep olive-green, and flowers that are polygamous, a feature which, perhaps, first caused the mistake in nomenclature. The plants of A. polygama, which Professor Brooks has, are not rampant, but vigorous enough for any decorative purpose where a twining plant is required, the principal beauty being in the foliage, which is for the most part of a beautiful peagreen, while about' one-third of the foliage is suffused (not variegated) with an indescribable silvery lustre, often covering the whole leaf, but sometimes only a part of it, and beginning always at its base. When I first saw the plants with the sun shining on them and glistening in the light, I was compelled to ask if this was caused by the sunshine, but was soon shown that the color was permanent. Were the whole of the foliage silvered in this way the effect probably would not be half as beautiful.
The flowers of A. polygama are about the size and color of an Orange-blossom, but with a sweet perfume peculiarly their own. It is much to be regretted that the nomenclature of Japanese plants gets so badly mixed up, as years will pass before the names of the Actinidia can be trusted as correct in catalogues. The plants of Professor Brooks are certainly of great ornamental value.
Among other things brought over by the Professor are a fine young specimen of the Japanese Lacquer-tree (Rhus vernicifera) and many beautiful varieties of Japanese Maples, especially the cut-leaved kinds. Some very dwarf forms of Retinosporas were here also - peculiar reminders of a peculiar country. South Lancaster MA, E. O. Orpet. 20 July 1892
Perennial Larkspurs
After a long waiting and vexatious experiences with seed, Delphinium Zalil is now in flower in the garden, where it was planted in the spring of last year. This novelty is one of Dr. Aitchison's discoveries in Afghanistan, and when first described as a lemon-yellow Larkspur hardy-plant lovers were all asking for it, but as it was distributed by means of seeds, and these germinate only when fresh-gathered, many were the disappointments. Our own plants are from fresh seeds kindly sent me by Herr Max Leichtlin in the fall of 1890. These germinated readily, and were wintered over in the greenhouse and set out in spring, where they grew freely for a time, and then disappeared to come up vigorously again and flower this year. I mention this as a recognized authority has described D. Zalil as an annual, which it certainly is not, neither could it be called a biennial, for, supposing that the plant completes its existence after flowering, of which I am not sure, even then it takes more than two seasons' growth to get it strong enough to flower. D. Zalil belongs to a section of Delphiniums which has many representatives in the United States - namely, those that spring from a fleshy root-stock and die down as soon as seed is matured to spring up again the following year. These are not well known in gardens, though some are well worthy of cultivation, such as D. tricorne, which is widely distributed through the southern and western states. D. azureum is another species of which the same may be said. The specific name of D. Zalil is the native name. Since a yellow die is extracted from the roots in Afghanistan, another name, D. sulphureum, was given the plant when first distributed, but D. Zalil has priority, though the synonym describes the color accurately. With us the plants are three feet high, with much-branched flowerstems, while the flowers resemble those of D. cardinale and D. nudicaule in shape. The habit of the plant is slender and the foliage very finely divided; more so than in any other known species. As a garden plant D. Zalil is insignificant compared with the beautiful double forms of the garden Larkspur, and would be passed by without remark by many, still it is of much interest to those who love for other aualities than mere showiness.
While on the subject of Delphiniums, has any reader had experience with the Larkspur disease, or smut? It attacks the flower-spikes and completely blackens them, in some cases crippling the unopened flowers so that they never develop at all. It is getting to be a question here whether we can have Larkspurs or not. Two years ago there were infected plants in the garden that were purchased, and in this way the disease was introduced. These were all destroyed, and a new lot raised from seed, and this year it is apparent in many plants again, and my experience teaches that next year Larkspurs will be a complete failure here. The old reliable, D. formosum, is as liable to it as any others of garden origin. This smut has much the same effect as that which attacks the Corn, and is probably an allied species. Certainly the disease should be investigated by some mycologist. D. Cashmirianum is a species that is perfectly hardy and distinct from all others. It has dense panicles of large flowers, but the color is not a pleasing one, being a dull purplish blue. It is not very desirable as a garden plant except as a single specimen. A short time ago a so-called white form was distributed, and this proves to be of a decided greenish white, and even less attractive than the typical plant.
Too much cannot be said for the Larkspurs of garden origin, especially the double varieties, and it is worth repeating, now that they are in flower, that if the double varieties are marked when in bloom, and seed saved from them, this will produce fully seventy-five per cent of double-flowered plants. Named varieties are very short-lived, as hardy-plant dealers know, and have to be reimported often from Europe, as they cannot be raised true from seed, and, indeed, seed is but sparingly produced from double flowers, but the seedlings are usually strong enough and able to withstand the climate here where the parents fail. Larkspurs are gross feeders, and need a rich soil that never dries out, and therefore the heavier the soil the better. In a damp position they will grow six to eight feet high, with long spikes of flowers, which may be cut as soon as they fade, and another crop of flowers will come on later. Seedlings flower the first year, but do not attain full strength until the second season.
A word should, perhaps, be added with regard to D. Przewalskyanum, now in flower for the first time here. It was sent out a year ago, and grew vigorously last summer and wintered out well, and is now about four feet high, with spikes of pale creamy white flowers that are small, and in no way attractive from a garden point of view. The foliage is ornamental, being prettily cut, of a deep green, spotted with a paler green. It is of Asiatic origin, and, like a species from Yunnan grown last year, without name, is rather disappointing. South Lancaster MA, E. O. Orpet.
[We have received specimens of the diseased Delphiniums, and the trouble seems to come from a mite and not from a fungus. Professor Halsted thinks that if the affected plants are wet with cold water the increase of the mite will be checked.-ED.] 10 August 1892
Hardy Narcissus
The time is at hand when Narcissus bulbs may be transplanted with safety, and often with benefit. The individuals in old-established clumps of these plants are often so cramped for space that only the outside bulbs flower at all, and often when these are lifted and replanted no flowers are produced the next season for the reason that there had not been room enough for the proper development of the flower-buds in the bulb. Some persons have therefore concluded that their bulbs came of poor stock or had deteriorated, but a season of good growth will usually put them in a condition to flower profusely. Any one who wishes to move bulbs of the Poet's Narcissus, whether of the type N. Poeticus, or any of its varieties, should do so as soon as the foliage begins to turn yellow, and not wait, as is best with other kinds, until the leaves have died off completely. The reason for this is simple, and it is important that it should be understood; the fact is, that this Narcissus is never completely at rest, for new roots are produced before the old ones have decayed, and several weeks before the leaves have died down completely. Our bulbs of N. Poeticus and its varieties are lifted already, and in a cool airy place, where they are rapidly drying off, when they will be replanted in another situation among grass. The flowers of this section are not desirable for room-decoration in a cut state, owing to their powerful fragrance; consequently they are removed from the border and placed where they will require less attention, and also to make room for the other kinds, most of which have increased threefold in two years from planting. When planting Narcissus I find it is a great advantage to place at least a handful of coarse sand under the bulb; the difference between bulbs so planted and others planted in the ordinary way is very strongly marked when lifting-time comes. Those planted with sand have not a trace of decay at the base, while others do show symptoms of this dread disease, though there appear no actual losses therefrom, although I was rather apprehensive of danger before taking up the bulbs in our collection of over seventy kinds. When we consider how great are the ravages of this disease in Europe, this is a matter for congratulation, but past experience has led me to the conclusion that the long dry periods we experience during the resting-season of Narcissus is a safeguard against attacks of basal-rot, and that the bulbs will remain perfectly sound if no disturbing element in the shape of decomposing fertilizers be admitted to contact with the bulbs when planted. If the texture of the soil be correct - that is, of a porous nature - then fertilizers can be applied as a top-dressing in fall, when rootaction commences, and the rains will wash it down to the roots. August is the best time to obtain bulbs when new plantings are to be made. Narcissus should be in the ground and making roots about the usual time of purchasing them - that is, when the Dutch bulbs arrive here. There is no reason why we should not obtain Narcissus as early as we do Roman Hyacinths or Lilium Harrisii, and dealers would be quick to respond to inquiries for Narcissus were they made at an earlier date than is the custom, and to the purchaser the results would be far better than when planting is delayed until October, for all root-growth is suspended in November on account of frost, before the bulbs have got fairly to work. If late planting must be done, a covering of dry leaves may be put over the beds, and these will keep out any but the most severe frosts almost to the end of the year in ordinary seasons, but this covering must be removed as soon as frost and snow will permit in spring, so that all growth above ground may have light and air. The question may be asked, is it necessary to keep the bulbs out of the soil for any length of time when lifting in summer, as is the custom with English growers at their annual lifting? It will bear repetition, that there is no need of lifting Narcissus annually here, but only for the sake of division. The bulbs, after drying gradually for a few days, may be cleaned of old roots and foliage, separated with care, and replanted at once, since the soil here is warm and usually dry in August, and is, therefore, a better place for storage than we could give them above ground at this season. South Lancaster MA, E. O. Orpet. 24 August 1892
Francoa ramosa
The Francoas are natives of Chili and belong to the Saxifrage family. There are but three species, and all are perennial but not hardy here, though they might be successfully cultivated in the more favored sections of the eastern states as they are in some parts of England and Ireland, where they are grown as border-perennials. These introductory remarks are necessary, as I know of no firm in this country that offer either seeds or plants of any of the species. Our seeds were obtained from Mr. W. Thompson, Ipswich, England. The popular name given to the plant in question is Bridal-wreath, owing to the long-branching sprays studded with pure white flowers, and it is surprising that florists have not taken the plant in hand, for it would be invaluable for summer cutting, either for indoor use in vases or for any other purpose for which cut flowers are desired. Francoas are best grown from seeds which germinate readily, and the plants may be potted off separately and grown on to seven or eight inch pots, as they may require. The treatment given Calceolarias and Cinerarias would suit them well for the winter months. During the following summer the plants will bloom freely, producing as many as twelve sprays to a plant in a vigorous specimen, each spray being about three feet long and flowering for two-thirds of the length. For grouping among other plants, either in the open ground or in the conservatory, nothing can be more admirable than Francoa ramosa, the flowers of which are pure white. F. appendiculata is another species with flowers that have a tinge of red with the white. The sprays are not so erect as in F. ramosa, but spread more freely and produce a very pretty effect when blended with other plants.
The only other species is F. sonchifolia, with which I am not acquainted, but it is said to be equally good, resembling F. appendiculata in the color of the flowers.
The season of flowering has lasted over two months with us, and this is a good time to make cuttings of the offsets from the old plant, many of which can be procured with roots. They may be treated as young seedling plants in every particular, and should flower next summer. Seeds are also produced freely here and may be sown as soon as gathered. As they are small, they may be treated in the same way as the seeds of the Calceolaria.
Melianthus major
I see Mr. Gerard notes the beauty of Melianthus major as an ornamental foliage-plant. Too much cannot be said in its favor for this purpose. A word should be added as to the way to obtain or propagate the Melianthus. Only those who have tried cuttings know how difficult they are to root. It is rare, indeed, for any one to succeed in raising them in this way. I find that the seeds germinate as readily as those of the Castor-oil-plant, and make fine young bushy plants for use the same season. Our seeds were procured from the same source as the Francoas, and produced a nice batch of plants, one of which was left out last winter in a Rhododendron-bed and carefully protected with leaves, but it died.
In Ireland the Melianthus is perfectly hardy, and it probably would be equally so in many parts of the United States. It would pay some one in the south to cultivate the plant for the production of seeds, as with the Grevillea robusta. There would be a ready sale for the seeds when the plant became better known for use among summer decorative planting. Old roots lived over with us in the cold frame last winter after being lifted and cut back, and are now in the open border. With regard to Grevillea robusta a reliable English firm states that "seedlings are easily raised by those who can exercise patience, but we do not know any seed - not even the Auricula which is so long and so capricious in germinating." They probably have to depend on seed from New South Wales, while seeds obtained here from trees growing in Florida germinate as freely as Radishes. Seeds that are imported from the antipodes are difficult to manage, and rarely germinate well, if at all. We have tried many kinds, but with indifferent success. South Lancaster MA, E. O. Orpet. 21 September 1892
Kaempfer's Iris
This Iris is more correctly called Iris laevigata, but is better known as I. Kempferi in gardens of today. These plants seem, in common with many other gems from Japan, specially adapted to American gardens. They like the sun, cold does not hurt them, and their only enemy is the rose-bug, which infests the plant during the blossoming-season. It is surprising that these Irises are not more common in gardens, since failure is possible only when the roots have not been supplied with sufficient moisture, and, indeed, they may be grown successfully as sub-aquatic plants, for if covered with ice through the winter they come out in the spring all the stronger for their stern discipline. They like best mud or a rich black soil, though they can be made to grow in the poorest soil if plentifully supplied with moisture through the summer months. They are at their best in July. There are no flowers in the hardy flower-garden through the whole season which surpass them in beauty, and it is probably to this fact that they owe their popular name of Poor Man's Orchids. The best time to plant the Japan Irises is in the fall. When the foliage begins to turn yellow they may be divided and reset. Care must be taken to give them rich soil, as they are permanent plants, and need lifting only when the clumps get too large and are starved by remaining too long in one place. The best way to divide them is to lift carefully, and use the spading-fork to separate, not cut, the plants asunder. Treated in this way they will grow stronger and flower more freely the next season. These Irises may also be planted safely in spring if grown in one's own garden, and needing transference only from one position to another; but when the plants are obtained from a distance, it is safest to procure them in the fall, as they start to grow early in the spring, and one locality varies much from another, both in the time when plants are in active growth and the time when it is possible to plant them elsewhere. Both to those who have already a collection of Japan Irises, and to those who have none, the question of what sorts to plant is of great interest, for when they were introduced to the United States and Europe, varieties were, of course, named in each country, according to the fancy of the possessor, so that we can buy sets from different dealers and stand a good chance of getting duplicates though a different name be attached. In order to avoid this it is best to make a selection at flowering-time, as growers of hardy plants are usually glad to send cut flowers of different varieties for selection. In making a collection it is best to avoid the plants which produce flowers of large diameter, as the petals of such flowers lack substance. Preference should be given to plants producing flowers of good substance or the double-flowered varieties, the blossoms of which last are beautiful and durable when cut. When buying from a catalogue the mixed varieties must be avoided. It is better far to pay the price and get good ones to start with, and then by careful selection and seed-saving to raise seedlings at home, which will flower when two years old if the seed be sown in boxes when ripe, brought on in the greenhouse in spring, transplanted when large enough indoors, and later in the open ground. Plants thus treated will all flower, and the poorest of them will be better than low-priced kinds. Indeed, I have raised as good double varieties from seed as could be found among forty sorts imported from Japan. As with many other plants, the more highly developed the flowers the less of seed we get, and the double varieties of Iris produce seed sparingly. The seed should be gathered when ripe and taken out of the capsule and cleaned, as there is a small worm that finds these seeds a comfortable place for winter quarters, feeding upon their substance as the days shorten.
The poor varieties weeded out from a lot of seedlings should not be thrown away, as they are admirably adapted for naturalizing in waste places where the soil is moist. In such positions the Japan Iris will hold its own against all other plants or weeds, and will flower year after year and reproduce itself from seed. Another point worthy of remark is, that when transplanting in the fall we should resist the temptation to cut off the foliage. The mature grass-like leaves are a great protection to the dormant buds below, and where appearances are not studied too closely the foliage should remain on the plants all winter, more especially if they have been moved, and the same remark applies to many other plants, such as Eulalias, Arundo donax and all Lilies. South Lancaster MA, E. O. Orpet. 28 September 1892
Hardy Lilies
The list of Lilies that may be called perfectly hardy is a fairly large one, even after eliminating those that may possibly flower once and then disappear. Among these latter class are many very beautiful varieties, including several northwestern American species, such as Lilium parvum, L. rubescens and L. maritimum, three species with small bulbs and of dwarf habit which dwindle away under cultivation, even though most tenderly cared for. L. Columbianum, L. Humboldtii and L. Washingtonianum are tall-growing kinds in their native Sierras, and the two last-named produce immense bulbs which often lie dormant a whole year only to put forth a feeble stem that rarely flowers here in the eastern states. Deep planting has been recommended for these Californian Lilies, but it does not make them thrive; indeed, it is necessary to plant them at least twelve inches deep to prevent their premature appearance above the ground where they are cut off by late frosts in spring. Evidently there are some necessary conditions which we do not comprehend or cannot give, to make such lovely plants at home here. For the amateur, therefore, it is safe advice to plant very few of the six kinds named above. Of other Lilies that I have hitherto failed to keep, L. tenuifolium, a Siberian species, flowers once and then dies, though it is the easiest of all Lilies to raise from seed, but L. ponponium is so much superior to it in every way that it need not be further considered. L. Pyrenaicum, which should be perfectly hardy here, has always failed with me, the bulbs decaying at their base and eventually disappearing, but at its best L. Pyrenaicum would be an undesirable kind to many on account of its heavy odor. L. Martagon, the typical Turkscap Lily, with its white variety and the so-called black variety, Dalmaticum, are sometimes grown successfully in the United States, though I have never managed to keep them. It is said that they prefer a poor, stony soil. If they could be grown, the three kinds of L. Martagon would form an interesting group, and they flower early in the year. It is dismal work to have to record so many impossibilities, but it must be remembered that I am simply recording my own experience. Other persons may succeed with them, but it would be safe advice to novices to make trials of other kinds in preference at the outset. It is with a sigh that I include L. Szovitsianum with the foregoing, for, to my mind, it is the most beautiful of all Lilies, though not the most gorgeous, but the beautiful canaryyellow flowers with their deep red base never greeted my eyes but once. Their beauty is not forgotten, nor can I forget that out of a dozen bulbs but one flowered, and that was the first year after planting. The next year no bulbs were there to flower.
And now, as we consider the kinds that may be planted with hope, it must be remembered at the beginning that it is difficult to state just when they flower, because, in every locality the time would vary. L. Hansoni with me has always flowered first, and it is a beautiful Lily; the petals are thick, almost leather-like in texture, bright orange-yellow, with red spots; the plant is vigorous and free-blooming. L. pomponium, as stated before, should be in every garden, instead of L. tenuifolium, because its flowers are of the same bright orange-red, and there are many on a stem varying in number with vigor of the plant. The flowers appear early, too, and are pleasantly fragrant. L. croceum is the old-fashioned orange Lily, and is a good kind to plant where a permanent group is wanted. It is usually about three feet high when in bloom with umbels of erect orange-red flowers. L. elegans is similar in habit but not so tall when fully developed; the flowers are similar in color hut vary in different varieties, of which there are many in catalogues, but the mixed bulbs, as grown by the Dutch, give a pleasing range of color and are exceedingly cheap - in Holland. It should be stated that L. elegans is often grown under the name of L. Thunbergianum, but L. elegans is the older name. The dwarf habit of this species makes it valuable for margins of Lily-beds or borders where shrubs are planted. All are familiar with L. candidum, the Madonna Lily; it is perfectly hardy, but we grow it in pots, the same bulbs year after year, for piazza decoration in summer, and the bulbs improve in size. They are rested after flowering and repotted in July, just before growth commences, for in fall this species has green leaves all winter. L. Harrisii, the Easter Lily, and L. longiflorum are both hardy in sheltered situations with a covering of leaves in winter. The tendency with these two kinds is to start to grow the first year in fall, but after a year or two they forget all about it and come on naturally in spring. Tiger Lilies are well known as hardy, but the older variety should only be grown to complete a collection, as the kind known as L. tigrinum splendens is so much superior to it. The double variety is good for its durability when in bloom, though many do not admire the double flowers. L. excelsum of catalogues, more correctly L. testaceum, has flowers of a different color from that of any other Lily. This is a light brown or buff, and it is very distinct and ornamental. This Lily should always be planted in a collection, though it sometimes deteriorates in rich soil. In habit the plant resembles L. candidum. L.Chalcedonicum, the scarlet Turk's-cap Lily, is a native of Greece and is somewhat tender, but in favored localities it should succeed and produce its bright scarlet flowers freely enough.
Of the Japan Lilies, L. auratumn is, perhaps, the best known, and little needs to be said of it except that I never knew any one to grow the same bulbs long in such health and strength as we receive them in from Japan. The bulbs are cheap, however, and are sure to pay for themselves the first year after planting. There are many varieties of L. speciosum (often called L. lancifolium), but the best kind is that known as Rubrum, which we get from Japan direct, the Dutch variety being much inferior to it in color, and may be considered as being the typical L. speciosum. Of white-flowered forms, Album praicox is the best, because it always flowers early. The old white kind flowers later, and is sometimes killed by frost while in bud. This section of the Lily family includes varieties among the handsomest of the genus. They are perfectly hardy, increase under cultivation, and are indispensable to the hardy-flower garden. There are other varieties of L. speciosum which are but slight variations from the two named, which are the best of the section. L. Batemannae should be named in connection with L. tigrinum, which it resembles closely, except that the flowers are not spotted, but are of a clear apricot color, and desirable for that reason. The dwarf L. Wallacei has also flowers of a similar color, but does not exceed eighteen inches in height. By some it is considered but a variety of L. elegans. The bulbs are always small, but they usually flower freely and increase rapidly. L. Browni is a rare variety, with flowers similar in shape to L. Harrisii, but larger, white inside, and purplish brown outside the petals. It is exceedingly fragrant, hardy, but rather expensive, but when once planted in suitable soil does not die out. L. Krameri is a species possessing a refined beauty peculiar to itself, the flowers being of a delicate rosy pink, and borne usually one on a slender stalk. This kind requires careful nursing to induce it to do well, but it is possible to grow and flower it in sheltered positions. Lilium pardalinum is the only native western Lily that will thrive in the east, but it grows so cheerfully and luxuriantly that it really seems to be making an honest effort to atone for the bad behavior of its companions of the Sierra Nevada. With us it is as free as L. superbum, which it resembles strongly, although it flowers earlier. All of the species found in the eastern states, L. Canadense and its varieties, Rubrun and Flavum, L. superbum and L. Philadelphicum thrive well when planted in the garden, but the last-named should be planted in a dry soil not more than three inches deep. When planted the usual depth L. Philadelphicum will surely perish. Of the noble Himalayan L. giganteum, I cannot record any success, and have never seen it in bloom, but Mr. Ellwanger's experience with it, as recorded in GARDEN AND FOREST, ought to encourage others, now that we know it can be grown. The bulbs are very large, and often remain dormant a year after planting, but should start to grow the second year, although with me they did not. Of another East Indian Lily, L. Wallichianum superbum, usually considered tender, it is worthy of remark that last June, in Mr. Hunnewell's gardens at Wellesley, I saw a clump that had been outdoors in the open ground all winter, and the growth was vigorous, and promised well for bloom. If Wallich's Lily proves hardy it will be a'great addition to the Lily-border, for, under pot-culture, it usually languishes. This and its first cost has had much to with its rarity in gardens.
Lilies generally do not require a rich soil, in the usual acceptation of the phrase, but a soil rich in decayed vegetable matter is eminently suitable. Hence a compost of good loam and decayed leaf mould made porous is what is desired. There are some kinds such as L. tigrinum, L. speciosum, L. candidum and L. Harrisii, that like manure both in the soil and in the water given, but these are the most vigorous of all Lilies, and the same would not suit any of the more delicate species. The depth to plant Lilies should vary with the size of the matured bulbs. All the larger kinds may be planted the depth of the spade, about nine or ten inches, bearing in mind that the roots that do the most of the work are produced up the stalk between the bulb and surface of the sod, and if the bulb rests on the subsoil it does not matter, so long as the top soil is right. When manure is applied to the soil the bulbs should first be covered with soil free from it, or decay may be brought on by contact. The richer soil should be used for the stemroots to feed upon. The ideal position for a Lily-bed is among Rhododendrons. Where these will thrive the Lilies will, the taller kinds being used to come up through them, and the dwarfer ones near the margin of the beds. The leaves used to mulch the Rhododendrons in winter are a fine protection for the Lily-bulbs, and afford when decayed all the needful fertilizer, while the shrubs shade the surface of the soil and keep it cool and moist in summer, which is a great advantage. A bare surface soil, which radiates heat in hot weather, turns many of the leaves of Lilies yellow, and causes premature ripening of the stems.
In common with all other cultivated plants, the Lily has a disease of its own. Some collections, to my knowledge, have been completely exterminated by its ravages. It attacked our Lilies this season. It remains to be seen what the results will be next year. Rusty yellow patches on the stems and leaves tell of the work going on, and soon the stalk dies off, and the bulb is weakened for next year. I have had no opportunity for comparison, but the symptoms are unmistakable. Apart from this disease, there is no reason why we do not see more Lilies grown in gardens. Enough are forced in one year for Easter to plant bulbs in every garden in the United States, and yet how seldom do we see this family represented, except, perhaps, by a clump of Tiger-lilies that have been undisturbed for a generation, and yet live to flower and plead for attention and encouragement. South Lancaster MA, E O. Orpet. 16 November 1892
Dendrobium formosum giganteum
This Dendrobium has long been known both to science and cultivators as the finest of that section of the genus to which it belongs - namely, the Nigrohirsute, or those whose stems are clothed with short dark hairs, as in D. Jamesianum and D. infundibulum. Although D. formosum has been known to gardens for over fifty years, its cultivation in Europe does not seem hitherto to have been very successful. It is widely distributed through India and Burma, and is never found at any great altitude, but usually on the plains, where high temperatures are the rule both in winter and summer, with rain in some districts eleven months in the year. From these few facts, made known by those who had seen the plants growing, it has been hitherto thought necessary to grow D. formosum in the hottest house the year round, and we may add that it is fortunate that the plant is plentiful in India, otherwise we should not be able to procure it at such a low rate as we can at present. All plants need a season of rest, and, even though they come from the hottest regions of the globe, nature has provided for this period of rest in various ways. In Veitch's Manual we are told that "the plants are sometimes exposed to a temperature of 110 degrees, Fahrenheit, in the shade, when the stems are much reduced in size by the heat." During the growing season we keep the plants suspended in the house where Calanthes are grown, which is now kept at seventy degrees at night, and our plants have done remarkably well this season; the old bulbs made in their native woods are in some cases surpassed in size by those made this year, and they are now commencing to flower freely. After the flowering season the plants will be wintered in a temperature of fifty degrees at night in a cooler house, until signs of growth are apparent next March or April, when all the heat and moisture available will be given and maintained until the flowering season is passed. Under this treatment Mr. George MacWilliam, of Whitinsville, Massachusetts, has grown and exhibited in Boston, perhaps, the finest D. formosum ever seen in cultivation, and this fact appears to be due to the long rest given in the cooler temperature. D. formosum is an exceedingly ornamental plant when in bloom, as the foliage of the past and present year is often retained on the plants as a set-off to the large pure white flowers, which are sometimes four inches in diameter, the lip having a conspicuous yellow blotch, varying in some plants from bright orange to pale lemon-yellow. The flowers are very durable, lasting several weeks in perfection. As the plants seem to grow best when suspended from the roof of the house, basket-culture or perforated pans seems the best treatment for them, as the roots like to ramble, and seem to resent confinement in pots. I have seen it stated that wood-lice do not feed on living roots of Orchids, being content to live on decayed portions, but I am satisfied that they are very partial to the roots of this Dendrobium, and for this reason the plants are often plunged in water a few minutes to drive out the wood-lice, when they are easily caught. It should be stated that this species flowers with the completion of growth, hence the rest is given after the flowering period, while in the majority of Dendrobiums the resting season precedes the flowering time. The statement of some eminent authorities that horticulture is necessarily an empirical art, seems to be supported by the fact that it takes a temperature of 110 degrees to rest this plant in Burma, while we can accomplish the same result by reducing the temperature twenty degrees from normal, while we could not imitate the conditions noted under which the plant grew at home. South Lancaster MA, O. 16 November 1892
Potting Soils
Here in New England, as in most eastern states, it is highly important that a supply of potting material be laid in under cover for the winter's use, and there is no better time to see that the main supply is sufficient to last until after midsummer next. Rose-growers and others are beginning to appreciate the importance of laying in a stock of loam suited to their purpose, and placing it where it can be thoroughly well frozen during winter. I am puzzled to know which are the worst foes of the gardener and florist - those of fungoid origin or insects and true worms after their kind. Of this animal class I feel sure we should have less to dread if our soils were carefully laid in when convenient, and not stacked up in heaps to exclude frost. If its kindly influence were rather invited and allowed to penetrate every inch of the soil, we should hear less of root-gall and eel-worms on Violets, Roses, Carnations, Cyclamens and other plants. Where it is not possible to freeze soil, and insect foes are prevalent, the other extreme must be adopted, and a system of heating the soil should be adopted. There is nothing new in heating the soil to kill insects in the egg and in other stages of growth. I well remember when a boy seeing my father bake his leaf-mold before he dared to use it for choice plants and Ferns. Our most careful attention should be given that the loam is of a good texture; we can make it as rich as we please afterward. Above all, we should see to it that we are not driven to scrape around to get enough soil together at the last moment for our needs. Here is where the trouble begins, which develops and spreads with such fatal effects later on. While I do not advocate storing soil for any length of time before using - six months is long enough - it is a great gain to have all the vegetable matter thoroughly well decomposed before handling it, for in this way much labor will be saved which would otherwise be needed in future weeding.
It was once considered necessary to the successful growth of the commonest plants, as the Carnation or Auricula, to have a great number of ingredients in the soil and in the most exact proportions. Much of this care in compounding soils has passed away with the old-school gardeners who practiced it. We can grow just as good Azaleas today in loam and leafmold as were ever grown in peat. Ericas and Boronias also thrive in a like compost if made porous. Good well-decayed leaf-soil is invaluable to the gardener, and great care should be taken when storing the leaves to throw out the sticks or branches, for these encourage fungus-growths. Where Pinetrees are common it is well, also, to avoid mixing in the pineneedles; the resin they contain prevents rapid decay, and is in itself injurious. The use of sand in potting composts is not so generally appreciated as it deserves to be. The value of silica in soils as plant-food is small, though appreciable, when compared with its value in rendering available all other plant-foods contained in the compost. If a soil becomes sour it is at once poisonous to plant roots, but given a liberal addition of coarse sand the most adhesive soil may be made fertile by its more perfect aeration. The water will pass through readily, and the air take its place until again replaced by water, and thus a perfect system of sanitation is maintained. The quantity of sand necessary must be determined by the texture of the loam.
Where Orchids are grown Fern-root is an essential for the winter's work. The large tufts of Osmunda, common in pastures, produce the best medium known today for the successful culture of Epiphytes. The tufts should be grubbed up from above the surface level and stored for winter, when it may be prepared at odd times by separating the rhizomes of the Fern from the fibrous roots. It is well, also, to keep the brown fibre separate from the coarser, because older, black portions which underlie the Ferns as they grow upward. Osmundas grow in wet, swampy soil as well as in drier uplands. The fibre is best when obtained from the latter source. This so-called peat is now largely exported to England for Orchid culture there.
Sphagnum-moss is also an essential in most establishments, and to have it in a condition to start growing freely when used it should be gathered as late in the season as possible and stored where it will freeze. It can then be thawed out, cleaned and used at any time; it is a great mistake to be without it, as it cannot be procured here until April, when a great portion of the work is done for which it is required. Sphagnum needs a rest, like everything else that grows, and, if gathered late, it has already gone to rest and can be stored without injury if moist enough to freeze. South Lancaster MA, O. O. 23 November 1892
The Cultivation of Cattleyas
Looking backward forty years, in the garden literature of that period, nothing is more striking, when we compare them with the periodicals of today, than the absence of Orchid notes. Collections of these plants were unknown outside of a few botanical gardens, and their cultivation was so little understood that the plants rarely lived long. Now that we adopt a more rational system, the majority of plants can be made happy for a number of years, if not an indefinite period; for, while it is possible to grow Cypripediums for all time if their wants are supplied, the same is not true of some other genera and species, and cultivators well know how difficult it is to maintain in vigorous health some of the Cattleyas, Dendrobiums, Phalaenopsis and others. Rapid communication with the tropics has made the importation of Orchids much easier than ever before, and it is now possible to purchase, at a low price, within the reach of all, fresh imported plants that, with ordinary care, will start to grow at once, and should flower within the first year of their growth here. We have an admirable climate for the culture of Orchids in America, with a most suitable material at hand to grow them in, that is, the fibrous roots of the ubiquitous Osmunda. The season of importing Orchids is now here, and a few remarks on treating Cattleyas may be useful to those who may wish to grow a few of the more popular kinds, such as C. Trianae, C. Percivalliana and C. Mossiae. All Cattleyas are kept dormant during transit here by lack of moisture, and the consequence is that directly the plants are received and placed in a genial atmosphere of 60 to 65 degrees, with moisture supplied by syringing once a day, they will commence to put forth roots in a very few days, and it is well to anticipate this by potting them as soon as ever they show signs of growth, using pots half-filled with crocks, Just large enough to contain the bulbs, and the new ones that are about to be made the coming year. If all goes well, the pots will be full of roots in a year and need more root-room, and this is preferable to the use of pots too large at the outset, for the plants will never thrive if over-potted, or if a quantity of organic matter be placed about the roots. Good Fern-root, combined with a little sphagnum, is the best material to use in potting. The sphagnum is not necessary to the plant's well-doing, but is an excellent index to the condition of the plant as to moisture and a reminder when to apply it. All Orchids should be potted firm in the beginning, and to make sure of this stakes should be used to secure the plants, that when they make roots they will not be broken or injured by oscillation. These stakes may be removed when roots are formed, as these soon attach themselves to the pots and keep the plant firm. A night temperature of 65 degrees will suit newly imported plants, but for those established 55 degrees will not be too low as a minimum. All plants of Cattleyas that have finished their growth for this season should be kept a little drier at the roots than when in active growth, though it is never advisable to keep Cattleyas quite dry for any long period, or the bulbs will shrivel and lose vigor and the flowering period will not be such a gay one. Plants of the old C. labiata will now have passed flowering. This is one of the finest of all winter-flowering Orchids, being exceedingly vigorous, a free bloomer, with a large percentage of good varieties; but its chief merit is that of flowering at a period when so few other showy kinds are to be had in bloom. After flowering the plants should be kept quiet, for it must be remembered that this plant takes its rest after flowering instead of before, as in many other kinds. The most perplexing feature of newly established Cattleyas is the way they have of starting to grow in and out of season, or just when they please. I have often been puzzled to know what to do with plants that start into growth when the resting period is at hand. The cause seems to be excessive vigor, and after a season or two, under good treatment, the plants settle down to a regular succession of rest and growth, which is a most desirable condition of things. All Cattleyas should have the full benefit of the sun at this time of year; the foliage will beconme well ripened by its influence, and less moisture in the atmosphere is required while the plants are at rest for the next three months. The time to repot Cattleyas varies with the variety or species. We have recently potted plants of C. Jaskelliana that had begun to root freely, as these do not flower until next summer, but the majority of kinds may safely be repotted soon after they begin to push forward young growth in spring. Many kinds are rooting freely now, but it would be unwise to disturb them just previous to their flowering. South Lancaster MA, E. O. Orpet. 7 December 1892
Winter Protection
In almost every garden there is sure to accumulate a number of plants which one comes to consider indispensable, although not hardy enough to be left outdoors during the winter in severe climates. The cellars of dwelling-houses are not always available for storage, being either too hot or too cold, and the question naturally occurs, What are we to do with them? It is not advisable to place such plants in a heated structure, as they need rest, and should not start to grow until they can be safely planted outdoors in spring. The one place of all others for all half-tender border-plants is the cold-frame, but the term is perhaps an unhappy one, in that we do not build a frame and invite the cold to enter in because it is a cold frame; on the contrary, the frames are well protected in winter by a lining of dry leaves, packed tight outside and kept in place by boards, and the sashes are covered with mats, and shutters to keep the mats dry. In this way we manage to keep out the frost, and rarely do we get the plants frozen. Lily-ofthe-Valley for forcing, Astilbe, pot Roses, Freesias, Ixias, Ranunculus, double Anemones, Anemone fulgens, Pansies, stock-plants of Chrysanthemums, Violets, Hollyhocks, Foxgloves, Narcissi, Bulbocodiums, and, in fact, the whole of the winter-forcing bulbs may be safely stored in cold frames of this description. Chrysanthemums stored in this way produce excellent cuttings, stout and vigorous in May, just when they are wanted for growing on for pot-plants of medium size, or for large flowers. Freesias may be kept until March in this way, and will not have the weak habit of those brought on earlier in heat. All plants that have green tops must be exposed to the light on all favorable days and given air during sunshine, but bulbs and plants that have no top-growth may remain covered until required for use elsewhere. There is a good deal of labor incidental to the management of cold frames in the covering up and uncovering daily, but this is offset by the little attention necessary in watering as in a greenhouse. Very little water is required in winter; theless the better, as long as the plants do not suffer, as one's greatest enemy is the tendency of such plants as Violets to damp-off; these must be carefully watched and decaying parts renoved at once, or the plants will surely and rapidly die. In the spring-time these frames can be utilized as hot-beds. for the production of early vegetables, such as Cauliflower, Lettuce, Radishes, Beets and the raising of a host of tender seeds, such as Tomatoes, Celery, Zinnias, Asters, Stocks and many others. The use of the hot-bed was much better understood in the old days than it is now, but it is still the best of all ways to raise seeds and to grow on the young plants in a sturdy, vigorous way. We take out the soil to the required depth and place bricks under the corners of the frames to prevent their settling down, and fill in with the fermenting material, covering this with soil about six inches deep. When the Lettuce-plants are set out Radishes are sown between the rows, and as the Lettuce is used from alternate rows, Cauliflowers are set in their places. Beets take long to mature, and are given a frame to themselves. In a word, there is no end to the ways in which cold frames can be utilized. We have sixty sashes, six by three feet each, all arranged on frames, three sashes on each. In this way they are easily moved from one place to another, and winter and summer these frames are always fully occupied. Mice are sometimes to be found with snug winter quarters in the bulb-frames, and a happy time they have until Felis domesticus comes on the scene. The moral is, examine the frames regularly, even if they are not opened daily. South Lancaster MA, E. O. Orpet. 11 January 1893
Decorative Plants in Winter
After the season of Chrysanthemums, there is a scarcity of winter-blooming plants for the greenhouse until the natural blooming of spring bulbs; and forethought and care are necessary to provide a supply of decorative plants for use during the winter months. It is not a difficult thing to have Hyacinths and Tulips flowering in pots or pans, and the methods of hurrying them on are generally well understood. But it is a mistake to crowd them into bloom too early, and the results are usually meagre and disappointing. It is far more satisfactory to have a good stock of other plants to carry through until February, when bulbous plants may be had with long flower stems and ample foliage. To fill this void, we grow Linum trigynum to follow the Chrysanthemum. The plants are rooted from cuttings in the spring. These are set out in the summer and lifted in the autumn, beginning to bloom in November. They are brightness itself in the greenhouse. L. trigynum is very susceptible to coal-gas and is liable to the red-spider when grown indoors, but occasional syringing will keep it clean. The more recent name for the plant is Reinwardtia.
The various strains of Chinese Primulas seem to be almost perfectly established; one can obtain seed of a given color of flower and form of foliage and rely on the results almost to a plant; the colors are very rich and the foliage abundant, and it seems almost impossible to improve on the single varieties. The double ones, as obtained from seed, like the double Cinerarias, need a great deal of improvement. It is, indeed, a question if they are desirable, the single kinds are so much more beautiful. To have good large plants of Primulas, the seed should be sown early in spring; about the end of March seems to give the best results if the plants are carefully tended. To obtain plants of the blue variety, which is very pretty by contrast with the others, it is necessary to sow the seed even earlier, as this strain seems to lack the vigor of the other colors. The Chinese Primroses succeed best in the cold frames in summer and may remain there until there is danger of frost and damp; the latter evil is more to be dreaded than cold, but at this period they need the warmth of a greenhouse, where they will soon become gay with flowers. I find there is a tendency with sonme strains of Primroses to flower during early autumn. This is a decided disadvantage, as the flowers are a very poor color at that time, besides being out of season, and the plants do not give good results in winter, even if the flowers are picked off in summer. The Chinese Primrose seems to flower to a certain extent and then the display is past, and the period is governed by the time they commence. Early flowering may be obviated by the later sowing of those kinds that have this tendency.
Poinsettia pulcherrima, an old and very showy winter decorative plant, is indispensable. There are several varieties of this species, which is a native of Mexico. The double variety, so-called, is very poor as compared with the typical plant; it seems impossible to keep the foliage on, even when the plant is small, and the bracts never make a good display. The white form is attractive, though seldom seen. Old plants of Poinsettias when kept dry, after flowering, may be kept at rest until summer and then cut down and two or more shoots allowed to grow. For most purposes cuttings taken in summer with a heel and rooted any time between May and July, will give plants of various sizes. All of these are useful, as the bracts are much more persistent and durable than the leaves. To make Poinsettias last well in a cut state they should be cut several days before they are needed for use, and the stems immersed in water their whole length, when it will be found that the foliage will not fade when used for decoration, as it will when fresh cut from the plants.
Of berried plants for winter use there is none so valuable as the Jerusalem Cherry, though why this Solanum should be so widely known by this name is a mystery, as the plant is a native of Brazil. The Jerusalem Artichoke is also a native of America. The best strain we have seen is that of Benary's, called Solanum capsicastrum nanum. It is a dwarf comnpact kind that needs no pinching to make a very compact bush, which is laden with the bright berries in profusion. As decorative plants for the greenhouse they are good for three months, but for the dwelling-house they are not so valuable, as they soon shed their leaves and berries. To have good plants of this Solanum with the least trouble, seed should be sown this month and planted outdoors in June, where they will remain until fall comes, and with it the time to lift and pot such plants. I have noticed that the larger the berries of this Solanum the less freely they are produced, and in this respect this dwarf strain is the best I have ever seen, though the berries are small compared with those of other strains. South Lancaster MA, E. O. Orpet 18 January 1893
Gloxinias
It is not too much to say that no summer-flowering bulbous plant makes such a grand display in the greenhouse as the Gloxinia. Begonias are not at their best during summer in the greenhouse, for very hot days sometimes cause their flowers to drop, and it is not until early fall that they are at their best. They should be treated accordingly, that is, kept back without artificial heat, not started before their own proper time, and kept cool during the summer. Begonias will come in as a good succession to Gloxinias, which are essentially summer-flowering plants and are most difficult to obtain in good condition later than August. Gloxinias are also admirably adapted for decorative purposes, either as pot-plants or as cut flowers. It is surprising how long the flowers will last when cut, but they cannot be sent any distance, as the least bruise disfigures them. When well grown as pot-plants the rich deep green foliage often completely hides the pots, and the richly colored flowers make a great display. There are two distinct strains of Gloxinias, the thick-leaved, or G. crassifolia, which usually has flowers with solid colors; the strain that produces spotted flowers has thin and comparatively narrow foliage. These strains are so distinct that the difference is easily recognized in the seed-pans. It might be supposed that the two strains were of different specific origin, but I can find no reference to any other species than G. speciosa as the parent of the present race of Gloxinias, though the first seminal variations that occurred under cultivation were all distributed under Latin descriptive names. These might easily, now fifty years later, be taken for distinct species, which they were not; this emphasizes what has so often been urged in GARDEN AND FOREST, that mere garden forms of cultivated plants do not merit Latin names to distinguish them, though the practice too often prevails to our confusion. It should be stated that Gloxinia speciosa had drooping flowers of a purple color, and it is quite a common occurrence for seeds of good strains to revert to this original type and color, though the pendent flowered section is by no means as ornamental as are those with erect flowers. Any particular plant of a desired color can be perpetuated as easily by seed as by leaf-cuttings as usually practiced. It is only necessary to fertilize the newly opened flower with its own pollen to obtain a quantity of seeds which will come true to the parent, and the foliage will be as characteristic as the flowers. It is now, consequently, an easy matter to select desired colors when purchasing seeds. The best time to sow Gloxinia seeds is in January, if a minimum of sixty degrees can be secured. The seeds, being very small, should be sown on a layer of sand and sprinkled with a fine sprayer, without any covering of earth. The pans should be covered with a piece of glass, leaving a space for air and moisture to escape. It will not often be necessary to water again before the seeds have germinated, which will be in about three weeks. As soon as the plants are large enough to handle they should be transplanted into other pans or boxes, and, later, potted in small pots. At this period the young plants grow very rapidly; seedlings may often be potted to advantage in six-inch pots during the first season and give fine results. Loam and plenty of decayed leaf, with enough sand to make it porous, is the best soil for Gloxinias. The plants may be potted on at any time before the flowers begin to develop; after that time no advantage is gained, but liberal treatment in the way of liquid-manure is beneficial until the flowers are fully open. A good brisk, moist heat is necessary to bring Gloxinias along to the flowering stage, when more air and less moisture will produce better flowers and they will last longer. The two important points essential to success with these plants are that they should not be exposed to direct sunlight, and, if they are, should never be watered or sprinkled over the foliage. The plants are liable to be attacked by thrips, and these minute insects speedily ruin them for the season. We fumigate regularly for thrips until the flowers open, but no longer. The work of these insects can easily be detected on the flower buds and foliage, and remedial measures must be taken at once. After the flowering period is over, the plants must be cared for and the foliage kept green as long as possible by careful watering and shading; if forced to rest prematurely the bulbs will be inclined to start into fresh growth. In winter we store the bulbs under the benches or in a warm cellar until they start to grow again; the earliest have just been repotted and will be potted on as they require it; they will begin to flower in May and will continue through the following months. In the hottest weather a heavy shading is necessary, or the flowers will fade in the heat of the day, recovering usually at night. Of the various strains now offered, too much cannot be said for Emperor Frederick; it is brilliant crimson with a pure white margin, and is a vigorous grower. Defiance has a vivid coloring, but lacks vigor and is very difficult to grow. Coelestina is a very large white flower flaked with blue, and is very robust. Of the strain sown as G. alba, every plant came pure white; it is evidently a selection from the spotted strain. A good white, with foliage like G. crassifolia, would be an acquisition in form, size and substance of flower. Corona is another of the spotted class. The purple and red coloring can always be obtained in plenty from a packet of any strain of seed which, with the erect-flowered G. crassifolia, would form the basis for a collection, which can be increased or dimninished at pleasure, for we always find some varieties that are worth perpetuating and some that may easily be spared. South Lancaster MA, E. O. Orpet. 22 February 1893
Romneya Coulteri
The question has been often asked why this plant is so seldom seen in gardens in the east. Seeds are easily obtained from California, where this lovely Poppy grows, both wild and cultivated. I have often, in previous years, sown the seeds, but never succeeded in securing any plants. In response to the inquiry regarding R. Coulteri, in GARDEN AND FOREST, vol. iv., p. 392, a correspondent in California sent me seeds of I890 and I891, with the remark that they would probably take two years to germinate. It seemed a long time to wait, but they were sown in the fall of I891 and have been kept watered ever since and wintered in a cool house. To my surprise, a few days ago, I found a few seedlings already up. Since giving a top-dressing of sand to kill a growth of Moss that had covered the soil, and a little extra warmth, the plants have come up in numbers, and I hope to grow and flower them here.
Much has been said of the beauty of this American plant in English periodicals, and it is not difficult to obtain the plant in England. I have not been able to procure it in the eastern states, presumably because the seeds sown did not come up as expected. I would advise those who have sown seed to wait patiently, for after two winters they are almost sure to germinate. It saves much trouble to know just when one may expect seed to germinate; seedsmen would confer a favor to their customers in stating this fact so far as they are able. At another time I should sow the seed in sound boxes, cover the soil with porous bricks and place the boxes under the benches in the greenhouse. This would prevent loss of seed by careless watering, and when they were expected to germinate the boxes could be placed where the young plants might have light and air.
It may be well to say here that the seeds of any plants that have been exposed to frost in cold frames may now be brought into warmth in the greenhouse, where they will germinate with certainty. This applies especially to seeds of Trollius, Anthericums, Gentians, Aquilegia glandulosa, A. coerulea and their varieties; also to Dicentra eximia; all of which are perennials that should be sown only in fall, as nothing is gained by sowing now, and they would require care and attention all summer. South Lancaster MA, E. O. Orpet. 29 March 1893
Cypripediums
It may be safely presumed that Cypripediums are sure to be represented in even the smallest collection of Orchids by one or more of the very many kinds now in existence, and the taste for this easily grown class of plants is rapidly developing, both here and in Europe. There are several reasons why cultivators, once interested, go on from small beginnings to the larger collection of species and hybrids, the principal one being that the flowers last many weeks in perfection without apparent injury to the plants; indeed, it is quite possible to have flowers of Cypripedium insigne lasting, in good condition, from Christmas till Easter. The plants themselves are handsome when not in bloom, even to the casual observer. Of all the known kinds at present in cultivation, there are but very few that can be called poor growers, and it is safe to say that Cypripediums are the safest of all Orchids as an investment for beginners. There is no difficulty in meeting their demands, chief of which is a plentiful supply of water, as they need no season of rest, but should be kept moist at the roots continually. But, perhaps, the greatest incentive to the culture of Cypripediums is the ease with which seedlings can be raised and flowered. Some of the best work in this field has been done by amateurs, and one often finds promising lots of young seedlings coming on in the hands of both professional and amateur growers.
Newly imported plants of this family establish themselves rapidly from nice plants. A single growth of C. Chamberlainianum obtained last June has, since that time, become established, and produces four promising young growths. A lot of C. insigne, obtained as imported plants in the fall of I891, are now fine plants in six-inch pots, and will flower freely next winter; many were strong enough to flower last winter, but as we desired to obtain strong plants they were kept in a warm house and they did not stop to flower, but kept on growing all the time. Many Orchids, when newly imported from their native country, are best kept out of pots until they show signs of life and begin to root, but Cypripediums are best when potted up at once, as they start quicker and the foliage begins to freshen up from this time forward, while if the plants have but few live roots they may be placed in pots with small pieces of broken pots to keep them in position until they begin to make roots, when a little Fern-root and moss may be placed in the pots over the crocks.
If plants at any time become unhealthy they may be taken out of the old soil and the roots and leaves thoroughly cleansed with tepid water. The live portions should be placed in crocks like newly imported plants and kept moist by frequent syringing, and in this way they may be speedily brought round to a healthy growing condition. It is quite possible to repot Cypripediums at any season if care is taken not to mutilate the roots, but it is preferable to do this as they are about to start into growth with the returning warmth and sunshine of spring. Ours have all been taken in hand and either repotted or the surface of the material carefully removed and replaced by fresh moss and Fern-root in about equal portions. Many advocate the use of loam in the material for some of the more robust-growing sorts, such as C. insigne, but we have always succeeded well without it. Others again recommend the use of moss alone mixed with broken pots, but with the capacity of moss to retain water very careful attention is necessary to avoid over-watering. We recently received plants that were potted in moss alone, and their condition was anything but desirable; they have all been repotted in Fern-root and moss. Sphagnum, even the best, has a tendency to decay rapidly, and when used in any quantity it soon decomposes, and, therefore, should not be used near the roots, but rather on the surface, where it will speedily grow and become green, making an excellent reminder when water is needed. The "Fernroot" named is that of the several Osmundas, common in the United States, preference being given to those growing in well-drained soil. Two distinct grades of fibre can be obtained from the same mass; the more recently formed will be brown and spongy and is excellent for the thick roots of Cypripedes to run through, while the older and wiry portions will suit Cattleyas equally well. It used to be the rule to elevate the plants above the top of the pot when repotting, but this renders the operation a little more difficult, and is altogether unnecessary, as the plants succeed equally well, and in some cases better, when placed in the pots as other plants are.
There are few Orchids that are so easy to satisfy as to other conditions. Most Cypripediums will thrive admirably in a temperature of fifty-five degrees at night, and some will stand a much lower temperature, while, again, others need more warmth, these being such as come from the islands of the Malay Archipelago and their offspring. But a house that can be maintained at sixty degrees at night in winter, with a corresponding rise by day, will suit those that come from those warmer countries. Those kinds that have tessellated foliage need shade from bright sunshine at all times, or the leaves will lose much of their healthy green coloring, and this means loss of vigor, as Cypripediums, being devoid of bulbs, do not store up vigor. The green-leaved kinds will stand much more sunshine, though from this time forward shading is desirable for them also.
The taste for Cypripediums in most cases appears to be the result of education; few take to them at first as they do to the more showy genera of Orchids, but all are almost sure to acquire a growing appreciation of their refinement and elegance as time goes on. A careful selection of a dozen kinds would give flowers every day in the year and a pleasing array of foliage always. The hybridist has done much to improve and refine the quality of these plants, and if I were to select a limited number of the best kinds the majority would be of garden origin. Great advancement is possible in this direction, and proofs of this are constantly visible. The introduction of a single species new to science makes possible innumerable combinations out of which much progress is sure to be made. Rigid selection must begin very soon, or what will be the condition of the nomenclature of Cypripediums a few years hence? South Lancaster MA, O. O. 19 April 1893
Amaryllis
There are few places in America where the showy and useful kinds of Amaryllis, which flower in spring and early summer, receive the attention and prominence which they deserve. The reasons why they should become popular are many. Apart from an annual repotting in spring, they need very little attention besides watering, for after the flowering period is past we place them in cold frames to grow all summer, and they mature both the foliage and bulbs thoroughly in the frames and are stored away in the greenhouse under the benches all winter until signs of growth appear in spring. Re-potting is always done before leaf-growth has advanced, as the leaves are very liable to be injured when young, and if bruised they need staking to preserve their normal habit. The chief hindrance to the making of a collection of Amaryllis is the first cost, bulbs of choice varieties being very expensive, and those of common varieties, from which the good ones have all been selected, are by no means cheap; but there is one way in which one can get together a very interesting lot of plants, and that is to raise them from seeds. Some may say that it takes too long to bring them to a flowering size, but I have found by actual comparison that it takes quite as long to establish a dry imported bull), such as are sent here in the fall, without roots, as to sow seeds and flower the bulbs. We are now flowering a nice lot of bulbs from seeds sown in November, 1890. The seeds of Amaryllis are peculiar in structure and lose their vitality quickly and should be obtained as soon as ripe, about midsummer, from a specialist who supplies seed, and when received should be sown at once in a warm greenhouse. A packet containing sixty seeds was sown June 30th last, and we have now fifty plants well-rooted in four-inch pots, and these, if grown on all summer, will some of them, perhaps, flower next spring. Seedling Amaryllis do not require any period of rest until they reach maturity. When they have flowered and begin to develop offsets they may be kept rather dry throuch the winter as witht older bulbs, and when a quantity are grown they may be brought on in succession or grown to form a display at one period as suits the cultivator. Thrips are very liable to disfigure the foliage when young, but as we grow them indoors at this period an occasional fumigation of tobacco smoke will put an end to this pest, the only one that is likely to give any trouble.
This section of the Amnaryllidae is now more properly known as Hippeastrum, and the genus is peculiar to tropical South America. The original parents of our present garden forms were several, and their individuality is now almost lost, as the hybrids themselves easily intercross. It is rather singular that to a Lancashire weaver, John Horsfield, we owe the most beautiful Narcissus, and so also to a Lancashire watchmaker do we owe the first hybrid Amaryllis, A. Johnsoni, perhaps the best known variety in gardens today. It was raised in I799, and the parents were A. Reginae and A. vittatum. There is a wide field open for the further improvement of garden Amaryllis. In the southern states growers could cultivate them in the open air altogether, and they could be sold at very remunerative prices if the strain were carefully selected and only the best kinds used to start with. European growers realize high prices for their bulbs, and even then it is sometimes difficult to supply the demand. South Lancaster MA, O. O. 10 May 1893
Hardy Ferneries
There are many situations in which it is difficult to make plants or grass thrive, owing to shade from trees or other causes. In city yards, too, where the surroundings are not under control, it is necessary to take these into consideration, and to plant such things as are likely to thrive. I have in mind a limited space at the back of a city house which was transformed into a most interesting spot by planting Ferns alone. Besides attention to moisture, these require hardly any labor after the planting is completed. For situations of this kind the numerous Ferns of the eastern states should be depended upon mainly, as only the native Ferns are entirely hardy. Others, such as British species and varieties, can sometimes be used with advantage. These are distinct, in many ways, from any of our native kinds, the original type having been changed through the continued raising of seedlings and selection. The varieties of almost all the principal types have become so numerous as to tax the ingenuity of the raisers to name them. It should be noted, however, that British Ferns are not reliably hardy, and should be given a secondary position.
Many Ferns grow only on rocks, while others are found in stony soil; some are sub-aquatic, and, again, some favor rich black vegetable mold. All Ferns, however, will thrive in mold, provided other conditions are similar to those in which they are found wild. The common Polypody (Polypodium vulgare) is always found growing in tufts on rocks where but little soil can accumulate. P. incanum is not unlike P. vulgare. It is only found in the southern states, though it is hardy in the east. It also grows in similar positions, and sometimes on trees where moisture is assured. These two species should be planted among stones to secure ample drainage, with very little organic matter about their roots. Cheilanthes vestita, another rare and beautiful Fern, also grows in the clefts of rocks. This is sometimes called the Lace Fern, owing to its elegant fronds; it is perfectly hardy. Camptosorus rhizophyllus, the Walking Fern, grows in similar situations, and is a most interesting Fern, peculiar to North America. Young plants are produced at the tips of each frond as they arch over and touch the soil; these take root, and the plant is thus propagated. Asplenium Trichomanes, the Maiden-hair Spleenwort, is a desirable Fern, though not common in cultivation; its culture is simple, similar to that of C. rhizophyllus. This is also the case with Wall Rue (Aspleniurn Ruta-muraria), a very small, but interesting, species often found on old walls and in clefts of limestone rocks. Old mortar rubbish should be added to the soil to insure its well-doing. These Ferns all need stones or rocks about their roots; they are of dwarf habit, and must not be associated with any of the more robust kinds, but should be planted in nooks by themselves. Though no elaborate arrangement of stones or rocks is necessary, they are a decided advantage in a fernery, and furnish a diversity of positions, and also assist in making a more natural and informal effect. The well-being of the plants must, of course, not be sacrificed for the sake of the rocks, and there must be a good supply of soil to contain moisture for the support of the plants, or failure is certain.
Among Ferns that should not be included in stocking a fernery is Struthiopteris Germanica. It spreads rapidly and should be confined where it cannot ramble at will and crowd out other Ferns. It is commonly known as the Ostrich Fern and is very handsome and most valuable for naturalizing.
Some Ferns need a great deal of moisture, such as Woodwardia Virginica, W. angustifolia, all the Osmundas, Aspidium acrostichoides, Dicksonia punctilobula and the Maiden-hair Fern (Adiantum pedatum). Among kinds that succeed well in drier positions are Aspidium marginale, A. Goldianum, A. cristatum, A. spinulosum and its varieties; also the species of Phegopteris, such as P. polypodioides, P. hexagonoptera anc P. Dryopteris. The Hartford Fern (Lygodium palmatum) must not be omitted. Its climbing habit should be encouraged; it takes some time to become established and is of a rambling disposition at the roots. The Botrychiums and Ophioglossum are very interesting, owing to the bunch-like, fertile portions of the fronds which have given them the name of flowering Ferns.
There is one beautiful exotic Fern that should be known by all growers of Fern; this is a species from Japan, Asplenium Goringianum pictum. It is beautifully variegated with red, gray and green, and is quite hardy. But few forms of native Ferns, which vary from the types, are known in gardens. This is due to the lack of observation and interest in these plants. I found beautifully crested forms of two species which I was collecting. One plant, Aspidium marginale, was surrounded with numerous smaller ones, all of which were crested at the end of each division of the frond. If Ferns were more sought for, and cultivated, we should soon hear of seminal varieties exceeding their parents in beauty. It would add much to the interest of a fernery if some of the native Orchids were planted among the Ferns. The conditions would be suitable for all the Cypripediums, Habenarias, Orchis spectabilis, Spiranthes, Goodyeras and Pogonia. Indeed, every species of native Orchid could be grown in such a situation, excepting, of course, the southern Epidendrum conopseum, which is epiphytal. The soil should be composed largely of decayed leaf-mold, with loam added. Fertilizers are unnecessary and would, in some cases, be injurious both to Ferns and Orchids. Two things only are necessary, shade and moisture, either natural or supplied in some artificial way. Exotic varieties may be added by way of experiment, and it would be very interesting to the grower and others interested in Ferns to know which are reliably hardy in the colder sections of the United States. Most Ferns die down in winter, and a top-dressing of leaf-mold would be of great benefit as a protection to the crowns and for nourishment to the roots. The catalogues of dealers in native plants give sufficient directions for planting. South Lancaster MA, E. O. Orpet. 17 May 1893
Spring Flowers
In this late spring season the display of the earliest spring flowers in the mixed border of hardy plants is still meagre. Among those which have appeared are some familiar flowers that peep out early each year and are the advance guard of the season. They are always in bloom with the Crocus, which is a, perhaps, more definite statement than any dates, considering the difference in seasons and latitudes. There appear to be, so far as I have noticed, but few hardy Primulas. The bright, early-flowering P. rosea once promised to be hardy, and has lived through our winters, but it has largely died out and is now seldom seen. P. denticulata, which was planted with P. rosea, has proved to be reliably hardy. Without any special care or protection, it comes up strong and flowers annually, along with the pure white form known as P. denticulata nivalis. The latter variety is snow-white and has been making an attractive display for some days past. This Primula likes a moist soil, with shade from midday sun. It thrives amazingly, making a strong growth after the flowering period. It is a native of the Himalayas. A new Fritillaria, tried for the first time this season, is F. aurea. The figure given in Nicholson's Dictionary of Gardening, under this name, is evidently in error, as the segments of the flowers are shown recurved, as in F. recurva, while the flowers of F. aurea are the same shape and size as F. Meleagris. The ground color is clear yellow, checked with brown on the inside of the flowers. It is the prettiest Fritillarv I know, and has proved perfectly hardy here, flowering a month earlier than F. Meleagris. It is of dwarfer habit, scarcely exceeding nine inches, though a few tried in the greenhouse were twice the height of those in the open. The plant is a native of Asia Minor, and is offered by growers of bulbs in Holland. The flowers grown indoors lasted two weeks, and the colors were brighter than those in the open ground. Scarcely any two flowers are alike in the markings or tesserae. Puschkinia scilloides, the Striped Squill, is somewhat rare, and is similar to the Scillas. It is always among the earliest garden-plants to bloom. The segments are white, with a blue stripe down the centre of each. This pretty spring-flowering bulb once planted will appear every spring, requiring no special care. The earliest Daffodils were in bloom here a week ago, and were the first flowers from the open garden useful for cutting. Of the many hundred bulbs in the borders, notwithstanding the severe winter, there are no breaks in the rows, and it is certain that in our climate severe cold does not injure them. Many kinds appeared above the soil last fall before the cold weather came, and they will flower as if nothing had happened to them. South Lancaster MA, E. O. Orpet. 28 June 1893
Hardy Flower Garden
Poppies, Paeonies, Spiraeas and a host of other less showy plants are now flowering profusely, and the garden is at its best. The season has been most favorable for the growth of plants, and their vigor this year is in many instances astonishing, some plants having increased so much as to make division necessary another season. Vincetoxicum acuminatum, an Asclepiad commonly called the Mosquito-catcher, is now very attractive. Its myriad of starry white flowers secrete a viscid substance that attracts mosquitoes, and these insects are oftentimes trapped by the flowers. It is a good garden plant, lasting in bloom many weeks, and can easily be increased by division. Cuttings can be rooted, but they seldom make buds below the soil, and usually perish in winter. Pyrethrums, which deserve more general cultivation, are most useful for cutting, and last well. We find the double-named kinds less vigorous than the seedlings raised from seed of double kinds; these in their second season give a quantity of useful flowers that-cannot be overpraised. The plants die out somewhat in winter, our annual loss being about ten per cent. But selfsown seedlings are always plentiful in the borders to make good these losses. Pyrethrums with us thrive equally well in wet and dry soil.
Scabiosa Caucasica, one of the choicest border-plants we have, is coming into flower. Like the Pyrethrums, it has a tendency to die out in winter. It is not of a biennial nature, as I supposed, as our plants are now flowering for the third season. There has been a plentiful supply of seed every year to make good all losses, and we always have a nice bed of it in reserve to cut from. The color is a pleasing lavender-blue, rare in the flowers of hardy plants.
Of many varieties, our earliest Campanula to flower is C. punctata. This is more beautiful than ever this season, and its spreading habit produces a dense mat of green, from which spring many stems covered with white flowers, spotted with brown inside. It is a choice border-plant, growing about eighteen inches high, much like C. Van Houttei, and there is no trace of weediness, as in some of the taller and more robust kinds of Campanula. I have raised seedlings of C. nobilis, said to be a synonym of C. punctata, but the former is stronger growing, spreads rapidly, and is inclined to be weedy. From a garden standpoint these are very different plants.
During a recent visit to Mr. H. H. Hunnewell's gardens at Wellesley, I was surprised to find a fine specimen of Erernurus robustus in bloom. The spike was about six feet high and had been beautiful for a long time, and I was assured that no protection had been afforded in winter. This opens up a new field for hardy-plant lovers, as the plant in question had been but two years planted. There are several other species of Eremurus, all beautiful and stately plants, natives of Asia. These will be a welcome addition to our gardens should they prove as hardy as E. robustus. I have found these plants to be very impatient of root-disturbance, and when once planted they should not be disturbed in any way.
Thalictrums are not very ornamental flowering plants, but have finely cut foliage in all cases. This is especially true of T. minus adiantifolium, which is as pretty in leaf as the common Maidenhair Fern. T. Fendleri, a species from Colorado, is just now highly ornamental, more so than any other species with which I am acquainted, though there is a Japanese plant that resembles it somewhat. T. Fendleri does not grow more than two feet high and thrives in almost any position. The Columbines are mostly past, and I am sorry to say that many of the best species have disappeared entirely, and in their places we have a nondescript lot of self-sown plants that defy classification. Aquilegia ccerulea, A. glandulosa, A. Stuartii, and even A. chrysantha can scarcely be called perennial, at least they are not always so with us. South Lancaster MA, E. O. Orpet. 26 July 1893
Midsummer in the Garden
Larkspurs are just now very much in evidence, and given a wide border with a rich soil that does not dry out, there are few plants so satisfactory. Our Delphiniums were all raised from seed and many of them are fine double and semi-double varieties, equal to the named sorts. These double kinds last longer on the plants, and when cut, than the others, and are, therefore, more desirable and just as easy to obtain from seeds as the more common single Larkspurs. Another fine object just now is the Japan Groundsel, Senecio Japonicus. This plant is sub-aquatic, but will thrive in any situation other than a dry one. A plant with about twelve flowerstems and a quantity of the brilliant orange-colored flowers is just now very striking, the more so as it is too early for the majority of the Compositae. If this Senecio flowered later it would be eclipsed by the Sunflowers and Silphiums. Another name is also attached to the Senecio Japonicus; it is the Erythrochaete palmatifida of many Dutch plant lists. Last summer every flower was carefully allowed to remain on the plant in the hope of obtaining seeds, but out of the quantity saved only about one good seed was obtained from each flower head, and though this was sown at the time of ripening only one plant came up and that six months after the seed was sown. It is easily increased by division and is perfectly hardy.
Morina longifolia is a beautiful garden-plant, seldom seen, and usually considered tender in northern latitudes, but we have had it for three years in the garden without the least protection, and it is now in flower. The plant itself is quite Thistle-like, but the flowers are arranged in whorls on the stems. The flowers, on opening, are pure white, but gradually turn to a deep crimson before they fade. It is a very interesting plant for a border of really choice things. It is often called Morina elegans in seed lists and is a native of Nepaul. The herbaceous Spiraes are just now very showy; the dwarf kinds are past and the tall kinds are at their best. S. ulmaria and the two variegated silver and golden varieties are good gardenplants, also the S. Kamschatica, or gigantea. S. palmata is a pretty bright rose-color, but the best of them all is our native S. lobata, or Queen of the Prairies. This is also soft rose-colored and grows about five feet high. It is the best garden Spiraea we have that has colored flowers, but, strange to say, it is very seldom seen in gardens, though why not it is hard to understand.
Alstroemeria aurea is the only hardy species of those I have tried, and all the available kinds have been tested, including A. Peruviensis, A. psittacina, A. pelegrina and its white variety, A. Brasiliensis, A. haemantha and A. Chilensis. There is a decided uncertainty about Alstroemeria names as they are known in gardens and as they are sold to gardeners, but one thing is fairly certain that A. aurea (or aurantiaca) will be sure to survive and grow apace without special care if the soil it grows in can be kept dry in winter. It is a most beautiful subject for cutting, as it lasts so long and is altogether so different from most garden plants. A. pelegrina, the true Inca Lily, is not hardy, but will well repay pot-culture, especially the white form. These two kinds only grow about eighteen inches high, and die down at midsummer. We had a nice lot at one time, but they all died in the frames in winter when subject to only a few degrees of frost. South Lancaster MA, E. O. Orpet. 30 August 1893
Seasonable Notes
The cool nights already prevalent indicate that we are on the verge of autumn, the season that, next to spring, brings with it most anxieties to the cultivator. Our first preparation for fall is to get the Violets under glass as soon as practicable, and at this time every plant of the winter flowering double kind Lady H. Campbell is safely under glass, either in the frames or in the heated house. The showery weather, and consequent humid atmosphere, give the exact conditions favorable to the development of disease, traces of which are already visible. This removal of the plants enables us to keep off overhead moisture. I have tried every known means to circumvent this disease, but have come to the conclusion that there is no cure for diseased plants in an advanced stage, and it is a waste of time and labor to try remedies. Much can be done, however, to keep healthy stock from becoming weak by taking off all the runners at this season. These should be put in as cuttings in boxes of sandy soil and kept in cold frames all winter. A moderate freezing will not hurt them; ours were frozen for two months last winter. In the spring they were potted singly in small pots and kept in frames until planted out in May. In this way a single sash will hold a thousand runners, and one need not propagate from stock forced to produce to their utmost all through the winter months. In fact, the plants we have now have never known artificial heat. I am also of opinion that partial shade is of decided benefit to plants during the summer season; in infected districts the strain is not so great on the plants, and their constitution is not weakened so much in consequence where shade is afforded by trees or other means at midday.
Poinsettias are invaluable decorative plants for winter, and are particularly seasonable at Christmas. Our plants have been out-of-doors until now, but will be placed in the Rose-house at an early date. As soon as the cool nights give the foliage the least signs of wilting in the morning, just so soon do they need warmth to maintain the foliage on the plants until the bracts are developed. Poinsettias struck this season will make very useful little plants moved into four-inch pots to flower, but their chief value will be in the second season. If kept dry after flowering until midsummer and then started outdoors in frames, there will be several branches to each plant, each producing a good head. A night temperature of fifty-five degrees is most suitable to prevent a weak and attenuated growth. The so-called double Poinsettia is not worth growing. It is weaker in habit, does not retain the foliage so well, and the duplicate row of bracts is, in most instances that I have noticed, purely imaginary. A few plants of the white-flowered form are desirable wherever the typical plant is cultivated, for the sake of variety. The white form is equally as robust as the scarlet, and makes a pleasing contrast.
It has often been a matter of surprise to me that Lavender is not more generally grown in gardens. A single bush will produce a quantity of fragrant flowers, which are pleasing whether fresh or dried. In New England the plant is doubtful as to hardiness. I have known it to survive a winter, but much more often to die. We always lift the plants after the first few frosts have arrested growth, and place them in a cellar, the roots being covered with soil. In the spring they are taken out and replanted in rich soil, and three good cuttings of blossoms are obtained during the summer. These are laid in an airy shed to dry slowly, and are then ready for use. Lavandula vera is the kind grown. It is sometimes known as L. Spica, and is the kind mostly grown to produce the oil of commerce. It is also known as English Lavender, although, like the term English Iris, the plants have in either case no real claim to the name English, except that at various periods they have been largely cultivated in England, for they are not indigenous to that country. The French Lavender has a much broader leaf; it is more tomentose, and is, therefore, often known as L. lanata. The flowers are equally desirable for use, but for distillation they are of little value as compared with those of L. vera. Lavender is easily propagated by means of cuttings taken from a plant placed in a warm greenhouse. Only a very small percentage of cuttings from out-of-door plants take root, as the wood is too hard. Two-year-old plants ought to produce about one hundred spikes of bloom, and these should be cut as soon as the first flowers are open on the spike. South Lancaster MA, E. O. Orpet. 20 September 1893
Timely Hints on Lilies
It is only too true that in this climate one is never quite ready for frost, no matter how late it defers its first visit. In our section it is never safe to leave tender plants out after September has come round. This season frost visited this town the first week of the month, though this is unusually early. The bulb season has arrived, and no time should be lost in obtaining those necessary for outdoor planting while there is natural warmth in the soil; there is nothing gained by delay, and much is lost, for the sooner the bulbs are planted the more growth they make before frost comes, and the better display they are able to make next season. This especially applies to the Lily family. Lilium speciosum and other Japan Lilies do not arrive here until after it is too late to plant in the open ground, hence the advisability of obtaining good American-grown bulbs of such kinds as thrive well in this climate. L. auratumn, L. Harrisii and L. longiflorum are best obtained, as newly imported bulbs, especially L. auratum, while L. tigrinum, L. Batemannme and all the varieties of L. speciosum grow so well here in the open ground that they are easily kept over by dealers, and can be supplied in good-strong bulbs at this season. The European Lilies come in at this season from the Dutch growers, and should be planted without delay, whether for the planting of new bulbs or the separation of old clumps. Lilies make considerable roots in the autumn from the base of the bulbs. These roots go to strengthen the shoot that comes forth next spring, and the stem, when well started, puts forth roots to support the flowers, so it is obvious that the more roots in the fall the better the growth next year.
It has always been my opinion that L. auratum could not be grown on year after year with its native vigor maintained, and this had been stated in the columns of GARDEN AND FOREST, when a correspondent sent me bulbs of a variety called L. auratum macranthum, which he said were perfectly easy to grow on year after year. This kind is also known as the variety Platyphyllum, owing to its broader leaves more resembling the Speciosum section, as do the bulbs themselves, and it is a pleasure to be able to state of this variety that it is a most satisfactory Lily in every respect, especially the flowers themselves. Importers of Japan bulbs would do well to make a note of this variety, for I do not know of any place where it can be procured in this country. Mr. Brydon's great success with L. giganteum will, no doubt, encourage many to try this noble Lily, and I would warn all such to be careful and not pay high prices for bulbs of this species unless they are guaranteed true. I know of an instance where the commoner L. cordifolium was supplied last season, though the large price paid ought to have guaranteed the purchaser against any mistake, whether intentional or not. L. giganteum being a Himalayan Lily, is best obtained from European dealers. Dutch bulbgrowers catalogue it, but I question if any growers here have it to sell. It is true that the flowers are of small size in comparison to the stature of the plant, but I know of no garden plant that has such a distinguished appearance when seen as it was at Yarmouthport this season.
None the less remarkable were the fine stalks Lilium Wallichianum superbum was throwing up, for they surpassed all others I had seen for vigor, and promised great beauty later in the season. Mr. Brydon assures us of its hardiness, and also of the fact of its producing small bulbs in the axils of the leaves, like L. tigrinum, and he showed us some in boxes that were flowering when two years old. There is a great future for this fine Lily, judging from the way it is behaving in every place where I have seen it, though its height is against it for pot-culture.
One thing this season has taught us, with considerable emphasis, is that Lilies must be sure of moisture at the roots at all times; there is no difficulty about this in moist localities, except during a dry time in summer-just when they need water most; hence many failures. As I have tried to explain, there is no period of the year when the roots of Lilies are inactive, for as soon as the stalk begins to decay the new roots begin to push forth from the base of the bulbs to fortify them for the work of another season. Lily-stalks should never be pulled out, no matter how well ripened, or water will be conducted direct to the heart of the bulb and trouble will begin at once.
In planting Lilies, and, in fact, all other bulbs, the manure used should never come in contact with the bulbs, but they should be covered first with soil and the manure should be put on afterward. The older this is the better; decayed leaf-soil is the more suitable, if free from fungus, but Lilies like a rich soil. The old idea was, never to give Lilies manure or manure-water, but this theory must be considered obsolete. One of the largest growers of L. Harrisii in Bermuda told me that no farmer there would willingly grow a second crop of Lilies; it impoverished the soil more than any other crop, a fact which Lily-growers here should bear in mind. South Lancaster MA, E. O. Orpet. 4 October 1893
Autumn Planting
After such a protracted dry season it is fair to assume that there will soon be a good deal of wet weather, and the intending planter has, therefore, no time to lose. Thinning out old plantings or making new ones should be attended to at once, and a large majority of herbaceous plants will become established in their new locations before the ground freezes, and will start away better in the spring than if planting is left until that season.
The autumn planting of Roses in the open in New England is, however, in my opinion, a mistake. Unless the wood of established Roses is thoroughly matured, especially the late growth, even these are liable to be killed down to the roots, as was proved last winter with a lot of year-old plants of Hybrid Perpetual Roses on their own roots. They were well protected with straw, but the shoots were vigorous and immature, and the result was that all died. A similar lot this year will be lifted and the roots placed in sandy soil in the cellar, to be replanted in April as soon as the ground can be worked. About three hundred American-grown Rose plants were used in our fall plantings in 1890 and 1891, some on their own roots and others budded, according to variety. The plants were earthed up with soil just before frost came, and covered lightly with straw. In each case one-third of the plants were either killed or so badly injured that they had to be replaced in the spring. I have no doubt that others have had the same experience, but a great deal is still heard about planting Roses in the fall, as though it were the most approved season for this work. Believing that orders were filed by the growers in the order of their receipt and that the best plants would go to the first purchasers, our orders were placed early, so as to secure good plants. This plan I should again follow, but on receiving the plants they should be heeled in, either in a cool cellar or cold frame. If in a cold frame, the tops should be covered with dry leaves. In the spring they will come out bright, with the buds just beginning to swell and the roots in good condition.
As to the value of budded plants, compared with own-root plants, it has always seemed to me that the best and quickest results are obtained from budded plants. The wild Brier has to be looked out for, but shoots from the Brier-root can be detected at a glance and removed, and as long as these intruders are under the soil they will do no harm. We grow several hundred Hybrid Roses for forcing; all the best are kept in flats about six inches deep. Some are on their own roots, others budded, and others again grafted on the roots of the Baltimore Belle. Those on their own roots are the weakest, and the last-named are by far the strongest, making growths over six feet high. These are now thoroughly ripened by keeping the soil rather dry when growth is finished, and in rainy weather the boxes are stood on edge. The plants treated in this way are started when the Chrysanthemums have finished flowering. We get one crop of excellent Roses in March, and as they are not pruned low down the lower buds start and give a second fine crop later; sometimes a scattering of good blooms is gathered later in the season from the plants treated in this way. These Roses require considerable care during the summer as to moisture, but the results are so satisfactory that we shall grow fewer in pots in the future, and then only for later crops. The growing of Roses in boxes has much to recommend it, for few private establishments can spare a house for hybrid Roses the year round, when there are so many uses tor a glass structure in summer. To have good Chrysanthemum-blooms, these also must be grown entirely under glass. The culture of Violets in frames may also be counted among the lost arts unless some better means can be devised for fighting the dread disease than those we now possess. South Lancaster MA, E. O. Orpet. 11 October 1893
Orchid Notes
We have just passed through the period of the greatest scarcity of Orchids in flower, and are now entering upon the season which brings with it the finest display of the year. Much has been done in recent years to add to the charms of Orchid-houses in the autumn months, and we are reminded of this fact by the opening of the first Cattleya labiata. This new-old plant has been lavishly praised, perhaps, but when we consider the time of its flowering, its freedom of growth and its free-blooming habit, the commendation can hardly be called extravagant. We have in all twenty plants, and eighteen of these are flowering this season, and the other two were weak to begin with. All were repotted in shallow pans last spring, and many are producing four flowers from a growth, and one has five flowers open on one stem. Next season we may look for even more luxuriant growth. It must be admitted that, taken collectively, the flowers of C. labiata vera are not of such uniform excellence as those of other varieties of this species, such as C. Mendelli, C. Trianae, or even C. Percivalliana. The two best we have were bought with the collector's description attached and are good varieties, but the remainder are not remarkable for individual worth, except for the season at which they flower. C. labiata likes plenty of light, and it thrives well when grown in shallow, well-drained pans suspended from the roof. Another fine Cattleya, now in bloom, is C. Bowringiana. This belongs to a totally distinct section of the genus, and is by some considered to be a variety of C. Skinneri, which it certainly resembles when in flower, but in habit it is quite distinct. This also is of very free growth and is one of the very few Cattleyas that may be said to improve year after year; indeed, ours have grown so freely that they have been repotted every year. Care is taken to use only the best fern-root when repotting Cattleyas, as this will keep sound many years. Very little sphagnum moss is used with it, just enough to indicate the condition of the plant as to moisture, and it is then a simple matter to crack the pot in which the plant is growing and take off the pieces carefully, having ready a pot of suitable size in which to place the plant with as little root-disturbance as possible. In this way Cattleyas receive no check from repotting if it is done just as they are about to start into new growth. Cattleya Bowringiana is liable to be attacked by thrips during the growing season, and a close watch must be kept or the growth will be irreparably disfigured. In this respect it is similar to others of the two-leaved Cattleyas, as C. bicolor, C. amethystoglossa, C. Leopoldii and C. intermedia; it is also liable to receive injury from water lodging in the young growths, and in this respect is singular, so far as I have observed. We keep all the above-namned plants at the warmest end of the house and sponge them frequently with Fir-tree oil during the growing season.
European cultivators lay great stress on the desirability of preventing Cattleyas from starting into a second growth the same season, and their writings at times are perplexing to American growers. I fancy the climate here hastens the maturity of the bulbs and increases the tendency to second growth, but it is also a common occurrence for the plants to flower from both bulbs at the same time, a fact due in part, I believe, to the greater amount of sunshine here; but whether, in allowing this to take place, we are burning the candle at both ends, time alone will tell. One of the best English growers has just asserted that the average life of a Cattleya there, in full vigor, is about six years; after this it taxes the skill of the best cultivators to keep them in vigor, especially if they have flowered freely. One thing is fairly certain, that the system practiced there of keeping Cattleyas dry for a long period to induce rest, would here cause their deterioration, as the material we use for potting holds far less moisture than the peat used almost entirely abroad. This question of premature growth has been a source of anxiety to me and also to others, but on mentioning it recently to one of the largest importers of Orchids he told me that Cattleya Trianae in Colombia was found in flower almost every month in the year, and that their collector had noticed this variety in bloom whenever he had passed through that region. This in part explains the apparently erratic behavior of newly established plants in our glass houses. So far as my observation goes, it takes Cattleyas of the Trianae section about six years to settle down to a normal season of rest and growth.: Perhaps some will call this a sign of deterioration, but let us be hopeful, at least, until a wider experience shatters our belief that the American climate is better suited to Orchid life than that of the Old World, even if temperatures do get beyond our control in summertime. South Lancaster MA, E. O. Orpet. 18 October 1893
Mushrooms
There are few gardens containing special arrangements for the culture of Mushrooms, as caves and houses specially built for this purpose are not often seen. But places that are suitable for the production of a crop without any expenditure, except for the material and labor, are quite common in almost every garden where the greenhouses are built on the modern plan with benches or stages in the interior. We have a house wherein are two centre benches of Chrysanthemums; the benches are about three feet from the ground, and under these is the natural soil or gravel floor. By placing hemlock-boards on edgeagainst the legs of the benches we have at once as good a Mushroom-bed as can be desired, and hitherto have not failed of a crop. One cart-load of manure is available a week, and this is spread out-of-doors to dry, and is turned over every day once or twice. At night it is heaped up and shutters are placed over it in case of rain, and in a week it is dry enough to make into beds indoors. I like to have it so dry that the hands are not soiled by contact, and that it does not contain moisture enough to cause it to stick to the bricks used to make the beds firm. The old-time plan of mixing loam with the manure is a good one, especially if a heap of perfectly dry loam is prepared and covered up during summer. The loam will then act first as an absorbent of ammonia, and, besides this, as a regulator of the heat of the newly made beds, for whenever a bed heats violently-say, over 100 degrees Fahrenheit, the heat is rarely sustained as long as desirable to promote a healthy spreading of the mycelium, or spawn, through the bed, without which there cannot, of course, be any success. As soon as it is certain that the heat will not be violent we plant the spawn and cover with loam when the heat is on the decline, and if the temperature of the bed is still decreasing about six inches of hay is put on as a covering. This brings the heat up again through the spawn to the surface of the bed. Our first-made beds stand now at eighty-five degrees, and will not vary more than five degrees until the crop appears.
After the first crop is gathered a good soaking of manure-water is applied - that from the cow-barn is best - and we get a second and sometimes a third crop from the beds before the warm days of spring make it too hot a place for success. It should be stated that the minimum temperature of the house is fifty degrees, and fire-heat is rarely used until the Chrysantlhemum buds begin to show color; after these are past, Violets are grown in the same benches with hybrid Roses, for spring flowering, the side tables being occupied with Pinks permanently.
I fear we are too liable to blame the spawn for lack of success, for there are many other causes of failure, only to be found out by careful watching. Scarcely any two growers agree in the minutiae of their practice, and there certainly seems to be no royal road to assured success. Each season we gather a quantity of the very best Mushrooms from a bench containing Mignonette. We have gathered there already and shall continue to do so, more or less, all winter. The soil in the benches is twelve inches deep and is made very rich; the material, from an old bed is mixed in at the time of putting in the soil, the last week in July, and manure-water is used just as soon as the Mignonette is ready to cut. This season we have spawned a portion of the Mignonette-bed to see how this will result. The cool, moist bed of soil in which the Mignonette grows seems just suited to the development of the best Mushrooms, but it must be remembered that the spawn runs during the period of warm weather, when the bed is not kept so moist as it is later, when the Mignonette requires frequent watering. South Lancaster MA, E. O. Orpet. 1 November 1893
Autumn Work
A really sharp frost has brought about a decided change in the aspect of the garden, and it is now possible to put things in order for the winter. It is generally acknowledged that to dig over a border of herbaceous plants, with a view to benefit them, is an operation requiring decided skill, an accurate knowledge of the location of each plant or bulb and the manner in which the roots are disposed. This knowledge is not given to all, even if the time to act upon it were at our disposal, hence the fork or spade is never used in our border, except when planting is to be done. Once the border is planted for a permanent effect, if this be done with forethought, there remains very little to do beyond thinning out and transplanting occasionally. But borders need replenishing every year with food for their occupants for the next season, and this can be supplied at this season better than at any other. The growth of most plants is now matured, and can be cut down and all the debris removed, including weeds (and some very good garden-plants attain to this distinction if given an opportunity), and when all is cleared off a good coating of well-pulverized manure or leaf-mold may be placed over the whole border. There need be no fear of smothering the plants; the rains and the worms will carry most of it down to the roots, and the digging-in process may easily be dispensed with, and the plants will thus be saved from the dangers which a spade, especially in unskilled hands, always threatens.
The unusually dry fall weather has retarded all planting operations, and the bulk of this must, with us, remain to be done in spring, hence other work, and, in fact, all possible work, should now be pushed to help out in the spring rush. Where it is intended to plant, the ground can be prepared and dug deep. I always like to double-dig-that is, twice the depth of the spade-by keeping a wide open trench where it is intended to plant for a permanent effect, adding the manure as the work proceeds. This breaks up the subsoil. If this is poor, however, keep it at the bottom, but enrich it, and the roots of trees, shrubs and plants will go down and feast there and be out of the reach of temporary drought.
Vacancies will occur even in well-managed gardens, and, whether of trees or low-growing plants, it is equally true that there are each season gaps that require to be filled and in these emergencies the nursery garden, advocated before, is a very helpful adjunct. I have found that evergreen trees, when brought from a distance, do not always take kindly to new surroundings, especially if set out where it is presumed they will remain, and it is often best to set them where they can be carefully tended for the first year and allowed to make a second year's growth in the same position, and then a careful removal to permanent positions can easily be made with greater satisfaction to those concerned, who have had an opportunity to study their habits and requirements as to soil and exposure. After a tree is finally planted on the lawn its greatest enemy is the mowing-machine, and it is surprising what an amount of persuasion it takes to stop the machine just in time to miss the young growth at the tips of the lower branches, especially of fine young Conifers. We have been obliged to cut away a circle of sod underneath the branches, and around each tree, and put on a neat mulching; this also is of great benefit to the tree, it keeps the surface soil open and accessible to every drop of rain that falls, and while, as in the past season, the surrounding grass has been parched for want of rain, on removing a little of the mulch the soil under the trees always showed a damp surface, and not a tree suffered, except where the roots of Elms intruded. South Lancaster MA, E. O. Orpet. 8 November 1893
Dendrobium Phalaenopsis Schroederianum
The introduction of this fine plant two years ago was an event in Orchid history, the importance of which, at that time, was hardly appreciated. Indeed, those who saw the first plants offered at auction had serious doubts as to the chances that some of them would ever recover from the effects of their long voyage from New Guinea. But it is now quite evident that there is no Dendrobium which rallies and becomes established so quickly as this one, and it is now apparent that the second season's growth under cultivation has advanced in most of the plants beyond any made in its own native wilds. This fact is the more remarkable as the sub-section Speciosa~, under which division D. Phaloenopsis is included, is remarkable for the difficulty of keeping the plants in good health. Hence, this is not only the best of its section, but one of the finest of all Dendrobiums in cultivation. To the grower no experience is more absorbing than the arrival of what appears to be nothing more than a bundle of dried sticks, and watching to discover what sort of a response this unpromising material will make to warmth and moisture. The dormant buds start from points where least expected, but in every case there is a start, though sometimes it is from the tops of the stems. These growths made from the tops of the bulbs should be allowed to mature, and when the time comes for them to start again they may be taken off a few inches below their union with the parent stem and potted up in small pots, or, better still, in shallow perforated pans. I have noticed also that the plants start better when suspended near the roof glass of the warmest house. When on the benches they do not thrive nearly as well, and snails are very partial to the young growths and roots. Thrips also are troublesome enemies, and must be got rid of by fumigation or sponging with soapy water as soon as they put in an appearance.
Dendrobium Phalaenopsis appears to grow mostly on trees, as most of the imported plants have pieces of bark still attached to the old masses of roots, and for this reason the roots do not seem to like a mass of material to bury themselves in, It will be found that the less material used the better, and frequent syringing will be all that is necessary to keep them in robust health during the growing period, which is the present time, with a quantity of plants obtained last June, but those obtained from an importation two years ago have already settled down to growing in the summer, and are flowering now, and will shortly be at rest.
The decorative value of this plant can hardly be overpraised. We use the flowers individually for boutonieres, or they can be used as a spray if desired. They keep in good condition for at least three weeks if not placed in a cooler temperature than the house they grow in. A reduction of heat seems to render them liable to spot and decay. South Lancaster MA, E. O. Orpet. 8 November 1893
The Kitchen-garden
Celery, when put away in winter quarters, should have a place where plenty of air can be given on all favorable occasions. A celery-pit such as the large growers use is the most convenient place, and gives the best results with the least trouble. Celery-rust has troubled us more this year than usual, especially on the earlier crops, but another year we shall grow only for first and second early two sowings of White Plume, with Giant Paschal for storing away. This last is practically rust-proof, and the White Plume is the least liable to it of all early and mid-season kinds. Roots of all kinds - beets, turnips, carrots and salsify - should not be allowed to freeze severely in the open ground. Rather, lift them a little before winter comes in earnest, and store them in a cellar, where they will keep plump if covered with sand. Ruta Baga, if the leaves are merely trimmed off and the crowns left, start away freely if placed in a warm house in winter, and if the tops are covered with soil to blanch them, they make excellent vegetables for winter use. All the strong flavor seems to be lost in the blanching process. The earliest-made Mushroom-beds are beginning to show now, exactly six weeks from time of spawning, in a temperature of seventy-two degrees. We expect to have mushrooms from now on until the early spring months under the greenhouse benches. South Lancaster MA, E. O. O. 15 November 1893
Epidendrum radicans
This species, the most beautiful of its section, if not, indeed, of the whole genus, is not considered easy to flower by some growers, and partly on this account it is not often seen. There is no difficulty, however, about growing the plant, and it is really one of the easiest and quickest of Orchids to grow and increase. On the 20th of February, 1891, a small branch or cutting was obtained, which has developed into a plant that now has seven growths that are showing flower spikes, with many other secondary ones that should flower another season. Epidendrum radicans is a native of Guatemala, where it grows among long grass in full exposure to the sun, so it seemed perfectly rational to place the plant in the Rose-house at the end, where it would get the full benefit of the sunshine all summer, with frequent syringing in hot weather. This treatment was evidently agreeable, but smaller plants should be placed in a warmer house the first year, to induce rapid growth, as they should have some size before being placed in the sun. This species does not form bulbs as other Epidendrums do, but the slender stems grow upward for about four feet, roots being sent out from below each pair of leaves, which grow downward until they reach the sphagnum growing on the surface of the pot. The roots then strike deep into the potting material, and hold the plant in position, so that in appearance it is always striking to the most uninterested observer. But when the large heads of brilliant scarlet flowers are produced there are few Orchids that surpass this Epidendrum in brilliance of display. It is also known as E. rhizopharum. South Lancaster MA, E. O. O. 22 November 1893
Lachenalias
As the flowering season of these pretty Cape bulbs comes round each year, it is always a matter of surprise that the Lachenalias are so little known and cultivated. For the window-garden, or, indeed, for any purpose where other bulbs are grown in pots, these are in every way satisfactory, the more so that they can be grown year after year and increase rapidly with ordinary care. The kinds that are best known in gardens are those of the larger-growing species; many of the smaller-growing kinds are, it is true, more curious than beautiful, but it is a mistake to apply this phrase to the whole genus, as is done in one work on Bulbs recently issued. L. pendula is with us the largest and earliest to bloom, and is now, with cool treatment, in full bloom. The scapes of flowers resemble the Roman Hyacinth somewhat, but the flowers are bright red, yellow and green-tipped; the foliage of L. pendula is broad and green, while in L. tricolor it is distinctly spotted with round black spots, as is also L. Nelsoni. This last is the brightest-colored of all, the flowers being of the clearest golden-yellow, with scarlet margins. Lachenalias need a long period of rest after flowering, and as soon as the foliage dies down we shake them out of the soil and sort the bulbs in sizes and store them away in dry sand until August. The largest are then potted in six-inch pots or eight-inch pans, and the smaller ones are put in boxes to grow on to the flowering size. All are then placed in cold-frames until cold weather comes, when they are brought into the cool greenhouse. The treatment usually given to Freesias will suit the Lachenalias admirably, both being natives of south Africa. It is not too late to procure bulbs now for later spring blooming. South Lancaster MA, E. O. O. 29 November 1893
Oncidium ornithorhynchum
Mexican Orchids for the most part take very kindly to cultivation here in the United States, and this Oncidium is one of the most tractable. It appears to thrive equally well in the cool-house or in a warmer one, and our success with a plant originally presented induced the purchase of twelve others, more especially because of their agreeable spicy, but quite undefinable fragrance. The original plant was obtained two years ago in a four-inch pot, and owing to the way the plant has of making two growths each year from the last-made bulb, it is now in a nine-inch pan and a fountain of charming pink flowers; the spikes are much branched, many of them two feet long and the foliage of a rich green. There is a white form of this Oncidium, at present extremely rare in cultivation, but very beautiful. O. ornithorynchum is an easy plant to grow and appears to need no resting period, as the young growths start before the flowers have faded each year, and the bulbs increase in size until they become as large as hens eggs, and these produce two the next season. Repotting is done directly after the plants have past flowering, that is, during the fall months. We have had plants in bloom now for three months, and the small sprays are very useful for boutonnieres because of their airy grace and fragrance. The specific name of this Oncidium has reference to the peculiar appendage to the anthers, which seem to resemble a bird's beak. South Lancaster MA, E. O. O. 6 December 1893
Greenhouse Work
After the Chrysanthemums are past, a reorganization of the greenhouses is generally necessary; the space lately taken up by those plants is now vacant and available for the regular winter occupants. Our whole stock of old plants of Chrysanthemums is taken out of the beds and pots and planted in cold-frames for the winter. Last winter these were frozen for two months, but we never had better cuttings than we had this spring; they appear to like the complete rest. In planting, care should be taken to leave a good space between the rows, as some kinds are apt to throw out underground shoots, and the varieties may become mixed when the time comes to take cuttings. For late cuttings for bench-planting in June these stock plants will bear topping in April; this will give another crop in May, the second or third week. It is preferable to keep the scarce varieties in a cool greenhouse, so that they can be propagated during early spring. Now that the one-bloom system is so much in favor, the carrying over of considerable stock is absolutely necessary to enable one to take such a large quantity of cuttings at a given period.
All tender plants that have been in frames should now be removed to the greenhouse and placed in winter quarters - Azaleas, Ericas, Primulas, Cinerarias, Freesias, Cyclamen, Calceolarias, Lachenalias, and all such plants that are liable to injury from cold, such as we may experience any time now. For fumigating plants that are liable to aphides during winter we have for some time used the tobacco-leaf instead of the stems or mid-rib. The leaf is a damaged grade that costs from eight to twelve cents a pound, and is the cheapest fumigating material we have found yet, inasmuch as a very small amount of this tobacco is sufficient to kill the insects, a smaller volume of smoke is required since it is so much more pungent, and in our experience of over two years with this material not a plant has suffered from scorching, an occurrence quite common when so much smoke was needed to kill. A slight periodical smoking, say, once in ten days, is far more effectual than waiting until the insects are very abundant. During the winter months the conditions are very favorable to the increase of green fly, and these give place in summer to the black fly, which is much harder to kill by fumigation, but is very susceptible to a weak solution of Fir-tree oil.
During the past year or two the Carnation rust has been pretty well disseminated throughout the country; indeed, it is very hard to secure a good stock of Carnations free from disease. We bought the rust two years ago with a new variety, and our experience is by no means unique. The easiest way to check it that we have tried is spraying with Fir-tree oil, using the mixture warm and of the same strength recommended for mildew. This same solution has proved an effectual cure for one of the worst cases of mildew on Roses I have ever had to deal with.
Where a number of Rubber-plants are used for decoration, there are always some that have lost their lower leaves and look dilapidated; these should be topped now and the portions of the stem having foliage can be cut into lengths and propagated, and at least two-thirds will root if put in at this time. It is a good plan to place the newly made cuttings in dry sand for a few hours, when the milky sap will coagulate and seal over the cut and aid considerably in root-formation. It will be found also that the more abject the old plant the better the cuttings taken from it will root. Strong, unripened wood of Rubber-plants rarely root freely; cuttings taken a year ago are now most serviceable plants, about two feet high; after rooting the young plants need liberal treatment, as they are gross feeders.
Poinsettias (Euphorbia pulcherrima) are now developing their bracts, and need abundant liquid nourishment to develop them to perfection and to enable them to retain their foliage. The Poinsettia is a very valuable plant for Christmas decorations, and repays any care bestowed on it. When used in a cut state they should be cut three days before they are wanted, and the stems immersed their whole length in a tank or bath. Enough water will be absorbed in this time to make them keep fresh through any ordinary period, and the same treatment will apply to E. Jacquinmeflora equally well.
The garden varieties of Amaryllis are now becoming very popular, and will be even more so as their merits are better understood. This is a good time to obtain seeds of a good strain and sow them in a gentle warmth. Seedlings will flower two years from now if treated liberally and grown on without check. After the flowering period is reached an annual rest will be necessary at this time. The pots should be placed in a temperature of about fifty degrees, and kept moderately dry until growth commences in spring, when they will need potting in new soil, the old exhausted soil being shaken out. A packet of Amaryllis-seed, costing one dollar, will give about fifty plants. I have found that imported bulbs take as long to establish them as is needed to raise and flower seedlings, and the quality of the latter is far superior. South Lancaster MA, E. O. Orpet. 20 December 1893
Oncidium Gravesianum
This plant is one of the latest additions to the already long list of Oncidiums known to cultivators, many of which, however, have proved very short-lived under artificial conditions; this species, however, appears to have no weakness of this sort, and increases every year. It is a native of Pernambuco and was discovered and imported with Cattleya labiata by Sander & Co. There is a figure of O. Gravesianum in the Gardeners' Chronicle, May 21, I892, but it does not do justice to the variety in bloom with us, being much more star-like in outline and suggesting that the flowers were poor ones borne on newly imported plants. Our plants, when received, were thick masses of copper-colored bulbs, just as they had been torn from the branches of trees in Brazil, and these are now flowering from the second season's growth made in this country. There is a very strong resemblance in the flowers to those of 0. crispum, and a variety of this now in bloom is almost identical in color with 0. Gravesianum. The resemblance ends with the flowers, the growth being very distinct. The whole flower is a rich dark bronze, the inner half of the lip being bright yellow; there are over twenty flowers on each of the three panicles borne on the plant, and they appear to last a long time in good condition. 0. Gravesianum thrives well at the cool end of the Cattleya-house, where a temperature of fifty degrees at night during winter seems to suit it, and prevents the tendency to premature growth, which is apparently a habit of this species when cultivated. Messrs. Linden's collectors state that in the district where the Cattleya labiata was rediscovered no rain had fallen for ten years, the plants being wholly dependent upon the heavy dews for their supply of moisture, and this bit of circumstantial evidence gives us a clue to the treatment of our acquisitions from this region, which all bear, more or less, the appearance of having been exposed to a fierce sun, and a thorough ripening process, such as a scanty supply of water would naturally bring about.
The Orchid-weevil
When writing recently of Dendrobium Phalaenopsis I quite omitted to speak of the danger to cultivators of introducing that dread pest the orchid-weevil, which has left unmistakable evidence of its ravages on most of the plants as they were imported. The fact is, I had not found any of the insects since the plants came six -months ago; but the other day there were two plants whose bulbs were discolored and felt soft to the touch. A dissection disclosed several of the grubs in each bulb. While there is, perhaps, no reason for alarm when one is forearmed, it would be disastrous if, through oversight, this pest should gain a footing in the Orchid-houses throughout the country. There is no known remnedy except to cut off the affected bulbs and burn them. This is harsh treatment, but it must be rigorously followed up if we would keep our plants in health. I believe it is easier to detect the insect in the bulbs of a Dendrobium than in those of a Cattleya, as they are slender, and a cavity is more evident to the touch, hence we need have no fear of being able to control these invaders in the case of this Dendrobium. South Lancaster MA, E. O. Orpet. 27 December 1893
Early Cauliflower
Early vegetables are always appreciated, and there is little difficulty in having Cauliflower as early as the first week in April without elaborate preparation or appliances. The delicate flavor of Cauliflower at this time of the year is not equaled at any other season, excepting, perhaps, late in autumn. During hot weather the flavor is usually strong, so that it is advisable to make an effort to have this vegetable when at its best. There are many strains of Cauliflower now that are all equally good when obtained from reliable seedsmen, but preference should be given to the dwarf-growing kinds for early crops, as they take up less space and produce nice heads to each plant, with not more than five per cent of failure to head up. The first sowing should be made in the greenhouse on the first of January, and as soon as the seeds are germinating they must be placed close up to the glass in a house kept at about fifty degrees at night. By the last of the month these will be ready to pot up singly in two-inch pots, and a second pinch of seed should then be sowed; in three weeks the earliest will be ready to put in four-inch pots, and the last sown ready to pot off, and by the tenth of March the largest may be put into six inch pots, as their growth is very rapid at this season. About this time we begin to get the cold frames empty, to fill again as hot-beds; many of the Violets may be spared, and other winter occupants, such as bulbous plants and Roses, will all have been taken into the greenhouse, so that considerable space is available. The hot-beds are generally finished and ready for planting by the 20th of March, and a warm day is chosen to move the Cauliflower from the greenhouse to the frames, and they are taken out of the pots and planted. A good watering with tepid water is given at the time, as drought at any period is liable to make them head up prematurely. In preparing the hot-beds, two feet of fermenting material is sufficient; half of this is composed of leaves that have been placed round the cold-frames in winter, so that one load of manure goes a long way, and the heat being less violent it consequently lasts longer when the leaves are mixed in.
About six or eight inches of loam is used to plant in, and if the material of a spent Mushroom-bed is available there is nothing better than this for mixing with the loam, ior it not only lightens up the soil and makes it porous, but very often another crop of Mushroomrs will appear in a few weeks after planting in Cauliflower, the fermenting material giving the spawn a stimulus that will start it again into activity. The second and third sowings of Cauliflower are potted and treated like the first, except that they are planted in frames out of four-inch pots, the principal point being to take care that the young plants never receive a check, from want of room or water. Later sowings are made at intervals of three weeks, for the home table demands not so much a large supply as a regular one until the outdoor crops begin to mature. These later sowings are planted in the open ground and protected, if cold nights prevail, as they sometimes do, even late in May, in this section.
It is pretty well known, but will bear repetition, that the Cauliflower will repay any extra attention, and is one of the few vegetables that quickly respond to watering with fertilizers even in the open ground. This was evident last autumn, when a large patch of the plants were at a standstill owing to dry weather, and it was extremely doubtful whether they would head before frost came. Nevertheless a good soaking of weak manure-water brought them along rapidly, and scarcely one failed, as the later ones were taken up and the roots laid in a trench with the heads close together, and at night straw was thrown over them to protect them from frost. For earliest sowings we use Early Dwarf Erfurt pot-grown seed; for the later sowings, Snowball, Danish and Krouk's Perfection are good varieties. South Lancaster MA, E. O. Orpet. 10 January 1894
Work in the Greenhouse
With the arrival of the new year comes a quantity of work that is best done at this period, and seed-sowing and propagation can now be carried on under exceptionally favorable conditions. Small seeds, such as those of Gloxinias, Begonias, Streptocarpus and many others which are slow to germinate, are best sown now. Small seeds, such as those named, should never be covered with soil, but sown on the surface after the soil has been made moderately firm and quite level, and after it has been thoroughly watered. A gentle heat under the pans or boxes will materially aid germination and assist the young plants in the earlier stages of their growth. It is often recommended that a sheet of glass be placed over the pans or boxes after the seed is sown, and this is beneficial when care is taken to guard against the fungus-growth peculiar to boxes of choice young seedlings; unless the condensed moisture is carefully wiped from the glass every day, the result of much care is sometimes swept away in a few hours.
If Cyclamen seeds have not been sown earlier, no time should be lost before doing this work. Seeds sown now and grown on without a check all summer make neat plants to flower next winter, but sowing in September is preferable. Where old plants can be carried over safely through the summer, if they do well they are better than young ones, as a greater number of flowers are obtained to a plant. Seeds of herbaceous plants sown now will come up well, and, if transplanted before they become crowded in the seed-boxes, will make strong plants to set out in spring. Most of them will flower next summer, although some will not do so until the second year, no matter when they are sown, while seeds of Iris, Paeonies, Hellebores, Dictamnus and others take at least three years before flowering size is reached, and, indeed, if these are not sown as soon as gathered they often remain dormant a year before germinating, so they should always be sown as soon as ripe, when this is practicable.
We commence propagating Carnations about the tenth of January, this being a good time to root them, and the weaker growing sorts, such as Lizzie McGowan and Grace Wilder, are secured first. There is a tendency in the flowers of this latter kind to come streaky in color, and this may be avoided to a great extent by taking all cuttings from the plants that do not show this tendency. Daybreak is now recognized as a standard kind, but to secure well-shaped plants at lifting time, cuttings should be taken as late as possible, and as Daybreak roots more easily than any kind I know, it is possible to take cuttings as late as May and to have fine plants at lifting time. Carnation cuttings do not like sunshine or drought; plenty of water, shade and gentle bottom-heat will secure success.
Among greenhouse plants, Ericas, Boronias, Dipladenias, Luculia gratissima and Rubber-plants can now be propagated with more success than at any time; when Ficus cuttings are made we place the cut ends in dry sand to heal over for a few hours before putting them in the cutting-bench, and when the cut is thus healed very few fail to root. Bouvardias are best increased by root-cuttings at this time, and it is also preferable to raise new plants each year, as these give better flowers, though, perhaps, fewer in number. Peperomias make ideal plants for house-decoration, and a few leaves taken now and rooted in the same way that Begonia Rex is treated, will soon form useful material for use later on.
If seedlings of Ferns are coming up in various places in the greenhouses they should be carefully lifted and pricked off in pans, to be potted later; these make nice plants for jardinieres during the summer or to grow on. Adiantums do not come so spontaneously as many others do, and to secure a quantity of these a sowing of spores at this time will give a good supply. Old plants, divided into small pieces and started in the propagating-bench, will also make good plants, but they are never as shapely as seedlings are. The colored-leaved Dracamenas, when used for furnishing the house, soon lose their bottom leaves and become unsightly. If the tops are very highly colored, after making cuttings of them, they will root far better if placed in bottles of water than in sand, a little charcoal being added to keep the water sweet. The cuttings should be potted as soon as roots form, which will require about a month if the bottles are stood in a warm place. The stems may be cut in lengths of two inches, to be placed in a flat and covered with chopped sphagnum moss and sand. If the flat is placed on the hot-water pipes to get a good bottom-heat, every piece will grow, and these make the best plants, although they require a longer time than the tops. The tops are earlier in showing color. South Lancaster MA, E. O. Orpet. 31 January 1894
Chinese Primroses
Few plants have been taken in hand by old-time cultivators which yielded to improvement so readily as Primula Sinensis. We are forcibly reminded of this by the rediscovery of the wild plant in the mountains of Ichang by Dr. Henry and others, after the lapse of seventy years or more. In the original plant the petals are deeply lobed in the centre and perfectly smooth at the edges, but through the selective skill of the cultivator these features are eliminated, and in their place we have a perfectly round flower, the petals thick in texture, exquisitely fringed, and of almost every conceivable shade of color except yellow. It must be remembered, also, that all of this is due to training and selection alone, and none of it to hybridizing, for P. Sinensis has hitherto refused to cross with any of its relatives; that we have pure white, deep red, crimson, pink and lavender shades of this flower from the original color, and that a poor one is a result which helps us to appreciate what can be accomplished by patient striving with a definite aim in view.
At all events, we have secured a most useful winter-flowering plant within the reach of any one who can command the use of the most modest greenhouse. Our summer weather is rather too warm to be exactly adapted to the needs of the Chinese Primrose, but in a cold frame, placed in a shady position, the plants grow well during the hottest weather, especially if the sashes are removed at night to give them the benefit of the night dews. These Primulas are most useful from November to February, a period when there is always a dearth of good pot-plants in flower, and to have good plants at this time an early start must be made, so we always sow seed the last week in March. The seed germinates slowly, and often unevenly, so that it is best to take out the largest ones as soon as they are of sufficient size to be moved, and this will give the weaker ones a chance. For potting material, good loam, leafmold stacked one year and chopped fine, some material from a spent Mushroom-bed, and plenty of sand added, make a compost that Primulas, Cinerarias and Cyclamens delight in. It rarely pays to pot Primulas in pots larger than a six-inch size unless huge specimen plants are required. For such a purpose the most vigorous plants may be selected during summer and grown on as vigorously as possible. Plants from seed sown earlier than the date recommended often flower prematurely, and the colors are never good until the cool winter months, neither are they seasonable. As has been said already, a cool place in summer is desirable for the growth of Primulas, but on the approach of cold damp weather in fall it is best to remove the plants to a cool greenhouse where a temperature of at least fifty degrees can be maintained at night, with a rise of a few degrees by day. Careful attention to watering is essential during the dull months of winter, or the plants decay at the level of the soil.
The so-called blue Primulas are more delicate than those of other colors; so much so that to secure good plants it is best to sow the seeds at least a month earlier than the other kinds. More warmth, too, is required in the autumn months to do them justice; but any extra attention is well repaid for the shades of lavender showing up most attractively among the intense crimsons and pure whites. Special varieties are so numerous now that it is impossible to keep account of them, but we have been much pleased this season with Rosy Queen, a beautiful soft pink, the color being uniform and the foliage Fern-leaved. Gipsy Oueen is also distinct, having deep purple at leaf-stems and pure white flowers, a striking contrast that is noticed at once.
There is also an improvement in the double varieties one can obtain from seed, and these flowers last longer than the single ones, but are not so effective. A race of perfectly double Primulas was formerly cultivated and perpetuated by means of cuttings each year. These were known as Gilbert's strain, and very beautiful they were, but we do not hear much about them now, though I remember them as being very handsome, although not easy to propagate. We have heard much during the last two years of the " Moss-curled" section, varieties that have foliage much crisped at the edge, and are novel in this respect, but the flowers are poor and small, and neither single nor double. The single ones with plain foliage are far better for all purposes.
Chinese Primroses can be relied on to come true from seed if procured from good sources, and this is a great point in their favor. On the contrary, it is most difficult to obtain a good strain of Cineraria-seed. On one occasion I had such a strain, and attempted to perpetuate it by careful isolation and use of a camel's-hair brush, but the results did not warrant the attempt again. There would be a great demand for a reliable strain of Cinerarias if good seed could be obtained as readily as that of Primulas, Gloxinias, Cyclarnens and Calceolarias. South Lancaster MA, E. O. Orpet. 7 February 1894
Greenhouse Work
The busy period of spring potting and seed-sowing is rapidly approaching, and it is good practice at this time to get a quantity of soil ready for use, so that it may be in proper condition when it is wanted. Loam, leaf-mold and sand are the basis of our potting composts, with ground bone added for all such plants as are to remain in pots for a long period, as, for example, those that are potted annually. Hard-wooded plants do not like bone in the soil, and when potting Azaleas, Ericas, Boronias, greenhouse Rhododendrons and plants of like nature a separate compost is made up. It is a safe rule to follow, that plants of strong root-action need more loam and less leaf-mold, and vice versa.
Of the stock of Amaryllis all that are starting have been repotted, as also all the seedlings of the past year. Those that are still dormant are left until later, so as to provide a succession of bloom. The Amaryllis which are evergreen do not need so decided a period of rest as the deciduous varieties; this is the best time to repot these before root-growth commences.
Gloxinias have now started. The largest plants should be potted on, to be followed later by other plants as they require it. The worst enemy of the Gloxinia is thrips; where these get a footing all chance of bloom is lost, and the trouble is often unsuspected until too late to remedy it the same season. The white Orchid-thrips are the worst to get rid of. Continued fumigation sometimes proves a remedy, but this cannot be done after the flowers open, or some of them will be spoiled. We intend this season to dust the plants frequently with tobacco-powder during the earlier stages of growth.
In a few days we shall begin to pot all the warm-house plants. Crotons, Dracaenas, Marantas and other foliage-plants will all be looked over, cleaned when this is necessary, and repotted. When this work in the warm-house is finished it will be time to begin to pot the plants in the cool-house. These are better potted on a month later, as growth does not begin as early as it does in the warmer house. Where Nepenthes are grown, and they have ceased to produce pitchers on the last-made leaves, the plants must be cut down to within an inch or two of the base. If less water is applied for a week or two, new growths will soon start, and these will develop their characteristic pitchers. If the soil is in poor condition the plants should be shaken out and potted in a compost of sphagnum-moss and fern-root. A mixture such as is used for Cypripediums is best for them. Cuttings of Nepenthes may be rooted in a brisk bottom-heat if they are taken off at this time and put in small pots, with moss and fern-root tied round the base of the cutting to keep it firm. From two to three months are usually required to establish the roots, and after this the plants grow rapidly.
Young Cyclamens from seed sown last fall should now be large enough to pot off into small pots. The smaller the pots, the better to start with, for Cyclamens are very impatient of overpotting at any season, and more especially at this time of year. The soil should be made porous, and plenty of sand must be added or a little powdered charcoal. Charcoal is always a desirable addition to potting-soil, or soil for seedsowing, as it keeps it both sweet and loose. Old bulbs of Cyclamen when past flowering should not be dried off. This is sometimes done to the great injury of the bulbs for the next season's use. They may be placed under the benches, not altogether out of sight, and water must be supplied as long as the leaves remain. In spring a cold frame will suit them well. If leaf-mold is sifted over them so that the spaces between the pots are filled up, and about an inch of soil put over the bulbs themselves, little water will be needed, but In wet weather the sashes must be put on. By June some of the bulbs will have started, and these may be taken out and potted, and the remaining ones treated likewise as soon as they start to grow. We have had good success with old Cyclamen-plants under this treatment.
A very useful plant to have in small pots is Asparagus tenuissimus. This species roots easily from cuttings. It is a good time to put them in now, and they will be rooted in about six weeks. A. plumosus will not root from cuttings, but must be obtained from seeds or layers. When the latter plan is adopted, care must be taken to let the end of the shoot remain out of the ground to continue growing; young plants will then start from each of the branches along the stem. South Lancaster MA, E. O. Orpet. 28 February 1894
Carnation William Scott
Those who are in search of a good pink Carnation would do well to try this variety; it is similar to Grace Wilder in habit, and resembles it in color, too, when at its best. There appears to be no tendency in William Scott to burst its calyx; the petals are beautifully fringed and the blooms are well built up in the centre. It has taken a long timne to produce a good Carnation that would take the place of Grace Wilder, but there are several candidates now that promise well, and hereafter there should be no excuse for ragged flowers or those poor in color. There is great difficulty now in knowing how to select from the many new ones sent out each year, and unless one has some knowledge of the history of a new kind, it is best to wait until it has stood the test of the first year after distribution. This plan, of course, would be bad for the disseminator, but would generally benefit the cultivator. New Carnations are either overpropagated when put on the market, or else extremely local in their good behavior, this latter trait even showing itself in the same town or locality. English-raised varieties seldom do well in this climate, but we are much pleased with Winter Cheer, tried this season for the first time; it is a good scarlet of bright color and does not turn dark as some do; the habit is dwarf and very vigorous; thus far no rust has attacked it. As a potplant it is the ideal variety, as the stems are stiff and need no support. South Lancaster MA, E. O. Orpet. 7 March 1894
Dendrobium Phalaenopsis Schroederianum
I have spoken of this valuable new plant in vol. vi., p. 467, of GARDEN AND FOREST, but I am prompted to say more of it now that the plants are in full bloom. This is not the usual period of flowering. Established plants generally flower in the dull autumn months and are very useful then, but those now in bloom were obtained last June as dried imported plants, and consequently started late. They all grew well, and every plant is now showing flowers. There is a wide range of color in the plants already flowered, some being dark and others pure white, with rose shadings over the petals and lip. The paler forms are cer tainly the more pleasing and seem to predominate. When this Dendrobium becomes fully established and makes a growth equal to that of the imported plants, we shall be surprised at the number of flowers to each spray. Full exposure to the sun in winter is necessary to mature the growth, especially where this has been made late, and also a position in the warmest house, with a minimum of sixty degrees at night. It is essentially a warm-house plant. Even when in bloom it does not do to move the plants to a cooler temperature, as the flowers soon spot and quickly decay from damp. Another point worth noting is that a very small portion of potting material is sufficient about the roots, at least until the plants become well established. We pot them in shallow pans with holes in the sides, and suspend them close to the roof glass. Thrips and red spider are very partial to the young shoots, but in the growing season frequent spraying will keep these pests in check and benefit the plants also. South Lancaster MA, E. O. O. 14 March 1894
Imantophyllum miniatum
This is a plant more often seen in old gardens than in those of recent origin; in other words, it is considered an old-fashioned plant. There are too many such that we rarely meet, although they are sometimes made popular by a sudden freak of fashion, and every one then sees how real merit has been unsuspected or forgotten. Clivia nobilis and C. miniatum are very old-garden plants, and under these names were much grown at one time, then almost forgotten, until a set of hybrids of improved color and size appeared to awaken fresh interest in them. Clivia is still the correct name, but as Imantophyllum has become so well fixed in gardens, it has been retained for every-day use.
The newer varieties are as yet quite rare, owing to the slow means of propagation, by division only, and the consequent high price. It also happens that as soon as they become known, the demand equals the supply, and this helps to keep the price high. It is easy to raise seedlings of a plant impregnated with its own pollen when in flower; it takes about a year, however, to mature the seed, and three or four years more to get the plants to flowering size, but it is interesting work, and gives one something to look forward to. The Imantophyllum belongs to the Amaryllideae, but will not cross with the Amaryllis proper. At least, such has been my experience, while others have succeeded in raising hybrids from Eucharis and Urceolina, both genera of the same order.
As decorative plants the Imantophyllums rank high. The broad, dark green, strap-shaped foliage is ornamental at all seasons, while the bright orange-red of the flowers, which are produced in the early spring months, are most useful, owing to their lasting qualities, distinct color and long stems. An ordinary greenhouse temperature of fifty degrees is best suited to these plants, though young ones may be nursed along in a warmer house. Strong sunshine is injurious even at this time of the year, and causes the foliage to lose its healthy dark green color and to become a sickly yellow. A shady position is, therefore, essential. We sometimes place them under the benches when not in active growth. Repotting is best done in spring, but the plants should not be disturbed often at the roots. A good sound potting-soil is best - a mixture of loam, made porous with powdered charcoal and sand, with a little bone-meal added as a fertilizer of long-lasting properties. Young growing plants require repotting annually, but those of flowering age may be examined once in two years, and this will be found often enough, unless the drainage is found to be at fault. South Lancaster MA, E. O. Orpet. 4 April 1894
Work in the Flower-garden
Protective coverings for flower-beds have not been of so much value during the past winter as in some seasons, owing to the heavy coat of snow that has remained on the ground all winter. The ground did not freeze at all in many places, and the growth of all bulbous plants will consequently be well advanced. To-day I examined some Lilies in the Rhododendron bed, upon which a mass of leaves had been placed, and growth above ground had already begun, so that great care was necessary in removing the litter. The same is also true of the Narcissus bed; formerly a covering for these plants was not thought needful, but some of the Spanish Daffodils do not come up strong after a hard winter, and we now cover the whole bed in the fall after the ground has frozen a little.
In this section but few plants have yet begun to move in the borders, but as soon as they do, any transplanting that needs attention should be done without delay. It is best to wait until plants start to grow before disturbing them, as they then start off more freely after the shift. Herbaceous plants raised under glass must be carefully hardened off before setting them out, for indoor treatment makes them tender.
In the cultivation of Hollyhocks, we find it best to raise a new lot each year and to set them out in their permanent places in spring in well-prepared soil. There is thus a chance to protect them in the fall; no loss is sustained from winter-killing, and there is little check from spring transplanting. After Hollyhocks flower once, they are easy victims to severe cold alternated with thaws, and they are not to be relied upon the second year. The sowing for the following year's display should be made in the latter part of July. The same treatment applies to Canterbury-bells and Pansies; these are now being transplanted to the open borders where they are to flower, and between each, later on, will be planted annuals, such as Zinnias, Asters, or Stocks.
The larger portion of our Japan Anemones are grown in pots for the greater security of the bloom in fall. These are stored away in a cool cellar, and they often freeze during the winter; this does them no harm, but checks very early growth in spring. They are all starting now, and will soon be taken outdoors where a little protection can be given them on cold nights. Tritomas (Kniphofias) are treated in the same way; this early start assures an early blooming season and escape from premature fall frosts.
Sweet Peas can never be sown too early, though the mistake is often made of sowing them too late. They should be put into the ground at once. It is often difficult to carry Sweet Peas through the hot season, as they are very susceptible to drought. This was our trouble last year, and in trying to avoid a repetition we have dug a deep trench, and after taking out the sandy subsoil, replaced it with clay and filled in with good manure mixed through the better top soil. With occasional watering, we hope in this way to overcome the effect of the hot weather. Great advances have been made of late years in the quality of Sweet Peas; the difficulty now is to know which kinds to choose out of so many. We never depend on novelties, but always take well-known kinds of desired colors, when results may be counted upon.
An old but fine bedding-plant, too seldom seen, is Perilla Nankinensis. The rich dark foliage makes a fine background for a wide border, and the color keeps good throughout the season. A packet of seed will provide a large number of plants, and it is as easy to raise as most annuals. The foliage is a rich dark purple, and it is beautifully laciniated.
Roses have wintered better this year than I have ever known them to do; few gaps need filling, and even such kinds as La France and Duchess of Albany are in good vigor without any protection whatever, though their lack of protection was an oversight last fall. Spring is the best time for making new Rose-beds. Experiences in fall planting, even of American grown Roses, have only served to emphasize this fact. Where large beds of hardy Roses are grown in the flower-garden it is always best to keep a few in the reserve border to supply any losses; these should all be lifted and replanted every spring, so as to keep their roots from spreading too much. Frequent transplanting will keep a Rose in fit condition to move for years, and this is especially true where they are wanted in fall for winter forcing in pots or boxes. Outdoor Rose-culture is rather discouraging at times; rose-bugs seem to get the upper hand each year, no mater what is tried by way of prevention, and I am satisfied there is no cure; nothing seems to avail except hand-picking.
Cannas take a prominent part in all outdoor flower-gardening, and their full value is only beginning to be recognized. The newer kinds that have appeared in the last year or two will give a great stimulus to their use; such sorts as Star of 1891, Madame Crozy, Alphonse Bouvier, Florence Vaughan, Captain Suzzoni, Charles Henderson, J. D. Cabos, Paul Bruant and others have rapidly made names for themselves, especially at the World's Fair last summer, where they made one of the principal horticultural features. Roots ought to be started now, ready for planting out in June; the best results are obtained when the roots are well established in six-inch pots before planting-time. There is then no delay after planting, and they quickly furnish the space they are to fill. Cannas also make ideal subjects for planting in tubs or boxes for summer use near the house. For this purpose only the dwarf large-flowered kinds should be used, taking care to have rich soil and to feed them liberally as the season advances, for they are strong feeders. South Lancaster MA, E. O. Orpet. 11 April 1894
Dendrobium Dalhousianum
This is one of the most vigorous of all East Indian Dendrobiums, and one of the most easy to grow; it is very free-flowering, too, since flowers are produced from the same stems for several years in succession. Our plants were obtained as newly imported dry plants. We have grown them for two years, and each year a quantity of racemes have appeared from the apparently lifeless stems that were made in India, where they had also flowered. The peculiar fawn-colored flowers have two rich maroon blotches on the lip, which renders them very striking even to any one not interested in Orchids. The plant requires the warmest house when in bloom, and a cooler place for a few weeks when growth is over. It is always late in finishing up the long stems in autumnn; our season is never too long for it, and, therefore, the resting period is shorter than with most Dendrobiums. The old stems should never be cut away until they are decayed and useless, for, as long as there is vitality in them, flowers will be produced in spring.
Fritillaria aurea
Last spring we took occasion to note the value of this early and beautiful spring-flowering bulb, and this, the second spring after planting, further proves its value for the open border, as it is perfectly hardy and needs no coddling. There was a fine colored plate of this Fritillary in the London Garden of July 23d, 1892, but the picture failed to do justice to the beautiful way in which the insides of the flowers are checkered with brown. It is also noticeable how the flowers vary, no two being marked alike inside, this probably being due to the fact that the bulbs are fresh from their native locality, the Taurus Mountains, in Cilicia, where it grows in alpine pastures. It is one of the earliest outdoor flowers with us, coming in with the first Narcissus. For its introduction we are indebted to Herr Max Leichtlin.
Double Hardy Violet
When all indoor Violets are past, and the single and double ones in the frames are about to finish flowering, the value of this variety when grown in frames becomes manifest. It is the darkest blue of all the varieties, is not liable to injury from disease, and is perfectly hardy even here. What the real name of the variety is I am by no means sure. It is known locally as the Cape Cod Violet, and has been sold as the double hardy Russian, but that it is an old variety which has survived its name appears fairly certain. It would be interesting to know what it really is. The only objection to it is that the stems are often very short, especially when grown outdoors, but this is easily overcome when grown in frames by encouraging a free leaf-growth. South Lancaster MA, E. O. O. 2 May 1894
Tulips
In a bed containing a number of species of Tulips, Tulipa Kauffmanni is the first to flower, and it is very distinct and beautiful. The large flower, borne on a short stem, is clear creamy yellow, with petals orange at the base, while on the outside they are bright crimson. There is no more distinct Tulip than this, and it is well worthy of cultivation where other species are grown. It should be more generally known that there are many of these Tulips that are both beautiful and hardy in the open ground, and that they will flower year after year when once planted. Of these we have the Parrot Tulips in quantity, T. elegans, T. cornuta (the Horned Tulip), T. Greigi, with prettily spotted leaves; T. Gesneriana and its many forms, T. Oculus solis (the Sun's-eye Tulip) and many others. We have several that are new to me, of which I hope to make note later.
The so-called Darwin Tulips belong to the late-blooming section, and they now look strong, with promise of good bloom later. Their chief value to us is that they come in so late in the season, and as they have very long stems they are useful to cut and put in vases for house-decoration. They are, if anything, hardier than the early-flowering section that are so much in use as bedding Tulips, and while the colors are not so gorgeous as those of the early single Tulips, they are much more varied and of softer hues. The term Darwin Tulips is of quite recent origin, though applied to a very old race of garden Tulips, heretofore known as Breeders, in the language of the old Tulip-fanciers. Once the value of these flowers is known, they cannot fail to become popular as hardy border bulbs, for in many respects they are capital plants for open-air culture in American gardens. South Lancaster MA, E. O. Orpet. 2 May 1894
Caladiums
Among greenhouse-plants grown for their foliage alone none are more beautiful than the ornamental-leaved Caladiumrns. They are most serviceable as house-plants during summer, as they last well, and do not require the constant changing that flowering plants do when used in the dwellinghouse. The more recent varieties of Caladiums, known here as the Brazilian kinds, are most beautiful, and I never remember seeing better ones than those exhibited at Chicago last year. Some of the sorts have little green in the leaves, the texture being thin and transparent, delicately tinted with rosecolor on pale creamy white grounds. These are very handsome, but liable to injury by exposure to the direct rays of the sun in the greenhouses. In Florida, I am told, these plants are hardy, and it seems that where Crotons can be used as summer bedding-plants, Caladiums may also be expected to do well and to make a good effect, if given a shady position and rich moist soil. In this state neither the Crotons nor Caladiums are a great success as outdoor plants, and cannot be grown as I saw them in Washington last year, where, in the Botanic Gardens, they were as happy outdoors as they are in greenhouses here. The nights are too cool here, even in summer, for them to be used successfully to any great extent.
This is a good time to obtain good dry bulbs of these plants if they can be started in a nice warm house and be grown on without a check. But if a good heat cannot be had early in the year, it is better not to start them until later on. A rich light soil is desirable; loam and the material from a spent Mushroom-bed, made porous with sand, makes a rich soil that these plants delight in. They will be greatly benefited by manurewater later in the season. In the fall, when the leaves begin to decay and show signs of ripening off, is a critical period, and the plants then require the same careful attention or the bulbs will not ripen properly. They must have a good sunny position, even when no longer ornamental and when all the leaves have died off. I find it is best to shake the bulbs out and store them away in dry sand in a warm place. Last year they were put in the boiler cellar, and they came out in fine condition this spring. A temperature below fifty-five degrees for any length of time is fatal to these highly colored and delicate varieties of later introduction. South Lancaster MA, E. O. Orpet. 9 May 1894
The Onion Maggot
We fought a losing battle with this enemy for several seasons until kerosene was tried, and we have had good crops ever since. Half a pint of kerosene is well mixed with a pailful of some dry material, preferably woodashes, but sand, sawdust, or even dry soil will do fairly well, and after the plants are well up and the trouble is at hand a sprinkling of this mixture along the rows about twice a week during the time the fly does its work will be found a sure preventive of the trouble. With us this is from the beginning of April to the end of May; after this there is little danger, as the onions are of a good size and not so liable to injury. South Lancaster MA, E. O. Orpet. 16 May 1894
Flower-garden Notes
In this most delightful season of the year herbaceous plants of all kinds are starting into growth, many of them with surprising vigor, and most of the hardy bulbous plants are in bloom. The Narcissus season is about past; only the later forms of the Poet's Narcissus are to follow, and these will not be over until after Decoration Day, at which time they are always highly useful. It is a matter of regret that the many new forms of Spanish Daffodils are so uncertain in their behavior. With us they promised well the first year, as the flowers were strong and of the most varied forms of any section, but the next season they did not do so well, and this year very few have put in an appearance. The conclusion that I have reached is that they are not to be depended on for our northern latitude, and intending cultivators should be cautious about planting them in any section until they have been fully tested. In sharp contrast to these Spanish kinds, the older and well-known sorts have been better and stronger than ever, and are among our choicest spring-flowering bulbs, as well as the most satisfactory. This is especially true of Countess of Annesley, all the bicolors, not omitting M. Foster, the latest of all in this section and as good as Emperor or Horsfieldii. The Incomparabilis varieties always do well, and so do the Leedsi and Burbidgei, for each have half the blood of N. Incomparabilis in their parentage.
Some very beautiful species of Tulip are now in bloom. Tulipa Greigi has been undisturbed for three years, and is as good as when first planted. It should be more often seen in the border, for it is one of the most ornamental of spring flowers. There came among the bulbs of T. Greigi a single bulb that has similarly spotted foliage and a bright yellow large flower, the outer petals of which are marked with crimson. This is unknown to me by name; it might be a yellow variety of the latter, but it is more robust, and I do not know of a yellow one being in commerce.
The Mertensia Virginica has been a pretty sight again this spring, and it seeds freely in the borders here. Young plants are coming up about the old plants and will soon have to be taken out, they are so plentiful. It is not often that this plant seeds in cultivation, or at least the plants do not usually come up spontaneously, but this may be accounted for in the fact that the borders are never forked over, all weeds being pulled by hand as the best way to avoid damage to the plants. This practice encourages the generation of self-sown seeds of all border-plants, and makes it easy to fill up gaps.
Paeonia tenuifolia is now in full beauty, and it is one of our best early spring flowers. Both the double and single varieties are good. They are rather scarce, and more expensive than the older herbaceous Paeonies, but are well worth having, as they soon form nice clumps and flower freely. The tree Paeonies will shortly follow, and these in turn will be followed by the herbaceous kinds. This is a well-marked period, for as soon as the herbaceous Paeonies open their flowers the rose-bugs will be here, and there will not be more than a day or two of difference either way. If these pests would but stay away a week or so, the Paeonies would have a chance to show their full beauty, but we know no way to prevent their coming.
Aside from the Funkias, there are very few good borderplants with variegated leaves that are hardy, or will keep their color all the season. An old plant, Centaurea nigra variegata, not often seen, would make a good edging to a border where such plants are desired. It is easily divided, and keeps its color throughout the season. Its habit is dense or tufted, the leaves being margined with bright yellow. If the flowers are kept cut off it improves the leaf-growth, and the blossoms are the least desirable feature, and easily spared.
Scabiosa Caucasica is a valued border-plant on account of its pretty lavender-colored flowers, a color rare in hardy plants. The plant is also rare in borders, due, I believe, to its dying out for some unknown reason. It has been suggested that S. Caucasica is a biennial, but it is a true perennial. It seeds freely, and a quantity of young seedlings generally spring up that will flower the same season if carefully transplanted in the spring. We grow our plants in a plot by themselves, as they are much used for cutting; at this time a quantity of seedlings are coming up.
Many hardy plants are of a very weedy nature, and insist on a great deal more space than was intended for them in the beginning. Many we could not well do without, so they must be forked out now when we can best determine a good place for them. The Achilleas, Monarda didyma, Spiraea lobata, Helianthus rigidus, Boltonias, Anemone Pennsylvanica and many others will suggest themselves as being offenders in this way. These need annual thinning out to keep them from appropriating the whole border. So much for permanent border plants; but we must now prepare for those of annual duration, for these are indispensable. Asters, Stocks, Zinnias, Gladioli, Mignonette and other old favorites will have to be dotted in to take the place of those that flower early and then die down. It is never safe to begin setting these out before the end of May in this section, but they should now be in readiness for planting then. Annuals should be carefully hardened off in cold frames. Cannas, Geraniums and all plants of this description pay well for a careful hardening off also, for if taken out of the greenhouse and put in the open sun they are apt to scorch and look rusty for a week or two after being set out. South Lancaster MA, E. O. Orpet. 30 May 1894
Sobralia macrantha
This is one of the oldest inhabitants of Orchid-houses, having been introduced to cultivation fifty years ago. It has been neglected in recent years, partly on account of shy flowering and partly in favor of other Orchids which take up less space in the greenhouse. Its reputation for shy flowering has not been altogether undeserved, but now that the wants of Sobralias are better understood as more species are introduced, there is no reason why they should not, with one exception, flower with as much regularity as a Cypripedium. We have a plant now bearing sixty-one flowering stems, and all of these are showing flowers. Last vear we had but one flowering growth on the same plant, and the reason is worth recording. Two years ago this Sobralia was wintered in thie warmest house, and did not flower, but kept on growing because it had no resting-period. Last winter the plant was placed in a cool house where Cinerarias and Primulas were grown, and the result is every stem is now flowering. The plant makes a fine appearance, and the flowers areas large as those of a Cattleya and very fragrant. The color is rich crimson-purple. Since the introduction of the lovely white-flowered Sobralias, there has been a decided interest taken in the genus. They are not so tall-growing as the older varieties, especially S. Cattleya, a species that has never been known to flower in cultivation, though it is said to be the king of the genus and of very robust habit. The Sobralias are natives of Mexico, Guatemala and various parts of South America, extending as far south as Peru. They require pot-culture, as they are terrestrial Orchids with thick, fleshy roots that reach out a considerable distance in the potting-material, if supplied with a suitable compost. South Lancaster MA, E. O. Orpet. 6 June 1894
Seasonable Garden Flowers
One of the earliest and best of the composite family to flower in the early summer is Helenium Hoopesii, a true perennial, a native of the western states from Montana to New Mexico. It is the best garden-plant of the genus, H. Bolanderi ranking next, and after it H. autumnale, a somewhat common species here in the eastern states, and a useful autumn-flowering plant.
Helenium Hoopesii is now coming into bloom, and makes a fine show, besides being a very useful plant for cutting and for house-decoration at this season. Seeds are freely produced in favorable seasons, and the plant is also readily propagated by division of the strong root-stock. The only drawback to its cultivation is the frequent attacks of white aphis on the roots. If, as often happens, the plant looks unhappy, and an examination of the roots reveals the fact that insects are doing the mischief, it should be transplanted into fresh soil after the roots have been.washed in an insecticide.
Cypripedium pubescens is in bloom again on the shady side of the Rhododendron-bed, where it has flowered for the past four years. It is doing better this year than ever before, in larger clumps, showing that it will increase in cultivation under proper conditions. C. spectabile is thrifty, also, in a similar situation. In a rich vegetable-mold, with shade and moisture, these beautiful hardy Orchids can be successfully grown in our gardens.
In the Rhododendron-bed the Lilies are also coming up strong. Every kind has appeared, even the newly planted Lilium giganteum and L. cordifolitim; though these will not flower this year, it is gratifying to know that they have taken kindly to their new conditions. L. auratum platyphyllum was sent to me as a variety superior to the old L. auratum and as a Lily that would increase year after year in the garden without any special care; all of this is true and worth making known, for most of us have had vexatious experiences with L. auratum. Bulbs of L. auratum are so cheap that it consoles one somewhat for the loss of them after the first flowering, but it is still unexplained'why they cannot be grown here during successive seasons as they are in Japan, and as most other kinds of Lilies are grown in this country. South Lancaster MA, E. O. Orpet. 20 June 1894
The Herbaceous Borders
The recent cool, showery weather has been most favorable to herbaceous plants, and I do not remember ever to have seen the borders look better than they do now, and there is abundant promise of growth and beauty during the next few weeks. The perennial Lupins have been, and still are, very showy. The variety grown here is L. polyphyllus, in various colors, from pure white through the different shades of lilac to deep purple. These are all seedlings from what was supposed to be seed of L. polyphyllus albus, but if the different colors are grown together, no one color can be depended upon to come true from seed. Lupins like rich soil, and do not bear transplanting when once established, and it is advisable to sow seed over again rather than transplant old plants. It has been told me that the common L. perennis, so plentiful here in a wild state, cannot be taken up and be made to live in a garden; this seems to be only half the truth, and that it is much easier to raise seedlings to secure the same results appears to be the other half.
The herbaceous Paeonies are just opening their first flowers, and, true to their past record, the rose-bugs arrived here the same day. It is a regret that we cannot enjoy these sumimer flowers more, and the question suggests itself, why are not the Tree or Mountain Paeonies more often seen? These have been fine for nearly three weeks, and the flowers are as handsome as the later herbaceous kinds, though, perhaps, of a more limited range of color, but they are much more rarely seen in gardens than the universally grown herbaceous kinds. There once was a suspicion that the Tree Paeonies lacked hardiness, but here, in one of the coldest parts of the eastern states, they thrive without any protection. It is true that these plants are not easy to obtain from dealers, but should the demand increase the supply will probably be equal to it,-as houses importing Japanese plants offer as many as fifty distinct varieties, and even propose to send colored plates of all these kinds for inspection and selection. Among such a large number of kinds there should be a good assortment of colors to relieve the monotony of the various shades of pink and rose usually offered.
Eremurus robustus, received last fall from Holland; has now a fine spike of bloom on the plant, and as the flowers open in succession, it will last several weeks. The pretty pale pink blossoms on a cylindrical spike about five feet high are really ornamental, and as the seeds are produced freely in this cli mate, there is no reason why the plants may not soon be seen in many gardens. E. Himalayicus was also planted, but this year it has made two crowns, and in consequence has not flowered; but another year it will be a fit companion plant to E. robustus. No special care appears to be needed in their cultivation. The thick fleshy roots are produced in a whorl from the crown, and these need to be carefully placed in the soil. No covering was given as a protection to our plants, though this was due to an accident, since heavy snow fell before the work was done.
Lindelofia spectabilis is one of the best blue-flowered perennials in bloom now, and it has been good for some time past. This is one of the introductions of Herr Max Leichtlin, from whom we received the seeds. It is a near relative of the Anchusa, Mertensia and Borage. South Lancaster MA, O. Orpet. 27 June 1894
The Hardy Flower Garden
The Lupins are about past, and the only remaining relative is Thermopsis Caroliniana; this would pass for a yellow Lupin to a casual observer when in bloom, but the resemblance ends with the flowers, the foliage beihg entirely distinct. Gray tells us that the name Thermopsis is taken from Greek words meaning resemblance to a Lupin, and the species under note is a native of the mountains of North Carolina. To the gardener the plant is of interest for its bright yellow blossoms and tall habit, for when fairly established it grows tall enough to be put at the back of the widest border, and, like all plants of the family Leguminoseae, should never be disturbed when once planted. It is preferable to start with a small plant or seed rather than to plant larger roots that resent disturbance.
We have had a plant under the name of Baptisia exaltata in the garden for several years, and it is quite the best of all the Baptisias. It is a tall-growing kind, as tall again as the better known B. australis, with flowers proportionately larger and of a brighter blue. It is a fine garden-plant. The seed came originally from Kew, and -B. exaltata appears to be well known in England, but, though the genus is North American, I fail to find any reference to it in any of the text-books at hand. It may be of garden origin, but those having access to Sweet's British Flower Garden can possibly ascertain more about the plant, as it is figured in that work.
Thalictrum Fendleri is the showiest of all the Meadow Rues when in bloom, though the foliage is not so finely cut as some of the others. It is very rare in cultivation, and is a native of the Rocky Mountains. In habit it is not so tall as the common Meadow Rue of the eastern states. It seldom exceeds two feet in height, and is remarkable for the beautiful white flowers that are profuse in their season. Our plant has formed a nice clump now, and is a pretty object every summer at this time. T. Fendleri is one of the choicest border-plants; and it is a pity that it is not more often seen.
The Centaureas have a rather bad reputation as border plants, and few are really good, especially those of perennial habit. C. Ruthenica is a notable exception, being elegant in all its ways. Our plants were obtained from seed supplied by Haage & Schmidt, of Erfurt, but the plants produce seed sparingly each year now that they have begun to bloom freely. C. Ruthenica is one of the most beautiful hardy-foliage plants; the leaves resemble those of the Cocos Weddeliana, being finely cut and of a deep green color. The flowers are pale yellow in color and last some time in blossom. Our plants are seldom out of flower during the next two months from this time. It is one of the uncommon hardy plants that are well worth having; judging from the name it is a native of Russia.
Salvia argentea is not usually regarded as a hardy perennial plant. It is often treated as an annual for the beauty of the foliage, which is covered with a silky down; under this treatment half the beauty of the plant is not seen, for it is the finest hardy Salvia of all when in bloom, and when not flowering it is worth having for its foliage alone, as already stated. We have had it in the garden for three years and it has taken care of itself in common with the other plants. It was originally planted for the one season's effect, but it has lived through each succeeding winter, bloomed regularly, and is now beautiful. The flowers are pure white on large branched panicles. It is much superior as a garden flower to S. pratensis, or even the so-called hardy native species S. Pitcheri and S. farinacea, all of which are tender in cold seasons. South Lancaster MA, E.O. Orpet. 18 July 1894
Garden Strawberries
More trouble is often taken in planting the Strawberry bed for home consumption than is really needed. It has been our experience that a bed is not profitable after it has borne fruit two years, and therefore it is hoed over at this season, and late Cabbage and Cauliflower are put in the place after the soil is well manured and dug. At the same time the plot from which crops of early Beets, Beans, Turnips and Lettuce have been taken is prepared for the annual planting of a new bed of Strawberries, and in this way no ground is left idle at any period during the summer, and the greater portion of it produces two crops. As soon as the crop of fruit is gathered, the best runners are all taken and layered in pots plunged in the soil between the rows, and in about a month these are ready to be taken and set out in the new bed, where they are kept watered for a few days and well hoed through the autumn months, all runners being picked off as they appear. These young plants make strong crowns in the three months of growing weather, and never fail to give us the following summer a full crop of large-sized fruit - larger, indeed, than we can get from the bed that is two years old, but not in such quantity. It is the old bed, therefore, which furnishes the fruit for preserving, while the young one supplies the table.
Where the Strawberry-weevil is troublesome it is a wise precaution to set the plants three in a hill, in a triangle, about a foot apart, but since adopting the plan of limiting a bed to two crops we have had little difficulty from this pest, and we set the rows straight. Some twenty-two kinds have been tried here in four years, and we have settled down to three kinds that are all to be relied upon here to be of good flavor and sure crop-Michel's Early for the first, Parker Earle for the main crop, and Gandy to produce fine dessert fruit. Some day we hope to try the Marshall; it is a wonderful Strawberry, but times must be better, or the Marshall Strawberry cheaper, before it can be planted to any extent. South Lancaster MA, E. O. Orpet. 25 July 1894
Perennial Sweet Peas
Now that the annual varieties of flowering Peas are so popular as garden-flowers, the thought occurs that those of perennial duration are also among the best of garden- quickly ruined by the attacks of the green aphis. After the plants that are easy of growth, and they do not require half the care and attention that is necessary to get the best results from the annual sorts. All of these hardy kinds can readily be raised from seeds, but where a special variety is wanted, or perpetuated, it is best to rely on cuttings taken in fall after the flowering period is past, or early in spring from cuttings taken from old plants stored in the greenhouse for that purpose. An old root will furnish a large quantity of good cuttings, and ninety per cent of these will root and flower the same year if planted in the open ground. Peas, in common with all others of the Pulse family, require a good soil, one, above all, that is moist in summer, or that can easily be watered in such dry weather as we are suffering from now.
The most useful species, so far as we have found, is Lathyrus latifolius; it is also the most often seen in gardens along with its white variety called Albus. The latter is a valuable garden-flower, specially useful for florists and others who require white flowers in quantity in summer, as there are frequently five and six flowers to each stem, and these last well when cut. There is a variety of L. latifolius called Splendens which may be regarded as the best type, but one that cannot be depended upon to come true from seed. In this respect it resembles the white form, so that it is best to obtain plants instead of seeds of these two kinds. It is rather unfortunate that there should be a mere variety called Splendens when there is such a fine species of the same name.
It has more than once occurred that when trying to obtain the latter the other has been sent instead, and the error was not discovered until after considerable time had passed. I am in serious doubt whether this Californian L. splendens is really hardy in the east, for it never seems to have survived the winter here.
There is another good species called Lathyrus grandiflorus or biflorus. It is the largest of all in size of individual flowers, but it rarely happens that there are more than two flowers on a stem. It is quite hardy, a good perennial, and should be grown where the others are appreciated.
Lathyrus sylvestris is also a perennial plant, but much inferior to all the others named. In habit it resembles L. latifolius, but the flowers are smaller and paler in color. Of L. tuberosus, we have had a good opinion for several years. It is the smallest grower of all, the vines being very slender, and produced from a tuberous root not unlike a small potato. It also has the peculiarity of coming and going as it pleases; sometimes it is in one place, and then in another, as it spreads from the roots, but not to such an extent as to make it objectionable, for the flowers are very pretty and abundant, though small. It is a plant that will take care of itself in a semi-wild situation, and be sure to flower every year. It never grows more than two feet high, though it requires support, as do all the others, and this is best afforded by planting near a fence or even against a building, where the shoots may be trained upon wires. If grown in borders the plants must have a few Pea-stakes neatly set for their support; but a semi-wild garden suits them, where they may ramble at will. South Lancaster MA, E. O. Orpet. 5 September 1894
Kniphofias
Some two years ago we were favored with two packets of Herr Max Leichtlin's own hybridized seeds of these Torch Lilies, and though some flowered last year, the majority are in bloom for the first time this season. We have heard a good deal lately of the advances recently made by this noted raiser of choice hardy plants in the varieties of Kniphofia (Tritoma), and those now in bloom here go far toward illustrating the fact that the old introduced species are surpassed in vigor and beauty by these garden hybrids. There is a species called Kniphofia Leichtlinii, which comes from Abyssinia, and is very different from all other kinds, being deciduous, of dwarf habit, the tube of the flower shorter than usual, and the stamens and anthers being exserted, so as to give the spike an appearance quite distinct from all others. Another peculiarity is that the blossoms commence to expand from the top of the spike down, reversing the order of all other species that I have seen, and it is an advantage, as the spike is fully developed before the flowers begin to open. In the hybrids mentioned a large number are the result of crossing K. Leichtlinii with the older and more robust growers, and we have a distinct gain in every way in larger spikes of bloom and in varied colors. They still retain the deciduous habit, and this enables us to lift and store them in a very small space in the cellar in winter, there being no foliage to keep green. The hybrids with this parentage are easily discerned in fall, for after the first frost the leaves all turn yellow and mature at once, so that the plants can soon be lifted and stored, for in this section none of the family is hardy enough to stand the winter.
The parentage of the other seedlings is difficult to trace, but there are very few poor ones among them all, and some are of great beauty; one especially, now in bloom, has a flowerspike over a foot long, with four side branches, the flowers being of a clear bright yellow, with no red shading, while others are of the brightest possible vermilion-red.
Kniphofias have a distinct place in the flower-borders that they are well qualified to fill. At this period there are few plants in bloom among true herbaceous or hardy plants, the month of August being the poorest of the summer months, and this is when the Torch Lilies begin to come into bloom, and they last until frost has killed all outdoor bloom. In very favorable years we can harvest seeds, but more often they do not mature satisfactorily, but seeds can easily be purchased, and these germinate readily in the greenhouse in spring; the older plants may easily be divided when it is desirable to increase any particular variety, for we have found that seed cannot be relied upon to come true if saved from plants among a mixed collection, the flowers being a great attraction to insects, and in this way they become crossed. South Lancaster MA, E.O. Orpet. 19 September 1894
Seasonable Work
We are passing through a period of unparalleled drought in this section and it has been a difficult matter to keep plants alive. When rain comes it will probably be abundant, but the planting season will be a short one this fall, and all preparations should be made for it, so that no delays may occur after the needed rainfall. It is useless to lift plants or trees when the soil is so dry that it will not stay on the roots, and it is likewise useless to plant in dry soil, even if it is watered after planting, for it is difficult to soak a dry, parched soil, especially after it has been disturbed. A year ago we transplanted a large number of evergreens at this season, with such satisfactory results that we shall hereafter move any of the hardy trees and shrubs, especially the Conifers, in autumn. Magnolias are best moved in spring, as are also Rhododendrons, though we are preparing the beds for these now that there may be no delay in spring when the plants arrive. For the Rhododendrons we are using soil from a piece of intervale land that was formerly submerged; it is of a black peaty nature and was laid up some years ago when drains were cut through, and is, therefore, well sweetened by exposure to the weather. With the addition of leaf-soil and the natural loam this will make a good soil for the finer-rooting shrubs, such as Rhododendrons and Kalmias. All the Conifers like a strong soil, with plenty of manure added; the latter heightens the color and induces vigorous growth as nothing else will, provided there is sufficient moisture in the natural soil.
The planting of herbaceous plants in autumn is equally important, and the soil should be prepared for them at once. As these are to remain permanently they need liberal treatment to insure good results for a long time to come. If the location is a poor one, and the natural soil lacking in depth or moisture, it is well to prepare the place by digging double the usual depth and mixing in, as the work proceeds, plenty of manure and good soil. Perhaps readers may tire of this constant insistence upon the necessity of furnishing the roots of plants with abundant food in such a form and under such conditions that it is readily available for their use, but this is the only way to get any comfort out of a garden. No matter how rare or costly or beautiful a plant is, its first charm is that of vigorous health, and when starved and stunted it can never be anything other than an object of commiseration. A few plants well fed and well cared for will prove far more satisfactory in the end than ten times as many carelessly handled. Our greatest trouble here is from the encroaching roots of large Elms which grow near the borders. Sometimes we have to lift all the plants in the large borders and cut off the Elm feeders which spread throughout the bed. This has to be done at least every two years to be of any service, and the borderplants have only time to get established before it is necessary to lift them again. A rule to be rigidly remembered is, never to plant a border of flowering plants near Elm-trees, or, indeed, any other large trees, for there is sure to be injury to the plants sooner or later.
Bulbs may be planted now, and Lilies especially should be put into the ground at once, so that the set of roots made in fall may become well established. Lilies are never inactive, but soon after flowering is the most suitable time for transplanting, since directly after the flowers fade a new set of roots is sent out from the base of the bulbs, and on these depends the strong growth that is to produce flowers the next year. If planting is delayed until spring the bulbs have a double task to perform - that of getting established and of maturing the flowers; bad results are more likely to be seen the second year after planting than the first. American-grown bulbs are preferable to those grown in Holland, where the growers lift the Lilies and subject them to a system of drying before shipping. The effect of this treatment is seen in the pink tint the bulbs usually have on arrival here, and with every particle of the roots cut off many bulbs die before getting established. The Japanese know their business better, and encase each bulb in a clay covering; they are then closely packed with dry soil sifted in between. Japanese bulbs come here in fine order, often with a mass of live roots ready to start into growth as soon as they are planted, and losses are thus reduced to a minimum.
Those who intend to plant permanent beds of Tulips should now prepare places for them. The new Darwin Tulips are a decided acquisition to the garden, perfectly hardy, of rich coloring, having stout stems for cutting, and they will flower year after year. The Parrot varieties are also admirable in the border, but are not so good for cutting, owing to their weak stems; the colors are brilliant, with unique and fantastic shapes. Our Parrot Tulips have flowered for three years in the same bed without disturbance, and promise to do equally well next season. South Lancaster MA, E. O. Orpet. 10 October 1894
Orchid Notes
Epidendrum Godseffianum
This is the newest addition to the genus Epidendrum which has been brought into cultivation, and it is named in honor of the manager of the great establishment at St. Albans, from which so many fine things have been distributed. The plant came in with large importations of Cattleya labiata, and from this it is safe to assume that the treatment adapted to this Cattleya should also suit the Epidendrum, and so it has proved with us here. Epidendrums are the oldest of known Epiphytes, and at the beginning all such were called Epidendrums by Linnaeus, but, as material came in, it soon became evident that a division was necessary, for even Dendrobiums were included, until at least nine species were known to science at the time the name was given by Swartz, himself a pupil of Linnaeus. Epidendrums, as a class, are not much in favor with cultivators, there being but few that are showy enough to meet the popular demand at the present time, and it is to be feared that E. Godseffianum will not be much sought after, unless the fashion changes. The flowers, about an inch in diameter, are produced sparingly on long branching stems, and all their parts are of a pale olive green, except the lip, which is white, faintly lined with purple. This Epidendrum is a very free grower when placed on blocks, with a little moss to hold the moisture about the roots. It is not easy to place the plants in pots as the bulbs have a habit of ascending as they grow each year one above another, evidently on trees in their native country, Brazil.
Laelia praestans
Last fall we received a number of small pieces, newly imported, of this dwarf-growing Laelia, and as they seemed to possess but little vigor they were all pegged on to a piece of Fern-root, hung up in the cool house and left to take their chance. All that was done was to spray them occasionally with the hose; they started at once, remaining in the cool house until a little heat was necessary to complete growth in the middle of winter, when they were removed to the Cattleya house until spring. Then a new growth commenced, and this is now producing a number of flowers, many of the bulbs having two-flowered scapes, and others one each. They are still in the cool house, but will be removed after flowering, to complete their growth and ripen. Laelia praestans belongs to the L. pumila section, of which it and L. Dayana are regarded as being mere varieties. L. Dayana flowers a few weeks sooner than L. proestans, the flowers are smaller, the lip is richer in color and they both thrive under the same treatment, that is, a cool house in summer and a little more warmth in winter. It is a pity that L. praestans is not more common in collections; it has always been rare in a cultivated state, but is, perhaps, more often seen in this country than in Europe. The flowers are very large in comparison to the size of the plant itself, the leaf and bulb do not exceed four inches in length, while the flowers are over three inches across, round in outline, owing to the breadth of the bright rose-colored sepals, while the lip is a rich purple in front. It is worthy of remark that the plants have thriven on the block of Fern-root far better than if they had been put in small pans or pots, where, in hot weather, the trouble of keeping them watered is considerable. The roots have penetrated a mass six inches in thickness, and are fast appearing all over the block.
Dendrobium Phalaenopsis Schroederianum
There is little danger of noting too often or commending too highly this plant, with its free growth and flowers of varied and beautiful coloring, ranging from rich dark purple to the most delicate tint of pink, and produced on long and gracefully arching sprays. We now have more than fifty plants justcoming into bloom, and the growth made this past season is of the kind to make glad the heart of the cultivator, for it is a great deal stronger this season than last. Old bulbs that flowered several years ago are now pushing flower-spikes again, even though they have traveled more than half round the world. It is quite a common occurrence for young plants to be produced from the upper parts of the old bulbs, and these can be taken off when matured, and if potted in small pots or pans and suspended in a warm house they soon make good flowering plants. We have many that were taken off last spring, and all are now about to bloom; for this reason it is safe to say that this Dendrobium will never be lost to cultivation. The smallest-sized pans are the best to grow the plants in, as we have found that if the material becomes the least sour or overwatered the young growths soon rot off in dull weather in summer. It is risky to water them overhead in the growing season for this same reason, except in the morning of a very hot day, when quick evaporation is assured. D. Phalaenopsis is essentially a warm-house plant, and those who do not have a house that can be kept at a minimum of sixty degrees in winter had better not try many, or loss may occur. It is best to suspend the plants to the roof where the air is more buoyant, and the snails are then easily kept away from the roots; wood lice should also be looked after in the flowering season, as we find that they sometimes eat the blossoms themselves. South Lancaster MA, E. O. Orpet. 24 October 1894
Violets
These plants should all have been housed and well established by this time, and possibly flowering freely for the past month, as ours have been. One of the best features of the Lady Hume Campbell Violet is that it may be brought to good condition by the middle of September every year. Violet plants are now making a quantity of runners, and it is the custom to pick them off and throw them away, depending on those produced in the spring for the propagation of stock for next year. A better way, and one that we have practiced successfully for some years, is to save all of the last crop of runners made in the fall and to put them in flats, in a mixture of equal parts of sand and leaf-mold. The flats should be placed in a shady cold frame, where they soon take root, and where they may remain until next May - that is, until planting out time. Several advantages result from this plan; the Violet plants that have been kept and forced to produce to their utmost either in frames or houses are weakened thereby, and are unfit for propagation, and may be thrown away. The stock we have in frames is never subjected to fire-heat, and the plants are sometimes frozen for several weeks at a time, but this does not seem to hurt them if they are not thawed out until the weather has moderated. Cold-frame space is also of less value than that of a heated house, where all spring propagation must of necessity be carried on, and this would be quite an item in a large establishment of a commercial grower, where it is necessary to handle the young stock several times. But the principal point in favor of this plan is that the young stock is strong, sturdy and not predisposed to disease, and, as a matter of fact, we have never had any disease on plants treated in this way. I am speaking now of the newer Lady Campbell; it has long been impossible to grow any of the Marie Louise in this locality, but our plants this year are a picture of health and better than ever before. This seems to be largely due to the variety used and to fall propagation, but getting them into their winter quarters by the last of August is important. Our heavy night dews about that time favors the spread of the dreaded spot, for which there is as yet no cure, if the attack is a bad one. South Lancaster MA, E. O. Orpet. 14 November 1894
Plants under Glass
The inactivity among greenhouse plants, which is very plainly seen during the dull period which follows the Chrysanthemum season and continues until the new year, ought to be encouraged by every cultivator. Less moisture is needed in the houses then than at any other time, and temperatures must be kept down to the winter level, especially at night. It is not only a waste of fuel, but a waste of the energy of the plants, to excite them into growth. When such premature movement occurs plants will start late in the spring instead of making a vigorous growth after the resting season. Many plants in the warmer houses are evergreen, and show no appearance of being at rest even in the depth of winter, but they are, nevertheless, inactive, and they must be treated accordingly, and not urged into growth.
Climbing plants of all kinds are now resting, and for the most part may be cut back, so as to let in all the light on the other plants, for while shade is desirable in summer, it is detrimental to the last degree in winter. Before cutting plants back it is well to keep them dry for a week or two, when there will be less bleeding or loss of sap, and the cuts will heal over more quickly. Dipladenias, Allamandas, Bougainvilleas, and all plants that flower from the wood made the same season, may be cut back hard, so as to encourage a strong start next year, from as near the base as possible, but Stephanotis, Inga pulcherrima, tender Jasmines, climbing Roses, and plants that flower on the growth made the preceding season, must have only the weak shoots thinned out, so as to give the stronger shoots a chance to ripen and bloom well next year.
The hybrid Amaryllis, or Hippeastrums, as they are now called, are now without foliage, and should be kept dry for about three months, or until they begin to grow again. Most of the roots are lost each season during rest, but if a strong growth has been made in summer the flower-buds will be matured in the bulb and ready to develop as soon as the plants are repotted and the roots are formed. There is a great future for these splendid flowering bulbs when they are better known. Very little heat is required to grow them if they are started as late in the spring as possible and put into frames to mature after flowering time in summer.
Achimenes have become indispensable to us, and contribute no small part to the summer display. There is sometimes difficulty in wintering the bulbs. We shake them out of the soil they are grown in and place them in dry sand in a warm part of the potting-shed, and have had no trouble with them. Care must be taken that they do not start to grow prematurely in spring before they are placed in soil, or the young shoots will get a severe check at starting-time. All the ornamental-leaved Caladiums should be treated in the same way as soon as the leaves dry off, for if they are left in the pots they grew in during the summer they are very liable to decay at the base of the bulbs; and if the soil becomes damp where they are stored in winter, decay also follows. It is, besides, a great saving of storage-room if bulbs are shaken out in this way, and this is an important consideration in many instances. If there is decay in any of the bulbs the diseased part must be cut way and the sound parts washed, dried and a handful of powdered charcoal placed under the bulb when it is put into sand.
Gloxinias and Begonias are best wintered in the pots in which they grew in summer, if room can be found to store them, but, failing this, they may be placed in sand in flats. A temperature of fifty degrees will be found a safe minimum, or ten degrees lower than Caladiums can safely endure, as these are most sensitive to cold both when growing and at rest. So many Chrysanthemums are now considered indispensable even to private gardens that it has become a problem how to store the stock-plants after they have bloomed, so as to get strong cuttings in spring. Those wintered in the greenhouse are apt to become weak and drawn. For several years after cutting down the plants we have placed the roots in cold frames, arranged together, each sort being carefully labeled. They are covered with mats in cold weather; the roots are sometimes frozen for weeks at a time, but this never hurts them, and a strong start is obtained in spring. We sometimes have to top the plants and take the second crop of cuttings in May for large blooms grown on a single stem.
Japan Anemones and Lilies that are grown in pots for decorative purposes should now be placed in a cellar for winter. If a little frost reaches them it is all the better for these plants, as it will prevent a too early start in spring, and when the weather is warm enough in spring they can be placed directly out-of-doors. The bushes of Lavender, Tritomas and plants of doubtful hardiness are heeled in sand in the same cellar, but Hydrangeas must be placed where no frost will reach them, or the flower-buds are liable to be killed. Canterbury-bells, Hollyhocks, Pansies, Primroses and Foxgloves, all of which are doubtfully hardy here, must be stored in a cold frame, or, at least, part of them, so that there may be no chance of failure. If the Japan Lilies have not already been repotted this fall, it is high time they were seen to, as they root freely in fall after the old flower-stems have died down, and will continue to make roots all winter if potted now. South Lancaster MA, E. O. Orpet. 28 November 1894
Lily-of-the-valley for Outdoor Planting
A well-grown lot of Lily-of-the-valley is seldom seen out-of-doors, and when these plants have any place at all in the garden they are usually relegated to some out-of-the way corner, where the roots of shrubs and trees appropriate the nutrition they need, so that there is only a meagre exhibit of flowers in May, when there ought to be an abundance of strong spikes. For some reason there seems to be a prevalent idea that imported German forcing-crowns are not hardy in the open border in this section of the eastern states. This mistaken notion is due to the fact that they are generally used in greenhouses, but no more suitable crowns could be obtained for outdoor planting than these specially prepared German crowns if they can be had early enough in the fall to be planted in the beds prepared for them. The situation of the bed is, perhaps, the most important point for insuring success; fully exposed, hot, dry situations are to be avoided, or failure is sure to follow. The beds should have a position where they are shaded through the heat of the day by overhanging trees or a building, or even a fence is sufficient to break the force of the midday sun in the heat of midsummer. There are few gardens that do not afford such positions, and the difficulty often is to know what to plant in just such places where grass refuses to grow, and many of the shade-loving plants become weedy and possibly difficult to eradicate when once established. If suited as to soil and situation the crowns need to be lifted every third year, and to be replanted over a larger space; otherwise the crowns do not develop fully, and the flowers are small. If it is not desirable to cover more than the original space the crowns can be used for forcing in winter, and will be found to give good results. The roots can be preserved without mutilation, and mats of them can be used which will give a better spike of bloom and more foliage than is usually obtained from newly imported crowns. The situation being decided upon, the soil should be dug out to a depth of one foot, and plenty of manure mixed with it, or if it is poor a better soil should be substituted. The bed should be filled in to the depth of six inches, and the crowns set about six inches apart each way, the roots being carefully laid out, since they do not penetrate deeply, but spread. After filling in the rest of the soil it is well to give a top-dressing of manure to protect the newly made beds from severe frost. The older beds we cover annually with a good coat of finely chopped manure as a fertilizer for the coming year. This is allowed to remain on the bed, and it is surprising to see the vigor of the foliage that pushes up through it in the spring, the blades broader than the palm of one's hand, with spikes of bloom in proportion, many with more than twelve bells to the spike. The chief danger to guard against is drought in summer; with moisture the Lily-of-the-valley will thrive in sand if well enriched. We are hearing a good deal now about the new Russian form of Lily-of-the-valley, and this strain is being tried on a large scale this year for forcing under glass. Whether it is a distinct form or whether it is obtained by extra cultivation is at present uncertain, but the introducers claim that these crowns are grown at the foot of the Hartz Mountains, and are altogether superior to the general stock in cultivation. South Lancaster MA, E. O. Orpet. 28 November 1894
Dendrobium Phalacnopsis
Mr. Watson's note in GARDEN AND FOREST for October 3ist, as to the home of this superb Orchid, is interesting, more especially since we were treated to such a fanciful story concerning its discovery in New Guinea. But is it not possible that the plant has been found by different collectors, both in that country and Timor Laut? Messrs. Veitch say distinctly enough in their Manual that the plant is indigenous to both islands, and, moreover, the flora of New Guinea is strongly influenced by that of the Indian Archipelago, of which Timor Laut is part. To the cultivator, however, this is not of much consequence, as the requirements of Dendrobium Phlalaenopsis are now pretty well understood, and are easily ministered to in modern greenhouses, as it is the easiest to cultivate of all the Australian group to which it belongs. Long sprays have been in bloom here more than three weeks, and the first flowers that opened are not fading yet, though some of the spikes carry as many as twenty of them. The secret of its keeping qualities are, however, due to the fact that it has been kept in the warm house wherein it grew, and that has kept moisture off the flowers. We have found that if the plant, while in bloom, is removed to a cooler house the flowers soon decay, and the same result happens if they are dampened. The flowers are most useful for boutonnieres, and a spray laid on Asparagus tenuissimus makes a rarely delicate combination. Asparagus plumosus is far too rigid to blend well with the blossoms. South Lancaster MA, E. O. Orpet. 19 December 1894
Greenhouse Work
We are now passing through the dullest part of the whole year, at least plants seem to improve less between the time of Chrysanthemums and the new year than at any other period. But this will soon be changed, for once in the new year the days soon lengthen, the sun gains power and work comes on apace. No work that can be done at this time should be neglected, for any headway made now is all clear gain when the busy season comes. All pots that have been used should be washed and stored away, each size separate. This seems hardly worth the telling, but we so often see a heap of dirty pots piled away, all sizes together, and most likely a fourth of them cracked or broken when they are wanted. We also make a practice at this season to get from the woods straight twigs for flower-stakes next summer. Cut and pointed at this time these are more durable than they would be if cut with the sap in them. After all, there is no plant-stake so inconspicuous as a young sapling, and the smallest twigs should be saved for staking Achimenes and other slender-growing plants. Such stakes as these are not of much value after one season's use and may be thrown away.
All bulbs that are stored away for the winter should be examined now. Begonias, Gloxinias and Amaryllis do not like a temperature lower than fifty degrees. We have had serious losses some years from too low a temperature, and on the other hand a relatively high temperature is harmful, because a proper season of rest is not allowed. Caladiums need a hot, dry place, and do well stored in a warm boiler cellar; if shaken out of the pots and put in dry sand, space is economized, and the pots can, meanwhile, be cleaned. Achimenes, too, can be treated in this way, but should not be kept so warm.
It seems early to begin propagating, but we always get in a few Carnation cuttings in December for early fall flowers. These are allowed to come in in the early part of October, or as soon as the outdoor supply of flowers is cut off by frost, the indoor Carnations not flowering until after the Chrysanthemums are past. Frame-grown Carnations are very useful in early autumn, but, to have them good, early propagation is desirable. We like to get in the main stock of plants for next winter bloom as near to the tenth of January as possible. The cuttings root readily then; they can be well hardened off after being rooted in preparation for transferring to the frames.
Small Ferns in most private gardens are a great help in all sorts of decorative work, but there is always considerable trouble experienced first in getting them, and afterward in keeping them small enough for dinner-table work. Last year we sowed a flat with spores of Adiantum cuneatum, and raised over a thousand plants. The spores were sown in January from fronds taken off old plants and laid in paper to dry; the flat was filled with the soil worked out of the Fernroots used for Orchid potting; the top was sifted very fine and well watered, and the spores sown the next day. All this is simple enough, but the trouble begins when the young plants are large enough to be transplanted into other flats; however, with care, the loss will be very small and the gain considerable. The varieties of Pteris are common enough as selfsown plants, and it is only with the rare kinds, that it is worth while to take the time and trouble to raise plants from spores.
If plenty of heat is at one's disposal it is better to get in cuttings of Crotons soon. They take some time to root, and will make fine plants in a season if the cuttings are taken early in the year and grown on rapidly. Crotons make fine decorative plants for the house and stand well in such conditions. They light up well and show most brilliant colors if grown with plenty of light in the growing season. They are not of much value in this state for outdoor decoration in summer, but farther south they are superb; I have seen them especially rich in color, in the city of Washington.
Seeds should now be selected from well-berried and shapely plants of Jerusalem Cherry, and sown the first week in January to produce good plants of a serviceable size for next fall. We have grown Benary's dwarf strain for several years, and these plants are most serviceable at this time of year. They are all thrown away when their season is over, and the older plan of cutting back and keeping over is superseded by sowing seed early and planting out-of-doors in summer.
Hybrid Roses that are wanted for early spring must now be put in a cool house, where the temperature does not exceed fifty at night for a start. We have adopted the plan of growing all in boxes now, and find this much the better way. It the plants have been two years in the same soil they may be taken out and planted in fresh material before starting them. The change does not cause much check if the work is carefully done, and if, as is most likely, the boxes are in an unsound condition. We are using Cypress lumber now for all boxes for use in the greenhodse. It is as cheap as good Pine and lasts much longer. South Lancaster MA, E. O. Orpet. 9 January 1895
Laelia autumnalis
Mexican orchids take kindly to our system of cultivation under glass. They flower freely, make satisfactory progress each year, and in many instances the bulbs made here are superior to those made in their native land. There are but few exceptions to this rule, Cattleya citrina being, perhaps, the most noticeable. Laelia autumnalis is one of our best autumn-flowering Orchids, and, among Laelias, ranks next in importance to the varieties of L. anceps. A few years ago a white-flowered form of L. autumnalis was unknown, but there is now a fine plant in the collection of C. G. Roebling, Esq., of Trenton, New Jersey, and as it appeared the other day it is worth going a long distance to see. There were two spikes bearing six flowers each, their color pure white, with no tinge of pink. This collection is especially rich in white forms of Cattleyas and Laelias, and no opportunity is lost to make it as complete as possible. Perhaps the best of the colored forms of Laelia autumnalis is the one known as L. atrorubens. This is a rich carmine, and fades less than the commoner kinds. They are all worth growing, since they last so long on the plant, although when cut the flowers of L. autumnalis and L. anceps keep poorly, presumably on account of the wiry nature of their stems. When left on the plant they may be enjoyed for three or four weeks. Laelia Arnoldiana seems to be little more than a well-marked form, probably geographical, of L. autumnalis, which it closely resembles. It flowers at the same time of year. All of these Laelias may be had in bloom at Christmas-time without any trouble.
Mexican Laelias like plenty of light in the growing-season; a very light coat of white lead, thinned with kerosene, and, if desired, tinted with chrome-green, is a good shading medium, as it comes off readily in the fall. A green-tinted shade is not so conspicuous in the landscape as a white one. If shade has to be provided early in the year, it is better to thin the white lead with turpentine, as this dries rapidly, and is not liable to be washed off by rain or evaporated moisture, as may happen when kerosene is used. In summer, when the kerosene dries quickly, this objection to its use does not hold.
We use no material but Fern-root for these Mexican Orchids. The resting period in winter, and the consequent drying out of the material, soon kills moss, if it is used, and makes it unfit for the roots, but if Fern-root alone is used, water can be abundantly applied all through the growing season, and with an airy house there is no trouble in growing these Orchids and in producing bulbs as large as are made in Mexico. South Lancaster MA, E. O. Orpet. 23 January 1895
Shall we have an Orchid Society?
To the Editor of GARDEN AND FOREST: Sir, Cypripediums are grown more frequently in American collections than any other members of the Orchid family, and they bid fair to become as popular for decorative purposes here as they are in Europe. Their flowers show great variety in form and color, and have lasting qualities that are unequaled. Some Orchids are favorites at once, but the taste for Cypripediums seems to be an acquired one, and one that usually comes after experience with other Orchids. Never theless, they are already so popular, and the raising of seedlings has become so general, that questions of nomenclature have become important. If the present ratio of increase here in new varieties continues long, we certainly ought to have some authority recognized on this side of the Atlantic as competent to give certificates of merit and stability of names to such seedlings or hybrids as are worthy of perpetuating. It seems to be unfair that our growers should be compelled to send material for such judgment to Kew, not only on account of the delay, but because of the difficulty in getting the material there in good condition. If we had an Orchid Society established here its certificates would add value to new plants raised here and give authority for naming them. Our growers of seedlings and hybridizers sometimes feel that they do not receive due credit for their work, and this would not be the case if such work were passed upon by a society of recognized rank, whose proceedings would be published, copied and spread abroad over all the civilized world. We should know little of the work done by amateur and professional cultivators in Europe were it not for the societies which give awards for this work, and these awards are, as a matter of course, published in horticultural periodicals. It seems evident that an Orchid Society here would do, to a certain extent, for American growers what similar organizations in Europe are doing for the producers of new and improved varieties in Cypripediums and other Orchids in Old World gardens. South Lancaster MA, E. O. Orpet. 6 February 1895
Treatment of Amaryllis
In visits to other gardens it is noticeable that the Amaryllis or Hippeastrum is more generally cultivated than heretofore. This is not surprising when one considers how easily they are grown, and the great improvement that has taken place of recent years in such strains as are sent out by Messrs. Veitch and others. Some visitors who were here recently were most enthusiastic in their praise of the display of Hippeastrums at the Chelsea Nurseries. The question was asked if they did not take a great deal of heat, and it was a surprise to them to find in the coolest house over one hundred flowering bulbs that had been raised from the strain they had admired when in London. We are trying a few this winter in the cellar to see whether it is possible to keep them there when at rest, and the experiment so far seems a success. If they can be kept in a cool cellar after the foliage has died off it will be a great gain of storage-room in the greenhouse.
It has been noted previously that the best way to obtain a good strain of Hippeastrum is to sow seed as soon as it can be had fresh, which is in August. As the germinating power is soon lost, it is best to wait until fresh seed is harvested, when it should be sown as soon as it arrives. If this has already been done, the young bulbs must be grown on without any check until they are two years old. The foliage will then dry off naturally, and the bulbs will be best kept perfectly dry, until there are signs of growth in the early months of the year. We have already picked out a few that were starting to throw up flower-spikes, but the majority of them are still at rest, and will remain so as long as we can keep them dormant, for we want them most during May and later.
After the bulbs reach flowering strength they are as truly deciduous as a Hyacinth, losing both foliage and roots each year. They must of necessity be potted in new soil as soon as signs of growth commence, to avoid check to the young roots just starting out. After potting, a warm greenhouse is all that is needed to keep them growing until the warmer days of spring have come. After flowering we put them in a frame out-of-doors to mature the growth, and give them all the sun and air in summer, since, being natives of South America, our sun in summer is not too much for them, and serves well to ripen and insure a good bloom the next year. It will be seen that it is necessary to grow these bulbs in the greenhouse on stages for three or four months only; the space occupied during that time is not such a great consideration when we take into account the decorative uses of the plants when in bloom. The most suitable soil is one that is rich and porous; we use charcoal freely, and loam, leaf-mold and a little manure, preferably that from the sheep-pasture, seems to suit them best. The bulbs should be potted in the soil to about half of their depth, leaving the upper half uncovered.
Thrips are the only enemies of these plants that seem to trouble the cultivator, and their ravages are soon apparent by the red color of the under sides of the foliage. We use Firtree oil to spray with when it is too late to apply tobacco-dust as a preventive; but it is best to keep a sharp watch and take this pest in time, when tobacco will be found an effective remedy. Amaryllis aulica has been used as one of the parents of some of the garden Amaryllis, with the result of a tendency in the plants to be evergreen. This is a disadvantage if the bulbs have to be stored under the benches, as these need a good light in winter. Many of the evergreen sorts are good, but they are excelled by those that have been obtained from the deciduous species, such as Hippeastrum vittatum, H. equestre and H. reticulatum.
It is too often the case that a plant after it has bloomed is put in some out-of-the-way corner, and left there until the time comes to store it for the winter. But a glance at the bulbs after thev have flowered will show that they are shrunken to about half their normal size, indicating loss of tissue. To replace this the plants should be plunged into some material o keep the roots cool and moist until the time comes to dry them off in fall. A spent hot-bed, old mushroom-bed material, or even leaf-mold, answers well, and there is not so much labor needed to water when the pots are plunged.
We find that very few bulbs need a pot larger than six inches. The young offsets that form after the bulb reaches the flowering size are taken off at each annual potting when they are large enough. Several of these are put in a pot and grown on until they are large enough to bloom. Sometimes an unusually large bulb is put into a seven-inch pot, but the majority are grown in the smaller size, which is sufficiently large and more easily handled than are the larger pots. South Lancaster MA, E. O. Orpet. 27 February 1895
Violet Notes
Much has recently been written on the Violet and its liability to disease, and it is generally admitted that there is no cure for the dread spot when once it has got well started. We have had considerable trouble in fighting off this disease, and have come to the conclusion that enough runners pulled off in the fall to supply plants required for the next year's crop should be kept in a cold frame all winter. In this way the stock will become strong and vigorous and better able to withstand the attacks of disease should this appear. Our plants are, in every way,- better this winter than we have ever had them before, and the crop of flowers is much larger. These plants have not been subjected to fire-heat for three generations, and we hope in this way to keep them altogether free from disease. It is not fair to subject Violets to the heat of our cool greenhouses even as they are kept in the spring months, and after the plants have been forced to produce big crops, to take off stock for the ensuing winter and subject this stock to the excessive heat of our summers. The boxes of cuttings are frozen for several weeks in severe weather in the frames, but if they have made roots in the fall this does not injure them in the least, and they remain there until planting-out time in May, thus saving much valuable time and space in the greenhouse in the busy spring months. The Violet known as the Farquhar is identical with the kind long grown, both here and in English gardens, under the name of New York, and it would be interesting to know more of its origin. That it is a sport from the well-known Campbell can scarcely be considered, it being in every respect a direct antithesis to that variety, and resembling much more the Marie Louise; indeed, it is hard to distinguish between Farquhar and Marie Louise as usually grown. If Marie Louise will do well, there is no other kind as good. Growers recently had an opportunity of noting their excellence when these flowers were exhibited in Boston by Mr. Mackay, of Framingham, Massachusetts. They had been grown in pots in a cool house and were of superb color, large size, and very fragrant. As long as such fine flowers can be grown there is still a future for the old Marie Louise. South Lancaster MA, E. O. Orpet. 20 March 1895
Lilies
The sooner work is begun in the outdoor garden the better it will be for many plants next summer. Many herbaceous plants begin to make root as soon as frost has left the soil, and this first start should, if possible, be made where the plants are to grow. This is especially true of Lilies, the fall planting of which is always desirable. But as a large proportion of the bulbs cannot be purchased until winter has set in, spring planting is often a necessity; the Japan Lilies, for example, have only recently been received. Japan and China have contributed to our gardens to a surprising degree, and much that has been credited to Japan has probably come from China, but has been received through Japanese channels. But, whatever their original home, we should seriously miss them from our gardens, and our Lilybeds would suffer greatly if deprived of the species from the east. Some of these do not last long with us, as in the case of Lilium auratum, which we rarely hear of as thriving for more than a season or two at most. I have certainly never seen it established like the varieties of L. speciosum. A Lily more generally seen each year, as its good qualities become known, appears to be a natural hybrid between L. auratum and L. speciosum, and is known as L. auratum platyphyllum, or L. auratum macranthum. It would pass for the true L. auratum in all respects but for its broad foliage, which is quite as broad as that of L. speciosum, and the bulbs live and increase year after year, as do those of L. speciosum, in our gardens. This Lily is more expensive than some of the other kinds at first cost, but once purchased it does not need to be replenished, and it blooms regularly every season. Another good hardy Lily is L. Wallichianum superbum, one of the most beautiful Lilies known, a native of the Himalayas. It promises to be popular, since it is easily propagated, rivaling the old Tiger Lily in ability to make young bulbs on the flower-stems at the base of each leaf, many of which will flower the second year. It is quite possible that we may yet see it grown in greenhouses as generally as the well-known L. longiflorum, which it resembles in some respects. The flowers are tubular, rosy-brown tinted outside, and white, with a rich yellow inside, that has given rise to the name L. sulphureum, which is now regarded as the correct name by authorities on Lilies. While this Lily has proved perfectly hardy in Massachusetts without any protection at all, it is better to give it the usual covering of dry leaves in autumn, as is the practice with other kinds.
Other new and beautiful kinds of Lilies of recent introduction are Lilium Alexandrae, said also to be of hybrid origin between L. auratumn platyphyllum and L. longiflorum. If it is really a natural hybrid some time must elapse before it can be disseminated in any numbers. The new L. Henryi, a native of central China, with the form and rich red spots of L. speciosum, is of a uniform rich apricot-yellow in color. At Kew this fine Lily is said to have proved hardy and strong, making stems over eight feet high, and producing as many as fourteen flowers on a stem. It increases rapidly under the same cultivation given to other kinds, and is, no doubt, a true species, having foliage resembling that of L. speciosum. This valuable acquisition suggests that the interior of China holds many beautiful plants desirable for our gardens as yet unknown to cultivation and to science. For L. Henryi we are indebted to Dr. Augustine Henry, who found it growing in two places only, near Ichang, on grassy slopes, at 200 to 2,000 feet elevation. The probabilities are that it will prove hardy in this part of the United States.
Among rare Lilies should be named Lilium speciosum Melpomene, a very richly colored form, perhaps the richest of all the varieties of L. speciosum. While it is rare in cultivation, other forms being substituted for it, it should not remain so, for it is not much more expensive than the others, costing about one-third more, and is far more beautiful. An importation of this sort is now daily expected, and we hope to have a fine group of this variety and the best of the white forms, L. speciosum album praecox. The latter make a good contrast, and flower about the same time, whether in pots or planted out in the borders. Lilies which have been protected during winter must not be uncovered too early in April, and a little protection is necessary until all likelihood of frost is past. The young growing shoots are very easily injured by frost, especially if there is no protective growth near them, such as is furnished by a Rhododendron-bed. If the shoots are already above ground when the bed is uncovered they should be covered over with a handful of leaves and left to come through naturally. South Lancaster MA, E. O. Orpet. 27 March 1895
Flower Garden Notes
Alterations are needed in the garden that have suggested themselves during the past season, and if, as often happens, there was not time to make these in the early fall, they should be started as soon as the soil is in workable condition. The roots of plants and trees seem to begin their work before the frost is really out of the ground, and certainly the earlier plants are moved the more likely are they to make a good display.
Paeonies should be moved very early, especially if the roots are to be divided. They are generally considered difficult to transplant, but this is not true if they are moved early enough and all the tubers taken up without damage, a sharp knife being used to sever the parts near the buds, so that they may not be injured. If these details are seen to, the plants will flower as well during the succeeding summer as though they had not been disturbed. The Tree Paeonies are not seen in gardens as often as they deserve. They are perfectly hardy with us; they flower as freely as the herbaceous kinds, and much earlier in the season before the arrival of the rose-bugs; this is a great advantage, for it is difficult to think of the later kinds without associating them with this troublesome pest. The old Paeonia officinalis is also early-flowering, and belongs to a different section, being, indeed, a true species, with several varieties. The old original scarlet is a fine showy plant in the border, coming in soon after P. tenuifolia. P. corallina is a single-flowered early species with coral-red flowers. This plant is rare in gardens, and is a native of Asia Minor. Another good garden-plant is P. Wittmanniana, from the Caucasus, with very distinct foliage, and single creamy white flowers early in the season. P. corallina and P. Wittmanniana are proving quite hardy here, and add much to the interest of the garden early in the season, between the flowering of spring bulbs and the majority of true herbaceous plants. Single-flowered Paeonies are not often seen, partly on account of their rarity in trade-lists, but their beauty is undisputed. P. albiflora is more common, but is grown by few cultivators, though it is a fine companion for the above-named sorts, and is the parent of the race of our numerous garden varieties. It is not commonly known that in California, and I think also in Oregon, a Paeony is found growing wild. This Paeony, P. Browni, is not a showy plant, and for this reason is but little known, but it is a true Paeony, indigenous to the United States.
It is now proven that the Eremuri can be grown here as easily as in Europe, and they are among the most noble of hardy plants. We have three specimens established here, but have thus far flowered only Eremurus robustus; the others will probably flower during the coming season. The long, thick, fleshy roots of the Eremuruses are peculiar in their construction; they radiate from a central crown-bud and spread in all directions, making it difficult to pack them safely. Our roots came from Holland in good condition, and E. robustus flowered the first summer after planting, as noted in GARDEN AND FOREST last year. The other two kinds are E. Himalayacus and E. Olgae. We planted them in a situation that insured dryness in the fall, so that the crowns should ripen after flowering. A thin covering of manure was spread over the soil in fall as a mulch rather than as a protection. Eremurus-seeds seem to be somewhat erratic in their germination. We sowed all that matured as soon as they were ripe, and only two plants have come up, while Mr. Endicott stated in GARDEN AND FOREST some time since that seeds he sowed came up thickly under the same treatment. Eremuri should be planted in the fall, as the foliage dies down soon after the plants flower in summer, and reappears very early in spring; it would, therefore, be unwise to disturb the roots in the spring unless this cannot be avoided.
The stock of hardy Pyrethrums is easily increased at this time, or as soon as the young shoots appear above ground. These may be taken off as low down as possible and the cuttings put in sand. They will root quickly and flower during the coming summer as well as if they were left on the old roots. Old clumps may also be divided, and then there are always some shoots that may be spared for use as cuttings. For the best double kinds it is desirable to have a few reserve plants, since the old clumps sometimes die out if left too long in one place and the soil becomes exhausted. Propagation cannot be done too soon after the shoots show above ground in spring. Old plants of the Oriental Poppies must also be moved at the first peeping of the shoots, as these are early-flowering and strong-growing plants. They need rich soil and fall planting, if this is possible. To propagate more Poppies, as soon as the roots can be lifted they should be cut in pieces an inch or two long and these should be placed in sand in a warm house when they will sprout in a week or two. They will make fine stock to flower next year if these young plants are set out in May in good soil. Root-cuttings are the only reliable means to reproduce any special variety, as from seed scarcely any two will be alike. South Lancaster MA, E. O. Orpet. 3 April 1895
Onosma stellulatum
It was a great pleasure the other day to see in the nurseries of J. W. Manning, at Reading, Massachusetts, a good lot of this beautiful and rare hardy plant, for this is one of the plants that are never forgotten after they are once seen. The Onosmas belong to the Borage family, and all have the characteristic rough foliage; very few are desirable garden-plants, but O. stellulatumn is an exception, and its drooping heads of bright yellow sweet-scented flowers justify the garden name of Golden Drops, which has been given to it. This same plant is often known as O. Tauricum, and the authorities seem now to regard the latter as a fixed yellow-flowered form of O. stellulatum, the flowers of which vary from white to various shades of yellow. There is a difficulty often experienced in keeping the plant for any length of time under cultivation, and it is caused in most instances by planting it on a level ground and in soil that is retentive of moisture. A sharp sandy soil, not over rich, and sloping toward the sun, is admirably adapted to its culture. After flowering, the first opportunity should be taken to put in a few cuttings, which should be taken off with a hard base and placed in clear sand, where they will root without trouble, and duplicates can then be had to make good a possible loss. Our losses have invariably occurred during a protracted wet period in dog days. Heavy showers will then bespatter the foliage with soil, and the plants fall an easy prey to damp before the danger is noted; hence the desirability of planting in free soil and the usefulness of placing small stones under the plants to keep the earth cool and protect the foliage. O. albo-roseum is an annual species, with which we have never been able to succeed; and we have still another species from seed sent from Asia Minor, but this is not old enough to bloom yet, although it promises to do so this season. Of some seventy species of this genus, the above are about all that are in cultivation now, the rest not being introduced yet. South Lancaster MA, E. O. Orpet. 10 April 1895
Rose, Marchioness of Londonderry
This comes to us as a new Rose of 1893, and it is one of the fine series which has emanated from the nurseries of Messrs. Dickson, of Newtownards, Ireland, during the past few years, and it has the distinction of having won the gold medal of the National Rose Society. It is hardy, with foliage that is at once a recommendation, being similar to that of the Ulrich Brunner, and quite as beautiful. The stems are also without thorns-a desirable feature in any Rose that has to be handled. The flowers are of the largest size, almost six inches across when fully open, of a most delicate shade of pink in the centre, something like that of the Daybreak Carnation, but paler, and shading from the centre to pure white at the edges. In all the English descriptions that we have access to, this Rose is described as pure white, but the pink shade is quite pronounced as grown here, reminding one of the old Souvenir de la Malmaison tint, and, indeed, it would not be surprising to learn that this plant has some influence as one of the parents of the Marchioness of Londonderry. The fragrance is similar also, and it has the smooth wood of the older kind. There seems to be no doubt that this new Rose will prove hardy, and it is listed as a Hybrid Perpetual, which is equivalent to the term Remontant. Both are unhappy terms as applied to outdoor Roses, as they rarely flower but once in a season. For forcing under glass the Marchioness of Londonderry can be highly recommended as being of a rare shade, pleasing, one of the largest Roses known, and as easy to force as Ulrich Brunner. Those who have seen the new Rose Clio in London speak highly of it as a beautiful new white Rose. It is one of Paul's, and we may expect to hear more of it, since hardy white Roses are scarce. South Lancaster MA, E. O. Orpet. 17 April 1895
Notes on Orchids
Lycaste Skinneri
This is one of the best-known Orchids, and one of the most satisfactory to grow, being of easy management and semi-terrestrial in habit. There is considerable variation in the flowers, which is quite noticeable when a number of plants are in bloom at thesame time. One of the purest of white Orchids is the white form of Lycaste Skinneri; from this variety the colors vary to deep crimson through all the intermediate shades. A year ago we had some two dozen plants, but they took up too muc'h room on the side benches, due to the spreading habit of the foliage, and we concluded to put them in baskets and suspend them in the cool greenhouse. The experiment has been a decided success; in fact, the plants seem to do much better than when the roots were confined in pots. The baskets are twelve inches in diameter, and some of these have at this time over fifty open flowers. The blossoms are very durable, owing to their wax-like texture, and the plants are especially suitable for room decoration at this season. To grow L. Skinneri well the cool house should be kept at about fifty degrees as a minimum. It is one of the easiest of Orchids to accommodate.
We find that these semi-terrestrial Orchids, Lycastes particularly, will take liquid nourishment at, frequent intervals if applied in weak doses. Under this treatment bulbs of extralarge size are produced, and these bear from ten to twelve flowers each, and sometimes even more. The white form seems more delicate in constitution and needs a little more warmth and less moisture at the roots, or the bulbs become spotted with disease and are hard to grow out of it. A shady position is best during the season of, growth, but in winter, when maturing, we give the plants full sunshine until the flowers commence to open. There is practically no resting period for L. Skinneri, or, at least, no continued period for drought at the roots; they should be kept moist at all times, and it is one of the reasons why the plants do not do so well sometimes when grown in pots.
Dendrobium nobile Allanianum
Of the many well-marked forms of the old Dendrobium nobile, a few are conspicuous, especially among the dark ones. After the variety nobilius, the variety Allanianum is, perhaps, the best, the flowers being of large size, very dark and unique, in having a fine polish over the entire surface of the flower. It is as distinct in its way as C. villosum is among Cypripediums. We find it to be a good grower, much better than D. nobile nobilius in this respect, a great point in its favor, for it is difficult to grow some of the rarest Dendrobes into specimens. We have given up the use of wood baskets for Dendrobes, as this genus resents disturbance at the root more than most Orchids, and it is hard to separate the roots from the wood when it becomes necessary to place the plants in larger receptacles. We use perforated pans and suspend them with wires; it is easy to break a pan and take out the plant. In the Orchid Review some time ago one of the best English cultivators advised that nothing but clean sphagnum-moss be used for Dendrobes, and asked gardeners to give this material a fair trial and report the results. I am in favor of the plan after a year's trial. These plants abhor sour, inert material about the roots, and this fresh living medium seems to be just what is needed. At the end of a year, or after the resting period, this moss is, of course, dead, and we take a Stott sprayer, removing the cap, and with warm water wash every particle of moss from the roots. If the roots are matted about the pans these are placed inside of larger pans with a few pieces of drainage, and the surfacing of moss added. It is surprising how soon the young roots take possession of this fresh moss. We have plants of D. nobile three years old, from an old bulb, that made growths two feet long last summer, and in one instance as many as six leads starting away strong for the present year.
Young plants observed starting away from the upper part of the bulbs of Dendrobiums at this season should be taken off now and potted in small pots, and these placed in a basket and suspended in a warm house. It is surprising how soon these make good plants to take the place of older and worn-out ones. At this time care must be taken that no water gets into the young growths on dull days, or they will soon rot off and the plant receive a check. This is especially true of D. Phalaenopsis. To avoid this trouble we have used nothing but fern-root for potting material; in this instance moss seems to retain too much moisture about the few roots made, and these are very susceptible to overwatering. The best time to repot D. Phalenopsis is now; small pans should be used - the smaller the better - and they should be suspended in the warmest position in the East Indian house. Plants of this species imported last fall are starting away finely hung up close to the light, and will flower sooner than those that were obtained some time ago and are well settled down to a regular period of growth.
Horticulture is said to be full of empiricisms, and even one genus of Orchids affords a study in the needs of each species. We often know nothing of the conditions under which they grow naturally, and when we are able to learn something of these conditions it is often impossible to imitate them under artificial means. So we have to grope along as best we may, sometimes stumbling upon a way in which a particular plant may be grown well for a long period. South Lancaster MA, E. O. Orpet. 24 April 1895
Flower Garden Notes
The unusually late spring makes garden work a week or two later than in ordinary seasons. Though planting cannot be done now, the preparation of the soil can go on, and when herbaceous plants show signs of activity changes can then be quickly made. The delay caused by the late spring enforces what has been advised before — that fall planting is always preferable for this class of plants, since in most cases one can judge better of the habits and height while the tops are on the plants. We find each year that some kinds will outdo themselves in vigor, and need to be moved further back, divided or thinned. If there is doubt now as to how the alterations should be carried out it is better to wait until another year, and make careful note during the growing period, so that the necessary changes may be made in the fall.
The planting of shrubs and conifers should be done now if they have already been lifted to prevent an early start of the buds. If this provision has been taken there need be no risk in planting until a month later. When planting is well done it is done for all time, and it is best to have the ground well dug at least eighteen inches deep. This can be accomplished by trenching or double digging the soil and mixing the manure well into the bottom, for if the roots are encouraged to go well down there is much less danger of injury from drought in hot weather; besides, trees and shrubs take hold more quickly and thrive better. Magnolias should be planted in the spring. They are often difficult to establish, but when well started are among the best of flowering trees. It often happens that only small plants are obtainable, especially of the rare forms. It is well to grow these on in pots for a year until they are well rooted, and then transfer them to the places assigned to them. The soil should be good to a depth that will make future transplanting unnecessary, for Magnolias are the most impatient of root-disturbance of all our trees. Hot drying winds in exposed places make sad work with newly moved trees.
Young trees or conifers planted in rows to grow on for later use should be moved at least once in two years to insure a good number of young fibrous roots in a compact mass. Young stock grown in this way is worth twice as much as stock that has not been transplanted, and if the room can be spared to shift them, the labor is not too great when the results are considered. We find that this biennial moving does not in the least interfere with the season's growth of evergreens. The check given to the growth of deciduous trees and shrubs benefits them by making well-balanced heads, with fewer strong shoots that have to be pruned out later on. Those who wish to add to their collections new and interesting novelties as they appear, realize the value of this reserve nursery, and know, also, that newly purchased or rare trees are often too small to plant at once in permanent positions. If these are allowed a year or two in a temporary place, so as to become acclimated and of larger size, an opportunity is meanwhile afforded to select the best place for their permanent planting, and the planting of a tree needs careful consideration with a view to its maturity.
A reserve border of herbaceous plants is also desirable, made up of kinds recently raised from seed, and which will not flower for a year or more; of duplicates, others that are on trial as to hardiness or desirability, and new and unknown sorts, as a lot recently raised here from seeds received from Asia Minor. These unfamiliar plants should be kept where, they are not likely to be rooted out by those unfamiliar with their appearance when the borders are weeded. We have to mourn the loss of many plants in this way, but a straight row in the reserve border is comparatively free from this danger. Such a border is useful, too, to fill up losses.
Narcissi are coming on better this year than usual, and we shall soon be able to cut the first flowers from the borders. Hardy Narcissi are more useful than is generally supposed. They provide the first outdoor cut flowers; they have a strength and beauty all their own, and last much longer than those forced indoors, for the sorts that are best as hardy plants are too valuable to be grown for forcing. They have also more substance, with distinct contrasts in coloring. They are for the most part of garden origin, the result of the hybridist's skill, and not mere wild forms, although the wild forms have much to recommend them. The substance of Horsfieldii, Empress, Emperor, M. Foster, Henry Irving and Golden Spur constitutes the value these species have when cut for use indoors. The continued cold of the past winter seems to have suited the Narcissi well. There has been no early start, with succeeding chills, such as occurred a year ago, and the tops have none of the seared look that they took on then. A good display of flowers is promised soon, and a healthy growth of the bulbs afterward.
The newly introduced Spanish forms of Narcissi have disappeared almost to a bulb; they proved unsuited to our climate, while, as already stated, the garden hybrids have the best constitutions and multiply most quickly. South Lancaster MA, E. O. Orpet. 8 May 1895
Insect Pests
No one knows until he undertakes to cultivate the soil how many evils plants are heir to, and these seem to be on the increase. The insect pests, owing, presumably, to the survival of the fittest, seem to be more highly educated than of old, and it is only by continued watchfulness that successful crops can be grown. It seems to me, after a few years' study of this phase of garden routine, that insecticides are most profitably used as preventives. The process of fumigation is by no means the best method to adopt, especially with houses of mixed plants, such as are generally grown for gardens that exist for the pleasure of the owner, and not for commercial purposes. In the use of tobacco in its various forms as an insecticide we have a great advantage over European cultivators in that we can get an article good, cheap and pure in tobacco-stems fresh from the factory. That they lose much of their strength through keeping and exposure there is no doubt. If fumigation is necessary these stems should not be used, for there is too much heat generated for the amount of smoke given off. A cheap grade of damaged leaf tobacco has been found to be the best and cheapest for the purpose, for so little smoke to kill that it rarely has density or heat enough to burn delicate foliage. It is a long time now, however, since we used the smoke-pot, and this is due entirely to the scattering of the stems on the benches between the pots or on wire netting placed on the heating pipes. If used in the latter way, and damped occasionally, so as to give off a medicated vapor, hot water is almost as good as steam pipes as a vaporizing medium, and the stems will retain their strength for many weeks.
Those who have tried to grow Cineirarias and Calceolarias know how liable these are to the attacks of aphides, and how difficult it is to fumigate without damaging the plants. These plants furnish a striking proof that fumigation is not the best way to kill insect pests. It is barbarous to subject the plants to such an ordeal, to say nothing of the operator, when a sprinkling of stems around the pots, renewed two or three times during the season of growth, will quite clear them of insects, so that there is a real pleasure in growing the plants.
We have always had a great deal of trouble with what is known in common garden language as the Orchid thrips, a little white insect, barely visible to the naked eye, but which, before it is discovered, does great damage to the young foliage of plants. Cypripediums are happy hunting-grounds for these thrips, and there is no insecticide that I know that will check them except tobacco-stems liberally sprinkled between the plants. If badly affected it is well to sponge the foliage with an insecticide first to get rid of the older ones, and the young insects will be killed off as they hatch out. It is said that as the tobacco-stems decay a large amount of ammonia is given off into the atmosphere, producing a healthy green in the leaves, more especially of Orchids. I am of opinion that this is something more than a theory. By taking a bunch of tobacco-stems and damping them it will be found-after fermentation sets in that a pronounced quantity of ammonia is given off into the atmosphere for the plants to breathe. While it might be possible to overdo the matter in the use of too much of the tobacco-stems at a time, I have never had this occur. If their use is not so plentiful as to cause an untidy look on the benches it is safe to say there need be no fear as to damage, and preventive measures are much cheaper than any others. We have lately had for trial a new insecticide, known as Lenmon oil; it is a preparation similar to that called Fir-tree oil, and acts in the same way when mixed with water, but we find that it is not so liable to do damage as the latter, and is of use'for a greater variety of plants. There is no need to wash off the mixture from the roots of plants as it is said to be also a fertilizer of the soil.
Tobacco-dust is now put up by all dealers and is a nmost effectual remedy for aphides. This also is a fertilizer, and if it is necessary to give more than one dusting it will benefit the roots as well as kill the insects. There seems to be a great difference in the quality of this article as put up for sale. We were ind~uced to buy a barrel of it once, the price being low when bought in bulk; this particular lot was practically worthless, and it is reasonable that pure tobacco-dust could not have been sold at the price paid. I have found that the coarser grades are the purest and the best to use.
A word should be said for that best of all insecticides, cold water with a good force behind it. There are few insects that can withstand this treatment, especially if the Stott sprayer is used. We have four of them in steady use, and plant-growing has been much simplified by this invention. When some means is devised for mixing the various insecticides with the water as it comes from the main, there will be little excuse for unhealthy insect-ridden plants in the garden. White scale insects on Orchids are usually very hard to eradicate, especially on Cattleyas, and these are often infested when brought in from their native woods. The Stott sprayer makes clean work, and does not injure even the young growing tips of the roots if used carefully. If the least trace of scale is noticed it is best to apply this cure at once, for it is surprising how rapidly this insect debilitates plants. It should, perhaps, be said that our water-pressure is over one hundred pounds as it comes from the main, but a much less force would be sufficient, though how little would be enough I am unable to say. South Lancaster MA, E. O. Orpet. 22 May 1895
Narcissus Notes
The flowering season of Narcissus is nearly past now, and only the midseason and late varieties of N. poeticus remain to bloom. The experience of this year has not added to the knowledge of the various kinds in cultivation. One thing is certain, however, in this country, that if the climate or soil does not suit any particular kind of Daffodil it will be surely apparent the spring following the first summer's growth in a weak start and sparse flowering, while hardly a trace of the plants will be left the next year. Of those that have disappeared I cannot call to mind a single kind that I would care to have again, and the best sorts thrive and increase at a surprising rate. Mr. Gerard said, in his last notes on this subject, that a bad memory is a good thing to carry at times in the garden, and this is forcibly brought home to me at times when near the Daffodil beds. It has often been noted in these columns that during summer these beds are filled with annuals such as Asters, Mignonette and others, and last fall when these were past a workman was instructed to clear off the remains, and in his anxiety to clear away everything he pulled up about seventy Narcissus labels. This will explain why a detailed list of losses cannot be given. The better-known and larger-flowered varieties can, of course, be identified, but the bulbs belonging to the Burbidgei, Leedsi and incomparabilis sections had better be lifted and naturalized in the Grass, as has been done with surplus stock of the Poets' Narcissus. In places where many spring-flowering bulbs are used there is abundant room for planting the cheaper kinds in the sod where the grass is not cut until midsummer. We have tried this plan with success in an orchard under the Apple-trees. No care was taken to prepare the soil or even disturb the sod; a spade was thrust into the soil and a bulb put in each place, and I am inclined to believe that if the newer Spanish kinds had been treated in this way they would have lived longer and flowered well, while under the treatment given to the strongergrowing garden varieties they soon died; perhaps from cold, as we never cover the beds in fall unless the bulbs are planted late; it may have been from too generous treatment, as has been suggested.
We have been particularly fortunate in having the so-called white varieties live and do well. Albicans, Colleen Bawn, Moschatus, Leda, Mrs. J. B. M. Camm, William Goldring, have all done well and flowered each year, but we take care not to manure them in fall as we do the others that are grown for cut flowers.
One of the gems of the border is the Irish form of the double Jonquil, with the astonishing name of Narcissus odorus plenus Hibernicus. We have had it four years, and it never fails to bloom, and increases each year. On the contrary, N. capax plenus has disappeared. N. biflorus is another of the uncommon kinds that do well. It is very late in blooming, and resembles the Tazetta section in general appearance, having several flowers to each stem, and these fragrant. Muticus, the last of the Trumpet Daffodils, has taken longer to die than any other, and there are still a few left. These were evidently collected bulbs, as no two were alike, but they did not take kindly to cultivation. We have now a fine reserve stock of bulbs to dig from to grow in pots in winter. Home-grown stock is far preferable to any that can be imported, and after flowering these are replanted in among the shrubs, and in two years are as good as ever. Those who intend to plant Daffodils will do well to make out a plan of the bed after the work is completed, and keep it for reference. Had this been done in our case the loss of our labels would have been less of a disaster. No one can go amiss in planting such kinds as Emperor, Empress, Horsfieldii, M. Foster, Grandee, Countess of Annesley, Princeps, Golden Spur, Obvallaris, Sir Watkin and Henry Irving. Maximus and Ard Righ have not done so well as we anticipated, and have now almost died out.
Border culture has one disadvantage in that after every April shower the purity of the flowers is marred by the earth that has been splashed over them, and there seems to be no way of preventing this except by planting in the grass; this we shall try on a much more extensive way next fall. Regular masses should be avoided, or the effect would be more or less artificial. I have seen acres of the common kind growing wild in pastures in the southern counties of England, and cattle do not seem to eat the foliage, or these wild Daffodils would have been extinct long ago. South Lancaster MA, E. O. Orpet. 5 June 1895
Miltonia vexillaria
The picture of a fine variety of this plant in GARDEN AND FOREST for May 15th reminds me of the ease with which this Orchid may be cultivated in American gardens. I was told by a distinguished English visitor the other day that we do this plant much better than they can in England, and this is remarkable in that the standard works on Orchids seem to insist on an equable temperature the year through, and it is the more surprising that with our extremes we can succeed so well with a plant enveloped in mists and rain for the greater part of the day in its South American home. We have one advantage over transatlantic cultivators in the tobacco-stems that are so easily obtained for the purpose of keeping down thrips, a pest to which Miltonia vexillaria is specially subjected.
Our plants were infested when received, but a few dustings of tobacco in the axils of the leaves and tobacco-stems spread under and round the plants as they grew, soon cleared them of insects, and insured good, clean, healthy growth. This Miltonia is another of those Orchids that can be counted on to increase both in size and value each year. If carefully placed in the coolest house in the summer months, and at the cool end of the Cattleya house, where a temperature of fifty to fifty five degrees can be obtained in winter, shaded from bright sunshine at all times, except in the depth of winter, they grow without difficulty.
After the flowering period the plants will need a little rest to recuperate, but water must not be withheld, and soon the young growths will start away, and this is the time to repot, which will be about September, when cool nights will insure a good start. For a potting compost we use moss and Fern-root, with a little dried cow-manure from the pasture. They seem to like this and manure-water at every second or third watering after the roots have begun to run through the potting material, but it should be applied well diluted.
There is no form of decoration to which these lovely flowers will not lend themselves, either as cut blooms or in the pots. The graceful, arching sprays of pink flower shades vary from a rich deep rose to the pure white of the unique "Fairy Queen," but even the common forms are beautiful enough for any garden. Many of our plants are producing four spikes from one bulb, and one of these single bulbs has forty-one flowers on the four spikes, so the free-flowering qualities of this Miltonia can hardly be overstated.
Another very fine Miltonia is M. Roezlii, and its white variety. The flowers of this plant are very fragrant and have the same outline as M. vexillaria, but it requires a warmer house than the latter, as it comes from a much lower elevation, from 1,ooo to 2,000 feet, while M. vexillaria grows at an altitude varying from 4,000 to 7,000 feet above sea-level, so that it will easily be understood that a house at least ten degrees warmer in winter is necessary for M. Roezlii, otherwise it is of the same easy culture and flowers at the same time of year.
These two Miltonias used to be and are still known in catalogues as Odontoglossums, but of recent years they have been removed to the genus Miltonia with which they have a true affinity. Owing to the recent introduction of these plants there is a reasonable hope that other large-flowered forms of M. vexillaria will soon be obtainable. South Lancaster MA, E. O. Orpet. 26 June 1895
Strawberry Culture
We are now in the midst of the Strawberry season, and as our preparation for next year's supply begins as soon as we have gathered the last berries, a few notes on the method adopted are in season. Some five years ago we made an experimental plantation to ascertain which were the most suitable kinds for our soil and climate. About twenty-five sorts were planted for this purpose, only two of which are now grown here, one being Michel's Early and the other the Gandy. Of the remainder there were doubtless many that would be satisfactory in some sections, but they were a failure here; some were winter-killed, some failed to go through the summer, while others were of poor quality for home use, where quality is the first consideration. In garden-culture, where the space is often limited, it is essential to get the most out of the ground, and have none idle if possible. As Strawberries take up a good deal of space, we prepare a plot of ground well in spring. On this we plant early Peas, Spinach, Lettuce and the first sowing of Dwarf Beans, and any other crops that may be taken off before the beginning of August, and this tract is then used for the new Strawberry plantation. We find that it is useless to attempt to take more than two crops off the same bed; by the third year few of the original plants would be left, as many die each year from the grubs at the roots. After the second crop is gathered the plants are hoed off, and when dry enough are burned with the mulching under them right on the ground, and this is then prepared for the fall planting of Cabbage and Cauliflowers. Under this system we have no idle ground to keep clean, and the most is made out of the limited space at disposal. The runners for this year's planting will be taken from the bed planted last year, as there is more space between the rows wherein to plunge the pots. A trowelful of soil is dug up and placed in a three-inch pot, the pot being plunged in the hole made. The runner is then pressed into the pot, and in about two weeks will be fit to take off and plant in the new bed. We have to water a few times during this period if the weather is dry, but as the pots are sunk their depth in the ground the roots are kept cool and moist with little watering.
We adopt what is known as the hill system in planting, making the rows three feet apart and the plants two feet from each other in the rows, and the quantity produced in this way is surprising. The year-old bed produces fully two-thirds of a crop while the older one is at its maximum capacity. We have never kept a record of the quantity gathered, but hope to do so this season.
The soil we have to deal with is very shallow, with a gravel subsoil, making it difficult to keep the plants moist in summer, but we have never had them heave from frost in winter. A good soaking is given just as the first fruits begin to color, and this will carry them through even if we have no rain until all is gathered, when the beds are cleaned and watered well. Plenty of manure is used when preparing the soil for a crop that has to stand two years on the ground. In addition we apply a sprinkling of some good commercial fertilizer near the plants in the early summer before the lawn clippings are placed about them as a mulch.
From experience it seems best to cultivate only a few varieties. There is less liability to get the sorts mixed, and only a good early, a second early and late variety are needed to cover the season. Michel's Early is the best we have found for first berries, although it rarely escapes the late frosts that were so destructive this year. We have the Leader on trial as a possible substitute for it, hoping to gain size. The Parker Earle comes next, and with us is the most satisfactory of the middle—season kinds. It is not overlarge, of good color and flavor, and has the merit of separating most easily from the stem, leaving the berry in good shape, a quality highly appreciated in the kitchen. Were we restricted to one sort we should select Parker Earle. For a late main crop there seems to be nothing to equal the Gandy. It is always in its best gathering about July 4th; the size is very large, as large as any I have ever seen, not excepting the Marshall, and there is a solidity to the fruit that prevents crushing when it is being stemmed. This is the most robust in constitution of any, and the flowers are rarely injured by frost, owing to the large growth of heavy foliage. We have the Marshall on trial, and this year will prove its merits. It will thus be seen that we depend on three sorts wholly, new ones being well tested before they are planted to supersede them. No garden, however small, should be without at least three sorts, not necessarily those named, but some that suit the locality and the conditions that obtain there. South Lancaster MA, E. O. Orpet. 17 July 1895
Three Good Plants
Clerodendron squamatum
A plant of this semi-shrubby Clerodendron, recently obtained from Japan, proves to be valua. ble for pot culture. It is not commonly seen in cultivation and is a native of China. The foliage is large and handsome, resembling very much that of the Catalpa, the growth being perfectly erect, with terminal heads of brilliant scarlet flowers. The flowers and the calyx are alike in color, so that the flower cluster is attractive before any of the flowers have expanded. The plant is fond of sunlight. It was grown in an unshaded house during all the hot weather we had early in the season. It would be likely to make a fine subject for planting outdoors in the extreme south and also in California. When the specimen was obtained we were under the impression that it was the plant known under this name some fifteen years ago, which was a climber requiring a warm house and bearing bright red flower-heads in the middle of winter, with rich dark green shining foliage. That plant was evidently misnamed. I should be glad if Mr. Watson could tell me if there is still such a plant in cultivation in England or elsewhere. It would be a valuable winter-flowering climber for a warm house could it be obtained.
Hamanthus Kalbreyerii
Though not a new plant, this seems to have been reintroduced into cultivation during recent years in quantity, and it has been possible to obtain this, the best of the Blood-flowers, at a reasonable price. We find that there is no difficulty in growing and flowering it if treated the same as other summer bulbs that are grown in the greenhouse. Ours were obtained last fall and placed in dry soil until spring, when signs of growth commenced. We were soon rewarded with flower-spikes, not so strong as they will be after good cultivation for a year or two, but the plants are growing vigorously in a warm, half-shaded position in the greenhouse, and we hope to have good strong spikes next year. We used to have Haemanthus puniceus, and flowered it several times, but it is not worth the space it occupied in the greenhouse. The flower-stem was short, and the head of flowers not spherical like that of H. Kalbreverii, which is the best of the genus, and worthy a place in any greenhouse where things a little out of the common are appreciated. In Nicholson's Dictionary the height of the plant is given as six inches; this is misleading, for our plants are now about three times that height and still growing. The flower-stems are produced when the plant is about a foot high, and the stems are equal in height to the foliage. This species is a native of tropical Africa.
Crinum Kircape
Through the kindness of Mr. T. L. Mead, of Oveido, Florida, I have a fine plant of his new hybrid Crinum now in bloom. It is a cross between C. Kirkii, a species from Zanzibar, and C. Capense, from south Africa. This is one of the interesting results of the work of this careful hybridist. From the bulb sent me last winter we have already had three strong flower-spikes, each bearing about a dozen sweet-scented white flowers with a decided rose-colored stripe down the outside of each petal. The plant has been in continual bloom from the time the first flower opened, one flower stem coming after the other in quick succession, and the plant has been in the dwelling-house for some time. I am not aware that any attempt has been made before to hybridize with these Crinums. I have raised seedlings myself from C. Capense, and flowered them, but in Florida, where they are hardy and need no special care in winter, they must be beautiful in summer. Mr. Mead has given the plant a compound name, in accordance with the custom now often adopted with the hybrid progeny of Orchids. If, as I believe, the cross has not been made before, there seems no reason why the name is not a good one. In general appearance the plant resembles C. Kirkii more than C. Capense (C. longifolium). The latter parent should, however, give the plant hardiness. The species is commonly grown out-of-doors in Great Britain, and is generally hardy in favorable locations. It would doubtless be hardy in many states besides Florida with a little winter protection. South Lancaster MA, E. O. Orpet. 24 July 1895
Papaver bracteatum
I remember reading some time since a controversy as to whether the dark form of the Oriental Poppy was a mere seed variation or a well-marked species. It was so long ago that I forget the decision, but it has recurred to me of recent years when seeing them growing together in the garden. I decided to save seed and see whether there was any tendency to reversion to the common scarlet varieties among the plants raised. It has been the impression among growers that the peculiarity of having bracts just under the flowers was nothing to be guided by, that the rich dark color was not constant, that the plant itself could only be propagated by its own roots, and that seedlings raised therefrom would revert to the common Papaver orientale. There is, however, a decided difference in the habit of the two plants, and they can easily be distinguished when not in bloom. P. bracteatum has foliage that is much more rigid and aculeolate than P. orientale, while the flower-stems are perfectly rigid even when in bloom, so that apart from the color there seem to be good grounds to suppose that it is something more than a mere seed variation, or even selection. The results here have emphasized this opinion, for out of a large number of P. bracteatum raised from seed saved without any special protection against insect agency, and growing side by side with the other variety, not one has shown any tendency to revert, but all are true dark-flowered P. bracteatum. P. orientale does vary a great deal from seed; of the many in the garden here no two are alike, some having four petals and some more, as many as eight, while the spots at the base of the petals are eliminated in some cases altogether, and vary greatly in others. Of the two, this variety has proved to be much less constant than P. bracteatum. It is not safe to assume which is the species, and the authorities differ. P. orientale was introduced some time prior to P. bracteatum; hence the former is generally regarded as the species.
Dipladenias
These have been noted before as among the finest of summer-flowering climbers for the greenhouse, and they are now at their best, blooming with great freedom in full sunshine. It is not often that seeds are produced under cultivation, but a plant last season matured a fine seed-pod here, from which we have now some three dozen young plants growing rapidly, and we hope to bloom them next year. There is a wonderful variation even now in the young plants; no two seem to be alike in foliage, and either the shape or tint is different in most of them. We hope to get some good varieties from these. The seed parent was Dipladenia profusa, crossed with pollen of D. Brearleyana. Judging from present appearances, we shall get all the forms known in gardens from this lot of plants. Dipladenias are natives of Brazil. There are but two that are pink and regarded as species. All the others, more than a dozen in number, are of garden origin. The great value of these plants lies in the fact that flowers are produced from the same stems for months in succession. We have picked flowers in June, and as late as October from the same stem, and this free-flowering habit makes them desirable where a brilliant climber for the greenhouse is required. They will stand well in winter in a temperature of fifty degrees, and require far less heat than was generally supposed necessary by the older cultivators. This may account for the unpopularity of the genus at the present time. We grow them in Fern-root alone. Loamy soil is liable to become sour and inert, and the plants speedily die when this is the case. South Lancaster MA, E. O. O. 25 September 1895
Solanum Wendlandi
One of the most promising novelties of recent introduction is this climber, which, although not a new plant, strictly speaking, has only recently been made available to cultivators on this side of the Atlantic. There is an excellent figure of it in The Garden, February 1st, I890, the color of the flowers being, perhaps, a little darker than is the case with plants grown here under a stronger sun. No climbing plant of my acquaintance will cover so much space in a short time as this one. Our plant was a small one, set out in a bench in a greenhouse, and in six weeks covered as many feet each way with a strong growth of rich, dark foliage and many large heads of flowers, some of these over a foot in diameter. The individual flowers open in succession until all have expanded, so that each head of bloom is a thing of beauty for at least a month. The flowers are nearly two inches in diameter and of a pale lavender-blue. I saw it recently growing in the succulent house at Kew, where it was luxuriating in full sunshine and plenty of air, and it seems to me that there is a use for it as a summer climbing plant for outdoor Dlanting in this climate; of course, in warmer sections it should prove hardy, and it would then be a deciduous plant. Wherever this Solanum is used it must have a good rich soil to grow in, as it is a great feeder and cannot be treated too liberally. In the issue of The Garden referred to we are told that "Kew is indebted for this Solanum to Mr. Wendland, Director of the famous Botanic Gardens at Herrenhausen, who sent a plant of it in I882, with the information that it came from the colder regions of Costa Rica." As Director Wendland went to Central America in I858-59 on a botanical mission, it is to be presumed that he brought home this among the many plants collected, and the wonder is that it has remained so long hidden from cultivators; there seems to be no difficulty in propagating it from cuttings made of the least succulent shoots, and we may soon see it largely used as a decorative plant. It should be noted that the flowers close up at nightfall. This defect or peculiarity hinders their use in a cut state somewhat, but it will not be considered much of a detraction from the value of the plant if used as a climber, either indoors or out in the warm months. South Lancaster MA, E. 0. Orpet. [In many of the gardens of San Diego and Santa Barbara, California, Solanum Wendlandi is now well established, growing to the height of thirty or forty feet, and displaying during a large part of the year its clusters of beautiful flowers.-ED.] 2 October 1895
Hypericum Moserianum
All things considered, this appears to be the most desirable of the hardy Hypericums for garden culture, and there is little reason to doubt its hardiness, although it has not been tested here in a large way as yet. A large circular bed at Kew, in the decorative part of the grounds, was one of the principal features there this summer, and for massing in this way it is difficult to imagine anything more striking. The large yellow flowers are produced in great profusion for a long period, with a setting of healthy dark-green foliage below. As has already been explained in GARDEN AND FOREST, this plant is a garden hybrid between Hypericum patulum and H. calycinum, the old St. John's Wort, and in general appearance it resembles the latter, but has lost the coarseness that used to characterize that plant and relegate it to waste corners of the garden where nothing else would grow. At St. Albans, Messrs. Sander have a variegated sport of H. Moserianum called Tricolor, which will be highly prized when it is disseminated by all who admire plants with foliage of varied colors. The leaves of this plant are bright pink, white and green, and it has a vigor equal to that of the parent plant, with which it is identical, except for the color of the leaves. These should not burn in this climate as many highly colored sports are apt to do, since the texture is thick, almost leathery, and this ought to insure it against injury even in the hottest seasons. The happy idea of planting this Hypericum in masses, as carried out at Kew, is worthy of imitation, as individual plants, either of the type or of the sport, are quite inferior in effect to large groups. South Lancaster MA, E. O. Orpet. 23 October 1895
Lilies
The past season has been more than usually favorable for Lilies in this part of the country. Copious showers at frequent intervals were the rule all the time they were growing, and the long, protracted dry period did not come until the bulbs were mature and beyond injury. For the best success Lilies must be planted in a cool moist soil that never becomes hot or dry, and preference should be given for a spot that is shaded by other growth, either that of deciduous shrubs or broad-leaved evergreens, in which positions most of the hardy kinds flourish for an indefinite period. It has been emphasized before in the columns of GARDEN AND FOREST that fall-planting is always best; there appears to be no exception to this rule, and the reason is plain. If a Lily-bulb be examined at any time soon after flowering it will be seen to have made a quantity of new roots from the base of the bulb, strong, vigorous feeders, that will continue to grow all winter in a favorable place, and when spring comes, and with it the flower-shoot, there is plenty of root-action to give it impetus until the thick matted whorls of roots are emitted from the lower part of the stem itself; these are made to give strength to the plant to produce flowers, and to build up the bulb again after it has made its supreme effort the alternating set of roots come again from the base. It has been part of my experience to unpack large quantities of Lilies just as they arrive from Japan, where the system of packing is a good one, each bulb being placed in a piece of wet clay, which is rolled round the bulb, then dried, and these are placed in the cases, and the intervening space filled up with dry clay soil. If all is perfectly dry, and kept so, root-action is entirely suspended; but if, as sometimes happens, moisture is admitted from some cause or other, the whole mass of soil will become matted with roots, and on their arrival here it is quite difficult to separate the bulbs. Japan Lilies arrive usually just a little too late for planting in the open ground in this section, and, perhaps, in most others, so that dealers keep them over and make them a part of their spring trade; but it would be preferable always to get them as soon as they arrive, and pot them up, placing the pots in a frost-proof cellar until they start in spring, when they can be planted out when the ground is favorable.
Complaints have been frequent lately that Lilium auratum does poorly even the first season after importation; this seems to be due wholly to spring-planting, for if the shoots appear it is often only to dwindle away or become ill-formed, showing clearly that there is no adequate root-action to second the efforts of the bulbs. If these were obtained on their arrival in November and planted in good rich soil in six-inch pots, we should hear much less of poor results the first year. After this, L. auratum seldom makes a strong growth; at least, I have yet to see a planting that has stood the test of years. Some plants that have been reported as flourishing for a term of years have proved to be the broad-leaved form, L. auratum platyphyllum, that seems to have traces of L. speciosum in it, and has inherited the vigor of that species. This plant is also known as L. auratum macranthum from the size of its flowers, which are sometimes over twelve inches in width. There is also an unspotted variety of this called Virginale. It would be well if Japanese cultivators gradually grew this variety to the exclusion of the typical one, for with their system of culture it ought not to take long to get up a large stock. The cost of the variety is now two-thirds more than that of the typical bulb, but once set out there is no need to renew them, for the plants increase and grow better from year to year.
For the past ten weeks we have had a fine show of Lilium speciosum for decorative purposes, and the plants would have lasted two weeks longer but for the sharp frosts of the past week. All the forms of this Lily are well adapted for growing in pots, or if larger specimens are desired, wooden tubs or boxes may be made for them and painted green. Southern cypress is here no more expensive than good pine, and lasts very much longer, so that we are using it for all indoor work now. The Speciosum group is admirably adapted to this method of culture, and it affords alone such variety that it makes others undesirable at the same period. The kind we have always regarded as the best dark form is known in trade-lists as Melpomene. This is a native of Japan, and in no way connected with the kind raised by the late C. M. Hovey, of Boston, which was a hybrid between L. auraturn and L. speciosum. It is possible that the same name has been applied to two kinds, the former not now being in cultivation. As we get it from Japan, this Lily is most vigorous, the flowers are of darkest crimson, heavily spotted, with pure white margin, the flower-stalks being red. There is another variety called Roseum that has green stems, with lighter-colored blooms, and is the next best-colored variety. The variety sent annually from Holland is quite inferior to those we get from Japan in these days, as the Dutch growers seem to keep on multiplying the kind first sent them, and the bulbs are never as large as those from Japan, nor is the growth as strong. Of white forms, the one sold sometimes as Album praecox, or Kraetzeri, is the best of all, being pure white, with dark brown anthers. Among them, however, at flowering time we notice at times plants of the variety known as Album novum, with anthers of light golden-yellow color, which is a constant character. These four are the best of the varieties of L. speciosum, and there are about a dozen altogether offered in lists. Rich soil is essential for these Lilies when planted in pots or boxes, and it is well to add plenty of bone-meal to what would be regarded as a soil good for Roses. The effect of the bone is lasting, and when repotting directly after the flowers are over each year it is not desirable to disturb the mass of roots, but simply to shift them on into larger pots, so that the full benefit of the bone will be appropriated. Liquid stimulants are also given about flowering-time, for the old theory that manure in any form is injurious to Lilies has been exploded. They are, in fact, great feeders, and need an abundance of good stimulants to get them to their best year after year. In order to have them for a long period we store them all in the cellar after they have been potted, and they are brought out in batches as they start in spring, so that we get about six weeks' difference between the flowering-time of the first and last lots.
A good early Lily, and one that might be had at Easter-time in pots, is Lilium pomponium verum, the bright scarlet Turks'cap fragrant Lily. The name verum is of catalogue origin, and is used to distinguish the red from the yellow form, L. Pyrenaicum, which is inferior as a garden plant and is of short duration in cultivation, while the scarlet form is in all respects a good Lily; it is the first to bloom outdoors in early summer, and will thrive in sandy soil. It resembles very much the Siberian L. tenuifolium, but the flowers are from ten to twelve on a stem. It is a native of the south of France, and usually comes with the L. candidum early in autumn. There is a difficulty in obtaining this Lily in quantity now from dealers here at least, such has been our experience lately; but it should become better known than it is, as it is in every way a better garden plant than the L. tenuifolium, so much lauded of recent years. South Lancaster MA, E. O. Orpet. 6 November 1895
Cattleya labiata
Very few Orchids in cultivation have come so near fulfilling all the claims made for them by introducers as this one, the type plant on which the genus was founded by Lindley soon after its first introduction in 1818. Its subsequent history, too, has added much to the interest it originally excited. Its total disappearance from the original districts from which it was introduced, the casual arrival of a few plants at various times from obscure sources, the futile efforts so long made to reintroduce it, and lastly its reappearance under the name of Cattleya Warocqueana from a province nearly five hundred miles distant from Rio, where it was first seen, all seem more like products of imagination than like reality. The supply of plants seems almost inexhaustible, judging from the number that have already found their way into cultivation from Pernambuco during the last four or five years. The benefits to horticulture are scarcely to be calculated, as this Cattleya flowers at a time when so few other plants are in bloom. The Orchid-houses now are transformed into a mass of gorgeous coloring that is not excelled by the display in early spring, when the other forms of C. labiata are at their best.
To the cultivator, perhaps, the most pleasing fact connected with this Cattleya is the ease with which it can be grown. Many other Cattleyas are of easy culture, but the best cultural skill has failed to keep them in collections for an extended period. C. labiata seems to furnish an exception to this rule. At the time of its reintroduction there were plants in gardens that had been cultivated for twenty-five years, according to the record, and possibly some of the first plants introduced are still living. They had no storehouse in the way of back bulbs made in their native country to draw upon for their supply of vigor, but were growing and flowering freely under the system of treatment that is now adopted by the best growers. We have thus the assurance that C. labiata is not only a free grower, but has the crowning merit of longevity. It may now be bought as cheaply as any other Cattleya, while five years ago it was worth its weight in gold and the supply was meagre. It was formerly used to a necessarily limited extent for hybridizing purposes, but wherever it was so used its influence was potent for good. Some of the best crosses ever made have this plant for one of the parents. All who wish can now have a plentiful supply and make a free use of it, and the result will surely be for the common good.
We now have more of these Cattleyas than of any other sort. Their journey from their native place was a severe ordeal, since they traveled from Brazil to London, and thence to New York to the salesrooms. Many looked almost hopeless, but heat and a genial moisture works wonders under our clear skies, and pieces, with not more than two bulbs when they came, are now flowering, in many cases giving four flowers from the one bulb. Established plants frequently produce five flowers on one stem, and I have seen, in one instance, six flowers on the stem, all of good size and high color.
There is as much variation among plants of this variety as among any other, in that no two are alike, and each flower has its distinctive characters. As yet there is a very small percentage of white forms, and they are evidently not so numerous as we were led at first to believe they would be. Neither is there such radical variation as among plants of Cattleya Trianae and other kinds, but there is a much smaller number of inferior varieties than in any other Cattleya, and I have yet to see one variety that has not some merit.
This Cattleya belongs to the section that flowers directly on the completion of the current year's growth. There is no apparent rest before flowering, and but a slight cessation after, for we find that the most active rooting season is just after the strain of flowering. The plants at once recuperate themselves, so it would be folly to dry them at the roots at this time. In newly established pieces there is always a tendency to make a growth out of season. We have many now that are doing so, but after a year or two this tendency disappears, and they get into a regular habit and adapt themselves to our seasons, which are different from their own in Brazil. There no rain falls for six months, but the night dews must be heavy, or the plants would not be found there. The cultivation of this Cattleya is similar to that required by other members of the same group. After repeated trials we have given up using moss with the fern-root for potting material. There is no advantage from its use, and it too often brings in snails and slugs. It causes the other portion of the compost to sour and hastens its decay, and finally causes the decay of the roots of the plant. If good fibrous Osmunda-roots are used as soon as possible after they are gathered, this potting material should keep in sound condition four or five years. The roots will remain healthy if perforated pots or pans are used. We have given up the use of baskets for Cattleyas. In the first place they are costly if made of cedar-wood; and to take out a plant that is well and firmly fixed in a wooden basket causes so serious a check that it often takes a season or two for the plant to recover. Perforated pans can be easily obtained, and cost about as many cents as the plants are worth dollars. They are readily broken when it is necessary to give a plant a shift without any material damage to the roots if the plant is well watered a day or two before. If shifted at the proper time, when root action is commencing, there will be no shrinkage of the bulbs whatever. For the small-growing Cattleyas and Lalias, such as C. Walkeriana, L. praestans and L. Dayana, we take a square block of fern-root as it is sawn off and peg the small pieces on, suspending this in the usual way. It is amazing how they thrive. C. Walkeriana has made bulbs that far exceed in size any made in its native country, and is now showing for flower freely. To the close observer there is much to be learned in matters of detail; while these are often small in themselves, they go to make up the difference between failure and success. There is an all-absorbing interest in the purchase of dried-up pieces as they come from their native woods and in watching them expand as heat and moisture are supplied. But the greatest interest is at flowering time, when the buds are eagerly watched as they develop. They are oftentimes white until after the first day of opening, when the tinge of pink is almost sure to appear, for true white ones are very rare. Some of these rare white flowers are described as being so beautiful that the possibility of securing flowers of this color is all the more fascinating. South Lancaster MA, E. O. Orpet. 20 November 1895
A Few Novelties
Scabiosa Caucasica alba
This is one of the most recent novelties sent us for trial, and it is a white counterpart of the type. It is white, too, without any shading of blue in the flower, but it is in no way an improvement on the original. The principal charm of the older plant is its rare shade of lavender-blue and its free-flowering propensity, but the white variety seems to lack vigor as well as color, and it is a question if it ever becomes popular.
Saintpaulia ionantha
It is not often that we are privileged to try a genuine new plant that has so few characteristics in common with others in cultivation, and we are much pleased with this pretty little Gesneriad from South Africa. That it is new is evinced by the fact that a new genus had to be made for it, there being no other into which it would fit, and the name, contrary to expectations, seems as if it will stand the test of time; it is made to commemorate Monsieur de St. Paul Hillaire, who sent it from South Africa to his father, who later distributed it. Our plants were raised from seed sown early last year, and we obtained about fifty plants from a packet. The seeds are small, similar to those of the Gloxinia, and require the same treatment after sowing. We started to treat the plants similarly when growing, but soon found that they liked a cool house with shade from strong sunshine, and when they were moved into four-inch pots they began to bloom about July, and have continued to do so ever since without intermission. The foliage is at times almost hidden by the quantities of pretty violet-blue blossoms, and there are still no signs of their ceasing. There are no tubers to the Saintpaulia, though we rather expected there would be, on account of the close relationship of the plant to a tuber-bearing family like the Gesneriads. However, this plant will root readily from leaf-cuttings, and, after seed, this seems the most simple way to propagate it.
Spiraea Anthony Waterer
A colored figure of this novelty was published in the London Garden for January, 1894, which showed what an acquisition the plant would be if only the color of the flowers were as good as the plate represented them. Spiraea Anthony Waterer is a sport from S. Bumalda, which is itself a variety of S. Japonica, a dwarf-growing shrubby Japanese species, growing about two feet high and having flat or cymose heads of beautiful deep rose-colored flowers. As I saw these in August last at Mr. Waterer's nursery, where it originated, the color was certainly as good as the colored figure, and there can be no question that we shall soon see it as frequently in gardens as the hardy Hydrangeas when it is better known to planters. It is a sport, or bud variation, and was shown first in 1891 and received an award of merit under the name of Beauty of Knap Hill, but later, in 1893, under the above name, it received the additional honor of a first-class certificate from the highest horticultural tribunal in England, and if the color stands the hot sun here and keeps as bright as it does in the gardens of the introducer, it will be a valuable flowering shrub for July, August and September, for it has an extended flowering period. [Spiraea Anthony Waterer flowered this year for the first time in the United States. See page 315 of the current volume.-ED.]
Weigelia Eva Rathke
This may be described as a perpetualflowering Weigelia, producing clusters of bright cherry-red flowers with more or less profusion all through the summer. I saw it in August with quite a show of bloom, and shrubs that flower at that time are not common, but there was a reasonable promise of bloom for the rest of the summer, to judge from the unopened buds, and I was assured that it was as good as its raisers claimed in this respect. South Lancaster MA, E.O. Orpet. 27 November 1895
The Lily Melpomene
To the Editor of GARDEN AND FOREST: Sir, Mr. Allen has done well to call attention to the error that crept in in my notes on Lilies in a recent issue of GARDEN AND FOREST. He is quite right in stating that this Lily is not of hybrid origin, but merely a seed variation from L. speciosum. I had in mind when writing L. Parkmanni, and so the two were mixed mentally. Can any one tell where the true Melpomene of Hovey can be obtained? It does not seem to be in any lists which I have seen, and I have never known it but by repute. L. Parkmanni, I fear, we shall never see again in gardens; the whole stock was purchased from Parkman by an English firm, and I saw the whole stock with them this summer, and they assured me that it was impossible either to propagate it or make it grow in any situation, and it was dwindling away visibly, only a few remaining to mark the spot where it was planted. There seems to have been a preponderance of the blood of L. auratum in the hybrid, or, at any rate, it has inherited this fatal characteristic of that species, and the place that knew it will shortly know it no more. It is a pity that this, one of the reminders of a man of genius, should thus perish, and so soon, but we are fortunate in having other plants, like the Pyrus and the Poppy, which bear his name. South Lancaster MA, E. O. Orpet. 4 December 1895
Euphorbia (Poinsettia) pulcherrima
This beautiful Mexican shrub is well known as one of the best decorative plants for winter use, especially at this season when there is a dearth of bright color after the Chrysanthemums are gone. The old name is the one by which thle plant is generally known in gardens, and since it has become fast-rooted in garden literature Poinsettia will continue to be the common name of the plant.
In Mexico, of which country this Euphorbia is a native, it forms huge bushes or shrubs that are a mass of brilliant color at the festive season, and so also in Florida, where it is cultivated frequently. After a frost such as they experienced last winter, the plants are killed down to the ground, although they generally spring up again with returning warmth. There are two well-marked varieties of the Poinsettia that are cultivated; one has white bracts with a suffusion of green and is useful by contrast with the type, and the other is called the double form, owing to its having a double row of scarlet bracts instead of the single whorl. Both of these are more delicate in constitution than the parent, and are more liable to lose the lower leaves when approaching the flowering period, and this detracts from their value as decorative plants. We usually manage to have Poinsettias in full bloom at Thanksgiving time every year, and from then onward until after New Year we have a bright show of color for house decoration, for the dinner-table or for vases. Complaints are often heard that the bracts do not last after they are cut from the plants; this is due to the loss of sap and can be easily remedied by having a pail of boiling water ready when they are cut in which to steep the cut parts' immediately and before the loss of sap takes place. Searing the cut with a hot iron acts in the same way, but we use hot water, an old plan not so well known as it should be. For church decoration these plants are very effective and appropriate at the holiday season, but florists do not care to use them if they do not keep fresh.
After the flowers are cut the plants must be kept dry for the rest of the winter, and when there are signs of returning growth in May or June they may be cut down close to the soil, leaving only a joint or two, and these will soon start. They may then be repotted and kept outdoors all summer until cool nights arrive at the end of August. They are very sensitive to cold, and will show the effects of a cool night more quickly than almost any other plant; hence the necessity of getting them under cover first of all plants, giving them an airy house at first to prevent a weak growth, and when the heads of bracts show, an occasional watering with some stimulant will greatly help to develop large heads. We have had them twenty-two inches across, but when as large as this they are not effective for general decorative uses.
Poinsettias are easily propagated by making hardwood cuttings of two or three joints of the ripened wood and placing them in sand; these are preferable to cuttings made from soft, succulent shoots, though even the young shoots root freely if taken off after the plants have been exposed to the sun and air outdoors from the time they showed signs of starting into growth. A good heavy loamy soil is best for them at every stage of growth, and they will thrive well in one that suits Roses. Care should be taken to secure perfect drainage in the pots. South Lancaster MA, E. O. Orpet. 25 December 1895
Hybrid Perpetual Roses
After the Chrysanthemum season is past there is generally space in the greenhouses for other plants that have been stored in cold frames or other convenient places, and we now place the first lots of hybrid Roses in a warmth of forty-five to fifty degrees to start them into gentle root-action. There is not much gain by putting them in early. December is a good time if flowers are wanted in March, and it seems impossible to have good hybrids too early. We plant in deep boxes in preference to pots. The plants remain in the boxes during the whole year and there is no check to them at any time. The only time when the roots are disturbed is when the boxes decay. New soil should be added and a slight top dressing given each spring after the plants are well started. This treatment, with liberal supplies of stimulants in a liquid form, will sustain the plants in vigor.
No hybrid Rose is so satisfactory for forcing as Ulrich Brunner for crimson. The noble foliage is not equaled by that of any other Rose, and it will stand the strain of early forcing for an indefinite period. We have plants that have been grown in this way for five successive years, and they are again in the greenhouse as good as ever. Gustave Piganeau, a newer kind, has proved weak, and it rarely makes strong enough growth to warrant its early forcing. The same may be said of Susanne Marie Rodocanachi, sent out to excel the Ulrich Brunner. Thus far it has failed to equal the older sort; the color is brighter and the foliage good, but it has also a somewhat weak constitution. Marchioness of Londonderry is a promising new early forcing variety; it is as near to white in color as hybrids come, there being just a tinge of flesh-pink in the centre of the blooms. The flowers are of the largest size, on stout stems, with foliage of the same texture and deep color as Ulrich Brunner, and it is also almost thornless. It seems to be one of the most meritorious of new Roses and belongs to a class that is all too scarce, namely, hybrids of delicate tints approaching to white. Clio is another of this class, but growers say that it also is of a delicate constitution and not desirable for early flowering, but as it is grown by the English growers it would seem not to be delicate. Another season will, perhaps, decide the matter.
Mrs. R. G. Sharman Crawford is one of the newest Roses with a good reputation for forcing. It is also distinct from all others in color, a deep rosy pink, the outer petals shaded with pale flesh and merging into white at the base. It has been one of the sensational varieties of recent years, and will prove, it is hoped, good for indoor work. Captain Hayward is another sort not so well known as it deserves, a bright carmine-crimson of superb form and sweetly scented, and will make a good forcing Rose as far as can now be judged.
To those who cannot devote an entire house to early hybrid Roses during the whole year, there is an easy way to get good flowers quite as early and of equal perfection by planting in boxes at least six inches deep and of length to suit the benches, or long enough to plant four plants lengthwise and two deep. We get two crops of flowers by this method each spring indoors, and a considerable number of flowers during the summer and fall when the boxes are set out-of-doors to make their growth. They need comparatively little water; a sprinkling overhead with the hose serves to keep them both clean and moist, and in the fall the boxes are set on their sides to keep the plants from fall rains and to help mature the wood, which is at this time of a deep mahogany color with prominent buds for next season's bloom. South Lancaster MA, E. O. Orpet. 29 January 1896
Cultural Notes on Orchids
The close observer of this class of plants, whether a cultivator or a plant physiologist, cannot fail to remark that there are certain periods of rest and activity that are well marked by the plant itself. Sometimes these periods do not conform to our seasons, but, for the most part, the plants adapt themselves to the changed conditions under which they are placed, and respond to a rational system of treatment. It often puzzles the grower to know what to do with a plant that has apparently made its growth for the season early in the fall months and then makes another start, the later growth having to finish up during our winter months under adverse conditions as to light and air, the two most potent factors after warmth and moisture. This is frequently the case with newly established plants which have not quite adapted themselves to the changed seasons. Sometimes it occurs in the case of well-grown plants that have been in a collection, perhaps, for years. We have come to the conclusion that to try and retard this tendency by keeping the plants overdry at the roots is to cripple seriously latent energies; to place them in a warmer temperature with more moisture to encourage this growth results in throwing the whole mechanism of the plant out of gear. We have found it best to ignore the fact that anything abnormal is going on and to let nature rectify its own error, if error it be. Often this seems to be merely a safety valve for the escape of a superabundance of vigor, for, excepting the newly established plants, this peculiarity is confined to plants that are the most robust.
European cultivators, to whom we have been indebted hitherto for our works of reference on this subject, have laid great stress on the ripening up of growths by withholding moisture, but, aside from the fact that this system is not practicable here, owing to the greater amount of sun we get and the much larger amount of artificial heat required to maintain the proper temperature for the plants. All these conditions tend to exhaust the store of moisture, which in the case of a Cattleya bulb, whether old or new, averages over ninety per cent. Aside from these facts, the most advanced cultivators in Europe are beginning to see the fallacy of this system and to teach a more rational treatment.
It is also easily seen by the interested student that there are times when a plant is putting forth new efforts in the way of a bunch of young live roots from the base of the last-made growth. Often this is by way of fortifying itself for the crowning effort of producing flowers, and sometimes of recuperation afterward. In either case it will be found good practice to take advantage of these signs and to give any encouragement possible, such as new material and a larger pot if this is deemed necessary, remembering that decayed inert matter about epiphytal Orchids is death to roots, whether young or old. Care should be taken to remove every particle of decay by directing a jet of water on the mass before placing in new material. It would have been considered bad treatment by the authors of the reference-books to repot a Cattleya at the approach of the dull winter months, but it will be found here in practice that any day of the year is a good time, provided the plant shows signs of renewed activity at the roots, a sure index that will never betray either the plant or the cultivator.
Cypripediums are to be regarded more as terrestrial plants. They will take water freely all the year, and may be repotted at almost any time. This is a good time, as the roots are, for the most part, dormant, or have but few growing tips, and these are not so easily injured as the brittle white roots of the epiphytes. If a Cypripedium holds tenaciously to the pot in which it is, as is often the case with older plants of C. insigne and its hybrids, it is well to soak the roots in water the day before potting, and, if it is necessary, to break the pot to liberate the roots. The broken parts will easily separate when charged with moisture, and this is true of Cattleyas and other genera. It is not economical to spare the pot when the contents represent, possibly, as many dollars as the pot does cents. For such Orchids as require a quantity of water at all seasons it is safe to use sphagnum-moss liberally in the potting material. Cypripediums and Odontoglossums belong to this class. Dendrobiums, we find, do well in moss alone, for it can be easily washed out each year and new living moss added, but for Cattleyas we have for several years used no moss, and only the best grade of Osmunda-root. The moss, we find, only hastens the decay of the fibre, and when the latter is used alone there is no danger from overwatering, and the compost is well aerated at all times, a condition favorable to the development of good live roots, apparently the basis of vigor and success.
Much can be done to render the atmosphere agreeable to the occupants of our plant houses besides the ordinary applications of moisture on the paths. An occasional damping down with some liquid stimulant is desirable, and we have found that a minute proportion of sulphate of ammonia in the water has a beneficial effect, giving a healthy green color to the foliage. A quantity of Oak leaves brought in twice a year and placed under the centre benches helps to give off ammonia. These should be well treated with air-slacked lime to prevent snails and other insects from coming forth, but I am told that the lime would help to impoverish the supply of carbonic acid gas, and in this way not be a benefit, although liberating the ammonia contained in the decaying leaves. Fresh air, as often as available, is one of the chief essentials to keeping a healthy atmosphere. This is not easy when the temperature is far below the freezing point outdoors, but a system of ventilators near the heating pipes makes it easy to warm the air as it comes into the house. Even in hot weather this is the better way to change the air in preference to opening wide the top ventilators and letting out all of the carefully balanced moisture-laden atmosphere we have been at so much trouble to prepare. Greenhouses are seldom constructed with openings in the brick-work for ventilation, but this is most essential for successful culture and should be more insisted upon than it is. Water also that is taken from the supply-pipes direct is far too cold in winter for spraying or watering. Here it averages forty-five degrees in the winter months, and it is not well to use it for spraying a house at from seventy to eighty degrees. We have in part overcome this difficulty by placing on the warmest flow-pipes a cylinder holding sixty gallons, and taking the water from this to the warm houses. The water is let in at the base of the cylinder and out at the top. and in this way we secure a supply of tepid water adequate to our needs at all times when fire heat is used.
White scale is the worst enemy the Orchid grower has to contend with; it comes on the plants as they are received from the woods, and increases at a rapid rate, but a fine jet of water, as from the Stott sprayer, will, if used with a good force, effectually rid the plants of this pest, and without the least injury to them.
In successful plant-culture it is the trifles that tell. Sometimes they are inappreciable to the cultivator himself and a puzzle to others, but more often they are wholly at the will of the careful student who avails himself of the signs given by the plants themselves. A system that is haphazard is likely to give results that correspond. South Lancaster MA, E. O. Orpet. 12 February 1896
Amaryllis
Upon looking over the stock of mature bulbs of Amaryllis at this time I find that many need encouragement as the flower-spikes are just showing up. It is sometimes desirable to have them come on in succession, and in this case it is best not to repot all the bulbs now, but only those that are most advanced, starting the others later as they require. We have found, however, that it is not well to retard Amaryllis-bulbs to any great extent beyond their natural flowering time. Last year the display would have been of little value to us before May, and an attempt was made to keep them for this time, but the spikes received a check, and were not nearly so fine as if encouraged to come on steadily from the time they were potted. Indeed, many did not develop beyond the bud-stage. On the other hand, if started now and kept in moderate warmth until warm weather this early start will give the bulbs a long season of growth, and the foliage will be sufficiently matured on the arrival of frost in autumn to allow that the pots be put on their sides under the stages, or in some convenient place in the greenhouse of no special value for other plants. If the pots are stood on an earthen bottom after the leaves have died off it will be found that very little water will be needed during winter, as the pots will absorb enough moisture from the earth to keep the roots from becoming too dry. Amaryllis of the hybrid section, such as are generally grown, are almost truly deciduous; but a few roots are sure to remain in a living at this time, and the more there are the better will be the start made from this time on. The effort the plant is required to make in producing the large flowers is considerable, as may be easily seen by the shrunken condition of the bulbs that were plump and fat before starting to grow, and it takes them all summer to recuperate and lay a foundation for the following year. At potting-time it will be found that there are a number of young offsets clustered around the parent bulb. It is preferable to keep to a single bulb in a six or seven inch pot after the flowering size and strength has been attained, and these offsets may be planted around the edge of other pots to grow on separately. If space is limited, later on in early summer they may be planted out in the open ground, where they will make a good growth if carefully protected from frost, to which they are most susceptible both in spring and fall. Flowering-size bulbs may be planted in pots of large size, several in a pot, but I am of opinion that for decorative purposes they are more serviceable when dotted in among a groundwork of green, owing to their scant foliage. A setting of Adiantum cuneatum is especially useful for this purpose. Another reason why pots of a small size are to be preferred is because of the ease with which these can be stored in winter. They will stand on a very narrow margin next the walks under the benches, not too near the heating pipes. It will have much to do with the popularity of Amaryllis when it is realized how easy it is to store the pots when the benches are crowded with other occupants.
For potting material we use a good sound loam made rich with the addition of bone ground moderately fine. Bone-meal should not be used, this being apt to close the pores of the soil and prevent proper aeration, a most important point in the culture of all pot plants. To assist aeration we use coarse sand and charcoal dust, and if the loam is naturally heavy or retentive some leaf-mold or material from an old Mushroom bed to lighten it. Amaryllis have thick succulent roots and like a rich, free-rooting soil.
It is also desirable to place the pots where the soil contained in them will be at least as warm or a little warmer than the temperature of the structure in which they are. To accomplish this the great English growers place them in a gentle bottom-heat of some fermenting material until the flowers are developed. But this is not necessary if the pots are placed on a bench over the heating pipes, and some non-conducting material, as sand, put between the pots. A part of a propagating bench is as good a position as one could desire. The roots will start and grow without any check, and sometimes the quantity of bloom is doubled by this means.
Thrips are the one enemy to be avoided in Amaryllis culture, and their work is shown by the under sides of the foliage turning red in spots. A wash with any approved insecticide will banish them if followed up once or twice at intervals of a few days. No shade is needed at any time, except to prolong their beauty when the flowers expand, the Amaryllis being a native of south Africa and a sun-loving plant.
This is a good time to sow seeds of a good strain. These have a peculiar black envelope like tissue-paper. The germ is small in comparison with the envelope, and the whole is easily lost from overwatering before germination takes place. To avoid loss, the seeds should be pressed into the soil on edge when sowing them, covered lightly with very sandy soil and placed in a temperature of seventy degrees, Fahrenheit, until they are well up. Seedlings will be found to keep their foliage during winter until the flowering stage has been reached; this varies from two to three years. As soon as the plants are strong enough to bloom the leaves will die off each year in autumn. Young bulbs must, therefore, be given encouragement during winter and summer from their infancy until they show signs of maturity, and after that they must have an annual rest of four to five months. There are evergreen species of Amaryllis in cultivation that have been derived partly from A. aulica, which is evergreen, and from a packet of seed it is often noted that some plants are obtained whose leaves never die down. These are the exceptions, and must be treated accordingly, as an attempt to dry off the foliage will most likely result in no bloom the following year. South Lancaster MA, O. Orpet. 19 February 1896
Dipladenias
Each recurring season reminds us of the value of these Brazilian climbing plants for the greenhouse, and there is a possibility of their soon becoming much used for planting outdoors in summer, since there is every reason to believe that they will be as well adapted for this purpose as for indoor use. Full sunshine is indispensable and rain will not injure the blooms, and in a warm position, with light soil, they will be sure to succeed. We have a batch of seedlings from seed saved last year, and as some of the plants have already bloomed we look forward to seeing them all flower during the coming season. Seeds are not often produced in this genus, but I have personal knowledge of three instances where it has been secured and plants raised from it. It is also an easy matter to propagate Dipladenias from cuttings of one or two joints each, made from well-ripened growth. When rooted they must not be potted in material that will become impacted. We use nothing but fern-root fibre to grow them in. With this it is impossible to overwater the plants, and it holds enough moisture in suspension to satisfy their needs. We use manure-water when the plants are in active growth and bloom. Loam in the soil has been the cause of more failures than anything else. It is necessary to grow the plants in full sunshine, even in the hottest summer months, and plenty of water should be used to spray with, as insects are liable to increase rapidly if they once get a foothold. It used to be considered indispensable to keep Dipladenias in a warm house at all seasons, especially when at rest in winter; the temperature of the Rose-house in summer for daytime, and fifty degrees, Fahrenheit, during night in winter, is best suited to them. It is difficult to imagine a prettier sight than a low span-roofed house with the roof covered with Dipladenias. The sprays of bright pink flowers shade off to crimson as they get older, the same sprays blooming continually from May until November. The growth of Dipladenias is not so rampant as is that of most tropical climbers, and is easily kept within reasonable limits. Last summer Roses were grown successfully in the benches underneath, and there are positions in every greenhouse where these plants would do well. We grow D. profusa, D. amabilis and D. Brearleyana, all of which are good, the latter the richest-colored and largest-flowered of all. We cut the plants back at the close of the blooming period each winter, when they go to rest naturally, and keep them drier until they show signs of starting again at about this time. They are then repotted in pots or pans a size larger. At potting time it will be seen that these plants have large tuberous roots, not unlike Dahlia roots in shape, but more woody. These are the reservoirs of vitality and are easily injured, but if handled carefully there need be no check to the plants. Water should be applied with great care until active growth begins in the warm spring months. When the plants are grown in full exposure to the sun in an unshaded house, the pots containing the plants ought to be shaded by a layer of moss or other non-conducting material to prevent injury to the roots from the heat. We also put a layer of moss on the surface of the potting material in hot weather to show the condition as to moisture, and find this beneficial. South Lancaster ma, E. O. Orpet. 26 February 1896
Pentstemons
The old-fashioned border flowers are no longer so carefully tended as they once were by the specialists, and it is a rare thing now to find a good collection of Tulips, Auriculas, Carnations or Picotees. In the old days the number of plants in cultivation was small in comparison to what it is today; the limits of horticulture were circumscribed for those of moderate means, and the result was that these classes of plants were taken in hand by enthusiasts who became identified with one or more of each and made a close study of them, with the result that they were improved to the utmost limit, and there are no better kinds today than there were a generation ago. The old-time exhibitions have largely died out, too; many, if not most, of the plants formerly displayed it would be impossible to obtain now. This must not be considered a retrogression altogether, but rather an indication that gardening is too broad a subject to be restricted to exhibition limits, and border Carnations, Tulips, Auriculas and Pentstemons are grown now to be enjoyed in the garden instead of on the show board with the regulation frilled white paper collars round each bloom.
It is more especially of the Pentstemon that I wish to speak as I saw it at its best in English gardens last August. At Kew especially, in the public parks and everywhere in home gardens, large beds were devoted to them, and the colors were as brilliant as those of Gladioli, and with about the same range of colors, too, but with more elegantly shaped flowers. The flowers were as large and the spikes as tall as well-grown Foxgloves, and admirably adapted for house decoration when cut. The season of bloom, too, lasted for two months I was told, and it seemed there were few plants that could give such returns for so little trouble. When asking about the sorts I was told that they were in all cases seedlings raised from a sowing made early in the year and set out in summer, the plants being treated as annuals instead of perennials; in this way winter storing was dispensed with. Seed was saved from the best flowers each year for the display to follow. Now, it at once occurred to me that the progenitors of this race of garden Pentstemons are all north-western American plants, the dominating blood being that of Pentstemon Hartwegii, its brilliant scarlet being very evident, while the more sombre purples and blues were derived from P. Coboca and others. As now grown, however, they are distinct enough in themselves to lose any identity with any particular species.
There seems to be no reason why we cannot have beds of these fine border flowers as easily as they are obtained in Europe. There may be cultivators of Pentstemons here, but I have not seen them. Here we have made a start in the right direction by securing seeds from several sources and the plants are well up now; the results will be noted later in the summer, but there seems to be no reason to doubt that the experiment will be a success. South Lancaster MA, E. O. Orpet. 25 March 1896
Garden Annuals
It is now generally admitted that for the best and most continuous display of flowers during the whole of the summer season annual plants are essential. Perennials can be relied on for early flowers before tender annuals can be even planted out, and they will also furnish a late fall display after the advent of frost. The most approved practice, therefore, is to so combine the two that there be no intermission, and this is not difficult if a little care in selection and a little foresight in planting be exercised. We have this week made such sowings of the earliest annuals as may be deemed necessary, and at a later date, say at the end of this month, the general sowing of all such seeds as are planted each season will be made, and this will be found a good time if a hot-bed or a greenhouse be at hand to place them in after being sown. The old-time plan of sowing in a hot-bed is not today superseded. There is no better place to obtain the proper conditions that insure even germination and a sturdy aftergrowth than a hot-bed of moderate heat if an inch or two of earth be spread over the fermenting materials to prevent an excess of steam. This is also a good place for plunging the pots or pans, but a warm greenhouse is most generally used where it can be commanded, although it is not at all essential.
For the sowing of all seeds it is well to compound the soil in such a way that it will neither become hard on the surface so as to prevent the young cotyledons from pushing through, nor dry out too quickly. No mistake is more fatal to successful germination than allowing the soil to become dry just as the seeds are about to sprout, and to avoid this we set the pans or pots altogether in a warm place and cover them with paper until germination takes place, when they are taken out as fast as the cotyledons are well developed and set apart in a lighter position; this covering will prevent too rapid drying, will also tend to guard against extremes of temperature, and is altogther the best way to save labor in watering and get the best returns for work and care. Soil for seed-sowing must always be made light in texture as well as weight by the addition of plenty of leaf-mold, and if the compost from a spent mushroom-bed is available it is well to add at least one-third of this, sifting the whole well, and after the seeds are sown covering them with soil that has passed through a sieve with a mesh no coarser than one-eighth of an inch. A sprinkling of sand over the surface of the top will prove a good index as to state of the soil as to moisture, as it is then possible to see at a glance if water is needed. These little details may seem frivolous, but are in themselves the secret of success in getting good returns from seeds that are either slow to germinate or of weak vitality.
It may be well to name a few of the annuals that we have found to fill all the requirements for display in the garden and to be at the same time available to cut for house decoration; and it may be added here that if a plant does not produce flowers that are fit for this latter use it is hardly worth while to grow it. There are so many plants now that are good for both purposes that we have a sufficiently long list of these alone to choose from ordinarily. Zinnias we regard as indispensable to even the smallest garden; they have done more toward filling the place of the scarlet Geranium than all the other forces together; they are easily raised from seed, and give a profuse and abundant bloom for at least three months; we use the tall and dwarf strains — a double row, one of each, makes a fine effect in a long border, or if used in the mixed borders they may be planted in groups where other plants are likely to die down early in the season, as sometimes happens with early-blooming perennials, and they will cover the ground and give a bright effect just when it is most needed, during the early fall months. Good Asters are as essential as Zinnias, but we here also prefer the tall kinds with long stems, such as those known locally as Boston Market, for early use, and the new branching kinds which are admirable later. There are so many strains of Aster now on the lists that it is perplexing to know just which to select, but it is safe to add some each of the old standard kinds from the Paeony and Victoria sections, for example, as these are as good as any for a display, and they also have a good length of stem.
There has been an amazing improvement of recent years in the Antirrhinums, and seed of good strains will produce flowers that would hardly be recognized as the old-time Snapdragon. They are continuous bloomers from the time they begin until after frost, and may be even taken up and put in the greenhouse for a winter crop if kept from flowering for a few weeks before lifting, when they will give a spring crop of bloom that is most acceptable. The annual Scabious are good, too, for cutting, and give a great profusion of bloom; these may be sown outdoors when the soil is warm and will do best in this way, but a few started now will give earlier flowers.
The new Japanese Ipomceas are well worth a trial if a good strain is secured, but there are some that are inferior, and this has brought into bad repute a most interesting novelty among summer flowers, one of the best of its kind for a number of years. The flowers are of almost all shades of blue, purple, crimson, pink and many other intermediate shades, all of silkiest lustre; many of them, too, are double, and the foliage is in many cases beautifully marbled or mottled with silvery white, or golden bronze. These Morning Glories are perennials, but are better raised from seeds each year, unless some specially good variety is worth keeping over in the greenhouse. The seeds are hard-shelled and need to be scratched through the outer shell with a knife and put in water for a few hours till they swell, and if planted then they will germinate in a day or two. These plants are useful for fences, piazzas, arbors and any other place where a climber of quick growth is desired for the summer months.
The Celosias are worth trying; in fact, they have been successfully tried in some places as summer annuals in the border. We hope to make trial of them more extensively this year. Though they have generally been grown in pots, they will do much better in the open ground if strong when set out, and the season of bloom is so long as to make them specially valuable in the border. Care should be taken to save the weak seedlings, as these often carry the best plumes, the strong vigorous growers often making no plumes worth the name even in pots where root-room is restricted. Last summer I saw the new Nemesia strumosa splendidly in bloom in Mr. Chamberlain's garden, at Manchester, and when well grown, as these were, there are few annuals so showy for a sunny position. They have been somewhat disappointing here, but this was evidently due to a failure to understand all their necessities. The seed must be sown in pots to insure germination, they are so small.
In a dry, sandy, poor soil, which must sometimes be occupied, there are a few annuals that will do better than in richer compost; indeed, I have failed altogether to flower the scarlet Salvia in the ordinary border, where they never stopped to bloom, but kept on growing until frost cut them off. In dry positions, however, where the soil is poor, they will produce a blaze of color, and are not to be despised as cut bloom for house decoration. Petunias of the improved strains are also well adapted to such soil, where they grow rapidly and flower profusely, and a margin of Portulacca will complete a pretty effect in a spot not easy to make beautiful under other treatment. With Sweet Peas, as with Asters, it is a difficult matter to select the kinds to grow from such a long list, but, given the colors that are desired, they should be planted as soon as the frost is out of the ground and it is possible to work it conveniently. We do not like to plant in the same place year after year, but always take out the soil to the depth of at least eighteen inches, placing at the bottom of the trenches good manure, filling up to within six inches of the top and then sowing the peas. It is then possible to add a little more earth later on at staking-time, and still leave a trench to pour on water when it is needed. They are very thirsty in the flowering-time, and we leave the hose running in the trench all night, to their great delight. The annual sales of Sweet Pea seeds have come to be one of the most remarkable features of modern horticulture. They are grown by the ton in California, and no better samples are to be found. There is no excuse for foreign-grown seeds, and, indeed, we hear little of them now, compared with what we heard a few years ago. Even English novelties are now sent to California, where they are grown to secure stock for selling. The climate is well adapted to them, and their cultivation has been reduced to a profitable system. I find that other seeds grown in California as well as Sweet Peas are well acclimated, and thrive better here than those of European origin do. South Lancaster MA, E. O. Orpet. 1 April 1896
Caladiums
It is not surprising that bulbs and other tuberous-rooted plants occupy so prominent a place in decorative gardening, for without these there would be a great loss of decorative material. Plants which accumulate nutriment for another year in bulbous or tuberous roots can be stored away during their resting season in a very small compass, and the advantage of this is obvious. It is necessary to prepare each year for considerable summer decoration, and at the same time provide space in the greenhouses for the growing of cut flowers. No plants are more useful for summer decoration than the fancy-leaved Caladiums. There has been quite a revolution in this class of plants since their cultivation was taken up in Brazil by skilled operators under the best possible conditions. At the World's Fair in Chicago an education was afforded by the fine examples of Caladiums seen there, and which showed brilliant colors and excellent cultivation, the fine effect being obtained in but a few weeks and continuing throughout the season. The newer kinds, to that time practically unknown to us, were made familiar, and these are no more difficult to grow than the older kinds of less brilliant coloring. We have fairly tested this new Brazilian set of Caladiums for several seasons. The cost is reasonable, and they are very effective. A set to be found in English nurseries surpasses them in one respect, that of dwarf habit. I am told that this habit was brought about by crossing the larger highcolored varieties with the dwarf red variety Caladium minus erubescens that we grow as a companion to C. argyrites. The resulting progeny is superb in coloring, dwarf in habit, and excessively high in price at present, but some day we hope they will be obtainable. Among other things we have noticed that the varieties that have foliage of pale color and thin texture, often without a trace of green in their composition, are also very sensitive to sunlight, and practically of no value for general decoration such as we need for terrace or piazza, and are of little use except in the greenhouse, owing, perhaps, to the lack of chlorophyll. But as conservatory plants they are very beautiful; the transparency of the leaves, through which it is possible to read a newspaper, gives them interest in a collection. The varieties of higher color are all that one could desire, and there are, I think, as many as sixty in all. We had the set complete at the start, but many of them were practically identical, and more were undesirable owing to the dull tints, and the original number is reduced consequently. But the distinctive character of the collection is due to the influence of this Brazilian strain. It is to be desired for us that are not Portuguese scholars that the raiser in future give to his infants names that could be pronounced by an Anglo-Saxon tongue. I shall not attempt to put the names in type here, for they can be seen at a glance in lists of Caladiums, and there is the consolation that the plants are at least as distinct as their nomenclature.
A few remarks about their cultivation to those who wish to try them: Caladiums are distinctly tropical, being found directly under the equator, and cannot be treated to too high a temperature as we understand this particular in greenhouse work. It is in the manner of resting the tubers that manv fail, but we always shake the tubers out of the pots in autumn and place them in the warmest part of the boiler-room, each kind being provided with a new label and placed in dry sand in small pots or in such as are large enough to accomodate the tubers. In this way a large number may be stored in small space without the loss of a single individual, care being taken a when they are shaken out to clean all decayed portions away and to rub on a little charcoal-dust if there is any sign of decay. Since we have taken the precaution to place a handful of sand under the tubers at potting-time they have almost entirely escaped from the rot that used to give a great deal of trouble at their bases. To be of the most use to us Caladiums must be started early in the season, so that they shall be well grown in the early summer months and the foliage well developed and in a condition to stand exposure at that season. We start them early in the year for this reason, and this makes it possible to store them away under the benches at the time in fall when all plants must be got under glass, and the space occupied by a collection of Caladiums is needed for winter-flowering plants. This early start, therefore, gives us a twofold advantage. But those who have not a warm house commanding at least a temperature of sixty-five at night had better wait until later in spring, when it is attainable, for a good brisk heat is necessary to get a free growth of large well-colored foliage. Caladiums like a light rich soil. We add a large proportion of spent mushroorn-bed material to a compost of leaf-mold and loam, made porous with plenty of sand, and later in the season, if necessary, liquid stimulant is given. The aim is to produce the greatest leaf-development, and, on the whole, it is easy to accomplish.
I am glad to find that there is an operator at work in Florida on this family of plants, and we have now in course of trial some two dozen or more varieties raised in that state, where they thrive outdoors with great vigor. It is not too much to expect that we may have in the near future a race of American Caladiums equal to those we have hitherto received from abroad. South Lancaster MA, E. O. Orpet. 29 April 1896
Flower Garden Work
Spring has opened very late this season, and now, on the tenth of April, frost is still in the ground in many places. Outdoor work has been considerably retarded, but if steady warm weather sets in soon this will make a more prosperous year than early warmth followed by hard frosts.
It was feared that the losses from severe cold would be great owing to the low temperature early in the winter before much snow had fallen. This fear has proved well founded with the hardy Roses, at least, and many gaps will need filling up. This work should not be delayed longer than need be after the soil can be stirred, and dormant stock is the best to procure. We used to think that Roses on their own roots were best, but subsequent experience of the New England climate has disproved this, and there is no doubt that where a gardener is sufficiently intelligent to distinguish between the brier-shoots that will sometimes sprout from the stock, that the grafted or budded Rose is the most vigorous and the hardiest, and will produce better returns in the garden than Roses that are on their own roots. Another mistake often made is the planting of too many kinds in the hope of getting up a large collection of hardy varieties. Our experience has been that of the known kinds of reputed hardy Roses not more than one in ten is to be relied on year after year in this climate, and it is safer to use fewer kinds and plant more of them. Pruning is again reduced to a very simple operation this season. It consists in cutting out the dead portions and leaving the live ones, and this in most cases is too hard pruning to get the best returns.
The Narcissus border looks well and promises a good show of bloom soon. We feared that lack of protection had hurt these bulbs, but there is every prospect of as good a show as in former seasons of the kinds regarded as suitable for this climate. It is well to go over the beds and stir the soil up a little as soon as it is dried up sufficiently to close up the surface left open by frost. This will help to retain the moisture that is in the soil for future dry periods. If it is intended to use the blossoms for indoor decoration it is wise to put a slight mulch over the beds to prevent April showers from splashing the flowers with soil. This often happens, and a slight mulch saves the blooms from disfigurement.
Mixed herbaceous borders should be looked over now to see that none of the smaller growing plants have suffered from frost. It happens frequently that these are raised out of the ground by the action of frosts, and they will need to be replaced carefully and made firm. Mertensia Virginica has seeded freely here in the borders, and the young plants are often lifted out of the soil in this way. It is one of the prettiest of spring flowers of which too many cannot be had, but they need this attention at this season. Primula Sieboldii that are planted outside are covered in the fall as are the Polyanthus, and they then winter over well, but all coverings must now be removed to anticipate growth which will soon follow.
Beds of Lily-of-the-valley not covered with manure in the fall will be helped now by a covering of some good material, not too lumpy, so that the young shoots can come through freely. This will enable them to build up a strong growth for the next year's flowering. We always cover these plants in the fall, and the covering acts as a mulch as well as a fertilizer. It is not removed in spring, but left to enrich the plants permanently. It is surprising how the plants show their appreciation of this little attention. This is a good time to make a bed of the Lily-of-the-valley. The best Berlin pips or crowns should be procured and planted about eight inches apart each way in good soil in a position shady during the heat of the day, and they will be sure to give entire satisfaction in after years.
Any other planting in the mixed borders should be deferred until the plants already in place have made a little start, or some plants will be disturbed that should not be. After such herbaceous plants have made a little growth the root-action will go on with little check and will make a strong growth the coming year, provided the soil is well prepared beforehand. Plants that have been raised from seed with a view to transplanting in the garden must be well hardened off before setting out, as, though they may be perfectly hardy under normal conditions, they have been rendered as susceptible to cold as if they were of tropical origin and are as easily injured at this season. A few weeks in the cold frames, with plenty of air on warm days and nights, will make them sufficiently hardy to plant out in their permanent positions at the end of this month, or a little later in some localities. It is a part of each year's work at this time to look carefully through the borders to take out all self-sown seedlings that are not needed. These will come up in quantity all over the beds, and are usually weedy, poor variations from the type plants, so much so at times as to give rise to the suspicion that good forms of some garden plants revert to the original types. But more often it is because the better and weaker plant has been made yet weaker by seeding freely, and its place is soon taken by a host of its progeny that in many cases are worthless. Phlox, Aquilegias and Larkspurs are plants of this description, and seedlings should be rigidly excluded from the borders other than those in semi-wild places. Here they may be allowed to care for themselves, and it does not take long for them to revert to the original types if left to their own devices. The strongest survives, and in most instances it is the weediest. South Lancaster MA, E. O. Orpet. [This article was written before the untimely warm wave of mid-April, and should have appeared last week. Its suggestions, however, are still seasonable.-ED.] 6 May 1896
Spring-flowering Plants
The recent exceptionally warm weather has brought into bloom most of the early spring flowers with magical rapidity, and in a week the face of nature was transformed from winter here to the bloom and beauty of spring. Fortunately, cooler days have followed without frosts to injure this growth, and there is promise of a favorable spring season. The past winter was exceptionally fatal as to plant-life, and many of the shrubs considered hardy have been injured sadly. Magnolia Soulangeana has all flower-buds killed, and many other of the smaller plants of various Magnolias have been severely killed back. I observed today the first flowers open on the plant of M. Kobus (Thurberii). This plant is quite an old one, and was presented to Dr. Thurber when it was named, but it has not bloomed till now. It is not one of the showiest species, but is a vigorous grower of compact habit and of brightest green in summer. The newer M. Watsoni has been killed to the ground. The plants were small, but were well established last year, and, indeed, it bore flowers last spring that were much admired, and it was considered a genuine acquisition to the list of garden shrubs. It may possibly prove hardy if protected in a sheltered position, and it would be of interest to learn how it has behaved in other localities.
Paeonia corallina and P. Wittmanniana are two of the rarer species of Paeony not often seen in cultivation, and belong to the very early-flowering type of which P. tenuifolia is the best known representative. Neither of the first named has flowered here before, owing, as we thought, to tenderness of the early shoots; the buds were to be seen, but they did not develop properly, but it would seem now that the failure was due to lack of flowering strength, for, now that the clumps are well established, they are both about to flower. Several species of Paeony are great additions to gardens when they are obtainable, but, for some reason, we do not often see them in lists, probably owing to the greater demand for the showy garden forms of P. herbacea, but those that flower so early in the year have a value of their own. The flower-buds of these are now showing color, while those of the garden forms are scarcely to be seen above ground.
In years past we have noted the beauty of Puschkinia Libanotica, and each year it is among the very first to open its blossoms in the outdoor garden, defying frost and snows, and only waiting for a few bright days to expand its pretty flowers. It is very similar to a Scilla, and might be easily taken for one, but the bells are of a very pale blue, almost white, with a distinct dark blue stripe down each division of the bell-shaped perianth. Here it is not only hardy, but seeds freely each year, and from a half dozen bulbs first planted we have now as many as fifty large and small. The seeds seem to grow freely where they fall, for they have never been collected or sown in the regular way, but with the non-disturbance of the soil by digging or otherwise we have quite a little colony of this pretty spring flower.
I think, also, that for the past three or four years the pretty Fritillaria aurea has been noted for its good ways, and the temptation is strong to speak of it again now; it is the only one of the Fritillaries that I know that will thrive in the outdoor garden in this latitude. F. Meleagris will exist for years, but not so as to give any pleasure to its possessor, and the Crown Imperials are very uncertain in their habits, but F. aurea has been perfectly happy here for the past three years. The color of the flowers is a bright yellow outside, checkered with black squares within in a very pretty fashion. It is also very easy to increase from the number of young bulbs formed round the older ones. The western F. pudica is also one of the prettiest of the native Fritillaries, but is too tender for this section to do well; it is a modest little flower with a charm all its own, but is best grown in pots indoors in winter.
There has always lingered a suspicion as to the absolute hardiness of the Eremurus in an open, much exposed location, and until last fall we have always given it a protection of straw, but by accident this was omitted last November, and many were the doubts as to the result. When spring came we had deep frost without snow for protection, and many things suffered in consequence, but not so the Eremuri, for they are coming up stronger than ever and seem to have enjoyed the cold on the whole. The two species we have are E. robustus and E. Himalayacus, but soon we hope to try more of them, the difficulty being to get them in good strong roots of the rarer kinds, the demand being apparently greater than the supply. There need be no more doubt as to the hardiness of these fine border plants.
A plant long known in gardens as Amaryllis Hallii here in New England proves to be Lycoris squamigera, and under the latter name has been recently made plentiful by importers of bulbs from the east. As A. Hallii it has been cultivated in a garden at New Bedford for many years, and was possibly brought there by some of the trading ships that used to start from that port, and as a hardy bulbous plant it has great merit. It is the only really hardy member of the genus that we can cultivate here, and there was a doubt as to whether the bulbs recently obtained were identical with the older ones long known here. I am glad to see that they have come through the winter without any harm, with no protection whatever, and are growing freely, though not large enough to bloom this season; there appears to be no doubt that we can depend on the two being identical and within easy reach of cultivators. South Lancaster MA, E. O. Orpet. [Lycoris squamigera was originally brought from China by Dr. George R. Hall, of Bristol, Long Island, and was distributed as Amaryllis Hallii by the Messrs. Hovey, of Boston. The plant was described and figured in GARDEN AND FOREST, vol. iii., p. 176.-ED.] 20 May 1896
Flower Garden Notes
This is one of the most interesting parts of the year in the garden, even with the extreme heat and dryness of this particular season. April showers have this year been very rare and are sadly needed.
The show of Apple-blossoms at this time is the feature of the country where apples are grown in quantity, and as a flowering tree alone it has few equals. The flowering Crabs are, perhaps, quite as pleasing, with more variation of coloring, and for this reason are finding favor with planters. There is a set of some ten kinds in flower here. They are beautiful planted in a large crescent-shaped bed, the ground being covered with late-flowering Tulips, the Parrot, Gesneriana and Darwin varieties mixed. The combination of Tulips is extremely beautiful now, when the early border kinds are all past. A little later the Oriental Poppies that are planted between will come on and give a second display, and when the Tulips are dying down Zinnias will be planted over them for a late summer effect. We thus get four distinct displays from the same bed with only the annual planting of the Zinnias. This plan is, perhaps, adapted only to beds of large size, so that there is a mass of color in its season.
Lily-of-the-valley is now in full bloom, much earlier than usual, owing to the heat, but the flowers are not so fine as in some years, because of the lack of water. If care is taken to thin them out every three years or so it is surprising how much better they will grow than those forced under glass in winter, provided the best variety of crowns are planted, such as are used for culture under glass.
Hardy Primroses are not esteemed very highly, and it is a question if there are any species that are to be regarded as proof against the severity of our winters. With a little protection some will prove very satisfactory at this season. A few hundred of the garden Polyanthus, raised from seeds a year ago and grown all last summer in shade under the Elm-trees, are a beautiful show at present. All the gradations of color in yellows and reds, mixed together with none that clash, make a very pleasing effect in a shaded position. Last fall, just before frost-time, a covering of straw about six inches thick was placed over these plants and removed early this spring. This is all the care taken, besides seeing that plenty of moisture was provided during the growing period. Primula Sieboldii, the Japan Primrose, is now at its best, treated in the same way. We find this useful for cutting, the erect stiff stems being better than those of the Polyanthus when grown under the same conditions. It is deserving of much wider cultivation. I do not remember to have seen it elsewhere, and it is usually regarded as a tender spring-flowering plant, but is hardy enough to stand out over winter, with covering. The typical P. Sieboldii is a rich, deep rosy purple color and is the best variety to grow, though there are numerous other kinds, some called white. But there is not the purity of color one would expect, and the same remark applies to the many other varieties of P. Sieboldii in commerce, the type being still in advance of the "improved" varieties. There is, also a set of double Primroses, common in English gardens, the colors varying from rich deep red to lavender, yellow and pure white. We have never been able to get the red-flowering sort, but we have the other colors and grow them in quantities in frames for early spring flowers, treating them the same as Violets. They have proved as hardy as the Polyanthus during the past winter and quite as satisfactory in the open border, under the same treatment. These are true Primroses, having one flower only on each stem, this being the point in which they differ from the Polyanthus or many-flowered Primrose.
All the yellow-flowered Narcissus are past, and we have only the Poet's varieties left, but these are very beautiful now, planted in the grass under Apple-trees in an orchard. This is the proper place for the stellate-flowered kinds, without doubt. Not only are the rich borders unfitted to them, but the flowers to be seen at their best need a green setting such as the grass affords, and under trees the grass is thin and is allowed to grow until hay-time, when the Narcissus have about matured their foliage, and may be cut off without injury to the bulbs. All of the Poeticus section, also Barrii, Leedsii and incomnparabilis, are eminently adapted to this mode of culture, and I am not sure that some of the large yellow Trumpet kinds would not do better under this system, but this is a matter for further trial. Some Narcissi dwindle away and some thrive in rich soil. Those that disappear probably have good reason for doing so, and it is fair to assume that, provided they are hardy, it must be from uncongenial soil.
Mertensia Virginica has been beautiful for two weeks past, and is still as blue as the Myosotis. It is one of the best spring flowers we have, and as a companion for it may be recommended Corydalis nobilis, the noble Fumitory, a near relative to the Dicentras, with foliage similarly cut, and large clusters of flowers of bright yellow, with dark brown centres. It is a difficult plant to transplant, owing to the nature of:the rootstock. Any one who has moved roots of the old Bleedingheart will remember the half-decayed state of the thickened roots, and the same peculiarity applies to Corydalis nobilisi, so much so that it takes a year or two for the plants to fully recover from a removal. But it is a valuable plant for spring blooming and a fitting companion for Dicentra eximia, the best form of this being now in full bloom. It is one of the best native plants we have for the open border, though it comes from Tennessee and Georgia.
Trollius Europaeus and T. Asiaticus have proved so well adapted to this climate that a trial of the other cultivated sorts has been made, and a complete set of those grown in European gardens were obtained last year. These are now in bloom, with the exception of T. patulus and its white variety, the plants of which did not live. The double T. Japonicus is a real gain, owing to the brilliance of its orange-yellow color, and so is T. napellifolius, which is a fine large flower, but the improved garden forms sent are no better than, those raised here from seed of T. Europaeus and T. Asiaticus, and are not so well suited to our climate. It is desirable when a good form from seedling plants appears in the garden to save seed from it. Plants raised in this way often have exceptional value, and some of the best globe flowers we now have we secured by this means.
Paeonia Wittmanniana is now in flower. It comes in before P. tenuifolia, and has single cup-shaped, creamy white flowers, with abundant yellow anthers and traces of purple at the base of the cup. It is interesting as a species, and also on account of its early flowering season. P. tenuifolia will be in bloom in a day or two, and there are few more desirable garden plants than the early-flowering Paeonies, including the tree varieties, and they come at a season when there are no rosebugs to devour them. South Lancaster MA, E. O. Orpet. 10 June 1896
Flower Garden Notes
The recent showers have made a great improvement in the borders and made it possible to plant out annuals to be added at this time for effects later in summer, when most of the perennials are past. This arrangement has, in past seasons, proved desirable for the best results during the entire season. Mixed borders are superseding herbaceous borders and include bulbs for the early spring. A border made up in this way will be interesting from April until November frosts.
The best feature of the garden now is the set of the more recent Japan Tree Paeonies. We have added twenty of these, and they are a great advance over the older ones, which are mostly shades of pink, and I suspect are in many instances nothing more than the stock used by the Japanese for grafting. The newer varieties are of all colors, from pure white to d.eep rose, and some are single, beautiful, large cup-shaped blossoms of purest coloring. They are a decided acquisition in the garden at this time, and, no doubt, will prove as hardy as the older varieties. It will, however, be safer to draw the earth about the stems in the fall for the first year or two, to avoid loss, before they are well established. I find that all of these plants are grafted, cleverly as usual by the Japanese gardeners, but they do not seem to have been wise in the selection of the stock; it shows decided tendencies to sprout from the roots. These sprouts would soon choke out the better scion if allowed to grow, and planters must use care that this does not occur. This is the only thing that can be said against these plants, and it may be remedied in later importations by'the use of some stock that is not so apt to send forth shoots from adventitious root-buds.
The hardy native Orchids are mostly intractable under cultivation, beautiful as they are when growing wild. They all need special care in the selection of positions in the garden if any success is to be had. Two of the Cypripediums are quite reliable, or at least we have found them so for the past five years, planted on the shady side of the Rhododendron beds. C. pubescens is now beautiful, and C. spectabile will follow later. The latter is the most lovely native Orchid, and few exotics of this genus can compare with it. It is all the more satisfactory to know that it can be cultivated in gardens in moist black soil, such as Rhododendrons delight in.
Baptisia exaltata is now fine. It is not a common plant, though B. australis is often seen in gardens. B. exaltata is much taller, with larger flower-spikes, and is altogether the better plant. It is a good companion to the Lupins that are now at their best. Lupinus polyphyllus gives a great variety in itself, the white form being in pleasing contrast with the various shades of blue and purple. I find it is necessary to save seeds of the best varieties and sow them. The parent plants seed freely, and these seeds germinate in the borders, but the self-sown plants deteriorate and the better varieties are soon lost in this way.
Many of the earlier-flowering plants are dying down now, and it is a good opportunity to plant near these such annuals as are desired to cover the space for the balance of the summer. The frequent showers will enable them soon to take root, and little care will then be needed in the borders, except to keep down weeds. South Lancaster MA, E. O. Orpet. 17 June 1896
Orchid Notes
Through the exertions of collectors it is possible to have Orchids in flower abundantly throughout the entire year, and the succession is unbroken in a good representative collection. The durability of the flowers, both on the plants and when cut, makes them especially useful for decorative purposes. The flowers of some species are fugacious, but generally this peculiarity is, if not the result, at least the characteristic that accompanies a powerful odor. The kinds with no perceptible fragrance sometimes last for months in perfect condition.
One of the most useful species at this time is Miltonia vexillaria. It is a temperate-house plant, or one that requires a temperature that does not vary much during the whole year. Hence we grow it in winter in what would be termed a warm house, and in summer the plants are placed in the coolest place possible. While there is considerable variation of temperature between midwinter and midsummer, we have no plants that thrive better or give more satisfaction. Last season we had a plant, one bulb of which produced forty-one flowers, and we learned that this Orchid will sometimes attempt more than it can continue indefinitely, and that the flowers should be thinned so as not to tax the energies of the plant, M. vexillaria comes from a region characterized by daily rainfalls throughout the year. Even in the dry season there are mists and showers. While distributed over a wide range of latitude, from northern Colombia to Ecuador, its altitude is well defined and uniform wherever it occurs, mostly on the western slopes of the Cordilleras. It there has the benefit of the precipitation of moisture-laden winds from the Pacific. This moisture is an important item in the cultivation of the plants, for without it they will speedily be disfigured by thrips. Tobacco stems strewed about the pots will keep this pest away, and they are capital absorbents of moisture as well. After flowering, the plants take a short time to recuperate, and then start to grow in early autumn, when they should be repotted. They should be repotted each year, for owing to the great amount of water they require the compost would be injurious to the plants if allowed to remain more than one year. The growing period lasts throughout the winter, and care must be taken that no checks occur from want of water or insects, or their flowering will be affected unfavorably.
Each year at flowering time Cattleya Gaskelliana proves its superiority. I know of no other Cattleya which makes as fine specimens in so short a time; it does not deteriorate as do some other species. Plants that were purchased less than four years ago in six-inch pots are now in twelve and fourteen inch pans. The leading growths double in number each year, and if care is taken all will flower freely. The fact that some Cattleyas fail to flower at times may often be traced to excessive vigor and insufficient rest or maturing. If C. Gaskelliana for any reason fails to bloom, it is sure to start into a second growth, which must be encouraged liberally until finished. Our climate is apt to induce plants to make this second start, and English cultivators keep their plants dry to check the tendency. This would be ruinous here, as it would weaken the plants. If the plants are encouraged they will usually be well matured by winter, and will then flower well in summer. Our plants failed to bloom well at first, and we were told to put them out-of-doors after the flowering season was past. The coolest and most airy house was chosen instead, and the next and each succeeding year has proved the need of plenty of air for Orchids during the summer months. If C. gigas and C. Gaskelliana flower well this year it will take them so long to become strong and plump that they will not start into growth again before winter. It is an old idea that the greatest factor in making a tree fruitful is to have it bear a crop of fruit. Fruiting checks excessive vigor and immature ripening, and this is true of Orchids as of other plants.
The best time to pot Cattleyas is before they begin to make new roots or when they are making them. There are two well-marked divisions of the genus, from the cultivator's point of view-those that flower directly after growth is completed, as C. labiata, C. gigas, C. Gaskelliana and others; and those that rest for a time before flowering, as C. Trianae, C. Mendelli and C. Percivalliana. The last-named we repot directly after the flowers are cut, as the plants start to root at once. But with the other division the system is changed, for if we waited to repot until after flowering, many roots would be active and badly injured in the operation. So they are repotted as soon as signs of growth are observed. With C. labiata this often occurs in December. C. Gaskelliana is repotted in January, when the other kinds are also ready, so that all Cattleyas are potted during the winter months, when time can be best given for it to be properly done. Nothing but the best fibre from the roots of Osmunda cinnamomea is used. This material takes years to decompose if used alone, but if moss is added it speedily becomes sour and inert, and when the roots touch it they perish.
Many cultivators are taking up the most interesting work of hybridizing and raising seedlings. It is a fascinating experiment when success attends the work, and not without some profit if conducted on proper lines. There is still ample room for original research for all engaged in the work. It is simple enough until it comes to germinating the seeds. We find the best medium for this purpose is fern-fibre, as already stated, taking care to keep it in a condition bordering on saturation. If the minute barleycorn-like seeds become dry after sowing they will not change to the pleasing little green, pegtop-like, thalloid bodies that denote the first distinct stage of germination. These bodies are even more susceptible to drought than the seeds. I have heard of a successful operator in this work who never sowed seeds on the soil of a valuable plant, and the reason is obvious, for the great amount of moisture necessary to bring about successful germination is enough to injure the plant. South Lancaster MA, E. O. Orpet. 8 July 1896
Strawberry Culture
A number of varieties of Strawberries are regarded in different sections as standard kinds, and it is puzzling to find some growers condemning sorts that others consider indispensable. The reason is that Strawberries are extremely local in their behavior, and soil and exposure have a great deal to do with the result; and the returns from a given variety vary as much as the localities in which the fruit is grown. In this climate a soil that has a clay bottom is not regarded suitable for Strawberry culture, as the plants suffer in spring from upheaving after the frosts. Our subsoil is gravel, and though it makes watering and mulching necessary, we get the best possible results each year. We plant a new bed in the summer months as soon as the runners have strong roots, and then destroy the bed that has borne for two summers. It does not pay to attempt to get a third crop from the plants; they lose vigor, many die out entirely, and the soil seenms to be exhausted by the end of the second season. It is economy to plant at least a few every year so as to keep up the fertility of the varieties and to make sure of a good supply of the fruit.
We have tried many kinds, mainly to find out those best suited to our purpose, and each grower should experiment for himself if the varieties he has do not give satisfaction. We have sifted down to Michel's Early for the earliest, Parker Earle for second, and Gandy for late varieties, and these are sufficient for our needs. The Marshall has not been a success in this section; it winter-killed severely and made a poor crop this season. We shall not plant more of it this year.
As soon as all the fruit is gathered we clean the beds of all weeds and mulch. The soil in each alternate row is then lightly forked over and three-inch pots of soil plunged about the plants to receive the runners as soon as these are large enough. The runners will soon root, and when a wet season starts in, as usually happens in early August, we have the new ground ready and set out the young plants two feet apart in the rows and three feet between the rows. All runners should be kept off the young plants during the fall growing time. When setting out the plants care should be taken to set the cut ends of the runners of every two rows pointing toward each other. The next year all the runners will be thrown into one alley, and each alternate alley will be left free for use in watering the pots in dry weather. This plan involves little trouble at planting time and will save a great deal of time and labor the next year. A slight mulching in fall is necessary in this latitude, and we leave the mulch on late in spring to prevent the plants starting too early and having the early bloom killed by late spring frosts. It must, however, be taken off later, so that the surface may be well stirred up and a little fertilizer strewed round the plants. The lawn clippings should then be used as they are raked up; no better material can be had as a mulch to keep the earth cool and moist and to keep the fruit clean and free from grit. We get a good crop the first summer after planting, and this is when the largest fruit is gathered. In the bed that is bearing the second season the greatest quantity is produced. This ends the usefulness of the beds, which are afterward made over for fall Cabbages. The ground that will be planted later with young plants is now occupied with early vegetables, such as Spinach, Lettuce, Beans, Beets and others that will be past when the ground is needed for the Strawberry plants. In this way no time is lost nor ground wasted, as happens when spring planting is practiced. The plants are great feeders, and it is wise to provide liberally for them when starting a new bed. It should be dug or plowed deep to induce the roots to go down. Deep cultivation is one of the best possible remedies for dry periods, and each year seems to bring just such experiences with it. South Lancaster MA, E. O. Orpet. 29 July 1896
The Globe Artichoke
This is one of the table luxuries that has rapidly come into use in recent years, and now in all gardens of any pretensions we see it cultivated for the succulent portion of the flower-head. The plant, Cynara Scolymus, is a perennial, and, indeed, were it not of culinary value, would be prized as a border plant of no mean pretension, owing to the huge thistle-like heads of showy blue flowers and elegantly cut luxuriant gray-green foliage.
Cynara Scolymus is but a cultivated form of C. Cardunculus, and is not known in a wild state. The latter is the Cardoon of gardens, and differs but little in appearance from its relative; it is cultivated, however, the same as Celery and cooked when the tender heart is blanched. It is seldom seen here, and is rarely used except by French cooks. In France great attention is paid to the cultivation of both these vegetables, and it is safe to say that nowhere else are such fine heads or such highly improved varieties to be seen. The Messrs. Vilmorin, of Paris, have done much toward bringing about this desirable result, and last summer they showed heads in London that created much comment in English journals. This improvement is largely the result of careful selection, together with good culture. "One plant, one flower" is a maxim there, and no doubt this is sound advice, as we have proved this season. The side shoots produce heads of inferior size and flavor, and they are rarely large enough to send to table, especially after larger ones have been used.
Another reason why we have missed perfection is in trusting wholly to seed for our plants, for it is possible to treat Artichokes as annuals, saving one good head for seed to raise another year under glass. These will all flower the first season if sown early in the year, and we have such plants now showing flowers. But the objection to this practice is that seedlings vary, and the tendency is too often to revert. The variation is quite marked in the individual plants. Sometimes a specially good form will make its appearance, and here is the opportunity for the cultivator to lift the plant in fall, winter it over in the greenhouse, and carefully divide it as often as offsets are produced, with portions of root attached. All these should be set out in favorable spring weather. It is not wise to trust to seed for reproduction of these plants.
Artichokes will thrive here in any soil that is naturally well drained in winter. They can be protected from the cold with success, but moisture is fatal when the plants are dormant, though they need a large amount in the growing season. We set the young plants at least three feet apart. It would be better to have the rows five feet from each other to prevent damage to the leaves when walking between the rows. The soil is made very rich to start with, and the surface covered in summer with a mulch of some non-conducting material, such as lawn clippings or straw from the stable. This answers another purpose in keeping down all weeds. We find that a top-dressing of salt also helps to keep down weeds, and is besides a good fertilizer for the plants. Many growers use seaweed for this purpose, as the Artichoke is of maritime origin.
In young plants of the first year it is well to cut off the flower-stem as soon as the head is cut; we find that the effort to flower is sometimes too much, and the plant dies without making any buds for its reproduction next year. Individual plants sometimes act as if they were annuals, and if these die out a gap is left in the beds. When cold weather sets in they must be protected for winter. We have tried various plans with greater or less success; if superfluous leaves are cut off and the plants tied up closely to the tops and the earth banked up to this height, or a few inches above, just before the arrival of frost, there is no danger of their dying from cold. To make sure to keep out moisture we nail two boards together and place these along the ridge of the bank to effectually throw off snow and water. In very severe sections it may be well to place leaves or straw about the banks of earth to help protect the plants. We have found it better not to do this until hard frosty weather has set in, so that the field mice that will most surely be attracted to this harbor will not be able to penetrate the earth and devour the hearts of the plants; they are very partial to these morsels, and seem to scent them from afar, but if the soil is well frozen on the outside the covering will tend to prevent its thawing, and the plants are safe from all danger. We have lifted the plants and put them in a cellar to winter over; also placed them in an unheated structure, but in each instance the results were unsatisfactory, owing to the loss from damping off of the crowns. Cold will arrest this in the open ground, and if they are uncovered in spring as soon as the weather favors the removal of the cover there will be very rapid growth and an abundance of fine flower-heads, provided the side-buds are picked off. It should be added that, when tying up the plants previous to covering them with earth, a stake should be placed to each one. This will materially assist in the operation and will be valuable in indicating where the crowns are when opening them up in spring. Otherwise some are sure to be injured. Before uncovering we put in a lot of rich manure in the trenches, and this is covered up with the earth as it is leveled.
It is not too much to predict that if more care is taken in the cultivation of this fine vegetable there will be a much greater demand for it. Where it is necessary to produce a large quantity of vegetables for home use, of as much variety as possible, the Artichoke will be found a desirable change, and it is not, on the whole, difficult of cultivation if a few requirements are borne in mind. South Lancaster MA, E. O. Orpet. 12 August 1896
Some Novelties I
Not the least interesting portion of the year's work in the garden is the testing of the novelties offered by the dealers. Every season most of them have to be taken on trust from the great European growers, from whence many are derived, and others are of American origin, and it is satisfactory to note the increasing value of the latter over those of foreign origin, and as well as their better adaptation to our needs and that of the climate. It may be worth while to speak of some annual and perennial plants which have been tried here from various sources.
The Imperial Japanese Morning Glories are among the more remarkable novelties of last year, and it is surprising that they have not been introduced from Japan before; there is wonderful variety among them, quite as much as promised, the foliage of many being beautifully mottled with white, and these when separated at planting-time and placed together make a very beautiful effect, not unlike the variegated Hop that came out with such a flourish a year or two ago and proved to be such a weed. I have heard complaints as to the germinating qualities of the seeds of these Ipomceas, and also that they did not grow so freely as might be desired; we found no trouble in getting the seeds to grow after carefully drawing a sharp knife round each and soaking them in water for a few hours, and planting a few at a time as fast as they became distended with moisture; if they did not swell we used the knife again, and the young plants were above the soil in a very few hours after planting. We did find that the plants grew slowly in pots, and no progress was made until they were set out in warm weather, and I fancy it would save time and trouble another year to keep the seeds until the end of May, soak and sow out-of-doors where they are to remain. We have set them round bean poles in the border, and these are already clothed to the top and flowers are coming rapidly of exquisite colors, some having the appearance of being double, owing to the way they are ruffled.
Madame Gunther's Hybrid Nasturtiums are being treated similarly as to poles, and it is surprising how beautiful an object is a group of climbing Nasturtiums when they have a chance to climb. The flowers are shown off to the best advantage, the plants do not overrun other things in the border, and as this strain is really a fine one, the effect is pleasing and promises to last until severe frosts put an end to this display.
The Sweet Pea Cupid, to say the least, has enjoyed a good entrance into garden life, and is also all that has been claimed in advance, but I fail to see in it any practical value as compared with others that are tall. Its stems are so short as to be of no value when cut, and there are many better plants of dwarf habit that seem to be more useful than Cupid, even if one could get the seeds to grow freely. There seems to be either a constitutional weakness about white-flowered Pea seeds, or something more difficult to explain. Seeds of Emily Henderson germinated very poorly under exactly the same conditions as the others that came as well as could be desired. Possibly when the stock grown is larger we shall get more of them to grow. It is singular that this same dwarf Pea should have occurred also in two different parts of Europe as well as in California. Blanche Ferry is a kind much in favor, and we have for years saved our own seeds of it; we think ours must be specially good, for they came into flower sooner and are really better than the Blanche Ferry Improved, tried this year for the first time. Katherine Tracy, we believe of the same origin as the last, is altogether one of the best. It must be a selection from Blanche Ferry, for we have seen it so grown by a florist in this state who found the beautiful shade of clear pink the same color as the Daybreak Carnation, very much appreciated in the Boston market, and he grew a quantity of it last winter in the greenhouse, but he had not quite got it fixed, and there was still a tendency to sport, none of which is apparent in Katherine Tracy as we have it now. The season has been very favorable for Sweet Peas; no watering was necessary, owing to the frequent showers, and they are better than we remember to have seen them.
We shall soon have as many varieties of Zinnia as of Asters; each year adds to the number, and all have merit, for, considering their utility and easy culture, there is nothing to equal them; there are tall ones and dwarf, and now we have the Lilliput to use as a front row of all, and of the three I rather think that the little ones will be most liked for cutting when better known. There is a refinement and finish about these little gems that all others lack, and the colors, too, are good and well defined. In a long border devoted to annuals the three kinds of Zinnia are a distinct success. Hitherto it has been difficult to get an annual that would tone down from the dwarf Zinnia to the plants used for a margin.
Campanula Japonica was a surprise when seen in the seedlists. We had no knowledge of Japanese Campanulas, and our knowledge has not been increased in this direction, for we were led to expect great things of a perennial Campanula that flowered the first year from seed, the flowers being of an intense glossy blue, semidouble, and produced in great profusion. All of this has proved true except the name, which should have been Platycodon Mariesii, and we should then not have purchased the seeds.
Another name, Coreopsis Japonica, had a rather interesting look in the seed-list. I had an idea that this genus was a purely North American one, and no authority that we have access to tells to the contrary, but here was a new bushy variety with large canary-yellow flowers produced from June till frost. If we except the name, all of the rest promises to come true, but I doubt if it is a Coreopsis. It has much greater affinity with the Heleniums, so far as I can gather from Gray's scholarly work on the North American Compositae.-[See page 316 of our last number.-ED.] South Lancaster MA, E. O. Orpet. 19 August 1896
Some Novelties II
Polygonum orientale pumilum album is the catalogue name of a new and really desirable garden annual. It grows about two feet high, begins to bloom early in June, and is covered now and promises to continue to produce its spikes of white flowers until frost. The plant is of good habit and would look well as an isolated specimen, or, better, when used next to or between Zinnias in a border. We hope to ripen seeds so as to have plenty for another year; only three came out of the packet purchased, but they came quickly and began to bloom when very small.
Cosmos as grown so far north is rarely enjoyed to its full extent outdoors owing to the frosts that usually cut it down, but last year we saw in Messrs. Suttons' trial-grounds a new race of early-flowering Cosmos which seemed to have merit, and this year it has been very generally distributed. We have had them in bloom for a month, so that they have got precocity, also the variety of colors, but it still remains to get good full flowers such as we see in the later varieties, but, doubtless, this will soon follow as the California cultivators get to work on them.
Crotalaria retusa, the annual golden-yellow flowering Pea, if it does not soon get to growing, will, I fear, not produce its racemes six to ten inches long of golden Sweet Peas. Hitherto it has absolutely refused to grow in spite of all coaxing. I wonder if this has been the experience of others.
Pennisetum Ruppellianum is the name of a new species of ornamental perennial Grass. The older and better-known species, P. longistylum, is one of the best known of border Grasses, and this one, according to promise, will produce crimson-purple plumes instead of white; a small packet of seed has given us a nice lot of plants that promise to bloom later. It should be stated that these Pennisetums are not hardy, but can be easily wintered over with Tritomas and other half-hardy plants of similar nature. Beds of ornamental Grasses are very striking in suitable positions as isolated beds on the turf. Arundo donax and its variegated form, the three Eulalias (E. variegata, E. zebrina and E. univittata), the Pennisetums, and as a margin Ophiopogon Jaburan variegatum, are all admirable. This last is very beautiful, and perhaps the prettiest hardy variegated plant we have, and, though not a Grass, is very similar in appearance until the pretty spikes of blue flowers appear.
Spiraea Anthony Waterer is doing equally as well here as in its birthplace. Mr. Waterer remarked last year that its color was said to be not so good as when first exhibited, and the doubt presented itself that, perhaps, our hot sun might tend to fade the flowers, but no such effect is apparent. Very small rooted cuttings procured last spring are now flowering from every little twig, but next year, when the plants are stronger, we may expect to see it at its best. It is a dwarf shrub, but will prove very valuable for use as a marginal plant in decorative shrubbery, or even for summer bedding; it flowers perpetually.
Our greatest success this season has been with border Pentstemons treated as annuals. It was noted earlier in the year that this was the method now adopted by English growers, instead of keeping them over as rooted cuttings. The flower spikes are very numerous now and will continue for some time in succession. It is a great satisfaction to know this, for many would grow them if it were known that the plants need not be wintered over. I doubt if the old plants will prove hardy, although the parents of this race are native North American plants; yet their identity is not easily traced now after about seventy years of hybridization. The colors vary from pure white to deepest crimson and purple, and the spikes resemble those of Foxgloves, but the flowers are in this strain much larger; the only thing they seem to insist on is rich moist soil, and we hope to mature seeds for a larger display another season. South Lancaster MA, E. O. Orpet. 19 August 1896
Solanum Wendlandii
Last year this plant was very fine in the greenhouse later in the season, but was too rampant for any but a very large structure, so we have this year tried it out-of-doors in the border, where it has been in bloom during the past few weeks, and will a little later make a fine display; each small shoot has a terminal flower-cluster of the prettiest shade of lavender-blue, and as the plant is hardstemmed it is easily wintered over and may be set out again year after year. It is a native of Central America, and the most beautiful of all flowering Solanums known to cultivators. We find it easy to propagate from young shoots taken from the plant grown in the greenhouse; those taken from strong growth of a planted out specimen last fall did not root owing to the abundance of sap in them. It is best to take them from pot-plants and root them in an open bed of sand; in the propagating-case all will rot off. South Lancaster MA, E. O. O. 26 August 1896
Orchid Notes
Rodriguezia pubescens
This is one of the most beautiful of Orchids, considering the wealth of bloom produced from comparatively small plants; the sprays are long, arching gracefully, and the flowers are of the purest white, with a trace of yellow on the lip. This plant is not new, it having been well known at the time of its introduction, just fifty years ago, but like many other Orchids, as, for example, Cattleya labiata, it became scarce after a time, and not until the rediscovery of the Cattleya did this Rodriguezia appear again. Both Orchids come from the same part of Brazil, Pernambuco. Our plant, in a small pan, had twelve flower-spikes, and it was exceedingly pretty when in bloom, but owing, probably, to the intense heat at the time and the amount of moisture present in the atmosphere, the flowers only lasted a few days. They seem to be self-fertilizing, as a number of the caps containing the pollen were found on the bench under the plant, some at quite a distance, as though they were forced off by some mechanical means, such as those developed in Catasetum and other genera, and a day or two later many of the seed-vessels began to swell. The flowers were evidently impregnated without artificial aid, not common among Orchids, though there are well-known exceptions to the rule. It would be interesting to learn if other cultivators have had the same experience with this Rodriguezia, as I can find no record of this in any work to which I have access. We find it best grown in a pan or other open receptacle suspended in the warmest house; the roots are slender and seem to avoid the compost of living moss as much as possible, preferring to grow out and breathe in the moisture in the atmosphere. It was tried among the Cattleyas for a time, for we thought this ought to be the place for it, as it is found growing with them, but some of the young growths soon began to decay. It evidently was not warm enough there, so it was taken back to the warmer house, where it has prospered. When reintroduced into cultivation, like many more plants, it was thought to be new, and was named afresh R. Lindeni, but it was speedily located in published descriptions of the earlier part of the century, and will henceforth, no doubt, be often seen in gardens.
Cypripedium Thayerianum
Horticulture is said to be progressive, and we venture to think that botany or botanical nomenclature is also, and if the attempts constantly made to classify and rearrange the work of the hybridist are to be taken seriously, ordinary cultivators will never be able to keep pace with the progress. Cypripedium Boxalli has for nineteen years been generally regarded as a well-marked variety of C. villosum. The flower is different structurally, and there appears to be no evidence of forms merging into the type species, but a late writer on the subject, Hansen, in The Orchid Hybrids, has suddenly decided that C. Boxalli must henceforth be considered the same as C. villosum, and a host of hybrids having the former for one parent must then be considered as synonyms, and cultivators will have to begin to learn over again the names of the plants they possess. C. Thayerianum is one of these; it is the result of a cross between C. Lawrenceanum and what is known as C. Boxalli atratum, a dark form, having the large flowers and rich wine coloring of C. Lawrenceanum, with the high polish of C. Boxalli atratum over the whole surface of the flower. Among hybrid Cypripediums it is considered one of the best, and it improves each year in size and coloring, is of healthy vigorous growth and was raised by the Messrs. Sander, of St. Albans, England. It remains to be seen whether Mr. Hansen's many innovations will be generally accepted by botanists, but from the cultivators' standpoint it will make confusion worse confounded. The above is only one of the many reforms suggested. South Lancaster MA, E. O. O. 9 September 1896
Violets
At this season of the year the greatest growth is being made by the Violets, and it often seems a pity that they must be moved just as they appear to be enjoying the cool nights, but we have found that to delay housing them is often fatal; the heavy night dews seem to be laden with disease germs that soon develop the dread spot on the foliage, and it is a difficult matter to get rid of it when once it has a foothold so late in the year. Even in frames we have never been able to keep out the disease; it has always done more or less damage before the arrival of cold weather, and we have to wait until spring for the crop that should have been produced in midwinter; but where a bench in a cool house is at disposal, one is sure of Violets at all times, no matter what the state of the weather is outdoors. The ordinary bench, as built for Roses and Carnations, is not deep enough for Violets, which are deep-rooting plants, and a bench constructed of a board twelve inches wide is none too deep. Having a good depth of soil does away with a good deal of danger from decay from a surplus of moisture in dull short days, for a body of soil a foot in depth does not easily dry out in midwinter when once well moistened, and when the soil is in this condition it is easy to keep the surface somewhat dry so that the flowers that lie near it will not be lost from damp. If a layer of clean sharp sand is placed all over the soil it will aid materially in this respect, and it will also aid the young runners to root freely. At this time we make cuttings of the runners for the next year's crop; it is aimed to get them off the plants before fire-heat is applied in the house, and soon enough to get them all rooted before the winter sets in. A compost of half leaf-mold and half sand is used, and the runners are set thickly in boxes, well watered and placed in a shady cool frame, there to stay all winter. They are frozen up for at least six weeks every winter, but this does not harm them if the frames are kept closed until the arrival of warmer days, and the rooted plants are kept in the boxes until it is time to put them in the open air to harden off, and they are planted in their summer quarters some time at the end of April or early in May. Plants that we have now have not known what it is to be subject to fire-heat for several years, and I find that the experience of other growers agrees with mine. This does away with spring propagation when time is less easily found for it than just now, and when space in the greenhouses is scarce.
There seems to be no doubt that the ordinary system of cultivating Violets has rendered the plants more susceptible to disease, and this fact was emphasized the past week when I saw a large number of plants in the open field with one of the specialists in this vicinity. He pointed out a row of plants that had been propagated from plants imported from England this past spring, and one would have taken them for a distinct variety, so vigorous were they, but all were Lady H. Campbell, the variety that has given the most successes of any in past years. We, in common with others, have been tempted to try varieties that seemed more desirable on account of color, but the result has been in each case that they were an easy prey to disease, and we have now a number of the variety sent out as the Farquhar that seem predisposed to spot, although they were obtained from stock that was perfectly clean with the grower last winter from whom they were purchased.
All remedies tried up to this season have been of no avail to even check the spot, but this autumn we are trying Sulphonapthol, a preparation sent out as a disinfectant, insecticide and germicide. For the first purpose it is excellent, the second very dangerous, and for the third use, at present writing, seems promising. It is used in a one per cent solution with water, is easily soluble, and if effectual will be a cheap remedy for a trouble that has hitherto baffled all who have tried to do battle with it. It would be well for others to experiment also and report their results.
Most people now have tried the Violet California, and the opinions seem varied, to say the least, but we have found it to be a really good single flower, fragrant, of good color and ample foliage. It would seem as if this kind would be worth growing for the foliage alone; it is stout and makes up well with the flowers of other varieties, for most growers are aware that in midwinter good foliage is more difficult to obtain than flowers, and with this fact in view we have decided to try a good frame full of them, for they seem healthy and vigorous so far.
Violets require a cool house; in a night temperature of, say, torty degrees as a minimum, the plants will thrive, and insect pests, as red spider and plant-lice, will not, and if a whole structure cannot be spared for Violets alone, Mignonette will be found an excellent companion plant; the two thrive under exactly similar conditions as to depth of soil and temperature, excepting that it is almost impossible to make soil too rich for Mignonette. The seed should be sown at the beginning of August, but it is not too late now to sow and get good results in winter and early spring months, if some good strain of seed is chosen. Sutton's Giant we have used for a number of years; Allen's Defiance is a very large-growing variety, and if either of these is not to hand, Machet is quite satisfactory, although strains of this vary very much. South Lancaster MA, E. O. Orpet. 23 September 1896
Orchids in Flower
Oncidium incurvum
This is the period when there are fewer flowers among Orchids, and such as are in bloom are the more conspicuous and valuable. Oncidium incurvum is one that can be relied on to grow freely and to flower at this season every year; the spikes are a long time developing, often six months, but the longer they are growing the better and larger the spray, for they will sometimes be four feet in length, as we have them now, and covered with side branches that have pretty pink and white flowers that are very fragrant on bright days. It is essentially one of the plants that any one can grow where a warm greenhouse is at command. As the plant is a native of Mexico and Guatemala at considerable elevation, a tropical temperature would be fatal eventually, so a temperature of about fifty degrees in winter is ample, with plenty of air and shade in summer.
Oncidium ornithoxynchum
This is another species that will thrive under similar conditions as Oncidium incurvum, as it comes from the same localities, and, like it, has flowers that have pink shades, probably the only two in the genus where pink takes the place of the all-predominant yellow that is almost peculiar to the genus. O. ornithorynchum also has long, much-branched flower-spikes that are produced four, and sometimes more, from a single growth, and when these are covered with rosy pink flowers that are deliciously fragrant, a spicy odor that does not tire, but reminds one of Heliotrope, a well-grown plant is decidedly pleasing and a thing of beauty that lasts in good condition for a long time. There is a white variety that sometimes crops up among importations, and it is much valued when one is fortunate enough to obtain it in this way. I saw a superb specimen of it in the noted Measures collection last year that created a sensation when shown in London some time later. There is no difficulty in cultivating this species. We used to grow them in perforated pans, suspended, but when taking them out it was noticed that the roots carefully avoided the perforations and were to be found only adhering to the pan itself, so it seemed reasonable to suppose they did not grow on trees and would prefer an ordinary flower-pot, and those that were tried in this way show a decided increase in vigor; a small plant that was obtained five years ago in a four-inch pot is now a huge specimen in a pot ten inches in diameter, and will in a few days be covered with flowers. This plant grew so well that twelve more were obtained, and there is quite a variation among them as to color. These Oncidiums should never be dried off, and before the flower-spikes are much advanced the pots must be immersed in water to get out the slugs, as these are very partial to the tender-growing flower-stems. South Lancaster MA, E. O. O. 30 September 1896
Ophiopogon Jaburan variegatum
For many years after its introduction, and, indeed, even at the present time, this beautiful Japanese garden plant, in common with others, was considered tender, and always classed with greenhouse plants. There is no reason why this should be so, as far as its utility and beauty are concerned, and when once the hardiness of any plant is assured, its proper place is in the garden. While the genus Ophiopogon is widely removed from the Grasses, nevertheless, as a margin to a bed of decorative Grasses, no more fitting plant could be used. It is perfectly hardy; more so, indeed, than some of the Eulalias and Arundo donax, which in this latitude need a good protective covering in winter. In addition to the beautiful variegation of the foliage of this Ophiopogon, it carries at this season a profusion of bright blue flower-spikes that are attractive in contrast with the creamy white striped foliage. This plant is often seen under the names of O. spicatum or O. Japonicum, both of which are totally different plants, and rarely, if ever, seen in gardens. The intense violet-blue flowers are typical of this variety, which may safely be considered the best in the genus. The generic name is somewhat unusual, and is a translation of the native name, which signifies serpent's beard. To propagate it, it should be lifted in spring and carefully divided. The roots have tubercles similar to Hemerocallis, and are easily separated; the crowns are first divided, and then the roots.
Pennisetum Ruppellianum
A few weeks ago this new ornamental Grass was described, and its free growth from seed the first season was noted. As was promised by the introducer, the spikes are deep red-bronze, quite remarkable among Grasses that bear spikes and a striking contrast to Pennisetum longistylum, the better-known species, which has spikes of nearly white flowers, and the new variety has the same graceful, long, narrow, green foliage, in dense tufts, as the old form. We find it is easily raised from seed and flowers profusely the first year. In this particular it is in striking contrast with most of the annual ornamental Grasses, with the seeds of which we have had but poor success, probably because first-class seeds are not kept by dealers, owing to lack of demand on the part of cultivators. South Lancaster MA, E. O. O. 14 October 1896
Flower Garden Notes
Owing to protracted rains, the outdoor-garden is less attractive than we ever remember to have seen it at this season. Asters, Boltonias, Silphiums and Pyrethrum uliginosum, which ought to be making a superb display, are but a sorry spectacle, and the only really bright thing we have is the Scarlet Sage, Salvia splendens, and a few Zinnias. These were planted where the first frost could not touch them, and it is surprising how much influence neighboring trees can exercise in keeping off the earliest frosts that usually blight the tenderest plants.
It has not been safe in past years to lift plants or roots from a permanent border in the autumn months; there are so many things that are invisible above the soil at this season, that it is wise to defer thinning out until spring, when all are appearing above ground. If, however, it is desirable to add plants to make losses good, or, even to remodel altogether, it is always best to do as much as possible now before the soil loses its warmth and while it is well moistened down to a good depth.
As soon as all border plants have died off or turned yellow, so that they can be cut down, we shall add the annual topdressing of well-decayed leaf-mold, putting it on to a depth of at least four inches all over the beds. This makes a good protective covering as well as a fertilizer, and brings in far fewer weeds than stable litter. At this season it is economy to save every leaf that can be gathered and heap them for future use; it takes two years for them to decay thoroughly, and a turning over once or twice a year will materially hasten the decomposition. If lime be not present in the natural soil of the locality, it will be well to add it to the heap as it is turned over; it will also help the process and add to the value of the whole as a fertilizer, but care must be taken not to use any of the compost for Ericaceous plants, such as Rhododendrons, Kalmias, Ericas, Andromedas or other allied plants, for lime is poison to the roots of all such. Many have found how difficult it is to cultivate these plants on a limestone formation. In this section no limestone is in the rock formation, so that an application of lime is a help to soils that are under cultivation for any length of time.
We have already lifted and replanted all the Narcissus-bulbs. This was the year to separate the clumps that had been growing larger than was good for the best results, and all have been replanted again. It is not too late to do this work now, but it is not safe to defer much longer, because the roots are in active growth soon after the fall rains set in. A light mulch over all when planted will keep out a lot of frost and induce a strong growth this fall, which will greatly improve the display next year, besides acting as a fertilizer for such annuals as are used in the borders.
Some recent exhibits of Salpiglossis before the Massachusetts Horticultural Society have enlightened many as to their value for summer-border use; there seems to be a great advance made lately with this beautiful annual. It is also a mistake to plant the seeds in the greenhouse, for the young plants do not like transplanting, and thrive well when sown where they are to bloom; the colors are very beautiful in the softness and delicate marking. The Salpiglossis is among the best of garden annuals for house decoration when the flowers are cut and used in vases, and they last well.
Any plants that are needed for propagating, if herbaceous, should be lifted soon and stored in boxes in cold frames until March, when they may be put into a warm greenhouse and cuttings made of the young shoots. Most herbaceous plants root freely in this way, and soon make strong plants to set out in spring. This is the best way to increase the finer forms of garden Phlox, Veronicas, Helianthus, Campanulas, Lychnis and the like.
Bulbs of tender plants must be taken up as soon as the tops are browned by frost; Gladioluses, Cannas and Montbretias may be laid out to dry for a few days before storing in the winter quarters. We put the Gladiolus corms in bags and suspend them in a cool cellar; Cannas seem to need a warmer place. A temperature never less than forty-five is best suited for them, or many will be lost from damp and decay. South Lancaster MA, E. O. 28 October 1896
Orchid Notes I
The season for the flowering of Orchids has begun, and the profusion of bloom now is hardly excelled at any time of year. This autumn display would have been impossible five years ago, and even unheard of. The change is due to the introduction of Cattleya labiata and Dendrobium Phalanopsis. Cattleya labiata is of the easiest possible culture, and produces, perhaps, a smaller percentage of poor forms than any other Cattleya. It stands more exposure to the sun also; the leaves made in Brazil are of very thick texture, and can only be reproduced under our system of cultivating them by free exposure to sun and air during the growing season. This Cattleya starts to grow very soon after the flowering is past, and root-action begins at once. If it is necessary to repot the plants, this is best done during the month of December. Last year our plants were all repotted before the end of that month, and out of nearly a hundred not one shows signs of retrogression. As soon as the repotting of C. labiata is done, others will need attention. The repotting should always be done when there are signs of fresh root-action. If the plants are growing in pots they should be well soaked in water for a day or two, when the roots will part from the pot easily and with less damage from breaking than if the compost is dry. Cattleyas are often grown in wooden baskets, but we have abolished them, and use pots only, If the plants are large the pots are perforated to help aerate the material in which they are growing and keep it sweet. It often half-kills a Cattleya to take it out of a wooden receptacle, but if the roots are matted round a pot the pot can readily be broken and the roots detached without great injury. Sphagnum-moss should never be used for Cattleyas; it helps to decompose the Fern-fibre and often holds too much moisture when it is not desired. When left out it is almost impossible to overwater a Cattleya.
Dendrobium Phalaenopsis will soon be past flowering, when the stems or pseudo-bulbs will show shrinkage, owing to the strain of producing the long sprays of bloom. This must, if possible, be made good before the plants are at rest, or the start made in spring will be correspondingly weak, and there will also be a loss of foliage that should be avoided, if possible. It has been a question whether this Dendrobium is deciduous or not under normal conditions. It now appears that, if well managed, the plants will retain most of their leaves through the winter with great benefit to the plants. Sick plants will surely lose all the foliage, and the growth will be weaker in consequence the next year. Young plants made from the portions of old stems must be left on until next March, or when the growth commences, and then placed in small pots. They are worth taking care of, for this is one of the most useful Orchids ever introduced to gardens.
The cool-house plants need attention now, as almost all of the Odontoglossums have begun to grow, and now that the hot weather is past for this year and the temperature can be controlled conveniently, the plants must be encouraged to make all the progress possible. To accomplish this, the roots must first be made comfortable. We use a good portion of moss for cool-house plants, as it is easy to clean away the compost without damage to the roots. As a great quantity of water is needed at all times, and the plants should never suffer for the want of it, there is no better index as to moisture than Sphagnum, which assumes a whitish green as soon as it becomes dry. It is an old saying, with truth in it, that " to be able to grow Odontoglossums it is first necessary to learn how to grow Sphagnum-moss." It is customary to pull the Fern fibre to pieces and blend with it about half its bulk of moss. We have found that it is much better to leave the fibre in its original condition and merely shake out the loose earth and use the brown portions. This should be cut into triangular pieces as large as need be; and a few heads of living moss should be inserted between each piece, and it will soon grow and cover the entire surface. It is a serious mistake to use pots too large for the plants, with the idea of encouraging greater vigor by a larger amount of compost. It is an error often made by beginners and cannot be too strongly condemned. The smaller the pot, so that it is large enough, the better the plants will thrive. This is especially applicable to Odontoglossum crispum and its allied kinds. 0. grande is now in bloom and is a very useful plant for decorative purposes at this season. It is of Mexican origin and in winter needs a warmer house than the cool house proper, where it thrives well in summer, and even in a shady place out-of-doors if moisture is abundant. It is well to give water all winter at regular intervals to keep the bulbs plump. 0. grande is one of the kinds for many years reputed to be hard to keep in good condition; with rational treatment we have found that it is not difficult to grow, but the strain of blooming every year is great, and it is economical to let each plant flower but once in two years. They are easily procured at a nominal price.
Cypripediums of the Insigne type were all out-of-doors from the end of May until the end of September. The pots were plunged in a spent hot-bed under the shade of Elm-trees. The sashes were taken off and the plants sprinkled overhead on hot days. This method has been practiced for several years with good results. The plants flower freely, have a deep green color, and are not forced to make growth at the expense of flowers, as is often the case when the plants are kept in the greenhouse during the hot months. After the flowering is past the plants are rested in a cool greenhouse for a month or two until March, and renewed root-action takes place, and if repotting is necessary it is then done. Cypripediums of this type do not readily come out of the pots when they are full of roots. It is better to break the pots rather than the roots. If the plants are in large pots and it is not desirable to have them larger, they can be maintained in good health for a number of years by giving a little stimulant in the water, such as a very weak solution of sulphate of ammonia or nitrate of soda, or, better still, both at alternate waterings. The invention of the Kenney pump has greatly simplified the application of all liquid stimulants. A strong solution is made in a convenient vessel, and in the use of the pump the solution is blended with the hose supply at any desired strength by diaphragms of various sizes. The temperature can be regulated also by mixing the solution with water warm enough to take the chill off the water as it comes from the main. An invention so inexpensive ought to be better known. South Lancaster MA, E. O. Orpet. 4 November
Orchid Notes II
At this season, also, it is best to repot the Miltonias of the type represented by M. vexillaria. The growths will be well started by this time, and new roots will begin to start from the base. There is an upward tendency to each successive year's growth, and it is necessary to set the plants lower down in the pots, even though the oldest bulbs may be buried, so as to bring the new growth and roots just below the level of the potting material. The roots rarely go very deep in the pots, but rather penetrate near the surface and on the outsides of the pots. They should not be repotted into pots larger than is absolutely required for the current season's growth. One application of water when not required will often cause deep-seated decay that is hard to arrest. It is better not to use loam in the compost, as some cultivators recommend; in other words, make the potting material as porous as possible, so that the large quantities of water needed in the growing period may be applied without danger. With an occasional application of stimulant in a liquid form this lovely Orchid may be cultivated with ease, and improved year after year. Our plants have been taken from the cool house where they have spent the summer, and after repotting have been placed at the cool end of the Cattleya-house, where the temperature will range about fifty-five degrees during the cold weather. A layer of fresh tobacco-stems has been placed under the trellis on which the pots stand to guard against thrips, which, if once they gain a footing, speedily ruin the foliage and blight the flower-stems. Our experience with Miltonia vexillaria has shown that it is safer to keep the specimens rather small than to grow them on into pots larger than six-inch. They are easily divided at potting time, and are much more useful for decoration if grown in moderately small pots. Hybrids from Miltonias are not common, but are represented by one or two notable examples. We have just succeeded in getting a fine seed-capsule on M. vexillaria crossed with M. Clowesii, and hope that good fertile seed may be produced in due season.
Odontoglossum Rossi is one of the prettiest Mexican species, and is very useful for boutonnieres in winter. It is easy to cultivate if attention is given at the right time. The growth is maturing now, and a light position in a moderately warm house is needed. The plants have summered in the coolest house, and are taken into more light at this time. If left in the cool house for the winter they would soon dwindle away. 0. citrosmum is another Mexican plant that will soon finish growing, and when the bulbs are well matured it is best to suspend the plants near the glass in a light position, giving very little water during the resting season. But we have never found it necessary to let the bulbs shrivel to any degree to induce the plants to flower. We give water sparingly until the spikes appear at the tips of the young growths. Sometimes this is not until midsummer, but rarely does a plant miss blooming. The spikes are strong, often branched, whereas they would be weak if the bulbs were not plump, to aid them at flowering time. There are few Orchids that have such a charm when in bloom as well-flowered plants of 0. citrosmum, with the long pendent flower-stems, often a yard long, and the delicious lemon fragrance in early morning. If the plants are not disturbed very often there is no trouble in growing them. We use nothing but Fern-fibre for them and rarely disturb them oftener than once in three years.
Dendrobiums of the Nobile section will now have mostly completed their growth; they need a cooler temperature, or another start will be made, though there is not so much tendency this sunless season as in some other years. Should a start be made we ignore the fact and rest the plants just the same, or the whole machinery of the plant would be thrown out of gear if we attempt to make up a satisfactory growth at this period in a higher temperature. It is best to avoid too much sun at first when putting the plants to rest. I like to see the leaves a healthy green, also the pseudo-bulbs. The bright yellow they assume with exposure is not so well to start from again after the plants are weakened by flowering. The moss in which the plants have grown may be allowed to become quite dry before water is applied, just enough being given to avoid shrinking of the stems.
During the past few weeks very little water has been used to damp the house in which the plants are growing, but as soon as more fire-heat is applied more water must be sprinkled to counteract the parching effect on the atmosphere; and also now on bright days, if there should be any, for we have had but two sunshiny days in three weeks. Most of the plants are now going to rest, nearly all the Cattleyas being in this stage. Less water will be needed to assist in the maturing that leads to abundant flowering. When water is given at the roots we find it well to turn on a little heat under the benches where the largest pots stand, to dry up the superabundance of water that is not desirable at this season. The benches are made of open trellis-work that allows a free circulation of air. If fresh Oakleaves can be procured, a good supply will be sprinkled with slaked lime and then placed on the ground under the benches. The lime hastens decomposition, kills insects, and the leaves give off a steady supply of food for the roots that are eager to take it up if it is made more available by frequent spraying when fire-heat is much used, as in midwinter. South Lancaster MA, E. O. Orpet. 11 November 1896
The Cultivation of Mushrooms
It has always been considered that there was more or less of legerdemain in the successful growing of Mushrooms, and many old-time cultivators made this supposition seem probable by various pretenses which had little foundation in fact. Many people object to eating Mushrooms for fear of spurious varieties which are known to be poisonous, and great care must be exercised when gathering them in the fields, but under cultivation there is no danger whatever. I have never known any other species of fungus to be produced in the Mushroom beds that approached Agaricus campestris near enough in appearance to be mistaken for it, and cultivated specimens may be safely eaten with no fears as to the results. Very recently a popular interest in mycology has sprung up, and there are now two flourishing societies in this state which have meetings and exhibitions for the better study of fungi and their edible species. These meetings and increasing observations by the mass of the people will help to do away with a great deal of the ignorance and superstition about this family of fungi, and anything that will help to make better known and appreciated these esculents will be a public benefaction.
Ever since we have begun to grow the Mushroom under the greenhouse benches we have never had to record a total failure, and some of the crops have been most successful. We are exceptionally situated for obtaining material for the beds, and this is a primary requisite, it being essential to collect this quickly so as to have enough in bulk and to get the whole in a warm but moderately dry condition before any part of it has lost virtue by becoming cold. It is best to collect all that is possible each morning, throwing out all long straws, and, when sufficient is obtained, letting the heap heat moderately, say for two days, before turning it over, and keeping up this while forming another heap of the newer material to be treated separately, making up a bed as fast as each heap is in proper condition - that is, when rank gases have been eliminated and excess of moisture evaporated by warmth and exposure. It may be safely considered fit to make up in beds when a handful can be taken up without soiling the hands or moisture felt to be present. One of our mistakes, that was not apparent for some time, was making the beds too deep, and this resulted in overheating when the beds were made up. But as the Mushrooms were produced only about the outer edges of the beds or where the new bed was joined on, this led to the discovery of the fault. Now we never make a bed more than ten inches deep at the back, and sloping gently to six inches at the front of a four-foot bed. Under these conditions the temperature never seems to get beyond control, and rarely exceeds 100 degrees, Fahrenheit.
The firmer the beds are made up the less violent the heat at first, and the longer it will last, and it will produce quicker returns. A short-handled mallet is useful in compacting the beds. We wait until the maximum temperature has been reached, and spawn when the temperature is falling at about 95 degrees, and add a coating of fresh loam a day or two after, with water as often as necessary to keep the surface moist, always using tepid water to prevent chilling the beds. If it is found that the heat rises to an undesirable degree, a watering will often cool it down sufficiently, but should the heat get beyond 100 degrees, either before or after spawning, it is better to take thie whole out and make it over rather than risk a failure.
A good quality of the spawn is essential to success, but not half the failures attributed to spawn of inferior quality rightly belong there. For the last two years we have been very successful in getting some that was really good, with no traces of mycelium that had started into premature growth. Always avoid spawn that has a growth of white threads on the bricks, as this is an evidence of premature germination of the mycelium. This is what ought to take place when it is planted in the beds, but it is too often induced by improper conditions before it reaches the planter. When one bed is made up and another is about to be commenced, we take enough bricks of spawn and lay them out on the top of the bed and turn every second day or so. This renders the bricks less dry, so that they are more easily broken, and rapid growth begins as soon as planted, and a week or two is saved in bringing up the crop.
Nitrate of soda is an excellent stimulant for Mushroom beds when they seem to be past bearing. A partial drying off, and then a good soaking with a weak dilution of nitrate, will start up a good second growth that will sometimes equal the first.
Our beds are formed under the greenhouse benches in a structure where Chrysanthemums and Carnations are grown, and the temperature of the house is kept at 50 during the winter. This suits the crop well, and when in bearing a cloth is tacked about the bed to keep it dark and give more even conditions as to moisture and heat; that is, the heat generated by the beds themselves will be held, and if the temperature chances to fall below 70 before the crop is well up, a good covering of hay will bring the heat up to the surface and raise it several degrees. Sudden fluctuations in temperature are in this way easily avoided.
There is no better time than the present to start a bed. Flies are very troublesome in the structure from early formed plantings, but from this time on there will be no trouble from them, and if an airy shed or barn floor is available for the preparation of the manure no great difficulty need be anticipated in the production of plenty of Mushrooms during winter, when they are always a welcome addition to the short list of available table vegetables. South Lancaster MA, E. O. Orpet. 2 December 1896
Greenhouse Notes
After the Chrysanthemum feast there is apt to be something of a famine in the way of flowers for cutting purposes, and it requires much forethought to avoid this. It has been for several years our practice to have the first crop of Carnations come in at this particular time, and with this end in view the plants are topped in the field later than is generally advised. The last flower-stems are taken off the second week in August, so that at lifting-time in September there is not a flower-stem visible, and the full crop comes on soon after the plants are established in the house. While it is a large crop, it is not more than the plants can perfect easily. When plants are lifted with flower-buds in quantity, the check incident to transplanting frequently makes the task too great for the plants, and if the flowers do develop it leaves the plants in an unfit condition to produce another crop until late in winter. If the first flowers are now picked there will be no scarcity of them through the rest of the winter. For early use all the largest and most advanced plants from specially early propagation are allowed to develop their buds, and are placed in deep frames in July, and these give an abundance of good Carnations for early use, and may be now placed indoors to take place on some of the Chrysanthemum benches.
Poinsettias are useful from this time on until after the new year. If a number are grown it is possible to have a good display at Thanksgiving-time by placing the earliest in a warm house soon after the plants are brought indoors. We have not failed to have them at this time for several seasons. Few plants give such rich coloring now, when bright flowers and foliage are scarce, as well-grown Poinsettias. To keep the foliage in good condition, a temperature of not less than sixty degrees must be maintained, with a liberal amount of stimulant in the water. When cut, the ends of the stems must be immediately placed in boiling water for a second or two. This will stop the loss of sap, and consequent wilting when used for decorating.
Roman Hyacinths are useful now, and may be had with little trouble if good bulbs are obtained. There has been a marked deterioration in the quality the last year or two, for some unexplained reason, but if the bulbs are smaller they admit of being planted closer, and the effect is about the same in the end. It is best to bring them on in a cool house until the flower-buds are visible, otherwise there will be green leaves and very few blossoms. Lachenalias blend prettily with Roman Hyacinths, and are also easily managed. L. pendula is the best for this purpose, as it is the most vigorous in habit, the earliest to bloom and one of the brightest in colors, though there are a set of new ones that bid fair to surpass this old kind both in vigor and coloring. Lachenalias must not be neglected after blooming, for the treatment they receive then goes to make the bulb for the following year, and a light position on a shelf in a cool house is easily secured for them. They are Cape bulbs, and need the same treatment as Freesias.
From various experiments it seems that this is the best time to sow Cyclamen seed. A good strain of seeds should be bought and sown in pans of very porous soil as soon as possible. It is some time before the growth is visible above ground, and care must be taken to add plenty of some porous material to prevent the soil from becoming sour and inert. We break up a soft brick fine and use the small siftings. It is the best substitute for charcoal. Water must be given sparingly for a week or two or many of the seeds decay before germinating. Once germinated and the returning increase of sunlight of the new year is upon them, it will be found that there will be no check as when sown in September, and the plants will be much larger than if sown at the beginning of the year. Good strong seedling Cyclamens are in most instances preferable to old bulbs kept over, though it must be admitted that if these can be kept over and grown they make the best plants. This is not an easy task, however, and seems to be understood by few. In any case, it is well to sow a few seeds each year to anticipate losses.
Where hybrid Roses are grown it is best to bring in a few after the Chrysanthemums are all gone. This is also a good time to buy new plants, when necessary. They should be planted in deep boxes rather than in pots. These new plants must not be forced to come in as an early crop, but kept for later use. It is better if they are allowed to start when they please, and the results for the future will pay for the waiting. When pruning Roses at this time it is well to save the growth which is cut off. If the pieces are cut in lengths of about twelve inches, cut clean at a joint at the base and tied in small bunches with names before they are heeled in soil in a cold frame, it will be found in April that there is a callus at the base of each cutting, only waiting to be planted to strike root and make fine young stock on their own roots at the end of the growing season. When planting the cuttings out it is necessary to bury them deep in the soil so as to leave but one or two joints visible above ground. This prevents too rapid evaporation of the stored-up sap and will greatly facilitate the formation of roots. I regret that we did not save all the prunings last fall when looking at the young Roses raised in this way.
Winter is closing in rapidly now, and the cold frames where the stock plants of Chrysanthemums and other half-hardy plants are stored must be, in this latitude at least, well lined with dry leaves, kept in place by rough boards. Many of these frames will be in demand for use as hotbeds later on, and the protection is then indispensable. All plants that are susceptible to injury from frost should be placed in a heated structure now. With the best care frames are apt to get a little frost at times when the mats are damp or the cold very severe, and many useful things not easily replaced are lost in this way. South Lancaster MA, E. O. Orpet. 16 December 1896
Mexican Laelias
Laelia anceps and its varieties, L. autumnalis. L. albida, L. Gouldiana, and other forms that bloom during midwinter are particularly useful in this dull season. The flowers of L. anceps alone, if a number of them are grown, make an effective display, especially if a few of the superb white forms are used with the typical form. None of these flowers are of much value for cutting. The stems do not readily absorb water and they fade soon. The flowering plants are, however, useful for decorative purposes, and the flowers last in good condition as long as six weeks in a moderatelycool house free from excessive moisture.
For various reasons these Mexican Orchids have a rather poor reputation among cultivators, but there is no difficulty that may not easily be overcome with rational treatment. It is quite possible that all the Laelias named would thrive better out-of-doors for four months each year, beginning with June, if a light airy structure is not at hand for them. We have for several years had plants of the white form of L. anceps that have steadily refused to flower when grown in the greenhouse, but when placed in partial shade with Cypripedium insigne during the past summer they improved in strength to such an extent that some are now about to bloom, and all show a decided increase of vigor. They were placed in a position where the sun shone on them until about I o'clock, when large Elms afforded shade during the hottest portion of the day. We tried this plan because the new growths were not stiff enough to hold the leaves rigid, and they had a tendency to lay over to one side to their permanent disfigurement if left alone. Sometimes Cattleyas show these symptoms, especially those of the two-leaved section, such as C. Leopoldii and C. Bowringiana, and there-is no surer sign of too much heat and not enough air; perhaps not during the day, for at that time of year the temperature is beyond control, but at night enough air is not allowed to circulate among the plants. As we could not provide a cooler structure with the proper amount of light, we put the plants outdoors. The leaves were tied up to maintain a normal position; they at once began to stiffen, and the results were all that could be desired.
It is well known that there are several types of white Laelia anceps. Some flower freely, as L. Hilliana and L. stella, but many need to be grown very strong to induce them to bloom, as L. Sanderiana. There is no doubt, however, that all will flower each year with proper care, which includes plenty of water. Mexican Laelias enjoy a spraying overhead once a day, and even more often on very hot days, provided the material in which they are grown is suitable and in a wholesome and porous condition. Nothing but good sound Osmunda-root should be used to grow them in, with no addition of moss, as this will decay and make the whole inert. A very little moss might be used as an index to the state of the material in winter, but not enough to blend it through the whole potting material, as is generally done.
It is sometimes advised to keep these plants dry so as to rest them after flowering, but this is a great error. They need recuperation, it is true, but nothing effects this so well as moisture. After blooming, the bulbs are shriveled from the strain upon them, and a fascicle of new roots is pushed from the base of the flowering bulb, which seeks more food in the way of new material and moisture to make good the loss. This is an infallible guide to the right time to repot any Orchid, and it should be rather anticipated than otherwise, for delay will injure the young tender tips of these new roots. As soon as the flowers are cut from Mexican Lelias the roots should, therefore, be examined, and if repotting is required this should be done at once. Only a little compost should be used, rather than too much, owing to the great quantity of water that may be necessary in hot weather.
Laelia autumnalis will now be going out of flower. Our plants have already been taken out of the old receptacles and placed in new ones, with fresh material. If they are to be grown suspended from the roof of the greenhouse it is best to use charcoal for drainage, as it is much lighter in weight and stores moisture well. L. Arnoldiana, L. Gouldiana and L. anceps will need attention soon, as they each go out of bloom.
Laelia albida is not usually a success grown in pots or baskets. The plants, whether newly imported or established pieces, will grow best if tied with copper wire to pieces of Fernroot sawed out flat to the desired size and about two inches thick. The pieces should be wired on the flat side and suspended at the ends of the house. This has proved a good way to grow many of the species that have been most intractable underother methods.
Cattleya citrina is also a Mexican plant and is short-lived in cultivation. Some inferior dried scraps came into our possession some time since and they were also wired to a block of fern fibre. We did not expect them to thrive, but some have flowered; all are growing stronger and most will bloom at the next flowering period. This Cattleya is unique in being the only species found in Mexico, in its yellow color and in its persistent habit of growing downward. These features, added to its delicious fragrance, make it one of the plants that culti vators are anxious to grow well. Growing it on a block is, perhaps, not so generally practiced as circumstances would seem to warrant.
Cattleya Walkeriana,. though of Brazilian origin, may well be classed with the foregoing, owing to its habit of winter blooming, its dwarf, almost round, bulbs, and bad reputation from a cultural standpoint. We had a dozen scraps once, newly imported and rather unpromising in appearance; these were pegged on a block of Fern-root and suspended near the glass. There is great improvement in the size of the bulbs made here over those grown in their home. The plants flower freely and are a pleasing sight now, when some have three and four flowers to a stem. Grown in this way it is a decidedly handsome plant. South Lancaster MA, E. O. Orpet. 30 December 1896
Cypripedium bellatulum
The genus Cypripedium may be said to consist of three well-marked divisions, though but one of these is generally admitted - the tropical American kinds grouped under the name Selenipedium. These are easily recognized by their long foliage without marking, and the pollen is dry and powdery and not of the wax-like consistency common to all Cypripediums from the east; there is also a structural difference in the seed-capsule, and various smaller details make a dividing line between those that come from the east and west. The Cypripediums proper, most of which have beautifully tessellated leaves, are natives of the islands of the Malay Archipelago, where they occur mostly in isolated spots, two species rarely growing together, and also of the mainland of the East Indies, reaching up through Burma and into the Shan states, whence came our most recent acquisition, C. Charlesworthii, sent home by a British officer fortunately possessed of botanical knowledge and taste.
The section of the genus, however, to which reference is specially made now is that which embraces Cypripedium bellatulum, C. niveum, C. Godefroyae and C. concolor, with their several varieties. These are distinct in having flowers of a uniform ground color, from pure white to various yellowish white shades; in the great width of petal, the outer segments of the flowers being equal, or nearly so, and in the markings of spots instead of stripes. The foliage of this division is also strikingly individual, being thick and fleshy, tessellated, and not of such large dimensions as in the other sections. The flowerscapes are always dwarf.
This last section presents as great difference, from a cultural point of view, in the plants themselves. And while separating them botanically is not usually practiced, the cultivator, if he wishes to grow these gems, must be most careful to give them suitable treatment, or they will speedily be classed among the things that were. Hybridists were quick to note the striking characteristics of this section, and soon began to use them. Some of the most interesting results have already been obtained, and it is impossible to predict what is in store, so that it is not so much on account of the species mentioned, as the hybrids that have been raised from them by crossing with other species, all of which partake, to a great extent, of the habit of growth of Cypripedium bellatulum or its kindred. These hybrids are now among the most prized in collections, and it is essential to understand their requirements.
It has often been stated in published descriptions of these plants that they grow on lime-stone rocks, and that the addition of this material to the potting compost will greatly facilitate their growth. We have no lime-stone in this district, but old mortar refuse is an excellent substitute, as well as useful to keep the potting soil sweet and porous, and it is well to use it as drainage for the pots. If newly imported plants are received, it will invariably be found that a deep red clay of a most tenacious nature is adhering to the thick roots. We find even now, after a year or two of watering, that this red earth still sticks to the roots that are alive and sound. This fact set us to thinking about the usual peat and moss compost generally advised, and prepared us somewhat for a later experience - that of finding in some of the noted English collections whole shelves near the roof-glass filled with these Cypripedes, all in most vigorous health, and potted in loam alone, with the addition of lime-stone. The fact is our moss compost holds too much moisture in suspension for the plants, if it is kept in a growing condition, as with other Cypripedes; and if the moss is allowed to die it is even worse, for the plants like to be in a fairly dry condition before water is given. If a few pieces of loam-fibre are placed at and around the collar of the plants it will be found ample for their needs, and water must never be given until it is really needed, or damp will take off even the strongest plants.
Another point to be observed, and it is the most important of all, is to suspend the plants where they will never be watered or sprayed over the foliage. However they may be placed in a wild state, whether in clefts or fissures of the rocks, or if the moisture is rapidly evaporated by the air, certain it is that we must not apply it overhead. It is an easy matter to use pots of exactly the same height, putting several of them together in a basket and dipping them in a vessel of water when dry; no danger of decay at the base of the leaves need then be feared. It is the only difficulty to be apprehended, and one, too, that has prevented many from taking up the cultivation of this exquisite set of plants.
Plants newly received have most likely come by way of Europe, and our experience, which is also that of others, is that thrips are very certain to be present. These destructive little pests seem inseparable for some time, because water cannot be applied so freely as with other species. Strong tobacco dust, a pinch in each growth, will discourage them in time, and fumigating may also be resorted to, as this whole genus will not take harm from the operation.
It is not too much to say that Cypripedium bellatulum at least should be grown in every collection, however small. It is also the easiest to obtain, presents great variety in itself, both in the leaves and flowers, and will almost surely lead one to want other species, as they present, taken altogether, a series of gradations that point to one common origin, though some are insular while others grow on the mainland, far in the interior. The gem of the series is a spotless form of C. bellatulum, discovered by Commissioner Moore, who also found C. Charlesworthii. The foliage is also devoid of color other than green, and this fortunately led to its being kept separate by its discoverer.
Chemical fertilizers for Orchid culture is a delicate subject, and many cultivators denounce their use in strong terms. We have, however, for some time used them in homoeopathic doses, and in some instances with surprising results. We have no hesitation at this time in saying that a little nitrate of soda or sulphate of ammonia, or, better still, both alternately used as a weak solution for watering, will give depth of color to the leaves and vigor not to be had under other treatment. This is mentioned for the purpose of experiment by cultivators of an inquiring turn, rather than by way of refutation of the published opinions of other cultivators. South Lancaster MA, E O. Orpet. 13 January 1897
Garden Phlox
The varieties of garden Phlox are doubtless more useful for summer decoration than any other one class of plants. They are in bloom for three to four months of the year, and few hardy border plants give as much satisfaction for the little care required. Perhaps the slight attention they need is a drawback to their cultivation, as the general impression is that it is only necessary to set out the plants and the work is done. There could not be a greater mistake made with regard to garden Phlox, or, indeed, any other garden plant of value, and only such plants as Dandelion and Purslane take care of themselves.
All highly developed plants, such as Phlox, Double Pyrethrum and Larkspur, are the result of rigid selection and attention, and the tendency is to revert or degenerate to original types. How often when passing a neglected wayside garden do we see near the fence a few Tiger Lilies, a clump of Paeony, and almost inevitably a few tall stems of the old purple Phlox. If the latter is closely examined it will be found to be almost identical with P. paniculata, from which all of this class sprang. No matter how intricate the pathway up to the florist's standard of a good type of garden flower, it is only a step or two back to original principles, and any one who grows such plants in the garden knows that it is more trouble to weed out these reversions each year than to eradicate true weeds. The highly developed varieties of garden plants must be nursed and fed according to their needs. Phlox is a great feeder and requires a constant supply of rich food to keep it in good health. A strong clump will die out, not at once, perhaps, but in a season or two, simply from lack of nourishment. Before it dies an abundance of seed will have been scattered, and the weaker the parent plant, the greater the proportion of fertile seeds, for this is nature's method of perpetuating its kind. The result the next year is a quantity of degenerates in the border, and sometimes there is a tendency of the original plant to revert.
There are three well marked divisions of border Phlox. One has P. suffruticosa as its parent, and is not so often in evidence as the other two that owe allegiance to P. paniculata. From this species there are two sections, one early-flowering and dwarf, and the other is taller and flowers late in summer. These two last named are the ones of most value, from which we have the best forms with brightest colors. There is not much to choose between the productions of Lemoine in France and Kelway in England. Lemoine was the pioneer in this, as in other great advances with garden plants, while Kelway has carried on the work and done much to distribute his plants. A list of the best sorts is scarcely needed here, and would be a repetition of lists already published.
The longevity of these plants depends on their propagation. If only a few reserve plants are needed to keep up the supply, the clumps should be lifted in spring as soon as frost will permit. They should be divided carefully and the pieces replanted in fresh soil. If a larger number is required, the clumps should be placed in a warm greenhouse or hot-bed until they send up young shoots. These should be taken off as soon as long enough, when they will root freely. If grown in pots and hardened off they may be set outdoors in early summer, and they will flower freely at the proper time. Only one large head will be produced the first year, but thereafter the roots will increase rapidly. If a quantity of summer decorative plants in pots are required, some may be kept and grown on in pots, giving them a shift as they need it, and few plants will give greater color-effects than good garden Phlox grown in this way. It is also possible to prolong the season of flowering by taking off the flower-head as soon as it appears. The dormant side-shoots will then develop, and the display will be equally good, but later.
Like many other of our best garden plants, these are purely North American. The original species was found here, but was developed in Europe, as were Pentstemons, and more recently the common wayside Aster. The latter are fertile in good forms of garden origin, but these do not seem to have yet recrossed the Atlantic. South Lancaster MA, E. O. Orpet. 3 February 1897
The Hellebores
It is the intention of these notes to mention more especially the true garden Hellebores or varieties of Helleborus niger, commonly known as the Christmas Rose, but as there are several plants grouped together under the common name of Hellebore, and as some of these have been the means of bringing these beautiful winter flowers into bad repute, it may not be time wasted to consider the synonymy of these popular names.
In the first place, the Helleborus niger has no part in the composition of the insect powder sold under the name of Hellebore powder. This is made of the Veratrum album, or White Hellebore, as a basis, its properties of destroying caterpillars being well known. The North American species, V. viride, is also used, but is said to be less effective in results. The Winter Hellebore is the pretty little Eranthis hyemalis, or Winter Aconite, and there are two Orchids from which the French Helleborine is obtained, namely, Serapias lingua, a native of south Europe, also another Helleborine obtained from the genus Epipactis. Thus we see that under one generic term, Hellebore, we have plants that represent three distinct families, and this is a good illustration of the futility of popular names for plant identification.
Helleborus niger is so called from its black root-stock; it is the Christmas Rose of gardens because it flowers at that season if given treatment so that its flowers may expand at midwinter without the blighting influence of severe frosts such as we experience in New England. In the latitude of New York I have grown these plants and had them flower admirably outof-doors, though only in certain seasons. It is far better, however, to grow them wholly in frames, where they can be shaded in summer from strong sun, for if left undisturbed in such a situation, and protected in winter from cold, there is no difficulty in having flowers of spotless purity at Christmas, when they are most acceptable. It is possible that in the near future we shall see them grown in great quantity for the Boston market, as some of our commercial growers are preparing to have them in quantity, for only in this way can an impression be made. There is every reason to believe that the venture will be a success by having enough plants to lift half each year to produce a crop of bloom and let them rest the year following while taking in the other half.
Of Helleborus niger there are at least half a dozen wellmarked forms cultivated in gardens. There is the narrowleaved form, Angustifolius of English gardens, and another similarly named of Scotch origin, the latter having its white flowers tinged with rose. Altifolius, also called Maximus, has flowers five inches across, and often three on a stem. There is, too, an intermediate form known as Caucasicus, the still better-known Madame Fourcade, with snow-white petals, and lastly, Major, which rivals in size the giant Altifolius. Thus it will be seen that a collection of the form of H. niger alone make a most interesting group in themselves, and are really decorative subjects for the winter season when a little care is taken to supply their needs. It may be said of the whole genus that they dislike disturbance at the root more than most plants do. After division or removal it is often a year or two before they fully recover, hence the need of either planting in pots for plunging or frame treatment all the year, as noted.
Besides the true Christmas Rose, there is another section of the genus that has been developed from the different species that are scattered all over Europe and extend into Asia Minor. There are about ten species from about as many different countries, and under garden culture a race of plants has been produced which are much superior to the species themselves. Of these the best are F. C. Heineman, Frau Irene Heineman, Apotheker Bogren, Doctor Schleicher Albin Otto, W. Schmidt, Commerz, Benary and Hofgartner Hartwig. These are all of German origin, and with their species flower about Easter-time in the open ground; it is possible to grow them out-of-doors the year round if a little protection is given to the ever-green foliage in fall in the way of dry leaves or hay to help collect the snow round the plants. They are, indeed, very suitable for planting as an undergrowth for trees or shrubs that would furnish shade in summer, while they do not rob the soil of so much moisture as to impoverish the Hellebores. A good soil rich in vegetable humus is well adapted to their growth; a top-dressing of leaf-mold will best aid in keeping the plants in vigor, and it should be left as a mulch rather than spaded in and mixed with the soil, as there is danger of disturbing the roots by this operation.
Two species of Hellebore are found wild in Great Britain, though possibly not indigenous. Helleborus foetidus is of a semi-shrubby habit and a plant of great decorative value on account of its fine foliage effects in winter; the other species, H. viridis, is similar, and both have green flowers that are the least desirable feature of the plant, their foliage being more ornamental.
Hellebores bear seed freely, and this may be sown preferably as soon as ripe, or some time will elapse before the young plants appear. But as both the winter and spring flowering sections cross readily, it is possible by forcing one and retarding the other to hybridize the two sections and get very desirable plants. Strong plants are readily separated, and this is the best way to increase any desired variety. South Lancaster MA, E. O. Orpet. 24 February 1897
Lachenalias
Midwinter flowering plants are not, and never will be, too plentiful. This is the one period that taxes the skill of those who have to provide these in quantity, more especially from the end of the Chrysanthemum season until the coming in of Dutch bulbs in spring. Freesias from the Cape of Good Hope are of comparatively recent origin in gardens and fill a place that will never again be vacant, and another valuable set of bulbs, also from the same region, are the Lachenalias. These are very old residents of gardens, since the records show that they were known and cultivated as long ago as 1752, and have since been continuously grown. It does not appear, however, that more than the true species were known, and these remained unimproved down to 1880. At this late date the Rev. John Nelson, an English clergyman, raised the first seedling variety, L. Nelsoni, still perhaps the best of all varieties. More recently still, another clergyman has entered the same field, and to Rev. T. H. Marsh we are indebted for the kinds known as Ruby, Topaz, Little Beauty and Cawston Gem, all of which are distinct gains to gardens. They are, indeed, better than the true species, with the possible exception of L. pendula, which is a giant of its kind.
Most of our winter-flowering plants need an amount of care and preparation during summer that adds largely to their cost, and is not always compensated for by their value when in flower. The popularity of the Freesia among cultivators is largely due to the ease with which it may be stored away in early summer until time for planting in autumn. The same treatment is all that is required for Lachenalias, so that when they are better known they should be more generally grown. Pans, such as other bulbs are grown in, or five-inch pots, should be used, owing to their dwarf habits. The pots are more desirable, owing to their adaptability for general decorative uses. We plant in August in rich soil, and place the pots in a sunny frame until it is no longer frost-proof in early winter. Lachenalias dislike heat and coddling, and the cooler the house, so long as it is free from frost, the better will be the flower-spikes and the foliage. The leaves are attractive and are marked like those of some of the Dogtooth Violets. When the pots are brought into the greenhouse they should, if possible, be placed on a shelf close to the glass, where they can get all the air possible. The flowers will be produced from November until March if a few of the best sorts are grown.
Lachenalias seed freely, come up quickly if the seeds are sown at once, and what is more desirable, perhaps, can be obtained true from seed. This I have heard disputed, but we have them now in bloom without the least variation from the parent variety. While some of the bulbs flower the second year, the majority will take three years to bloom. There is still a field for the hybridist, all the more enticing that the best kinds now known in gardens are of garden origin. No one seems to have yet taken in hand the crossing of the earlier gigantic L. pendula with the later-flowering kinds. We this season planted a lot of L. pendula late in winter for the express purpose of having it in bloom with L. Nelsoni and L. tricolor, and in this we have succeeded. It only remains to cross them, and we may be able to get an infusion of bright coral-red among the yellows that has not been obtained by earlier operators.
A few notes of varieties best worth growing may be in place here, though it is preferable to procure them in autumn with the other bulbs, or as soon as they can be had from Holland. Lachenalia pendula, before noted, is the first to bloom. Indeed, we use it with the earliest of Roman Hyacinths, with which it is a pleasing contrast in color, while the spikes are equal in vigorous development. The leaves of this species are unspotted, and as large as those of a garden Tulip. There is a variety called Gigantea which we have never yet grown, but hope to next year. L. tricolor, of which there are at least half a dozen varieties, is also one of the best. It is in flower now in best condition, and is useful either in pots or for the flowers when cut. The stems should not be cut, but gently pulled out, as Cyclamen flowers are pulled. This adds length to the stelm, and if it is done carefully the bulbs are not injured. L. Nelsoni is the best of all the sorts yet grown. Its color is a bright golden yellow; it increases readily, and is a great advance over its parents, as indeed are the other garden forms already named. It is safe to assume that if these kinds are tried they will be but a beginning, and such species as L. aurea, L. orchioides, L. Cami and L. quadricolor will be added to the set, for all are beautiful and distinct. There are many more species, some of which bear the reputation of being hard to flower in gardens, but with our bright sunny summer days to ripen the bulbs, and the longer growing season in autumn, we ought to have a great advantage over European cultivators.
When one has enough bulbs, there is no prettier way to use them than in baskets. The pendulous spikes show to great advantage in this way, and if moss, with a little bone-meal, is used to grow them in the baskets will not be heavy; a great amount of water or labor will not be necessary. The great secret of cultivating bulbous plants of whatever nature is to take as much care of the plants after they have flowered as when starting them. The bulb is built up for the next year's work after the blooming time, and on this foundation depends all the returns that will be had a year hence. We often hear complaints that Freesias do not bloom well if home-grown bulbs are planted. This depends wholly upon the after treatment that we give them. They should never be disturbed until all signs of growth have disappeared. All the soil should then be shaken off and the bulbs stored in a cool dry place until planting time comes again. South Lancaster MA, E. O. Orpet. 24 March 1897
Cymbidiums
The complaint is often heard that Orchids as a family are far from being ornamental when not in flower, and to the ordinary observer there is nothing to be admired in a house of Cattleyas when the plants are not in bloom, although to the cultivator or connoisseur there is not a day in the year when these plants are devoid of interest. The charge of looking ugly or commonplace cannot be brought against the Cymbidiums as a genus, for even when not in flower they are striking in appearance, especially when seen as large specimens, and many of the species last so long when in bloom that they are among the most decorative of garden plants. There are no difficult subjects in this genus. All of them are terrestrial plants and require a compost that has a basis of loam with enough Fern fibre and broken bricks to make it porous, and they can be easily grown in a moderately cool house. A minimum temperature of fifty degrees in cold weather will suit them better than a higher one, for we have observed that to make some of the species, such as C. Lowianum and C. giganteum, flower freely it is best, after the growing period in fall, to keep them somewhat drier and cooler, to prevent a tendency to start into a second growth, which invariably prevents the production of a full quota of strong flower-spikes.
Cymbidium eburneo Lowianum is a plant of hybrid origin, as its specific name indicates, and it was originally distributed by the Messrs. Veitch some eight years ago. As it is the off-spring of two of the best-known species it is regarded as a triumph of the hybridist's skill. A short time since Mr. George MacWilliam, of Whitinsville, Massachusetts, received a first class certificate for two plants exhibited before the Massachusetts Horticultural Society of this same cross which showed marked differences from the Veitchian hybrid as shown by the colored figure in The Garden of October 5th, 1895. This improvement is not surprising, as the parents were both very fine forms of the two species, and the brighter coloring of the petals and sepals and greater portion of the lip, that is colored bright red, marks these two plants as distinct improvements on the original as figured by Mr. Moon in The Garden. Mr. MacWilliam states that the plants are but four years old from seed, and while only two have flowered this season out of the great number he has raised from the pod of seeds, many more will probably be strong enough next winter, and it will be interesting to mark the variation in the individuals, if there is any. This clever hybridist has found that no two individuals can be depended upon to come alike from the same seed pod, the variation being great, both in the plant and flower. Another remarkable fact concerning the seedling Cymbidiums is, that while the strongest have flowered this winter there are many tiny plants just appearing on the benches and on various pots that are obviously from the seeds sown at the same time.
There are many surprises always in store for the hybridizer, and the interest that attaches to a lot of seedling Orchids cannot be described in words. It has just been demonstrated by Messrs. Veitch that albinos occur among Orchids raised from seeds produced by colored parents, as in Laelio-Cattleya Decia alba, figured in The Gardeners' Chronicle (February 20th, p. 12i), and another clever operator has shown that albinos can be produced true from their own seed. Mr. Cookson has raised Cypripedium Lawrenceanum Hyeanum from seed, and the plant has flowers that are even larger than those of its parent. It is a form of C. Lawrenceanum without the purple in the flower, the white and pea-green giving a beautiful effect, and it will be an inducement for hybridizers to attempt to reproduce the exquisite yellow C. insigne Sanderae true to itself rather than to adulterate it with foreign color. South Lancaster MA, E. O. Orpet 7 April 1897
Carnation, Chabaud
Summer-flowering annual Carnations are of quite recent origin, and it is only about five years since the Marguerite strains were introduced and accepted with much caution by cultivators, for it did not seem possible that they could be brought into flower from seed in so short a time. There has not been any apparent improvement on the Marguerite strain since its introduction; on the contrary, there seems an even greater tendency to the production of single flowers than when first sent out. I have noticed that a large proportion fail to flower the first season, and it is evident that the strain has not been perpetuated with as much care as it deserves.
The Chabaud strain of annual-flowering Carnations was therefore a valuable addition. These seem to combine all the good features of the older Carnations, such as free flowering, diversity of color, fragrance equal to the indoor varieties, and good yellow varieties occur quite frequently. This is one of the few sterling novelties that cultivators are always seeking, but do not succeed in finding with all their purchases.
Annual-flowering Carnations should be sown early in the year if they can be sown under glass. Treated in this way the flowers will be most satisfactory, but it is by no means too late to sow now, as there will be rapid growth during the brighter and longer days. We made a sowing last December to see how large it was possible to have them and how early in the summer, but another sowing made now will lengthen the flowering period considerably in the late summer months, when flowers are scarce. South Lancaster MA, E. O. Orpet. 19 May 1897
Flower Garden Notes
With a garden of flowers judiciously planted, there is no period more interesting than the present when all plants are coming on rapidly and many are at their best bloomn. The mixed border of bulbs, perennials and annuals makes up the ideal combination that will give flowers from April until October, a result not to be gained in any other way, and at the same time it is the most economical way of filling a border, for few plants need replacing each year except the annuals, and the most of the labor lies in weeding out such as are encroaching on their near neighbors; there are always many of these, and a good time to see to it is the present. Seedlings are the most troublesome, perhaps, and these can easily be detected now before they gain vigor. Larkspurs and Phlox are particularly prone to reproduce themselves, and they are almost invariably inferior, and, unless they are really needed in the border, should be pulled up without hesitation. The newer race of single tree Paeonies have wintered well and seem reliably hardy. There were some that never took kindly to the new conditions last year, and these have died during the winter, but the remainder are well set with flower-buds which will in a few days open about the same time as Paeonia tenuifolia, P. Wittmanniana anld P. corallina, all of which are early-flowering species and valuable at this time of year.
It is a matter ot surprise to me each season that there are not more of the species of Tulip planted in gardens for permanent effect. Their beauty, hardiness and longevity are all beyond question and look well mixed. The Parrot varieties, the forms of T. Gesneriana, T. elegans, T. cornuta, T. sylvestris and many more, are all thriving better after a five years' residence than if they had been newly imported from Holland. It is true they have all been lifted twice and replanted, but this was necessary owing to the way the bulbs had increased; but, apart from this, no other attention has been given. Oriental Poppies are also planted through the Tulip bed, a large one, and these will flower in June. All are seedlings from the true blood-red form known as Papaver bracteatum, and we find it comes true from seeds when taken from isolated plants. The Poppies in their turn will die down soon after the Zinnias are set out between the Tulips, and we shall have good effects from these in late summer until frosts arrive. There are no annuals that are so satisfactory as the Zinnias taken in all respects. No insect pests devour them, the flowers are admirably adapted for house decoration when cut, and they are easily raised from seeds. To get the young plants started well, however, they should be planted out on a mild hot-bed from the seed boxes, such as are used for growing on early vegetables. It is difficult to get good strong plants by June if they are set out on a cold bottom.
The Narcissus season is about past now; only a few of the Poet's varieties remain to open, and these are naturalized in the orchard under Apple-trees, where the white starry flowers seem peculiarly suited. They thrive well here, too; better, indeed, than in the border under richer soil and cultivation. The more robust Trumpet varieties do not do as well in the grass; they enjoy more nourishment, and will give correspondingly better returns. If the crop ot flowers has been poor this spring, it is a sure sign of deterioration, and will probably be caused by overcrowding of the bulbs; ours all had to be transplanted last fall, and had been left a year too long. We did not get the amount of flowers this spring that the bulbs ought to have produced, and those that were potted up for forcing did not flower well. Next fall, however, they will be in fine condition to lift for winter blooming, and ordinarily home-grown bulbs give much better returns than those grown in Holland, and they can be had in bloom earlier.
We have been much pleased with the Burbank Canna. It is very similar to Austria, but has more substance, is dwarter, and seems to have broader foliage. We have had a good opportunity to compare them, as we had the two, with Italia, in bloom at the same time. The trio will make valuable plants for flowering in the greenhouse in pots or tubs, and there is no doubt a place for them, even if they are not adapted to outdoor culture, as with the Crozy race.
Another very pretty novelty of this season is the so-called yellow Soupert Rose Moselle. It is extremely double, with a pretty apricot-yellow centre. Now that it is well known what admirable bedding Roses the Soupert Roses make, the Moselle will be a decided gain for summer bedding. The Roses of this race bloom perpetually in the open ground until frost, and their hardiness is undoubted. South Lancaster MA, E. O. Orpet. 9 June 1897
Physalis Franchetti
To those who tried this fine new species last summer it was a disappointment. It was regarded as a pot-plant, and at first even seemed an annual. Late in summer it seemed that stolons were being formed for the next year's display, and we left outdoors those that had been planted out to see if they would prove hardy. These plants are now growing freely in the open border. It is evidently a good hardy perennial in habit, and by no means fitted for pot culture, for the plants that were carried over winter in pots have not been as satisfactory as the ones in the border. This plant has been extensively advertised as the new Chinese Lantern-plant. It was one of the discoveries of Mr. James Veitch during his visit to Japan, or, at least, to him we are indebted for living plants.
Cypripedium bellatulum
Some notes of this beautiful Cypripede were published recently in these columns, more especially as to its culture, and it is not necessary now to say more on this point. A specimen recently exhibited before the Massachusetts Horticultural Society deserves special mention, both for its beauty and its high culture. This plant bore ten fully expanded flowers of large size, the pot being comparatively small for the number of flowers. It was thought deserving of the silver medal of the society. Mr. James E. Rothwell, of Brookline, who is the possessor of this plant, has many fine specimens of this species. One is gigantic in habit of growth and size of flower, the leaves being nearly a foot long and very broad. Another variety is unique in that the spots are in distinct lines through the middle of each segment of the flower. It is a pleasure to find the requirements of these plants so well understood, and they are only one of the remarkable examples of high culture to be seen in this interesting collection which promises soon to become famous. I was pleased to see here a fine specimen of the pure white variety of C. bellatulum. This is the easiest to grow, perhaps, of all its kindred. The leaves themselves are devoid of all purple markings, and it is a very rare plant. Only one, so far as we can learn, has been introduced, but owing to its easy culture it should not long remain unattainable. South Lancaster MA, E. O. Orpet. 16 June 1897
Asparagus Sprengeri
This can no longer be considered a new plant, for it is well distributed over the continent now, and those who were fortunate enough to secure plants early are beginning to enjoy the results of their venture, for the purchase of new plants is speculation of the purest kind. Not only do the plants sometimes vary from the published descriptions, but their behavior is sometimes extremely local, a fault the vender is not to be held responsible for. I am told that in Italy, where Mr. Sprenger had the original plants growing, the stems were upward of eight feet high and studded over with brilliant scarlet seeds, and the visitor who was my informant was most enthusiastic over the plant. Asparagus Sprengerii promises to be even more durable when cut than either of the other kinds now so commonly grown, and though it will never supplant A. plumosus and A. tenuissimus in public favor, it will make a sure place for itself. Our largest plant is now in a twelve-inch pot, and cultivators will find that unlimited potroom is essential for its success, or it must be planted out. The tubers are so numerous that they soon push the soil up out of the pot. The new potting material, Jaddoo fibre, is said to be best suited for such plants. It affords free root-room and enables the tubers to expand in the pots. The flowers of A. Sprengerii are quite pretty, being pure white on short racemes, and the anthers are of a bright orange color. It is decidedly ornamental when in bloom, and one can easily understand the effect of the red berries when ripe. The plant must be propagated from seeds; cuttings will not root, as with A. tenuissimus. Seeds must be freely obtainable, to judge from the rapidity of its distribution recently. South Lancaster MA, E. O. Orpet. 30 June 1897
Seasonable Notes
The height of the flowering season is now here with plants in the hardy flower border, and the unusually wet weather has induced an abnormal growth, with the result that many plants are unduly crowded. I never remember to have seen so luxuriant development of Larkspurs, Poppies, Paeonies, Thalictrums, and, indeed, all such as love moisture, and. this includes about all the plants in the borders. We have found it necessary this year to go about and pull out a great number of the Columbines at the close of the flowering time, or as late as it was possible to tell their colors. The tendency in all cultivated plants is toward reversion if left to themselves, and this is soon seen in a mixed border where selfsown seedlings are allowed to grow. Those thus produced are generally inferior to the parents that are the result of much careful cultivation and selection. Especially is this true of Phloxes, Larkspurs and Columbines. The remedy for this is the rigid weeding out of all that do not come up to the desired standard of excellence. If this is not done our gardens soon present the appearance of those that have been left to their own devices for years and are dominated by the old purple Phlox and a few other plants that are equally hard to kill or eradicate.
The Rhododendrons have been specially good this year, better than ever before, and the growth is now in full progress. It is a great deal of labor to go over the plants and pick off the old flower-stems, but, like many other tiresome operations, it pays well and prevents the plants from wasting their energies in seed-production. After such a heavy strain on their resources in flower-production the growths will not be so strong as in other years, and it is, therefore, especially necessary this season to take off the seed-vessels as soon as possible.
Of Tulips grown in the border, and even those that are massed for spring effects, we do not consider it at all necessary to take up the bulbs after flowering; let them remain in the ground and plant some quick-growing annual over them. It will be found that next year the results will be even better than before, and this is especially true of hardy species, though most bulb treatises recommend annual lifting. We find that the dry period we get in fall ripens up with good results better than if lifting is practiced. If Narcissus have been planted for a number of years, and do not flower successfully, it is because of starvation from crowding, and as soon as the foliage has dried up the bulbs should be lifted carefully, placed separately in boxes, labeled correctly, set in the shade to become moderately dry, and then stored away to be cleaned on some wet days and made ready for replanting in September. It will be found that all the varieties of N. poeticus will have live roots attached to the bulbs. This species seems never to be actually at rest, but there is less root-action at the time the others are dying down than at any other, so that it is safe to lift them with the others, even if there are live roots to be seen. It may seem trivial to tell about careful labeling of bulbs when lifting them, but we have found that with a moderately large collection, or even a small one, it is about impossible, in the first place, to lift every bulb in the ground, and, in consequence, it is better to plant in a different position next time, or mixing will be sure to follow. It also seems about impossible to label all so that they may be rightly distinguished at replanting time. This seems a matter to be easily accomplished, but let him who is sure of it try, and see how his bulbs look at flowering time next year, and the advice will probably not seem so unnecessary.
Any seedling plants that have been raised to add to the borders should be planted without further delay, and it is good practice to have such each year, either for the reserve border or for setting directly where they are to remain. It is also a good time to sow seeds of such as ripen early in the garden, for, if sown now, the plants will be large enough to set out in fall and save a lot of storage-room in the frames during winter and spring. There is no necessity for treating hardy plants under glass at all at this season, or, indeed, at any other, if sowings are made in early summer in carefully prepared seed-beds and transplanting is carried on during showery weather, remembering always the fact that the smaller a plant is, within reasonable limits, when set in its permanent position, the more certain it is to be long an occupant of the garden. Large plants rarely recover from the shift unless they have tuberous roots or some other reservoir to draw upon. South Lancaster MA, E. O. Orpet. 21 July 1897
Greenhouse Notes
Most people are fond of Mignonette, especially when used with other cut flowers, and it is never at its best until cool weather or midwinter under glass. To have it early, or about Christmas, the seed should be sown at the end of this month on a bench in a house that will be cool in winter. A minimum temperature of forty-five degrees is well suited to produce good spikes, and this is about the average temperature of a Violet-house in cold weather. It is almost impossible to make the soil too rich for Mignonette, and it also does best in a deep bench with at least a foot of soil, or, better still, in what is known as a solid bed where the roots may be cool and moist. Of course, a good strain of seeds must be planted. The Machet is most generally used, but any of the selected strains are equally suitable. Care must be taken to give plenty of room when sowing. We usually sow in rows eighteen inches apart, and thin out the plants when they are of good size to six inches in the row. A close watch must be kept when the plants are young for the small green caterpillars of the white butterfly; they will speedily ruin all the seedlings if neglected for a few days, but Hellebore will help, and with hand-picking they may be kept down.
Antirrhinums are becoming popular as winter-flowering plants, and the keeping qualities of the flowers after they are cut are surprising. They make a good succession to Chrysanthemums in the benches, and will flower in early spring. To have plants suitable to set out in benches in November cuttings may be taken now from some plants whose flowers are of special colors, or seeds of the mixed varieties may be sown now to furnish plants that will not have flowered previous to planting indoors. Antirrhinums may also be grown in pots to flower, but, like most free-rooting plants, should have a bench if possible.
The newer kinds of single Violets promise to be most useful flowers. Princess de Galles is a superb flower of good round outline, very fragrant and vigorous in growth. There seems to be no tendency to disease in these new strains, at least I have detected none thus far. Luxonne is another new one that should be tried; it is not so fragrant as some others, but is the largest of all, and owing to the narrow petals it measures almost as much across as some Pansies. The color of both these Violets is a good deep blue, and there seems to be no limit to their length of stem. If grown for no other purpose they ought to be tried for furnishing leaves to go with the double varieties, as these are injured greatly from continual plucking of the foliage in winter-time.
Poinsettias are now starting freely, and as these plants repay good treatment it is well to repot them as soon as growth begins. They should be placed outdoors in full sunshine for the hot months, and with the first cold nights of autumn they should be taken indoors into a cool, airy house at first. If they are wanted for Thanksgiving a little more heat will be needed. The double variety is much later in flowering, and will last well into the new year. The soil should be made very rich at potting-time by the addition of bone or some other convenient fertilizer. It is unsafe to rely upon manure-water to bring them on later, as this is sure to result in the loss of much foliage, which spoils the appearance of the plants when in bloom.
To those who have not tried it before, I would advise pinching off the flower-stems of the main crop of Carnation plants in the field late in the season - say, the middle of August. A few plants should be reserved to flower early and set in cold frames for flowers until the end of November. They will do just as well, or better, than those planted in the greenhouse for the time, and when they are past, those in the house will be coming in with a full crop that will last all winter long, and will make a good succession to Chrysanthemums and help to fill up the inevitable gap that always seems so hard to get over. I have frequently lifted these from the frames to take the place of Chrysanthemums on benches, and they have done well, too, but this should not be necessary. One should calculate to have no flower-spikes showing on the plants at lifting time, and then the crop will come in as described. Very large plants are by no means best, and four plants should be used to cover a given space rather than three. Unless the soil is heavy, care should be taken in lifting to get all the roots up, even if not a particle of soil adheres to them. It is surprising how well the roots take hold of the soil prepared for them if they are free of old soil and carefully planted.
Freesias should soon be shaken out of the old soil if this has not already been done. They seem to ripen better if taken out and put in a dry airy place in paper bags. They are not liable to start unexpectedly either, as sometimes happens when left to summer in the old soil in an out-of-the-way corner. We also repot Lachenalias at the same time as Freesias, and they are stored in a similar way, as they are liable to begin to root if the least moisture reaches them when at rest. Both Freesias and Lachenalias ought to be sorted as to size at potting time if well-flowered pots are desired, the small ones being set aside and grown on separately to flowering strength.
A good time to put in a crop of Hydrangea cuttings is when the strong shoots that have not flowered this summer have reached their growth. They root freely if put in a cool shady place out-of-doors, and from these plants one may get a fine truss of flowers next spring. If they are planted out for a summer they will make fine stock to grow on for forcing the year after. No plants are more likely to become too large to handle properly than Hydrangeas, and it is often a problem how to store them in fall and start them in spring. But with the rooting of a fresh lot each year useful-sized plants may always be on hand and an abundance of flowers.
If Canterbury Bells, Foxgloves, Hollyhocks and other biennials are wanted for use next year, seeds should be sown now. The plants will not be as large as those from seeds sown in spring, but will be much more useful for this reason, and will winter over better where they have to be stored, as in New England. The first two will make useful plants for early flowering in pots, and it is necessary to grow Hollyhocks each year from seeds now that the disease makes such ravages among them. South Lancaster MA, E. O. Orpet. 18 August 1897
Seasonable Suggestions
All bulbous plants that have been at rest during the early summer should now be looked over, as it is time to pot most of them. We are now putting all the stock of Freesias into pots and pans. They will soon begin to make roots if potted, and they never can be in flower too early. It requires early potting and good culture to get Freesias in bloom by Christmas. It is almost impossible to have the soil too rich for these bulbs, and to have really good flowers liberal supplies of liquid-food is necessary after they have begun to grow. We prefer to grow them in pots or deep pans, as they are available then for house decoration. But the best plan, where cut flowers only are required, is to put the bulbs in boxes, and when the shoots are well up to place short twigs of birch between them to keep them erect. We box all small bulbs to grow on to flowering size when it is needed to add to the stock of this fine winter-flowering bulb.
Lachenalias need potting at this time also. They come from the same country, south Africa, and have been at rest for the last three months in the pots in which they grew. It will be found on examination that there are signs of root action starting, and the sooner the bulbs are put in new soil and given moisture the better will be the results. There seems to be a growing liking for Lachenalias, and there are some fine varieties now in commerce, the result of crossing the various species. If it is desired to purchase Lachenalias, it is wise to order early. The Dutch growers last year could not supply many of the kinds, the demand being larger than the supply, especially of the larger-flowered varieties of recent origin. We find that L. pendula makes a fine companion plant for the Roman Hyacinth; it flowers at the same time of year, and adds variety to the prevailing white of the Hyacinths. Lachenalias can be grown in the coolest of houses; they are averse to heat in every case, and a shelf in a Violet-house, where they can be free from frost and have plenty of air, are conditions they delight in. Lachenalias make the best display when potted in five-inch pots. We have had them in pans, but to see them and use them to the best advantage pots are preferable, filled with rich soil. When planted they should be placed in a cool frame until frost comes, when they may be removed to the greenhouse.
To have Roman Hyacinths early we must plant early; in fact, as soon as it is possible to obtain the bulbs. The largest bulbs do not always produce the most flowers, but, preferably, those that are hard and well matured. It is the custom with some growers to rush the crop of bulbs on the market to secure early sales at the risk of maturity. This can be easily detected in the bulb, as it is then not hard and shows signs of premature ripening off at the crown. These delicate and fragrant flowers are in demand as early as Thanksgiving-time, and the bulbs should be planted as soon as they can be obtained.
Mignonette is desirable in winter, especially as it is never seen to so good advantage as when well cultivated in a house with a suitable temperature. Our summers are much too hot to favor the growth of good spikes, and it is well to sow some seeds of an approved strain now to have it when flowers are most scarce, just when Chrysanthemums are past. Mignonette likes a cool temperature, say a maximum of fifty degrees, such as a Violet-house will furnish, and a deep soil. A bench at least a foot deep is best, and though this may seem a great deal of soil, we find it is useful in spring, when hot-beds are being made up for early vegetables, to have the soil from the old spent Mignonette beds ready to hand already warm and in condition for sowing seeds or transplanting vegetables. There are many good strains of Mignonette now, as Allen's Defiance and Sutton's Giant. We have grown the latter for a number of years and it never has disappointed us. Both these kinds seem to be fine selections from Machet, which is the best for outdoor culture.
A word may be said for Browallia speciosa major, which has proved desirable for pot culture in winter. The older Browallias were small-flowered in comparison with this variety, and not very desirable garden plants, but this novelty has all the qualities that go to make a good winter-flowering plant, either for use in pots or as cut flowers. A packet of seeds sown now will make nice plants for winter use and will flower along until late spring. South Lancaster MA, E. O. Orpet. 1 September 1897
Japan Plums
To the Editor of GARDEN AND FOREST: Sir, This new race of garden Plums has been regarded with much interest recently, principally, perhaps, because of the claim made that the Japan Plums do not become a prey to the black-knot fungus that has made it practically impossible of late years to grow the older race of garden Plums. We have an almost complete set of these Plums under trial so far as they are now in commerce, and this year have been able to judge what the fruit is like. Prunus Simoni is the progenitor of this race, and while that species is a rather poor fruit it is very distinct, both in shape, flavor and habit of growth. There is an unpleasant astringency in the skin of the fruit that affects preserves even, and it is necessary to peel the fruit to avoid this unpleasant flavor. But the value of P. Simoni is as a fruit for hybridists to work with.
The best Japan Plum we have found thus far is the Burbank, so named after its raiser, and which seems to be a cross between Prunus Simoni and one of our native Plums. There is certainly no finer plum in cultivation today if we take into consideration its hardiness, free growth and the large size and excellent flavor of its fruit. The tree was in full bloom this spring when a severe frost occurred that ruined most other trees in bloom, but the Burbank Plum came through well and did not seem hurt in the least. The growth made in the first two years after planting was phenomenal, about six feet all over the tree, and no signs of winter-killing were visible. The fruit is as large as a moderate-sized peach, with yellow flesh and a very small stone. We have decided to graft all the older kinds of Plum with the Burbank next spring. This will have the effect of modifying the growth somewhat, and may eventually be an unequal union of stock and scion. This resulted when P. Simoni was worked on the common sorts that had been subject to black-knot, but otherwise the effect was good.
Another Plum we have fruited to a limited extent this year is the Kelsey. It is a much smaller fruit than the Burbank, greenish yellow in color, somewhat like the Green Gage, but not so good in flavor, and it is not a very vigorous grower. It will need another year's trial before we can tell of its value with certainty.
The Abundance Plum is said to excel the Burbank in all respects. I shall be surprised to find this a fact, and it does not now seem impossible. It is highly recommended for planting for market, and a great many of the trees have been set out in this district. We have not fruited it yet, but hope to next year. Among others that are on trial are the Wickson and Satsuma, of Japanese origin. All have proved hardy, free from disease and not subject to any insect attacks. The only objection to be brought against them is their spreading habit, but if this characteristic had been known earlier it could have been corrected by pruning. The knife should be used freely on young trees to bring them into shape and keep them compact, so as to prevent breakage to the trees hereafter by heavy crops of fruit.
To those who wish to grow Plums in the garden I advise the trying of a set of these Japan Plums, as there seems to be good reason to believe that they will be the Plums of the future when the black-knot has wiped the older race out of existence. This pest is hard to control when the hedgerows are full of native species of Prunus, and these trees serve for its propagation. Fruit growers have considered it hopeless to be able to fight the fungus, and are planting the Japanese Plums in place of the native kinds. In planting it should be borne in mind that a much greater distance is needed between the trees a than between other Plums - at least eighteen feet when mature growth is reached by the trees. The curculio seems to be quite as troublesome in these new Plums as on the older ones, though we had hoped much from the thicker-skinned fruit. But to have clear-skinned plums the curculio must be fought in early summer, when it is doing its work. We lost but few from the stings, but the fruit was disfigured. South Lancaster MA, E. O. Orpet. 15 September 1897
Notes from Rochester, New York
To the Editor of GARDEN AND FOREST: Sir, There is always a scarcity of flowering shrubs at this time of year, and, indeed, the flowers of perennial herbaceous plants are not too plentiful in the border at this season, and any additions are welcome.
It was a surprise to see in Highland Park, at Rochester, New York, some very fine specimens of Vitex Agnus-castus in full bloom. Mr. Dunbar stated that the plants were not hardy and had been killed down to the ground each year. The resulting growth gave them the appearance of being herbaceous instead of shrubby plants. The long spikes of bright lavender-blue flowers were extremely ornamental and distinct. V. Agnuscastus and V. incisa are the species grown there, the latter being the inferior in point of color, but both are desirable where a collection is grown. This plant will probably prove hardy enough in a moderately dry soil in all of the eastern states, as the winters at Rochester are more severe than in Massachusetts, and much difficulty is found there with evergreens that ordinarily are quite reliable here. It was surprising to see many plants of doubtful hardiness thriving there, and I was shown a vigorous young plant of Sequoia gigantea that had survived the past winter without protection and which had grown nearly two feet this summer.
The English Broom, Genista scoparia, has also been successfully grown there for a number of years, long enough to form a handsome bush, and at this time is covered with seedpods after a fine display of bloom. It would be interesting to see if the variety Andreanus will prove hardy there also. This is only a form of G. scoparia, but it comes from the hills of Normandy, where it appeared as a sport among the common Broom, and, unfortunately, has not proved as hardy as the type, if the latter is taken from a British-grown plant. It is well known that geographical forms of the same species have varying degrees of hardiness, and while we hope Mr. Dunbar may succeed in acclimating the variety Andreanus, this is doubtful. A plant of this species tried here, and which was well established on its own roots, did not survive the first winter.
There is much of horticultural interest in Rochester in its many large and famous nurseries, and the fine system of parks that has recently been formed is already a credit to the city. This system includes the Genesee River Gorge, a feature unique in its way and of inestimable value for its magnificent scenery, and the gorge has been made secure to the public for all time; the South Park, with its broad pastoral views; and the more highly developed Highland Park, where it has been the object to have every species of deciduous shrub that will grow planted according to its botanical affinity. This has been accomplished in a most happy manner on sloping hillsides that prevent monotony and give easy access by grassy walks. So. Lancaster MA, E. O. Orpet. 29 September 1897
Raspberry, Bunyard's Superlative
I was surprised to find two years ago how good a fruit this is as grown in English gardens, and was at once ambitious to try it in the conditions of our New England climate. A hundred young canes were obtained and these we have fruited in the past two seasons. We are satisfied that there are few, if any, Raspberries to equal this for size and flavor. This impression also finds favor with Messrs. Ellwanger & Barry, who have about 40,000 plants of this Raspberry in their grounds, soon to be distributed. The canes are very stout and rigid, so that no staking seems to be required; the berries are abundant, and so large that they are often coxcomb-shaped like some strawberries. The fruit bears transportation better than that of many of the smaller varieties. Messrs. Ellwanger & Barry assure me that this variety is as hardy as any they grow, and much hardier than some others of native origin. This statement is reassuring, for we have covered our canes with earth each winter to make sure of them, as is necessary in this section with all the other varieties to obtain a crop. Many kinds are under trial here to find out which is the best. We have most interest in a lot that are the result of two large berries taken when ripe in the summer of 1896, rubbed out in fine dry sand and sowed at once. The seed pans were frozen early last winter and brought into warmth the beginning of the year, when the seeds at once came up. From this seed we have now more than two hundred fine young canes, averaging four feet in height and still growing. These plants, we think, are the result of a cross between the Cuthbert and Superlative Raspberries, as these two kinds grew together and bees were plentiful. Great variation is apparent in the habit of the seedling canes, and we shall watch with interest their fruiting next summer. There is yet much scope for improvement in Raspberries; none are hardy enough, the habit of many, especially the new Columbian, is very distressing when one has to pick the fruit, and afterward when the new growth is so far advanced as to become prostrate.
As already stated, Raspberry canes require protection in this section by laying them down and covering them with earth in the fall. One season the frost came early and continued, and the canes could not be laid down in the usual way. Loose straw litter was strewed over them after they were laid on the level. This plan was only tried once, as the field mice congregated apparently from the whole county, and in spring not one cane was left ungirdled. There were no Raspberries that summer. South Lancaster MA, E. O. Orpet. 6 October 1897
Tamarix Chinensis
But few really good autumn-flowering shrubs are hardy and suitable for this climate, and those that are available are not used to the extent which their merits warrant. The beauty of Tamarix Chinensis is strikingly displayed in an isolated clump grown where it shows to advantage, and this beautiful plant deserves more general recognition. The whole genus of Tamarix is beautiful. There is great similarity in the species, but some flower in early summer, while the season is prolonged until late September by T. Chinensis. Tamarix plants are known as being valuable for seaside planting, owing to their ability to endure the saline atmosphere, and they are used to a limited extent in such situations. But their requirements are not by any means fastidious; any soil will suit them, and we have found them perfectly hardy, even young plants surviving severe winters.
It has been objected that these shrubs soon become bare at the base, and this is true of many plants that are not cared for properly. But there is no real objection to Tamarix plants if they are cut back frequently near to the base in spring before they start to grow. Indeed, this is the best possible way to obtain strong shoots with large terminal panicles of the pretty rosy pink flowers; when thus treated the shoots start at once from the base, and often attain to great height by the end of summer. This method applies only to the spring-flowering kinds. Those that flower in early summer, as T. tetrandra, should be cut back after the flowering season, in common with all early-flowering shrubs. Too often in small suburban gardens all the shrubby plants are sheared over until they are shaped like more or less symmetrical peg-tops, and all the promise of bloom is shorn off. Inexperienced men will do this sort of shearing as long as the owners are ignorant of the needs of plants, and those who do this kind of pruning are perhaps less to blame than the persons who employ them.
Tamarix Chinensis is admitted to be the best of the genus, and is found in some lists as T. Japonica and also T. plumosa; the latter name is suggested by the dense, plume-like habit of growth and panicles of flowers, which are bright pink in the buds and turn to paler pink on expanding.
We have found this genus extremely easy of propagation. It is an easy matter at pruning-time to cut the smaller twiggy growths into lengths of a foot and put them into the open border the greater part of their length. Most of these will grow if the season is favorable. If a greenhouse is available the cuttings may be inserted in pots earlier in spring, and the plants thus started will be much stronger at the end of the first season and should flower the second year.
In the year I893 Monsieur Lemoine sent out a new species called Tamarix Kaschgarica, which he raised from seeds collected in central Asia. This flowers in September and has proved to be a good and distinct plant. It was afterward found to be but a form of T. hispida, which has a very wide range geographically. Indeed, the genus has a very wide distribution. T. Gallica is found all along the Atlantic shore of France; T. Indica is a native of the East Indies; T. tetrandra comes from the Crimea; T. Germanica is distributed over a great portion of Europe, among the mountains and along the river banks. All of these species are considered hardy in the eastern states, and all are worthy of a place in gardens, especially where saline or alkaline conditions exist, and where it is difficult to make other plants grow. South Lancaster MA, E. O. Orpet. 3 November 1897
The Cultivation of Mushrooms
This is an ideal time for preparing to make Mushroom beds, and if there is enough fresh material at hand for the purpose and a place where it may be laid out for a few days to air and sweeten, there will be no trouble now from flies, which give great annoyance earlier in the year, both before and after the beds are made. Our Mushroom beds have always been made up under the greenhouse benches, and those started early in the fall have always brought out a crop of flies that were hard to dispose of and very troublesome while they lasted.
The difficulty experienced in drying the material sufficiently before making up the beds so that the heat will not exceed one hundred degrees, has always caused us much labor. Sometimes a bed has had to be dug up after it was made firm so as to release the heat. We are now careful to have such absorbents at hand as a few loads of dry loam; this is mixed with the fresh manure and turned a few times, and there is then no great heat generated to dispel the ammonia necessary for the sustenance of the crop. The beds are thus easily made firm, there is no danger of overheating, and the heat being preserved instead of dispelled it lasts much longer in the beds. The crop is correspondingly better and of longer duration. We use about one-third loam and two-thirds manure. Some growers use one-half well-decayed manure and the other half fresh, and this seems to give good satisfaction.
After making up the beds the thermometer must be plunged well down and watched for a few days, and if there is no greater heat than ninety-five degrees it is safe to spawn. A greater heat than this will kill the spawn. At the end of a week if the heat does not rise the beds may be soiled over and made firm with the back of the spade. If the heat goes below seventy degrees a layer of hay about eight inches deep should be put over the beds. The warmth will at once be drawn to the surface near the spawn, and after this the heat may be regulated by adding to or taking off the covering.
There is always uncertainty about Mushroom-spawn even to a practiced grower. One has to rely implicitly on what the dealer sends, and it is exasperating to find, after much care and labor, that the spawn is of poor quality. It is curious, too, that it is always the spawn that is at fault. If it has white threads visible on the outsides of the bricks the mycelium has started one stage forward. As this process should take place in the beds themselves, the prospects for a good crop are reduced before planting. But with good fresh spawn, such as is imported by reliable firms in ton lots, there is little danger of failure if proper attention is given to the conditions. We have had great success with the cultivation of Mushrooms under the benches in a Carnation-house. In six years we have never had a total loss of crop, though some crops have been much better than others. A warm cellar would be a much better place and furnish better atmospheric conditions. But in the absence of a cellar one need not hesitate to try Mushrooms in.the greenhouse at this season. South Lancaster MA, E. O. Orpet. 10 November 1897
The Storing of Bulbs
Bulbous and tuberous-rooted plants are indispensable for the garden in summer, and each autumn the best method of storing the bulbs and tubers must be considered. A great number of these plants rest annually at this period, and unfortunately, the plants that are taken the best care of while growing are often sadly neglected when at rest. They are frequently put to one side after they have flowered, as if they did not need further attention until it is time to plant them. But it takes a bulb longer to recuperate after flowering than it does to produce a crop. Often the flower-stem and leaves may be found within the bulb seemingly ready to start and come into bloom in a few weeks; but months of preparation are necessary for this growth to be possible. The Hyacinth and Narcissus are instances. What are known as Holland bulbs are for the most part spring-flowering, and are now in a cool cellar buried in sand and ripening for planting. Most of the south African bulbs and others from various parts of the globe are inclined to take their rest at this time, fortunately, and we thus have a store to draw upon when winter and spring bulbs are past.
Amaryllis are steadily increasing in popularity. These plants are admirably adapted to house decoration and are easy to cultivate. Our stock has become so large that it is each year more difficult to store it. A cellar is not suitable, for at this time these bulbs need light and warmth to mature them. Much of the foliage is yet green, indeed A. aulica and its offspring are evergreen. It is unwise to cut off the stems and leaves, and these must die naturally. When the bulbs are perfectly at rest they may be stored under the benches or on shelves in the greenhouse; care must be taken that they do not become dust-dry or soaked with water. Amaryllis are for the most part deciduous, but a few roots will remain through the winter, and these are a great aid to the production of strong flower-spikes if they are properly taken care of and not allowed to rot or dry off. We are now starting a few of the bulbs which have matured earliest for an early display, and at the beginning of the new year all will be started. The only way to make up a collection of Amaryllis is to raise them from seeds of a good strain. Seedlings, however, are evergreen until they have reached maturity; that is, at the beginning of the third winter after sowing the seeds they begin to lose their leaves and should be treated like the older bulbs.
Gloxinias are, perhaps, the most showy of summer-flowering bulbs and are grown in large numbers. They are slow to go to rest if well grown and not neglected after blooming. We hesitate to dry off Gloxinias even at this time if they show no signs of drying, but give moisture as long as it is necessary to support the leaves that are building up the bulb to greater dimensions and vigor. After Gloxinias are dried off it is preferable to store them in the pots they grew in during summer. We frequently have not room enough to keep them in this way and they are shaken out and stored in boxes, soil being sifted in between the bulbs. Tuberous Begonias are treated in exactly the same way. If they have been used out-of-doors and have been cut off by frost they must be lifted and laid in an airy place until the stems part readily from the bulb, and then they may be put away in boxes. Both Begonias and Gloxinias are apt to suffer from what is known as dry rot in winter. A little moisture should be supplied to keep the bulbs plump, and then many of the root fibres will survive the winter and be an advantage in spring. It is often said that a place where potatoes may be safely wintered is suitable for storing Begonias and Gloxinias. I prefer a place with a little more warmth; a minimum of forty-five degrees is advisable, and certainly not more than fifty degrees as a maximum for any length of time if it is desired to have a late summer display.
At this time we shake Achimenes out of the soil in which they grew and use the pans for other bulbs. These bulbs may be picked out of the soil, placed in dry sand and kept perfectly dry during the winter if stored on a cool bottom in a cool house. We take the precaution to put a board under the pots or moisture would be drawn up by capillary attraction sufficient to start them too early, or at an inconvenient time. Our last Achimenes are just going out of flower; we find that these plants flowering late in September are a pleasing feature in the cool house; in the hottest summer months the flowers wilt at midday and the display is then short-lived.
We grow a large number of Japan Lilies for summer decoration, mostly of the L. speciosum type, and these have just been cut down and put in a cellar. There are no more valuable plants for use in late summer. To have them late it is advisable to store the bulbs in a cellar where there is moderate freezing. This will keep them dormant until it is safe to put them outdoors. If stored in a cellar that is frost-proof they will certainly start to grow before it is safe to have them outside, and in a glass structure their flowering period is hastened at least a month, and they will not last until the Japanese Anemones come in to take their place.
Nerides are valuable autumn plants and would, no doubt, be seen oftener if they did not take up so much valuable space in winter. As they flower first and then produce foliage they need care now. It is a mistake to repot them before they bloom, as we have found to our cost, but it may be safely done now. If it is not desired to increase the stock all the young bulbs may be taken off and thrown away. The point is to take the strain of support from the flowering bulbs or the display will be poor the next season. They should be potted according to their size, five or six bulbs in each pot. They should not again be disturbed for two years. With this treatment we have had a fine display this fall, and a good growth is now being encouraged.
Where summer decoration is required few plants lend themselves more kindly than the ornamental-leaved Caladiums. The set of Brazilian sorts shown at Chicago in 1893 has greatly increased the popularity of these plants, and they are becoming better known each year. These are truly tropical bulbs, coming from under the equator, and cold is fatal to them, even for a short period. They must never be stored in a place where the temperature falls below fifty degrees, but above this degree of temperature there seems to be no limit. A friend winters his Caladium-bulbs on the pipes in a house where tropical Palms are grown; they are stored in the pots and soil in which they grew. A better plan is to shake out the bulbs at this time if the leaves have died off, and after cleaning off all decayed particles that are sometimes found at the base of the tubers, they should be placed in dry sand, new labels written for them, and stored in the boiler-cellar, as it is generally warm there. If decay is seen to have penetrated the tissues of the tuber, this must be cut away and some dry charcoal-dust mixed with a little sulphur be placed directly under the cut and filled round with sand. There will be no danger of losing valuable kinds if the bulbs are attended to in time. The newer English dwarf kinds are, without doubt, among the finest achievements of the hybridizers' skill, and reflect great credit on the raiser and distributers. Unfortunately, their price is almost prohibitory; but we have noticed that these highly-colored varieties are slow to increase, their vigor in this direction being dependent on the amount of green coloring matter contained in the leaves.
Gladioli, Acidantheras, Tritonias and Montbretias are all of the same nature from a cultivator's standpoint. They should be lifted in autumn as soon as frosts have killed off the tops. The new bulbs are then cleaned free of old roots and the old bulb that adheres to the base of the new one. After being laid out to dry for a few days in an airy dry place they are best kept in strong paper bags such as Holland bulbs come in. These should be suspended in a dry cool cellar free from frost. If care has been taken to free them from moisture they can be safely left until the next midsummer for the latest planting. We separate Gladiolus bulbs into two sizes, many of the largest being set apart for early use in pots. These are started in the greenhouse soon after January, and flower in the pots in May, being planted out in the border to mature. Some of the largest bulbs are also kept for late planting. Cultivators of large quantities of Gladioli bulbs find that the best way to winter their stock is to suspend it in a cellar as already described, except that when many bulbs are stored coarse bags are used, so as to admit air and let the moisture escape. If the bulbs are moist, root action will begin long before planting time, and the contents of the bags will be a mass of roots that must be broken to separate the bulbs.
This year we have planted out our Gloriosas. They promise to be of more value outdoors than in the greenhouse, as their liability to insects in heat makes it difficult to succeed with them. When planted out there is no trouble of this sort and they flower freely. They may be lifted and stored like the Caladiums after frost has killed them back. It will be found best to start them in heat to bring them forward, or they are likely to remain in the soil half the summer before they begin to grow. Both Gloriosa superba and G. Plantii give satisfaction when used in this way.
Dahlias and Cannas may be stored in a frostproof cellar. Cannas must be placed on a perfectly dry bottom and most of the earth shaken out, or decay from moisture will follow. We once lost our whole collection from this cause. Cannas really need a little warmth to do them justice, especially the newer ones, as they seem to have a tendency to be evergreen. Cannas will also winter perfectly under the benches in a cool greenhouse if boards are placed under the roots. If they are moist they will start to grow before the proper time, and too much space is taken up in the houses when it can least be given. We prefer dry storage in a cellar that would be considered warm. South Lancaster MA, E. O. Orpet. 1 December 1897
Autumn Protection
To the possessor of a garden autumn is almost as busy a time as spring, though the work is different and not so interesting. All planting should be finished by the first of November, as there is not time enough thereafter for newly planted subjects to get established before cold weather, and there would thus be no reserve force for the plants to draw on during winter. After that date it is better to postpone planting until spring, or if plants arrive late, to store them in a cellar or other suitable place until spring.
In the garden many plants that are classed as hardy are not trustworthy in this respect. They may pass through a season or two without damage, but will be injured or killed in an unusually severe winter, or a normal winter after a wet and sun-less autumn. The past two months have been favorable to the ripening off of growth made during the past summer; this is fortunate for the plants, for if the autumn had been sunless many plants would have been killed this winter.
If there is any doubt about Evergreens, Rhododendrons especially, we always protect them by placing Pine or Spruce boughs between the plants. Formerly we covered the plants with a thatched roof of branches, but they are now too high to protect in this way. We find that if the branches are disposed through them so as to ward off the sun's rays in the early spring months scorching is prevented. The boughs should remain until after the first hot days in April, which most cultivators agree is the critical period. We bank two feet of dry forest leaves about the roots of the Rhododendrons early in November or before that time. These are not removed in spring, and the vigor the plants have taken on under this treatment is surprising. They act as a mulch to keep the soil moist. They are eventually taken down by the earthworms, and are just the kind of food that is good for the plants.
Hardy plant borders have now been trimmed of all the top growth, and this is the time to make preparations for vigorous growth next year if the soil needs replenishing. Last fall our borders were covered with about six inches of leaf-mold, as this material was at hand. It was left on this summer, and every plant came up through it with a surprising vigor. Two seasons are necessary for leaf-soil to become properly decomposed; the decomposition may be hastened by the addition of lime, but it would not then be available for use indoors for Ericaceous plants, or for Rhododendrons in the border, as lime is fatal to all plants of this order, and, in fact, to all that have fine hair-like roots. In the absence of leaf-soil, well-rotted manure may be safely used on borders; in gardens this is almost as scarce an article as leaf-mold, as it is generally desirable to use it before it reaches the stage of mere decomposed vegetable matter; but the use of any but old well-decayed material is not desirable.
It has been generally supposed that Lilies dislike manure in the soil, and these plants are often almost starved. It is true that manure should not be placed near the bulbs, as it often causes decay. This is especially true of newly-planted bulbs; these are sometimes bruised, and the elements of decay are present, and with but little encouragement become fatal. In the case of established bulbs, however, it is necessary to provide a rich stimulant to bring them into luxuriant flowering. If this is applied now as a top-dressing the improvement will be marked next year, and the application is likely to be made annually. Lily-of-the-valley beds are also now given their usual winter covering, preferably of leaf-soil. I find that a destructive fungus is likely to attack these bulbs if manure is used. A long succession of these flowers may be had out-of-doors by carefully arranging the beds with regard to exposure to the sun in spring, and by regulating the covering. We had good flowers last summer a month after the first came in, from a planting under the shade of Pine-trees, where the frost did not thaw out until late. Lily-of-the-valley is one of the few subjects that will thrive admirably under Pine-trees; I have seen them growing wild in such a location.
If Narcissus are grown by themselves in a separate border it is necessary to give them a good protective mulch. It will be found that the young shoots are well started already, and if as sometimes happens, snow and frost come late, they will even appear above the ground and be hurt when cold weather sets in, or late in spring before the arrival of genial weather. If they are covered now this will serve also as a fertilizer in spring, and will serve also to nourish the crop of annuals which will follow the Narcissus for a late summer display. Last season we planted Gladioli between the rows of Narcissus; this was even more satisfactory than Asters, or annuals which cover the ground more.
Coniferous trees and shrubs, such as the Retinosporas, Juniperus, Thuyopsis dolobrata and the Golden Yew need protection from the sun. We find these perfectly hardy in the most exposed situations if they are sheltered from the hot sun when frozen. Young trees of Sciadopitys and the Nordmann Fir are also apt to suffer from this cause. The latter will lose its leader year after year when young if not protected, and the Japanese Silver Fir (Abies firma) is sure to be hurt in a sunny exposure. The branches of Norway Spruces are useful as a screen and save choice trees from damage; these must be firmly placed in the soil about the tree before the ground is frozen or the storms will displace them.
Young Magnolias that have been set out recently ought to be given some shelter for a year or two. We lost almost the whole of a collection two winters ago. Well-established trees were killed to the ground in some cases, and the strong shoots now sent up are even more liable to injury. Magnolias, which are so beautiful and so hard to get established, should have shelter for a year or two after planting.
Hardy Roses are so called, we presume, because they do not die off at once the first winter. We find that a very short list will include all that are iron-clad, but the lives of Roses can be prolonged if the earth is drawn up about them at least a foot high. This banking will also attract the snow and thus be a help. Roses are quite apt to die to the ground if they are unprotected; if straw litter is used it will attract the field mice and these are worse even than frost, for they usually girdle the plants down to the ground-level.
A garden would lose half its charm were not these precautionary measures needed. They keep us interested in the well-being of the plants, and protective measures are never lost labor. It is better to be safe than regretful, and this is the time to get on the safe side. South Lancaster MA, E. O. Orpet. ''29 December 1897''
''With the present issue, which completes the tenth volume, the publication of GARDEN AND FOREST ends. For ten years the experiment has been tried of publishing a weekly journal devoted to horticulture and forestry, absolutely free from all trade influences, and as good as it has been possible for us to make it. This experiment, which has cost a large amount of time and money, has shown conclusively that there are not persons enough in the United States interested in the subjects which have been presented in the columns of GARDEN AND FOREST to make a journal of its class and character self-supporting. It is useless to expend more time and money on a publication which cannot be made financially successful, and must, therefore, sooner or later cease to exist. Mr. J. H. Griffith, room 106, Tribune Building, New York, is authorized to receive money due to the Company, and to attend to any other business matters which may arise in winding up its affairs. GARDEN AND FOREST PUBLISHING Co.'' ===Sources===
Artistry of Elizabeth C. Whitteker
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Artur Johnson Military Service
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Arthur Johnson
Artwork
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Artwork ONS
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Arundel, York, Massachusetts (now Maine), USA Census Data
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Arvati
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Arwen The Chihuahua
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Arwood/Byrd/Hardin Connections
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[https://www.wikitree.com/index.php?title=Space:Descendants_of_Francis_Bird_%26_Jane_Littleton&public=1 Related Project]
[[Space:Descendants_of_Moses_Harding_and_Mary_Anglina_Ball|Related Project]]
[[Space:Byrd/Bealle_Connections|Related Project]]
[https://genesis.gedmatch.com/login1.php GEDmatch]
The goal of this project is to trace the DNA matches between [[Arwood-98 |Richard Arwood]] with descendants of [[Bird-7326|Francis Bird]] and [[Schamerhorn-4|Rhoda Schamerhorn]], [[Harding-858|Charles Harding]] and [[Lunsford-86|Rachel Lundsford]] and [[Moore-5087|James Moore]] and [[Henry-8372|Barbara Henry]] to extend the Harding and Byrd family trees. == DNA == Chromosome 1 *752,721-2,794,470 @ 6.6 cMs w/ [[Hall-34851|Nancy Hall]] *162,600,914-164,649,240 @ 4.8 cMs w/ [[Hall-34851|Nancy Hall]] Chromosome 2 *67,924,370-75,482,375 @ 9.7 cMs w/ [[Micheals-3 |Marshall Micheals]] *72,101,633-75,114,730 @ 4.1 cMs w/ [[Hall-34851|Nancy Hall]] *129,983,541-133,090,137 @ 4.2 cMs w/ [[Micheals-12 |Diane Micheals]] *130,007,996-133,206,678 @ 4.3 cMs w/ [[Hetrick-296 |Kirsten Hetrick]] Chromosome 3 *133,637,892-139,454,159 @ 5.1 cMs w/ [[Micheals-12 |Diane Micheals]] *181,423,286-183,774,762 @ 4.2 cMs w/ [[Pinkston-369|Ida Pinkston]] Chromosome 7 *128,112,709-130,949,902 @ 4.3 cMs w/ [[Hall-35358 |Ann Marie Hall]] *149,542,524-151,387,520 @ 4.3 cMs w/ [[Hastings-2993|William Hastings]] Chromosome 8 *47,867,166-54,114,761 @ 4.6 cMs w/ [[Hetrick-296 |Kirsten Hetrick]] Chromosome 9 *10,284,628-13,453,984 @ 4.3 cMs w/ [[Fortenberry-417|William Fortenberry]] *136,865,879-137,512,483 @ 4.1 cMs w/ [[Pinkston-369|Ida Pinkston]] Chromosome 10 *115,826,508-118,906,143 @ 4.1 cMs w/ [[Coker-808|Mary Coker]] *130,541,923-131,466,410 @ 4.1 cMs w/ [[Lane-8100|Lynda Lane]] Chromosome 12 *18,902,495-21,339,690 @ 4.2 cMs w/ [[Coker-808|Mary Coker]] Chromosome 13 *37,430,341-40,293,686 @ 4.8 cMs w/ [[O'Grady-550|Laura O'Grady]] Chromosome 14 *23,340,024-25,257,780 @ 5.0 cMs w/ [[Allison-5412|Malinda Allison]] *31,245,971-33,273,511 @ 5.3 cMs w/ [[Pinkston-369|Ida Pinkston]] *67,886,781-71,359,585 @ 4.2 cMs w/ [[Lane-8100|Lynda Lane]] Chromosome 15 *28,086,396-29,957,185 @ 4.7 cMs w/ [[Micheals-12 |Diane Micheals]] *28,171,128-29,891,529 @ 4.3 cMs w/ [[Hall-34851|Nancy Hall]] Chromosome 16 *95,254-1,234,842 @ 4.2 cMs w/ [[Allison-5412|Malinda Allison]] Chromosome 17 *38,257,090-44,189,067 @ 4.1 cMs w/ [[O'Grady-550|Laura O'Grady]] *78,078,709-79,532,654 @ 4.4 cMs w/ [[Hammer-1489|Ralph Hammer]] Chromosome 18 *7,118,955-7,990,780 @ 4.1 cMs w/ [[Allison-5412|Malinda Allison]] *59,693,041-65,175,712 @ 8.8 cMs w/ [[Fortenberry-417|William Fortenberry]] Chromosome 19 *6,464,936-7,827,137 @ 4.4 cMs w/ [[Schnatterle-7 |Jason Schnatterle]] *6,460,214-7,763,248 @ 4.2 cMs w/ [[Micheals-3 |Marshall Micheals]] *6,412,929-7,635,871 @ 4.2 cMs w/ [[Byrd-3150|Clifford Burdell Byrd]] *8,610,313-10,111,065 @ 4.4 cMs w/ [[Harryman-79 |Ruby Harryman]] Chromosome 20 *17,891,945-19,935,507@ 4.4 ccMs w/ [[Hastings-2993|William Hastings]] *19,228,239-20,805,391 @ 4.2 cMs w/ [[Allison-5412|Malinda Allison]] *41,612,425-45,188,884 @ 5.6 cMs w/ [[Byrd-3150|Clifford Burdell Byrd]] Chromosome 21 *14,670,124-18,814,568 @ 11 cMs w/ [[Bird-7594|John Thomas Bird]] *16,447,754-18,381,801@4.1 cMs w/ [[O'Grady-550|Laura O'Grady]]
Arwyddvarrd - Explanatory notes
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Asa (aka Dick) Jewitt
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Asa Research
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New England Historic Genealogical Society; Boston, Massachusetts; State of Vermont. Vermont Vital Records through 1870
{{Ancestry Sharing|30967473|a269a7}} - {{Ancestry Record|4661|33903}} (accessed 25 October 2022)
Asa Alger marriage to Polly Alger on 5 Oct 1813 in Waterbury, Vermont, USA. * '''Birth''': "Connecticut, U.S., Town Birth Records, pre-1870 (Barbour Collection)"
Genealogical Publishing Co.; Baltimore, Maryland, USA; The Barbour Collection of Connecticut Town Vital Records. Vol. 1-55; Publication Date: 1994-2002; Volume: 20
{{Ancestry Sharing|30967575|ed2e4c}} - {{Ancestry Record|1034|325593}} (accessed 25 October 2022)
Asa Alger born on 4 Apr 1758 in Killingly, Connecticut, USA. * '''1790 Census''': "1790 United States Federal Census"
The National Archives in Washington, DC; Washington, DC; First Census of the United States, 1790.; Year: 1790; Census Place: Newhuntington, Chittenden, Vermont; Series: M637; Roll: 12; Page: 162; Family History Library Film: 0568152
{{Ancestry Sharing|30967584|7023cf}} - {{Ancestry Record|5058|400009}} (accessed 25 October 2022)
Asa Alger in Newhuntington, Chittenden, Vermont. * '''1820 Census''': "1820 United States Federal Census"
1820 U S Census; Census Place: Bolton, Chittenden, Vermont; Page: 529; NARA Roll: M33_127; Image: 133
{{Ancestry Sharing|30967591|9400fb}} - {{Ancestry Record|7734|1023476}} (accessed 25 October 2022)
Asa Alger in Bolton, Chittenden, Vermont. * '''Military''': "U.S., Revolutionary War Pensioners, 1801-1815, 1818-1872"
The National Archives; Washington, D.C.; Ledgers of Payments, 1818-1872, to U.S. Pensioners Under Acts of 1818 Through 1858 From Records of the Office of the Third Auditor of the Treasury; Record Group Title: Records of the Accounting Officers of the Department of the Treasury; Record Group Number: 217; Series Number: T718; Roll Number: 6
{{Ancestry Sharing|30967597|789904}} - {{Ancestry Record|1116|9575}} (accessed 25 October 2022)
Name: Asa Algere; Year range: 1831-1848; Pension Office Place: Windsor, Vermont, USA.
Asa Sagers Timeline (1859-1932)
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Asai Family Reunion
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Asamati
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Asaph Shadley Homestead
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Return to [[Shadley-99]]
His barn was the former "Old Shadley homestead." Grandfather entered, and bought a section of land from the government;{{Image|file=Asaph_Shadley_Homestead.jpg |align=c |size=L |caption=Land Purchase. }} and at once began to clear a spot and build a log cabin for his family; and where four other children were born: Davis S., Elizabeth, Sarah Jane and Margaret R. {{Image|file=Asaph_Shadley_Homestead-4.jpg |align=c |size=L |caption=The Shadley Restored Cabin}} {{Image|file=Asaph_Shadley_Homestead-5.jpg |align=c |size=L |caption=Shadley Homestead}} {{Image|file=Asaph_Shadley_Homestead-2.jpg |align=c |size=L |caption=Let the Restoration Begin.}} {{Image|file=Asaph_Shadley_Homestead-1.jpg |align=c |size=L |caption=Restoration Begins}} {{Image|file=Asaph_Shadley_Homestead-3.jpg |align=c |size=L |caption= Saving History}}
Asbury Name Study Info
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Ascea Italy
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Ascendancy of Allene Ray Wagner to Charles the Great
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Jacob MacDonald “Mack” Wagner
:Born in Valle Crucis, North Carolina on 9 February 1873."Mack C. Wagner Dies of Injuries," Bluefield Daily Telegraph, 18 April 1938, p. 3. Married to Mary "Zenobia" Wagner circa 23 December, 1902 in Johnson County, Tennessee."Tennessee State Marriages, 1780-2002," database and images, Ancestry (http://www.ancestry.com : 2008), entry for J D (Unknown) Wagner and Zenoba Wagner, 23 Dec 1902; citing p. 358, Johnson, Tennessee, United States, Tennessee State Library and Archives, Nashville, Tennessee. Died 17 April 1938 in Princeton, West Virginia. :Mack was jailed around September 30, 1894 for robbing the post office in Valle Crucis of "a large amount of stamps and money contained in numerous registered letters", along with his brothers, Lloyd, Tice, and Judd.The Wilmington Messenger, 30 September 1894, p. 2. While awaiting trial he attempted a jailbreak with his cell mates, but unfortunately the would-be escapees only made it as far as the hall.Daily Concord Standard, 20 October 1894, p. 1. The brothers' case attracted quite a lot of attention when it was first heard in April 1895, with more than 30 witnesses for the government and 20 for the defendants. It had to be continued until the fall on account of an illness contracted by Mack.Statesville Record and Landmark, 25 April 1895, p. 7. While waiting for their trial to resume, the brothers hired two men that summer to burn the store, barn, and home of Col. W.L. Bryan, United States Commissioner, who had evidence against them locked in his safeArthur, John Preston. A History of Watuaga County, North Carolina. Johnson City, TN: Overmountain Press, 1992, pp 153-154.. The fire was set the night of the Fourth of July, with the arsonists paid ten gallons of whiskey and ten dollars cash, respectively."The Wagner Trial," Watauga Democrat, 19 March 1896, p. 3. To avoid suspicion, the brothers made sure they were in East Tennessee at the time. When their trial resumed in October, one of the jurors took ill and was withdrawn, triggering a mistrial.Statesville Record and Landmark, 29 October 1895, p. 7. :In March of 1896, Lloyd, Tice, Judd, and Mack were arrested (again) for the arson attack, the papers noting that "Mack was already in jail for other offenses". Reports describe how "Boone and vicinity have been stirred with unusual excitement over the arrest[s]", and state that "While the trial was in progress the court house was filled to its utmost capacity, which is thought to be by far the largest crowd ever assembled at a preliminary trial in our town". Each of the brothers were found guilty and sentenced to 10 years of hard labor. After serving two and half years, they were pardoned by Governor Russell. One of the arsonists signed an affidavit saying he had lied during the trial; in addition there was a "large petition sent up from [Watauga] county in their favor, and... their good behavior while in prision [sic] had a good deal to do with their getting pardoned." Upon returning home Mack told a reporter that he was going to Virginia to work on the railroad. He and a companion walked and thumbed their way from North Carolina. To make money they pitched hay, and slept inside hollowed-out hay barrels when the weather was bad. :In 1900, Mack was living in Mercer County, West Virginia as boarder and working at a stave mill. He married his second cousin, Zenobia Wagner, in 1902. The couple had seven children together: * Emma Mae Wagner, born December 22,1903 in Vivian, West Virginia * Marylene Eutrace Wanger, born June 17, 1906 * Horace MacDonald Wagner, born September 28, 1909"West Virginia Deaths, 1804-1999," database, FamilySearch (https://familysearch.org/ark:/61903/1:1:NM1V-2Q9 : 4 December 2014), Horace Mcdonald Wagner, 07 Jan 1944; citing Montcalm, Mercer, West Virginia, County Records, v 6 p 224, county courthouses, West Virginia; FHL microfilm 804,479. * Sally Haye Wagner, born June 6, 1912 * Jacob Fred Wagner, born September 21, 1917 * Goldie Ellen Wagner, born March 31, 1920 * Allene Ray Wagner, born January 11, 1926 :It's been said that Mack had a second family, and it's interesting to note that a daughter, Beatrice, appears once in the 1920 census and nowhere else. According to the census taker, Beatrice was born in Tennessee about 1907. All of the other Wagner children were born in either Virginia or West Virginia. Beatrice does not appear in any other records naming the siblings, including their obituaries. :For a time the family lived in Roanoke, Virginia, a railroad town, before Mack moved his family back to Montcalm. He continued as a well driller, with the Bluefield Daily Telegraph describing how he and his son made several long extensions of the water supply in Princeton in response to a building boom in 1935. :Around April 10, 1938, Mack fell in his bathtub at home and sustained internal injuries which led to his death on April 17. His funeral was held at the Montcalm Methodist Church, and he was buried in an unmarked grave in Woodlawn Memorial Park. {| style="width:calc(100% - 20px);margin-left:20px;margin-top:20px;" cellpadding="3px" |- ! colspan="4" style="border-top:1px solid lightgray;border-left:1px solid lightgray;border-right:1px solid lightgray" | 1910 Federal Census |- |colspan="4" style="border-left:1px solid lightgray;border-right:1px solid lightgray;text-align:center;" | Big Lick, Roanoke, Virginia |- | style="border:1px solid lightgray" width="25%" | Mack D. Wagner | style="border:1px solid lightgray" width="25%" | Head | style="border:1px solid lightgray" width="25%" | 37 | style="border:1px solid lightgray" width="25%" | North Carolina |- | style="border:1px solid lightgray" width="25%" | Obelia G. Wagner | style="border:1px solid lightgray" width="25%" | Wife | style="border:1px solid lightgray" width="25%" | 36 | style="border:1px solid lightgray" width="25%" | Tennessee |- | style="border:1px solid lightgray" width="25%" | Emma M. Wagner | style="border:1px solid lightgray" width="25%" | Daughter | style="border:1px solid lightgray" width="25%" | 9 | style="border:1px solid lightgray" width="25%" | Virginia |- | style="border:1px solid lightgray" width="25%" | Eutris Wagner | style="border:1px solid lightgray" width="25%" | Daughter | style="border:1px solid lightgray" width="25%" | 5 | style="border:1px solid lightgray" width="25%" | Virginia |- | style="border:1px solid lightgray" width="25%" | Jacob H. Wagner | style="border:1px solid lightgray" width="25%" | Son | style="border:1px solid lightgray" width="25%" | 1 | style="border:1px solid lightgray" width="25%" | Virginia |} {| style="width:calc(100% - 20px);margin-left:20px;margin-top:20px;" cellpadding="3px" |- ! colspan="4" style="border-top:1px solid lightgray;border-left:1px solid lightgray;border-right:1px solid lightgray" | 1920 Federal Census |- |colspan="4" style="border-left:1px solid lightgray;border-right:1px solid lightgray;text-align:center;" | Rock, Mercer, West Virginia |- | style="border:1px solid lightgray" width="25%" | Jacob M. Wagoner | style="border:1px solid lightgray" width="25%" | Head | style="border:1px solid lightgray" width="25%" | 45 | style="border:1px solid lightgray" width="25%" | North Carolina |- | style="border:1px solid lightgray" width="25%" | Venona Wagoner | style="border:1px solid lightgray" width="25%" | Wife | style="border:1px solid lightgray" width="25%" | 36 | style="border:1px solid lightgray" width="25%" | Tennessee |- | style="border:1px solid lightgray" width="25%" | Horace M. Wagoner | style="border:1px solid lightgray" width="25%" | Son | style="border:1px solid lightgray" width="25%" | 15 | style="border:1px solid lightgray" width="25%" | Virginia |- | style="border:1px solid lightgray" width="25%" | Beatrice Wagoner | style="border:1px solid lightgray" width="25%" | Daughter | style="border:1px solid lightgray" width="25%" | 13 | style="border:1px solid lightgray" width="25%" | Tennessee |- | style="border:1px solid lightgray" width="25%" | Sollie Wagoner | style="border:1px solid lightgray" width="25%" | Daughter | style="border:1px solid lightgray" width="25%" | 8 | style="border:1px solid lightgray" width="25%" | Virginia |- | style="border:1px solid lightgray" width="25%" | Jacob F. Wagoner | style="border:1px solid lightgray" width="25%" | Son | style="border:1px solid lightgray" width="25%" | 2 | style="border:1px solid lightgray" width="25%" | West Virginia |} {| style="width:calc(100% - 20px);margin-left:20px;margin-top:20px;" cellpadding="3px" |- ! colspan="4" style="border-top:1px solid lightgray;border-left:1px solid lightgray;border-right:1px solid lightgray" | 1930 Federal Census |- |colspan="4" style="border-left:1px solid lightgray;border-right:1px solid lightgray;text-align:center;" | Rock, Mercer, West Virginia |- | style="border:1px solid lightgray" width="25%" | Mack C. Wagner | style="border:1px solid lightgray" width="25%" | Head | style="border:1px solid lightgray" width="25%" | 56 | style="border:1px solid lightgray" width="25%" | North Carolina |- | style="border:1px solid lightgray" width="25%" | Zenobia Wagner | style="border:1px solid lightgray" width="25%" | Wife | style="border:1px solid lightgray" width="25%" | 45 | style="border:1px solid lightgray" width="25%" | Tennessee |- | style="border:1px solid lightgray" width="25%" | Horace Wagner | style="border:1px solid lightgray" width="25%" | Son | style="border:1px solid lightgray" width="25%" | 20 | style="border:1px solid lightgray" width="25%" | Virginia |- | style="border:1px solid lightgray" width="25%" | Sallie Wagner | style="border:1px solid lightgray" width="25%" | Daughter | style="border:1px solid lightgray" width="25%" | 18 | style="border:1px solid lightgray" width="25%" | Virginia |- | style="border:1px solid lightgray" width="25%" | Fred Wagner | style="border:1px solid lightgray" width="25%" | Son | style="border:1px solid lightgray" width="25%" | 12 | style="border:1px solid lightgray" width="25%" | West Virginia |- | style="border:1px solid lightgray" width="25%" | Goldie Wagner | style="border:1px solid lightgray" width="25%" | Daughter | style="border:1px solid lightgray" width="25%" | 10 | style="border:1px solid lightgray" width="25%" | West Virginia |- | style="border:1px solid lightgray" width="25%" | Aleen Wagner | style="border:1px solid lightgray" width="25%" | Daughter | style="border:1px solid lightgray" width="25%" | 4 | style="border:1px solid lightgray" width="25%" | West Virginia |} :Mary Zenobia Katherine Wagner
=====Generation 3===== # Mary Etta Fry # Jacob Frederick Wagner ::Born in Johnson County, Tennessee, on December 29, 1831."In Memory," Watauga Democrat, 28 March 1907, p. 2. Died February 13, 1907 in Valle Crucis, North Carolina. =====Generation 4===== :Absalom Fry and Sarah "Sallie" Hays Lloyd
:Absalom was born in Wythe County on March 16th, 1811 to Valentine Fry and Mary “Katherine” Yonce. He was the fourth of fourteen children. His parents had arrived Wythe County from North Carolina by 1810, and purchased land there in 1814 from a family member. Absalom had three older brothers at the time he was born: Jacob, Andrew, and Hiram. Absalom began his trade in wagon making in Wytheville when he was 19. He left in 1832 to settle in Giles County, where he would remain for over half a century. On September 3rd of the following year, his father Valentine passed away. Absalom’s younger brother Isaac was 14 at the time—the oldest sibling still at home. Isaac chose his mother as his legal guardian, and she was also appointed guardian of the younger siblings. By the time he turned 21, Isaac had his own household in Giles County near Absalom, likely with his wife Margaret, and was earning a living making wagons like his brother. :Absalom married Sarah Hays Lloyd on October 1st, 1834. That same year, he was appointed jailer of Giles County, and continued as Jailer Deputy Sheriff and Pearisburg Sheriff through the end of the Civil War, over thirty years in total. Giles County was considerably larger than at present, and the duties of his office were larger, including collecting taxes. In a letter to his grandson, he noted that this was during the “reign of Savage Lucas”. The Lucas’ were a family living on Doe Creek, a small branch of the New River, which, “from its obscurity and loneliness, and the character of its inhabitants, has always been avoided by civilized man.” The oldest son, Jerry (Jeremiah) was hung in the Pearisburg public square in 1814 for murdering a soldier, with whose wife he’d been having an affair. His father Randall (“Old Ran”) apparently sat under the gallows during the execution eating gingerbread. The second son, Dave, was active during Absalom’s time as Sheriff. After a life of crime, he too was hung in 1842 for murder. Absalom carried out the sentence, and “often related the incidents connected with the execution”. :After he resigned as Sheriff, Absalom attempted to collect his earnings, but the state of Virginia had passed a “Stay Law” for ten years. His total loss was a thousand dollars. Absalom represented his district in the legislature session of 1862-63. Absalom’s wife died on August 21st, 1871 at 62 years old. {| style="width:calc(100% - 20px);margin-left:20px;margin-top:20px;" cellpadding="3px" |- ! colspan="4" style="border-top:1px solid lightgray;border-left:1px solid lightgray;border-right:1px solid lightgray" | 1850 Federal Census |- |colspan="4" style="border-left:1px solid lightgray;border-right:1px solid lightgray;text-align:center;" | Giles, Virginia |- | style="border:1px solid lightgray" width="25%" | Absolam Fry | style="border:1px solid lightgray" width="25%" | 39 | style="border:1px solid lightgray" width="25%" | Waggon Maker [sic] | style="border:1px solid lightgray" width="25%" | Virginia |- | style="border:1px solid lightgray" width="25%" | Sarah Fry | style="border:1px solid lightgray" width="25%" | 41 | style="border:1px solid lightgray" width="25%" | | style="border:1px solid lightgray" width="25%" | New York |- | style="border:1px solid lightgray" width="25%" | Judgeson Fry | style="border:1px solid lightgray" width="25%" | 17 | style="border:1px solid lightgray" width="25%" | | style="border:1px solid lightgray" width="25%" | Virginia |- | style="border:1px solid lightgray" width="25%" | Mary E. | style="border:1px solid lightgray" width="25%" | 12 | style="border:1px solid lightgray" width="25%" | | style="border:1px solid lightgray" width="25%" | Virginia |- | style="border:1px solid lightgray" width="25%" | William B. | style="border:1px solid lightgray" width="25%" | 10 | style="border:1px solid lightgray" width="25%" | | style="border:1px solid lightgray" width="25%" | Virginia |- | style="border:1px solid lightgray" width="25%" | Allen S. | style="border:1px solid lightgray" width="25%" | 9 | style="border:1px solid lightgray" width="25%" | | style="border:1px solid lightgray" width="25%" | Virginia |- | style="border:1px solid lightgray" width="25%" | Ellen W. | style="border:1px solid lightgray" width="25%" | 5 | style="border:1px solid lightgray" width="25%" | | style="border:1px solid lightgray" width="25%" | Virginia |- | style="border:1px solid lightgray" width="25%" | Sarah W. | style="border:1px solid lightgray" width="25%" | 3 | style="border:1px solid lightgray" width="25%" | | style="border:1px solid lightgray" width="25%" | Virginia |- | style="border:1px solid lightgray" width="25%" | Elizabeth Loyd | style="border:1px solid lightgray" width="25%" | 29 | style="border:1px solid lightgray" width="25%" | | style="border:1px solid lightgray" width="25%" | New York |} {| style="width:calc(100% - 20px);margin-left:20px;margin-top:20px;" cellpadding="3px" |- ! colspan="4" style="border-top:1px solid lightgray;border-left:1px solid lightgray;border-right:1px solid lightgray" | 1860 Federal Census |- |colspan="4" style="border-left:1px solid lightgray;border-right:1px solid lightgray;text-align:center;" | Pearisburg, Giles, Virginia |- | style="border:1px solid lightgray" width="25%" | Absolem Fry | style="border:1px solid lightgray" width="25%" | 49 | style="border:1px solid lightgray" width="25%" | Deputy Sheriff | style="border:1px solid lightgray" width="25%" | Virginia |- | style="border:1px solid lightgray" width="25%" | Sarah Fry | style="border:1px solid lightgray" width="25%" | 51 | style="border:1px solid lightgray" width="25%" | | style="border:1px solid lightgray" width="25%" | Virginia |- | style="border:1px solid lightgray" width="25%" | Allen Fry | style="border:1px solid lightgray" width="25%" | 17 | style="border:1px solid lightgray" width="25%" | | style="border:1px solid lightgray" width="25%" | Virginia |- | style="border:1px solid lightgray" width="25%" | Ellen Fry | style="border:1px solid lightgray" width="25%" | 15 | style="border:1px solid lightgray" width="25%" | | style="border:1px solid lightgray" width="25%" | Virginia |- | style="border:1px solid lightgray" width="25%" | Sarah Fry | style="border:1px solid lightgray" width="25%" | 13 | style="border:1px solid lightgray" width="25%" | | style="border:1px solid lightgray" width="25%" | Virginia |- | style="border:1px solid lightgray" width="25%" | Andrew J. Frasier | style="border:1px solid lightgray" width="25%" | 24 | style="border:1px solid lightgray" width="25%" | Brick Mason | style="border:1px solid lightgray" width="25%" | Virginia |} {| style="width:calc(100% - 20px);margin-left:20px;margin-top:20px;" cellpadding="3px" |- ! colspan="4" style="border-top:1px solid lightgray;border-left:1px solid lightgray;border-right:1px solid lightgray" | 1870 Federal Census |- |colspan="4" style="border-left:1px solid lightgray;border-right:1px solid lightgray;text-align:center;" | Pearisburg, Giles, Virginia |- | style="border:1px solid lightgray" width="25%" | Absolom Fry | style="border:1px solid lightgray" width="25%" | 59 | style="border:1px solid lightgray" width="25%" | Wagon Maker | style="border:1px solid lightgray" width="25%" | Virginia |- | style="border:1px solid lightgray" width="25%" | Sallie Fry | style="border:1px solid lightgray" width="25%" | 60 | style="border:1px solid lightgray" width="25%" | Keeps House | style="border:1px solid lightgray" width="25%" | New York |- | style="border:1px solid lightgray" width="25%" | Missouri Fry | style="border:1px solid lightgray" width="25%" | 12 | style="border:1px solid lightgray" width="25%" | | style="border:1px solid lightgray" width="25%" | Virginia |} {| style="width:calc(100% - 20px);margin-left:20px;margin-top:20px;" cellpadding="3px" |- ! colspan="4" style="border-top:1px solid lightgray;border-left:1px solid lightgray;border-right:1px solid lightgray" | 1880 Federal Census |- |colspan="4" style="border-left:1px solid lightgray;border-right:1px solid lightgray;text-align:center;" | Pearisburg, Giles, Virginia |- | style="border:1px solid lightgray" width="25%" | Loyd Fry | style="border:1px solid lightgray" width="25%" | 59 | style="border:1px solid lightgray" width="25%" | Wagon Maker | style="border:1px solid lightgray" width="25%" | Virginia |- | style="border:1px solid lightgray" width="25%" | Sallie Fry | style="border:1px solid lightgray" width="25%" | 60 | style="border:1px solid lightgray" width="25%" | Keeps House | style="border:1px solid lightgray" width="25%" | New York |- | style="border:1px solid lightgray" width="25%" | Missouri Fry | style="border:1px solid lightgray" width="25%" | 12 | style="border:1px solid lightgray" width="25%" | | style="border:1px solid lightgray" width="25%" | Virginia |} =====Generation 5===== # Eleanor Ward # Joseph Lloyd =====Generation 6===== # Samuel Lawrence Ward # Margaret Farrand =====Generation 7===== # Lawrence Ward # Eleanor Baldwin =====Generation 8===== # Josiah Ward # Mary Allis Kitchell =====Generation 9===== # Sarah Hills # John Ward =====Generation 10===== # Phyllis Lyman # William Hills =====Generation 11===== # Richard Lyman # Sarah Osborne =====Generation 12===== :Henry Lyman
:"Henry Lyman, son of John Lyman, inherited his father's estates at Navistoke county Essex, and was living at High Ongar in 1598. He died May 4, 1605. He married (first) Elizabeth ----------, who was buried at Navistoke, April 15, 1587. He married (second) Phillis Stane or Scott, who married (second) William or Ralph Green. Children of first wife. 1. Judith, baptized November 2, buried NOvember 4, 1578. 2. Jane, baptized October 20, buried October 21, 1570. 3. Richard, was the immigrant ancestor of the American family mentioned below. 4. Henry, baptized November 19, 1581, buried March 13, 1589. 5. Agnes, baptized November 28, 1585. 6. Sarah, baptized January 18, 1587. Children of second wife: 1. Henry, baptized June 6, 1591, went to American and died without issue. 8. William, baptized March 2, 1594. 9. Phillis, baptized May 12, 1597. =====Generation 13===== :[[Lyman-87 | John Lyman]] and [[Gerard-39 | Margaret Gerard]]
:"John Lyman, gentleman, was the oldest son and heir of Henry Lyman, and also possessed land at Ovyngton, Asshe, Chylton, county Suffolk. He was living in 1546 and was a contributor toward the carrying on of the war. He married Margaret Gerard, daughter and heiress of William Gerard, of Beauchamp, county Essex." : "A long English pedigree, mounting to noble houses and royal houses, is claimed in the *Genealogy of the Lyman Family (1872)*. There are so many easily demonstrable errors in this genealogy that the present writers do not feel warranted in accepting any of it beyond the probability that the emigrant ancestor was born in the Parish of High Ongar in county Essex. The Lyman claim, for instance, is that the English Lymans held the estates of High Ongar, Navistoke (correctly Navestock), and Wethersfield in 1487 and later. On the contrary, Navestock was held by the Parish of St. Pauls' in London from about 958 to 1544 when the Crown took it, retaining possession until 1553 when it passed to the Waldegrave family who are still holding it in modern times. Westhersfield was held by two great noble families, first Nevill and then Bohun, until 1563 with the crown seized it and annexed it to the Duchy of Lancaster which held it until 1544. Nor was High Ongar a Lyman property. The Lyman Genealogy also gives incorrectly the Lambert and Umfreville pedigrees, with which families a Lyman connection is claimed on very weak and doubtful grounds." =====Generation 14===== :[[Lyman-88 | Henry Lyman]] and [[Hyde-247 | Alicia Hyde]]
:"Henry Lyman, of Navistoke and High Ongar, county Essex, gentleman, had the estates at Navistoke and Wethersfield in 1487, and was living as late as 1517. He married Alicia Hyde, daughter of Simon Hyde, of Wethersfield. =====Generation 15===== # [[Lambert-486 | Elizabeth Lambert]] # [[Lyman-89 | Thomas Lyman]] =====Generation 16===== # [[Lambert-487 | Henry Lambert]] =====Generation 17===== # [[Lambert-487 | Robert Lambert]] =====Generation 18===== # [[Umfraville-16 | Johanna de Umfraville]] # Sir William Lambert =====Generation 19===== # [[Umfraville-14 | Sir Thomas de Umfraville of Harbottle]] # [[Grey-51 | Agnes Grey]] =====Generation 20===== # [[Umfraville-13 | Sir Thomas de Umfraville of Hessle, Yorkshire, and Holmside]] # [[Roddam-1 | Joan de Roddam]] =====Generation 21===== # [[Umfraville-12 | Robert de Umfraville, Earl of Angus]] # [[Lumley-40 | Eleanor Lumley]] =====Generation 22===== # [[Comyn-22 | Lady Elisabeth Comyn]] # [[Umfraville-8 | Gilbert de Umfraville, First Earl of Angus]] =====Generation 23===== # [[Quincy-34 | Elizabeth de Quincy]] # [[Comyn-2 | Alexander Comyn, Second Earl of Buchan]] =====Generation 24===== # [[Quincy-101 | Roger de Quincy, Second Earl of Winchester]] # [Galloway-198 | Helen of Galloway]] =====Generation 25===== # [[Beaumont-89 | Margaret de Beaumont]] # [[Quincy-226 | Saer de Quincy, First Earl of Winchester]] =====Generation 26===== # [[Beaumont-82 |Robert de Beaumont, Third Earl of Leicester]] # [[Grandmesnil-11 | Petronilla de Grandmesnil]] =====Generation 27===== # [[Beaumont-83 | Robert de Beaumont, Second Earl of Leicester ]] # [[Gael-3 | Amice de Gael]] =====Generation 28===== # [[Capet-250 | Elizabeth of Vermandois, Countess of Leicester]] # [[Beaumont-29 | Robert de Beaumont, First Earl of Leicester]] =====Generation 29===== # [[Capet-160 | Hugh the Great, Count of Vermandois]] # [[Vermandois-6 | Adelaide de Vermandois]] =====Generation 30===== # [[Capet-341 | Henry I, King of the Franks]] # [[Kiev-1 | Anne of Kiev]] =====Generation 31===== # [[Capet-41 | Robert II “The Pious”, King of the Franks ]] # [[Arles-8 | Constance of Arles]] =====Generation 32===== # [[Capet-57 | Hugh Capet, King of the Franks]] # [[Poitou-14 | Adelaide of Aquitaine]] =====Generation 33===== # [[Robertian-1 | Hugh the Great, Duke of the Franks, Count of Paris ]] # [[Sachsen-29 | Hedwige of Saxony]] =====Generation 34===== == Sources ==Ascension Parish 1890 census
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Asenath Wylie Crawford (1850-1938) Letters
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Ash family U.S. - U.K. Connection
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Ashley and Kief Ancestry, compiled by RIchard Byron Ashley
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Ashley Families of Northwestern North Carolina: Descendants of Joseph & William Ashley of Surry and Ashe Co., NC - Chapter 1
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Ashley Name Study Info
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Askaremåla, Algutsboda
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Asmus-286 Sources
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Asmus-289 Sources
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Name: Douglas Luther Asmus Sr*Ancestry.com. U.S., Public Records Index, 1950-1993, Volume 1 [database on-line]. Lehi, UT, USA: Ancestry.com Operations, Inc., 2010. Entry for [https://www.ancestry.com/discoveryui-content/view/345426091:1788 Douglas L Asmus] *Ancestry.com. U.S., Public Records Index, 1950-1993, Volume 2 [database on-line]. Lehi, UT, USA: Ancestry.com Operations, Inc., 2010. Entry for [https://www.ancestry.com/discoveryui-content/view/332600696:1732 Douglas L Asmus] *Ancestry.com. U.S., Public Records Index, 1950-1993, Volume 2 [database on-line]. Lehi, UT, USA: Ancestry.com Operations, Inc., 2010. Entry for [https://www.ancestry.com/discoveryui-content/view/331945221:1732 Luther D Asmus] *Ancestry.com. U.S., Public Records Index, 1950-1993, Volume 2 [database on-line]. Lehi, UT, USA: Ancestry.com Operations, Inc., 2010. Entry for [https://www.ancestry.com/discoveryui-content/view/331968277:1732 Douglas Luther Asmus] *Ancestry.com. U.S., Phone and Address Directories, 1993-2002 [database on-line]. Provo, UT, USA: Ancestry.com Operations Inc, 2005. Entry for [https://search.ancestry.com/cgi-bin/sse.dll?indiv=1&dbid=7339&h=69953155 Douglas L Asmus] =Newspapers= ==Marriages== *Publication Date: 11/ Jul/ 1965; Publication Place: Orlando, Florida, USA; URL: https://www.newspapers.com/image/223781871/?article=a5493033-fb39-46b1-8879-e643300395ce&focus=0.14344276,0.7439816,0.26198193,0.97563255&xid=3398 *Publication Date: 8/ Aug/ 1965; Publication Place: Orlando, Florida, USA; URL: https://www.newspapers.com/image/224213622/?article=ef125951-33d1-4cb9-ab73-9ceb73e8ce38&focus=0.76086324,0.36316702,0.877772,0.4249577&xid=3398 ==Obituaries== ===Mother=== *The Miami Herald; Publication Date: 4 Dec 1999; Publication Place: Miami, Florida, United States of America; URL: https://www.newspapers.com/image/618500505/?article=0459c273-8fc7-40dc-abd8-e2f813be01ec&focus=0.64550936,0.18130529,0.7497445,0.33231393&xid=3355 =Other= ==Yearbooks== *Ancestry.com. U.S., School Yearbooks, 1900-1999 [database on-line]. Lehi, UT, USA: Ancestry.com Operations, Inc., 2010. Entry for [https://www.ancestry.com/discoveryui-content/view/422037367:1265 Douglas Asmus] *Ancestry.com. U.S., School Yearbooks, 1900-1999 [database on-line]. Lehi, UT, USA: Ancestry.com Operations, Inc., 2010. Entry for [https://www.ancestry.com/discoveryui-content/view/422036155:1265 Douglas Asmus] *Ancestry.com. U.S., School Yearbooks, 1900-1999 [database on-line]. Lehi, UT, USA: Ancestry.com Operations, Inc., 2010. Entry for [https://www.ancestry.com/discoveryui-content/view/99505837:1265 Douglas Asmus]
[Asmus M Douglas Sr]
[Douglas L Asmus Sr]
[Douglas M Asmus Sr]
Birth Date: Apr 1944
Residence Date: 2010-2020
Address: 1828 Hollow Branch Way
Residence: The Villages, Florida, USA
Postal Code: 32162
Second Residence Date: 2001-2011
Second Address: 450 NW 134th Ave Apt 104
Second Residence: Pembroke Pines, Florida, USA
Second Postal Code: 33028
Third Residence Date: 2001-2010
Third Address: 119 Poinciana Dr
Third Residence: Jupiter, Florida, USA
Third Postal Code: 33458
Fourth Residence Date: 1984-2009
Fourth Address: 355 Ne 93rd St
Fourth Residence: Miami Shores, Florida, USA
Fourth Postal Code: 33138
Aspall
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Aspinwall One Name Study, Asbjørnsen Research
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Aspinwall One Name Study Research
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Assembly in Port-Royal 18 June 1673
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Asshur
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Assington
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Assisted Immigration in Australia
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Astecnologiaseaeducação
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Asti Visarjan and associated Hindu Genealogy Records
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Astley Research
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Astronauts
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Atencio Surname
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Atheneum Prison
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Atherton Street Presbyterian - birth index
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Atherton-1576: Brick Walls
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Athey Family Images
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Atkins Family
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Atkins Family Reunion
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Scan0054.jpg
Atkinson Name Study Info
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Atlantic Canada Resources
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Atlantic Canada Team
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Atlantic_Canada_Team.jpg
Atlantic_Canada_Team-1.jpg
Attachment to Cora Littlepage Gerard
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Attakapas Post in 1769
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Attala County, Mississippi - Chisholm sources
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Home in 1840 (City, County, State): Attala, Mississippi
Free White Persons – Males – 5 thru 9: 1
Free White Persons – Males – 20 thru 29: 2
Free White Persons – Males – 60 thru 69: 1
Free White Persons – Females – 5 thru 9: 2
Free White Persons – Females – 10 thru 14: 1
Free White Persons – Females – 30 thru 39: 1
Persons Employed in Agriculture: 2
Free White Persons – Under 20: 4
Free White Persons – 20 thru 49: 3
Total Free White Persons: 8
Total All Persons – Free White, Free Colored, Slaves: 8
Year: 1840; Census Place: Attala, Mississippi; Roll: 215; Page: 17; Family History Library Film: 0014841
https://www.ancestry.com/discoveryui-content/view/1445911:8057?_phsrc=Zmn99&_phstart=successSource&gsln=Chisholm&ml_rpos=6&queryId=2d32d9733fa3d8b758e2a35b963fb434
1840 US Census Name: James Chisolm
Home in 1840 (City, County, State): Attala, Mississippi
Free White Persons – Males – Under 5: 1
Free White Persons – Males – 20 thru 29: 1
Free White Persons – Females – 15 thru 19: 1
Persons Employed in Agriculture: 1
Schools – No. of Scholars (Pri/Comm): 1
Free White Persons – Under 20: 2
Free White Persons – 20 thru 49: 1
Total Free White Persons: 3
Total All Persons – Free White, Free Colored, Slaves: 3
Year: 1840; Census Place: Attala, Mississippi; Roll: 215; Page: 17; Family History Library Film: 0014841
https://www.ancestry.com/discoveryui-content/view/1445912:8057?_phsrc=Zmn99&_phstart=successSource&gsln=Chisholm&ml_rpos=7&queryId=2d32d9733fa3d8b758e2a35b963fb434
1840 US Census Name: [John A Chisolm]
Home in 1840 (City, County, State): Attala, Mississippi
Free White Persons – Males – 5 thru 9: 1
Free White Persons – Males – 30 thru 39: 1
Free White Persons – Females – Under 5: 1
Free White Persons – Females – 20 thru 29: 1
Persons Employed in Agriculture: 1
Free White Persons – Under 20: 2
Free White Persons – 20 thru 49: 2
Total Free White Persons: 4
Total All Persons – Free White, Free Colored, Slaves: 4
Year: 1840; Census Place: Attala, Mississippi; Roll: 215; Page: 12; Family History Library Film: 0014841
https://www.ancestry.com/discoveryui-content/view/1445746:8057?_phsrc=Zmn99&_phstart=successSource&gsln=Chisholm&ml_rpos=9&queryId=2d32d9733fa3d8b758e2a35b963fb434
1850 US Census – Name: James Chism
Gender: Male. Age: 35. Birth Year: abt 1815. Birthplace: Georgia
Home in 1850: Township 14 R 9 E, Attala, Mississippi, USA
Occupation: Farmer. Industry: Agriculture
Real Estate: 300. Line Number: 20
Dwelling Number: 1294. Family Number: 1298
Household Members Age
James Chism 35. b. Georgia. Farmer
Mary Chism 22. b. Miss
William Chism 11. b. Miss
Isaac Chism 9. b. Miss
Martha Chism 8. b. Miss
Letha Chism 6. b. Miss
Lucinda Miley 6. b. Miss
Joshua Miley 3. b. Miss
Year: 1850; Census Place: Township 14 R 9 E, Attala, Mississippi; Roll: 368; Page: 177b
https://www.ancestry.com/discoveryui-content/view/3346559:8054
Attemping to sort out the various Rene Duguays and Marguerite Lebretons
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Attics of My Life
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Ättlingar till Carl och Carolina Lindström i Vassmolösa
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Attlingar_till_Carl_och_Carolina_Lindstrom_i_Vassmolosa-2.pdf
Attlingar_till_Carl_och_Carolina_Lindstrom_i_Vassmolosa-1.jpg
Attlingar_till_Carl_och_Carolina_Lindstrom_i_Vassmolosa-3.pdf
Attlingar_till_Carl_och_Carolina_Lindstrom_i_Vassmolosa.pdf
Attlingar_till_Carl_och_Carolina_Lindstrom_i_Vassmolosa-1.pdf
: I. [[Lindström-1005|Zacheus (1877-1947)]]
: II. [[Lindström-886|Ingeborg (1880-1918)]], gift Lindqvist
: – Sigrid (1882-1882)
: III. [[Lindström-1195|Bernhard (1884-1966)]]
: IV. [[Lindström-1196|Anna (1885-1945)]], gift Ljungstedt
: V. [[Lindström-1197|Hilma (1887-1956)]], kallad Gullan, gift Sjöberg
: VI. [[Lindström-1198|Gunnar (1891-1975)]]
: VII. [[Lindström-1199|Thora (1892-1946)]], gift Hedås
: VIII. [[Lindström-1006|Astrid (1897-1981)]], gift Ribrant De som levde till vuxen ålder gav upphov till åtta släktgrenar, numrerade som ovan. Understruken text är länkar. Länkarna i namnen ovan går till personernas profilsidor här i WikiTree. == Släktträff och Släktnytt == I juni 1963 ordnades en släktträff i Stockholm. Till den hade det gjorts en [https://www.wikitree.com/photo/pdf/Attlingar_till_Carl_och_Carolina_Lindstrom_i_Vassmolosa-3 grafisk ros] och ett [https://www.wikitree.com/photo/pdf/Attlingar_till_Carl_och_Carolina_Lindstrom_i_Vassmolosa-2 släktregister] över ättlingarna till Carl och Carolina i Vassmolösa. Det senare har hållits uppdaterat i "Släktnytt" som distribuerats inom släkten i flera nummer fram till och med 1982. Därigenom kan [https://www.wikitree.com/photo/pdf/Attlingar_till_Carl_och_Carolina_Lindstrom_i_Vassmolosa det senaste numret] fungera som källa att referera till (om mer officiella dokument saknas). En [https://www.wikitree.com/photo/jpg/Attlingar_till_Carl_och_Carolina_Lindstrom_i_Vassmolosa släktbild] togs också vid träffen 1963. == Länkar till sidor för de olika släktgrenarna == [[Space:Vassmol%C3%B6sa-Lindstr%C3%B6m-sl%C3%A4ktgren_II_-_Ingeborg|Släktgren II - Ingeborg]] Det är tänkt att alla åtta släktgrenarna ska få en sådan här länk. Tanken är att där visa bilder och andra dokument av intresse för just den släktgrenen.
Aubin Lambert Family Notarized Instruments
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Aubin_Lambert_Family_Notarized_Instruments-1.jpg
Aubin_Lambert_Family_Notarized_Instruments-11.pdf
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Aubrey/Awbrey's in the Armed Services
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Auburn University War Memorial
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Auchettl
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Aucoin acadie
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Auðbjörg Halldórsdóttir
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AuDNA 5 step chart
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AuDNA_5_step_chart.pdf
Audrey (nee. Wycoff) Greathouse
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Audrey Lee Crockett's Pictures
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Augathella, Murweh Shire, Queensland, Australia
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August 2023 RAWKERS
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August and Malta Anderson
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Augusta County Land Grants-Campbell
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'''Land Grants'''
'''1746 -1835'''
'''Updated: 19 Feb 2024''' |-bgcolor="#cccccc" |Record# |Creation_Date |WikiTree_ID |Grantee Surname |Given Name |Property_Description |Comments |Doc_Image |- |G001 |12 Jan 1746 | |Campbell |Charles |50 acres adjoining Robert Brown and William McGill. | |[https://lva.primo.exlibrisgroup.com/permalink/01LVA_INST/1cgm05i/alma990007324310205756 Doc Image] |- |G002 |12 Jan 1746 | |Campbell |John |400 acres on the north side of Catheys River on the Sinking Spring Branch at the head of Little Run. | |[https://lva.primo.exlibrisgroup.com/permalink/01LVA_INST/1cgm05i/alma990007325810205756 Doc Image] |- |G003 |25 Sep 1746 | |Campbell |Hugh |400 acres on a branch of the North River of Shanando called Naked Creek. | |[https://lva.primo.exlibrisgroup.com/permalink/01LVA_INST/1cgm05i/alma990007324920205756 Doc Image] |- |G004 |25 Sep 1746 | |Campbell |Hugh |400 acres on the waters of a branch of Shanando called Naked Creek. | |[https://lva.primo.exlibrisgroup.com/permalink/01LVA_INST/1cgm05i/alma990007324930205756 Doc Image] |- |G005 |5 Mar 1747 | |Campbell |Charles |100 acres on the south side of Beverley Mannor on Hammocks branch on the south side of the Land the said Charles Campbell now lives on. | |[https://lva.primo.exlibrisgroup.com/permalink/01LVA_INST/1cgm05i/alma990007324320205756 Doc Image] |- |G006 |25 Jun 1747 | |Hungate |Charles |150 acres on the south side of Goose Creek opposite to Charles Campbell land. | |[https://lva.primo.exlibrisgroup.com/permalink/01LVA_INST/1cgm05i/alma990007741690205756 Doc Image] |- |G007 |5 Apr 1748 | |Campbell |James |267 acres on the west side of Roanoak above a place on said river called Arthurs Bottom. | |[https://lva.primo.exlibrisgroup.com/permalink/01LVA_INST/1cgm05i/alma990007325210205756 Doc Image] |- |G008 |20 Sep 1748 | |Campbell |Hugh |333 acres on the north branch of Shanando. | |[https://lva.primo.exlibrisgroup.com/permalink/01LVA_INST/1cgm05i/alma990007324940205756 Doc Image] |- |G009 |12 July 1750 | |Walker |Alexander |400 acres on a branch of Catheys River joining to the land of John Campbell. | |[https://lva.primo.exlibrisgroup.com/permalink/01LVA_INST/1cgm05i/alma990008363870205756 Doc Image] |- |G010 |3 Nov 1750 | |Campbell |Esther |287 acres on a branch of Littles Creek. | |[https://lva.primo.exlibrisgroup.com/permalink/01LVA_INST/1cgm05i/alma990007324610205756 Doc Image] |- |G011 |24 Oct 1752 | |Campbell |Charles |400 acres on Goose Creek. | |[https://lva.primo.exlibrisgroup.com/permalink/01LVA_INST/1cgm05i/alma990007324330205756 Doc Image] |- |G012 |22 Aug 1753 | |Campbell |Charles |1400 acres on the north fork of the Indian River. | |[https://lva.primo.exlibrisgroup.com/permalink/01LVA_INST/1cgm05i/alma990007323450205756 Doc Image] |- |G013 |22 Aug 1753 | |Campbell |Charles |380 acres on the north fork of the Indian River a branch of Mississippi. | |[https://lva.primo.exlibrisgroup.com/permalink/01LVA_INST/1cgm05i/alma990007323460205756 Doc Image] |- |G014 |22 Aug 1753 | |Campbell |Charles |135 acres on the north side of the north fork of the Indian River a branch of Mississippi. | |[https://lva.primo.exlibrisgroup.com/permalink/01LVA_INST/1cgm05i/alma990007324350205756 Doc Image] |- |G015 |22 Aug 1753 | |Campbell |Charles |220 acres on the north branch of the Indian River. | |[https://lva.primo.exlibrisgroup.com/permalink/01LVA_INST/1cgm05i/alma990007324340205756 Doc Image] |- |G016 |22 Aug 1753 | |Campbell |Charles |300 acres on the north branch of the Indian River. | |[https://lva.primo.exlibrisgroup.com/permalink/01LVA_INST/1cgm05i/alma990007324360205756 Doc Image] |- |G017 |10 Mar 1756 | |Blayr |James |220 acres adjoining Hugh Campbell and Alexander Blayr. | |[https://lva.primo.exlibrisgroup.com/permalink/01LVA_INST/1cgm05i/alma990007248620205756 Doc Image] |- |G018 |10 Mar 1756 | |Campbell |Hugh |187 acres on the south side the North Branch of Shanando. | |[https://lva.primo.exlibrisgroup.com/permalink/01LVA_INST/1cgm05i/alma990007324950205756 Doc Image] |- |G019 |16 Aug 1756 | |Campbell |Hugh |160 acres on a branch of the North River of Shanando called Fowlers Branch between Naked Creek and the North River. | |[https://lva.primo.exlibrisgroup.com/permalink/01LVA_INST/1cgm05i/alma990007324960205756 Doc Image] |- |G020 |16 Aug 1756 | |Campbell |John |130 acres on the south river of Shanando on the lines of Beverley Manor. | |[https://lva.primo.exlibrisgroup.com/permalink/01LVA_INST/1cgm05i/alma990007325820205756 Doc Image] |- |G021 |10 Jun 1760 | |Campbell |Thomas |210 acres on the north fork of the Hunters Spring Draft. | |[https://lva.primo.exlibrisgroup.com/permalink/01LVA_INST/1cgm05i/alma990007327370205756 Doc Image] |- |G022 |11 July 1761 | |Campbell |John | Grantee(s): Campbell, John and Campbell, Samuel.;100 acres on the branch of the Great River of the Calfpasture. | |[https://lva.primo.exlibrisgroup.com/permalink/01LVA_INST/1cgm05i/alma990007326410205756 Doc Image] |- |G023 |11 July 1761 | |Campbell |Samuel | Grantee(s): Campbell, John and Campbell, Samuel.;100 acres . | |[https://lva.primo.exlibrisgroup.com/permalink/01LVA_INST/1cgm05i/alma990007327270205756 Doc Image] |- |G024 |23 May 1763 | |Magill |James |154 acres adjoining Andrew Erwins land and the land Willm. Magill and Campbell. | |[https://lva.primo.exlibrisgroup.com/permalink/01LVA_INST/1cgm05i/alma990007915240205756 Doc Image] |- |G025 |5 Jun 1765 | |Campbell, Jr |John |118 acres on a branch of the Middle River of Shanando between his own and John Campbells land. | |[https://lva.primo.exlibrisgroup.com/permalink/01LVA_INST/1cgm05i/alma990007326440205756 Doc Image] |- |G026 |6 Apr 1769 | |Gratton |John |540 acres on some small branch of the North River of Shanando between Hugh Campbells and John Harris's land. | |[https://lva.primo.exlibrisgroup.com/permalink/01LVA_INST/1cgm05i/alma990007600870205756 Doc Image] |- |G027 |12 May 1770 | |Johnston |William |230 acres on a small branch of Middle River between Campbell's and Connelly's. | |[https://lva.primo.exlibrisgroup.com/permalink/01LVA_INST/1cgm05i/alma990007778570205756 Doc Image] |- |G028 |12 May 1770 | |Campbell |Robert |55 acres on a small branch of the Middle River. | |[https://lva.primo.exlibrisgroup.com/permalink/01LVA_INST/1cgm05i/alma990007326750205756 Doc Image] |- |G029 |27 Aug 1770 | |Campbell |Robert |46 acres in the fork of James River. | |[https://lva.primo.exlibrisgroup.com/permalink/01LVA_INST/1cgm05i/alma990007326760205756 Doc Image] |- |G030 |16 Mar 1771 | |Campbell |Robert |50 acres on both sides of Halfway Creek. | |[https://lva.primo.exlibrisgroup.com/permalink/01LVA_INST/1cgm05i/alma990007326780205756 Doc Image] |- |G031 |16 Mar 1771 | |Campbell |Robert |200 acres adjoining to the line of Beverley Manor. | |[https://lva.primo.exlibrisgroup.com/permalink/01LVA_INST/1cgm05i/alma990007326770205756 Doc Image] |- |G032 |16 Mar 1771 | |Campbell |James |154 acres in the Calf Pasture. | |[https://lva.primo.exlibrisgroup.com/permalink/01LVA_INST/1cgm05i/alma990007325220205756 Doc Image] |- |G033 |1 Aug 1772 | |Campbell |George |96 acres upon Elk Creek a branch of James River. | |[https://lva.primo.exlibrisgroup.com/permalink/01LVA_INST/1cgm05i/alma990007324690205756 Doc Image] |- |G034 |1 Aug 1772 | |Campbell |George |76 acres on the south side of James River joining to his own land. | |[https://lva.primo.exlibrisgroup.com/permalink/01LVA_INST/1cgm05i/alma990007324700205756 Doc Image] |- |G035 |5 July 1774 | |Campbell |Robert |140 acres on the head of the Mary Creek. | |[https://lva.primo.exlibrisgroup.com/permalink/01LVA_INST/1cgm05i/alma990007326790205756 Doc Image] |- |G036 |5 July 1774 | |Campbell |Robert |150 acres adjoining his own land. | |[https://lva.primo.exlibrisgroup.com/permalink/01LVA_INST/1cgm05i/alma990007326800205756 Doc Image] |- |G037 |23 Dec 1779 | |Preston |William | Grantee(s): Campbell, William and Preston, William.;1946 acres. | |[https://lva.primo.exlibrisgroup.com/permalink/01LVA_INST/1cgm05i/alma990008098820205756 Doc Image] |- |G038 |23 Dec 1779 | |Preston |William | Grantee(s): Campbell, William and Preston, William.;1000 acres. | |[https://lva.primo.exlibrisgroup.com/permalink/01LVA_INST/1cgm05i/alma990008098940205756 Doc Image] |- |G039 |23 Dec 1779 | |Preston |William | Grantee(s): Campbell, Wm. and Preston, Wm.;1150 acres. | |[https://lva.primo.exlibrisgroup.com/permalink/01LVA_INST/1cgm05i/alma990008099020205756 Doc Image] |- |G040 |23 Dec 1779 | |Preston |William | Grantee(s): Campbell, William and Preston, William.;720 acres. | |[https://lva.primo.exlibrisgroup.com/permalink/01LVA_INST/1cgm05i/alma990008098810205756 Doc Image] |- |G041 |23 Dec 1779 | |Campbell |William | Grantee(s): Campbell, William and Preston, William.;720 acres on Shallow Creek a branch of the Mississippie. | |[https://lva.primo.exlibrisgroup.com/permalink/01LVA_INST/1cgm05i/alma990007327990205756 Doc Image] |- |G042 |23 Dec 1779 | |Campbell |William | Grantee(s): Campbell, William and Preston, William.;l000 acres on Shallow Creek. | |[https://lva.primo.exlibrisgroup.com/permalink/01LVA_INST/1cgm05i/alma990007328010205756 Doc Image] |- |G043 |23 Dec 1779 | |Campbell |William | Grantee(s): Campbell, William and Preston, William.;1946 acres on Woods River and Shallow Creek a branch of the middle fork of Indian River at a place called the Saplin Grove. | |[https://lva.primo.exlibrisgroup.com/permalink/01LVA_INST/1cgm05i/alma990007328000205756 Doc Image] |- |G044 |23 Dec 1779 | |Campbell |Wm | Grantee(s): Campbell, Wm. and Preston, Wm.;ll5O acres on Sinking Branch on the waters of the middle branch of Indian River. | |[https://lva.primo.exlibrisgroup.com/permalink/01LVA_INST/1cgm05i/alma990007328020205756 Doc Image] |- |G045 |1 Sep 1780 | |Campbell |Thomas |150 acres on the hickory level on the north side of Seneca Creek a branch of the north fork of the south branch of Potowmack. | |[https://lva.primo.exlibrisgroup.com/permalink/01LVA_INST/1cgm05i/alma990007327380205756 Doc Image] |- |G046 |1 Feb 1781 | |Campbell |John |250 acres on some drafts of the Middle River. | |[https://lva.primo.exlibrisgroup.com/permalink/01LVA_INST/1cgm05i/alma990007325830205756 Doc Image] |- |G047 |5 July 1784 | |Adair |John |100 acres adjoining Robt. Campbell and crossing a branch of the Middle River. | |[https://lva.primo.exlibrisgroup.com/permalink/01LVA_INST/1cgm05i/alma990007145130205756 Doc Image] |- |G048 |28 July 1789 | |Hay |William |196 acres adjoining John Wilson, Rusks and Robert Campbells lands and between them and the mountain. | |[https://lva.primo.exlibrisgroup.com/permalink/01LVA_INST/1cgm05i/alma990007673160205756 Doc Image] |- |G049 |2 Jun 1790 | |Burket |Frederick |22 acres on the waters of the Middle River between Robt. Cockran's, Wm. Johnston's and Robt. Campbell's land. | |[https://lva.primo.exlibrisgroup.com/permalink/01LVA_INST/1cgm05i/alma990007302540205756 Doc Image] |- |G050 |5 Dec 1794 | |Campbell |James |30 acres on the north side of Jenning's Branch. | |[https://lva.primo.exlibrisgroup.com/permalink/01LVA_INST/1cgm05i/alma990007325230205756 Doc Image] |- |G051 |22 Mar 1796 | |Campbell |Robert |270 acres on a small branch of the Middle River of Shenandoah. | |[https://lva.primo.exlibrisgroup.com/permalink/01LVA_INST/1cgm05i/alma990007326810205756 Doc Image] |- |G052 |23 Mar 1796 | |Campbell |John |328 acres on a head branch of Littles Run a branch of the Middle River of Shenandoah. | |[https://lva.primo.exlibrisgroup.com/permalink/01LVA_INST/1cgm05i/alma990007325840205756 Doc Image] |- |G053 |22 Dec 1803 | |Campbell |Robert |118 acres on the waters of Littles Run a branch of the Middle River. | |[https://lva.primo.exlibrisgroup.com/permalink/01LVA_INST/1cgm05i/alma990007326820205756 Doc Image] |- |G054 |26 Dec 1803 | |Campbell |Robert |127 acres on Littles Run a branch of the Middle River. | |[https://lva.primo.exlibrisgroup.com/permalink/01LVA_INST/1cgm05i/alma990007326830205756 Doc Image] |- |G055 |10 Feb 1810 | |Campbell, Sr |Robert |60 acres on the waters of the North River joining the lands of Campbell and others. | |[https://lva.primo.exlibrisgroup.com/permalink/01LVA_INST/1cgm05i/alma990007327220205756 Doc Image] |- |G056 |12 Sep 1835 | |Campbell |James | Grantee(s): Campbell, James and Sellers, Isaac.;27.2 on waters of Naked Creek. | |[https://lva.primo.exlibrisgroup.com/permalink/01LVA_INST/1cgm05i/alma990007325590205756 Doc Image] |- |G057 |12 Sep 1835 | |Sellers |Isaac | Grantee(s): Campbell, James and Sellers, Isaac .;27.2 acres. | |[https://lva.primo.exlibrisgroup.com/permalink/01LVA_INST/1cgm05i/alma990008189310205756 Doc Image] |- |G058 |12 Sep 1835 | |Campbell |James |7..1..27 on waters of Naked Creek. | |[https://lva.primo.exlibrisgroup.com/permalink/01LVA_INST/1cgm05i/alma990007325240205756 Doc Image] |}
==Source==
Augustin Tremblay Tanuguy page
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Augustin_Tremblay_Tanuguy_page.pdf
Augustine Hunnicutt
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Hunnicutt-97-1.jpg
Augustus Oakley Deacon (1819-1899)
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Aulmann genealogy
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Aunt Charity, enslaved by Archibald Graham McIlwaine
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Aunt Hannah and Uncle Peter, enslaved by Archibald Graham McIlwaine
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Aunt Harriet
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Saved: 11 May 2017
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Aunt Jean's data box
Inbound links: 71
Stars: 🟊🟊🟊🟊🟊 269 views
Saved: 3 Jul 2016
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Aunt Jean's Yummies
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Stars: 🟊🟊🟊🟊🟊 389 views
Saved: 15 Jul 2014
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Project:
Aunt_Jean_s_Yummies-1.jpg
Aunt_Jean_s_Yummies.jpg
Aunt_Jean_s_Yummies-2.jpg
Aunt June's Journal
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Project:
Scott-515.jpg
Deming-1385-2.jpg
Newton-94.jpg
Cunningham-7187.jpg
Lake-1938.jpg
Wisehart-2.jpg
Lake-2007.jpg
Lake-2343.jpg
Lake-1935.jpg
Lake-1936.jpg
Bedell-380-1.jpg
Bedell-380.jpg
Lake-1939.jpg
Lake-1211-3.jpg
Warden-628.jpg
Scott-17151-1.jpg
Scott-20804.jpg
Deming-607.jpg
Deming-607-1.jpg
Deming-624.jpg
Eaton-5041.jpg
Cain-415-2.jpg
Lake-1941.jpg
Wisehart-2-1.jpg
Aunt_June_s_Journal.jpg
Cunningham-7362.jpg
Cunningham-7181.jpg
Cunningham-7480.jpg
Cunningham-6969.jpg
Lake-1211-1.jpg
Lake-1777-2.jpg
Scott-20807.jpg
Lake-2010.jpg
Cunningham-7186.jpg
Lake-1933.jpg
Lake-1937-1.jpg
1) Joseph and Epheline Lake wt
2) Joseph and Epheline’s Children wt
3) Epheline’s siblings wt
4) Epheline Bedell Lake Warden wt
5) Epheline’s Children wt
6) Florentine Lake wt
7) Florentine Lake wt
8) Florentine Lake wt
9) Henry Wisehart and Nancy Mauk wt
10) Joseph Scott and Mary Cain wt
11) Joe & Mary Scott Children wt
12) Joe & Mary Scott Children wt
13) James Scott and Mary Polly Wisehart and Mahulda Newton wt
14) James Scott & Mary / Mahulda Children wt
15) James Scott & Mary / Mahulda Children wt
16) James Scott & Mary / Mahulda Children wt
17) James Scott & Mary / Mahulda Children wt
18) Delilah Scott Lake wt
19) Delilah Scott Lake wt
20) Delilah Scott Lake wt
21) Delilah Scott Lake’s Children wt
22) Joseph Henry Lake wt
23) Joseph Henry Lake’s Children wt
24) Mary Francis Lake Winterfield, Harrison S. Lake wt
25) Nancy Epheline Lake Miller wt
26) Nancy (con’t), John Walter Lake wt
27) James Scott Lake and Flora Adell (Della) Cunningham wt
28) James and Adell’s children - Floyd wt
29) James and Adell’s children – June wt
30) Elsie June Lake Neuenfeldt’s Children wt
31) James and Adell’s children – Charlie James Lake wt
32) James and Adell’s children – Esther Dougan wt
33) William Thomas Lake wt
34) Cornelius Brown Lake wt
35) Neal (con’t) and Charles Augustus Lake wt
36) Nellie Estelle Lake Winterfield wt
37) Nellie Estelle Lake Winterfield’s Children wt
38)
39) Etta Cunningham Whaley (Della’s sister) wt
40) Etta’s Children wt
41) Etta’s Children wt
42) Kittie Luemina C. Hife (Della’s sister) wt
43) Kittie’s Children wt
44) George Cecil Hife wt
45) Willie Hugh Cunningham (Della’s brother) wt
46) Frank Martin Lake and Nell Pauline Corliss (June’s cousin) wt
47) Frank & Nell’s Children wt
48) Frank & Nell’s grandchildren; Wallace & Mirza Joseph
49) Frank & Nell’s grandchildren; Gene
50) Frank & Nell’s grandchildren; Mirza Joe
51) Marriages, mostly deceased
52) Marriages, mostly living
53) Epheline Bedell Lake Warden 1811-1894 wt
54) Hugh Cunningham and Sarah wt
55) Hugh & Sarah’s 15 Children wt
56) Mr. & Mrs daughter, Amanda and Albert Deming wt
57) Catherine Amanda Deming wt
58) Albert Deming and Amanda Phelps wt
59) Albert & Amanda’s 9 Children wt
60) Catherine Amanda Deming Cunningham’s Children
61) Catherine Amanda Deming Cunningham’s Children
62) Julia Deming and Austin Dunbar
63) Emma Deming and George De Forest
64) Flora Deming and Aurelia Deming
65) Joseph Eaton; d:1825 wt
66) Barnet Cunningham and Mary Eaton wt
67) Barnet & Mary’s 11 Children wt
68) Barnet & Mary’s 11 Children wt
69) Hugh Cunningham and Catherine Amanda Deming wt
70) Hugh Cunningham and Catherine Amanda Deming wt
71) Joseph Cunningham, son of Barnet & Mary
72) Six Children
73) Lydia Ann Cunningham and four Children
74) Lydia Ann Cunningham Gandy
75) Children of James Cunningham and Jane Locker
76) 2nd son of James and Jane
77) Friends of the Family
Aurora, Lawrence County, Missouri
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Aurora_Lawrence_County_Missouri.jpg
AURORA II, ARRIVED 10 AUG 1851
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Ausdale, Latheron, Caithness, 1851 Census
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https://www.ancestry.com/family-tree/person/tree/117643081/person/312000970438/facts
Parish Number 38 Civil parish Latheron
Phillimore Ecclesiastical Parish Maps 11553
County Caithness Address Ausdale
ED 19 Page 1 Household schedule number 1
Line 1 Roll CSSCT1851_8
Household Members Name Age
Name James Harrey Age31
Name Helen Harrey Age35
Name Thomas Harrey Age5
Name James Harrey Age3
Name Janet Harrey Age2
Name Elizabeth Harrey Age3 Mo
Name Robert Mc Intosh Age20
Name Sinclair Leich Age22
Name Anne Duncan Age21
Name Jessie Sutherland Age13
Aussie to English Branson Connection
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AUSTIN, Merrill Vivian - Death Announcement - 1974
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Austin Family - Big Oval Pictures
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Austin_Family_-_Big_Oval_Pictures.jpg
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Austin_Family_-_Big_Oval_Pictures-1.jpg
Austin Family of Campbell County, Virginia
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Project:
Austin Project (origin)
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Austin Residences
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Austin_Residences.jpg
Shuford_and_Edgar_Mysteries-6.jpg
Austin_Residences-1.jpg
Austin_Residences-4.jpg
Shuford_and_Edgar_Mysteries-9.jpg
Austin_Residences-6.jpg
Austin_Residences-5.jpg
Austin_Residences-3.jpg
Shuford_and_Edgar_Mysteries-4.jpg
Shuford_and_Edgar_Mysteries-7.jpg
Shuford_and_Edgar_Mysteries-13.jpg
Shuford_and_Edgar_Mysteries-10.jpg
Austin_Residences-7.jpg
Austin_Residences-2.jpg
Austin Troupsburg NY and PA
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Austin Webster Ackley Union Pacific Retirement Party with Bio
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Austin_Webster_Ackley_Union_Pacific_Retirement_Party_with_Bio-15.jpg
Austin_Webster_Ackley_Union_Pacific_Retirement_Party_with_Bio-3.jpg
Austin_Webster_Ackley_Union_Pacific_Retirement_Party_with_Bio-9.jpg
Austin_Webster_Ackley_Union_Pacific_Retirement_Party_with_Bio-6.jpg
Austin_Webster_Ackley_Union_Pacific_Retirement_Party_with_Bio-11.jpg
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Austistua Romundstad Farmhouse
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Australia, Irving Name Distribution
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Australia, Irving names study
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Australia, Shipwrecks - Trove Index Tree
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Australia, Stobo Name Study
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Australia: Convicts Team
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Australia - Health - Asbestos
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Australia - Nursing and Medical Pioneers Team
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Lucy Osburn
===Stage 2 - Nursing and Medical Pioneers from 1901 onwards=== There are the more modern day pioneers, who came after Federation. The date to consider is the date of their contribution, not their birth date. These pioneers may be linked to a service, such as the Royal Flying Doctor Service e.g. John Flynn, or have participated in an event such as WW1 or WW11 e.g. Vivian Bullwinkel, or they may have contributed as an individual to their field or to the people they care for. Some of these profiles may be already included in other categories or projects such as the ANZACs or Notables. That does not preclude them from being added to this project. If their profile is already complete they can still have a sticker/category added to their profile and their profile name added to the project page. ====Suggested names==== John Flynn
Vivian Bullwinkel
William McBride
Robyn Miller
Pat Slater
Victor Chang
Lowita O’Donoghue
Fiona Wood
Valda Wiles
==How to Join the project team== While this project may appeal more to nurses and doctors, or families of nurses and doctors, anyone is welcome to join our team. You don't need any experience other than having signed the Wikitree honour code and a willingness to join the Australia Project. All help is appeciated no matter how big or small. Whether you are a retiree with a lot of time on your hands, or a young person with an interest in history, genealogy or the contributions that the professions of Medicine and Nursing have had to the development of health care in Australia, or a health professional with only a very small amount of time to devote on an irregular basis - you are all welcome. Please send a message to the team leader or one of the Australia Project leaders and we'll get you joined up and started. ==Members== Team leader [[Fisher-26333|Melanie (Fisher) White]] ==Planning and Tasks== Definition of pioneer for this project
List of guidelines for what to include in a profile
List of existing profiles that just need a sticker added to their profile
List of profiles to create
===Resources and Links=== [https://www.nma.gov.au/defining-moments/resources/first-public-hospital First public hospital NMA]
Australian Dictionary of Biography Occupation lists;
[https://adb.anu.edu.au/biographies/occupation/?occupation=nurse+%28general%29&rpp=200 Nurses ] 121 names
[https://adb.anu.edu.au/biographies/occupation/?occupation=midwife&rpp=200 Midwives] 111 names with some overlap
[https://adb.anu.edu.au/biographies/occupation/?occupation=nurse+educator&rpp=200 Nurse educator]
[https://adb.anu.edu.au/biographies/occupation/?occupation=army+nurse&rpp=200 Army nurse]
[https://adb.anu.edu.au/biographies/occupation/?occupation=hospital+matron+%28general%29&rpp=200 Hospital matron]
[https://adb.anu.edu.au/biographies/occupation/?occupation=general+practitioner&rpp=200 General practitioner] 230 names
[https://adb.anu.edu.au/biographies/occupation/?occupation=surgeon&rpp=200 Surgeon] 226 names
[https://adb.anu.edu.au/biographies/occupation/?occupation=pathologist&rpp=200 Pathologist] 49 names
[https://adb.anu.edu.au/biographies/occupation/?occupation=physician&rpp=200 Physician] 97 names
[https://adb.anu.edu.au/biographies/occupation/?occupation=army+medical+officer&rpp=200 Army medical officer] 237 names
[http://www.medicalpioneers.com/sources.htm The Australian Medical Pioneers Index]
[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_nursing_history_in_Australia_and_New_Zealand Timeline of nursing history in Australia and New Zealand]
[https://www.acnp.org.au/history History of Nurse Practitioners]
[https://www.mja.com.au/journal/2014/201/1/medicine-colonial-australia-1788-1900 Medicine in colonial Australia, 1788-1900]
===Where to join in discussions, ask questions and seek help=== There are two avenues of discussion - the Australia Project Google Group for discussions through email, and Discord for real time chat. If you don't already belong to these, please ask.
Australia Military History
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Australia Military Ranks and Abbreviations
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- [[Space:Military Ranks and Abbreviations|← Military Ranks and Abbreviations]]
Aircraftwoman || AC
ACW |- | E-3 || Leading Aircraftman
Leading Aircraftwoman ||LAC
LACW |- | E-4 || — || — |- align="center" style="background-color:#C6C6D3;" |colspan="3" | '''Non-Commissioned Officers''' |- | E-5 || Corporal || CPL |- | E-6 || Sergeant || SGT |- | E-7 || — || — |- | E-8 || First Sergeant || FSGT |- align="center" style="background-color:#C6C6D3;" |colspan="3" | '''Warrant Officers''' |- | E-9 || Warrant Officer || WOFF |- |E-10 (Special) ||Warrant Officer of the Air Force ||WOFF-AF |- align="center" style="background-color:#C6C6D3;" |colspan="3" | '''Junior Officers''' |- | — || Officer Cadet || OFFCDT |- | O-1 || Pilot Officer || PLTOFF |- | O-2 || Flying Officer || FLGOFF |- | O-3 || Flight Lieutenant || FLTLT |- align="center" style="background-color:#C6C6D3;" |colspan="3" | '''Senior Officers''' |- | O-4 || Squadron Leader|| SQNLDR |- | O-5 || Wing Commander || WGCDR |- | O-6 || Group Captain || GPCAPT |- align="center" style="background-color:#C6C6D3;" |colspan="3" | '''Senior Officers''' |- | O-7 || Air Commodore || AIRCDRE |- | O-8 || Air Vice-Marshal || AVM |- | O-9 || Air Marshal || AIRMSHL |- | O-10 || Air Chief Marshal || ACM |- | Special || Marshal of the RAAF || MRAAF |} ==Army== {| border="3" width="100%" |- align="center" style="background-color:#8D8EA8;" |'''Grade''' || '''Abbreviation''' || '''Title''' |- align="center" style="background-color:#C6C6D3;" |colspan="3" | '''Private Soldier''' |- | E-0 || Recruit || REC |- | E-1 (E-2) || Private || PTE |- | E-3 || Private Proficient || PTE(P) |- align="center" style="background-color:#C6C6D3;" |colspan="3" | '''Junior Non-Commissioned Officers''' |- | E-4 || Lance Corporal
Lance Bombardier|| LCPL
LBDR |- | E-5 || Corporal
Bombardier|| CPL
BDR |- align="center" style="background-color:#C6C6D3;" |colspan="3" | '''Senior Non-Commissioned Officers''' |- | E-6 || Sergeant || SGT |- | E-7 || Staff Sergeant || SSGT |- align="center" style="background-color:#C6C6D3;" |colspan="3" | '''Warrant Officers''' |- | E-8 || Warrant Officer Class Two || WO2 |- | E-9 || Warrant Officer Class One|| WO1 |- |E-10 ||Warrant Officer{{Red|*}} ||WO |- align="center" style="background-color:#C6C6D3;" |colspan="3" | '''Officer Trainees''' |- | — || Officer Cadet || OCDT |- | — || Staff Cadet || SCDT |- align="center" style="background-color:#C6C6D3;" |colspan="3" | '''Company Grade Officers''' |- | O-1 || Second Lieutenant || 2LT |- | O-2 || Lieitenant || LT |- | O-3 || Captain || CAPT |- align="center" style="background-color:#C6C6D3;" |colspan="3" | '''Field Grade Officers''' |- | O-4 || Major|| MAJ |- | O-5 || Lieutenant Colonel || LTCOL |- align="center" style="background-color:#C6C6D3;" |colspan="3" | '''Senior Officers''' |- | O-6 || Colonel || COL |- | O-7 || Brigadier || BRIG |- align="center" style="background-color:#C6C6D3;" |colspan="3" | '''General Officers''' |- | ''(until 1922)'' || Brigadier General || BRIGGEN |- | O-8 || Major General || MAJGEN |- | O-9 || Lieutenant General{{Red|†}} || LTGEN |- | O-10 || General{{Red|‡}} || GEN |- | O-11 || Field Marshal{{Red|Δ}} || FM |- | — || Deputy Chief of Army || DCA |- | — || Chief of Army || CA |- |colspan="3" | {{Red|*}} ''The soldier appointed Regimental Sergeant Major of the Army (RSM-A) is the only holder of the Army's warrant officer rank.''
{{Red|†}} ''Held by Chief of Army (CS) and, when Army officers are appointed to the Joint positions, Vice Chief of the Defence Force (VCDF), Chief of Joint Operations (CJOPS) and Chief of Capability Development (CCDG).''
{{Red|‡}} ''Since the end of the Second World War, this rank has only been held when an Army officer is appointed as Chief of the Defence Force (CDF).''
{{Red|Δ}} ''This rank is generally reserved for wartime and ceremonial purposes; there are no regular appointments to the rank.'' |} ==Navy== {| border="3" width="100%" |- align="center" style="background-color:#8D8EA8;" |'''Grade''' || '''Abbreviation''' || '''Title''' |- align="center" style="background-color:#C6C6D3;" |colspan="3" | '''Enlisted''' |- | E-2 || Seaman || SMN |- | E-3 || Able Seaman || AB |- | E-4 || — || — |- | E-5 || Leading Seaman|| LS |- | E-6 || Petty Officer|| PO |- | E-7 || — || — |- | E-8 || Chief Petty Officer || CPO |- align="center" style="background-color:#C6C6D3;" |colspan="3" | '''Warrant Officers''' |- | E-9 || Warrant Officer || WO |- |E-10 (Special) ||Warrant Officer of the Navy ||WO-N |- align="center" style="background-color:#C6C6D3;" |colspan="3" | '''Commissioned Officers''' |- | S-1 || Midshipman || MIDN |- | O-1 || Acting Sub Lieutenant || ASLT |- | O-2 || Sub Lieutenant || SBLT |- | O-3 || Lieutenant || LEUT |- | O-4 || Lieutenant Commander || LCDR |- | O-5 || Commander || CMDR |- | O-6 || Captain || CAPT |- | O-7 || Commodore || CDRE |- | O-8 || Rear Admiral || RADM |- | O-9 || Vice Admiral || VADM |- | O-10 || Admiral || ADML |- | O-11 || Admiral of the Fleet{{Red|*}} || AF |- |colspan="3"|{{Red|*}}''The O-11 position in the navy is honorary and has only ever been held by royalty.'' |}
Australia Possible Notables To Be Created
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Australia Project Citation Examples
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Australia Reefs to Rainforests
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Australia Tag
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Last '''Names,''' and The '''G2G''' Activity, and the '''Free-Space''' Genealogy Pages ::[https://www.wikitree.com/genealogy/Australia Australia] = this is now a ''bad'' one: because [https://www.wikitree.com/g2g/1610885/can-this-profile-be-advised-please-hide - ? Can this profile be advised - please hide] - and - [https://www.wikitree.com/g2g/tag/Australia Recent questions tagged Australia] :Australia_ - [https://www.wikitree.com/genealogy/Australia_ AUSTRALIA'''_''' Genealogy] :Australia_Tag - [https://www.wikitree.com/index.php?title=Space:Australia_Tag ''(this page 18 Dec 20'''23''')''] :Australia_Project - [https://www.wikitree.com/wiki/Project:Australia#Welcome_to_the_Australia_Project Welcome] | [https://www.wikitree.com/genealogy/Australia_Project AUSTRALIA_PROJECT Genealogy] :Australian Convicts - [https://www.wikitree.com/genealogy/AUSTRALIAN_CONVICTS Australian Convicts Genealogy] :Aborigines - [https://www.wikitree.com/genealogy/Aborigines Aborigines Genealogy] :Indigenous Australians - [https://www.wikitree.com/genealogy/INDIGENOUS_AUSTRALIANS Indigenous Australians Genealogy] | [https://www.wikitree.com/wiki/Space:Indigenous_Australians_Resource_Page Resource Page] :::[https://www.wikitree.com/wiki/Project:Indigenous_Australians Project: Indigenous Australians] :::[[Tindale-107|Norman Barnett Tindale AO (1900-1993)]] :::[[Space:Carrolup_Collection_-_Art_Tree|Carrolup Collection - Art Tree]] :ANZAC - [https://www.wikitree.com/genealogy/ANZAC ANZAC Genealogy] :ANZACs - [https://www.wikitree.com/genealogy/ANZACs ANZAC'''S''' Genealogy] :ANZAC Template s - [https://www.wikitree.com/wiki/Template:ANZAC#Examples Template:ANZAC] :Western Australia - [https://www.wikitree.com/genealogy/WESTERN_AUSTRALIA Western Australia Genealogy] | ''G2G'' [https://www.wikitree.com/g2g/tag/western_australia Western Australia] - and so on.
Australian Alps Fly-thru
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Australian Army Generals
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Australian Army WWII Badge
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Australian convicts
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Australian Convicts
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Australian Convicts and First Settlers
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Australian Convicts FTDNA Project Member Interests
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Australian Folklore - Index Tree
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*[[space:Australian Folklore 14 - War Tree|Classic Australian Folklore 14 - ''Legends of War'' Tree]] Title : [https://trove.nla.gov.au/work/17513019?q&versionId=20537589 An anthology of classic Australian folklore] : two centuries of tales, epics, ballads, myths & legends / compiled by A.K. Macdougall. Also Titled : Classic Australian folklore Other Authors : Macdougall, A.K., 1943– Contents Aboriginal myths and legends
Ships and seafarers
Convicts and colonists
Bushrangers
The squatters
The gold rush
Bush living
The overlanders
Sheep and shearing
Into the unknown
Bush ballads
The Australian slanguage
Conflict and strife
14 '''Legends of war'''
Up and away: legends of the air
Good sports
Tall tales : and true.
Notes : Bibliography: p. 414.
Australian Folklore 14 - War Tree
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[https://www.awm.gov.au/collection/C1194959 Group portrait of the 11th Battalion, 3rd Brigade, AIF. ''10 January 1915 '' (p.350) ''AWM'' ]
The Great Pyramid of Khufu (Cheops) near Mena camp. *[[Lambert-9962|'''George Washington Thomas Lambert''' (1873 - 1930)]]
[[Space:George_Lambert_-_Art_Tree|George Lambert - Art Tree ''works'' ]] [https://www.awm.gov.au/collection/C172139 ART02873 . 1920-1922 ] | '''Anzac,''' the landing '''1915''' | [[space:Australian Folklore 14 - War Tree|''p. 357'' ]] |
[https://www.awm.gov.au/collection/C172140 ART07965 . 1924 ] |
The charge of the 3rd Light Horse Brigade at the '''Nek,''' 7 August '''1915''' | ''p. 361'' |
[https://www.awm.gov.au/collection/C172150 ART02811 . 1920 ] | The Charge of the Australian Light Horse at '''Beersheba,''' '''1917''' | ''p. 366'' |
:The First AIF | ''p. 352'' | ''AWM photo '' |
[https://www.awm.gov.au/collection/C1005701 A03351 . 1914-1918 ] | Australian Infantryman in full uniform and kit, holding a '''.303''' rifle
:Gallipoli: The Fatal Shore | ''p. 356'' | ''AWM photo '' |
[https://www.awm.gov.au/collection/C57130 G00635 . 17-18 December 1915 ] | A 'charge' of Australians at Anzac |
Australian Frontier Wars
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Australian Memorial to George Phillips
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Australian Military Cross Citation, W.W.II - Henry Gordon Fyffe
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Australian Roll of Honour
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Australian Schafferius Clan
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Australian Suffragettes
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Australian suffragettes
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Australian Windmills
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Australian Women's Land Army
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Australia's Christian Heritage
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—a heritage that has been painstakingly established by many
Godly men and women, and passed on to our present Australian generations'''
== Australia's Christian Heritage == Many of Australia’s founding fathers (and mothers)—officials, settlers, explorers, clergy and missionaries, pioneers, entrepreneurs and philanthropists, soldiers, and convicts—were indeed men and women of God whose contributions have directed the course upon which the nation has sailed. They wore their faith on their sleeves or, put another way, took up their cross daily for all to see. When one speaks of our nation’s Christian heritage they are really addressing that total cultural heritage which has affected even those citizens who do not personally know Christ Jesus as their Lord. Deliberately omitted from the following section are two groups of Godly men and women who otherwise deserve to be included. The first group are those yet walking their pilgrimage. To discuss their ministry and life as decisively contributing to Australia’s Christian heritage may puff them up and/or cause them to stumble, either of which this author is not prepared to risk. The second are those who left as an inheritance to future generations solely what they planted internally in their local churches or Christian organisations. For the purpose of identifying those Christian heritage builders in their eras, we consider the following time divisions: === Dreamtime === Just because Aboriginal culture, as indeed with any culture, has failed to erect altars for offering sacrifices or build places of worship does not mean that there has been no religion or attention to a Divine Being. That various Aboriginal lore involved worship of the Great Spirit, and His Son, indicates that migration happened from the Indian sub-continent well after the Apostle Thomas took the Gospel to that region. One such legend says that the Son, Biggaroo—who was always fighting with the evil carpet snake—told the people: "To me you shall come, for the Great Father Spirit gave me the power to heal you, body, mind, and soul." Unfortunately, whatever memory of God existed in folklore has been corrupted and the culture resorted to a degree of animism. Any movement of people groups in a dynamic world is naturally going to incur change. Adding a new generation at the bottom end causes change! It has been said that the coming of Europeans has been detrimental to Aboriginal culture and religion. The purpose of this section is not to debate whether change has been detrimental or not. What is inexcusable is the mistreatment (stemming from the evolutionary, racist concept that darker skinned people are not fully human) and inequality (it was not until 1967 that Aboriginals were counted as full Australians; being counted as such on censuses and included in compulsory voting—Aboriginals had been granted freedom to vote voluntarily since Federation, providing their respective State authorised such) that has been proffered fellow descendants of Adam and Noah by ungodly European settlers. Mistreatment of indigenous Australians was not the intent of those in command of the first settlement. Phillip commanded, as early as Sunday 27th January 1788 that [indigenous peoples] were not to be offended or molested in any way, and that they were to be treated respectfully upon all contact. On no account were they to be fired upon. (Cobley, Sydney Cove 1788 Volume 1, p38) Believers in the Lord Jesus Christ (this, unfortunately, does not equate with some who have gone in the name of the Church) have been at the forefront of treating indigenous Australians compassionately and fairly, and granting equal opportunity to participate responsibly in the 'global village'—wherein no culture is 'free' to abstain or withdraw. === Penal settlements & refugee havens === British settlement of the continent now known as Australia from 1788 (it could have been any of several European colonising nations) naturally brought those who would establish communities of British Christians, i.e., British-style churches. It was an era in which almost all the population associated with one particular denomination as the official church in Britain—the Church of England or, as it is today known, the Anglican Church—whether or not they believed in Jesus Christ and whether or not they desired to live god-honouring lives. It was the church, not the government, who registered couples marrying, for parents to have their new-born children christened, and for people to be buried. Indeed, [[Johnson-72223|Richard Johnson]] officiated at the first Christian christening on Australian soil on 3rd February, and the first wedding on 10th February (the first burial, at least in New South Wales, that of [[Sutherland-6888|Forby Sutherland]], was officiated at by [[Cook-4419|Lieutenant James Cook RN]] on 2nd May 1770 at Botany Bay). Others, from other denominations and faiths, would soon come to the colonies—many as a result of persecution, such as the Irish Catholics, English Dissenters (Methodists), Non-conformists (Congregationalists), and Lutherans (as the Prussian government increasingly controlled the church). By the early 1820s the vast colony of New South Wales comprised many far-flung settlements, from the Hunter (Newcastle) and Moreton Bay (Brisbane) in the north to Van Diemen’s Land (Tasmania) in the south, Norfolk Island in the east and Bathurst in the west. That was the time that the era of land exploration and settling really commenced. With this agricultural expansion came rapid commercial and religious growth. And the arrival of convicts continued unabated. So too did the separation from New South Wales into colonies directly answerable to England of Van Dieman's Land / Tasmania (settled from 1803, independent from 1824 and self-governing from 1851), New Zealand (a separate British colony from 1841), Victoria (permanently settled from 1834 after several short-lived attempts and self-governing from 1851), and Queensland (settled from 1824 and self-governing from 1859). NSW itself received responsible government in 1855. South Australia was founded separately to any of the earlier colonies in 1836 and granted self-government in 1851. The Swan River Colony / Western Australia, was settled from 1829 (but did not become self-governing from Britain until 1890). {|border="2" class="wikitree sortable" style="font-size:100%;" |+ |- style="background: #DAA520;" ! scope="col" class="unsortable"|Photo ! scope="col"|name ! scope="col"|post-nominals ! scope="col"|birth-death ! scope="col"|vocation ! scope="col"|contributed through ! scope="col"|other notable facts ! scope="col"|tree |-align=center |[[Image:Johnson-72223.jpg|50px]]||[[Johnson-72223|Rev'd Richard Johnson]]||-||1753 England-1827 England||Anglican priest; Military chaplain||The First Fleet; Port Jackson Penal Colony||was the first Christian clergyman in Australia, arriving on the First Fleet; guided the spiritual life of all in the new colony and provided education to convicts and children; faithful to the word of God||- |-align=center |[[Image:Christian_Symbols.jpg|40px]]||[[Burgess-8108|Mary Johnson nee Burgess]]||-||1765 England-1831 England||wife of a Christian clergyman, [[Johnson-72223|Richard]]; pioneer||The First Fleet; Port Jackson Penal Colony||married the appointed chaplain to a penal colony to be established on the other side of the world; supported him; worked with Caucasian and Aboriginal women, and children, in the colony||- |-align=center |[[Image:Angas-5.jpg|50px]]||[[Angas-5|George Fife Angas]]||-||1789 England-1879 SA||businessman and banker||South Australia Corporation||played a significant part in the establishment of South Australia as a place "… of refuge for pious Dissenters of Great Britain, who could in their new home discharge their consciences before God in civil and religious duties"||connected |-align=center |[[Image:Bourke-361.jpg|50px]]||[[Bourke-361|LT GEN Sir Richard Bourke]]||KCB||1789 England-1879 SA||British Army officer; 8th Governor of NSW||NSW Government||encouraged the establishment of churches of all denominations; viewed basic education as paramount for all children, proposed public education with Christian education integral to the curricula||connected |-align=center |[[Image:Christian_Symbols.jpg|40px]]||[[Campbell-33607|Robert Campbell]]||-||1769 Scotland-1846 NSW||merchant; landowner||Campbell & Co.; Duntroon; NSW Legislative Council||was treasurer to the public funds, naval officer, magistrate, and collector of taxes; noted for his integrity and practical faith; promoted education and the construction of churches; Duntroon homestead is today the Officers' Mess of the Royal Military College||connected |-align=center |[[Image:Christian_Symbols.jpg|40px]]||[[Fairfax-441|John Fairfax]]||-||1804 England-1877 NSW||businessman||Sydney (Morning) Herald; Australian Library||took a leading part in the establishment and management of leading enterprises, such as the Australian Mutual Provident Society; active in the Congregational Church; and ensured the press remained conservative whilst faithful to Biblical values, music, the theatre, literature and art||connected |-align=center |[[Image:Hunter-9319.png|50px]]||[[Hunter-9319|Captain John Hunter]]||RN||1737 Scotland-1821 England||Royal Naval officer; 2nd Governor of NSW||The First Fleet; Port Jackson Penal Colony||surveyed rivers and harbours about Port Jackson; devout Presbyterian with evangelical principles; opened a further seven schools (on top of Johnson's) under the Society for the Propagation of the Gospel and the London Missionary Society||- |-align=center |[[Image:Kavel-2.jpg|50px]]||[[Kavel-2|Rev'd August Ludwig Christian Kavel]]||-||1798 Prussia-1860 SA||Lutheran pastor||Evangelical Lutheran Church||Australia’s equivalent to America’s Pilgrims was the arrival of 500 Lutherans under Kavel fleeing persecution in Prussia in 1838; English settlers, initially suspicious of the Lutherans soon admired their harmonious relationships, perseverance, and industry||connected |-align=center |[[Image:Lang-5146-2.jpg|50px]]||[[Lang-5146|Rev'd John Dunmore Lang]]||MA DD||1799 Scotland-1878 NSW||Presbyterian minister; politician; educationist; immigration organiser; anthropologist; journalist||Presbyterian Church; NSW Legislative Assembly||to grow beyond mere penal settlements, Lang sought the emigration of skilled Christian workers to the colonies to 'raise the moral tone of society'; resolute in petitioning for an end to penal transportation; Australia's first statesman||- |-align=center |[[Image:Lawson-2032.jpg|50px]]||[[Lawson-2032|William Lawson]]||-||1774 England-1850 NSW||surveyor; soldier; land owner; (Australia's first) squatter; politician; and church leader||Presbyterian Church; NSW Legislative Council||co-founded The Bible Society); helped establish churches; supported trial by jury; one of the explorers who found a route across the Blue Mountains||connected |-align=center |[[Image:Leichhardt-2.jpg|50px]]||[[Leichhardt-2|Ludwig Leichhardt]]||-||1813 Prussia-1848 Australia||explorer||NSW Government; Royal Geographical Society||lacking in bushcraft, sense of direction and use of firearms, his simple faith was apparent when he set off on his exploratory ventures across the north and centre of Australia; exemplary recognition of his scientific discoveries||- |-align=center |[[Image:Veale-305.jpg|50px]]||[[Veale-305|Elizabeth Macarthur nee Veale]]||-||1766 England-1850 NSW||devoted wife, mother and home-maker; pastoralist and sheep breeder||St John's Church, Parramatta; Elizabeth Farm||was a role model of Christian character; known for treating convicts fairly and acknowledging their emancipation; looking to the welfare and health of Aboriginal people; and conducting business with integrity||connected |-align=center |[[Image:Macquarie-27.jpg|50px]]||[[Macquarie-27|Major General Lachlan Macquarie]]||-||1762 Scotland-1824 England||senior British Army officer; 5th Governor of NSW||NSW Government; British & Foreign Bible Society (Bible Society)||noted for his humanitarian treatment of ex-convicts, and major social, economic, and architectural development in the colony; encouraged exports; his faith and vision for a strong and free Australia were inseparably intertwined||connected |-align=center |[[Image:Marsden-349.jpg|50px]]||[[Marsden-349|Rev'd Samuel Marsden]]||-||1765 England-1838 NSW||Anglican priest; Military chaplain||Port Jackson Penal Colony; Church Missionary Society||was a prominent figure in early New South Wales history, not only for his ecclesiastical offices, but also for his farming enterprises and his role as a magistrate; introduced Christianity to New Zealand||connected |-align=center |[[Image:Sturt-20.jpg|50px]]||[[Sturt-20|Charles Napier Sturt]]||-||1795 Bengal-1869 England||soldier; explorer||British Army; Royal Geographical Society||his explorations of the Murray, Darling, and Murrumbidgee Rivers opened up western NSW and South Australia; "… he was a gentleman, always kind ... inspired ... an unshakable faith in God."||connected |-align=center |}
=== Coming of Age === The second half of the nineteenth century – marked from the time of the first gold discoveries, huge immigration, colonial expansion, and wealth-production beyond wool – was a period of vastly increased growth for the church and her contribution to making Australia the country it is today. The church continued to influence the moral fabric of society, philanthropy, and education; with many of Australia’s major schools and colleges (now classified as private) established during this time, including the Scotch / Scots colleges, Grammar schools, and Presbyterian and Methodist Ladies’ Colleges. By the 1880s, social conscience resulted in the formation of inner-city ministries such as the Central Methodist Missions with their two-pronged emphases on both evangelism and social welfare. It was into this setting that the Salvation Army appeared in 1880; firstly in Adelaide and thence to every colony within eleven years. The establishment of branches of the Young Men’s Christian Association (YMCA) in the 1850’s provided physical, social, cultural and Biblical programmes for youth. The first Young Women’s Christian Association (YWCA) branch was formed in Sydney in 1880. Towards the end of the nineteenth century and early in the twentieth century, other non-denominational Christian movements aimed at evangelism amongst youth followed promptly upon their foundation in the United Kingdom, e.g., The Boys’ & Girls’ Brigades. In the new century, came the Church of England Boys’ Society and & Girls’ Friendly Society organisations, exclusive to the Anglican Church; and, although not founded as Christian organisations but often led by evangelical believers, came the Boy Scouts & Girl Guides. Missionary zeal, both internationally and amongst the Aboriginal people, grew during this time with most denominations forming official societies to organise the training and sending of missionaries, for instance, the first Baptist missionaries were sent out in 1882. The United Aboriginals Mission was formed out of the Christian Endeavour movement in 1894, initially to minister to the Aboriginal people of La Perouse, Sydney. {|border="2" class="wikitree sortable" style="font-size:100%;" |+ |- style="background: #DAA520;" ! scope="col" class="unsortable"|Photo ! scope="col"|name ! scope="col"|post-nominals ! scope="col"|birth-death ! scope="col"|vocation ! scope="col"|contributed through ! scope="col"|other notable facts ! scope="col"|tree |-align=center |[[Image:Arnott-52.jpg|50px]]||[[Arnott-52|William Arnott]]||-||1827 Scotland-1901 NSW||baker and business owner||Arnott's Biscuits||was the founder of Arnott's biscuits, as well as a philanthropist and active member of the Wesleyan church; noted for his kindness, compassion and integrity||connected |-align=center |[[Image:Chisholm-637-1.jpg|50px]]||[[Jones-24070|Caroline Chisholm nee Jones]]||-||1808 England-1877 England||philanthropist and humanitarian||Roman Catholic Church; Family Colonization Loan Society||known for her involvement with female immigrant welfare in Australia, she helped new migrants in New South Wales during the 1840s and 50s, and later in the goldfields region of Victoria||connected |-align=center |[[Image:Christian_Symbols.jpg|40px]]||[[Edgar-2232|Rev'd Alexander Robert Edgar]]||-||1850 Ireland-1914 VIC||Methodist minister||Methodist Church of Australia; Christian Endeavour||was an early Methodist missionary in Australia; instrumental in bringing Christian Endeavour to Australia; social reformer; temperance advocate; foundational superintendent of Wesley Mission, Melbourne||- |-align=center |[[Image:Forrest-899.png|50px]]||[[Forrest-399|Sir John Forrest, Baron Forrest of Bunbury]]||KCMG||1847 WA-1918 Sierra Leone||Surveyor; Commissioner of Lands WA||WA Parliament||was Western Australia's first Premier, first Federal Treasurer and first Australian to be granted a peerage||connected |-align=center |[[Image:Griffith-7175.jpg|50px]]||[[Griffith-7175|Sir Samuel Walker Griffith]]||GCMG KC||1845 Wales-1920 QLD||judge; parliamentarian||QLD Parliament; Supreme Court of QLD; chief justice of Australia||a prominent Christian, is credited with drafting the QLD Criminal Code and the federal Judiciary Act, and played a key role in the drafting of the Australian Constitution||connected |-align=center |[[Image:MacKillop_RSJ-1.jpg|50px]]||[[MacKillop-14|Maria Helen 'Mary' MacKillop, St Mary of the Cross]]||-||1842 NSW-1909 NSW||teacher; Nun||Roman Catholic Church; Sisters of St Joseph of the Sacred Heart||sought to provide education and protection to all the poor and incurably ill; the only Australian to be recognised by the Roman Catholic Church as a saint||connected |-align=center |[[Image:Playford-186.jpg|50px]]||[[Playford-186|Pastor Thomas Playford]]||-||1795 England-1873 SA||soldier; Christian pastor||The Christian Church, Adelaide||sceptical of growing religiosity of the church, and the high-sounding emptiness of much of the preaching, he set about establishing an evangelical work; the Playford dynasty are still making their mark in Australia||connected |-align=center |[[Image:Christian_Symbols.jpg|40px]]||[[Taylor-65905|Rev'd William George Taylor]]||-||1845 England-1934 NSW||Methodist minister; Military chaplain||Central Methodist Mission, Sydney; Australian military and naval forces||combined the traditional spiritual life of the Church with Christian humanitarianism, founding a mission to seamen, Dalmar Homes, and a shelter for women||- |-align=center |[[Image:Watsford-11.jpg|50px]]||[[Watsford-11|Rev'd John Watsford]]||-||1820 NSW-unknown||Methodist minister; missionary||Methodist Church of Australasia||Australia’s first native-born preacher, is best remembered as a missionary to Fiji; established outreach missions and churches throughout Australia and Pacific Islands, seeing whole communities raise their moral standard||connected |-align=center |}
=== Federation === The Federation of the six British colonies into the Commonwealth of Australia on 1st January 1901 certainly brought change, but did not necessarily immediately affect every-day life. The new Commonwealth would govern foreign issues (such as trade, immigration, customs, and defence) and inter-State matters (such as rivers and highways crossing from one State to another), whilst the States retained responsibility for their respective internal issues (such as education, health, agriculture, roads, justice, etc). The States also retained their monarchy-appointed Governors, and Parliaments. Our cities were, for the most part, yet big country towns; and to travel from Victoria to Queensland by rail required change of trains at both NSW borders as the rail gauges all differed. The States operated ‘border gates’. Even though Australia had become a new nation, most of her 3.7 million citizens still looked to the Mother Country for nurture and protection. The turn of the century, however, provided opportunity for enterprising men and women to influence a new era for Christ, and continue developing an extensive Australian Christian heritage. {|border="2" class="wikitree sortable" style="font-size:100%;" |+ |- style="background: #DAA520;" ! scope="col" class="unsortable"|Photo ! scope="col"|name ! scope="col"|post-nominals ! scope="col"|birth-death ! scope="col"|vocation ! scope="col"|contributed through ! scope="col"|other notable facts ! scope="col"|tree |-align=center |[[Image:Chauvel-8.jpg|50px]]||[[Chauvel-8|General Sir Henry George 'Harry' Chauvel]]||GCMG KCB||1865 NSW-1945 VIC||senior Australian soldier||Queensland and Australian Military Forces; Australian and Victorian War Memorials; Melbourne Legacy; Australian Red Cross; Young Men's Christian Association||through the Boer and both World Wars, he was a commander who put his men's safety and well-being first; his name is synonymous with the Australian Light Horse; a lay canon of St Paul's Cathedral, Melbourne||connected |-align=center |[[Image:Flynn-3315.jpg|50px]]||[[Flynn-3155|Rev'd Dr John Flynn]]||OBE DD||1880 VIC-1951 NSW||Presbyterian minister||Australian Inland Mission (Frontier Services); Royal Flying Doctor Service; School of the Air||ahead of his time, for the service he envisaged was to be a framework within which outback communities might 'structure and co-ordinate' their own 'canopy' of safety||connected |-align=center |[[Image:Garland-3176-1.jpg|50px]]||[[Garland-3176|Rev'd David John Garland]]||-||1864 Ireland-1939 QLD||Anglo-Catholic rector; Army Chaplain||Anglican Church; State Schools League; Soldiers Help Society||was a crusader for Christian education in schools and devoted to a non-denominational commemoration of ANZAC that could be attended by the whole of Australian society||connected |-align=center |[[Image:Hobbs-4155.jpg|50px]]||[[Hobbs-4155|LT GEN Sir Joseph John Talbot Hobbs]]||KCB KCMG VD||1864 England-1938 at sea||Architect; senior Army officer||Australian Imperial Force; Hobbs, Smith & Forbes||commanded the 1st Australian Divisional Artillery, the the 5th Australian Division; he was 'a great citizen, and a great Christian gentleman'||connected |-align=center |[[Image:McKenzie-6882.jpg|50px]]||[[McKenzie-6882|Commissioner William 'Fighting Mac' McKenzie]]||OBE MC OF||1869 Scotland-1947 NSW||Salvation Army Officer; Army Chaplain||Salvation Army; Australian Imperial Force||McKenzie saw the war as one in which Allies were fighting '... for those principles of righteousness on which the whole foundation and superstructure of our civilisation is built ...'||connected |-align=center |[[Image:Moore-50232.jpg|50px]]||[[Moore-50232|Edward Arthur Moore]]||CMG||1876 New Zealand-1963 QLD||farmer; businessman; benefactor; politician||Queensland Parliament||was the only conservative QLD premier between 1915 and 1957; led a quiet, unpretentious life maintaining long associations with key community organisations and the church||connected |-align=center |[[Image:Unaipon-1.jpg|50px]]||[[Unaipon-1|David Unaipon]]||-||1872 SA-1967 SA||preacher, author and inventor||Congregational and Anglican Churches; Aborigines' Friends' Association||he influenced government Aboriginal policy and stressed improvement: 'Look at me and you will see what the Bible can do'||connected |-align=center |[[Image:Webster-10485-1.jpg|50px]]||[[Webster-10485|David Webster]]||-||1864 QLD-1937 QLD||businessman and church leader||Webster's Biscuits; Queensland Baptists||diversified baking business into tearooms and cafés, ice works and manufacturing; was well known in business and church circles for his integrity and faith||connected |-align=center |}
===Australia in the modern era === The Second World War from 1939 to 1945, arguably more so than any other event, irretrievably changed society and its values. There is not a country in the world that has been left unaffected. The colonial era, and control by European nations was over. What the world has witnessed since that war is the ‘power shuffling’ designed to turn back the clock, alter allegiances, or in some way establish independence. The same spirit of independence is even evident within the family unit with, firstly, teenage children and more recently single-digit offspring bucking the authority of their parents. Until entrenched in our culture we failed to see that we too had become a crass commercialised, drug-fed, leisure seeking, television-watching, anti-social, irresponsible society. This belligerent attitude can be identified as the background to the generation gap, and has fed the prolific increase in adultery, de-facto relationships, divorce, abortion, homosexuality, disrespect for authority, and even child abuse. The Christian Church fought this downward direction during the immediate post-war years. Below are but a few of His disciples whose lives have influenced the nation for Him in this modern era and have contributed to the advancement of our great Christian heritage. Neither inclusion nor exclusion indicates these people have been the only ones to promote that heritage. There are many disciples of Christ alive at the time of writing this article who are adding to Australia’s Christian heritage, however, they have deliberately been omitted from the following lists. They are still creating their pilgrimage and do not need the pressure such promotion would apply to their lives ... {|border="2" class="wikitree sortable" style="font-size:100%;" |+ |- style="background: #DAA520;" ! scope="col" class="unsortable"|Photo ! scope="col"|name ! scope="col"|post-nominals ! scope="col"|birth-death ! scope="col"|vocation ! scope="col"|contributed through ! scope="col"|other notable facts ! scope="col"|tree |-align=center |[[Image:Adam-1740-2.jpg|50px]]||[[Adam-1740|Douglas James Adam]]||MBE||1916 QLD-2010 QLD||Naval officer; senior public servant||The Boys' Brigade; Queensland Baptists||QLD Father of the Year; church elder; Bible distributor||connected |-align=center |[[Image:Bjelke-Petersen-1.jpg|50px]]||[[Bjelke-Petersen-1|Sir Johannes 'Joh' Bjelke-Petersen]]||KCMG||1911 New Zealand-2005 QLD||QLD Parliament; farmer||longest-serving QLD Premier; Queensland Lutherans||noted for his uncompromising conservatism, his Biblical and moral stance||- |-align=center |[[Image:Bonner-1180.jpg|50px]]||[[Bonner-1180|Senator Neville Thomas Bonner]]||AO||1922 NSW-1999 QLD||Senator; Director||Australian Senate; One People of Australia League; Australian Broadcasting Corporation||farmer with minimal formal education; the first Indigenous Australian to be elected to the Australian Parliament by popular vote||connected |-align=center |[[Image:Burrows-2889.jpg|50px]]||[[Burrows-2889|Evangeline Evelyn 'Eva' Burrows]]||AC OF||1929 NSW-2015 VIC||Salvation Army Officer||13th General of the Salvation Army; International Bible Society||unusually capable and wise Australian, whose life has made a genuine difference for good in the world||connected |-align=center |[[Image:Christian_Symbols.jpg|40px]]||[[Busch-1117|Rev'd Rolland Arthur 'Rolly' Busch]]||AO OBE||1920 QLD-1985 NSW||Australian theologian, and Presbyterian and Uniting Church minister||Professor of Theological Studies at University of Queensland; Chaplain-General of the Australian Army||active in pursuing Aboriginal rights; advocated for church's ministry to hospitals||connected |-align=center |[[Image:Dunlop-1321.jpg|50px]]||[[Dunlop-1321|Dr Ernest Edward 'Weary' Dunlop]]||AC CMG OBE||1907 VIC-1993 VIC||Medical Doctor; Military Surgeon||Peter MacCallum Cancer Hospital, Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital, and Royal Melbourne Hospital||renowned for his leadership while a POW during the Second World War and for his interest in the health and welfare of former POWs and their families||connected |-align=center |[[Image:Nicholls-1415.gif|50px]]||[[Nicholls-1415|Sir Douglas Ralph 'Doug' Nicholls]]||KCVO OBE||1906 NSW-1988 VIC||Churches of Christ Pastor||Aborigines Advancement League of Victoria; 28th Governor of South Australia; sport||well-respected for his work with Aboriginal youth on Melbourne streets during the Second World War and his service to Aboriginal people||connected |-align=center |[[Image:Christian_Symbols.jpg|40px]]||[[Noffz-6|Rev'd Theodore Delwin 'Ted' Noffs]]||- ||1927 NSW-1995 NSW||Methodist Church / Uniting Church Minister||The Ted Noffs Foundation; Aboriginal Affairs Foundation; Lifeline; Wayside Chapel||sought to rehabilitate those who had wrecked their lives, and turn them to God also||connected |-align=center |[[Image:Christian_Symbols.jpg|40px]]||[[Ramsay-2135|MAJ GEN Sir Alan Hollick Ramsay]]||CB CBE DSO MSM ED BSc ||1895 VIC-1973 VIC||Senior Army Officer; Educator||Australian Army; Director of Education in Victoria||served in both world wars; active in the RSL and the Naval and Military Club; church elder||- |-align=center |[[Image:Christian_Symbols.jpg|40px]]||[[Stace-247|Arthur Malcolm Stace]]||- ||1885 NSW-1967 NSW||labourer; unemployed||served in the AIF in the Second World War; life of life of alcoholism and drifting||known as 'Mr Eternity' after becoming a disciple of Christ, drew people's thoughts towards their 'Eternity' wherever he could||connected |-align=center |[[Image:Christian_Symbols.jpg|40px]]||[[Wilson-65937|Dr Clifford Allan Wilson]]||PhD MA MRE BD ||1923 NSW-2012 QLD||archaeologist; educator; missionary||served in the army and navy in the Second World War; also a pastor, psychologist, public speaker, and author||his commitment to the Bible as the world’s greatest history book is firmly settled||- |-align=center |}
== Further reading == *[[Evans-20927|Evans, Kenneth]]. ''Building a Christian Heritage in Australia''. Self-published, Beaudesert QLD, 2009. *Murray, Iain H. ''Australian Christian Life from 1788''. Banner of Truth Trust, Edinburgh, 1988.
Australia's first parliament
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SELECT ?Member ?MemberLabel ?date_of_birth ?date_of_death (CONCAT("[[",?WikiTree_person_ID,"]]") AS ?wikilink) ?electoral_districtLabel WHERE { SERVICE wikibase:label { bd:serviceParam wikibase:language "[AUTO_LANGUAGE],en". } ?Member p:P39 ?s. ?s ps:P39 wd:Q18912794; pq:P580 ?start. OPTIONAL { ?Member wdt:P569 ?date_of_birth. } OPTIONAL { ?Member wdt:P570 ?date_of_death. } OPTIONAL { ?Member wdt:P2949 ?WikiTree_person_ID.} OPTIONAL { ?s pq:P768 ?electoral_district. } FILTER (?start < "1901-07-01T00:00:01+10:00"^^xsd:dateTime) } LIMIT 100
This correctly retrieved 75 names for the lower house without birth and death dates, and displays the wikitree IDs for the ones who have had it added. Once I added birth and death dates, it gets a few duplicates if Wikidata has two values from different sources. https://query.wikidata.org/#SELECT%20%3FMember%20%3FMemberLabel%20%20%3Fdate_of_birth%20%3Fdate_of_death%20%28CONCAT%28%22%5B%5B%22%2C%3FWikiTree_person_ID%2C%22%5D%5D%22%29%20AS%20%3Fwikilink%29%20%3Felectoral_districtLabel%20WHERE%20%7B%0A%20%20SERVICE%20wikibase%3Alabel%20%7B%20bd%3AserviceParam%20wikibase%3Alanguage%20%22%5BAUTO_LANGUAGE%5D%2Cen%22.%20%7D%0A%20%20%3FMember%20p%3AP39%20%3Fs.%0A%20%20%3Fs%20ps%3AP39%20wd%3AQ18912794%3B%0A%20%20%20%20pq%3AP580%20%3Fstart.%0A%20%20OPTIONAL%20%7B%20%3FMember%20wdt%3AP569%20%3Fdate_of_birth.%20%7D%0A%20%20OPTIONAL%20%7B%20%3FMember%20wdt%3AP570%20%3Fdate_of_death.%20%7D%0A%20%20OPTIONAL%20%7B%20%3FMember%20wdt%3AP2949%20%3FWikiTree_person_ID.%7D%0A%20%20OPTIONAL%20%7B%20%3Fs%20pq%3AP768%20%3Felectoral_district.%20%7D%0A%20%20FILTER%20%28%3Fstart%20%3C%20%221901-07-01T00%3A00%3A01%2B10%3A00%22%5E%5Exsd%3AdateTime%29%0A%7D%0ALIMIT%20100 Member | MemberLabel | date_of_birth | date_of_death | wikilink | electoral_districtLabel |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q1742060 | King O'Malley | 1858-07-02T00:00:00Z | 1953-12-20T00:00:00Z | Tasmania | |
http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q5312473 | Dugald Thomson | 1849-12-28T00:00:00Z | 1922-11-27T00:00:00Z | North Sydney | |
http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q6134119 | James Fowler | 1863-06-20T00:00:00Z | 1940-11-03T00:00:00Z | Perth | |
http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q5628078 | H. B. Higgins | 1851-06-30T00:00:00Z | 1929-01-13T00:00:00Z | Northern Melbourne | |
http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q6243236 | John Kirwan | 1869-12-02T00:00:00Z | 1949-09-09T00:00:00Z | Kalgoorlie | |
http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q6742491 | Malcolm McEacharn | 1852-02-08T00:00:00Z | 1910-03-10T00:00:00Z | Melbourne | |
http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q7345271 | Robert Harper | 1842-02-01T00:00:00Z | 1919-01-09T00:00:00Z | Mernda | |
http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q7180708 | Pharez Phillips | 1855-11-22T00:00:00Z | 1914-08-09T00:00:00Z | Wimmera | |
http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q8020373 | William Wilks | 1863-06-21T00:00:00Z | 1940-02-05T00:00:00Z | Dalley | |
http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q1708668 | Josiah Thomas | 1863-04-28T00:00:00Z | 1933-02-05T00:00:00Z | Barrier | |
http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q1811712 | Lee Batchelor | 1865-04-10T00:00:00Z | 1911-10-08T00:00:00Z | South Australia | |
http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q7787948 | Thomas Brown | 1861-10-06T00:00:00Z | 1934-03-23T00:00:00Z | Canobolas | |
http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q7789411 | Thomas Ewing | 1856-10-09T00:00:00Z | 1920-09-15T00:00:00Z | Richmond | |
http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q4798910 | Arthur Groom | 1852-11-26T00:00:00Z | 1922-03-22T00:00:00Z | Flinders | |
http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q4730850 | Allan McLean | 1840-02-03T00:00:00Z | 1911-07-13T00:00:00Z | Gippsland | |
http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q4978298 | Bruce Smith | 1851-06-28T00:00:00Z | 1937-08-14T00:00:00Z | Parkes | |
http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q5047470 | Carty Salmon | 1860-07-27T00:00:00Z | 1917-09-15T00:00:00Z | Laanecoorie | |
http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q5499094 | Frederick William Piesse | 1848-12-10T00:00:00Z | 1902-03-06T00:00:00Z | Tasmania | |
http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q6197336 | Jim Page | 1861-01-01T00:00:00Z | 1921-06-03T00:00:00Z | Maranoa | |
http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q4722476 | Alfred Conroy | 1864-04-07T00:00:00Z | 1920-11-28T00:00:00Z | Werriwa | |
http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q6142396 | James Ronald | 1861-08-27T00:00:00Z | 1941-07-27T00:00:00Z | Southern Melbourne | |
http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q6145525 | James Wilkinson | 1854-11-30T00:00:00Z | 1915-01-11T00:00:00Z | Moreton | |
http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q7324982 | Richard Crouch | 1868-06-19T00:00:00Z | 1949-04-07T00:00:00Z | Corio | |
http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q16029891 | John Chanter | 1845-02-11T00:00:00Z | 1931-03-09T00:00:00Z | Riverina | |
http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q7052039 | Norman Cameron | 1851-11-03T00:00:00Z | 1931-02-17T00:00:00Z | Tasmania | |
http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q7325458 | Richard Edwards | 1842-01-01T00:00:00Z | 1915-10-29T00:00:00Z | Oxley | |
http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q7411159 | Samuel Cooke | 1847-03-13T00:00:00Z | 1929-06-26T00:00:00Z | Wannon | |
http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q4719811 | Alexander Paterson | 1844-01-24T00:00:00Z | 1908-03-23T00:00:00Z | Capricornia | |
http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q5080808 | Charles McDonald | 1860-08-25T00:00:00Z | 1925-11-13T00:00:00Z | Kennedy | |
http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q5240865 | David Watkins | 1865-05-05T00:00:00Z | 1935-04-08T00:00:00Z | Newcastle | |
http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q5481907 | Francis McLean | 1863-01-01T00:00:00Z | 1926-04-04T00:00:00Z | Lang | |
http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q5494524 | Fred Bamford | 1849-02-11T00:00:00Z | 1934-09-10T00:00:00Z | Herbert | |
http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q4719882 | Alexander Poynton | 1853-08-08T00:00:00Z | 1935-01-09T00:00:00Z | South Australia | |
http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q5360607 | Elias Solomon | 1839-09-02T00:00:00Z | 1909-05-23T00:00:00Z | Fremantle | |
http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q7793998 | Thomas Skene | 1845-12-15T00:00:00Z | 1910-03-15T00:00:00Z | Grampians | |
http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q747564 | Hugh Mahon | 1857-01-06T00:00:00Z | 1931-08-28T00:00:00Z | Coolgardie | |
http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q5093647 | Chester Manifold | 1867-02-10T00:00:00Z | 1918-10-30T00:00:00Z | Corangamite | |
http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q374416 | Frank Tudor | 1866-01-27T00:00:00Z | 1922-01-10T00:00:00Z | Yarra | |
http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q374416 | Frank Tudor | 1866-01-29T00:00:00Z | 1922-01-10T00:00:00Z | Yarra | |
http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q5480530 | Francis Clarke | 1857-03-25T00:00:00Z | 1939-05-18T00:00:00Z | Cowper | |
http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q5538899 | George Edwards | 1855-01-30T00:00:00Z | 1911-02-04T00:00:00Z | South Sydney | |
http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q6136400 | James Hume Cook | 1866-09-23T00:00:00Z | 1942-08-08T00:00:00Z | Bourke | |
http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q6139208 | James McColl | 1844-01-31T00:00:00Z | 1929-02-20T00:00:00Z | Echuca | |
http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q7412127 | Samuel Mauger | 1857-11-12T00:00:00Z | 1936-06-26T00:00:00Z | Melbourne Ports | |
http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q7660150 | Sydney Smith | 1856-04-11T00:00:00Z | 1934-02-21T00:00:00Z | Macquarie | |
http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q7791482 | Thomas Kennedy | 1860-01-01T00:00:00Z | 1929-02-16T00:00:00Z | Moira | |
http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q7792092 | Thomas Macdonald-Paterson | 1844-05-09T00:00:00Z | 1906-03-21T00:00:00Z | Brisbane | |
http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q8018150 | William Sawers | 1844-01-01T00:00:00Z | 1916-05-19T00:00:00Z | New England | |
http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q15998032 | Henry Willis | 1860-04-06T00:00:00Z | 1950-02-23T00:00:00Z | Robertson | |
http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q593661 | Charles Kingston | 1850-10-22T00:00:00Z | 1908-05-11T00:00:00Z | [[Kingston-488]] | South Australia |
http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q5538252 | George Cruickshank | 1853-02-01T00:00:00Z | 1904-04-11T00:00:00Z | [[Cruikshank-289]] | Gwydir |
http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q5538252 | George Cruickshank | 1853-02-01T00:00:00Z | 1904-04-12T00:00:00Z | [[Cruikshank-289]] | Gwydir |
http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q7183582 | Philip Fysh | 1835-03-01T00:00:00Z | 1919-12-20T00:00:00Z | [[Fysh-9]] | Tasmania |
http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q6145455 | James Whiteside McCay | 1864-12-21T00:00:00Z | 1930-10-01T00:00:00Z | [[McCay-71]] | Corinella |
http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q7908685 | Vaiben Solomon | 1853-05-13T00:00:00Z | 1908-10-20T00:00:00Z | [[Solomon-682]] | South Australia |
http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q8014092 | William Knox | 1850-04-25T00:00:00Z | 1913-08-25T00:00:00Z | [[Knox-3350]] | Kooyong |
http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q23347 | Chris Watson | 1867-04-09T00:00:00Z | 1941-11-18T00:00:00Z | [[Tanck-6]] | Bland |
http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q8018641 | William Spence | 1846-08-07T00:00:00Z | 1926-12-13T00:00:00Z | [[Spence-4896]] | Darling |
http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q356230 | Joseph Cook | 1860-12-07T00:00:00Z | 1947-07-30T00:00:00Z | [[Cooke-2440]] | Parramatta |
http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q921617 | John Forrest | 1847-08-22T00:00:00Z | 1918-09-03T00:00:00Z | [[Forrest-899]] | Swan |
http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q921617 | John Forrest | 1847-08-22T00:00:00Z | 1918-09-04T00:00:00Z | [[Forrest-899]] | Swan |
http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q1488379 | Paddy Glynn | 1855-08-25T00:00:00Z | 1931-10-28T00:00:00Z | [[Glynn-878]] | South Australia |
http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q314016 | Andrew Fisher | 1862-08-29T00:00:00Z | 1928-10-22T00:00:00Z | [[Fisher-5597]] | Wide Bay |
http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q1673410 | Isaac Isaacs | 1855-08-06T00:00:00Z | 1948-02-11T00:00:00Z | [[Isaacs-674]] | Indi |
http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q5545367 | George Turner | 1851-08-08T00:00:00Z | 1916-08-13T00:00:00Z | [[Turner-34268]] | Balaclava |
http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q6243972 | Langdon Bonython | 1848-10-15T00:00:00Z | 1939-10-22T00:00:00Z | [[Bonython-55]] | South Australia |
http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q313805 | Alfred Deakin | 1856-08-03T00:00:00Z | 1919-10-07T00:00:00Z | [[Deakin-124]] | Ballarat |
http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q6253670 | John Quick | 1852-04-14T00:00:00Z | 1932-06-17T00:00:00Z | [[Quick-1336]] | Bendigo |
http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q8015496 | William McMillan | 1850-11-14T00:00:00Z | 1926-12-21T00:00:00Z | [[McMillan-4668]] | Wentworth |
http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q23342 | Edmund Barton | 1849-01-18T00:00:00Z | 1920-01-07T00:00:00Z | [[Barton-2646]] | Hunter |
http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q1158950 | William Lyne | 1844-04-06T00:00:00Z | 1913-08-03T00:00:00Z | [[Lyne-447]] | Hume |
http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q5498050 | Frederick Holder | 1850-05-12T00:00:00Z | 1909-07-23T00:00:00Z | [[Holder-1292]] | South Australia |
http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q8012014 | William Henry Groom | 1833-03-09T00:00:00Z | 1901-08-08T00:00:00Z | [[Groom-1414]] | Darling Downs |
http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q23352 | George Reid | 1845-02-25T00:00:00Z | 1918-09-12T00:00:00Z | [[Reid-3542]] | East Sydney |
http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q152666 | Billy Hughes | 1862-09-25T00:00:00Z | 1952-10-28T00:00:00Z | [[Hughes-5069]] | West Sydney |
http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q4823024 | Austin Chapman | 1864-07-10T00:00:00Z | 1926-01-12T00:00:00Z | [[Chapman-11554]] | Eden-Monaro |
http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q5341989 | Edward Braddon | 1829-06-11T00:00:00Z | 1904-02-02T00:00:00Z | [[Braddon-5]] | Tasmania |
http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q5539523 | George Warburton Fuller | 1861-01-22T00:00:00Z | 1940-07-22T00:00:00Z | [[Fuller-9379]] | Illawarra |
SELECT ?Member ?MemberLabel ?date_of_birth ?date_of_death (CONCAT("[[",?WikiTree_person_ID,"]]") AS ?wikilink) ?start ?electoral_districtLabel WHERE { SERVICE wikibase:label { bd:serviceParam wikibase:language "[AUTO_LANGUAGE],en". } ?Member p:P39 ?s. ?s ps:P39 wd:Q6814428; pq:P580 ?start. OPTIONAL { ?Member wdt:P569 ?date_of_birth. } OPTIONAL { ?Member wdt:P570 ?date_of_death. } OPTIONAL { ?Member wdt:P2949 ?WikiTree_person_ID. } OPTIONAL { ?s pq:P768 ?electoral_district. } FILTER(?start < "1901-07-01T00:00:01+10:00"^^xsd:dateTime) } LIMIT 100
finds the 36 original senators https://query.wikidata.org/#SELECT%20%3FMember%20%3FMemberLabel%20%3Fdate_of_birth%20%3Fdate_of_death%20%28CONCAT%28%22%5B%5B%22%2C%3FWikiTree_person_ID%2C%22%5D%5D%22%29%20AS%20%3Fwikilink%29%20%3Fstart%20%3Felectoral_districtLabel%20WHERE%20%7B%0A%20%20SERVICE%20wikibase%3Alabel%20%7B%20bd%3AserviceParam%20wikibase%3Alanguage%20%22%5BAUTO_LANGUAGE%5D%2Cen%22.%20%7D%0A%20%20%3FMember%20p%3AP39%20%3Fs.%0A%20%20%3Fs%20ps%3AP39%20wd%3AQ6814428%3B%0A%20%20%20%20pq%3AP580%20%3Fstart.%0A%20%20OPTIONAL%20%7B%20%3FMember%20wdt%3AP569%20%3Fdate_of_birth.%20%7D%0A%20%20OPTIONAL%20%7B%20%3FMember%20wdt%3AP570%20%3Fdate_of_death.%20%7D%0A%20%20OPTIONAL%20%7B%20%3FMember%20wdt%3AP2949%20%3FWikiTree_person_ID.%20%7D%0A%20%20OPTIONAL%20%7B%20%3Fs%20pq%3AP768%20%3Felectoral_district.%20%7D%0A%20%20FILTER%28%3Fstart%20%3C%20%221901-07-01T00%3A00%3A01%2B10%3A00%22%5E%5Exsd%3AdateTime%29%0A%7D%0ALIMIT%20100 Member | MemberLabel | date_of_birth | date_of_death | wikilink | start | electoral_districtLabel |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q6226333 | John Clemons | 1862-03-24T00:00:00Z | 1944-11-10T00:00:00Z | 1901-03-29T00:00:00Z | Tasmania | |
http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q16058758 | James Styles | 1841-07-03T00:00:00Z | 1913-02-04T00:00:00Z | 1901-03-29T00:00:00Z | Victoria | |
http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q5606668 | Gregor McGregor | 1848-10-18T00:00:00Z | 1914-08-13T00:00:00Z | 1901-03-30T00:00:00Z | South Australia | |
http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q6232973 | John Ferguson | 1830-03-15T00:00:00Z | 1906-03-30T00:00:00Z | 1901-03-30T00:00:00Z | Queensland | |
http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q8012328 | William Higgs | 1862-01-18T00:00:00Z | 1951-06-11T00:00:00Z | 1901-03-30T00:00:00Z | Queensland | |
http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q9310734 | Robert Best | 1856-06-18T00:00:00Z | 1946-03-27T00:00:00Z | 1901-03-29T00:00:00Z | Victoria | |
http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q364568 | George Pearce | 1870-01-14T00:00:00Z | 1952-06-24T00:00:00Z | 1901-03-29T00:00:00Z | Western Australia | |
http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q7598931 | Staniforth Smith | 1869-02-25T00:00:00Z | 1934-01-14T00:00:00Z | 1901-03-29T00:00:00Z | Western Australia | |
http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q7790057 | Thomas Glassey | 1844-02-26T00:00:00Z | 1936-09-28T00:00:00Z | 1901-03-30T00:00:00Z | Queensland | |
http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q7887370 | Richard O'Connor | 1851-08-04T00:00:00Z | 1912-11-18T00:00:00Z | 1901-03-29T00:00:00Z | New South Wales | |
http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q5238146 | David O'Keefe | 1864-08-21T00:00:00Z | 1943-07-21T00:00:00Z | 1901-03-29T00:00:00Z | Tasmania | |
http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q5343320 | Edward Harney | 1865-08-31T00:00:00Z | 1929-05-17T00:00:00Z | 1901-03-29T00:00:00Z | Western Australia | |
http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q6143638 | James Stewart | 1850-09-07T00:00:00Z | 1931-12-19T00:00:00Z | 1901-03-30T00:00:00Z | Queensland | |
http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q6220847 | John Barrett | 1858-12-25T00:00:00Z | 1928-05-19T00:00:00Z | 1901-03-29T00:00:00Z | Victoria | |
http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q7052200 | Norman Ewing | 1870-12-26T00:00:00Z | 1928-07-19T00:00:00Z | 1901-03-29T00:00:00Z | Western Australia | |
http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q8020702 | William Zeal | 1830-12-05T00:00:00Z | 1912-03-11T00:00:00Z | 1901-03-29T00:00:00Z | Victoria | |
http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q643954 | Edward Millen | 1860-11-07T00:00:00Z | 1923-09-14T00:00:00Z | 1901-03-29T00:00:00Z | New South Wales | |
http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q5933180 | Hugh de Largie | 1859-03-24T00:00:00Z | 1947-05-09T00:00:00Z | 1901-03-29T00:00:00Z | Western Australia | |
http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q6132824 | James Drake | 1850-04-26T00:00:00Z | 1941-08-01T00:00:00Z | 1901-03-30T00:00:00Z | Queensland | |
http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q6138685 | James Macfarlane | 1844-09-02T00:00:00Z | 1914-11-24T00:00:00Z | 1901-03-29T00:00:00Z | Tasmania | |
http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q6144998 | James Walker | 1841-03-20T00:00:00Z | 1923-01-18T00:00:00Z | 1901-03-29T00:00:00Z | New South Wales | |
http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q11727915 | John Keating | 1872-06-28T00:00:00Z | 1940-10-31T00:00:00Z | 1901-03-29T00:00:00Z | Tasmania | |
http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q6230006 | John Downer | 1843-07-06T00:00:00Z | 1915-08-02T00:00:00Z | [[Downer-334]] | 1901-03-30T00:00:00Z | South Australia |
http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q7323916 | Richard Baker | 1842-06-22T00:00:00Z | 1911-03-18T00:00:00Z | [[Baker-16605]] | 1901-03-30T00:00:00Z | South Australia |
http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q118051 | Anderson Dawson | 1863-07-16T00:00:00Z | 1910-07-20T00:00:00Z | [[Dawson-3114]] | 1901-03-30T00:00:00Z | Queensland |
http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q5498851 | Frederick Thomas Sargood | 1834-05-30T00:00:00Z | 1903-01-02T00:00:00Z | [[Sargood-15]] | 1901-03-29T00:00:00Z | Victoria |
http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q5232322 | David Charleston | 1848-05-27T00:00:00Z | 1934-06-30T00:00:00Z | [[Charleston-213]] | 1901-03-30T00:00:00Z | South Australia |
http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q6250221 | John Neild | 1846-01-04T00:00:00Z | 1911-03-08T00:00:00Z | [[Neild-76]] | 1901-03-29T00:00:00Z | New South Wales |
http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q7518791 | Simon Fraser | 1832-08-21T00:00:00Z | 1919-07-30T00:00:00Z | [[Fraser-2053]] | 1901-03-29T00:00:00Z | Victoria |
http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q5200658 | Cyril Cameron | 1857-12-05T00:00:00Z | 1941-12-22T00:00:00Z | [[Cameron-10426]] | 1901-03-29T00:00:00Z | Tasmania |
http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q5344920 | Edward Pulsford | 1844-09-29T00:00:00Z | 1919-09-29T00:00:00Z | [[Pulsford-65]] | 1901-03-29T00:00:00Z | New South Wales |
http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q7793194 | Thomas Playford | 1837-11-26T00:00:00Z | 1915-04-19T00:00:00Z | [[Playford-81]] | 1901-03-30T00:00:00Z | South Australia |
http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q5720381 | Henry Dobson | 1841-12-24T00:00:00Z | 1918-10-10T00:00:00Z | [[Dobson-2689]] | 1901-03-29T00:00:00Z | Tasmania |
http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q6290634 | Josiah Symon | 1846-09-27T00:00:00Z | 1934-03-29T00:00:00Z | [[Symon-80]] | 1901-03-30T00:00:00Z | South Australia |
http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q4710343 | Albert Gould | 1847-02-12T00:00:00Z | 1936-07-27T00:00:00Z | [[Gould-2348]] | 1901-03-29T00:00:00Z | New South Wales |
http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q7525958 | Sir Alexander Matheson, 3rd Baronet | 1861-02-06T00:00:00Z | 1929-08-06T00:00:00Z | [[Matheson-2283]] | 1901-03-29T00:00:00Z | Western Australia |
Austria Coats of Arms
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Auszug aus dem Familienregister Heidenheim vom 19.11.1943
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Authenticity of Alexander Mackenzie Mckenzie
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{|- border="1" width ="90%" cellpadding="5" ! colspan="6" align="center" style="background:#FF8080;"|Fact-finding Notes |- ! colspan="6" align="left" style="color:#008000;"| |- |} {|- border="1" width ="90%" cellpadding="5" ! colspan="1" align="center" style="background:#A9A9A9;"|Sources |- ! align="left" style="color:#008000;"| |- |}
Authenticity of John McKenzie
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MyHeritage Family Trees.
Ancestry Family Trees. |- ! align="left" | Birth | Blank |- ! align="left" | Death | Blank |- ! align="left" | Sex | Male |- ! align="left" | Marital Status | Single |- ! align="left" | Children | Nil |- ! align="left" | Sources presented | Unsourced |- ! align="left" | Additional Notes | Profile has no biography. Blank slate. |}
{|- border="1" width ="90%" cellpadding="5" ! colspan="6" align="center" style="background:#FF8080;"|Fact-finding Notes |- ! colspan="6" align="left" style="color:#008000;"| Unsourced profile. No reliable or even unreliable sources are provided. Creator did not even attempt to make us of the flawed "Confirmed Matches" feature.
There is no mention of a John in Some Mackenzie Pedigrees nor in both editions of History of the Mackenzies.
No indication it is a misread of either History of the Mackenzies.
No Baptism record on ScotlandsPeople.
Profile has been questioned on GENI without a response from original profile creator.
|- |} {|- border="1" width ="90%" cellpadding="5" ! colspan="1" align="center" style="background:#A9A9A9;"|References, Sources and further reading |- ! align="left" style="color:#008000;"| :ScotslandPeople
:Mackenzie, Alexander. History of the Clan Mackenzie; with Genealogies of the Principal Families. Inverness, Scoland: A & W. MacKenzie, 1879. :Mackenzie, Alexander, M.J.I. History of the Mackenzies with Genealogies of the Principal Families of the name. New, Revised, and Extended Edition. Inverness, Scoland: A & W. MacKenzie, 1894. :Warrand, D. Some Mackenzie Pedigrees. Robert Carruthers & Sons, Inverness, 1965. |- |}
Auto WikiTree Tables + Preview Update
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Auto-biographical sketch by Greene Evans circa 1873
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Autobiography of Rebecca K. Boice Rowland
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Autobiography of Rev. James McNally
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Autobiography of William Irving (1843-1922)
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Autograph
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Autograph Book
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Autograph Book 2
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Autograph Book-1
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Auto-History of James Mortensen
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Autosomal DNA Admixture of Peter J. Roberts
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Autosomal DNA Ethnic Admixture and Ancestry
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Autosomal DNA Portal for Peter Roberts-7085
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|- | 2 || Payne-3360 || M191333 || 173935113 || 211846129 || 29.8 || [https://www.wikitree.com/index.php?title=Special:Relationship&action=calculate&person1_name=Payne-3360&person2_name=Roberts-7085 -><-]
|- | 4 || '''Collins-5366''' || T688604 || 113929622 || 126436413 || 8.3 || [https://www.wikitree.com/index.php?title=Special:Relationship&action=calculate&person1_name=Collins-5366&person2_name=Roberts-7085 -><-]Shared segment is from [[Pinder-56|Pinder-56]] or [[Barnett-2174|Barnett-2174]] |- | 4 || '''Lowe-3478''' || T045225 || 110146255 || 125889460 || 12.2 || [https://www.wikitree.com/index.php?title=Special:Relationship&action=calculate&person1_name=Lowe-3478&person2_name=Roberts-7085 -><-]Shared segment is from [[Pinder-56|Pinder-56]] or [[Barnett-2174|Barnett-2174]] |- | 5 || Archer-1102 || A378260 || 176093069 || 180623543 || 12.2 || [https://www.wikitree.com/index.php?title=Special:Relationship&action=calculate&person1_name=Archer-1102&person2_name=Roberts-7085 -><-]Shared segment is likely from [[Pinder-47|Pinder-47]] |- | 6 || Kitchen-311 || T984290 || 166029345 || 168443695 || 8.1 || [https://www.wikitree.com/index.php?title=Special:Relationship&action=calculate&person1_name=Kitchen-311&person2_name=Roberts-7085 -><-]
|- | 7 || Collins-5366 || T688604 || 9184546 || 13854270 || 7.2 || [https://www.wikitree.com/index.php?title=Special:Relationship&action=calculate&person1_name=Collins-5366&person2_name=Roberts-7085 -><-]
|- | 10 || Collins-5366 || T688604 || 88087 || 6305408 || 17.8 || [https://www.wikitree.com/index.php?title=Special:Relationship&action=calculate&person1_name=Collins-5366&person2_name=Roberts-7085 -><-]
|- | 10 || Nodine-28 || T300475 || 105783449 || 114568984 || 8.2 || [https://www.wikitree.com/index.php?title=Special:Relationship&action=calculate&person1_name=Nodine-28&person2_name=Roberts-7085 -><-]
|- | 12 || Payne-3360 || M191333 || 61880 || 6068492 || 16.8 || [https://www.wikitree.com/index.php?title=Special:Relationship&action=calculate&person1_name=Payne-3360&person2_name=Roberts-7085 -><-]
|- | 12 ||Collins-5366 || T688604 || 46165835 || 53793732 || 8.9 || [https://www.wikitree.com/index.php?title=Special:Relationship&action=calculate&person1_name=Collins-5366&person2_name=Roberts-7085 -><-]
|- | 15 || Payne-3360 || M191333 || 84451305 || 92615877 || 19.7 || [https://www.wikitree.com/index.php?title=Special:Relationship&action=calculate&person1_name=Payne-3360&person2_name=Roberts-7085 -><-]
|- | 16 ||Nodine-28 || T300475 || 71818992 || 79672326 || 16.5 || [https://www.wikitree.com/index.php?title=Special:Relationship&action=calculate&person1_name=Nodine-28&person2_name=Roberts-7085 -><-]
|- | 19 || Payne-3360 || M191333 || 58667280 || 63776118 || 16.1 || [https://www.wikitree.com/index.php?title=Special:Relationship&action=calculate&person1_name=Payne-3360&person2_name=Roberts-7085 -><-]
|- | 19 ||Sjostrom-39 || A936004 || 10450422 || 16284035 || 8.8 || [https://www.wikitree.com/index.php?title=Special:Relationship&action=calculate&person1_name=Sjostrom-39&person2_name=Roberts-7085 -><-]
|- | 20 || Payne-3360 || M191333 || 4523350 || 6638101 || 8.0 || [https://www.wikitree.com/index.php?title=Special:Relationship&action=calculate&person1_name=Payne-3360&person2_name=Roberts-7085 -><-]
|- | 20 || Payne-3360 || M191333 || 46126993 || 51168186 || 8.3 || [https://www.wikitree.com/index.php?title=Special:Relationship&action=calculate&person1_name=Payne-3360&person2_name=Roberts-7085 -><-]
|- | 21 || Payne-3360 || M191333 || 18290872 || 23208407 || 9.2 || [https://www.wikitree.com/index.php?title=Special:Relationship&action=calculate&person1_name=Payne-3360&person2_name=Roberts-7085 -><-]
|} ==Y Haplogroups of my Ancestors in WikiTree== #'''E-M35.1''' [https://www.wikitree.com/index.php?title=Special:Relationship&action=calculate&person1_name=Ap_Iorwerth-26&person2_name=Roberts-7085&gen=30 Llywelyn ap Iorwerth] (1173 - 1240) #'''E-M35.1 likely E-M84''' [https://www.wikitree.com/index.php?title=Special:Relationship&action=calculate&person1_name=Archer-1070&person2_name=Roberts-7085 Benjamin Archer] (c1767 - c1820) #[https://www.wikitree.com/index.php?title=Special:Relationship&action=calculate&person1_name=Lancaster-406&person2_name=Roberts-7085&gen=30 '''G-P287''' Humphrey Lancaster] (1390 - 1446) #[https://www.wikitree.com/index.php?title=Special:Relationship&action=calculate&person1_name=Pinder-48&person2_name=Roberts-7085 '''I-P221''' Ridley Pinder] (1745 - 1795) #[https://www.wikitree.com/index.php?title=Special:Relationship&action=calculate&person1_name=Wise-1104&person2_name=Roberts-7085 '''I-M253''' William Wise] (1744 - 1816) #[https://www.wikitree.com/index.php?title=Special:Relationship&action=calculate&person1_name=Roberts-7101&person2_name=Roberts-7085 '''I-Z59''' Bert Roberts] (1918 - 1966) #[https://www.wikitree.com/index.php?title=Special:Relationship&action=calculate&person1_name=De_Havilland-55&person2_name=Roberts-7085&gen=30 '''R-BY11544''' James de Haviland] (ca. 1440 - ca. 1512) #[https://www.wikitree.com/index.php?title=Special:Relationship&action=calculate&person1_name=Bethel-269&person2_name=Roberts-7085 '''R-CTS241''' Winer Bethel] (1849 - 1881) #[https://www.wikitree.com/index.php?title=Special:Relationship&action=calculate&person1_name=Strange-559&person2_name=Roberts-7085&gen=30 '''R-FGC41936''' John Strange] (ca 1331-1361) #[https://www.wikitree.com/index.php?title=Special:Relationship&action=calculate&person1_name=Roberts-7534&person2_name=Roberts-7085 '''R-L20''' John Roberts] (ca. 1750 - ca. 1798) #[https://www.wikitree.com/index.php?title=Special:Relationship&action=calculate&person1_name=Sasser-126&person2_name=Roberts-7085 '''R-L21''' Thomas Sasser] (1825 - 1876) #[https://www.wikitree.com/index.php?title=Special:Relationship&action=calculate&person1_name=FitzAlan-197&person2_name=Roberts-7085&gen=30 '''R-L21''' Richard FitzAlan] (ca. 1346 - 1397) #[https://www.wikitree.com/index.php?title=Special:Relationship&action=calculate&person1_name=Denmark-271&person2_name=Roberts-7085 '''R-M269''' William Batchelor Denmark, Jr.] (1743 - aft 1827) #[https://www.wikitree.com/index.php?title=Special:Relationship&action=calculate&person1_name=Bryan-778&person2_name=Roberts-7085 '''R-M269''' William Bryan] (1724 - 1781) #[https://www.wikitree.com/index.php?title=Special:Relationship&action=calculate&person1_name=Hull-4208&person2_name=Roberts-7085 '''R-M269''' Ezekiel Hull] (c. 1788 -) #[https://www.wikitree.com/index.php?title=Special:Relationship&action=calculate&person1_name=Jones-19393&person2_name=Roberts-7085 '''R-M269''' Thomas Jones] (1775 - c. 1835) #[https://www.wikitree.com/index.php?title=Special:Relationship&action=calculate&person1_name=Morgan-950&person2_name=Roberts-7085&gen=30 '''R-M269''' Thomas ap Morgan] (1443 -) #[https://www.wikitree.com/index.php?title=Special:Relationship&action=calculate&person1_name=Pitt-134&person2_name=Roberts-7085 '''R-M269''' Robert Pitt] (c. 1605 - 1672) #[https://www.wikitree.com/index.php?title=Special:Relationship&action=calculate&person1_name=Scarborough-3&person2_name=Roberts-7085&gen=30 '''R-M269''' Edmound Scarborough] (1584 - 1635) #'''R-M269''' [https://www.wikitree.com/index.php?title=Special:Relationship&action=calculate&person1_name=De_Vere-307&person2_name=Roberts-7085&gen=30 Robert de Vere] (c. 1240 - 1296) #[https://www.wikitree.com/index.php?title=Special:Relationship&action=calculate&person1_name=Harrington-269&person2_name=Roberts-7085&gen=30 '''R-M512''' William Harrington] (c. 1373 - ) #[https://www.wikitree.com/index.php?title=Special:Relationship&action=calculate&person1_name=Sawyer-1291&person2_name=Roberts-7085 '''R-P312''' Richard Sawyer] (c. 1821 - 1879) #[https://www.wikitree.com/index.php?title=Special:Relationship&action=calculate&person1_name=Balliol-7&person2_name=Roberts-7085&gen=30 '''R-S673''' John de Balliol] (b. bef 1208) #[https://www.wikitree.com/index.php?title=Special:Relationship&action=calculate&person1_name=Albury-15&person2_name=Roberts-7085 '''R-S1026''' Benjamin Albury] (1803 - 1862) #[https://www.wikitree.com/index.php?title=Special:Relationship&action=calculate&person1_name=Dekle-7&person2_name=Roberts-7085 '''R-SRY2627''' Cecil Dekle] (1892 - 1976) #[https://www.wikitree.com/index.php?title=Special:Relationship&action=calculate&person1_name=Lea-220&person2_name=Roberts-7085&gen=30 '''R-U106''' William Lee] (c. 1258 - 1302) #[https://www.wikitree.com/index.php?title=Special:Relationship&action=calculate&person1_name=Zouche-46&person2_name=Roberts-7085&gen=30 '''R-U152''' William Zouche] (c. xyz - xyz) #[https://www.wikitree.com/index.php?title=Special:Relationship&action=calculate&person1_name=Rustin-19&person2_name=Roberts-7085 '''R-Z198''' James Rustin] (1867 - 1937) #[https://www.wikitree.com/index.php?title=Special:Relationship&action=calculate&person1_name=Vexin-5&person2_name=Roberts-7085&gen=30 '''R-Z282''' Raoul de Crépy] (c. 1025 - 1074) #'''R-Z381''' [https://www.wikitree.com/index.php?title=Special:Relationship&action=calculate&person1_name=Capet-575&person2_name=Roberts-7085&gen=30 Philippe Capet] (c. 1268 - 1314) #'''R-Z34614''' [https://www.wikitree.com/index.php?title=Special:Relationship&action=calculate&person1_name=Haina-6&person2_name=Roberts-7085&gen=30 Boudewijn Hainaut V] (1150 - 1195) Y-DNA Once in WikiTree #[https://www.wikitree.com/index.php?title=Special:Relationship&action=calculate&person1_name=Gerard-45&person2_name=Roberts-7085&gen=30 '''J-M172''' Peter Gerard] (1407 - 1447) #[https://www.wikitree.com/index.php?title=Special:Relationship&action=calculate&person1_name=Butler-1160&person2_name=Roberts-7085&gen=30 '''R-M269''' James Butler] (c. 1305 - 1338) #[https://www.wikitree.com/index.php?title=Special:Relationship&action=calculate&person1_name=Darcy-185&person2_name=Roberts-7085&gen=30 '''R-M269''' John Darcy] (1280 - 1347) #[https://www.wikitree.com/index.php?title=Special:Relationship&action=calculate&person1_name=Talbot-786&person2_name=Roberts-7085&gen=30 '''R-M269''' John Talbot] (1485 - 1549) #[https://www.wikitree.com/index.php?title=Special:Relationship&action=calculate&person1_name=Bromley-48&person2_name=Roberts-7085&gen=30 '''R-U106''' John Bromley] #[https://www.wikitree.com/index.php?title=Special:Relationship&action=calculate&person1_name=Drake-15&person2_name=Roberts-7085&gen=30 '''R-Z282''' Robert Drake] #[https://www.wikitree.com/index.php?title=Special:Relationship&action=calculate&person1_name=FitzWarin-57&person2_name=Roberts-7085&gen=30 '''R-U106''' Fulk Fitzwarin] (c. 1251 - 1315) ==mtDNA Haplogroups of my Ancestors in WikiTree== #[https://www.wikitree.com/index.php?title=Special:Relationship&action=calculate&person1_name=Bethel-268&person2_name=Roberts-7085 '''H1''' Louise Bethel] #[https://www.wikitree.com/index.php?title=Special:Relationship&action=calculate&person1_name=Roberts-7272&person2_name=Roberts-7085 '''H1a3a1''' Elizabeth Roberts] #[https://www.wikitree.com/index.php?title=Special:Relationship&action=calculate&person1_name=West-4009&person2_name=Roberts-7085 '''H1b1''' Matilda West] #[https://www.wikitree.com/index.php?title=Special:Relationship&action=calculate&person1_name=Bell-3232&person2_name=Roberts-7085 '''I3''' Susan Bell] #[https://www.wikitree.com/index.php?title=Special:Relationship&action=calculate&person1_name=Dekle-5&person2_name=Roberts-7085 '''I3c''' Nan Dekle] #[https://www.wikitree.com/index.php?title=Special:Relationship&action=calculate&person1_name=Beaufort-1&person2_name=Roberts-7085 '''J1c2c3''' Joan Beaufort] #[[Manning-1985#DNA|'''J2a1a1a2''' Elizabeth Manning]] #[https://www.wikitree.com/index.php?title=Special:Relationship&action=calculate&person1_name=Barnett-2174&person2_name=Roberts-7085 '''T1b''' Frances Barnett] #[https://www.wikitree.com/index.php?title=Special:Relationship&action=calculate&person1_name=Sawyer-1285&person2_name=Roberts-7085 '''T2f1a''' Mary Sawyer] mtDNA Once in WikiTree #[https://www.wikitree.com/index.php?title=Special:Relationship&action=calculate&person1_name=Talbot-785&person2_name=Roberts-7085 '''J1c2c3''' Anne Talbot]
Autosomal DNA test
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Avaritt
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Avery College
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Its purpose: : "...promoting the education and moral elevation of the colored population, by the establishment of a seminary, for the education of colored youth in the various branches of literature and the sciences..." [https://alleghenyhistorymakers.blogspot.com/2006/10/avery-college-1849-1914.html Allegheny History Makers, Avery College (1849-1914), Saturday, October 07, 2006, David, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania], found on blogspot.com In 1858 [[Avery-8387|Charles Avery]] died, and provided for the Institute in his Will. "Pennsylvania, U.S., Wills and Probate Records, 1683-1993"
Allegheny > Will Books, Vol 9, 1858-1861 > image 18 of 361
{{Ancestry Sharing|29638921|b052c5}} - Ancestry {{Ancestry Image|8802|005537860_00018}} (accessed 25 July 2022)
Charles Avery. "North America, Family Histories, 1500-2000"
A > Avery > The Groton Avery Clan > image 598 of 809
{{Ancestry Sharing|29639039|228cc3}} - Ancestry {{Ancestry Image|61157|46155_b289861-00597}} (accessed 25 July 2022) It was then renamed '''Avery College'''. :''Charles Avery had willed stock in the Monongahela Navigation Company to provide sufficient operating funds for the school. However, by the late 1870’s the Federal Government broke-up the company. The school was paid $67,000 for its shares. However, the Allegheny County Court of Common Pleas directed that $65,000 of the fund be invested in Allegheny County Real Estate. This investment was a complete loss for the college. The Commonwealth of Pennsylvania provided some operating funds which also dried up in 1913.'' Sometime after 1914, the school closed. === Notable People Associated with Avery College === * [[Avery-8387|Charles Avery (1784-1858)]], founder * [[Chester-1621|Thomas Morris Chester (1834-1892)]], student * [[Wright-52052|Jonathan Jasper Wright (1840-1885)]], received an honorary LL.D degree * [[Brown-121642|Jeremiah A Brown (1841-1913)]], student * [[Tanner-5393|Benjamin Tucker Tanner (1835-1923)]], student == Sources ==
AVERY's of Benenden
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DNA matches are shared through other branches that help validate the assumption that James belongs to the William & Martha family. =[[Avery-1005|William c1771 ]] and [[Waters-1021|Martha (Waters) Avery]]= ===[[Avery-1600|James c1806]] and [[Blackman-3046|Caroline (Blackman) Avery]] Descendants=== =====[[Avery-6453|William 1829]] and [[Hopper-3797|Sarah (Hopper) Avery]]===== #[[Avery-6459|Harriet (Avery) Wade]] #*[[Kent-7188|*Rod Kent]] GEDmatch A887412 #*Lois Schoolmann MH #*Jerry Wade MH =====[[Avery-1599|Thomas 1835]] and [[Morris-7964|Elizabeth (Morris) Avery]]===== #[[Avery-1582|Walter Avery 1861]] #*[[DeWall-6|Veronica (DeWall) Struzik]] Ancestry, MH, FTDNA #[[Avery-6188|Mary Jane (Avery) Fynaut 1870]] #*[[Avery-6184|Darlene (Avery) Jamison]] GEDmatch LW3481217, MH, FTDNA #*[[Avery-6185|Edna (Avery) Heath]] GEDmatch KU3844417, MH, FTDNA #*[[Milligan-41|Steve Milligan]] (frothingham) GEDmatch HP2945528, MH, FTDNA #*[[Milligan-2193|Allie Milligan]] GEDmatch DE414569C1, Ancestry, MH, FTDNA #*[[Milligan-2428|Daniel Milligan]] GEDmatch HZ1904301, Ancestry, MH #[[Avery-6210|Charles Thomas Avery 1874]] #*Robert Wentworth GEDmatch M133813 #*medtech3 GEDmatch DN6376588 #*Tammy Boglione Ancestry #*M. Esley FTDNA 5001064 ===[[Relf-188|Henry]] and [[Avery-6460|Lucy (Avery) Relf 1808]]=== =====George Ralph and Margaret Fuggle===== #John Ralph #*rayralph1 Ancestry
Ave's Free Space for Images, Etc.
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Avis Carter
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Use this link to return to Avis Carter's profile. [[Turtley-2]]
Avon River - Beverley - Photo Tree
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[https://trove.nla.gov.au/work/229952708 Creator '''Rea,''' Samuel, 1889?-1948,] (photographer.) Produced '''1932.''' *[[wikipedia:Dale_River#History|The Town of '''Beverley''' is the closest settlement of the ''Dale River.'']] *[[wikipedia:Avon_River_(Western_Australia)|The ''Avon River'' is a river in Western Australia, and the catchment area]]
Avondale House
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Avoyelles Parish
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Awards
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Awbrey/Aubrey Name Origins and Variations
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Awbrey Family Members in the Revolutionary War
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Axis Powers in World War II
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Axtell Family History
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Ayers Bible that contains Havens
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Aylett photos
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Aynsley pedigrees
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Ayre-McNeilly Photo Album
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Ayres Kin and Kin to Kin
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Ayrshire Y DNA
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A-Z Documents : Olivier Family Tree
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The next table is where the audit continues, but is more difficult. The numbers are currently the goal and are not the shared reality (where 2 or more people would agree). :10* and 11*: These are the American Revolution War Service (RWS) generations. {|border="1" cellpadding="2" |align="center"|'''Gen Num''' ||'''Relation to Britain''' ||'''Norm Num''' ||'''Actual Num''' |align="center" style="background:#;"|'''Data, Bio''' |align="center" style="background:#BBDDFF;"|'''Sourced''' |align="center" style="background:#BBDDFF;"|'''Status?''' |-style="background:#BBDDFF;" |align="center"| 10*||5th Grt Grandparents, at start ||align="center"|128(-16)||align="center"|T96*||align="center"|48||align="center"|48||33% |- |align="center"| 10||[[Britain-152|Britain]] and [[Wilson-74677|Wilson]]||align="center"|nc||align="center"|nc*||align="center"|nc ||align="center"|nc|nc% (i)(i) |- |align="center"| 10||[[Hensley-1632|Hensley]] and [[Childress-722|Childress]] ||align="center"|nc||align="center"|nc*||align="center"|nc||align="center"|nc% (i)(i) |- |align="center"| 10*||[[Bailey-25585|Bailey RWS]] and [[Kennedy-18299|Kennedy]] ||align="center"|nc||align="center"|nc*||align="center"|nc||align="center"|nc% (v) |- |align="center"| 10||[[Paulsell-9|Paulsell]] (bw) and [[Delaney-1697|Delaney]] ||align="center"|nc||align="center"|nc*||align="center"|nc||align="center"|nc% (v) |-style="background:#BBDDFF;" |align="center"|11||6th Grt Grandparents, at start ||align="center"|256||align="center"|192*(-32) (-2)||align="center"|158||align="center"|158|| 33% |- |align="center"|11||[[Britten-443|Britten]] and [[Ford-15567|Ford]] (1723-)]]||align="center"|256||align="center"|192*(-32) (-2)||align="center"|158||align="center"|158 (82%) i |- |align="center"|11||[[Hensley-1524|Hensley and blank||align="center"|256||align="center"|192*(-32) (-2)||align="center"|158||align="center"|158 (82%) i |- |align="center"|11*||[[Kennedy-17409|Kennedy RWS]] (v) and [[Hughes-19389|Hughes]] (i)||align="center"|256||align="center"|192*(-32) (-2)||align="center"|158||align="center"|158 (82%) i |- |align="center"|11*||[[Delaney-701|Delaney RWS]] (v) and [[Darcy-429|unsourced]] (u)||align="center"|256||align="center"|192*(-32) (-2)||align="center"|158(-1) ||align="center"|157 (82%) v |-style="background:#BBDDFF;" |align="center"| 12||7th Grt Grandparents, at start ||align="center"|512||align="center"|384*(-64,-4,-2)||align="center"|314||align="center"|314 (82%) |- |align="center"| 12||[[Briton-39|(Briton) Britten]] and blank||align="center"|512||align="center"|384*(-199)||align="center"|185||align="center"|185 (48%) |-style="background:#BBDDFF;" |align="center"| 13||8th Grt Grandparents, at start ||align="center"|1024||align="center"|768*(-128)(-14)||align="center"|632||align="center"|632 (82%) |- |align="center"| 13||[[Britten-446|John Britten (1671-)]] and blank||align="center"|1024||align="center"|768*(-399)||align="center"|369 (48%)||align="center"|369 (48%) |--style="background:#BBDDFF;" |align="center"| 14||9th Grt Grandparents, at start ||align="center"|2048||align="center"|1536*(-256)(-16)||align="center"|1264||align="center"|1264 (82%) |} * Adapted from [[Baty-260|SJ Baty]], [[Space:My_Ancestors_Research_Statistics_template|''My Ancestors Research Statistics'']], WikiTree, 2019, [https://www.wikitree.com/g2g/792033/have-you-audited-your-ancestors Have you audited your ancestors?] an adaptation of [[Braddock-124|Campbell Braddock]], WikiTree, n.d. == Sources ==
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Project:
Babs' Scratch Pad
Inbound links: 1
Stars: 🟊🟊🟊🟊🟊 20 views
Saved: 11 Apr 2021
Touched: 11 Apr 2021
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Project:
{| border="1" class="sortable"
!Heading Column 1!!Heading Column 2!!Heading Column 3!!Heading Column 4!!Heading Column 4 |-'''Row (duplicate as needed)''' ---------------------------------------------------------------
|Column 1||Column 2||Column 3||Column 4||Column 5 |-'''Table End Marker''' ---------------------------------------------------------------
|}------------------ * Paste the completed table into the Profile's text area, following the steps below or create a Space Page linked to the Slave Holder's profile. === Steps for Updating the Slave Holder Profile === * '''Edit''' the slave holder's profile and scroll to the '''Edit Text''' area * Copy and paste the text from the third column of the following table into the Biography area. Make sure and leave '''Sources''' as the final section of the page.
Displayed | Display Example | Copy, Paste - Modify |
---|---|---|
Enslaved Person(s) | === Enslaved Person(s) === | === Enslaved Person(s) === |
Babs' Table Test
Inbound links: 1
Stars: 🟊🟊🟊🟊🟊 63 views
Saved: 3 Feb 2021
Touched: 3 Feb 2021
Watch List: 1
Project:
Baby Boy Dickson
Inbound links: 0
Stars: 🟊🟊🟊🟊🟊 99 views
Saved: 10 May 2017
Touched: 10 May 2017
Watch List: 1
Project:
Baby clothes from the beginning the 1910s/1920s
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Stars: 🟊🟊🟊🟊🟊 58 views
Saved: 12 Dec 2019
Touched: 12 Dec 2019
Watch List: 1
Project:
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Baby_clothes_from_the_beginning_the_1910s_1920s-2.jpg
Baby_clothes_from_the_beginning_the_1910s_1920s.jpg
Baby Girl Anton's Matching Haplogroup's maternal line
Inbound links: 0
Stars: 🟊🟊🟊🟊🟊 47 views
Saved: 15 Sep 2019
Touched: 15 Sep 2019
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Project:
Baby Loves Daniels Chihuahua dog
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Stars: 🟊🟊🟊🟊🟊 14 views
Saved: 2 Jan 2018
Touched: 2 Jan 2018
Watch List: 1
Project:
Baby the Cat
Inbound links: 0
Stars: 🟊🟊🟊🟊🟊 305 views
Saved: 12 Feb 2021
Touched: 12 Feb 2021
Watch List: 1
Project:
Baby_the_Cat.png
Baby the ferret
Inbound links: 1
Stars: 🟊🟊🟊🟊🟊 85 views
Saved: 10 Feb 2015
Touched: 10 Feb 2015
Watch List: 1
Project:
Baby_the_ferret.jpg
Baca Family History
Inbound links: 0
Stars: 🟊🟊🟊🟊🟊 616 views
Saved: 14 Jul 2020
Touched: 14 Jul 2020
Watch List: 1
Project: WikiTree-95
Bach Project
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Stars: 🟊🟊🟊🟊🟊 637 views
Saved: 8 Jul 2016
Touched: 8 Jul 2016
Watch List: 1
Project:
Bach project
Inbound links: 0
Stars: 🟊🟊🟊🟊🟊 125 views
Saved: 24 Jul 2016
Touched: 24 Jul 2016
Watch List: 2
Project:
Bach_project.jpg
Bachman Valley, Maryland Place Study Info
Inbound links: 859
Stars: 🟊🟊🟊🟊🟊 12 views
Saved: 7 Dec 2021
Touched: 7 Dec 2021
Watch List: 1
Project:
Bachman-Turner Overdrive
Inbound links: 3
Stars: 🟊🟊🟊🟊🟊 114 views
Saved: 7 May 2023
Touched: 7 May 2023
Watch List: 1
Project:
Backagården Liared
Inbound links: 0
Stars: 🟊🟊🟊🟊🟊 5 views
Saved: 14 Nov 2022
Touched: 14 Nov 2022
Watch List: 1
Project:
Backagarden_Liared.jpg
Backagards-slakten Family Book, Nordlund, public
Inbound links: 3
Stars: 🟊🟊🟊🟊🟊 43 views
Saved: 7 Jan 2020
Touched: 7 Jan 2020
Watch List: 1
Project:
Backagards-slakten_Family_Book_Nordlund_public.pdf
Bäckfall, Lönneberga
Inbound links: 5
Stars: 🟊🟊🟊🟊🟊 42 views
Saved: 15 Feb 2024
Touched: 15 Feb 2024
Watch List: 1
Project:
Backfall_Lonneberga.jpg
Backfall_Lonneberga-1.jpg
Background: Gostwick ONS Data Sources
Inbound links: 0
Stars: 🟊🟊🟊🟊🟊 49 views
Saved: 14 Oct 2021
Touched: 14 Oct 2021
Watch List: 1
Project:
Background I/Associations
Inbound links: 1
Stars: 🟊🟊🟊🟊🟊 115 views
Saved: 24 Apr 2018
Touched: 15 Jun 2021
Watch List: 1
Project:
Background_I_Associations.jpg
Background_I_Masculine-3.jpg
Background I/Campers
Inbound links: 1
Stars: 🟊🟊🟊🟊🟊 60 views
Saved: 29 Jun 2021
Touched: 29 Jun 2021
Watch List: 1
Project:
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Background_I_Campers-4.png
Background_I_Campers.png
Background_I_Campers-2.png
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Background_I_Campers-1.png
Background I/Colors
Inbound links: 1
Stars: 🟊🟊🟊🟊🟊 242 views
Saved: 19 Jun 2022
Touched: 23 Jun 2022
Watch List: 1
Project:
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Background_I_Colors-4.jpg
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Background I/Feminine
Inbound links: 1
Stars: 🟊🟊🟊🟊🟊 596 views
Saved: 27 Mar 2024
Touched: 27 Mar 2024
Watch List: 1
Project:
Background_I_Feminine-10.jpg
Photos-2-15.jpg
Background_I_Feminine-21.jpg
Bonner-1012-1.jpg
Background_I_Feminine-18.jpg
Bonner-1011-2.jpg
Background_I_Feminine.png
Background_I_Profile_Graphics-34.png
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Background_I-28.jpg
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Background_I-33.jpg
Background_I.jpg
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Background_I-7.jpg
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Photos-2-10.jpg
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Background_I-1.jpg
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Background_I-22.jpg
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Photos-2-7.jpg
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Photos-2-16.jpg
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Background_I_British-1.jpg
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Background_I-9.jpg
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Background I/French
Inbound links: 2
Stars: 🟊🟊🟊🟊🟊 129 views
Saved: 15 Jun 2017
Touched: 16 Jun 2017
Watch List: 1
Project:
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Background_I_French.jpg
Background I/Irish
Inbound links: 4
Stars: 🟊🟊🟊🟊🟊 743 views
Saved: 15 Jun 2017
Touched: 29 Sep 2017
Watch List: 1
Project:
Background_I-20.jpg
Background_I-40.jpg
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Background_I-31.jpg
Background I/Kiwi
Inbound links: 1
Stars: 🟊🟊🟊🟊🟊 157 views
Saved: 15 Jun 2017
Touched: 6 Jan 2018
Watch List: 1
Project:
Background_I-29.jpg
Background_I_Kiwi.jpg
Background I/Maps
Inbound links: 1
Stars: 🟊🟊🟊🟊🟊 319 views
Saved: 25 Aug 2016
Touched: 25 Aug 2016
Watch List: 1
Project:
Patak_Name_Study-3.jpg
Linger_Name_Study-1.jpg
Patak_Name_Study-2.jpg
Background_I_Maps.jpg
Background I/Masculine
Inbound links: 1
Stars: 🟊🟊🟊🟊🟊 all views 1561
Saved: 19 Mar 2024
Touched: 19 Mar 2024
Watch List: 1
Project:
Background_I-9.jpg
King-17459.jpg
Photos-2-21.jpg
Photos-2-16.jpg
Bonner-1011.jpg
Background_I_Masculine.jpg
Photos-2-25.jpg
Background_I_Seamless-12.jpg
Background_I-19.jpg
Background_I_Masculine-1.jpg
Photos-2-18.jpg
Background_I-20.jpg
Background_I_Masculine.png
Linger-38-1.jpg
Background_I_Masculine-3.jpg
Background_I_Feminine-4.jpg
[[Linger-359|Sample Profile]] |}
Background I/Military
Inbound links: 2
Stars: 🟊🟊🟊🟊🟊 311 views
Saved: 21 Mar 2024
Touched: 21 Mar 2024
Watch List: 1
Project:
Background_I_Military.jpg
Background_I_Kiwi.jpg
Photos-2-1.jpg
Background_I_Military-4.png
Background_I_Military-1.jpg
Background_I_Military-1.png
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Photos-2-4.jpg
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Background I/Misc Graphics
Inbound links: 1
Stars: 🟊🟊🟊🟊🟊 453 views
Saved: 20 Apr 2022
Touched: 20 Apr 2022
Watch List: 1
Project:
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Billings-2504-1.jpg
Background_I_Misc_Graphics.gif
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Background_I_Misc_Graphics-7.png
Background_I_Misc_Graphics-2.gif
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Background_I_Misc_Graphics-10.jpg
Background_I_Misc_Graphics-10.png
Background_I_Misc_Graphics-11.png
Background_I_Misc_Graphics-7.jpg
Background_I_Misc_Graphics.png
Background_I_Misc_Graphics-3.png
Background I/Occupation
Inbound links: 1
Stars: 🟊🟊🟊🟊🟊 280 views
Saved: 6 May 2022
Touched: 6 May 2022
Watch List: 1
Project:
Background_I_Occupation-1.jpg
Background_I_Occupation-3.jpg
Photos-2-5.jpg
Background_I_Occupation-5.jpg
Background_I_Occupation.png
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Background_I_Occupation-1.png
Background_I_Occupation-2.jpg
Background I/Scottish
Inbound links: 4
Stars: 🟊🟊🟊🟊🟊 173 views
Saved: 29 Jun 2016
Touched: 29 Jun 2016
Watch List: 1
Project:
Background_I-20.jpg
Background_I-25.jpg
Background_I-31.jpg
Background_I-41.jpg
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Background I/Swedish
Inbound links: 1
Stars: 🟊🟊🟊🟊🟊 140 views
Saved: 29 Jun 2016
Touched: 29 Jun 2016
Watch List: 1
Project:
Background_I-1.jpg
Photos-2-11.jpg
Background_I-10.jpg
Background_I-15.jpg
Background_I_Swedish-4.jpg
Background_I-14.jpg
Background Image
Inbound links: 0
Stars: 🟊🟊🟊🟊🟊 18 views
Saved: 19 Mar 2019
Touched: 19 Mar 2019
Watch List: 1
Project:
Background_Image.jpg
Background Image Folder
Inbound links: 0
Stars: 🟊🟊🟊🟊🟊 35 views
Saved: 11 Mar 2016
Touched: 11 Mar 2016
Watch List: 1
Project:
Background_Image_Folder-2.jpg
Background_Image_Folder.gif
Background_Image_Folder-7.jpg
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Background_Image_Folder.png
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Background_Image_Folder-3.jpg
Background image practice
Inbound links: 0
Stars: 🟊🟊🟊🟊🟊 32 views
Saved: 24 Mar 2021
Touched: 24 Mar 2021
Watch List: 1
Project:
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Background_image_practice.jpg
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Background Images Used by Chandra
Inbound links: 0
Stars: 🟊🟊🟊🟊🟊 16 views
Saved: 25 Feb 2022
Touched: 25 Feb 2022
Watch List: 1
Project:
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Background information on Coal Mining
Inbound links: 1
Stars: 🟊🟊🟊🟊🟊 39 views
Saved: 26 May 2021
Touched: 26 May 2021
Watch List: 1
Project:
Background photo of caversham, england
Inbound links: 0
Stars: 🟊🟊🟊🟊🟊 45 views
Saved: 26 Jan 2016
Touched: 26 Jan 2016
Watch List: 1
Project:
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Background photos and Images
Inbound links: 1
Stars: 🟊🟊🟊🟊🟊 697 views
Saved: 18 May 2019
Touched: 3 Dec 2019
Watch List: 1
Project:
Background textures
Inbound links: 0
Stars: 🟊🟊🟊🟊🟊 81 views
Saved: 25 Oct 2021
Touched: 25 Oct 2021
Watch List: 1
Project:
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Backgrounds
Inbound links: 0
Stars: 🟊🟊🟊🟊🟊 96 views
Saved: 9 Oct 2013
Touched: 9 Oct 2013
Watch List: 0
Project:
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Backgrounds.jpg
Backgrounds and Images
Inbound links: 0
Stars: 🟊🟊🟊🟊🟊 12 views
Saved: 24 Mar 2022
Touched: 15 Apr 2022
Watch List: 1
Project:
Backgrounds_and_Images.jpg
Backgrounds and pictures
Inbound links: 0
Stars: 🟊🟊🟊🟊🟊 67 views
Saved: 31 May 2018
Touched: 31 May 2018
Watch List: 1
Project:
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Backgrounds_and_pictures.png
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Backgrounds by Scott
Inbound links: 0
Stars: 🟊🟊🟊🟊🟊 15 views
Saved: 25 Mar 2021
Touched: 25 Mar 2021
Watch List: 1
Project:
Genealogy_Tools-74.jpg
Backhouse family from Suffolk, UK
Inbound links: 0
Stars: 🟊🟊🟊🟊🟊 38 views
Saved: 9 Mar 2017
Touched: 9 Mar 2017
Watch List: 6
Project:
Backup of Karl Weiler Schwenningen Docs
Inbound links: 0
Stars: 🟊🟊🟊🟊🟊 18 views
Saved: 8 Jan 2023
Touched: 8 Jan 2023
Watch List: 1
Project:
Bacone College
Inbound links: 16
Stars: 🟊🟊🟊🟊🟊 123 views
Saved: 19 Oct 2023
Touched: 19 Oct 2023
Watch List: 1
Project:
Bacone_College.jpg
Bacone_College.png
* 1935-1938 [[McIntosh-8018|Alexander C McIntosh "Acee Blue Eagle" (1909-1959)]] * 1938-1941/1943-1945 [[Crumbo-3|Woodrow Wilson "Woody" Crumbo (1912-1989)]] * 1947-1970/1979-1986 [[West-16242|Walter Richard "Dick" West (1912-1996)]] * 1971-1976 [[Saul-986|Carl Terry Saul (1921-1976)]] * 1979-2010 Ruthe Blalock Jones * 2010-2014 Tony Tiger * 2018-2021 Gerald Cournoyer * 2021 Michael Elizondo Jr. ---- == Notable Alumni/ae == * [[Beaver-3621|Fred Beaver (1911-1980)]] * [[Medicine_Crow-2|Joseph Medicine Crow (1913-2016)]] * [[Dick-1081|Cecil Roy Dick (1915-1992)]] * [[Gilcrease-60|William Thomas Gilcrease (1890-1962)]] * [[Gritts-8|Franklin Gritts (1914-1996)]] * [[Haney-2863|Enoch Kelly Haney (1940-2022)]] * [[Hill-59239|Joan Cheasquah Hill (1930-2020)]] * [[Hurley-1118|Patrick Jay Hurley (1883-1963)]] * [[Montgomery-19049|Jack Cleveland Montgomery (1917-2002)]] * [[Posey-2636|Alexander Lawrence Posey (1873-1908)]] * [[Stone-27316|Jess Willard Stone (1916-1985)]] ---- == Sources == * Oklahoma Historical Society, The Encyclopedia of Oklahoma History and Culture: ** [https://www.okhistory.org/publications/enc/entry?entry=BA004 Bacone College] ** [https://www.okhistory.org/publications/enc/entry?entry=BA006 Bacone, Almon Clematus (1830–1896)] ** [https://www.okhistory.org/publications/enc/entry.php?entry=MU018 Muskogee] * Crum, Steven J. The "Rise and Fall" of Indian Colleges in Indian Territory: Indian University, Henry Kendall College, and Other Colleges, 1880-1907, article, Spring 2015; Oklahoma City, Oklahoma. (https://gateway.okhistory.org/ark:/67531/metadc2017367/: accessed October 15, 2023), The Gateway to Oklahoma History, https://gateway.okhistory.org; crediting Oklahoma Historical Society. * University of Arkansas Libraries: [https://libraries.uark.edu/exhibits/gallery.php?ExhibitID=46 Raising the Standard for Indian Art: The Legacy of Bacone College]
Bacon's Castle Virginia
Inbound links: 1
Stars: 🟊🟊🟊🟊🟊 900 views
Saved: 11 Dec 2013
Touched: 11 Dec 2013
Watch List: 1
Project:
Bacon_s_Castle_Virginia.jpg
Bacton
Inbound links: 1
Stars: 🟊🟊🟊🟊🟊 28 views
Saved: 11 Mar 2018
Touched: 3 Dec 2019
Watch List: 1
Project:
Bacton.jpg
Badge
Inbound links: 0
Stars: 🟊🟊🟊🟊🟊 6 views
Saved: 10 Nov 2020
Touched: 10 Nov 2020
Watch List: 1
Project:
Badge/Tags Redesign
Inbound links: 0
Stars: 🟊🟊🟊🟊🟊 81 views
Saved: 9 Jun 2020
Touched: 9 Jun 2020
Watch List: 1
Project:
Badge_Tags_Redesign.jpg
Badgerow
Inbound links: 0
Stars: 🟊🟊🟊🟊🟊 94 views
Saved: 15 Jun 2017
Touched: 15 Jun 2017
Watch List: 1
Project:
Badges 20200401
Inbound links: 1
Stars: 🟊🟊🟊🟊🟊 790 views
Saved: 5 Jun 2022
Touched: 31 May 2023
Watch List: 2
Project:
Badges_20200401-16.png
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. . . Ooooh, Look!''' |label=Squirrel with a hoard of shiny gems instead of nuts. Includes the words "Collects Shiny Things". }}Suggested size is 225, with the alignment to the right (|size=225|align=r), which makes the "badge" a little narrower than sticker width. So, for the "Collector of Shiny things" it would be :
. . . Ooooh, Look!''' |label=Squirrel with a hoard of shiny gems instead of nuts. Includes the words "Collects Shiny Things". }}
Inspired by [https://www.wikitree.com/g2g/1213664/what-do-you-think-about-the-new-profile-badges?show=1214026#a1214026 a comment] by [[Neff-1845|Rob Neff]]. |label=Skeleton's head and shoulders, with chin on hand, and the words "Genealogists: We See Dead People" above and to either side. (Inspired by the g2g comment by Rob Neff (Neff-1845).) }} *
Inspired by [https://www.wikitree.com/g2g/1213664/what-do-you-think-about-the-new-profile-badges?show=1214026#a1214026 a comment] by [[Neff-1845|Rob Neff]]. |label=Skeleton's head and shoulders, with chin on hand, and the words "Genealogists: We See Dead People" above and to either side. (Inspired by the g2g comment by Rob Neff (Neff-1845).) }}
(Inspired by [https://www.wikitree.com/g2g/1213664/what-do-you-think-about-the-new-profile-badges?show=1214411#a1214411 the g2g comment] by [[Liard-1|Danielle Liard]].) |label=Rabbit sees Squirrel with all the Shiny Things, and lust is born in his heart. Rabbit sneaks up on Squirrel, rushes in and grabs a shiny red gem, then runs away, lickety-split. And he runs, and runs, and runs, until - finally - he gets back to his Rabbit Hole and gives the Shiny Thing to Mrs Rabbit, who Writes it up with Proper Citation. The End. (Inspired by the g2g comment by Danielle Liard (Liard-1).) }} *
(Inspired by [https://www.wikitree.com/g2g/1213664/what-do-you-think-about-the-new-profile-badges?show=1214411#a1214411 the g2g comment] by [[Liard-1|Danielle Liard]].) |label=Rabbit sees Squirrel with all the Shiny Things, and lust is born in his heart. Rabbit sneaks up on Squirrel, rushes in and grabs a shiny red gem, then runs away, lickety-split. And he runs, and runs, and runs, until - finally - he gets back to his Rabbit Hole and gives the Shiny Thing to Mrs Rabbit, who Writes it up with Proper Citation. The End. }}
aka I'm old, what's your excuse? |label=Car needs washing; junk mail needs to be thrown out; trash can is overflowing; tv remote is in the wrong room, flowers need watering; can't find my spectacles. Nothing got done today, but I've been busy all day, barely stopped moving even to get a drink. I am so tired. (Flowers and watering can in one corner; dirty car opposite; junk mail has fallen to the floor, trash can is still overflowing. Person has collapsed onto a chair in front of the tv, with zzzz above head, and spectacles in one hand. (Where did I put that ...? What was I doing? I need to . . . Why did I come in here?) }} *
aka I'm old, what's your excuse? |label=Car needs washing; junk mail needs to be thrown out; trash can is overflowing; tv remote is in the wrong room, flowers need watering; can't find my spectacles. Nothing got done today, but I've been busy all day, barely stopped moving even to get a drink. I am so tired. (Flowers and watering can in one corner; dirty car opposite; junk mail has fallen to the floor, trash can is still overflowing. Person has collapsed onto a chair in front of the tv, with zzzz above head, and spectacles in one hand. (Where did I put that ...? What was I doing? I need to . . . Why did I come in here?) }}
Inspired by g2g posts by [[Gordon-4080|Gaile Connolly]] and [[Smith-32867|Jilaine Smith]]. |label=An American Bald Eagle, with ruffled head feathers, has the words "Member of the Ruffled Feathers Club" surrounding it. (Inspired by g2g posts by Gaile Connolly (Gordon-4080) and Jilaine Smith (Smith-32867). }} *
Inspired by g2g posts by [[Gordon-4080|Gaile Connolly]] and [[Smith-32867|Jilaine Smith]]. |label=An American Bald Eagle, with ruffled head feathers, has the words "Member of the Ruffled Feathers Club" surrounding it. (Inspired by g2g posts by Gaile Connolly (Gordon-4080) and Jilaine Smith (Smith-32867). }}
(Inspired by [[Gordon-4080|Gaile Connolly]]) |label=A pair of dark-tan coloured pantyhose, with a label stating "Queen Size", is 'wearing' a crown, and is surrounded by the words "Royal At Last Presenting her Royal Majesty Queen Pantyhose". (Inspired by Gaile Connolly (Gordon-4080).) }} *
(Inspired by [[Gordon-4080|Gaile Connolly]]) |label=A pair of dark-tan coloured pantyhose, with a label stating "Queen Size", is 'wearing' a crown, and is surrounded by the words "Royal At Last Presenting her Royal Majesty Queen Pantyhose". (Inspired by Gaile Connolly (Gordon-4080).) }}
(inspired by an email conversation with [[Leger-741|Loretta Corbin]].) |label=Cartoonish bloodshot eyes, fingers pulling corners of mouth, tongue poking out (going "lalalala"), with the words "Gone Loopy. (researcher's dilemma)" indicating the family genealogist who has just gone without sleep for two or three days, hunting down that "just one more" link, or source, or reference. (inspired by an email conversation with Loretta Corbin (Leger-741).) }} *
(inspired by an email conversation with [[Leger-741|Loretta Corbin]].) |label=Cartoonish bloodshot eyes, fingers pulling corners of mouth, tongue poking out (going "lalalala"), with the words "Gone Loopy. (researcher's dilemma)" indicating the family genealogist who has just gone without sleep for two or three days, hunting down that "just one more" link, or source, or reference. (inspired by an email conversation with Loretta Corbin (Leger-741).) }}
(inspired by an email conversation with [[Leger-741|Loretta Corbin]].) |label=A badger on the left is saying "Badgers? We don't need no stinkin' badgers!"; while another badger on the right is saying "You doofus! That's BADGES!" — Dedicated to those among us who do not understand the desire of those others among us who like to collect badges (and other profile "bling"). (inspired by an email conversation with Loretta Corbin (Leger-741).) }} *
(inspired by an email conversation with [[Leger-741|Loretta Corbin]].) |label=A badger on the left is saying "Badgers? We don't need no stinkin' badgers!"; while another badger on the right is saying "You doofus! That's BADGES!" — Dedicated to those among us who do not understand the desire of those others among us who like to collect badges (and other profile "bling"). (inspired by an email conversation with Loretta Corbin (Leger-741).) }}
(inspired by an email conversation with [[Leger-741|Loretta Corbin]].) |label=A small, Happy, Imp is lovingly feeding flowers to an Art Bug. It is clearly an Art Bug because it has paint palettes in place of normal wings, and brush heads for antennae — and it has paintbrushes on the leaf where it sits eating a flower. Art Bug has already started chomping on the flower it holds, because there is a bitten petal still partially hanging from its mouth. The Imp is clearly Happy, as it has a heart-shaped mouth, and its heart is visible on its chest. There are also several hearts floating across towards Art Bug. }} *
(inspired by an email conversation with [[Leger-741|Loretta Corbin]].) |label=A small, Happy, Imp is lovingly feeding flowers to an Art Bug. It is clearly an Art Bug because it has paint palettes in place of normal wings, and brush heads for antennae — and it has paintbrushes on the leaf where it sits eating a flower. Art Bug has already started chomping on the flower it holds, because there is a bitten petal still partially hanging from its mouth. The Imp is clearly Happy, as it has a heart-shaped mouth, and its heart is visible on its chest. There are also several hearts floating across towards Art Bug. (inspired by an email conversation with Loretta Corbin (Leger-741).) }}
{{clear}}'''Recently, I was diagnosed with A.A.A.D.D:''' '''This is how it manifests:''' I decided to wash my car. As I start toward the garage, I notice that there is mail on the hall table. I decide to go through the mail before I wash the car. I lay my car keys down on the table, put the junk mail in the trash can under the table, and notice that the trash can is full. So, I decide to put the bills back on the table and take out the trash first. But then I think, since I'm going to be near the mailbox when I take out the trash anyway, I may as well pay the bills first. I take my checkbook off the table and see that there is only one check left. My extra checks are in my desk in the study, so I go to my desk where I find the can of Coke that I had been drinking. I'm going to look for my checks, but first I need to push the Coke aside so that I don't accidentally knock it over. I see that the Coke is getting warm, and I decide I should put it in the refrigerator to keep it cold. As I head toward the kitchen with the coke, a vase of flowers on the counter catches my eye--they need to be watered. I set the Coke down on the counter, and I discovered my reading glasses that I've been searching for all morning. I decided I better put them back on my desk, but first I'm going to water the flowers. I set the glasses back down on the counter, fill a container with water and suddenly I spot the TV remote. Someone left it on the kitchen table. I realize that tonight when we go to watch TV, we will be looking for the remote, but nobody will remember that it's on the kitchen table, so I decide to put it back in the den where it belongs, but first I'll water the flowers. I splash some water on the flowers, but most of it spills on the floor. So, I set the remote back down on the table, get some towels and wipe up the spill. Then I head down the hall trying to remember what I was planning to do. At the end of the day: the car isn't washed, the bills aren't paid, there is a warm can of Coke sitting on the counter, the flowers aren't watered, there is still only one check in my checkbook, I can't find the remote, I can't find my glasses, and I don't remember what I did with the car keys. Then when I try to figure out why nothing got done today, I'm really baffled because I know I was busy all day long, and I'm really tired. I realize this is a serious problem, and I'll try to get some help for it, but first I'll check my e-mail. Do me a favor, will you? Forward this message to everyone you know, because I don't remember to whom it has been sent. P.S. The darned keys were in the refrigerator -- I have no idea how they got there.
'''Age Activated Attention Deficit Disorder.'''
Badingham
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Badley
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Baggett Roots
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BAH HUMBUG
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Bahamas DNA Project Direct Maternal Lines in mitoYDNA
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Bahamas DNA Project Direct Paternal Lines in mitoYDNA
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Bahamas DNA Project X-DNA Lines in GEDmatch
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Bahamas genealogy project
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Baileyville - Supplemental Information
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Nathaniel Bayley, the first settler of Baileyville, was born in Newbury, Massachusetts, in 1740. He was the son of Deacon Edmund Bayley and his second wife, Abigail Bartlett, whom he married in 1739. Nathaniel was the first son of this marriage of Deacon Edmund. Nathaniel’s father died in 1801 in Newbury, after surviving three wives and at the age of 91 years.== Sources ==
The Deacon was the 5th generation grandson of a John Bayley, who, after leaving his wife and most of his family in England, sailed to America with his son, John Jr. Their ship was dashed to pieces at Pemaquid Point, Maine, in “the great storm of August 15, 1635” (Hurricane ?). As the eye of the storm passed over with its void, most of the shipwrecked survivors were able to stumble their way to shore over the ledges of that long rocky point. After this frightening experience, John refused to cross the ocean again, and his wife refused to follow him here. John settled in Newbury, Massachusetts. This was during the first year of its settlement in 1635.
After two years in town, John Sr. plunged into the virgin forest to the northwest to build his solitary cabin on the other side of the Merrimac River, near the mouth of the Pow Wow. The area later became Salisbury, Massachusetts, and the knoll where John settled was called Bailey Hill. He was one of the first settlers of Salisbury, and a pioneer on the frontier of civilization north of the Merrimac.
This stubborn pioneering spirit was apparently still in Bayley blood when the immigrant John’s sixth generation grandson, Nathaniel Bayley (1740), who had also lived in Newbury, plunged into the deep unsettled forests of Bakerstown, Maine. He took his wife and three children with him (one a small baby). All local historical references agree that Nathaniel Bayley (1740) was the first settler of Bakerstown Plantation in 1768. This area later became Minot and Poland, Maine.
Nathaniel had been hired in Newbury in 1767 to help survey the new township of Bakerstown, so as to divide it into 100-acre lots, to be homesteaded for veterans of the French and Indian wars and their descendants. Nathaniel’s job was to act as axe-man and chain-man in the party. An axe-man cuts or notches trees so that a survey “sight” can be made and measured by the chain-man in lengths of chains 66 feet long. The survey party all returned to Newbury the next winter, but the following spring Nathaniel Bayley was again back with his wife, Martha Emery, whom he married in 1761, to settle in the town he had helped survey.
Within a year or so, Martha’s cousin, Moses Emery, followed Nathaniel and settled nearby in a cabin he built on the Little Androscoggin River. Nathaniel’s brothers, Edmund and Thomas, also followed. Moses Emery, Edmund, and Thomas Bayley all stayed in Bakerstown (Minot) and records show their succeeding generations become citizens of note there. Early Bakerstown town records indicate that Nathaniel Bayley (1740) did odd jobs for the town, such as cutting trees, road work, and warning settlers not to cut timber without authorization. In 1776, Nathaniel (1740), along with most other men of the town, signed a manifesto pledging money and manpower in the prosecution of the rebellion against England.
Pioneering Nathaniel Bayley (1740) showed up next officially in New Brunswick, Canada, around 1782 or 1783. At that time, the province was part of Nova Scotia, and had been advertising in New England and New York that homestead grants were available for the colonists – appealing to the loyalists, in particular. Nathaniel actually received his grant in St. Andrews, N.B., in August 1784. Most of the grantees at that time were from a loyalist (to England) settlement at Castine, on the Penobscot River in Maine, called “New Ireland”. It was sponsored and fortified by the English as their oasis, even though it was in Maine, in 1779; but they abandoned their sponsorship after the 1783 Peace Treaty was signed.
Whether Nathaniel was a member of this Penobscot Association is not clear, but there are indications that he, at least, knew of its plan to migrate to St. Andrews, N.B., to receive grants on the other side of the Schoodic River outside the reach of the patriots. Previous to receiving his St. Andrews grant, however, he had also obtained a grant from Nova Scotia a few miles up the Schoodic River on the waterfront in St. Stephen, N.B. This would indicate he did not migrate to St. Andrews with the Penobscot loyalists in August 1784, but, rather, had picked up the second grant there at the time of their official arrival. The Registrar of Deeds at St. Andrews recently told the writer that anyone who applied could have a grant there, whether he was from Penobscot (New Ireland) or not. Nathaniel’s move to New Brunswick was probably economic, not political – he had previously signed the Bakerstown manifesto supporting the fight against England. On the other hand, many loyalists in later years did shift their allegiance to England after a similar signing previously.
Nathaniel’s grant in the town of St. Stephen was on the Schoodic River (lot no. 128). It was on the east bank, opposite the farm of Jonas Dyer in Calais on the Maine bank. Nathaniel never lived there, but went to St. Andrews in 1783 as a squatter at St. Andrews point, where he stayed until his 1784 grant was obtained. Isaac T. Bailey, older son of Nathaniel (1740) did live on the St. Stephen grant until 1799, when he sold it to Jonas Dyer. Isaac T. was engaged in sawmill ventures on nearby Denny’s Stream during the 1790s with some of the Spragues (see deeds image).
When the Treaty of Peace with England was signed in 1783, St. Andrews began filling up rapidly with loyalists. By January 1784, 60 houses already were built in the town – by May, 90 houses – and in December 1784, the total was 250 houses with 1,000 people. It is even claimed that by 1788, this new town of a few years had a population of 3,000, and was already shipping lumber from its saw mills.
This fantastic growth evidently did not sit well with Nathaniel. His urge for more solitude and new frontiers had caught up with him again. He sold his grant and his farm on April 7 “in the 26th year of the reign of King George, the 3rd, Sovereign of Great Britain” (7 Apr 1786) and left for Calais, Maine, eight miles up the Schoodic on the Maine side. It was a new town of five years, with only a dozen families or so. His deed of sale for this St. Andrews property is in Book 1, pages 71 and 72, Deed No. 35, at the Charlotte County deed office in that town. The sale price was £60 in Halifax currency. Nathaniel’s brothers, Edmund (1741) and Samuel (1742) and Thomas (1746) also had grants from New Brunswick in the parish of St. Stephen. They continued to live in Bakerstown Plantation (by now set off as Minot and Poland); their grants never were homesteaded, so New Brunswick reclaimed them.
Esther Clark Wright of Nova Scotia, noted author of several books on the loyalists’ migration to Canada, has supplied information indicating that Nathaniel Bayley, born in Newbury, Massachusetts, in 1740, and his wife, Martha Emery, had the following children living with him in St. Andrews, N.B., in 1785: Martha, Sally (Sarah), Isaac Titcomb, Matthew, Lydia, Nathaniel (1773), Samuel, Abigail, Josiah and Elizabeth. The “Elizabeth”, as listed, was actually a baby girl less than a year old from a Chettis family who had lived in St. Andrews a very short time. Her father, John, was a carpenter in England. He came over the Atlantic on a ship that had a crew ordered to cut long straight pines for the British Navy masts. The family lived in a cabin near the wharves of St. Andrews, where the ship had docked in 1784. John Chettis hoped to gain employment by building cabins and houses in the rapidly growing town.
Due to a series of mishaps, the father died and the family in their shock were starving to death when friendly Indians gave them food and shelter. Meanwhile, the lumber ships had suddenly sailed away and the Chettis family were stranded with no funds. In the midst of all this, baby Elizabeth was born. Mother Chettis worked until she had sufficient money to return to England in another ship, but the new baby was still too young and weak to face the Atlantic. So Martha (Emery), Nathaniel’s wife, offered to care for the baby until Mother Chettis could arrange to have her returned to England. The mother and her other children were never heard from again, in spite of later efforts to locate her. They probably perished at sea.
Elizabeth was raised by her foster parents, the Nathaniel Bayleys, until she was around 12 years old. She was still in the family when they went to Baileyville and stayed there until her father was killed by an Indian in 1796. Then she was transferred t the Abial Sprague family, nearby neighbors at Sprague’s Falls. Moses Bonney, an early settler in the Schoodic region, who often stayed during the log-driving season with his cousin, Eli Sprague, at Sprague’s Falls, Baileyville, courted and married Elizabeth in 1801.
In Calais, after he came from St. Andrews, N.B., in 1786, Nathaniel Bayley apparently lived as a squatter about one mile south of the town’s center. Nearby were the farms of Daniel Bohanon, William Hill and the Nobles. Daniel Hill, a former member of “Rogers Rangers”, was the first white settler in Calais in 1779. He had come from Machias, where he was among the first group of 16 settlers to arrive in Captain Buck’s boat (1763). John Bohanon, a brother of Daniel Bohanon, had settled in the center of Calais, and he later was to become the first settler in nearby Alexander. Abial Sprague No. 2, with his sons, Abial No. 3 and Eli, also came from Machias, where his father had been in that first group to settle there. They, along with Nathaniel Bayley, were to become the first settlers in Baileyville. There were other settlers in Calais, not mentioned here, that had also been settlers in other early towns in Washington County.
Calais, in the 1780s, could well have been called a town of experienced frontier-building pioneers. They all were farmers and lumbermen – a combination essential for one to survive in the Schoodic region.
Some of the early settlers of the Calais-St. Stephen region were already involved in speculative interest in sawmills in the 1790s. Most of these were either on Denny’s Stream at the the southern end of St. Stephen, or on Mohannes Stream on the northern end. Albert W. Bailey, ''Early Baileyville Maine and its Pioneers'' (Calais Advertiser Press, Calais ME, 1972, 100 pages), pp. 20-22Note: A list of excerpts from some of their deeds has been attached to this free space profile as an image.
Bailieborough through the eyes of j Stewart
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Bailor family
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Bain family murders
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Baines of Wyersdale, Lancashire, England
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Baione Hennessey Genealogy Records
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Baker Census Records
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1920 Census
Place: Bloomington Ward 3, Monroe, Indiana; Roll: T625_457; Page: 9A; Enumeration District: 182; Image: 1060 341 South Davidson Street (owned with a mortgage)
Some information omitted to save space
Surname | Given Name | Relationship | Sex | Race | Age | Est Birth Year | Marital Status | Birthplace | Father's Birthplace | Mother's Birthplace | Occupation | Industry |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Pate | Robert E | Head | Male | White | 44 | 1876 | Married | Indiana | Germany | United States | Timber Cutter | Lumber Co |
Pate | Margaret E | Wife | Female | White | 51 | 1869 | Married | Indiana | Kentucky | Indiana | Laundress | Own Home |
Pate | George H | Son | Male | White | 25 | 1895 | Single | Indiana | Indiana | Indiana | None | |
Pate | William T | Son | Male | White | 18 | 1902 | Single | Indiana | Indiana | Indiana | Laborer | Furniture Factory |
Pate | Johnnie C | Son | Male | White | 16 | 1904 | Single | Indiana | Indiana | Indiana | Timber Cutter | Lumber Co |
Pate | Willie E | Son | Male | White | 14 | 1906 | Single | Indiana | Indiana | Indiana | School | |
Pate | Ola B | Daughter | Female | White | 12 | 1908 | Single | Indiana | Indiana | Indiana | School | |
Pate | James R | Son | Male | White | 8 | 1912 | Single | Indiana | Indiana | Indiana | School | |
Heddrick | Sarah E | Daughter | Female | White | 28 | 1892 | Married | Indiana | Indiana | Indiana | Cabinet-Maker | Furniture Factory |
Heddrick | Thomas L | Grandson | Male | White | 6 | 1914 | Single | Indiana | Indiana | Indiana | School | |
Heddrick | Mary E | Granddaughter | Female | White | 4 | 1916 | Single | Indiana | Indiana | Indiana | ||
Heddrick | William H | Grandson | Male | White | 1 | 1919 | Single | Indiana | Indiana | Indiana | ||
Mayfield | Daniel | Cousin | Male | White | 46 | 1874 | Single | Kansas | United States | United States | None |
1930 Census
Place: Bloomington, Monroe, Indiana; Roll: 619; Page: 18A; Enumeration District: 0006; Image: 161.0; FHL microfilm: 2340354 1014 West Howe Street (Owned: value $2000)
Grover Chandler is a veteran of WWI
Some information omitted to save space
Surname | Given Name | Relation to Head | Gender | Race | Age | Est Birth Year | Marital Status | Age at 1st Marriage | Birthplace | Father's Birthplace | Mother's Birthplace | Occupation | Industry |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Chandler | Grover | Head | Male | White | 37 | 1893 | Married | 17 | Indiana | Indiana | Indiana | Store Room | Dept R R |
Chandler | Elta | Wife | Female | White | 37 | 1893 | Married | 17 | Indiana | Indiana | Indiana | None | |
Chandler | Frank | Son | Male | White | 15 | 1915 | Single | Indiana | Indiana | Indiana | School | ||
Chandler | Mary | Daughter | Female | White | 16 | 1914 | Single | Indiana | Indiana | Indiana | None | ||
Chandler | William H | Son | Male | White | 11 | 1919 | Single | Indiana | Indiana | Indiana | School | ||
Chandler | Annabell | Daughter | Female | White | 5 | 1925 | Single | Indiana | Indiana | Indiana | None |
Place: Bloomington, Monroe, Indiana; Roll: T627_1079; Page: 62A; Enumeration District: 53-4
Renting at 803 East 13th Street
Some information omitted to save space
Surname | Given Name | Relation to Head | Gender | Race | Age | Est Birth Year | Marital Status | Attended School or College | Highest Grade Completed | Birthplace | Occupation | Industry | Income |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Baker | Burton | Head | Male | White | 29 | 1911 | Married | No | Elementary school, 8th grade | Indiana | Laborer | Stone Co | 520 |
Baker | Mary | Wife | Female | White | 25 | 1915 | Married | No | Elementary school, 8th grade | Indiana | |||
Baker | Marcie | Daughter | Female | White | 4 | 1936 | Single | No | None | Indiana | |||
Baker | Max | Son | Male | White | 6 | 1934 | Single | No | None | Indiana |
Baker Family Bibliography
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Baker Family Documents
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Baker Family Mysteries
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Baker Family Mysteries-2
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Baker Family Photographs
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Bakers Union Local 37
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Bakkerij
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Baldenheim, Bas-Rhin, Alsace, France
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Baldock & Oldham Family Grave
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Baldock Oldham Family Grave
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Baldridge Chronologies of Documents, Sources, and Evidence
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Baldridge_Chronologies_of_Documents_Sources_and_Evidence.pdf
Baldwin family Sources
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Baldwin Name Study Info
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Baldwin Street New Chapel - baptism index
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Baldwin Street New Chapel - burial index
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Baldwyn(Baldwin)
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Baler Rolls Family Signature
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BalfourDocuments
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Baliol, Balliol
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Ball Family
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BALL in North America
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[[Ball-2073|Thomas Ball]] 1687 mar [[Davis-9700|Sarah Davis]]
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[[Ball-2034|Moses Ball]] 1735 mar [[Dalgleish-10|Lucretia Dalgleish]]
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[[Ball-2028|Jonathan Ball]] 1759 mar [[Styles-237|Mary Styles]]
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[[Ball-2111|William Stiles Ball]] 1784 Canada mar [[Harvey-1680|Marcey Harvey]]
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[[Ball-2103|Lucius Styles Ball]] 1814 Canada mar [[Bingham_Ball-1|Maria Bingham Ball]]
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[[Ball-2010|William Charles Ball]] 1852 mar [[Wood-18153|Emma Wood]]
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[[Ball-1994|William Hudson Ball]] 1893 mar private wife
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[[Ball-2044|William Hudson Ball Jr "Bill"]]
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William Hudson Ball III (Chip) The "Five Brothers Myth" - these brothers created Ball Jar Corporation and donated Ball State University in Muncie, Indiana, USA.
Ball Name Study Info
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Ball Surname in 1881 census
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Ballard Heraldry
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Ballard-Lutrell Family Mysteries
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Ballew Ballon (Ballew's golden ball)
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Ballinaglough Townland
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Ballinamona, Tipperary
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Ballingstorpsgården
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Bällsta, Vallentuna
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Ballycrenode Townland
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Ballycullane Townland, Tintern Parish, County Wexford
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Ballyisland Townland
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Ballymacegan House
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Ballyroberts townland, Templebodan Civil Parish, Barony of Barrymore, County Cork, Ireland
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Ballyvanran Townland
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Balson-65-Will
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Baltimore Browns
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Baltimore County
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Baltimore County Land Records-Campbell
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'''Records'''
'''1696-1797''' |-bgcolor="#cccccc" |Liber||Folio||Grantor||Grantee||Date of Record||Comments| |- |HS||518||Edward Jones||John Campbell||1696||100 acres of land called "Leafes Chance" |- |HS||563||John Campbell (Elinor his wife)||Thomas Burton||1707||100 acres called "Vineyard" |- |HS||625||John Campbell||John Ewing||1708||48 acres known as "Campbell's Island" |- |A||70||John Campbell||James and Phyllis Campbell (Possibly from Cecil County, MD??) and Ruth Robinson||1708||All of "Campbell's Adventure" at the head of Bush River |- |A||71||John Campbell||Elinor Campbell||1708||200 acres of "Mulberry Point" in Baltimore City at head of Gunpowder River |- |A||222||Elinore Campbell||John Roberts (her son)||1713||Half of 200 acre tract of "Mulberry Point" |- |C||365||Joseph Ward||Daniel Campbell||1742||Paying the debt he owed |- |O||703||William Petticoat||Duncan Campbell and John Stewart (of London, England)||1765||303 acres of "Petticoat's Banter" |- |AL C||318||John Campbell and Francis, his wife (Anne Arundel Co, MD)||Isaac Hammond||1770||155 acres of "Campbell's Search" |- |AL O||260||George Campbell||Thomas Harvey||1776||70 acres of "Ellio Carroll" |- |CC||37||Henry Stauffer||James Campbell||1779||188 acres of "Stoney Ups and Downs" |- |U||210||Jonothan Hudson||Archibald Campbell and Uriah Forrest||1784||Lot No. 152 in town of Portland |- |W||479||Benjamin Lamming||Archibald Campbell||1785||Lot in Baltimore Town |- |Z||480||Samuel Purviance||Archibald Campbell||1786||Fells Point Lot in Baltimore Town |- |EE||66||John Boyd||Archibald Campbell||1789||Lot No. 1 of 8 acres |- |EE||588||Walter Simpson||Robert Campbell||1790||Lot on W. side of public alley |- |FF||91||Archibald Campbell and Lavid Stewart||Isaac Solomon||1790||Land adjoining Lot No. 9 |- |NN||236||Robert Campbell||James Points||1794||Lot in Baltimore Town |- |NN||585||Robert Campbell||John McKinn||1794||Lot in Baltimore Town |- |RR||358||Archibald Campbell||John Stewart||1795|| |- |WW||151||Archibald Campbell||Joseph Sterrett||1796||Lot No. 62 in Baltimore Town |- |51||448||Daughters of James Campbell dec. (Mary Tracy, Elizabeth and Ann Campbell)||Sons of James Campbell dec. (John, Moses, Aaron, and Henry Campbell)||1797||Their right and title to all lands owned by James Campbell dec. |- {| border="3" cellpadding="4" |+'''Unpatented Certificates'''
'''S1213 [https://plats.msa.maryland.gov/pages/index.aspx Plats.net]'''
'''1688-1951''' |-bgcolor="#cccccc" |Grantee||Date of Grant||Name of Parcel||Acreage||Certificate No. |- |Aaron Campbell||Jun 6, 1809||Hobsons Choice||1/2 acres||#717 |- |James Campbell||Jan 8, 1802||Pleasant Valley||290 acres||#1279 |- {| border="3" cellpadding="4" |+'''Patented Certificates'''
'''S1190 [https://plats.msa.maryland.gov/pages/index.aspx Plats.net]'''
'''1704-1965''' |-bgcolor="#cccccc" |Grantee||Date of Grant||Name of Parcel||Acreage||Certificate No. |- |Aaron Campbell||Jun 17, 1808||Addition to Pleasant Valley||10 acres||#207 |- |Moses Campbell||Mar 28, 1804||Campbell's Trouble||50 acres||#914 |- |John Campbell||Sep 29, 1767||Campbell's Sarah||155 1/2 acres||#916 |- |Moses Campbell||Dec 27, 1803||Campbell's Chance||17 acres||#917 |- |Aaron Campbell||Oct 26, 1809||Campbell's Pursuit||130 acres||#918 |- |James Campbell||Feb 12, 1794||Hilly Run Reserved||197 1/2 acres||#2323 |- |Aaron Campbell||Jun 18, 1809||Jimmy and Satchel's Farm||14 1/4 acres||#2599 |- |Aaron Campbell||Jun 18, 1809||Jimmy's Ketch||30 1/2 acres||#2600 |- |Archibald Campbell||Jul 24, 1796||Leonard's Struggle||6 1/2 acres||#2844 |-
Baltimore County Probate-Campbell
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'''Campbell Records'''
'''1777 -1822''' |-bgcolor="#cccccc" |Book||Page||Testator||Executor||Date_of_Probate||Comments||Record |- |3||463||[[Campbell-48479|James Campbell ]]||James Shaw||Aug 10, 1777||James' mentions himself as "Commander of the Brig of War, Sturdy Beggar". This same James was married to Sarah Rutter of Cecil County, MD with one child. See his will in Cecil County MD as well. According to this will, he writes as if he's unmarried and leaves a few items to a "lover" named Susannah Murray.||[https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/3:1:33SQ-GTPM-26F?i=251&cc=1803986&cat=148279 Doc Image] |- |5||152||George Campbell||Joseph Steeal||Mar 10, 1794||Living in Baltimore Town at time of decease||[https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/3:1:33SQ-GTR3-S32N?i=85&cc=1803986&cat=148279 Doc Image] |- |5||272||William Campbell||Archibald Campbell (his father)||Jun 1, 1794||Leaves all his lands and items to father, Archibald||[https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/3:1:33SQ-GTR3-S32N?i=85&cc=1803986&cat=148279 Doc Image] |- |5||398||James Campbell||Moses (his son and William Matthews||Jul 30, 1796||Wife mentioned but not named, sons names are John, Moses, Aaron, Henry, and William. Daughter's names are Mary and Elizabeth||[https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/3:1:33SQ-GTR3-S3ZS?i=209&cc=1803986&cat=148279 Doc Image] |- |7||396||Archibald Campbell||James Hindman (brother-in-law)||Apr 18, 1805||wife Elizabeth and brother-in-law James Hindman||[https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/3:1:33SQ-GTRM-Q19?i=207&cc=1803986&cat=148279 Doc Image] |- |8||221||John Campbell||Joseph L. Millard||May 22, 1806||Boatswain on the ship "Rebecca". No wife or children mentioned||[https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/3:1:33SQ-GTRM-W5G?i=371&cc=1803986&cat=148279 Doc Image] |- |10||36||Moses Campbell||John Cross and Charles Give||Apr 24, 1815||Leaves all the tracts of land willed to him by his father to Aaron Campbell (relationship unknown)||[https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/3:1:33S7-9TR3-Z16?i=312&cc=1803986&cat=148279 Doc Image] |- |10||431||Elizabeth Campbell (widow to Archibald)||James Hindman (brother)||Jan 17, 1818||Daughters: Maria Ridgely, Elizabeth Goodwin, Sarah Campbell||[https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/3:1:33SQ-GTR3-CZJ?i=520&cc=1803986&cat=148279 Doc Image] |- |11||380||John Campbell (of Franklin County, PA)||Rev. Charles Karnes, William Hyser, and Patrick Campbell||Jan 19, 1822||Orders body to buried according to rights of the Catholic Church. Brother Patrick Campbell and sister Rose Gaffigan. Mother mentioned as living but not named.||[https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/3:1:33S7-9T5P-F66?i=207&cc=1803986&cat=148279 Doc Image]
Baltimore Gardiners
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Baltimore Methodist Bishops
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Baltrip Family History
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Baltyboys townlands Blessington civil parish county Wicklow
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Balzer Schonfelt
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Bamberger-113 sandbox
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Bancroft / Grimshaw Family Tree
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Bancroft settlers
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Bancrofts from Ohio to Oregon
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Bandy Name Study Info
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Banester pedigrees
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Banfield Family Mysteries
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Bånhus
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Currently, this page focuses on br.no. 135b, essentially as a very small-scale one place study.
===1865 Census=== '''Bånhus Household 1'''1865 census of Norway, Telemark County, district of Saude, taellingskreds [enumeration district] 7, Bostedets Navn [residence name] Baanhus; database, DigitalArkivet Censuses.Halvor Anundsen; age 30; b. Saude Prgj.; unmarried; farmer (owner)
[[Anundsen-18|Lars Anundsen]]; age 28; b. Saude Prgj.; lodger; unmarried; carpenter
[[Anundsen-17|Elef Anundsen]]; age 26; b. Saude Prgj.; unmarried; summons-man
'''Bånhus Household 2'''1865 census of Norway, Telemark County, district of Saude, taellingskreds [enumeration district] 7, Bostedets Navn [residence name] Baanhus; database, DigitalArkivet Censuses.
Hans Rollefsen; age 39; b. Saude Prgj.; lodger; unmarried; farm laborer
'''Bakken Household'''1865 census of Norway, Telemark County, district of Saude, taellingskreds [enumeration district] 7, Bostedets Navn [residence name] Bakken; database, DigitalArkivet Censuses
Svaanaug Rollefsdatter; age 72; b. Saude Prgj.; unmarried; cottier without land
Aslaug Rollefsdatter; age 67; b. Saude Prgj.; lodger; unmarried; day laborer
Ingebor Torjusdatter; age 50; b. Saude Prgj.; lodger; unmarried; day laborer
[[Tønnessen-69 | Tønnes Tønnessen]]; age 21; b. Saude Prgj.; lodger; unmarried; shoemaker
===1875 Census=== '''Baanhus Household'''1875 census of Norway, Telemark County, district of Saude, taellingskreds [enumeration district] 7, Bostedets Navn [residence name] Baanhus; database, DigitalArkivet CensusesHalvor Anundsen; b. 1836 in Saude Prgj.; head of household; married; farmer (owner)
Aslaug Halvorsdatter; b. 1848 in Saude Prgj.; his wife; married
Anund Halvorsen; b. 1870 in Saude Prgj.; son; unmarried
Anne Halvorsdatter; b. 1874 in Saude Prgj.; daughter; unmarried
Aslaug Aslaksdatter; b. 1858 in Saude Prgj.; maid; unmarried
[[Anundsen-18|Lars Anundsen]]; b. 1838 in Saude Prgj.; lodger; unmarried; carpenter
[[Anundsen-17|Elef Anundsen]]; b. 1840 in Saude Prgj.; lodger; unmarried; day laborer in agriculture
'''Bakken Household'''1875 census of Norway, Telemark County, district of Saude, taellingskreds [enumeration district] 7, Bostedets Navn [residence name] Bakken; database, DigitalArkivet Censuses
Aslaug Rollefsdatter; b. 1817 in Saude Prgj.; unmarried; feeds various day laborers
Svaanaug Rollefsdatter; b. 1803 in Saude Prgj.; unmarried; feeds the poor
===1891 Census=== '''Bånhus Household'''1891 census of Norway, Telemark County, district of Saude, taellingskreds [enumeration district] 7, Bostedets Navn [residence name] Bånhus; database, DigitalArkivet CensusesHalvor Anundsen; b. 1836 in Sauherad; head of household; married
Aslaug Halvorsdatter; b. 1848 in Sauherad; wife; married
Anund Halvorsen; b. 1870 in Sauherad; son; unmarried
Anne Halvorsdatter; b. 1874 in Sauherad; daughter; unmarried
Åsta Halvorsdatter; b. 1877 in Sauherad; daughter; unmarried
Aslaug Halvorsdatter; b. 1880 in Sauherad; daughter; unmarried
Halvor Halvorsen; b. 1884 in Sauherad; son; unmarried
Olav Halvorsen; b. 1889 in Sauherad; son; unmarried
===1900 Census=== '''Bånhus Household'''1900 census of Norway, Telemark County, district of Saude, taellingskreds [enumeration district] 7, Bostedets Navn [residence name] Baanhus; database, DigitalArkivet CensusesHalvor A. Baanhus; b. 1836 in Sauherad; head of household; married; farmer (owner)
Aslaug H. Baanhus; b. 1848 in Sauherad; wife; married; farmer's wife
Anund H. Baanhus; b. 1870 in Sauherad; son; unmarried; farmer and logger
Halvor H. Baanhus; b. 1884 in Sauherad; son; unmarried; farmer and logger
Olav H. Baanhus; b. 1889 in Sauherad; son; unmarried; farmer and logger
Aslaug H. Baanhus; b. 1881 in Sauherad; daughter; unmarried; housework
===1910 Census=== '''Baanhus, Holtan Household'''1910 census of Norway, Telemark County, district of Saude, taellingskreds [enumeration district] 7, Bostedets Navn [residence name] Baanhus, Holtan (gaard); database, DigitalArkivet CensusesAnund Halvorsen Baanhus; b. 15 Jul 1870 in Saude; head of household; unmarried; farmer
Aaste Halvorsdatter Baanhus; b. 12 Jul 1877 in Saude; unmarried; servant
Halvor Anundsen Baanhus; b. 26 Sep 1836 in Saude; widower; receiving føderåd
===Sources===BankhausAbrahamSchlesinger
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Banks
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Banks - Census Information
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Year: 1870; Census Place: Kingdom, Bibb, Alabama; Roll: M593_2; Page: 236B
{{Ancestry Sharing|2911696|7b22746f6b656e223a2266374f7773434273453255376878484e6e3469343069554e7333714c47355a43374550573868595348376b3d222c22746f6b656e5f76657273696f6e223a225632227d}} - {{Ancestry Record|7163|13300603}} (accessed 4 April 2023) and 1900 US Census'''1900 Census''': "1900 United States Federal Census", database with images
Year: 1900; Census Place: Kingdom, Bibb, Alabama; Roll: 2; Page: 9; Enumeration District: 0001; FHL microfilm: 1240002
{{Ancestry Sharing|2913344|7b22746f6b656e223a224530375773324c58525a2f6632726f61634d73443835645150555544525334564565456d777832473731673d222c22746f6b656e5f76657273696f6e223a225632227d}} - {{Ancestry Record|7602|77180301}} (accessed 4 April 2023) ==1870 US Census== '''Tom Banks and Family''' :Banks ::Catharine ::Randle ::Bar ::Trinky ::Willie ::Anna ::Binky '''Willis Banks and Family''' :Banks, Willis ::Catharine ::Monroe ::Raset (Roset) ::Magga ==1900 US Census== '''Marion Banks and Family''' :Banks, Marion ::Amanda B ::Hubbard L ::Fannie M ::Geneva ::John H '''George Banks and Family''' :Banks, George ::Peggy M ::Jason R ::Heywood ::Duke H ::David ::Pinkie ::Boscoe ::Luther ==Sources==
Bannerman Bible Page
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Bannister Books
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Bannister Family Cemetaries - England
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Bannister Family History
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Banse
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Banton and Carter in the Ninety Six Brigade
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Baptism
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Baptism and Census Records for Family of John and Jane Moon
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Baptism Record of McCann Children 1871-1874
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Baptisms, Sandtoft French Protestants
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Baptisms, Thorney French Protestants
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Baptisms in Cloga, Parish of Carrigeen Mooncoin, County Kilkenny, Ireland
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Baptisms in Durno witnessed by Forbes Robertson
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"William Diack in Durno had a Son born of his wife Catharine Hay on the 5th of August 1838. baptized on the 7th of said month and named William in the presence of Forbes Robertson and Alexander Mackie both in Durn." Baptism of Mary Wood Diack, 1840
"William Diack in How of Durno had a Daughter born of his wife Catharine Hay on the 15th of March 1840 baptized on the 17th of said month & named Mary Wood in the presence of John Hay and Forbes Robertson both in Durno." === Children of [[Diack-164|William Diack]] and Jean/Jane Stewart === Baptism of Jean Diack, 1838
"William Diack in Durno had a Daughter born of his wife Jean Stewart on the 22d of March 1838. baptized on the 14th of April and named Jean in the presence of James Murray and Forbes Robertson both in Durno." Baptism of Adam Diack, 1839
"William Diack in How of Durno had a Son born of his wife Jean Stewart on the 21st of December 1839, baptized on the 26th of said month, and named Adam in the presence of James Murray & Forbes Robertson both in Durno." Baptism of Anne Diack, 1941
"William Diack Shoemaker in How of Durno had a Daughter born of his wife Jean Stewart on the 24th of August 1841. baptized on the 11th of September and named Anne in the presence of James Murray and Forbes Robertson both in How of Durno." Baptism of William Diack, 1943
"William Diack in Durno had a Son born of his wife Jean Stewart on the 14th of May 1843. baptized on the 5th of June, and named William in the presence of Forbes Robertson, and James Murray both in Durno." Baptism of Christian Ronald Diack, 1947
"William Diack in Durno had a Daughter born of his wife Jean Stewart on the 15th of April 1847, baptized on the 14th of May and named Christian Ronald in the presence of Alexander Brownie and Forbes Robertson both in Durno." Witnessed by Peter, son of Forbes Robertson, carrying on a family tradition: Baptism of Mary Diack, 1949
"William Diack Shoemaker in Durno, had a daughter, born of his wife Jean Stewart. on the 13th of August 1949. baptized on the 30th of August, and named Mary, in the presence of Peter Robertson, Crofter Durno, and John Shirra, Durno."
Baptisms in Ste-Thérèse, Arvida, Québec
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Baptisms in Trub, Bern, Switzerland
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(116) #Michal Fuller, son of Michal Fuller and Anna Feutiger, Test: Ulli and Peter Gutraug, and Margarta ''Jirstris''. *8 # ''Trini'' Danuer, child of Beaugard Danuer and Madlena Habhegger, Test: Bernhard Danuer, Anna Gaber, and Madlena Jenner. # Hans Herman, son of Daniel Herman and Christina Zaug; Test: Hans ''Prummer'', Peter Gutraug, and ''Trini'' ''Warser'' '''Martius''' *3 # Catherina Fanckhuser, daughter of Christen Fanckhuser im Rind and Margreta ''Wurikr''; Test: David Gutraug, ''Trini'' Krayrsbul, and ''Crer'' ''Bugpharherer''. # Niclaus Whister, son of David Whister and Anna Kirter; Test: Niclaus Zaug and Uli Letshaug.
(117) *7
Baptisms of the children of Henry Elton and Ann Wedlake
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Baptist Burial Ground, Five Ashes, Odcombe, Somerset
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Baptist College of Health Sciences
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Bar Simpson
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Baragar Clan
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Barb Winter
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Barbara Brace To-Do List
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Barbara Dobijańska Family Tree
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Barbara Habegger from 1650 to 1690 in Switzerland
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Barbara Roesch To-Do List
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Barbara's WikiTree Notes
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Barbarick Roots
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Barb-Barbe Genealogy
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Bärbo - AI:2 1755
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Barbo_-_AI_2_1755.png
Djurnäs ? |label=Bärbo AI:2 (1755-1779) Image 14 / page 9 (AID: v54648.b14.s9, NAD: SE/ULA/10153) |size=600px}} ::'''[[Sälgö-1|Sälgö-1]] 02:34, 6 July 2016 (EDT)''' Dokumentet ovan tolkas ::Nils 1755 48 år gammal ==> 1707 kan vara [[Persson-2938|Nils Persson]] ::Brita 1755 39 år ==> 1716 [[Andersdotter-3490|Brita Andersdotter]] född 1716/1717 ::???Christina 1755 63 år ==> 1692 född verkar ha avlidit 1761 ==> kan vara moder ??? ::??? 1755 21 år ==> 1734 kan vara ??? ::??? ??? ::??? 1755 56 år ==> 1699 kan vara enkan Karin ??? '''TBA''' ==== Forskningsanteckningar ==== ===== Att göra ===== # Fastställa att detta är Djurnäs # Transkribera # Stämma av mot födelseböcker # Korrelera underlag
BARBOUR COUNTY, VA (
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Barcelona
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Barchus Family Bible
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Barck
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Barclay Family History
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Bardill Derbyshire
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Barend Johannes, son of Johannes Hendricus van Niekerk
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Barhorst
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Bari Raid in World War II
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Barillo Family Italy and USA
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Barker Family Bible
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Barkley Family List
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Mary Barkley (wife) b Feb 12 – 1769 *Died 12 Oct 1800
Children-
William Barkley Born Sep (*Dec). 10 – 1790
Sarah Barkley b Sep 24 – 1792
Lucretia Barkley b Dec 31 – 1794
James Gaston Barkley b Feby 25 – 1797
James Barkley b Apr 29 1799 *Died 16 Oct 1874
James Barkley son of James W. – Born Apr 29 – 1799
Cornelia Barkley (wife) Born Dec 18 – 1798 *Died 6 Mar 1864
Chilren
Abram Barkley b Dec 18 – 1818 [overwritten 1819?]
Franklin Barkley b Dec 22 – 1821
Polly Barkley b Feby 17 – 1824 *Died 26 Aug 1826
Lucretia Barkley b Mar 4 – 1826 *Died 12 Jun 1847
Daniel W Barkley b Feb 14 – 1828
Hiram Barkley b May 3 – 1830 *Died 28 Oct 1861
Betsey Barkley b Aug 5 – 1832 *Died 3 May 1852
Sally Barkley b May 21 – 1836
D. W. Barkley son of James Barkley Born Feby – 1828
Angeline Seybolt (wife) b Sep. 8 – 1835
Children
Mary Barkley Hathaway b Mar 29 – 1853
Alberto Barkley b Feby 20 – 1854
Ella Barkley Peck b Sep 7 – 1858
Fred Barkley b Mar – 1861 [no day given]
Alice Barkley b Jan 31 – 1869
Ansel Barkley b Jan 31 – 1869
[brackets joining names and dates of Alice and Ansel, twins]
Edna Barkley b May 21 – 1872
Hyla Barkley b Oct 3 – 1878
Barlow pedigrees
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Barnards England
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Barnes Family Reunion-1
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Barnes Family Tree
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Barne's Methodist Episcopal Church of Southampton County, Virginia
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Barnett, 2004
Inbound links: 4
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Barnett Family
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Barnett Family Pets
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Barnett_Family_Pets-7.jpg
Barnett Family Reunion
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Barnetts Family heirloom
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Barnstable County, Massachusetts
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Barnum Name Study Info
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Barnum Surname - Apellido Barnum
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Baron Silas Hathaway's YDNA descendants
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Baronies Of County Leitrim
Inbound links: 8
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Project: WikiTree-34
Baronies Of County Mayo
Inbound links: 12
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Baronies Of County Roscommon
Inbound links: 8
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Baronies Of County Sligo
Inbound links: 7
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Barony of Bear, County Cork, Ireland
Inbound links: 1
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Barony of Carrigallen in County Leitrim
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Barony of Condon and Clongibbons, County Cork, Ireland
Inbound links: 1
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Barony of Drumahaire in County Leitrim
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Barony of Imokilly, County Cork, Ireland
Inbound links: 1
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Barony of Kerricurrihy, County Cork, Ireland
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Barony of Kinnattalloon, County Cork, Ireland
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Barony of Leitrim in County Leitrim
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Barony of Mohill in County Leitrim
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Barony of Rosclogher in County Leitrim
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Barque/Ship EQUESTRIAN
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Barque_Ship_EQUESTRIAN.jpg
Barque Mabel 1873
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Barrage de la Valette
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Barren County, Kentucky - Chisholm sources
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Number of Acres: 300
Survey Date: 27 Apr 1793
County: Military
WaterCourse: Big Barren R
Book Number: 12
Collection: The Kentucky Land Grants; Volume Number: 1; Part: 1; Title: Chapter III Old Kentucky Grants (1793-1856); Section: The Counties of Kentucky; Source Page Number: 162
https://www.ancestry.com/discoveryui-content/view/11646:2073?tid=&pid=&queryId=48bdd44a98080947c486cee3e5fe2bec&_phsrc=vgK3637&_phstart=successSource 1800 John Chisum in the U.S., Census Reconstructed Records, 1660-1820
Name: John Chisum
Age: Over 21
Gender: M (Male)
Color: White
State: Kentucky
County: Barren County
Residence Year: 1800
Household Remarks: Acres of land: 200; Barren Co.; watercourse: Mill Creek; Entry: John Chisum; Survey: same; Patent: 0; white males over 21: 1; white males 16-21: 0; blacks over 16: 1; total blacks: 1; horses: 4; stud
Document: Barren County Tax Book, 1800, part 1; Call Number: FHL Film 7865; Page Number: 4; Family Number: 22
https://search.ancestry.com/cgi-bin/sse.dll?indiv=1&dbid=2234&h=47033&tid=&pid=&queryId=3c4cdf6c545d5a9d85e89614b32e5ec0&usePUB=true&_phsrc=wfp326&_phstart=successSource 1800 George Chisum in the U.S., Census Reconstructed Records, 1660-1820
Name: George Chisum
Age: Over 21
Gender: M (Male)
Color: White
State: Kentucky
County: Barren County
Residence Year: 1800
Household Remarks: Acres of land: 200; Barren Co.; watercourse: Mill Creek; Entry: George Chisum; Survey: same; Patent: 0; white males over 21: 1; white males 16-21: 0; blacks over 16: 0; total blacks: 0; horses: 2; stu
Document: Barren County Tax Book, 1800, part 1; Call Number: FHL Film 7865; Page Number: 4; Family Number: 23
https://search.ancestry.com/cgi-bin/sse.dll?indiv=1&dbid=2234&h=87055&tid=&pid=&queryId=3c4cdf6c545d5a9d85e89614b32e5ec0&usePUB=true&_phsrc=wfp326&_phstart=successSource 1808 July 29 – James Chisin to Nathen Wilson, bk B, p 388. Christian County, Kentucky
… between James Harrison and James Chism of the County of Barren and State of Kentucky of the one part and Henry Hopson Sr of the County of Christian and State afsd of the other part … in consideration of the sum of 250 dollars … sell unto Henry Hopson Sr …. land lying in the County of Christian on the waters of Little River and bounded … beginning at two post oaks in Coons line …. containing 100 acres …
Signed: James Harrison, James Chism
Wit: George S Foster, Hugh Johnson, Nevill Hopson
Sarah Harrison and Phoebe Chism wives of the within named James Harrison and James Chism …. relinquish their right of dower.
https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/3:1:3Q9M-CS4X-673?i=569&cat=115353 1808 Oct 14 – James Chism fr Benjamin Coon, bk B, p 148. Christian County, Kentucky
… between Benjamin Coon and Polly his wife of the County of Christian and State of Kentucky of the one part and James Harrison and James Chism of the County of Barren of the State afsd of the other part … in consideration of 45 dollars … sell unto the said Harrison and Chism … land lying in the County of Christian on Boyds Creek, waters of Little River … beginning at two gums marked BC … containing 200 acres …
Signed: Benjamin Coon, Polly Coon
https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/3:1:3Q9M-CS4X-66Y?i=403&cat=115353 1808 Oct 14 – James Chism fr William Gist, bk B, p 150. Christian County, Kentucky
… between William Gist of Warren County and State of Tennessee of the one part and James Harrison & James Chism of the County of Barren and State of Kentucky of the other part … in consideration of the sum of 50 dollars … deliver unto the said James Harrison and James Chism 100 acres of land lying in the County of Christian in Kentucky on the waters of Little River … beginning at two post oaks in Coons line …
Signed: William Gist
https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/3:1:3Q9M-CS4X-6Z9?i=404&cat=115353 1810 US Census Barren, KY Name: George Chisom
Home in 1810 (City, County, State): Barren, Kentucky
Free White Persons – Males – Under 10: 3
Free White Persons – Males – 16 thru 25: 1
Free White Persons – Males – 26 thru 44: 1
Free White Persons – Females – Under 10: 3
Free White Persons – Females – 10 thru 15: 1
Free White Persons – Females – 16 thru 25: 1
Free White Persons – Females – 26 thru 44: 1
Number of Household Members Under 16: 7
Number of Household Members Over 25: 2
Number of Household Members: 11
Year: 1810; Census Place: Barren, Kentucky; Roll: 5; Page: 38; Image: 00031; Family History Library Film: 0181350
https://www.ancestry.com/discoveryui-content/view/452019:7613?_phsrc=wfp335&_phstart=successSource&gsln=Chism&ml_rpos=23&queryId=5c0983e902855f788876d83f0474dc6f 1810 US Census Barren, KY Name: Michael Chism
Home in 1810 (City, County, State): Barren, Kentucky
Free White Persons – Males – 16 thru 25: 1
Free White Persons – Females – Under 10: 1
Free White Persons – Females – 16 thru 25: 1
Number of Household Members Under 16: 1
Number of Household Members: 3
Year: 1810; Census Place: Barren, Kentucky; Roll: 5; Page: 78; Image: 00052; Family History Library Film: 0181350
https://www.ancestry.com/discoveryui-content/view/452967:7613?_phsrc=wfp335&_phstart=successSource&gsln=Chism&ml_rpos=8&queryId=5c0983e902855f788876d83f0474dc6f 1810 US Census Barren, KY Name: Jacob Chism
Home in 1810 (City, County, State): Barren, Kentucky
Free White Persons – Males – Under 10: 3
Free White Persons – Males – 26 thru 44: 1
Free White Persons – Females – Under 10: 1
Free White Persons – Females – 10 thru 15: 1
Free White Persons – Females – 26 thru 44: 1
Number of Household Members Under 16: 5
Number of Household Members Over 25: 2
Number of Household Members: 7
Year: 1810; Census Place: Barren, Kentucky; Roll: 5; Page: 77; Image: 00051; Family History Library Film: 0181350
https://www.ancestry.com/discoveryui-content/view/452949:7613?_phsrc=wfp335&_phstart=successSource&gsln=Chism&ml_rpos=7&queryId=5c0983e902855f788876d83f0474dc6f 1810 US Census Barren, KY Name: James Chism
Home in 1810 (City, County, State): Barren, Kentucky
Free White Persons – Males – Under 10: 2
Free White Persons – Males – 26 thru 44: 1
Free White Persons – Females – Under 10: 2
Free White Persons – Females – 26 thru 44: 1
Numbers of Slaves: 2
Number of Household Members Under 16: 4
Number of Household Members Over 25: 2
Number of Household Members: 8
Year: 1810; Census Place: Barren, Kentucky; Roll: 5; Page: 76; Image: 00051; Family History Library Film: 0181350
https://www.ancestry.com/discoveryui-content/view/452933:7613?_phsrc=wfp335&_phstart=successSource&gsln=Chism&ml_rpos=1&queryId=5c0983e902855f788876d83f0474dc6f 1810 US Census Barren, KY Name: William Chism
Home in 1810 (City, County, State): Barren, Kentucky
Free White Persons – Males – Under 10: 2
Free White Persons – Males – 16 thru 25: 1
Free White Persons – Females – 10 thru 15: 1
Free White Persons – Females – 16 thru 25: 1
Number of Household Members Under 16: 3
Number of Household Members: 5
Year: 1810; Census Place: Barren, Kentucky; Roll: 5; Page: 78; Image: 00052; Family History Library Film: 0181350
https://www.ancestry.com/discoveryui-content/view/452966:7613?_phsrc=wfp335&_phstart=successSource&gsln=Chism&ml_rpos=12&queryId=5c0983e902855f788876d83f0474dc6f 1810 US Census Barren, KY Name: John Chism Sr
Home in 1810 (City, County, State): Barren, Kentucky
Free White Persons – Males – 10 thru 15: 1
Free White Persons – Males – 45 and over: 1
Free White Persons – Females – 45 and over: 1
Number of Household Members Under 16: 1
Number of Household Members Over 25: 2
Number of Household Members: 3
Year: 1810; Census Place: Barren, Kentucky; Roll: 5; Page: 43; Image: 00034; Family History Library Film: 0181350
https://www.ancestry.com/discoveryui-content/view/452116:7613?_phsrc=wfp335&_phstart=successSource&gsln=Chism&ml_rpos=19&queryId=5c0983e902855f788876d83f0474dc6f
Barretstown, Hancock, Massachusetts (now Maine) Census Data
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Barrett, Texas
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Barrett Family Mysteries
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Barriault - Forward & Introduction
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Barriault_-_Forward_Introduction.jpg
Barriault_-_Forward_Introduction-1.jpg
Barriault_-_Forward_Introduction-2.jpg
Barriault’s sources
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Barriault's Acknowledgments
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Barriffe Hall
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Barrow
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Barrows heirloom
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BARRY
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Barry & Roberts Limited
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Barry and Roberts Limited
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Barry_and_Roberts_Limited.jpg
Barry_and_Roberts_Limited-1.jpg
Barry_and_Roberts_Limited-2.jpg
Barry Docks
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Barry_Docks.jpg
Barry_Docks-1.jpg
Barry Family Tree of Joseph and Nephews Thomas and John
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Barry_Family_Tree_of_Joseph_and_Nephews_Thomas_and_John.jpg
Barry_Family_Tree_of_Joseph_and_Nephews_Thomas_and_John-1.jpg
Barry_Family_Tree_of_Joseph_and_Nephews_Thomas_and_John-2.jpg
Barry R. Smith - WikiTree sandbox
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Barry Records in 18th Century Lunenburg County, Virginia
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Bart Test Image
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Bartee/Bartie/Barty Gleanings
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Bartee_Bartie_Barty_Gleanings.jpg
citing Record number: 0;
{{FamilySearch Record|CGVW-JQT2}} (accessed 7 January 2023)
{{FamilySearch Image|3QS7-L93C-6LJ7}} Image number 01067
Name: David Bartie; Naturalization Date: 3 Apr 1848; Naturalization Place: Dodge, Wisconsin, United States; Birth Place: Scotland. ==SOUTH AFRICA== * '''Marriage''': "South Africa, Civil Marriage Records, 1840-1973"
citing Record number: 0;
{{FamilySearch Record|CDHJ-2GW2}} (accessed 28 October 2022)
{{FamilySearch Image|3Q9M-CSKD-HRV4}} Image number 00006
Margaret Highman Rous marriage to George Waldy Bartie on 19 Mar 1855 in South Africa. * '''Probate''': "South Africa, Cape Province, Probate Records of the Master of the High Court, 1834-1989"
citing Probate, Grahamstown, Albany, Cape Province, South Africa, 1921, Pietermaritzburg Archives (Formerly Natal State Archives), South Africa; FHL microfilm 1,367,964.
{{FamilySearch Record|QLK2-YQGN}} (accessed 28 October 2022)
{{FamilySearch Image|3Q9M-C9BY-Y3SW-W}} Image number 00238
George Bartie (child-in-las) Elizabeth Margaretha Smit probate in 1921 in Grahamstown, Albany, Cape Province, South Africa. * '''Probate''': "South Africa, Cape Province, Probate Records of the Master of the High Court, 1834-1989"
citing Record number: 3;
{{FamilySearch Record|QPHQ-BB4Z}} (accessed 28 October 2022)
{{FamilySearch Image|3Q9M-CSQ6-GQMD-6}} Image number 01316
Janet Waldey Bartie probate in 1874-1876 in Cape Province, South Africa. * '''Probate''': "South Africa, Cape Province, Probate Records of the Master of the High Court, 1834-1989"
citing Record number: 0;
{{FamilySearch Record|QPWL-PBH3}} (accessed 28 October 2022)
{{FamilySearch Image|3Q9M-C91Q-N6X4}} Image number 00831
Alexander Waldy Bartie probate in 1929 in Philipstown, Cape Province, South Africa. Died 7 Feb 1929. * '''Death''': "South Africa, Cape Province, Civil Records, 1840-1972"
citing National Archives, Pretoria; FHL microfilm .
{{FamilySearch Record|QR5T-XZZM}} (accessed 28 October 2022)
{{FamilySearch Image|33SQ-G5FW-9QGM}} Image number 00122
Alexander Waldy Bartie death 7 Feb 1929 (age 57) in Philipstown, Cape Province, South Africa. * '''Baptism of child Jacobus Johannes Naude Bartie''': "South Africa, Dutch Reformed Church Registers (Cape Town Archives), 1660-1970"
citing Record number: 2;
{{FamilySearch Record|632G-HLMM}} (accessed 28 October 2022)
{{FamilySearch Image|3Q9M-CSKX-993V-Z}} Image number 00170
Alexander Waldy Bartie's child Jacobus Johannes Naude Bartie baptism on 11 Feb 1912 in Western Cape, South Africa. * '''Probate''': "South Africa, Cape Province, Probate Records of the Master of the High Court, 1834-1989"
citing Probate, Grahamstown, Albany, Cape Province, South Africa, 1927, Pietermaritzburg Archives (Formerly Natal State Archives), South Africa; FHL microfilm 1,562,913.
{{FamilySearch Record|QGKL-81WP}} (accessed 28 October 2022)
{{FamilySearch Image|3Q9M-C91S-WSXX-G}} Image number 00366
Alexander Waldy Bartie probate in 1927 in Grahamstown, Albany, Cape Province, South Africa. * '''Probate''': "South Africa, Cape Province, Probate Records of the Master of the High Court, 1834-1989"
citing Record number: 1;
{{FamilySearch Record|QP79-N752}} (accessed 28 October 2022)
{{FamilySearch Image|3Q9M-C91H-6P66}} Image number 01246
Alexander Waldy Bartie probate in 1947 in Cape Province, South Africa. * '''Probate''': "South Africa, Cape Province, Probate Records of the Master of the High Court, 1834-1989"
citing Record number: 7;
{{FamilySearch Record|QPWL-PBHZ}} (accessed 28 October 2022)
{{FamilySearch Image|3Q9M-C91Q-N6X4}} Image number 00831
Alexander Waldy Bartie probate in 1929 in Cape Province, South Africa. * '''Probate''': "South Africa, Cape Province, Probate Records of the Master of the High Court, 1834-1989"
citing Probate, Grahamstown, Albany, Cape Province, South Africa, 1927, Pietermaritzburg Archives (Formerly Natal State Archives), South Africa; FHL microfilm 1,562,913.
{{FamilySearch Record|QGKL-814F}} (accessed 28 October 2022)
{{FamilySearch Image|3Q9M-C91S-WSXX-G}} Image number 00366
Alexander Waldy Bartie probate in 1927 in Grahamstown, Albany, Cape Province, South Africa. * '''Marriage''': "South Africa, Civil Marriage Records, 1840-1973"
citing Record number: 0;
{{FamilySearch Record|8TYF-6DPZ}} (accessed 28 October 2022)
{{FamilySearch Image|3Q9M-CSK6-8SCT-V}} Image number 00489
Alexander Waley Bartie (25) marriage to Anna Elizabeth Naude (19) on 24 Aug 1896 in South Africa. * '''Baptism''': "South Africa, Dutch Reformed Church Registers (Cape Town Archives), 1660-1970"
citing Record number: 5;
{{FamilySearch Record|68RB-MXKD}} (accessed 28 October 2022)
{{FamilySearch Image|3Q9M-CSK6-M9R3-5}} Image number 00323
Janet Beatrice Bartie baptism on 7 Sep 1890 (born 2 Jul 1890) in Philipstown, Cape Province, South Africa. * '''Baptism''': "South Africa, Dutch Reformed Church Registers (Cape Town Archives), 1660-1970"
citing Record number: 5;
{{FamilySearch Record|68RB-MXKD}} (accessed 28 October 2022)
{{FamilySearch Image|3Q9M-CSK6-M9R3-5}} Image number 00323
James Waldy Bartie baptism on 7 Sep 1890 (born 14 Jul 1890) in Philipstown, Cape Province, South Africa. * '''Baptism''': "South Africa, Church of the Province of South Africa, Parish Registers, 1801-2004"
citing Record number: 1;
{{FamilySearch Record|6FFK-PYXW}} (accessed 28 October 2022)
{{FamilySearch Image|33SQ-GTWM-BRR}} Image number 00008
Selena Anne Bartie baptism on 10 Jan 1899 (born 7 Aug 1898), child of George Waldy Bartie & Johanna Wilhelmina Bartie, in De Aar, Cape Province, South Africa. * '''Baptism''': "South Africa, Church of the Province of South Africa, Parish Registers, 1801-2004"
citing Record number: 0;
{{FamilySearch Record|6FFK-PYX3}} (accessed 28 October 2022)
{{FamilySearch Image|33SQ-GTWM-BRR}} Image number 00008
Gilbert Gow Bartie baptism on 10 Jan 1899 (born 8 Feb 1893), child of George Waldy Bartie & Johanna Wilhelmina Bartie, in De Aar, Cape Province, South Africa. * '''Baptism of child Elizabeth Doreen Bartie''': "South Africa, Church of the Province of South Africa, Parish Registers, 1801-2004"
citing Record number: 4;
{{FamilySearch Record|6FMK-4JRL}} (accessed 28 October 2022)
{{FamilySearch Image|33S7-9TWM-93JV}} Image number 00017
Tom Waldy Bartie's child Elizabeth Doreen Bartie baptism on 17 May 1914 in De Aar, Cape Province, South Africa. * '''Baptism''': "South Africa, Church of the Province of South Africa, Parish Registers, 1801-2004"
citing Record number: 6;
{{FamilySearch Record|6FMZ-P1CW}} (accessed 28 October 2022)
{{FamilySearch Image|33S7-9TWM-93LT}} Image number 00014
Mavis Adelene Bartie baptism on 4 Aug 1912 (born 11 Jun 1912), child of John Waldy Bartie & Annie Fredericka Bartie, in De Aar, Cape Province, South Africa. * '''Birth''': "South Africa, Cape Province, Civil Records, 1840-1972"
citing Record number: 0;
{{FamilySearch Record|68F1-CF7Q}} (accessed 28 October 2022)
{{FamilySearch Image|3Q9M-C91F-5QTD-B}} Image number 02338
Lucretia Lydia Bartie born on 1 Aug 1895, daughter of George Waldy Bartie & Johanna Wilhelmina Smit Bartie, in Philipstown, Cape Province, South Africa. ==UNITED STATES== ===ALABAMA=== ====GREENE==== * '''Deed''': Hillery Foster to James Bartee FamilySearch https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/3:1:3Q9M-CSLS-PJJ8?i=275&cat=518705, Deeds L, pg 21 (1840) Lot in the town of Eutaw. * '''Deed''': J. L Bartee (James L.) to R. Leachman (note to see Deed Record M Page 333) FamilySearch https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/3:1:3Q9M-CSLS-PJ46?i=397&cat=518705, Deeds L, pg 265 (1841) House & lot in the town of Eutaw. ===MISSISSIPPI=== ====CLARKE==== * '''Mississippi Probate Records, 1781-1930''': "Mississippi Probate Records, 1781-1930"
Catalog: [https://www.familysearch.org/search/catalog/238340 Court records and minute books, 1839-1876] Probate minutes v. 8-9 1866-1876
Image path: Mississippi Probate Records, 1781-1930 > Clarke > Minutes 1866-1876 vol 8-9 > image 193 of 494
{{FamilySearch Image|3QS7-99Q8-P3TS}} (accessed 16 April 2024). Divorce, John J Bartee vs Susan Bartee, 2 Mar 1861. ===NORTH CAROLINA=== ====PERQUIMANS==== * '''Perquimans. Wills 1663–1978 | Pender. Wills 1663–1978''': "Perquimans. Wills 1663–1978 | Pender. Wills 1663–1978"
> image 813 of of 1,773
{{FamilySearch Image|3QS7-99GF-VWLR}} (accessed 25 March 2024). Will of William B. Bartee ===SOUTH CAROLINA=== ====ABBEVILLE==== * Estate records of James G. Bartee, deceased, Admin granted 5 Oct 1813. No indication who he is. Possibly a brother of John and son of Thomas & Molly Glenn Bartee. Census records indicate they may have had a few more children than those listed on WT.
https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/3:1:939L-F89Q-B7?i=372&cc=1911928&cat=443498 * Guardianship of Willis W. Bartee (a minor over 14), granted to Peter H Coleman, 1815.
https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/3:1:939L-FD9W-YD?i=239&cc=1911928&cat=443498 * Willis Bartee, deceased, letters of admin to Charles Pitt, applied 1823, granted 1825.
https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/3:1:939L-FD9W-54?i=191&cc=1911928&cat=443498 ====EDGEFIELD==== * '''Residence''': "United States, Freedmen's Bureau Ration Records,1865-1872"
citing Residence, Aiken, Aiken, South Carolina, United States, NARA microfilm publications M1910. Records of the Bureau of Refugees, Freedmen, and Abandoned Lands, 1861 - 1880, RG 105. (Washington, D.C.: National Archives and Records Administration, 1969-1980); roll 38; FHL microfilm 2,427,121.
{{FamilySearch Record|Q2QL-NCY2}} (accessed 21 September 2022)
{{FamilySearch Image|3QS7-L9ZG-T8LB}} Image number 00796
Name: '''Seaborn Bartee'''; Residence Date: 15 Jul 1867; Residence Place: Aiken, Aiken, South Carolina, United States; Event Place Conf: 90; Event Place Working: Aiken, District of Anderson, South Carolina; Event Type Source: Military Service. ===VIRGINIA=== * index to some VA birth records: https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/3:1:3Q9M-CSQK-PR3Y?i=163&cat=777933 * https://www.ancestry.com/search/collections/62153/?name=_bartee&count=50 ====BEDFORD==== * Family Bible with info on children of '''William B. Bartee & Mary Dabbs'''. INCLUDES MISSISSIPPI. https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/3:1:3Q9M-CSK7-5QZJ?i=918&cat=235353 '''NOTE''' Bartee names have been added. Remainder of the record should be added - these will be spouses & children of a Bartee female. * Bedford County, VA Chancery Causes, 1755-1912. Christopher Goff vs James Mastin. Index #1796-016. Local Government Records Collection, Bedford Court Records. The Library of Virginia, Richmond, Virginia. 25 Mar 1795, '''William B Bartee''', statement regarding Chancery case in regards to Mastin, Goff, and England, Oct 1793. Item 17 of 21. Online: https://www.lva.virginia.gov/chancery/full_case_detail.asp?CFN=019-1796-016#img ====BOTETOURT==== ====CHARLOTTE==== * Charlotte County (Va.) Chancery Causes, 1765-1912. '''John Bartee''' vs George Moore & Henry Watkins (1784). Index #1784-003. Local Government Records Collection, Charlotte Court Records. The Library of Virginia, Richmond, Virginia. https://www.lva.virginia.gov/chancery/full_case_detail.asp?CFN=037-1784-003#img * Charlotte County (Va.) Chancery Causes, 1765-1912. Charles Noell & WIFE Susannah Dabbs Noell vs ADMR OF W Dabbs SR William Dabbs. Index #1824-007. Local Government Records Collection, Charlotte Court Records. The Library of Virginia, Richmond, Virginia. https://www.lva.virginia.gov/chancery/full_case_detail.asp?CFN=037-1824-007#img
Includes '''William Bartee and wife Mary''' (dau of Wm. Dabbs) * Charlotte County (Va.) Chancery Causes, 1765-1912. William Atwell ETC vs ADMR OF John Davis ('''David Bartee'''). Index #1833-001. Local Government Records Collection, Charlotte Court Records. The Library of Virginia, Richmond, Virginia. https://www.lva.virginia.gov/chancery/full_case_detail.asp?CFN=037-1833-001#img
John Davis died 1799. * Charlotte County (Va.) Chancery Causes, 1765-1912. Betsy Atwell, William Atwell & WIFE vs Heziah Davis ETC EXRS OF John Davis ('''David Bartee, Admin., security John Bartee'''). Index #1833-008. Local Government Records Collection, Charlotte Court Records. The Library of Virginia, Richmond, Virginia. https://www.lva.virginia.gov/chancery/full_case_detail.asp?CFN=037-1833-008#img * Charlotte County (Va.) Chancery Causes, 1765-1912. Betsy Atwell, Joseph Dabbs ETC vs ADMR OF Nancy Dabbs. Index #1860-041. Local Government Records Collection, Charlotte Court Records. The Library of Virginia, Richmond, Virginia. https://www.lva.virginia.gov/chancery/full_case_detail.asp?CFN=037-1860-041#img ====CUMBERLAND==== * '''Death''': "Virginia, Bureau of Vital Statistics, Death Records, 1853-1912"
citing Record number: 2;
{{FamilySearch Record|D4J6-BNPZ}} (accessed 8 September 2022)
{{FamilySearch Image|S3HY-DTT7-RG1}} Image number 00568
'''Archer Bartee''' death Nov 1873 (born Nov 1873), '''son of A Bartee & Elsy Bartee''', in Cumberland, Virginia, United States. * '''Death''': "Virginia, Bureau of Vital Statistics, Death Records, 1853-1912"
citing Record number: 13;
{{FamilySearch Record|D42F-DCPZ}} (accessed 8 September 2022)
{{FamilySearch Image|S3HY-DTT7-RDJ}} Image number 00550
'''Becky Bartee''' death Aug 1869 (born Aug 1867),''' daughter of Davy Bartee & Elvira Bartee''', in Cumberland, Virginia, United States. * '''Death''': "Virginia, Bureau of Vital Statistics, Death Records, 1853-1912"
citing Record number: 6;
{{FamilySearch Record|DHT9-FLPZ}} (accessed 8 September 2022)
{{FamilySearch Image|S3HY-DTY9-G2}} Image number 00556
'''Fanney Bartee''' death 9 Jun 1871 (age 10), '''daughter of Bartee''', in Virginia, United States. * '''Death''': "Virginia, Bureau of Vital Statistics, Death Records, 1853-1912"
citing Record number: 12;
{{FamilySearch Record|DHT9-FP3Z}} (accessed 8 September 2022)
{{FamilySearch Image|S3HY-DTY9-G2}} Image number 00556
'''Jos (or Joe?) Bartee''' death Jun 1871 (born Jun 1871), son of Richd Bartee, in Virginia, United States. * '''Death of son A---- Bartee''': "Virginia, Bureau of Vital Statistics, Death Records, 1853-1912"
citing Record number: 4;
{{FamilySearch Record|DHT9-FL6Z}} (accessed 8 September 2022)
{{FamilySearch Image|S3HY-DTY9-G2}} Image number 00556
'''David Bartee in death record for son A-----''', 25 Mar 1871 in Virginia, United States. * '''Death of daughter Louisa Wisdom''': "Virginia, Bureau of Vital Statistics, Death Records, 1853-1912"
citing Record number: 26;
{{FamilySearch Record|D4RD-4TZM}} (accessed 8 September 2022)
{{FamilySearch Image|S3HY-DTT7-T4R}} Image number 00553
'''Dick Bartee in death record for daughter Louisa Wisdom''', 15 Aug 1870 in Virginia, United States. * '''Probate''': "Virginia, U.S., Wills and Probate Records, 1652-1900"
Will Books, With Inventories and Accounts, 1749-1887; General Indexes to Wills, 1749-1975; Author: Virginia. Circuit Superior Court of Law and Chancery (Cumberland County); Probate Place: Cumberland, Virginia
{{Ancestry Sharing|30412314|00b6c5}} - {{Ancestry Record|62347|1306431}} (accessed 15 September 2022)
'''Anderson Bartee''' probate. (1927) '''INDEX ONLY - NEED WILL BOOK - check FamilySearch. There are more Bartee's on this index page.'''
index pg pointing to will: https://www.ancestry.com/imageviewer/collections/62347/images/007644342_00016?usePUB=true&_phsrc=maZ617&_phstart=successSource&usePUBJs=true&pId=1306431 * '''Probate''': "Virginia, U.S., Wills and Probate Records, 1652-1900"
Will Books, With Inventories and Accounts, 1749-1887; General Indexes to Wills, 1749-1975; Author: Virginia. Circuit Superior Court of Law and Chancery (Cumberland County); Probate Place: Cumberland, Virginia
{{Ancestry Sharing|30412454|d00dc6}} - {{Ancestry Record|62347|1306434}} (accessed 15 September 2022)
'''W A Bartee''' probate. (1929) * '''Probate''': "Virginia, U.S., Wills and Probate Records, 1652-1900"
Will Books, With Inventories and Accounts, 1749-1887; General Indexes to Wills, 1749-1975; Author: Virginia. Circuit Superior Court of Law and Chancery (Cumberland County); Probate Place: Cumberland, Virginia
{{Ancestry Sharing|30412465|7acb34}} - {{Ancestry Record|62347|1306444}} (accessed 15 September 2022)
'''Mary R Bartee''' probate. (1932) * '''Probate''': "Virginia, U.S., Wills and Probate Records, 1652-1900"
Will Books, With Inventories and Accounts, 1749-1887; General Indexes to Wills, 1749-1975; Author: Virginia. Circuit Superior Court of Law and Chancery (Cumberland County); Probate Place: Cumberland, Virginia
{{Ancestry Sharing|30412471|96e198}} - {{Ancestry Record|62347|1306445}} (accessed 15 September 2022)
'''Mabel Bartee''' probate. (1932) * '''Probate''': "Virginia, U.S., Wills and Probate Records, 1652-1900"
Will Books, With Inventories and Accounts, 1749-1887; General Indexes to Wills, 1749-1975; Author: Virginia. Circuit Superior Court of Law and Chancery (Cumberland County); Probate Place: Cumberland, Virginia
{{Ancestry Sharing|30412762|f4942d}} - {{Ancestry Record|62347|1312743}} (accessed 16 September 2022)
'''James Bartee''' probate. (1927) * Cumberland County (Va.) Chancery Causes, 1750-1912. EXR OF Thomas Tabb vs Jesse Merryman. Index #1787-004. Local Government Records Collection, Cumberland Court Records. The Library of Virginia, Richmond, Virginia. https://www.lva.virginia.gov/chancery/case_detail.asp?CFN=049-1787-004
Thomas Bartee deposition appears in image 24, all should be searched to see if he or other Bartee is mentioned elsewhere. ====FAUQUIER==== *''' POSSIBLE BARTEE''' '''Death''': "Virginia, Bureau of Vital Statistics, Death Records, 1853-1912"
citing Record number: 27;
{{FamilySearch Record|DSXR-MNMM}} (accessed 9 September 2022)
{{FamilySearch Image|S3HY-6SNW-MD9}} Image number 00259
'''Jos A Barta''' death 23 Jun 1876 (age 98), '''son of Jno Barba & Mary Barba''', in Virginia, United States.
'''ALSO TOP OF THIS PAGE IS ANOTHER POSSIBLE BARTEE''' ====FLUVANNA==== * '''Death''': "Virginia, Bureau of Vital Statistics, Death Records, 1853-1912"
citing Record number: 15;
{{FamilySearch Record|DZ7Q-HLMM}} (accessed 8 September 2022)
{{FamilySearch Image|S3HT-DRMQ-65K}} Image number 00434
'''Bartee''' death Jun 1871 (born Jun 1871), '''son of Miles Bartee & Lucy Bartee''', in Fork Union, Fluvanna, Virginia, United States. ====HALIFAX==== * Halifax County (Va.) Chancery Causes, 1753-1913. Reuben C Traynham ETC vs EXR OF Jeffery Palmer. Index #1849-012. Local Government Records Collection, Halifax Court Records. The Library of Virginia, Richmond, Virginia. https://www.lva.virginia.gov/chancery/full_case_detail.asp?CFN=083-1849-012#img
'''William D Bartee & his wife, Karen V. Bartee''' (formerly Kerenhappuch V Traynham) * Halifax County (Va.) Chancery Causes, 1753-1913. HEIR(S) OF Benjamin Traynham vs Isaac Crews & WIFE ETC. Index #1860-064. Local Government Records Collection, Halifax Court Records. The Library of Virginia, Richmond, Virginia. https://www.lva.virginia.gov/chancery/case_detail.asp?CFN=083-1860-064
'''Carey V. Bartee''' ====LYNCHBURG==== ===== LYNCHBURG CITY===== * Lynchburg City (Va.) Chancery Causes, 1805-1945. '''William B Bartee''' vs Thomas Cohen. Index #1815-016. Local Government Records Collection, Lynchburg City Court Records. The Library of Virginia, Richmond, Virginia. https://www.lva.virginia.gov/chancery/case_detail.asp?CFN=680-1815-016
Contract Dispute * Lynchburg City (Va.) Chancery Causes, 1805-1945. '''William B Bartee''' vs John Bridgeland ETC. Index #1818-043. Local Government Records Collection, Lynchburg City Court Records. The Library of Virginia, Richmond, Virginia. https://www.lva.virginia.gov/chancery/case_detail.asp?CFN=680-1818-043
Debt arrising out of gambling/horse race. * Lynchburg City (Va.) Chancery Causes, 1805-1945. Thomas Andrews & WIFE ETC vs EXR OF Tabitha Lee ETC. Index #1830-142. Local Government Records Collection, Lynchburg City Court Records. The Library of Virginia, Richmond, Virginia. https://www.lva.virginia.gov/chancery/case_detail.asp?CFN=680-1830-142
Large file - 322 images. Contains Paschel B Wade who married Frances Bartee. Checked a few frames and found '''Lucy Bartee''' on image 50. * Lynchburg City (Va.) Chancery Causes, 1805-1945. William Bowden SURVPARTNER George Cabell SR, ADMR OF James Colquhoun, John Gilliat SURVPARTNER, David Jones, George K Lambeth, James Rice, Benjamin Stetson, Caleb Tate, White & Shelton, Benjamin Wigginton ETC, William & Reuben Mitchell vs EXRS OF Samuel Irvine ETC REP(S) OF Samuel Irvine ETC. Index #1855-021. Local Government Records Collection, Lynchburg City Court Records. The Library of Virginia, Richmond, Virginia. https://www.lva.virginia.gov/chancery/case_detail.asp?CFN=680-1855-021
Large file - 640 images. William B Bartee - he may be included as part of a business with partners, needs a more thorough look than just the few pages given a quick scanned. ====NORFOLK==== *Mentions: '''sister Lyddia Bartee, sister Rebecca Bartee, nephew Thomas Bartee son of William Bartee'''
'''Probate''': "Virginia, U.S., Wills and Probate Records, 1652-1900"
Original Wills, 1693-1821; Author: Virginia. County Court (Norfolk County); Probate Place: Norfolk, Virginia
{{Ancestry Sharing|29408897|4653d1}} - {{Ancestry Record|62347|822283}} (accessed 8 September 2022)
Thomas Wilson probate on 3 May 1796. * '''Death''': "Virginia Deaths and Burials, 1853-1912"
citing FHL microfilm: 2048594; Record number: 33;
{{FamilySearch Record|X5YZ-G35}} (accessed 12 September 2022)
'''Mary Crowder''' death 31 Jul 1854 (age 52), '''daughter of John Bartee''', wife of Thos Crowder, in Norfolk, Virginia, United States. * '''Death''': "Virginia Deaths and Burials, 1853-1912"
citing FHL microfilm: 2048579; Record number: 15;
{{FamilySearch Record|XRMB-YMQ}} (accessed 12 September 2022)
'''Eliza Bartee''' death 10 May 1896 (age 4m), daughter of '''Geo. Bartee & Martha Bartee''', in Berkley, Norfolk, Virginia, United States. * [[Bartee-327|Elizabeth Ann Bartee (1800-1848)]] '''Probate''': "Virginia, U.S., Wills and Probate Records, 1652-1900"
Wills, 1784-1868 ; General Index to Wills, 1784-1928; Author: Virginia. Hustings Court (Norfolk (Independent City)); Probate Place: Norfolk, Virginia
{{Ancestry Sharing|30398508|8ab4a4}} - {{Ancestry Record|62347|1095976}} (accessed 15 September 2022)
'''Elizabeth A Bartee''' probate. - index = Wills Vol 8, pg 106 & 107 which can be found at FamilySearch:https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/3:1:3QS7-L9PX-F6BL?i=342&cat=379708 * [[Bartee-319|Ardre Bartee (bef.1795-bef.1844)]] '''Probate''': "Virginia, U.S., Wills and Probate Records, 1652-1900"
Administrators Bonds, 1722-1727, 1832-1848; Author: Virginia. County Court (Norfolk County); Probate Place: Norfolk, Virginia
{{Ancestry Sharing|30412251|47a6bd}} - {{Ancestry Record|62347|11975}} (accessed 15 September 2022)
'''Ardre Bartee''' probate on 18 Mar 1844. * '''Probate''': "Virginia, U.S., Wills and Probate Records, 1652-1900"
Bonds of Fiduciaries and Others, V. 2, 1850-1856; Author: Virginia. County Court (Norfolk County); Probate Place: Norfolk, Virginia
{{Ancestry Sharing|30412809|0e1030}} - {{Ancestry Record|62347|195366}} (accessed 16 September 2022)
'''Thomas B Bartee''' probate on 17 Mar 1851. * '''Probate''': "Virginia, U.S., Wills and Probate Records, 1652-1900"
Wills, 1755-1868, 1968 ; General Index to Wills, 1755-1950; Author: Virginia. County Court (Norfolk County); Probate Place: Chesapeake, Virginia
{{Ancestry Sharing|30413157|dcdfb1}} - {{Ancestry Record|62347|2030599}} (accessed 16 September 2022)
'''Wilson Bartee''' probate on 15 Jan 1840. * '''Probate''': "Virginia, U.S., Wills and Probate Records, 1652-1900"
Original Wills, 1693-1821; Author: Virginia. County Court (Norfolk County); Probate Place: Norfolk, Virginia
{{Ancestry Sharing|30413392|f5c53c}} - {{Ancestry Record|62347|240509}} (accessed 16 September 2022)
'''Robert Bartee''' probate in 1783. * '''Probate''': "Virginia, U.S., Wills and Probate Records, 1652-1900"
Original Wills, 1693-1821; Author: Virginia. County Court (Norfolk County); Probate Place: Norfolk, Virginia
{{Ancestry Sharing|30463786|20b54d}} - {{Ancestry Record|62347|42433}} (accessed 19 September 2022)
'''Robert Bartee''' probate on 7 Mar 1783. * '''Probate''': "Virginia, U.S., Wills and Probate Records, 1652-1900"
Appraisements, Inventories, and Accounts of Sales, 1755-1884 ; General Index to Appraisements and Accounts of Sales, 1755-1937; Author: Virginia. County Court (Norfolk County)
{{Ancestry Sharing|30451588|87e783}} - {{Ancestry Record|62347|2673163}} (accessed 18 September 2022)
'''Wilson Bartee''' probate. * '''Probate''': "Virginia, U.S., Wills and Probate Records, 1652-1900"
Appraisements, Inventories, and Accounts of Sales, 1755-1884 ; General Index to Appraisements and Accounts of Sales, 1755-1937; Author: Virginia. County Court (Norfolk County)
{{Ancestry Sharing|30452167|b93bc4}} - {{Ancestry Record|62347|2748266}} (accessed 19 September 2022)
'''Robt Bartee''' probate. * [[Bartee-203|James Bartee (bef.1764-bef.1802)]] '''Probate''': "Virginia, U.S., Wills and Probate Records, 1652-1900"
Appraisements, Inventories, and Accounts of Sales, 1755-1884 ; General Index to Appraisements and Accounts of Sales, 1755-1937; Author: Virginia. County Court (Norfolk County)
{{Ancestry Sharing|30463367|dd3ea1}} - {{Ancestry Record|62347|2750213}} (accessed 19 September 2022)
'''James Bartee''' probate. * '''Probate''': "Virginia, U.S., Wills and Probate Records, 1652-1900"
Appraisements, Inventories, and Accounts of Sales, 1755-1884 ; General Index to Appraisements and Accounts of Sales, 1755-1937; Author: Virginia. County Court (Norfolk County)
{{Ancestry Sharing|30463447|b745ea}} - {{Ancestry Record|62347|2750808}} (accessed 19 September 2022)
'''William W Bartee''' probate. [2 Bartee entries on page] * '''Probate''': "Virginia, U.S., Wills and Probate Records, 1652-1900"
Appraisements, Inventories, and Accounts of Sales, 1755-1884 ; General Index to Appraisements and Accounts of Sales, 1755-1937; Author: Virginia. County Court (Norfolk County)
{{Ancestry Sharing|30463536|4ee9c1}} - {{Ancestry Record|62347|2750810}} (accessed 19 September 2022)
'''William Bartee''' probate. [2 Bartee entries on page] * '''Probate''': "Virginia, U.S., Wills and Probate Records, 1652-1900"
Appraisements, Inventories, and Accounts of Sales, 1755-1884 ; General Index to Appraisements and Accounts of Sales, 1755-1937; Author: Virginia. County Court (Norfolk County)
{{Ancestry Sharing|30463597|21a3e0}} - {{Ancestry Record|62347|2751028}} (accessed 19 September 2022)
'''Thomas Bartee''' probate. * Already added to profile of [[Bartee-217|Lemuel Bartee (abt.1756-1818)]], but need to extract all info and create profiles for all slaves. '''Probate''': "Virginia, U.S., Wills and Probate Records, 1652-1900"
Appraisements, Inventories, and Accounts of Sales, 1755-1884 ; General Index to Appraisements and Accounts of Sales, 1755-1937; Author: Virginia. County Court (Norfolk County)
{{Ancestry Sharing|29310072|4e3c2a}} - {{Ancestry Record|62347|2752198}} (accessed 19 September 2022)
'''Lemuel Bartee''' probate. * '''Index''': "Virginia, U.S., Wills and Probate Records, 1652-1900"
Wills, 1755-1868, 1968 ; General Index to Wills, 1755-1950; Author: Virginia. County Court (Norfolk County); Probate Place: Norfolk, Virginia
{{Ancestry Sharing|30463874|47cbef}} - {{Ancestry Record|62347|744695}} (accessed 19 September 2022)
William, John, Robert, and Robert Bartee. -- May already be added to profiles. * '''Index''': "Virginia, U.S., Wills and Probate Records, 1652-1900"
Wills, 1755-1868, 1968 ; General Index to Wills, 1755-1950; Author: Virginia. County Court (Norfolk County); Probate Place: Norfolk, Virginia
{{Ancestry Sharing|30463964|248178}} - {{Ancestry Record|62347|745986}} (accessed 20 September 2022)
Isaac, Ardree, Thomas and L/Samuel Bartee. -- May already be added to profiles. * '''Index''': "Virginia, U.S., Wills and Probate Records, 1652-1900"
Wills, 1755-1868, 1968 ; General Index to Wills, 1755-1950; Author: Virginia. County Court (Norfolk County); Probate Place: Norfolk, Virginia
{{Ancestry Sharing|30464320|f8c116}} - {{Ancestry Record|62347|746657}} (accessed 20 September 2022)
James [added], Samuel, John and Mary Bartee probate. -- May already be added to profiles. * '''Probate''': "Virginia, U.S., Wills and Probate Records, 1652-1900"
Original Wills, 1693-1821; Author: Virginia. County Court (Norfolk County); Probate Place: Norfolk, Virginia
{{Ancestry Sharing|30464764|683325}} - {{Ancestry Record|62347|822313}} (accessed 20 September 2022)
'''Samuel Bartee''' probate on 15 May 1795. --- Original has more information than transcribed version entered in profile. * '''Index''': "Virginia, U.S., Wills and Probate Records, 1652-1900"
Wills, 1784-1868 ; General Index to Wills, 1784-1928; Author: Virginia. Corporation Court (Norfolk (Independent City)); Probate Place: Norfolk, Virginia
{{Ancestry Sharing|30464776|33ec30}} - {{Ancestry Record|62347|1078121}} (accessed 20 September 2022)
'''Samual's Bartie''' inventory, sales & audit. *Records of fiduciaries in the Court of the Corporation of the city of Norfolk, v. 1, 1850-1882, pg 65. '''Robert C. Bartee''' https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/3:1:3QS7-99PX-6WYG?i=101&cat=363613 * Estate audit of '''John Bartee''', 1804; https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/3:1:3QS7-L9P6-BX15?i=562&cat=379667 * Estate audit of '''Thomas Bartee''', 1815, https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/3:1:3QSQ-G9P6-BQ8B?i=63&cat=379667
Other Bartee's mentioned: '''Wilson Bartee, William Bartee, guardian acct for R Bartee & Jac. B Bartee''' AND https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/3:1:3QSQ-G9P6-BQ63?i=83&cat=379667 *Estate audit of '''Thomas Bartee''', 1816, https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/3:1:3QSQ-G9P6-BQH4?i=105&cat=379667 *Estate audit of '''William W. Bartee''', 1818, https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/3:1:3QSQ-G9P6-BQ49?i=106&cat=379667 *Estate audit of '''William Bartee''', 1818, https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/3:1:3QSQ-G9P6-BQZH?i=107&cat=379667
dates range from 1813 to 1815. Mentions various guardians for '''R & J Bartee, Rebecca Bartee (widow)''', several Bartee named in audit -- should be able to identify *Estate audit of '''William Bartee''', 1821, https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/3:1:3QSQ-G9P6-BQH5?i=132&cat=379667 *Estate audit of '''Samuel Bartee''', 1825, https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/3:1:3QSQ-G9P6-BQSK?i=236&cat=379667 *Estate audit of '''Samuel Bartee''', 1826, https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/3:1:3QSQ-G9P6-BQMK?i=295&cat=379667 *Estate audit of '''Wilson Bartee''', 1843, https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/3:1:3QS7-99PX-6Q8Z?i=313&cat=379667 *Estate audit of '''Ardre Bartee''', 1846, https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/3:1:3QS7-99PX-6QHQ?i=401&cat=379667 *Estate audit of '''Ardre Bartee''', 1852, https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/3:1:3QS7-L9PX-XSWT?i=99&cat=379667 *[[Bartee-201|Isaac Bartee (bef.1755-bef.1794)]] Estate Appraisal, https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/3:1:3QS7-89PX-69JT?i=421&cat=379688 *[[Bartee-1|Ardre Bartee (bef.1762-1795)]] Estate Appraisal, https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/3:1:3QS7-89PX-69PN?i=434&cat=379688 *[[Bartee-184|Thomas Bartee (bef.1746-abt.1796)]] Estate Appraisal, https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/3:1:3QS7-89PX-69TV?i=451&cat=379688 *[[Bartee-203|James Bartee (bef.1764-bef.1802)]] Estate Appraisal, https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/3:1:3QS7-L9P6-BXJL?i=129&cat=379688 *'''Isaac Bartee''' 1812 Estate Appraisal, https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/3:1:3QS7-L9P6-BXBM?i=283&cat=379688 *2 on one page '''William Bartee (1813) and William W. Bartee (1813)''' Estate Appraisal https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/3:1:3QS7-L9P6-BXYR?i=318&cat=379688 *'''Thomas Bartee''', 1814 Estate Appraisal https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/3:1:3QS7-L9P6-BXTN?i=344&cat=379688 *'''Thomas Bartee''', 1816 Estate Appraisal https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/3:1:3QS7-L9P6-BXTC?i=379&cat=379688 *'''Thomas Bartee''', 1814 Estate Sale https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/3:1:3QS7-L9P6-BXRF?i=376&cat=379688 *'''Samuel Bartee''', 1816 Estate Sale https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/3:1:3QS7-99P6-BNX3?i=121&cat=379688 *'''Lemuel or Samuel Bartee''', 1818 Estate Appraisal https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/3:1:3QS7-99P6-BNDM?i=163&cat=379688 *'''Lemuel or Samuel Bartee''', 1818 Estate Sale https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/3:1:3QS7-99P6-BN6W?i=164&cat=379688 *'''John Bartee''' 1817 Estate Appraisal https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/3:1:3QS7-99P6-BNPB?i=262&cat=379688 *'''Wilson Bartee''' Estate Appraisal, https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/3:1:3Q9M-C9R1-9S98-J?i=310&cat=379688
Estate Sale https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/3:1:3Q9M-C9R1-9S95-T?i=311&cat=379688 *'''William Bartee''' and '''Davy''', http://www2.vcdh.virginia.edu/saxon/servlet/SaxonServlet?source=/xml_docs/slavery/ads/vg1796.xml&style=/xml_docs/slavery/ads/display_ad.xsl&ad=v1796060086 : Norfolk Herald (Willett and O'Connor), Norfolk, June 9, 1796. RAN-A-WAY, ABOUT the 26th of April last, from the subscriber, a Negro Man named DAVY, about 40 years of age, 5 feet 9 inches high, and has thick lips and nose. TEN DOLLARS REWARD will be paid by the subscriber to any person who will take and secure the above Negro in any jail in this State, so that I get him again. I forwarn all masters of vessels from carrying him off at their peril. WILLIAM BARTIE. Norfolk County June 8 '96 * [[Bartee-217|Lemuel Bartee (abt.1756-1818)]] , obituary, https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/3:1:33SQ-GPF9-1W1?i=1411&wc=MD1F-Z6X%3A229208401%2C229208402&cc=1932510 * '''Miss Mary Bartee''', obituary 1819, https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/3:1:33SQ-GPF9-B58?i=1413&wc=MD1F-Z6X%3A229208401%2C229208402&cc=1932510 * Norfolk County (Va.) Chancery Causes, 1718-1938. Richard McCoy vs '''Robert Bartee''' ETC. Index #1767-008. Local Government Records Collection, Norfolk Court Records. The Library of Virginia, Richmond, Virginia. https://www.lva.virginia.gov/chancery/case_detail.asp?CFN=902-1767-008 * Norfolk County (Va.) Chancery Causes, 1718-1938. John Taylor vs Samuel Bartie ETC. Index #1799-004. Local Government Records Collection, Norfolk Court Records. The Library of Virginia, Richmond, Virginia. https://www.lva.virginia.gov/chancery/full_case_detail.asp?CFN=902-1799-004#img
Samuel Bartee and Lemuel Bartee * Norfolk County (Va.) Chancery Causes, 1718-1938. EXR OF '''Mary Bartee''' vs ADMR OF '''Lemuel Bartee''' ETC. Index #1827-003. Local Government Records Collection, Norfolk Court Records. The Library of Virginia, Richmond, Virginia. https://www.lva.virginia.gov/chancery/full_case_detail.asp?CFN=902-1827-003#img * Norfolk County (Va.) Chancery Causes, 1718-1938. Cary Weston ETC vs '''Eliza Bartee''' BY ETC. Index #1831-009. Local Government Records Collection, Norfolk Court Records. The Library of Virginia, Richmond, Virginia. https://www.lva.virginia.gov/chancery/full_case_detail.asp?CFN=902-1831-009#img * Norfolk County (Va.) Chancery Causes, 1718-1938. Samuel Browne & WIFE ETC vs ADMR OF '''Samuel Bartee'''. Index #1834-008. Local Government Records Collection, Norfolk Court Records. The Library of Virginia, Richmond, Virginia. https://www.lva.virginia.gov/chancery/full_case_detail.asp?CFN=902-1834-008#img * Norfolk County (Va.) Chancery Causes, 1718-1938. Harrison H Banks & WIFE ETC vs Ambrose Dudley & WIFE ETC. Index #1834-010. Local Government Records Collection, Norfolk Court Records. The Library of Virginia, Richmond, Virginia. https://www.lva.virginia.gov/chancery/case_detail.asp?CFN=902-1834-010 * Norfolk County (Va.) Chancery Causes, 1718-1938. ADMR OF Ann Portlock & WIFE ETC vs ADMR OF William Stokes GDN. Index #1836-018. Local Government Records Collection, Norfolk Court Records. The Library of Virginia, Richmond, Virginia. https://www.lva.virginia.gov/chancery/case_detail.asp?CFN=902-1836-018 * Norfolk County (Va.) Chancery Causes, 1718-1938. John Camp vs COMT OF Edward Herbert ETC. Index #1837-005. Local Government Records Collection, Norfolk Court Records. The Library of Virginia, Richmond, Virginia. https://www.lva.virginia.gov/chancery/case_detail.asp?CFN=902-1837-005 * Norfolk County (Va.) Chancery Causes, 1718-1938. ADMX OF William Cary vs Richard Baylor ETC. Index #1844-014. Local Government Records Collection, Norfolk Court Records. The Library of Virginia, Richmond, Virginia. https://www.lva.virginia.gov/chancery/case_detail.asp?CFN=902-1844-014 * Norfolk County (Va.) Chancery Causes, 1718-1938. ADMR OF John Camp vs George Webb ETC. Index #1847-008. Local Government Records Collection, Norfolk Court Records. The Library of Virginia, Richmond, Virginia. https://www.lva.virginia.gov/chancery/case_detail.asp?CFN=902-1847-008 * Norfolk County (Va.) Chancery Causes, 1718-1938. WIDOW OF John Q Richardson ETC vs ADMR OF William Manning ETC. Index #1848-009. Local Government Records Collection, Norfolk Court Records. The Library of Virginia, Richmond, Virginia. https://www.lva.virginia.gov/chancery/case_detail.asp?CFN=902-1848-009 * Norfolk County (Va.) Chancery Causes, 1718-1938. CRED(S) OF Andre Bartee vs ADMR OF Andre Bartee ETC. Index #1849-007. Local Government Records Collection, Norfolk Court Records. The Library of Virginia, Richmond, Virginia. https://www.lva.virginia.gov/chancery/case_detail.asp?CFN=902-1849-007 * Norfolk County (Va.) Chancery Causes, 1718-1938. William H Nash & WIFE ETC vs EXRS OF Martin J Ballentine ETC. Index #1893-056. Local Government Records Collection, Norfolk Court Records. The Library of Virginia, Richmond, Virginia. https://www.lva.virginia.gov/chancery/case_detail.asp?CFN=902-1893-056 ==== PORTSMOUTH CITY ==== * Portsmouth City (Va.) Chancery Causes, 1859-1932. Mary E Bradley BY ETC vs Edward H Bradley. Index #1871-008. Local Government Records Collection, Portsmouth City Court Records. The Library of Virginia, Richmond, Virginia. https://www.lva.virginia.gov/chancery/case_detail.asp?CFN=740-1871-008
She is formerly Mary Elizabeth Bartee of Norfolk. * Portsmouth City (Va.) Chancery Causes, 1859-1932. William J Spratt vs Mary Elizabeth Whitehurst ETC. Index #1890-009. Local Government Records Collection, Portsmouth City Court Records. The Library of Virginia, Richmond, Virginia. https://www.lva.virginia.gov/chancery/case_detail.asp?CFN=740-1890-009 * Portsmouth City (Va.) Chancery Causes, 1859-1932. W J Spratt vs COMT OF John J Spratt ETC. Index #1890-013. Local Government Records Collection, Portsmouth City Court Records. The Library of Virginia, Richmond, Virginia. https://www.lva.virginia.gov/chancery/case_detail.asp?CFN=740-1890-013 * Portsmouth City (Va.) Chancery Causes, 1859-1932. E D Britt FOR ETC vs ADMX OF Thomas Brooks JR ETC. Index #1894-024. Local Government Records Collection, Portsmouth City Court Records. The Library of Virginia, Richmond, Virginia. https://www.lva.virginia.gov/chancery/case_detail.asp?CFN=740-1894-024 * Portsmouth City (Va.) Chancery Causes, 1859-1932. Eliza Lockhart, Lazareth Mathews, William McCoy & WIFE ETC vs William McCoy & WIFE ETC, George Washington ETC. Index #1901-023. Local Government Records Collection, Portsmouth City Court Records. The Library of Virginia, Richmond, Virginia. https://www.lva.virginia.gov/chancery/case_detail.asp?CFN=740-1901-023 ====PRINCESS ANNE==== * ''Marriages of Princess Anne County, Virginia, 1749-1821''; Wingo; 1961; online: https://www.familysearch.org/library/books/records/item/230077-redirection
index, pg 122 lists '''BARTEE BRIDES''': Elizabeth (pg 52), Fanny (pg 5), Janett (pg 58) [Janett added to WT profile]
'''BARTEE GROOMS''': pg 4 -- Isaac [added to WT profile], Robertee [added to WT profile], Samuel, Samuel, Thomas
These are a mixture of marriage bonds and minister returns, see Preface, frame 5. * Princess Anne County (Va.) Chancery Causes, 1752-1913. Robert Keeling vs ADMR OF William Keeling ETC. Index #1784-012. Local Government Records Collection, Princess Anne County Court Records. The Library of Virginia, Richmond, Virginia. https://www.lva.virginia.gov/chancery/case_detail.asp?CFN=903-1784-012
'''Anna Keeling Bartee''' * Princess Anne County (Va.) Chancery Causes, 1752-1913. James Bartee & WIFE vs John Care & WIFE. Index #1827-008. Local Government Records Collection, Princess Anne County Court Records. The Library of Virginia, Richmond, Virginia. https://www.lva.virginia.gov/chancery/case_detail.asp?CFN=903-1827-008
'''James Bartee & wife Elizabeth, formerly Guy''' * Princess Anne County (Va.) Chancery Causes, 1752-1913. Wilson Guy ETC vs ADMR OF Henry Guy ETC. Index #1836-002. Local Government Records Collection, Princess Anne County Court Records. The Library of Virginia, Richmond, Virginia. https://www.lva.virginia.gov/chancery/case_detail.asp?CFN=903-1836-002 * Princess Anne County (Va.) Chancery Causes, 1752-1913. Betsey Guy ETC vs ADMR OF ADMR OF Henry Guy ETC. Index #1836-034. Local Government Records Collection, Princess Anne County Court Records. The Library of Virginia, Richmond, Virginia. https://www.lva.virginia.gov/chancery/case_detail.asp?CFN=903-1836-034
'''James Bartee & wife Elizabeth, formerly Guy''' ==== PULASKI ==== ==== RUSSELL ==== * There are 9 Chancery Files for Russell Co. not copied here for years from 1906 to 1939. Available at: https://www.virginiamemory.com/collections/chancery/ Index Number: 1906-030, 1910-048, 1913-024. 1926-075, 1930-050, 1931-015, 1936-013, 1936-048, and 1939-025 ==== SCOTT ==== * Scott County (Va.) Chancery Causes, 1816-1942. Augusta C Godsey vs Jesse Smith ETC. Index #1859-021. Local Government Records Collection, Scott County Court Records. The Library of Virginia, Richmond, Virginia. https://www.lva.virginia.gov/chancery/full_case_detail.asp?CFN=169-1859-021#img * Scott County (Va.) Chancery Causes, 1816-1942. Margaret C Bartee vs James M Quillin. Index #1881-064 . Local Government Records Collection, Scott County Court Records. The Library of Virginia, Richmond, Virginia. https://www.lva.virginia.gov/chancery/full_case_detail.asp?CFN=169-1881-064#img
Bartholomew Boyle - DNA Analysis
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Bartlett Family Photos
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Bartlett Name Study Info
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Bartley Collett Windle research
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ALFRED COLLETT BARTLEY Deceased.
Pursuant to an Order of the Chancery Division of the High Court of Justice England dated 23rd June 1919 and made an action In the Matter of the Estate of '''Alfred Collett Bartley''' deceased, Shelswell v. Bartiey 1919, B. 653 whereby the following Enquiries were directed that is to say : 1. An Enquiry what legacies were bequeathed, by the Will of the above-named Testator '''Alfred Collett Bartley''' after the death of the survivor of Testator's Wife and children in the event which has happened of child of the Testator having a child who attained a vested interest under the trusts of the Testator's Will in the residue of the Testator's Estate and what persons are now entitled to such legacies and for what interests therein they-are respectively so entitled. 2. An Enquiry whether any and if which the children of the Testator's brother '''[[Bartley-1945|Onesiphorus Windle Bartley]]''' were living on the 14th January 1919 (the date the death '''Emma Jane Bartley''' the last surviving child of the Testator) and whether any such children who were then alive have since died and if so who are their legal personal representatives. NOTICE Hereby Given that all persons claiming be entitled under the said Enquiries are on before the 27th JUNE to send post prepaid to Charles Eagleton Stuart Mason a. member of the firm of Mason & Co. of High Holborn London W.C.1, England. their full Christian and surnames, addresses and descriptions and full particulars of their claims or in default thereof they will be excluded from the benefit the said Order unless the Court Judge application otherwise orders. Claimants are to attend personally or by their Solicitor before Master Chitty at the Chambers of the Judge Room No. 173 Royal Courts of Justice. Strand. London, England, on WEDNESDAY, the 4th day of JULY 1934 at 12 o'clock noon being the time appointed for adjudicating upon the claims.
A Claimant not residing in England or Wales; must send with particulars of his claim the name and address of a person England or Wales to whom notices to the Claimant can be sent. Dated this 20th day December 1933. J. H. P. CHITTY. Master of the Supreme Court. NOTE.—The following persons amongst others may interested :
The issue of '''[[Bartley-1944|Elizabeth Jemima Applegate]]''' who were living at the date of her decease. The said Elizabeth Jemima Applegate stated to have died at Saint Martin, Guernsey, on 3rd April, 1880. If no issue then the survivors or survivor of '''[[Bartley-1946|Theodore Bryant Bartley]], Henry Bartley, Mary Bartley''' and '''Onesiphorus Bartley'''. The issue of '''Mary Bartley''' who were living the date her decease. The said '''Mary Bartley''' stated to have died at Lee, Devon, about 1877. If no issue then the survivors survivor '''Theodore Bryant Bartley, Henry Bartley, Elizabeth Jemima Applegate''' and '''Onesiphorus Bartley'''. The issue of '''Samuel Windle''' son of '''Samuel Windle''' who was the son of '''Simmons Windle''' the Testator's late Mother's father who were living at the date of his decease. The said '''Samuel Windle''' stated to have died Sheffield West York on 27th November 1859 If no issue then the surviving children of '''Onesiphorus Windle Bartley'''. '''Sarah Bartley, Ann Bartley, Maria Bartley''' and '''Jemima Bartiey''' the daughters of the late '''Nehemiah Bartley''' of Rathay Bristol. If survivor of the said four persons then the surviving children of '''Onesiphorus Windle Bartley'''. The legal personal representative of '''Theodore Bartley''' who is stated to have died at Longford Tasmania on 19th May 1864. The legal personal representative of '''Mrs Leguyer''' who stated to have died at Saint Brelade, Jersey, on 13th January 1880. The full name of the said Mrs Leguyer is staled to have been '''Mary Ann Leguyer'''. The legal personal representative '''Mary Patricia Booth''' who died at Basingstoke, Hants, on 25th November 1868. The said Mary Patricia Booth was described jn the Testator's Will as "Mrs Booth his Mother-in-law." The legal personal representative of '''Eliza Sarah Ring''' wife of '''Charles Ring''' who is stated have died at Streatham, London, on 4th September 1898. The legal personal representative of '''Mary Eliza Ring''' daughter the said '''Eliza Sarah Ring''' and '''Charles Ring'''. The said '''Mary Eliza Ring''' stated to have married '''George Hamilton Mortimer''' on 3rd May 1854 and to have died Carshalton, Surrey, on 28th March 1873. The legal personal representative of the said '''Charles Ring''' who died at Upper Tooting, Streatham, London, on 26th August, 1857. The legal personal reprsentative the '''Reverend Prebendary Hyam Burn''' who died Mendlesham. Suffolk, on 13th August 1876. The legal personal representative of '''William Wilson''' who is stated to have died at Mitcham, Surrey, on 5th July 1858. The legal personal representative of '''Captain Charles O'Hara Booth''' who stated have died at Newtown Hobart. Tasmania, 12th August, 1851. It is stated that the said '''Onesiphorus Windle Bartley''' resided at Nailsworth, Gloucestershire, and died on 20th August 1818. MASON & CO., 115, High Holborn. London, W.C.1., England. Reference: C 101/6344https://discovery.nationalarchives.gov.uk/details/r/C10864361
Short title: Bartley v Bartley.
Plaintiffs: Sarah Bartley, Ann Bartley, Maria Bartley and Jemima Bartley.
Defendants: George William Bartley and Horatio Nelson Bartley, Charles Bartley, Edward Bartley, John Millway and Hester Millway his wife, Nehemiah Bartley, William Bartley, Robert Bartley, Samuel Bartley, Selina Hester Anna Bartley and Elizabeth Victoria Bartley.
AND.
Plaintiffs: Sarah Bartley, Ann Bartley, Maria Bartley and Jemima Bartley.
Defendants: William Whitmore and Charles Ring.
Subject: property in City of Bristol.
Details: list of tenants, rents, receipts, disbursements.
Receiver: Robert Trout Hawley Bartley.
Chancery Master: Nassau Senior
Date: 1845-1847 Held by: The National Archives, Kew Reference: C 14/191/B67https://discovery.nationalarchives.gov.uk/details/r/C7925144
Cause number: 1844 B67.
Short title: Bartley v Bartley.
Documents: Bill, six answers, supplemental bill and answer.
Plaintiffs: Sarah Bartley spinster and others.
Defendants: George William Bartley, Selina Hester Ann Bartley, Eliza Victoria Bartley, Thomas Woodruffe Bartley (abroad), John Bartley (abroad), Horatio Nelson Bartley, Charles Bartley, Edward Bartley, John Willway, Hester Willway his wife, Nehemiah Bartley, William Bartley, Robert Bartley and Samuel Bartley.
Amended by supplementary bill 1845.Defendants: William Whitmore and Charles King.
Provincial solicitor employed in Bristol
Note: Details have been added from C 32/16, which also gives information about further process. Details of amendments are given for convenience (look for orders in C 33: these documents are not included here).
Date: 1844 Held by: The National Archives, Kew Reference: C 14/1088/B78https://discovery.nationalarchives.gov.uk/details/r/C7937422
Cause number: 1850 B78.
Short title: Bartley v Bartley.
Documents: Bill, four answers.
Plaintiffs: Ann Bartley spinster and others.
Defendants: George William Bartley, Robert Bartley, Robert Trout Hawley Bartley, John Bartley, Thomas Woodruff Bartley, Horatio Nelson Bartley, Charles Bartley, Edward Bartley, John Willway and Hester Willway his wife, Selina Hester Ann Bartley, Eliza Victoria Bartley, Nehemiah Bartley, William Bartley and Samuel Bartley.
Amended by order to revive 1853.
Plaintiffs: Ann Bartley spinster and another.
Defendant: Robert Bartley.
Provincial solicitor employed in Bristol
Note: Details have been added from C 32/21, which also gives information about further process. Details of amendments are given for convenience (look for orders in C 33: these documents are not included here).
Date: 1850 Held by: The National Archives, Kew === Alfred Collett Bartley === Alfred Collett, child of William Bartley and Mary Collett, was born on 11 October 1786 and baptised in Bristol, Bristol, England. '''Baptism''': "Bristol, England, Non-Conformist Baptism, Marriage and Burial Registers, 1644-1981"
Bristol Archives; Bristol, England; Bristol Non-Conformist Registers; Reference: 14585/SF/R/1/1
{{Ancestry Sharing|1846760|2096cedca2eeabc1cd866277f2f88f0be26741481f4636639b8210a7c4557676}} - {{Ancestry Record|61689|76872|uk}} (accessed 17 February 2023)
Alfred Collett Bartley baptism (born 11 Oct 1786), child of William Bartley & Mary Bartley, in Bristol, Bristol, England. Alfred Collett married Charlotte O'hara Booth on 18 October 1831 in Old Basing, Hampshire, England. '''Marriage''': "England, Select Marriages, 1538-1973"
England, Marriages, 1538-1973. Salt Lake City, Utah: FamilySearch, 2013; FHL Film Number: 1041200
{{Ancestry Record|9852|33238816|uk}} (accessed 17 February 2023)
Alfred Collett Bartley marriage to Charlotte O'Hara Booth on 18 Oct 1831 in Old Basing, Hampshire, England. Alfred Collett Burtley died in about 1845 in Mitcham, Surrey, England. Their will passed probate on 3 June 1845. '''Will''': "England & Wales, Prerogative Court of Canterbury Wills, 1384-1858"
The National Archives; Kew, Surrey, England; Records of the Prerogative Court of Canterbury, Series PROB 11; Class: PROB 11; Piece: 2018
{{Ancestry Sharing|1529949|d68ccdfeb4a3cf83626c1ef7ade94ff48d2069658e02e4b44b480f20d8fd4526}} - {{Ancestry Record|5111|387886|uk}} (accessed 17 February 2023)
Will of Alfred Collett Burtley Esq, granted probate on 3 Jun 1845. Died about 1845 in Mitcham, Surrey, England. :Children :Charlotte Eliza Mawby, child of Alfred Collett Bartley and Charlotte O Hara Bartley, was baptised on 13 October 1835 in Mitcham, St Peter and St Paul, Surrey, England. '''Baptism''': "Surrey, England, Church of England Baptisms, 1813-1917"
Surrey History Centre; Woking, Surrey, England; Surrey Church of England Parish Registers; Reference: P40/1/11
{{Ancestry Sharing|1846807|79437ece06793a5901ea2cdd361ddabb844fcc3828c7d925e1ea9af0d00807de}} - {{Ancestry Record|4772|1294219|uk}} (accessed 17 February 2023)
Charlotte Eliza Mawby Bartley baptism on 13 Oct 1835, child of Alfred Collett Bartley & Charlotte O Hara Bartley, in Mitcham, St Peter and St Paul, Surrey, England. :In the 1851 census Emma (age 13) was with her mother and sister in Mitcham, Surrey, England. '''1851 Census''': "1851 England Census"
Class: HO107; Piece: 1602; Folio: 139; Page: 13; GSU roll: 193500-193501; ED, institution, or vessel: 4d; Household Schedule Number: 61
{{Ancestry Sharing|1846832|8eca8ac3aed71d9b6ef01fd821ed459b1aae40a351e91aed2e3771c01d5e6858}} - {{Ancestry Record|uki1851|1294793|uk}} (accessed 17 February 2023)
Emma Bartley (13) daughter in household of Charlotte Bartley (54) in Mitcham in Croydon registration district in Surrey, England. Born in Mitcham, Surrey, England. The Will of Alfred Collett Bartley, Mitcham Green, Surrey *Charlotte O'hara Bartley (wife) *George Bartley the elder Esq (executor & trustee) *Charles Ring Esq (executor & trustee) *Rev Prebendary Hyam Burn (executor & trustee) *William Wilson Esq (executor & trustee) *Mrs Booth (mother-in-law) *Charlotte Eliza Mawby Bartley & Emma Jane Bartley (daughters) *Lady Carlisle *Miss Baughan *General Mawby *Mr Archdeacon Hoare *Lancelot Chambers Esq & Mrs Chambers *James Moore Esq *Theodore Bryant Bartley of Kerry Lodge Launceston, Freehold moiety of "Cape of Good Hope" in London *Elizabeth Jemima Applegate (niece, widow), Copyhold of Manor of Fauxhall *Her sister Mary Bartley *Their brother Henry Bartley in Canada *Onesiphorus Bartley in Canada *My late brother Onesiphorus Windle Bartley M.D. of Bristol *Lady Carlisle & George West, *Late brother Edwin Young Bartley *Samuel Windle, son of Samuel Windle. son of Simmons Windle Esq, my late dear mother's father, late of Clieve Hill House *Sarah, Ann, Maria, & Jemima Bartley, daughters of the late Nehemiah Bartley Esq of Rathay, Bristol *Theodore Bartley, son of Theodore Bryant Bartley *Mrs Leguyer *Eliza Sarah wife of Charles Ring *Their daughters Mary Eliza and Catharine Amelia Ring *Sister in law Amelia Booth *Captain Com? James Booth *Captain Charles O'Hara Booth *Lieut. Augustus St Clair Booth written 1 Dec 1841 Alfred Collett Burtley died in about 1845 in Mitcham, Surrey, England. Their will passed probate on 3 June 1845. '''Will''': "England & Wales, Prerogative Court of Canterbury Wills, 1384-1858"
The National Archives; Kew, Surrey, England; Records of the Prerogative Court of Canterbury, Series PROB 11; Class: PROB 11; Piece: 2018
{{Ancestry Sharing|1529949|d68ccdfeb4a3cf83626c1ef7ade94ff48d2069658e02e4b44b480f20d8fd4526}} - {{Ancestry Record|5111|387886|uk}} (accessed 2 February 2023)
Will of Alfred Collett Burtley Esq, granted probate on 3 Jun 1845. Died about 1845 in Mitcham, Surrey, England. === Onesiphorus Windle Bartley === Onesiphorus, son of William Bartley and Mary, was born on 7 September 1778 in Phillip and Jacob in Bristol, England. '''Birth''': "England & Wales, Quaker Birth, Marriage, and Death Registers, 1578-1837"
The National Archives; Kew, England; General Register Office: Society of Friends' Registers, Notes and Certificates of Births, Marriages and Burials; Class: RG 6; Piece: 1486
{{Ancestry Sharing|1846999|a8446fa4a76d3501e32a78527b9e0365fe2719a41e09477c576a4ceda33bc08c}} - {{Ancestry Record|7097|53244|uk}} (accessed 17 February 2023)
Onesiphorus Windle born on 7 Sep 1778, son of William Bartley & Mary, in Phillip and Jacob in Bristol, England. *Onesiphorus Windle married Elizabeth Bryant on 4 March 1800 in Bradford on Avon, Wiltshire, England. '''Marriage''': "Wiltshire, England, Church of England Marriages and Banns, 1754-1916"
Wiltshire and Swindon History Centre; Chippenham, Wiltshire, England; Reference Number: 883/6
{{Ancestry Sharing|1446282|f2140411b38b2f4fe1bdfdd59d44feef17fed6b99d2c87e7928f44ed2e52f3aa}} - {{Ancestry Record|61189|2492437|uk}} (accessed 17 February 2023)
Onesiphorus Windle Bartley marriage to Elizabeth Bryant on 4 Mar 1800 in Bradford on Avon, Wiltshire, England. *Mary Ann, daughter of Onesiphorus Windle Bartley and Elizabeth Bartley, was born on 29 June 1801 and baptised on 24 July 1801 in Bradford on Avon, Wiltshire, England. '''Baptism''': "Wiltshire, England, Church of England Baptisms, Marriages and Burials, 1538-1812"
Wiltshire and Swindon History Centre; Chippenham, Wiltshire, England; Wiltshire Church of England Parish Registers; Reference Number: 883/4
{{Ancestry Sharing|1446298|a508f91698773d873e427883dc0135ab489d80e4c3d535d5de5c706f2e841597}} - {{Ancestry Record|61187|2460717|uk}} (accessed 17 February 2023)
Mary Ann Bartley baptism on 24 Jul 1801 (born 29 Jun 1801), daughter of Onesiphorus Windle Bartley & Elizabeth Bartley, in Bradford on Avon, Wiltshire, England. *Theodore Bryant, child of [Onesiphorus &] Elizabeth Bartley, was born on 22 September 1803 and baptised in 1803 in Nailsworth, St George, Gloucestershire, England. '''Baptism''': "Gloucestershire, England, Church of England Baptisms, Marriages and Burials, 1538-1813"
Gloucestershire Archives; Gloucester, Gloucestershire; Gloucestershire Church of England Parish Registers; Reference Number: P223 in 1/1
{{Ancestry Sharing|1463693|6f9614bfe3721f23b977151c97767e753de1e7aa295ab82d898dc38cfcda76b9}} - {{Ancestry Record|4732|16265857|uk}} (accessed 17 February 2023)
Theodore Bryant Bartley baptism in 1803 (born 22 Sep 1803), child of Elizabeth Bartley, in Nailsworth, St George, Gloucestershire, England. *Henry, child of Onesiphars Bartly and Elizth Bartly, was baptised on 25 June 1809 in Nailsworth, St George, Gloucestershire, England. '''Baptism''': "Gloucestershire, England, Church of England Baptisms, Marriages and Burials, 1538-1813"
Gloucestershire Archives; Gloucester, Gloucestershire; Gloucestershire Church of England Parish Registers; Reference Number: P223 in 1/1
{{Ancestry Sharing|1463701|c1d7ec491a66c30daeb44a90c6779e44933506c37507eb5a671efb2996d2bfe3}} - {{Ancestry Record|4732|16265940|uk}} (accessed 17 February 2023)
Henry Bartly baptism on 25 Jun 1809, child of Onesiphars Bartly & Elizth Bartly, in Nailsworth, St George, Gloucestershire, England. *Elizth Jemima, child of Onesiphurus Bartly and Elizth Bartly, was baptised on 25 June 1809 in Nailsworth, St George, Gloucestershire, England. '''Baptism''': "Gloucestershire, England, Church of England Baptisms, Marriages and Burials, 1538-1813"
Gloucestershire Archives; Gloucester, Gloucestershire; Gloucestershire Church of England Parish Registers; Reference Number: P223 in 1/1
{{Ancestry Sharing|1443858|9cebba0685e82b3db001ee4076ebf721fa8a62d2f3911b4b9e427594b48052a6}} - {{Ancestry Record|4732|16265941|uk}} (accessed 17 February 2023)
Elizth Jemima Bartly baptism on 25 Jun 1809, child of Onesiphurus Bartly & Elizth Bartly, in Nailsworth, St George, Gloucestershire, England. Henry and Elizabeth were both baptised after their mother's death. Eliz was buried on 4 April 1809 in Horsley, Gloucestershire, England. '''Burial''': "Gloucestershire, England, Church of England Baptisms, Marriages and Burials, 1538-1813"
Gloucestershire Archives; Gloucester, Gloucestershire; Gloucestershire Church of England Parish Registers; Reference Number: Gdr/V1/134
{{Ancestry Sharing|1446419|dc3418effbacb2ad0c6047130ad30535cb7f7f8f32d0e565493756c354342e9a}} - {{Ancestry Record|4732|14025967|uk}} (accessed 17 February 2023)
Eliz Bartley burial on 4 Apr 1809 in Horsley, Gloucestershire, England. Onisiphorus Windle married Mary Ann Collett on 20 December 1809 in Corsham, Wiltshire, England. '''Marriage''': "England, Select Marriages, 1538-1973"
England, Marriages, 1538-1973. Salt Lake City, Utah: FamilySearch, 2013; FHL Film Number: 1279386
{{Ancestry Record|9852|7510001|uk}} (accessed 17 February 2023)
Onisiphorus Windle Bartley marriage to Mary Ann Collett on 20 Dec 1809 in Corsham, Wiltshire, England. *Onesiphorus, child of Onesiphorus Windle Bartley and Mary Bartley, was born on 4 April 1815 and baptised in Bristol, Bristol, England. '''Baptism''': "Bristol, England, Non-Conformist Baptism, Marriage and Burial Registers, 1644-1981"
Bristol Archives; Bristol, England; Bristol Non-Conformist Registers; Reference: 14585/SF/R/1/1
{{Ancestry Sharing|1847103|ac3c08420e07a94c8c6c407a67cf4a6660020af0cbb428658134cd4ea17dd9fe}} - {{Ancestry Record|61689|81279|uk}} (accessed 17 February 2023)
Onesiphorus Bartley baptism (born 4 Apr 1815), child of Onesiphorus Windle Bartley & Mary Bartley, in Bristol, Bristol, England. === Nehemiah Bartley === Which one is related to Onesiphorus Windle Bartley and how? This one is his brother - Nehemiah, son of William Bartley and Mary, was born on 22 August 1782 in Philip and Jacob Bristol, England. '''Birth''': "England & Wales, Quaker Birth, Marriage, and Death Registers, 1578-1837"
The National Archives; Kew, England; General Register Office: Society of Friends' Registers, Notes and Certificates of Births, Marriages and Burials; Class: RG 6; Piece: 305
{{Ancestry Sharing|1846984|ceed4c92676225352b65f67a809c574246b0e6519bd1069ac700ac6cf7336d07}} - {{Ancestry Record|7097|409705|uk}} (accessed 17 February 2023)
Nehemiah Bartley born on 22 Aug 1782, son of William Bartley & Mary, in Philip and Jacob Bristol, England. Nehemiah Bartley married Sarah Trout - I'm guessing this must be Williams brother and Onesiphorus' uncle. :Court of Chancery 1855 Nehemiah and Sarah had 11 children. Sarah (deceased by 1855), Ann, Maria (deceased by 1855), Jemima, Nehemiah (deceased 1834)*, George (deceased 1842), Thomas, William, Robert, John and Samuel.https://archive.org/details/reportscasesdec01smalgoog/page/384/mode/2up?q=%22Nehemiah+Bartley%22 Reports of cases decided in the High Court of Chancery, in 1852 [-1859] ... by Sir Richard Torin Kindersley, vice-chancellor Pub 1853 London V&R Stevens and GS Norton Also https://books.google.fr/books?id=8gEwAAAAIAAJ&lpg=PA384&ots=SGxzOxtgu8&dq=%22Nehemiah%20Bartley%22&pg=PA384#v=onepage&q=%22Nehemiah%20Bartley%22&f=false :1772 Feb 23. Nehemiah Bartley of Temple, Bristol, Distiller, and Sarah Trout of St. Philip and Jacob, same city, Spinster, md. 'in the chapel of St. Katherine.' JV. Mary Hawkins, James Fairbaim.[https://archive.org/details/NorthernNotesAndQueries3/page/n135/mode/2up?q=%22Nehemiah+Bartley%22 Register of Marriages for the English Episcopal Chapel in Hadingtoun,N. Britain.] Northern notes and queries or the Scottish antiquary Publication date 1889 Internet Archive Nehemiah died in about 1823 and was buried on 13 September 1823 in Broadmead, Bristol, England. '''Burial''': "Bristol, England, Non-Conformist Baptism, Marriage and Burial Registers, 1644-1981"
Bristol Archives; Bristol, England; Bristol Non-Conformist Registers; Reference: 30251/BD/RS/5
{{Ancestry Sharing|1846741|3282b5720a4a6bbc8b744014ef19b39442be18b011b59f4363bb318abe4e6b1a}} - {{Ancestry Record|61689|132278|uk}} (accessed 17 February 2023)
Nehemiah Bartley burial (died in about 1823) on 13 Sep 1823 in Broadmead, Bristol, England. Sept. 8, in the 75th year of his age. Mr. Bartley, of Cathay, formerly a distiller, in this city. [https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0001044/18230913/029/0003 Bristol Mirror - Saturday 13 September 1823] That makes him born 1748, so likely William's brother. :Nehemiah* married Hester Taylor on 23 February 1805 in Saint George, Bristol, Gloucester, England. - This is the son of Nehemiah '''Marriage''': "England, Select Marriages, 1538-1973"
England, Marriages, 1538-1973. Salt Lake City, Utah: FamilySearch, 2013; FHL Film Number: 1596528
{{Ancestry Record|9852|19203641|uk}} (accessed 17 February 2023)
Nehemiah Bartley marriage to Hester Taylor on 23 Feb 1805 in Saint George, Bristol, Gloucester, England. :Nehemiah died in about 1834 in Saint Philip Jacob, Gloucestershire, England. Their will passed probate on 10 September 1834. '''Will''': "England & Wales, Prerogative Court of Canterbury Wills, 1384-1858"
The National Archives; Kew, Surrey, England; Records of the Prerogative Court of Canterbury, Series PROB 11; Class: PROB 11; Piece: 1835
{{Ancestry Sharing|1846614|b0b9309c43db65799bc8fdb9f230a1830d23e6ccd04440747bd59f41d8fecefc}} - {{Ancestry Record|5111|335412|uk}} (accessed 17 February 2023)
Will of Nehemiah Bartley, granted probate on 10 Sep 1834. Died about 1834 in Saint Philip Jacob, Gloucestershire, England. Brother George, wife Hester, daughter Hester married John Millway ::Nehemiah married Mary Ann Lucas on 27 April 1829 in St Mary, Lewisham, Lewisham, England. '''Marriage''': "London, England, Church of England Marriages and Banns, 1754-1938"
London Metropolitan Archives; London, England; London Church of England Parish Registers; Reference Number: P86/Mry/022
{{Ancestry Sharing|1848852|cc86b8da37c6d106291686cf30997823f721f393860fda1442fdb79ac55149df}} - {{Ancestry Record|1623|1716330|uk}} (accessed 17 February 2023)
Nehemiah Bartley marriage to Mary Ann Lucas on 27 Apr 1829 in St Mary, Lewisham, Lewisham, England. This is probably the father of Theodore's cousin, below. Theodore's cousin Nehemiah (born 1830) https://adb.anu.edu.au/biography/bartley-nehemiah-2948 son of Nehemiah and Mary Ann Lucas == Sources ==
Bartnett Genealogical Sources
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Bartomeo-1's DNA
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Barton DNA Group Project Sanbox
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Barton Family Photos
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Barton Place Farm
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"John Merivale’s retiring nature and inherited wealth meant he neither wanted nor needed to earn a living, and when his uncle Walter Shellaber died in 1780 he inherited the estate at Annery, which he sold and used the money to build a country house, Barton Place, which still stands near Cowley Bridge. Here he lived the life of a gentleman looking after his small estate and ensuring a good education and social connections for his son and daughters." http://edgt.org.uk/merivale-family.htmlThe Wreford family lived at Barton Place Farm for nearly 70 years. [[Wreford-139|William Wreford]] became tenant of the farm in the early 19th century. The earliest record of William at Barton Place was in December 1810, when he placed an advertisement for two stray lambs to be collected. He was referred to as 'the Hind, on Barton Place'. Exeter Flying Post 13 December 1810, p4, c4 [https://search.findmypast.co.uk/bna/viewarticle?id=bl%2f0000103%2f18101213%2f009&stringtohighlight=wreford%20barton%20place via FindMyPast] A hind was a farm labourer who lived in a cottage belonging to the farm and did general work on the farm."A Dictionary of Occupational Terms Based on the Classification of Occupations used in the Census of Population, 1921, Ministry of Labour, 1927. Digitised by Peter Christian, August, 2016. [via http://doot.spub.co.uk/code.php?value=024] His son, also named, [[Wreford-91|William Wreford]], took on the tenancy after his father died in 1841, and remained there until his death in 1879. == Notes == *Not to be confused with Barton Place Farm in the parish of Barton Mills, Suffolk *Location of Barton Place Farm on modern map - [https://www.google.com/maps/place/50.7468074,-3.5397112 GoogleMaps] *Accounts of a B.P . Sampson between the 1896 - 1950 are held at the Devon Archives [https://discovery.nationalarchives.gov.uk/results/r?_q=%22barton+place+farm%22 via National Archives] == Newspaper Mentions == === 1810s === "STRAYED LAMBS.
TWO HOG LAMBS having lately been found in a Field near Mary-Poll-Head, whoever can prove them to be their property, may have them restored, on payment for their keep and the expence of advertising, on application to Mr. William Wreford, the HInd, on Barton Place.
December 12th, 1810." [https://search.findmypast.co.uk/bna/viewarticle?id=bl%2f0000103%2f18101213%2f009&stringtohighlight=wreford%20barton%20place Exeter Flying Post 13 December 1810, p4, c4] "To DAIRYMEN and OTHERS.
LANDS at BARTON PLACE, parish of St. David, EXETER.
TO be LET by publich survey, at the Old London Inn, in Exeter, at six o'clock in the afternoon, of Saturday the third day of August, for a term of seven years, from Michaelmas next, the following CLOSES of good ARABLE, MEADOW, and PASTURE GROUND.
Lot 1.- Twho closes, called BELLEVUE and CANARY FIELDS, containing together about 14 acres.
Lot 2.- Four closes, called BOUND-STONE, LILLY MARSH, EIGHT ACRES, and CROCKER's FIELD, containing together about 25 acres. Lot 3.- Two closes, called The TEN ACRES and The FOURTEEN ACRES, containing together about 22 acres.
N.B. The taker may also be accommodated with teh use of a Barn and Threshing-Mill.
For viewing the fame, and for further particulars, apply to Mr. Wm. Wreford, the hind at Barton Place aforesaid.
Dated Exeter, 3d July, 1811." [https://search.findmypast.co.uk/bna/viewarticle?id=bl%2f0000103%2f18110725%2f002&stringtohighlight=wreford%20barton%20place Exeter Flying Post, 25 July 1811, p1, c4] "BARTON PLACE, Parish of St. David, EXETER.
TO be LET for a term of years, either entire or in lots, about Sixty Acres of PASTURE and TILLAGE GROUND. The lease to begin at Michaelmas, but the tenant may rent and take possession of the ground from Midsummer.
For a view of the premises, and farther particulars, apply to William Wreford, the hind, at Barton Place.
The tenant may be accommodated with the use of a barn and thrashing-machine. -About 60 couple of fine EWES and LAMBS, &c. &c. to be disposed of. Enquire as above." [https://search.findmypast.co.uk/bna/viewarticle?id=bl%2f0000103%2f18120604%2f002&stringtohighlight=wreford%20barton%20farm Exeter Flying Post 04 June 1812, p1, c4] "BARTON PLACE,
Near COWLEY BRIDGE, EXETER.
TO be LET, for a Term of 21 Years, determinable at the end of the first 10 or 14 Years, by either party, all that desirable FARM, (part of the capital Messuage and Lands, called BARTON PLACE;) consisting of a commodious dwelling-house and offices, with about 108 acres of arable, meadow, pasture, and orchard land, situate in the parish of St. David, near Cowley Bridge, about two miles from Exeter.
For this purpose a survey will be held at the Star Inn, in the city of Exeter, on Friday the 21st day of this inst. August, by four o'clock in the afternoon; and in the mean time the estate may be viewed, by application to Mr. Wreford, the Hind at Barton Place; and further information may be had of Messrs. Eales and James, attornies-at-law, in Exeter.
Exeter, August 11, 1818." [https://search.findmypast.co.uk/bna/viewarticle?id=bl%2f0000103%2f18180813%2f011&stringtohighlight=wreford%20barton%20farm Exeter Flying Post 13 August 1818, p4, c4] === 1840s === "''Serious Accident''. -On Friday last, as some men were unloading a cart belonging to Mr. William Wreford, of Barton Farm, near Cowley Bridge on the new Tiverton road,in backing the horses the cart was driven too near the edge of the road and precipitated over the embankment into the stream below, when two valuable horses were unfortunately drowned, and the cart materially damaged." [https://search.findmypast.co.uk/bna/viewarticle?id=bl%2f0000328%2f18411202%2f016&stringtohighlight=wreford%20barton%20farm North Devon Journal, 02 December 1841, p3, c4] "On the night of the 1st inst., a lamb, the property of Mr. Wreford, was killed on Barton Farm, St. David's. The carcase was carried off - the skin and entrails were left in the field." [https://search.findmypast.co.uk/bna/viewarticle?id=bl%2f0000265%2f18430812%2f014&stringtohighlight=wreford%20barton%20farm Western Times, 12 August 1843, p3, c3] === 1850s === "LAMB STEALING.
-Two lambs, belonging to Mr. William Wreford, of Barton Place Farm, in the parish of St. David's, were stolen from a field, on Friday night or Saturday morning last. The skins and heads of the animals were left behind. A reward of £10 has been offered for the apprehension of the offenders." [https://search.findmypast.co.uk/bna/viewarticle?id=bl%2f0000265%2f18551013%2f021&stringtohighlight=barton%20place%20farm Western Times 13 October 1855, p5, c4] === 1860s === "A SOLDIER TURNED BURGLAR.
-A man calling himself Smith was commited for trial last week for a burglary committed near Moreton. It was then discovered by the boots he wore, that he is a deserter, and a sergeant of the Carbineers stationed here, indentifed him as one of that regiment, whose real name is Davey. He committed a burglary about a month ago at Barton Place Farm, near Cowley Bridge." [https://search.findmypast.co.uk/bna/viewarticle?id=bl%2f0000265%2f18611005%2f014&stringtohighlight=barton%20place%20farm Western Times, 05 October 1861 p5, c5] "Wm. Dodge, who stated that he was a drover, was brought up Mr. Wreford, of Barton Place Farm, Cowley Bridge, for getting into a hay-loft on the above farm that morning. Mr. Wreford stated that he was awakened by the dog barking about three o'clock in the morning, and on getting up and going to the hay-loft, he found the prisoner there, and at once brought him to the Station-house. Prisoner said he had come from Tiverton, and only went there for the purpose of resting himself; he was on his road to Yeovil, where he had friends; he had driven cattle for many persons in the county, and named Mr. H. Bond, of Exeter, as one of those who had employed him. The Bench, after cuationing the prisoner as to his future conduct, dismissed him. "[https://search.findmypast.co.uk/bna/viewarticle?id=bl%2f0000265%2f18611221%2f045&stringtohighlight=barton%20place%20farm Western Times, 21 December 1861, p11, c3] "''Thomas Andrews'', a young lad, was charged with stealing apples from the orchard of Mr. Wreford, of Barton Farm, Cowley, on Sunday last. Mr. Floud appeared for the prosecution. Latterly the farm has been subject to frequent depredations; on Sunday, the prisoner, with about a score of other youngsters, entered the orchard by climbing over the gate and helped themselves freely to the apples. Mr. Wreford and his son, John, came up at the time, adn gave chase; the defendant, who was captured, threw away some of the tempting fruit. The Bench were asked to be as lenient as possible; all that Mr. Wreford wanted was to caution other boys. Mr. Hooper addressed the defendant impressively on the serious crime he had committed, and said he had to thank Mr. Wreford for his appeal. He must pay a fine of 5s and costs; in default a week's imprisonment." [https://search.findmypast.co.uk/bna/viewarticle?id=bl%2f0000265%2f18661106%2f048&stringtohighlight=wreford%20barton%20farm Western Times, 06 November 1866, p6, c3] "ANOTHER FIRE.
-A rick of hay, the property of Mr. W. Wreford, of Barton Place Farm, near Cowley Bridge, was totally destroyed by fire last night. The fire was discovered soon after its outbreak - about six o'clock - but the flames spread so rapidly that all attempts to extinguish them proved unavailing. The rick was situate in a field adjoining the lane leading to Marypole Head; and there was no water nearer than the river at Cowley Bridge. The fire brigades could under the circumstances have rendered little or no service, and the engines were not sent for. The only property near was another large rick of hay on the opposite side of the lane, belonging to Mr. Connett; but the wind was fortunately blowing in an opposite direction. The rick must have been fired - whether wilfully or accidentally is not known; but the fact that a similar occurrence took place in the same neighbourhood on Friday afternoon seems to point to the former supposition. About £50 worth of hay was burnt. It was not insured." [https://search.findmypast.co.uk/bna/viewarticle?id=bl%2f0000934%2f18680217%2f005&stringtohighlight=barton%20place%20farm Express and Echo, 17 February 1868, p1, c3] EXETER POLICE COURT, THIS DAY. -Before R. Sanders, J. Templeton, W. Tombs, and S. S. Bastard, Esqrs. -GEO. PONSFORD, a boy, about 13 years of age was brought up in custody charged with feloniously setting fire to a rick of hay, the property of Mr. W. Wreford, of Barton Place Farm, St. David's. On Sunday evening Mr. Wreford had a rick of hay worth between £40 and £50 destroyed by fire. The fire was seen soon after it broke out, and the prisoner having passed the rick only a few minutes previously, suspicion attached to him. He was in the service of the prosecutor, and passed the rick on his road home from the marsh, whether he had been sent for the cows. It was ascertained that he had matches in his possession, and having given contradictory and improbable stories about his conduct, he was given into custody, charged with having set fire to the rick. Mr. Wreford told him he had better tell the truth about it; and the prisoner then said- "Yes; I did do it. I had a match and struck it on a stone and set fire to some loose hay that was close to the rick, and then lighted the browse." The "browse" consisted of some faggots, which had formed the foundation of a former rick, and was close to the hayrick. The boy added that when he got further up the lane he looked back and saw the rick burning. On the application of Mr. Floud, who appeared for the prosecution, the prisoner was remanded until Saturday. Additional evidence will then be produced shewing that the prisoner was the only person near the rick soon after the fire broke out. [https://search.findmypast.co.uk/bna/viewarticle?id=bl%2f0000934%2f18680220%2f007&stringtohighlight=barton%20place%20farm Express and Echo, 20 February 1868, p1 c4] "SETTING A HAY-RICK ON FIRE.- ''George Ponsford'', a little boy about 12 or 14 years old, was charged on his own confession, with setting a hay-rick on fire on Sunday last. -Mr. William Wreyford said he was a farmer living at Barton Place Farm, Cowley. The prisoner was in his employ. About five or six o'clock on Sunday last, he observed his rick was on fire whilst going through the fields. He went home to get assistance, and saw the boy there, and said to him, "The hay-rick is on fire," to which he replied, "Is it." He then got a ladder and went to the rick, the boy carrying the ladder. The boy had to fetch the cows from a meadow adjoining the Bristol and Exeter railway. He would have passed the rick in taking the cows home to their sheds. They then tried to put the fire out, but the whole of the rick was destroyed. The boy said he had struck a match on the stone and set fire to some hay to burn faggots by the rick. Inspector Martin said the prisoner on being taken into custody by him confessed that he did it, and said he lit a match to set fire to some loose hay and faggots, and saw it burning when half way up the lane. -Mr. Floud. who appeared to prosecute, asked for a remand, which was granted to Saturday next." [https://search.findmypast.co.uk/bna/viewarticle?id=bl%2f0000229%2f18680221%2f024&stringtohighlight=barton%20place%20farm Exeter and Plymouth Gazette, 21 February 1868, p9, c5] "INCENDIARISM.- GEORGE PONSFORD, a boy 14 years of age, was brought up on remand, charged with setting fire to a hayrick, the property of his master, Mr. W. Wreford of Barton Place Farm, St. David's. Mr. Floud, who appeared for the prosecution, said there was substantially no evidence against the accused beyond his own confession that he had committed the arson. That confession was obtained after pressure, and under circumstances which would probably be held by the judge to amount to a promise; and it would therefore be inadmissible as evidence. Moreover, if it were taken at all it must be taken as a whole; and while fully acknowledging that he had fired the rick he also added that he didn't try to do it. Acting under his advice, the prosecutor therefore would not proceed further with the case, unless the Bench directed him to do so. It was impossible to divine any notice for the act, as the prisoner had always been on good terms with his master. The Chairman cautioned the boy as to his future conduct, and dismissed him." [https://search.findmypast.co.uk/bna/viewarticle?id=bl%2f0000934%2f18680222%2f010&stringtohighlight=barton%20place%20farm Express and Echo, 22 February 1868, p1, c3] === 1870s === 31 Dec 1872 Shotgun death of son - see [[Wreford-146|John Wreford]] "DANGER OF LOADED GUNS.
- An inquest before Mr. Coroner Hooper was held at the Cowley Bridge Inn yesterday on the body of John Wreford, a young man whose death was caused by the discharge of a gun.
-Mr. William Wreford of Barton Farm, father of the deceased, said his son was 24 years of age and lived with him. On Tuesday he was at work in the courtyard - where witness last saw him about two o'clock. Deceased had been ill about a fortnight and was under medical care, but there was nothing peculiar about him at the time. Witness went out and returned about six, when his daughter informed him that deceased had not been home since dinner. He then went into the farmyard, and seeing a lad there, asked him if he had seen John. The lad said he had seen him go into the cellar-chamber, and on going there he found the door open. He went upstairs, and on reaching the top discovered the deceased lying on his back with his feet towards the stairs. There was a quantity of blood on the floor; lying across the feet of the deceased was a double-barrelled gun, the butt-end of which was towards the window. The gun was usually kept in the room, and witness put it there loaded and capped on Thursday, last week. Frank Gribble deposed to seeing the deceased several times during the afternoon when he came in and out of the courtyard. Witness was in the linhay about a quarter to four, when deceased came in and spoke to him about some wood. He then came in from the linhay and went up to the cellar-chamber, and in about five minutes after witness heard the report of a gun. He took no notice of this as there were several persons about shooting, and he thought the sound proceeded from one of their guns.
-Mr. Cumming, surgeon, said he had attended deceased from the 15th to the 22nd December for a sore throat. He was called to attend the deceased again on Tuesday evening, when he found him in the cellar-chamber lying on his back quite dead. On examination of his head he found a large wound on the left ear, and also a wound on the other side of the head; under the deceased's body was an iron stay of a waggon. He examined the gun and found the left hand barrel had been discharged, while the other remained at half-cock. The discharge of the gun must have entered the left side of the head and penetrated through, causing instantaneous death. The jury returned an open verdict - "That deceased's death resulted from a gun-shot wound, but how or by what means inflicted there was no evidence to show." " [https://search.findmypast.co.uk/bna/viewarticle?id=bl%2f0000265%2f18730103%2f026&stringtohighlight=john%20wreford Western Times, 03 January 1873, p8, c1] "SAD DEATH OF A FARMER'S SON.
-An inquest was held at the Cowley Bridge Inn, yesterday, before H. W. Hooper, Esq., city coroner, on the body of John Wreford, who met his death on Tuesday last, from a gun wound in the head.
-Mr. Wm. Wreford, the father of the deceased, said he was a yeoman, residing at Barton Farm. His son was twenty-four years of age, and lived with him, assisting him in the work of the farm. On Tuesday last he was at work in the courtyard. He saw him there about two o'clock. He had directed him to repair a waggon, and informed him that he would find material for his purpose in the loft over the cellar. He did not see him afterwards alive. They dined together at one o'clock, and his son then appeared in good health. He had been ill about a fortnight before, and was then under medical care. He had never observed anything peculiar in his mind, and that he was both temperate and sober. He knew of nothing that was likely to disturb his mind. About six o'clock he (witness) returned to the farm, and his daughter then told him that the deceased was not at home, that he had not been in since dinner. He then went into the yard, and saw his servant boy, who told him that he had seen his son going towards the cellar. He obtained a light, and went there. The cellar door was open, and also the door of the loft. He went up-stairs, and in the chamber he found the body of his son, lying on its back. His feet were towards the stairs. He was quite dead, apparently having been shot through the head. There was a double-barrelled gun lying by his body, the butt being across his son's thigh. The gun was usually kept in the loft. Sometimes it was loaded and sometimes it was not. He (witness) put the gun there on Thursday, and he knew that it was loaded and capped. He had been out shooting that day. It would have been necessary for the deceased to go into the loft to get the material to repair the waggon. Deceased certainly had not appeared so cheerful in the past month as before.
-By a Juryman: His son knew that it was his habit to leave the gun there. He was aware that at times it was left there loaded. He saw no material that he had picked out for repairing the waggon.
-Mr. Cumming said he took a long iron stay from under the deceased's body; he must have fallen on it, and that evidently was not the place of it.
-Frank Gribble, a farm boy in Mr. Wreford's employ, said on Tuesday afternoon he saw the deceased mending a waggon. About a quarter to four he (witness) was in the linhay, and the deceased came in. He asked him if he should cut up some dry wood, and he then gave him two posts to cut up. He saw him leave the linhay and go up-stairs into the loft. About five minutes afterwards he heard the report of a gun, but he did not know whether it proceeded from the chamber of from anybody shooting near, and he took no notice of it. He heard nothing more about deceased until his master came home. When he spoke to him deceased appeared to be in his usual spirits.
-Mr. A. Cumming, surgeon, said he attended the deceased from the 15th to the 22nd December last for a sore throat. During the time he attended him he never observed anything the matter with his mind. He had attended him before, and he appeared to be in his usual natural state. He was sent for on Tuesday last, and saw the body of the deceased in the cellar chamber. He was quite dead. There was a gunshot wound through the head just above the ears. Under the body was an iron stay of a waggon. He saw a gun, which was then placed in an old corn-bin. The left-hand barrel had been discharged, and the right was loaded, had a cap on, and was at half-cock. There was no wire or anything attached to the trigger of the gun.
-Mr Wreford, sen., was recalled, and, in answer to the jury, said he usually left the gun at half-cock when a cap was on, for that was the safest.
-The Coroner said there were two questions for the jury to consider - first of all, whether the deed was wilful and suicidal, or an accident. He certainly could not find any evidence to show which it was, and it was exactly a similar case to that of the rifleman that lately occurred in Exeter, where the poor fellow was found with a gunshot wound through his head.
-The jury returned an open verdict." [https://search.findmypast.co.uk/bna/viewarticle?id=bl%2f0000229%2f18730103%2f015&stringtohighlight=john%20wreford Exeter and Plymouth Gazette, 03 January 1873, p5 c5] "GALLANT RESCUE FROM DROWNING. -In the small hours of yesterday morning, Major Wyatt-Edgell, of Cowley House, heard cries of distress proceeding from the diirection of the marshes near his residence. Dressing himself, he procured a rope, and went down to the river. Shouts of "Help, help-drowning," had also aroused two men, named Mark Haydon and Harding, gardeners, who live near Cowley House. Some little distance below the bridge which crosses the Creedy the Major and the two gardeners saw a man in the middle of the river, clutching at some old bushes which had drifted down the stream. Major Edgell undressed, and plunged into the river; and, swimming out, succeeded in bringing him to the bank. The rescued man proved to be Edward Harding, who was conveyed to Cowley House, where every means were used to revive him. On the arrival of a surgeon, Harding was still unconscious, but animation had been restored, and he was afterwards removed to the Devon and Exeter Hospital. Harding is in the employ of Mr Wreford, of Barton Place Farm, and he left his master's house the previous afternoon, saying he was going to Exeter. He should have returned at eight or nine o'clock in the evening, but did not do so. He says that he fell over the bridge, but gives no explanation as to how he came on the bridge at midnight." [https://search.findmypast.co.uk/bna/viewarticle?id=bl%2f0000229%2f18770227%2f002&stringtohighlight=barton%20place%20farm Exeter and Plymouth Gazette, 27 February 1877, p3, c1] "LOST, from Barton Place Farm, Cowley Bridge, near Exeter, a white-faced two-year-old HEIFER. Whoever will return the same to Mr. W. WREFORD, at the above Farm, will be rewarded, and all expenses paid." [https://search.findmypast.co.uk/bna/viewarticle?id=bl%2f0000103%2f18770718%2f001&stringtohighlight=barton%20place%20farm Exeter Flying Post, 18 July 1877, p1, c5] "BARTON PLACE FARM, NEAR COWLEY BRIDGE, EXETER.
MESSRS. HUSSEY and SON have received instructions from the Exectutors of the late Mr. Wm. Wreford, deceased, to SELL by Auction, on TUESDAY, 23rd SEPT., 1879, the whole of the valuable LIVESTOCK, Implements, Corn and Hay in Rick, Wool, Dung, Apples, Potatoes, and a portion of the Household Furniture, &c, as described in posters. As the lots are numerous a punctualy attendance is requested.
Luncheon will be provided at 11.30, and Sale to commence at 12.30.
Mrs. Wreford, at the Farm, will direct someone to show the lots.
25 per cent. deposit for the Corn and Hay to be paid at the close of the Auction.
Dated 14, Queen-street, Exeter, Sept. 8th, 1879.
Agents to the Royal Farmers' Insurance Company." [https://search.findmypast.co.uk/bna/viewarticle?id=bl%2f0000265%2f18790912%2f050&stringtohighlight=barton%20place%20farm Western Times, 12 September 1879, p1, c1] === 1880s (Post Wreford) === CHARLES HARRIS - took the farm at Michaelmas 1879 '''March 1886''' bankrupt 1886 [https://search.findmypast.co.uk/bna/viewarticle?id=bl%2f0000508%2f18860303%2f032&stringtohighlight=barton%20place%20farm Exeter and Plymouth Gazette, 03 March 1886, p4, c2] Selling up - [https://search.findmypast.co.uk/bna/viewarticle?id=bl%2f0000935%2f18860301%2f027&stringtohighlight=barton%20place%20farm Express and Echo, 01 March 1886, p2, c2] '''April 1886''' To be let - [https://search.findmypast.co.uk/bna/viewarticle?id=bl%2f0000508%2f18860402%2f108&stringtohighlight=barton%20place%20farm Exeter and Plymouth Gazette, 02 April 1886, p1, c7] Tender for erection of outbuildings - [https://search.findmypast.co.uk/bna/viewarticle?id=bl%2f0000508%2f18860416%2f068&stringtohighlight=barton%20place%20farm Exeter and Plymouth Gazette, 16 April 1886, p4 c2] '''1889''' "FARMING. WANTED, by a respectable Farmer's Son, Situation as BAILIFF, or help in the management of a farm. Thoroughly experienced; good character.-Address, T. Westcott, Barton place Farm, St. Savid's, Exeter." [https://search.findmypast.co.uk/bna/viewarticle?id=bl%2f0000035%2f18890725%2f042&stringtohighlight=barton%20place%20farm Bristol Mercury, 25 July 1889, p2 c1] == Sources ==
Barton Wathen Will
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Item. My son '''Thomas Wathen''' must pay my Just Debts & find ones what nourishment he Can during my sickness if my Son '''Thomas Wathen''' complies with this my will in every point & fulfills it to the best of his power I then give unto him my son '''Thomas Wathen''' my above said dwelling Plantation to him and his heirs forever. Item my son '''Thomas Wathen''' to have a Home in the said House which he Builds and Pasturage for his cretures at any time during the natural Life of my wife '''[[Coombs-447|Mary Wathen]]'''. Item. I give unto my son '''Thomas Wathen''' one cow. Item I give unto my son '''Jerome Wathen''' one schilling ster’g. Item I give unto my Daughter '''Catharine Edelin''' on shilling. Item I give unto my Grand son '''Alloysius Wathen''' one shilling sterling. Item I give & bequeath unto my Loving wife '''[[Coombs-447|Mary Wathen]]''' all the remaining part of my Personal Property for the support of herself & Family and at her Disposal as she may think proper. Item I don ordain this Present will to be my last will and Testament. For witness hereof I have set my hand and seal this Twenty second day of February In the year of our Lord one thousand seven hundred & Ninety seven.
Signed sealed & acknowledged, '''[[Wathen-52|Barton Wathen]]'''
In presence of
Teste Francis Bowling
Edward Simms
At the foot of the foregoing will it is thus written to wits
Charles County SST 27th April 1797 Then came Thomas Wathen Ex’r of '''[[Wathen-52|Barton Wathen]]''' late of Charles County Dec’d and made oath on the holy Evangels of Almighty God that the within Instrument of writing is the true & whole will & Testament of Said Dec’d that hath come to his hands or possession; and that he doth not Know of any other.
Cert’d by Humphrey Barnes Reg’r of Wills Charles County Sst 27th February 1798 Then came Frances Bowling, & Edward Simms the two subscribing witnesses to the within last will & Testament of '''[[Wathen-52|Barton Wathen]]''' late of Charles County Dec’d and severally made oath on the holy Evangels of Almighty God that they did see the Testator there in named sign & seal this will and that they heard him publish pronounce & Declare the same to be his last will and Testament that at the time of his so doing he was to the best of their apprehensions of Sound and disposing mind memory & understanding; and that they respectively subscribed their names as witnesses to this Will in the presence & at the request of the Testator and in the presence of each other.
Cert’d by Humphrey Barnes Reg of Wills. I further certify that '''[[Coombs-447|Mary Wathen]]''' the widow to the Dec’d was present at the time of the above probates was and did not object to the taking of the same 672 sides. Humphrey Barnes Reg. of Wills.
Barton-Kefauver Family Tree Sources
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Bartrum's Bibliography
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F 3c = Harley 1970 fol. 34v.
F 88a-b = Harley 1970 fol. 55v-56. |- |F* ||[http://hdl.handle.net/10107/6057642 link] || Peniarth 129 p. 141-151. |- |Fe || ||College of Arms H.8. Visitation in [South] Wales by William Fellow, c1530. See M. P. Siddons (ed), ''Visitations by the Heralds in Wales'', p. 23-103 (under VHW). |- |G ||[http://hdl.handle.net/10107/4526787 link] ||Peniarth 127, by Syr Thomas ap Ieuan ap Deicws (c.1510-1525).
G 178a-b = Gwysaney 23 fo. 77, 77v, 78. |- |Γ || ||Mostyn 113 p. 87-161 by Syr John Powys (c.1514). Copied by Roger Morris of Coedytalwrn, 1572. |- |H ||[https://viewer.library.wales/4620701#?xywh=-228%2C-960%2C4557%2C7322 link] ||Peniarth 128. Llyfr Edward ap Roger. Before 1582.
H* Additions by William Llŷn. |- |Ha || ||Peniarth 138 (c.1562). By Thomas ap Llywelyn ab Ithel of Bodfari. |- |Hb || ||BM Add. 15041 (c.1562). Same handwriting as Ha. |- |Θ ||[http://hdl.handle.net/10107/6057827 link] ||Peniarth 131 p. 143-153 (before 1574).
Θ* Peniarth 131 p. 154-176, by William Llŷn & Simwnt Fychan. |- |J || ||Peniarth 132, by Gruffudd Hiraethog & Lewys ab Edward
J* Additions by William Llŷn |- |K ||[http://hdl.handle.net/10107/6058188 link] ||Peniarth 133, by Gruffudd Hiraethog (d. 1564) |- |L ||[http://hdl.handle.net/10107/4952876 link] ||Peniarth 176, by Gruffudd Hiraethog (d. 1564) |- |M ||[http://hdl.handle.net/10107/5092627 link] ||Peniarth 177. Llyfr Byr Tew Gruffudd Hiraethog, [1544x1565] |- |N ||[http://hdl.handle.net/10107/5093053 link] ||Peniarth 178 part 1, by Gruffudd Hiraethog (d. 1564). |- |P || ||Peniarth 134, by Gruffudd Hiraethog (d. 1564). |- |Q || ||Peniarth 135, by Gruffudd Hiraethog (d. 1564). |- |R || ||Peniarth 136 |- |S || ||Peniarth 139 part 1 |- |T || ||Peniarth 139 part 2 |- |U || ||Peniarth 140 |- |W || ||BM Add. 9866 (c. 1567).
W* Later additions (c. 1633-8) by Evan Lloyd Jeffrey. |- |ABT || ||"Achau Brenhinoedd a Thywysogion Cynru" in EWGT
See also P. C. Bartrum, 'Achau Brenhinoedd a Thywysogion Cymru", Bulletin of the Board of Celtic Studies, University of Wales, vol. 19, p. 201-225 |- |Bag ||[https://www.familysearch.org/library/books/records/item/222844-llyfr-baglan-or-the-book-of-baglan-compiled-between-the-years-1600-and-1607-transcribed-from-the-original-manuscript-preserved-in-the-public-library-at-cardiff link] ||J. A. Bradney (ed), ''Llyfr Baglan, or, The Book of Baglan, compiled between the years 1600 and 1607'', London, 1910 |- |Cae Cyriog || ||Cae Cyriog MS 3 = NLW 7008 E, "Llyfr Achan Siôn Griffith". Collected by Siôn Griffith, c.1697. |- |Cedwyn || ||"Llyfr Cedwyn" (1633), a transcript by John Jenkins of the "Manafon MS" both now lost. Wynnstay 138 includes a transcript by Rev. W. J. Rees, Cascob, made in 1832. |- |Ch. 1 || ||Harley 1971. Probably mainly by Jacob Chaloner (d. 1631). | |- |Ch. 2 || ||Harley 1972. Ditto. |- |Ch. 3 || ||Harley 1973. Ditto. |- |Ch. 4 || ||Harley 1974. Ditto. |- |Ch. 5 || ||Harley 1975. Ditto. |- |Ch. 7 || ||Harley 1977. Ditto. |- |Ch. 8 || ||Harley 1978. Ditto. |- |Ch. 12 || ||Harley 1982. Ditto. |- |Com || ||Cardiff 3.11 (= 50 of RWM) p. 133-144. Late 16th century. |- |CP || ||Sir T. Phillips, ''Pedigrees of Carmarthenshire, Cardiganshire and Pembrokeshire'', privately printed, 1859. From Dale Castle MS = NLW 14,214 by Iaco ap Dewi, c.1709 |- |EWGT || ||P. C. Bartrum, ''Early Welsh Genealogical Tracts'', Cardiff, 1966 |- |FL || ||Cardiff 3.8 (= 45 of RWM). Flintshire Pedigrees, 1630, by Griffith Hughes. See [http://hdl.handle.net/10107/1419644 Transactions Cymmrodorion], 1974, p. 114, for more information. |- |GG || ||"The Golden Grove Book" (3 vols. plus index). Based on the works of David Edwardes and William Lewis. Begun 1755 |- |GO || ||Harley 6068 by George Owen of Henllys (d. 1613) |- |GP ||[https://archive.org/details/glamorganshirepe00phil/page/n4/mode/1up?view=theater link] ||Sir T. Phillips, ''Glamorganshire Pedigrees'', privately printed, 1845 |- |GX || ||Harley 1969 by Sir Griffith Hughes (l. 1634-1665) |- |HL ||[http://hdl.handle.net/10107/1281780 link] ||"Hen Lwythau Gwynedd a'r Mars" in EWGT
See also P. C. Bartrum, "Hen Lwythau Gwynedd a'r Mars", NLW Journal, vol. 12 (1962), p. 201-235 |- |HT1 || ||Harley 2289. By Hugh Thomas (d. 1720) Mostly based on David Edwardes, GX and Ch |- |HT2A
HT2B. || ||Harley 2291 part 1 & part 2. Ditto. |- |HT3A
HT3B || ||Harley 2288 part 1 & part 2. Ditto. |- |HT4 || ||Harley 4181. Ditto. |- |JD1 || ||BM Add. 9864, by Morris Evans of Llanfyllin (late 17th century) |- |JD2 || ||BM Add. 9865, by John Davies of Rhiwlas (d. c.1716). |- |LD. i.
LD. ii. ||[[Space:Heraldic_Visitations_of_Wales_and_Part_of_the_Marches_Between_the_Years_1586_and_1613|links]] ||Sir S. R. Meyrick, ''Heraldic visitations of Wales, between the years 1586 and 1613 by Lewys Dwnn'', Llandovery, 1846, 2 vols. |- |LD3 || ||Cardiff 2.36 by Lewys Dwnn (c. 1600). |- |LS || ||"Llyfr Silin", ''Archaeologia Cambrensis'', 5th series |- |LS 1 ||[https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=kgxPAAAAIAAJ&pg=PA58#v=onepage&q&f=false link] ||vol. 4 (1887), p. 58-73, 131-145, 214-224, 301-316 |- |LS 2 ||[https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=-d81AAAAMAAJ&pg=PA42#v=onepage&q&f=false link] ||vol. 5 (1888), p. 42-56, 105-121, 334-344 |- |LS 3 ||[https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=DhBPAAAAIAAJ&pg=PA148#v=onepage&q&f=false link] ||vol. 6 (1889), p. 148-163, 233-249, 327-342 |- |LS 4 ||[https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=9eA1AAAAMAAJ&pg=PA133#v=onepage&q&f=false link] ||vol. 7 (1890), p. 133-148, 305-320 |- |LS 5 ||[https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=1f9OAAAAIAAJ&pg=PA86#v=onepage&q&f=false link] ||vol. 8 (1891), p. 86-101, 209-223 |- |PAR ||[http://hdl.handle.net/10107/1282484 link] ||P. C. Bartrum, "Plant yr Arglwydd Rhys", NLW Journal, vol. 14 (1965), p. 97-104 |- |PE || ||BM Add. 28033-4, by Peter Ellis (d. c.1637) |- |PP ||[http://hdl.handle.net/10107/1282121 link]
[http://hdl.handle.net/10107/1283175 link] ||P. C. Bartrum, "Pedigrees of the Welsh Tribal Patriarchs", NLW Journal, vol. 13 (1963), p. 93-146; vol. 15 (1967), p. 157-166 |- |RA ||[http://hdl.handle.net/10107/4400778 link] ||Peniarth 137 p. 159-316, by John ap Rhys ap Ieuan of Llanfihangel Nant Melan (c. 1588) |- |RB || ||Harley 3325 fol. 121-151v (c. 1594) |- |RP ||[http://hdl.handle.net/10107/1284625 link] ||P. C. Bartrum, "Rhandiroedd Powys", NLW Journal, vol. 18 (1973), p. 231-7 |- |RV || ||Peniarth 287, by Robert Vaughan of Hengwrt (d. 1667) |- |SA || ||Harley 2414, by LLywelyn Siôn (d. 1615?) |- |SB || ||Harley 3525 by Hugh Havard (1580-1597)
SB* Later additions |- |SC || ||Cardiff 2.1 (= 10 of RWN) by Dafydd Benwyn
SC* 17th century additions |- |SΔ || ||Harley 1935 (late 16th century) |- |SE || ||Harley 5835 (c.1610) |- |SF || ||Harley 2300 part 2 = fo. 100-193v. Probably by Walter Hopkins (c.1625) |- |SG || ||Bodleian Add. A.281, by Richard Williams of Llywel (1644-5) |- |SV || ||Cardiff 4,265 by Simwnt Fychan (d. 1606) |- |TC || ||Bangor MS 13564, "The Taicrossion Book of Pedigrees", by John Ellis of Taicrossion Ucha, Llechylched (c.1723) |- |TW || ||NLW 16,962-3 = Llangilbby Castle 1-2, by Thomas Williams of Trefriw (1578-1609) |- |V. Glos. ||[https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=zSgEAAAAIAAJ&pg=PR3#v=onepage&q&f=true link] ||''The Visitation of the County of Gloucester; taken in the year 1623'', from Harley 1041, 1543. Harleian Society, vol. 21, London, 1885 |- |V. Herefs. ||[https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=MF9BAAAAYAAJ&pg=PP5#v=onepage&q&f=true link] ||''The Visitation of Herefordshire made in 1569'', Exeter, 1886 |- |V. Shrops. ||[https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=RVl7Y0xUv5kC&pg=PR3#v=onepage&q&f=true link]
[https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=HC8EAAAAIAAJ&pg=PA281#v=onepage&q&f=true link] ||''The visitation of Shropshire taken in the year 1623'', from Harley 615, 1241, 1396. Harleian Society, vols. 28 & 29, London, 1889. |- |V. Worcs. ||[https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=sedMAQAAMAAJ&pg=PR3#v=onepage&q&f=true link] ||''The Visitation of the County of Worcester made in the year 1569'', from Harley 1043, 1352, 1486. Harleian Society, vol. 27, London, 1888. |- |WC || ||NLW 21,249 Llyfr Achau William Gynwal (d. 1587/8), 2 vols. |- |Wm B || ||University College of Swansea MS 66-176, "The Bennett Book of Pedigrees", mainly by William Bennett of Pen-rhys (c.1614-20). |- |Wrex || ||Wrexham MS 1 = NLW 872 D, "Llyfr John Brooke o Vowddwy" (1590-1). |- | || || |- | || || |} === Other Resources === {| border="0" cellpadding="5" |width="10%"|Abbr. ||Links ||Description |- |AAST || ||Anglesey Antiquarian Society, Transactions |- |AC || ||E. Phillimore, "The Annales Cambriae and Old-Welsh genealogies from Harleian MS. 3859", ''Y Cymmrodor'' 9 (1888), p. 152-69. |- |Arch. Camb. ||[[Space:Archaeologia_Cambrensis|links]] ||Archaelogia Cambrensis |- |BB ||[https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=uc1.$b758538&seq=13 link] ||J. W. Willis-Bund, ''The Black Book of St David's'', Cymmrodorion Record Series, No. 5, London, 1908 |- |BBC ||[https://archive.org/details/blackbookofcarma00evanuoft/page/n6/mode/1up?view=theater link] ||J. G. Evans, ''The Black Book of Carmarthen'', Pwllheli, 1906 |- |BBCS || ||Bulletin of the Board of Celtic Studies, University of Wales |- |BLD ||[https://archive.org/details/cu31924028051559/page/n8/mode/1up?view=theater link] ||J. G. Evans & J. Rhys, ''The Text of the Book of Llan Dav'', Oxford, 1893. |- |BY ||[https://books.google.com/books?id=TPgmAAAAMAAJ link] ||T. P. Ellis, ''The First Extent of Bromfield and Yale, AD 1315'', Cymmrodorion Record Series, No. 11, London, 1924 |- |ByT || ||T. Jones, ''Brut y Tywysogyon, Red Book of Hergest Version'', Cardiff, 1955 |- |Cart. Glam. ||[[Space:Cartae_et_alia_Munimenta_quae_ad_Dominium_de_Glamorgancia_Perinent|links]] ||''Cartae et alia munimenta quae ad Dominium de Glamoegancia pertinent'', G. T. Clark, 2nd edn. 6 vols., 1910 |- |Cart. P. Carm. || ||Sir T. Phillips, ''Cartularium S. Johannis Bapt. de Caermarthen'', from Hengwrt MSS, privately printed, Cheltenham, 1865 (The Priory of St John, Carmarthen) |- |CIPM ||[https://www.british-history.ac.uk/search/series/inquis-post-mortem links] ||Calendar of Inquisitions Post Mortem |- |Co. Pe. ||[[Space:The_Complete_Peerage_of_England%2C_Scotland%2C_Ireland%2C_Great_Britain_and_the_United_Kingdom|links]] ||''The Complete Peerage'', G. E. C., 2nd edn. 12 vols. 1910-1959 |- |DWB || ||The Dictionary of Welsh Biography, 1959 |- |DWH || ||''The Development of Welsh Heraldry'', M. P. Siddons, 3 vols., 1991-3 |- |Eyton ||[[Space:Antiquities_of_Shropshire|links]] ||R. W. Eyton, ''The Antiquities of Shropshire'', 12 vols, London, 1854-60 |- |ECPW || ||E. A. Lewis, ''An Inventory of the Early Chancery Proceedings concerning Wales'' Cardiff, 1937 |- |HB ||[https://archive.org/details/chronicaminorasa13momm/page/111/mode/1up?view=theater link] ||T. Mommsen, "Historia Brittonum", ''Germaniae Historica'', Berlin, 1898, vol. 3, p. 111-222 |- |H. Brec ||[[Space:A_History_of_the_County_of_Brecknock|links]] ||T. Jones, ''A History of the County of Brecknock'', 3rd edn., 4 vols., 1909-1930 |- |H. Gwydir || ||J. Ballinger, ''The History of the Gwydir Family by Sir John Wynn of Gwydir'', Cardiff, 1927 |- |H. Llangurig ||[https://archive.org/details/historyparishll00lloygoog/page/n5/mode/1up?view=theater link] ||E. Hamer & H. W. Lloyd, ''The History of the Parish of Llangurig'', London, 1875 |- |H. Monms ||[https://www.familysearch.org/search/catalog/202113?availability=Family%20History%20Library links] ||J. A. Bradney, ''A History of Monmouthshire'', 4 vols., London, 1907-1932 |- |H. Mostyn || ||T. A. Glenn, ''History of the family of Mostyn of Mostyn'', London, 1925 |- |HRB || ||A. Griscom, ''Historia Regum Britanniae of Geoffrey of Monoouth'', New York & London, 1929 |- |HW ||[[Space:A_History_of_Wales%2C_From_the_Earliest_Times_to_the_Edwardian_Conquest|links]] ||Sir J. E. Lloyd, ''A History of Wales'', 2 vols., London, 1911 |- |Itin. Kamb. || ||J. F. Dimock, ''Itinerarium Kambriae'', ''Giraldi Cambrensis Opera'', vol. 6, Rolls Series, London, 1868 |- |LGC || ||R. D. Jones, ''''Gwaith Lewis Glyn Cothi'', vol. 1, Cardiff & Aberystwyth, 1953 |- |Lit. Wall. || ||J. Goronwy Edwards, ''Littere Wallie'', Cardiff, 1940 |- |Ll. H. || ||J. Morris-Jones & T. H. Parry-Williams, ''Llawysgrif Hendregadredd'', Cardiff, 1933 |- |Lln. ap Gr || ||J. Beverley Smith, ''Llywelyn ap Gruffudd, Prince of Wales'', Cardiff, 1998 |- |LO || ||J, Morris-Jones & T. H. Parry-Williams, ''The Lordship of Oswestry'', Cardiff, 1933 |- |LPM ||[https://www.familysearch.org/library/books/records/item/195554-limbus-patrum-morganiae-et-glamorganiae-moved-to-97208-being-the-genealogies-of-the-older-families-of-the-lordships-of-morgan-and-glamorgan?offset= link] ||G. T. Clark, ''Limbus patrum Morganiae et Glamorganiae'', London, 1886 |- |MC || ||''Montgomeryshire Collections'', The Powysland Club, Welshpool |- |Mon. Angl. ||[[Space:Monasticon_Anglicanum|links]] ||Sir W. Dugdale, ''Monasticon Anglicanum'', English edn., 6 vols., London, 1846 |- |NLW || ||The National Library of Wales, Aberystwyth |- |OGD || ||R. R. Davies, ''The Revolt of Owain Glyn Dŵr'', Oxford, 1995 |- |PAC ||[https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=3hVgegx0mNoC&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&pg=PP7#v=onepage&q&f=false link] ||J. E. Griffith, ''Pedigrees of Anglesey and Carnarvonshire Families'', privately printed, 1914 |- |PF ||[[Space:The_History_of_Powys_Fadog|links]] ||J. Y. W. Lloyd, ''The History of the Princes, the Lords Marcher and the ancient nobility of Powys Fadog'', London, 1881-7 |- |PSW ||[https://archive.org/details/historyofprinces00bridiala/page/n8/mode/1up?view=theater link] ||G. T. C. Bridgeman, ''History of the Princes of South Wales'', Wigan, 1876 |- |PW || ||R. A. Griffiths, ''The Principality of Wales in the later Middle Ages'', vol. 1, Cardiff, 1972 |- |RC || ||H. Ellis, ''The Record of Caernarvon'', Public Record Commission, London, 1838 |- |RM ||[https://books.google.co.jp/books?id=nKcTAAAAQAAJ&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&f=true link] ||J. Rhys & J. O. Evans, ''The Text of the Mabinogion: And Other Welsh Tales from the Red Book of Hergest'', Oxford, 1887 |- |SD ||[https://archive.org/details/surveyofhonourof01denb/page/n6/mode/1up?view=theater link] ||P. Vinogradoff & F. Morgan, ''Survey of the Honour of Denbigh, 1334'', London, 1914 |- |Trans. Cym. || ||Transactions of the Honourable Society of Cymmrodorion, London. |- |TYP || ||R. Bromwich, ''Trioedd Ynys Prydein'', Cardiff, 1961 |- |WAR || ||J. Conway Davies, ''The Welsh Assize Roll, 1277-1284'', Cardiff. 1940 |- |WM || ||J. G. Evans, ''The White Book Mabinogion'', Fwllheli, 1907 |- |VHW || ||M. P. Siddons, ''Visitations by the Heralds in Wales'', Harleian Society, new series, vol. 14 |- |WWHR || ||''West Wales Historical Records'' Historical Society of West Wales, Carmarthen |- | || || |}
== Related Materials == * P. C. Bartrum, ''Bartrum Genealogical Project'', [https://research.aber.ac.uk/en/datasets/bartrum-genealogical-project Aberystwyth University]; [https://www.geni.com/projects/Bartrum-Genealogical-Project/4476525 Geni]. * P. C. Bartrum, "Notes on the Welsh genealogical manuscripts", ''Transactions of the Honourable Society of Cymmrodorion'' (1968) p. 63-98. [http://hdl.handle.net/10107/1417762 NLW]; [https://archive.org/details/PCBartrumNotesOnWelshManuscripts/page/n1/mode/1up?view=theater Internet Archive]. * P. C. Bartrum, "Further notes on the Welsh genealogical manuscripts", ''Transactions of the Honourable Society of Cymmrodorion'' (1976) p. 102-118. [http://hdl.handle.net/10107/1419644 NLW]. * P. C. Bartrum, "Notes on the Welsh genealogical manuscripts", ''Transactions of the Honourable Society of Cymmrodorion'' (1988) p. 37-46. [http://hdl.handle.net/10107/1422911 NLW].
Bart's Photo Page
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17611 - 43rd Ave., S.
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USA
phone 206-832-7089
kimseyfowler@comcast.net
Båtsman
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ALEXANDER, William - [https://revwarapps.org/s1785.pdf| RevWarApp S1785]
[[Brown-20295| BROWN, Col. Jacob]] - RevWarApp - A W333 - Find A Grave - 15112375
WT-ID
RevWarApp
FindAGrave Memorial
BURCHFIELD, Robert
[[Carter-7662| CARTER, Capt. Landon]]
DODSON, John
[[Doherty-11| DOHERTY, George]]
FERRILL (Ferrell), Smith
[[Gist-544|GIST, Thomas]]
GUAN, Nathan
[[Guest-824| GUEST "Guess", Capt. Moses]]
[[Handley-58 | HANDLY, Capt. Saml]].
HARDIN, Benjamin
HARDIN, Eilis
[[Hill-28129| HILL, Abram]]
HUBBARD, James
[[Jack-671| JACK, Jeremiah Esq.]]
LANE, Lieutenant ??Isaac??
NORRIS, Richard
[[Pierce-2358| PIERCE "Pearce", Capt. James]]
PEARSON, Abel
PRUETT, Capt. ???
[[Riggs-488| RIGGS, Private Reuben]]
ROBERTSON, William
[[Roddye-3| RODDY, James]]
[[Russell-2021| RUSSELL, Capt. George]]
SAMPLE, Samuel
[[Sevier-81| SEVIER, Abraham]]
[[Sevier-149| SEVIER, James]]
[[Sevier-7| SEVIER, Col. John]]
[[Sharp-1163| SHARP, Maj. Benj.]]
SHERRELL, George
[[Sherrill -61| SHERRILL, Adam]]
SMITH, William
STEVENSON (Stephenson), James
STINSON, Capt. ???
TAYLOR, Isaac
[[Thomas-6492| THOMAS, Isaac]]
[[Tipton-128| TIPTON, Major Jonathon]]
[[Walton-3795| WALTON, Major Jesse]]
WARD, John
WEAVER, Samuel
WILLIAMS, James
WILSON, Joseph
WILSON, William
---- Table Attempt (breaks the links) https://magnustools.toolforge.org/tab2wiki.php {| border="1" class="sortable" !Name!!Rank!!WT-ID!!RWA!!FindAG!!DAR/SAR |- |BROWN, Jacob||Col.||Brown-20295||||15112375|| |- |CARTER, Landon||Capt.||Carter-7662||||97100991|| |- |DOHERTY, George||||Doherty-11||S1807 f35VA||10755133|| |- |GIST, Thomas|||||||||| |- |GUAN, Nathan|||||||||| |- |GUESS,||Capt.|||||||| |- |HANDLY, Saml.||Captain|||||||| |- |HARDIN, Eilis|||||||||| |- |HUBBARD, James|||||||||| |- |JACK, Jeremiah Esq,|||||||||| |- |LANE, ||Lieutenant|||||||| |- |PEARCE, James||Capt.|||||||| |- |PEARSON, Abel|||||||||| |- |PRUETT,||Capt.|||||||| |- |RIGGS, Reuben||Private|||||||| |- |RODDY, James|||||||||| |- |RUSSELL, George||Capt.|||||||| |- |SEVIER, Abraham|||||||||| |- |SEVIER, James|||||||||| |- |SEVIER, John||Col.|||||||| |- |SHARP, Benj.||Major|||||||| |- |SHERRILL, Adam||||Sherrill -61||||23094663||A204956 |- |STINSON,||Captain|||||||| |- |TAYLOR, Isaac|||||||||| |- |THOMAS, Isaac||||Thomas-6492|||||| |- |TIPTON, Jonathon||Major|||||||| |- |WALTON, Jesse||Major|||||||| |- |WARD, John|||||||||| |}
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[[Miller-74707|Rebecca (Miller) Baum (1803-1887)]] ----- ==Counties of Porter and Lake== ===Porter and Lake-History=== ====1834==== Charles Blanchard and Weston Arthur Goodspeed, ''Counties of Porter and Lake, Indiana : historical and biographical '' (Chicago : F. A. Battey, 1882), 18 (History of Porter County); digital images. [https://hdl.handle.net/2027/coo1.ark:/13960/t7cr6dk2j?urlappend=%3Bseq=22 ''Hathi Trust''].
Page 18
HISTORY OF PORTER COUNTY. By Hubert S. Skinner
Early in 1834 came J. P. Ballard, who erected the first house upon the site of Valparaiso. It was in the valley of the stream which crosses Morgan street, and in the grounds south of Judge Talcott’s present residence that this first cabin was constructed. A. K. Paine settled in what is now Jackson Township, and built the first dwelling in that locality. Jesse Johnston took up his residence near the old Indian town of Chiqua, near Valparaiso. Thomas and William Gosset selected farms in the northern part of the county. Jacob and David Hurlburt repaired to the borders of Twenty-mile Prairie, which then appeared like a lake filled with islands. Theophilus Crumpacker, Jerry and Joseph Bartholomew and Jacob Wolf, arrived within the year; also, William Frame and Abram Stoner.
On the 11th of January, the first white child was born within the present limits of the county—Reason Bell, whose father, Reason Bell, Sr., resided on what is now Section 15 of Washington Township. Hannah Morgan, daughter of Jesse Morgan, the first native white daughter of this region, was born at the Stage House, February 11. John Fleming, of Union Township, was born within the same year.
The Government surveyors, Messrs. Polk and Burnside, ran the lines and divided the lands into sections. John J. Foster laid off a town to the east of the “Stage House,” and christened it “Waverly,” but the enterprise did not prove a success.
The number of immigrants was considerably increased in the following year. Among the new-corners were Putnam Robbins, David Hughart, E. P. Cole, Hazard Sheffield, Allan B. James, Peter Ritter, G. W. Patton, '''the Baum brothers''', George Z. Salyer and David Oaks…..
====1837 Miscellaneous==== Charles Blanchard and Weston Arthur Goodspeed, ''Counties of Porter and Lake, Indiana : historical and biographical '' (Chicago : F. A. Battey, 1882), 50 (History of Porter County); digital images. [https://hdl.handle.net/2027/coo1.ark:/13960/t7cr6dk2j?urlappend=%3Bseq=54 ''Hathi Trust''].
Page 50
HISTORY OF PORTER COUNTY.
By Hubert S. Skinner
In January, 1837, it was ordered by the Board that the following persons should serve as Grand Jurors at the April term, 1837, of the Porter County Circuit Court: Wilford Parrott, Robert Wallace, John Say- br, Eli Hendricks, George Spurlock, Joseph Willey, John P. Noble, Edmund Billings, White B. Smith, David Hughart, Henry Adams, John Sefford, G. Z. Salyer, Abraham A. Hall, John Adams, John G. Forbes, Sr., William Walker and William Bissell. The following persons were selected to serve at the same time as Petit Jurors: Thomas L. Hyatt, John B. Turner, Enos Thomas, Jacob Beech, James Laughlin, A. K. Paine, Robert Fleming, William Morgan, Newton Frame, Henry Rinker, George Shigley, Jefferson Tenor, Abraham Cormack, Benjamin Saylor, Sr., Isaac Cornell, Lewis Holton, Barzilla Bunnefi, William Malone, P. A. Paine, Henry Herrold, Luther Jefferson, '''James Baum''', William Eaton and Barrack Dorr.
====Morgan Township==== Charles Blanchard and Weston Arthur Goodspeed, ''Counties of Porter and Lake, Indiana : historical and biographical '' (Chicago : F. A. Battey, 1882), 185 (Morgan Township); digital images, [https://hdl.handle.net/2027/coo1.ark:/13960/t7cr6dk2j?urlappend=%3Bseq=187 ''Hathi Trust''].
Page 185
MORGAN TOWNSHIP. CHAPTER VIII. By G. A. Garard
MORGAN TOWNSHIP—LIST OF FIRST AND EARLY SETTLERS—GAME—INCIDENTS AND ANECDOTES—A TRADITION—EARLY ELECTIONS—AN OLD TOWN—MANUFACTURES—CHURCHES—SCHOOLS—CEMETERY—FIRST BURIAL1ETEFmsT BURIAL—RESUME
MORGAN TOWNSHIP derives its name from Morgan Prairie, which was named for Isaac Morgan, who was one of the first settlers upon this beautiful plain, in what is now Washington Township.
List of First and Early Settlers.—The following is a list of the first and early settlers so far as obtainable: Joseph Bartholomew, 1834; Henry Adams and family, 1834; Benjamin Spencer and family, 1834; '''John Baum. 1835'''; George Shultz, Jacob Shultz and John Shultz, in 1834; N. S. Fairchild, Archie De Munn and Charles Allen, in 1835; Josiah Allen and Josiah Allen’s wife, in 1835. Among the first were Rinier Blachley, Charles DeWoIf, Morris Witham, William Billings, Mr. Kinsey, Thomas Wilkins, Mr. Dillingham, John Berry, and William Minton, an Indian trader. Lewis Corner and family came in 1835; Thomas Adams and family came (luring the spring of 1835. Among those who came early are Samuel Van Dalsen, Abraham Van Dalsen, Lyman Adkins, Elisha Adkins, Mr. Stoner, Enoch Billings, Elias Cain, John E. Harris, Ezra Wilcox, Eason Wilcox and Hank Blanchard. John G. Keller came in 1837; Enos Arnold in 1840; William Unrugh in 1842, and William Benton in 1838. Henry S. Adams, of Jefferson County, Ohio, came to this region on the 27th of April, 1833, and in May erected a cabin and laid a claim of 160 acres on Section 9, Township 34, Range 5. He brought with him his wife, mother and three daughters. His was the first house erected in the township. In 1835, G. W. Patten, of Ohio, settled here. Miller Parker came among the very first, but stopped for a time in Pleasant Township. John and Stephen Bartholomew came in 1834. but settled in Pleasant, where they lived for a time before they moved to Morgan.
Morgan Township originated in August, 1843, when it was set apart from Pleasant. The eastern part of it was formerly Essex Township, which was formed in February, 1850, and named in honor of the ship commanded by Commodore Porter, the man for whom the county was named.
====Morgan Township, Churches==== Charles Blanchard and Weston Arthur Goodspeed, ''Counties of Porter and Lake, Indiana : historical and biographical '' (Chicago : F. A. Battey, 1882), 189 (Morgan Township); digital images, [https://hdl.handle.net/2027/coo1.ark:/13960/t7cr6dk2j?urlappend=%3Bseq=191 ''Hathi Trust''].
Page 189
MORGAN TOWNSHIP.
CHAPTER VIII. BY G. A. GARARD.
Churches.—The first religious services were held by Stephen Jones at the house of Thomas Adams. Rev. Colklasier was the second one to conduct religious services in the township. The third was Rev. buy Baxter Beers. […]
The Christians have a church near the center of the township. This society was organized in June, 1840, being the first society of the Christians in the county. The church, which is built of brick, cost about $2,000. The principal contributors to the building fund were H. S. Adams, Lewis Corner, Aaron Stoner, '''Enoch Baum''', G. W. Patton, Elias Cain. Many others contributed sums according to their means. Among the very first members were, Lewis Corner and wife, H. S. Adams and wife, Thomas Adams and '''Mrs. Baum'''. Among the other early members were George W. Turner and wife, Joseph McConnel and wife, Elias Cain and Mrs. Elizabeth Stoner. Lewis Corner was this first Elder, and H. S. Adams the first Deacon. The present officers are, G. W. Patton, N. S. Fairchild, and Jacob Stoner, Elders; William Cain and Russell Stoner, Deacons. The present membership is 125. Rev. Lemuel Shortage now preaches occasionally. […]
====Morgan Township, Schools==== Charles Blanchard and Weston Arthur Goodspeed, ''Counties of Porter and Lake, Indiana : historical and biographical '' (Chicago : F. A. Battey, 1882), 190-191 (Morgan Township); digital images, [https://hdl.handle.net/2027/coo1.ark:/13960/t7cr6dk2j?urlappend=%3Bseq=192 ''Hathi Trust''].
Page 190 - 191 MORGAN TOWNSHIP.
CHAPTER VIII. BY G. A. GARARD.
Schools.—There is a difference of opinion as to where the first school of the township was taught, but the evidence indicates that it was on Morgan Prairie, near where Jesse Baum now lives. The house was, of course, a log one. In size, it was about 12x14 feet. The first teacher was Miss Orilla Stoddard, a sister of William Stoddard, now Mrs. Jackson Buel, of Valparaiso, who taught here for a number of terms. The first term was taught in or near the year 1834. This, like the other early schools, was supported by subscription. The following are some of the patrons of the first school: Morris Witham, William Billings, John Keller, Henry Adams and R. Blatsley. The location of this school was changed after a few years to the Enoch Baum farm, where a frame building was erected. This was used for some years, when a house was built on the present site. The second schoolhouse was built about two miles south of the north line of the township, and near the center from east to west. This house was a log cabin, built in 1838 or 1839. The third house was built on the old Spencer farm, about half a mile north of Tassinong, in 1834 or 1835. This was a log house, about 18x20 feet. Among the early teachers here were Orilla Stoddard, Mr. Cannaday, Eggleston Smith, David White, Oliver Stoddard, Miss Jones, Miss Hoadley, Christopher Clines, Mr. Bloomfield and Miss Webster. The fourth schoolhouse was built in the White settlement about thirty-five years ago. This was a small frame, being the first frame schoolhouse of the township. The present house here is a 1ne brick, built in 1878, at a cost of $1,000. District No. 2 now has its third house, a brick, built about fifteen years ago, at a cost of $1,200. District No. 3 has its second house, built about ten years ago, at a cost of $800. No. 5 has its second house, a brick, built about nine years ago, at a cost of $800. The first house here was a frame. District No. 6 has its first house still standing; it is a frame, probably thirty years old, and has been repaired many times. It cost about $500. The other three houses are frame. The Stoddard or Tassinong Schoolhouse was built in 1868. Ida Freer taught here during the winter of 1881—82, and the spring of 1882. Some of the teachers before Miss Freer, in about the following order, are: William Harris, Anna Bray, Mr. Hazelett, the Misses '''Baum''', Miss Cary, Mr. Elliot, William Stoddard, Ruth Marshall, Belle Stephens and William Bartholomew. In the old frame house, Emma Hammond, Alvin Bartholomew, Mr. Hutchinson and Mr. Bloomfield taught. David White and Eggleston Smith were among the first who taught in the old log house. The second house, a frame, was painted red, and stood about one-fourth of a mile south of the present site. The following is a list of the teachers for the years indicated: 1880, in District No 1—Priscilla Flake, Myra Hunter and Sylvester Dill; No 2—'''Irena Baum''' and A. Knott; No. 3—Ida Freer and 0. C. Tarpenning; No. 4—Mary Evans, Viola Williams and J. H. Platt; No. 5—W. J. Harris; No. 6—M. F. Bennett and Stuart Mackibbin; No. 7—Carrie A. Ray; No. 8—Alice Sanborn; No. 9—Ida Freer. For 1881, in No. 1—C. B. Diltz, R. B. Hubbard and Alice J. Sanborn; No. 2—'''Irena Baum'''; No. 3—'''Irena Baum''', Myra Hunter and Eva Shepard; No. 4—Ida Freer and J. W. Smith; No. 5—Anna L. Bray and Ida Freer; No. 6—Carrie A. Ray; No. 7—Carrie A. Ray, Viola Williams and M. M. Strong; No. 8—Carrie Bond and Anna Bray; No. 9—Maud Shackelford. For 1882, up to this writing, in No. 1—Mary E. McHugh; No. 2—Sylvester N. Dill, Carrie Ray, Mary L. Nickelson and Anna Bray; No. 3—Maud Shackelford and Ida Winslow; No. 5—Ida Freer and Joseph M. Williamson; No. 6—Carrie Ray and Dora Rosecrans; No. 7—Viola Williams and Oreste Sherman; No. 8—Anna Bray, Oreste Sherman and Viola Williams; No. 9—Maud Shackelford.
===Milan Cornell=== Charles Blanchard and Weston Arthur Goodspeed, ''Counties of Porter and Lake, Indiana : historical and biographical '' (Chicago : F. A. Battey, 1882), 239-240 (Milan Cornell/Valpariso); digital images, [https://hdl.handle.net/2027/coo1.ark:/13960/t7cr6dk2j?urlappend=%3Bseq=241 ''Hathi Trust''].
Pages 239 – 240
City of Valparaiso
BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES:
MILAN CORNELL, farmer, was born December 13, 1827, in Crawford County, Ohio, and is one of eleven children, seven yet living born to Isaac and Priscilla (Morgan) Cornell, a sketch of whom will appear in the biography of Ira Cornell, of Porter Township. Up to 1834, Milan Cornell lived with his parents in his native county, and in that year emigrated with them to what is now Porter County, Ind., locating in the southeastern part of the same, and becoming the first white settlers of Boone Township. The parents ever afterwards made Porter County their home, and died esteemed and respected citizens. Milan Cornell received his education from the common schools of that early day, and in 1849, he and three others received an attack of California fever, which induced them to start for the far-famed gold fields of the West. They went by the way of the Isthmus of Panama, and on their arrival at Sari Francisco, our subject had only one dollar. He found employment for a short time chopping cord-wood, at the rate of about $16 per day, after which he engaged in mining near Sonora, and the most part of his stay there was in the southern part of the State. He participated in many of the hardships, etc., of a miner’s life, including fights with Indians, Mexicans and cut-throats of various kinds. In 1853, he returned to Indiana, and commenced farming and dealing in stock, at which he has ever since continued, with the exception of about three years, while in the hardware trade at Valparaiso. February 28, 1854, he was united in marriage with Miss Cordelia Freeman, who was born in Onandago County, N. Y., February 22, 1834, and is a daughter of Azariah Freeman, appropriate mention of whom is made elsewhere in this volume. To this marriage were born two children—Genevieve, now Mrs. S. C. Williams, and '''Kate, the wife of Marion Baum'''. Mr. Cornell is a Democrat, a member of the I. O. O. F., and the O. F. Encampment. He and wife moved to Valparaiso the spring of 1882, and are among the best citizens of the place. They own, besides good town property, a valuable farm of 160 acres in Liberty Township.
===R. W. Jones=== Charles Blanchard and Weston Arthur Goodspeed, ''Counties of Porter and Lake, Indiana : historical and biographical '' (Chicago : F. A. Battey, 1882), 239-240 (R. W. Jones/Valpariso); digital images, [https://hdl.handle.net/2027/coo1.ark:/13960/t7cr6dk2j?urlappend=%3Bseq=254 ''Hathi Trust''].
Page 252
City of Valparaiso
BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES:
R. W. JONES was born in Fayette County, Penn., July 16, 1816; is one of the eleven children of Richard and Margaret (Forsyth) Jones, natives of Maryland and Pennsylvania. The mother died in about 1830, and in 1853 the father came to this county, where his son, R. W., was living, and here died the following fall. R. W. Jones, when six years of age, was taken by his parents to Wayne County, Ohio, where he received a common-school education, and where he was married, April 19, 1840, to Orilla Aylsworth. Shortly after this event, he came to Boone Township, this county, farmed for seven years, and then came to Valparaiso, engaged in various pursuits, and now is dealing in agricultural irnplements. He is a Democrat, but was formerly a Whig, and by the latter party, in 1850, was elected and re-elected Sheriff, serving four years; he has also served two terms as Justice of the Peace. He has had born to him six children, viz., Mary, who died when ten years old; Emeline, widow of Elias Schenck; Ervin D., who married '''Mary Baum'''; Samantha, now Mrs. J. B. Luddington; Florence, who died when about twenty-four years old; and Frank H., who married Alice Williams, and is in partnership with his brother, Ervin D., in the livery business. Mr. Jones is the owner of some good town property, besides over two hundred acres in Porter County, all gained by his business tact and good management. Mrs. Jones is a member of the Presbyterian Church.
===James Baum=== Charles Blanchard and Weston Arthur Goodspeed, ''Counties of Porter and Lake, Indiana : historical and biographical '' (Chicago : F. A. Battey, 1882), 328-329 (James Baum/Washington Township); digital images, [https://hdl.handle.net/2027/coo1.ark:/13960/t7cr6dk2j?urlappend=%3Bseq=330 ''Hathi Trust''].
Pages 328 - 329
Washington Township
BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES:
'''JAMES BAUM''', one of the pioneers of Porter County, was born in Crawford County, Penn., February 4, 1799, and is a son of John and Catherine (Randolph) Baum. His mother died when he was an infant, and he was reared by his grandmother. His father remarried, and he resided with him until his majority; his father had been an Indian spy during the war of 1812. Our subject also served as a wagoner in that war. He moved with his parents to Stark County, Ohio in 1814, and he heard the roar of Perry’s battle in that year on Lake Erie. His father subsequently removed from Stark County, Ohio, to St. Joseph County, Mich., where he died.
Our subject removed from Stark County to Richland County in 1823, residing there until 1835, when he came to Porter County. His land was purchased at the land sales of 1835, he now having 310 acres of excellent soil. He was married, in Stark County, to '''Rebecca Miller''', of Huntingdon County, Penn., a daughter of Peter Miller. Mr. and Mrs. Baum have had nine children—John, Jesse, Peter M., Enoch; Lavina, deceased; Lucinda, wife of J. Bushore, of Iowa; James W.: Rebecca J., wife of William Wickell, [sic.] of Kansas; and Sarah J., deceased. His children are all married, his eldest son having been in California and Oregon for thirty-five years. In politics, Mr. Baum is a stanch Democrat, his first vote having been cast for Gen. Jackson in 1824. Mrs. Baum is a member of the Christian Church.
===James W. Baum=== Charles Blanchard and Weston Arthur Goodspeed, ''Counties of Porter and Lake, Indiana : historical and biographical '' (Chicago : F. A. Battey, 1882), 329 (James W. Baum/Washington Township); digital images, [https://hdl.handle.net/2027/coo1.ark:/13960/t7cr6dk2j?urlappend=%3Bseq=331 ''Hathi Trust''].
Page 329
Washington Township
BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES:
'''JAMES W. BAUM''' is a '''son of James and Rebecca (Miller) Baum''', and was born in Porter County, Ind., September 21, 1837. Mr. Baum lived with his parents until after his majority, receiving the usual school education of the time. His business has been farming, and that alone, since boyhood, he not having learned any trade. On September 21, 1864, he was married to Marian Axe, a daughter of Jacob and Agnes C. (Cornell) Axe. She was born November 16, 1842; her parents were early settlers, taking up a home near the city of Valparaiso, in 1836, where they resided until her father’s death; her mother is now living in Delaware County, Iowa. Mr. and Mrs. Baum have had a family of seven children, four of whom are living—Fannie, Allen, Ross and Lollie. Mr. Baum has an attractive and valuable farm comprising forty acres of land. He is a Democrat, but liberal in his political views, and generally esteemed.
===Jesse Baum=== Charles Blanchard and Weston Arthur Goodspeed, ''Counties of Porter and Lake, Indiana : historical and biographical'' (Chicago : F. A. Battey, 1882), 347-348 (Jesse Baum/Morgan Township); digital images. [https://hdl.handle.net/2027/coo1.ark:/13960/t7cr6dk2j?urlappend=%3Bseq=349 ''Hathi Trust''].
Page 347 - 348
Morgan Township
BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES:
'''JESSE BAUM''' was born in Richland County, Ohio, and is '''one of the nine children of James and Rebecca Baum''', the former a native of Pennsylvania, born February 4, 1799, and the latter also a native of Pennsylvania, born January 10, 1803. They both came to Ohio at an early day, where they were married August 8, 1822; they first settled in Richland County, but in 1834 removed to Porter County, where they still live. Jesse Baum remained with his parents until he reached manhood. In 1850, he went to Calaveras County, Cal., where he engaged in mining, and remained five years. Returning to Porter County, Ind., he was married, August 23, 1857, to Catherine Bundy, born in Elkhart County, Ind., August 25, 1834, by whom he has nine children—Myron, Noella, Lora, James, Villera, Leroy, Clarence, Nettie and Walter. Mrs. Baum died December 13, 1880. Soon after his marriage, he moved on the farm on which he still lives, in Section 18; he is the owner of 300 acres of excellent land.
===John Baum=== Charles Blanchard and Weston Arthur Goodspeed, ''Counties of Porter and Lake, Indiana : historical and biographical'' (Chicago : F. A. Battey, 1882), 348 (John Baum/Morgan Township); digital images. [https://hdl.handle.net/2027/coo1.ark:/13960/t7cr6dk2j?urlappend=%3Bseq=350 ''Hathi Trust''].
Page 348
Morgan Township
BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES:
'''JOHN BAUM''' was born in Crawford County, Penn., January 20, 1810; he was brought by his parents to Stark County, Ohio, and thence to St. Joseph County, Mich., where, on the 15th of August, 1835, he was married to Myrum Gallgher, [sic] a native of Culpeper County, Va., where she was born January 1, 1814. This union was blessed with five children— Christopher C. (deceased), Americus (deceased), Napoleon, Tennessee M. and Niles L. Shortly after his marriage, he moved to Porter County, Ind., and settled in Morgan Township, Section 4, on the farm on which he now lives; he is one of the pioneers of this county, and has made many improvements since coming here, having built the first schoolhouse erected in the township; he came here as a poor boy, but now ownes [sic] 426 acres of land, all through the exercise of industry and the practice of economy.
===Silas Baum=== Charles Blanchard and Weston Arthur Goodspeed, ''Counties of Porter and Lake, Indiana : historical and biographical'' (Chicago : F. A. Battey, 1882), 348 (Silas Baum/Morgan Township); digital images. [https://hdl.handle.net/2027/coo1.ark:/13960/t7cr6dk2j?urlappend=%3Bseq=350 ''Hathi Trust''].
Page 348
Morgan Township
BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES:
'''SILAS BAUM''' was born in Stark County, Ohio, April 18, 1814. In St. Joseph County, Mich., on July 11, 1839, he was married to Hannah Williamson, who was born in Pennsylvania May 5, 1821. To this union a family of five children succeeded—Mary J., Lucretia E., Laura G. (deceased), Francis M. (deceased) and Genevia M. Shortly after his marriage he moved to Cass County, Mich., where, having purchased property, he remained until 1857. He then sold out and moved to Porter County, md., where he purchased and settled on a farm in Morgan Township, Section 33, where he remained two years; this he sold, and purchased the farm on which he now lives, comprising 180 acres of good land.
===Stephen Selman=== Charles Blanchard and Weston Arthur Goodspeed, ''Counties of Porter and Lake, Indiana : historical and biographical'' (Chicago : F. A. Battey, 1882), 352 (Stephen Selman/Morgan Township); digital images. [https://hdl.handle.net/2027/coo1.ark:/13960/t7cr6dk2j?urlappend=%3Bseq=354 ''Hathi Trust''].
Page 352
Morgan Township
BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES:
STEPHEN SELMAN was born in Germany September 26, 1840, one of a family of eight children, of whom there were four sons, namely, Martin, Stephen, John and August. His parents’ names were John and Louisa; they were natives of Germany, where they were married and remained until after the mother’s death. The father was again married, and in 1855 moved to Michigan City, Ind., where he now lives, and has his fourth wife. In 1857, our subject left home, and came to Porter County, Ind., and July 26, 1861, enlisted in Company I, Twentieth Indiana Volunteer Infantry, serving four years and six months, and during that time was at the front in several hard battles. He came home on a leave of absence, and was married March 29, 1864, to '''Tennessee Baum''', who was born in Porter County, August 6, 1840, a daughter of '''John Baum''', the old pioneer of Morgan Township. After our subject’s return from the war, he moved on the farm where he now lives. He owns 170 acres, and is the father of one son, William F.
===Miller Baum=== Charles Blanchard and Weston Arthur Goodspeed, ''Counties of Porter and Lake, Indiana : historical and biographical'' (Chicago : F. A. Battey, 1882), 356 (Miller Baum/Jackson Township); digital images. https://hdl.handle.net/2027/coo1.ark:/13960/t7cr6dk2j?urlappend=%3Bseq=358 ''Hathi Trust''].
Page 356
Jackson Township
BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES:
'''MILLER BAUM''', son of '''James and Rebecca (Miller) Baum''', was born in Richland County, Ohio, November 12, 1827. (A sketch of his parents appears in the biographical department of Washington Township.) Owing to the limited advantages for education in that day, he received but a moderate share of learning. In 1835, he came to this county with his parents, who settled on Morgan Prairie, and remained with them until he was past his majority. On June 29, 1852, he was married to Caroline Billings, born in Fayette County, Ind., February 11, 1832, a daughter of William and Elizabeth (Hammer) Billings, who came to Fayette County, lad., at an early day, and to this county in 1834; her father died in 1853, but her mother is living in Carroll County, Ind. Mr. and Mrs. Baum have six children—Alice, wife of William Wood; Marion, Laura, Josephine, Melinda and John. Mr. Baum has followed farming from boyhood, and now has 340 acres, with good improvements. In February, 1877, his house was destroyed by fire, which he replaced by a brick—one of the finest in the township. In politics, he is a liberal Republican.
==Pictorial ... La Porte ... Lake and Starke== ===Mrs. Miller Baum=== ''Pictorial and biographical record of La Porte, Porter, Lake and Starke counties, Indiana, containing biographical and genealogical records ...'' (Chicago, Goodspeed bros., 1894), 232-233 (Mrs. Miller Baum); digital images, [https://archive.org/details/pictorialbiograp00chic/page/232/mode/1up ''InternetArchive''].
MRS. MILLER BAUM.
This estimable lady has been a resident of Porter County for the greater part of her life, and is the wife of '''Miller Baum, who was born in Richland County, Ohio, in 1827, a son of James and Rebecca (Miller) Baum.''' James Baum went to Richland County, Indiana, from Pennsylvania, and located twelve miles north of Mansfield, near a small place called Rome. Here he bought a tract of timber land and put up a small house and barn and made his home for '''twelve years'''. From there he came to Morgan Prairie, where he made a purchase of 260 acres of land, on which a log cabin had been erected, and twenty acres cleared. Both parents died on this place, the father April 6, 1884, and the mother in 1889 at the age of eighty-four years. '''In the Miller family there were three brothers, two sisters and two half brothers, all of whom are now deceased with the exception of Mrs. Polly Coblen.''' Miller Baum was but seven years of age at the time of his parents' removal to this section, and was '''one of a family of nine children whose names are as follows''':
John, who is an extensive farmer of California, is married and the father of seven children: Jesse lives south of Valparaiso, has been married twice, and is the father of eleven children ; Enoch is a farmer of Kansas, is married, and has seven children ; Lovina ( Mrs. William Weeks) is deceased; Lucinda (Mrs. Joseph Bushaw) is a resident of Boone County, Iowa, and had nine children; James W. lives on the old home farm, is married, and had seven children, four of whom are living; Rebecca (Mrs. William Nickel) lives in Kansas and has seven children, and Sarah (Mrs. Simon Drago, deceased) had five children. Miller Baum was married to Caroline Billings, a daughter of William and Elizabeth (Hammer) Billings, in 1852. The Billings family removed to Porter County, Indiana, about a year before the Baum family, and Mr. Bil- lings followed the occupation of farming, but taught the first school ever held in Morgan Township. In his family there were six children, Mary Caroline, Simon Hobson, Lydia Ann, Enoch, John, Caroline, the last mentioned and Lydia Ann being the only survivors. Mr. and Mrs. Baum have been blessed in the birth of nine children: Johanna, who died in infancy; Alice, who married William Wood in 1872, and lives on a farm adjoining the old home, has five sons and two daughters; Marion married to Katy Correll, had two children by her, and after her death married Annie Smith, by whom he had one son. The father died in 1888. Randolph died in 1879. Laura married Mr. Alsfesser, bore her husband one child, and died in 1893. Josephine married Benjamin Elliot, conductor on the Fort Wayne & Chicago Railroad; lives at Fort Wayne and has three children: Minnie, wife of John Alsfesser, had one child and died in 1889, and John, who died in 1892 at the age of twenty-two years. The Baums have now lived in their present home for twenty-six years. At the time of their purchase the land was heavily covered with tim- ber, but this they cleared and improved by building one of the best brick country residences in the county. On the farm are four good barns, besides other necessary farm buildings, and, in addition, perhaps the finest horse barn in the county. The main part of the residence is 30x30 feet, with a wing 26x30 feet, and additions of kitchen, wash-house, etc. The farm in all respects is one of the best appointed in this section of the country, and is tlie- result of the unaided efforts of this worthy couple. '''Their children have all left the "home nest,"''' but they have under their care two little grandchildren whom they are rearing. Their fine farm of 255 acres keeps them in affluence, and they are thoroughly enjoying a serene old age. Mr. Baum is a Republican and is a well-informed man on all subjects of interest. ===Mrs. Elizabeth Parshal=== ''Pictorial and biographical record of La Porte, Porter, Lake and Starke counties, Indiana, containing biographical and genealogical records ...'' (Chicago, Goodspeed bros., 1894), 237-238 (Mrs. Elizabeth B. Parshal}; digital images, [https://archive.org/details/pictorialbiograp00chic/page/237/mode/1up ''InternetArchive''].
MRS. ELIZABETH B. PARSHAL.
This worthy woman has been a resident of Porter County, Indiana, for half a century, and although she has attained the age of seventy-two years she is still in the enjoyment of fair health, is very intelligent and retains her mental faculties to a remarkable degree. She is possessed of more than ordinary executive ability, and has ever been interested in the welfare of her section and noted for her kindness of heart and numerous noble impulses. She was born in Northumberland County, Pennsylvania, and resided there for two years thereafter when she was taken by '''her parents, James and Maria (Kauffman) Bundy''', to Fayette County, Indiana, where she lived until she was ten years old, then moved with them to Elkhart County, Indiana, coming to Porter County about 184:4, and in 1845 to the farm of sixty-four acres where she now lives. Her parents were married in 1820 and she was '''one of the fifteen children''' born to them: Elizabeth (Mrs. Parshal), Sarah (single), Susan (Huritz), James, Julia Ann (Johnson), Phoebe (Cross), Maria (Billings), William, '''Catherine (Baum)''', Daniel, Rebecca (Keeler), Mariuda (Davison), George, and two children that died in infancy. All the living members of this family reside on farms and are honest, industrious and law abiding people. The paternal grandfather Bundy came from New England and his wife from New Jersey and they were for a number of years residents of Pennsylvania, but after the grandfather's death, his widow and one of her sons removed to Illinois, where she made her home until her death. In 1844 Miss Elizabeth Bundy was united in marriage with George L. Parshal and moved at once into her present home from the farm owned then by her father but which is now the property of Thomas Wilson. Mr. Parshal's father and mother were born and reared in Seneca County, New York, aud there spent their last days. Their family consisted of three sons and two daughters, one daughter being now a resident of Racine, AVisconsin. In 1842 Georg L. Parshal came to Elkhart County, Indiana, where he taught school for two years, then came to Porter County and for a number of years thereafter followed the same oc- cupation. He then tilled the soil up to the time of his death, which occurred in 1880. To this happy union three children were born : George Halsey, who died at the age of two and a half years, James, who died at the age of twenty- one, and Abby, who married Ed Crumpacker, and died at the age of twenty-two years. Mrs. Parshal has a remarkably clear recollection of her past history and she well remembers the time when Indians were numerous throuffbout this sec- tion and she says that they were friendly and peaceable. In the pioneer days of the State snakes were very numerous of the rattle aud black racer species, and she recalls killing a large rattle snake by pouring boiling water upon it. They would harbor under the house and would enter the rooms if a window or door were left open. She is now spending her old age in peace and comfort and can look back over life without regret and forward to a bright future when it comes her turn to pass "over the river." ===Rev. Lewis Comer=== ''Pictorial and biographical record of La Porte, Porter, Lake and Starke counties, Indiana, containing biographical and genealogical records ...'' (Chicago, Goodspeed bros., 1894), 369-371 (Rev. Lewis Comer); digital images, [https://archive.org/details/pictorialbiograp00chic/page/369/mode/1up ''InternetArchive''].
REV. LEWIS COMER.
The influence of a great and good man will be ever expanding with the lapse of time, and his deeds of charity and acts of love will live to commemorate his name and perpetuate his memory. Probably no man was better known in North Indiana, because of his religious and charitable character, than Rev. Lewis Comer, and no man was more highly esteemed. He was born in that grand old mother of States, Virginia, December 25, 1798, and in his boyhood removed with his parents to Pennsylvania, where he grew to mature years on a farm. From early youth he had been of a religious turn, an earnest and arduous student of the Bible, and when twenty-three years of age he began preaching, having united with the Christian Church, and been baptized when thirteen years of age. After this he traveled all over Virginia, Pennsylvania, Kentucky and Ohio, going on foot and preaching the gospel, and against slavery. At one time he traveled over thirty miles before breakfast, and then had to wait until they ground corn and churned. He had made an appointment to preach, but on arriving, he found that his clothes were so ragged that he was obliged to go to bed until they were mended. For some time he lived in Ohio and Michigan, and on the 19th of April, 1837, he came through from Michigan in a wagon, and located on Morgan prairie, Porter County. At the land sale during the fall of 1837 he bought 106 acres of land, on which was a little log cabin with earth floor, and he and family took possession. His first duty after arriving in this new country was to preach the funeral of a Mr. Agnew who froze to death, and the sermon was preached in the little log cabin. The same year (1837) Mr. Comer began organizing a little baud of Christians, consisting of five members, and his first sermon was preached in a school house. Only two of these members are now living, Mrs. Comer and Mrs. Adams. Our subject built up a large organization, and assisted in erecting a nice church there before his death. He was the first minister to come to Northern Indiana, and preached the first funeral and organized the first church in Porter County. He was noted for his charity, the traveler was ever welcome at his door, and he never took a cent for accommodations. When Mr. Comer first settled in Porter County, the country was wild and unsettled, and thickly populated with Indians and wild animals. He assisted in building churches and in paying preachers all over the county, and never would accept any compensation for his services. His death occurred January 21, 1876, and it could be truly said that a great and good man was gathered to his fathers; but his virtues live after him, and his reputation, sustained under the conflict of a long career of extraordinary activity, bears no blemish, and his name is everywhere mentioned with respect and honor. '''He was married May 3, 1830, to Miss Catherine Baum''', a native of Pennsylvania, who is still living. She is now eighty-seven years of age, is very active, and finds a comfortable home with her daughter in Valpairaiso. She is the mother of three sons and three daughters: Rebecca, deceased; Samuel, died in the hospital at Louisville, Kentucky, while serving in the Civil War; Josephus, of Kansas; Henrietta, wife of Jacob Fisher of Porter County, and Cytheria, wife of Heber Stoddard (see sketch). This is one of the oldest families in Porter County, as well as one of the most respected. For many years Mr. Comer preached all the funerals and performed all the marriages in the county. At one time Mr. Comer was called upon to preach at a point across the Kankakee river and left home without money, expecting to get enough to pay his ferry-boat fee, but he was not offered any money, and the owner of the ferry-boat sued him for seventy-five cents, his fare across. ===John Maxwell=== ''Pictorial and biographical record of La Porte, Porter, Lake and Starke counties, Indiana, containing biographical and genealogical records ...'' (Chicago, Goodspeed bros., 1894), 520-521 (John Maxell); digital images, [https://archive.org/details/pictorialbiograp00chic/page/520/mode/1up ''InternetArchive''].
JOHN MAXWELL
Among the old soldiers and reliable farmers of Porter County, Indiana stands the name of John Maxwell who is everj'where respected for his sterling worth. He was born in Kingston, Canada, in 1830, to the union of John and Uorinda (Morrison) Maxwell (see sketch of George Maxwell), and was but five years of age when he came with his parents to Porter County, Indiana. He grew to sturdy manhood amid the rude surroundings of pioneer life, attended the primitive log school house of those days, and when old enough to choose his occupation in life, very naturally selected agricultural pursuits. In August, 1862 he enlisted at Val[)araiso, Indiana, in Company I, Seventy-third Regiment, Indiana Volunteer Infantry, as a private and was in active duty until honorably discharged July 2, 1865. Diaring that time he was promoted to the rank of cor- poral and afterward sergeant. His first fight was at Perryville, then Stone River and his regiment was camped at Nashville when Hood made his raid. Later his regiment was detailed with other regiments to go with Col. Streight on his famous raid, and started out on foot. They were armed but were obliged to secure their own horses. Mr. Maxwell became the possessor of a mule and not liking this he went with a squad of soldiers to a cotton plantation where he found a tine horse. After this his regiment was in many skirmishes and at Hall Gap a severe fight occurred, his command surrendering a few miles from Rome, Georgia. Mr. Maxwell was taken as a prisoner and held at Rome, Georgia, a few days after which they wei-e sent to Atlanta, Georgia, thence to Libb)' Prison where he was confined two months. While there his rations were about two spoonsful of black beans, a little hard-tack and water, three times a day. The last few days of his prison life a small piece of mule meat was given him. There was a good bakery in the prison and negro waiters would frequently pass through the prison, near the half-starved-to-death pris- ners, with good, hot, white bread, but not any of it did they get. A Union soldier from Tennessee, who was nearly starved, told Mr. Maxwell that he could not stand it to see the bread pass through and would take some the first opportunity. He was warned if he did that his punishment would be worse than starvation. The next day four negroes carrying bread stopped near a group of hungry prisoners and the soldier siezed a small piece. He was im- mediately pounced upon by two guards, who bucked aud gagged him, and thrust a bayonet into his moutii back of the gag, cutting his mouth severely. They then crossed his thumbs and tied him up by them until his toes just touched the ground. Here he hung for half a day, being released at inter- vals of an hour so as not to kill him outright. His thumbs, hands aud wrists grew black and he bled freely at the mouth. His agony was intense but he could not utter a word or moan of pain. When he could endure the toiture no longer he was released and allowed to go. He finally recovered. Mr. Maxwell remained in Libby during the months of May and June and was finallj" paroled and exchanged at Annapolis, Maryland. From there he went to Indianapolis, Indiana and received a thirty days' furlough, after which he rejoined his regiment and for three mouths guarded a bridge at Larkinsville, Alabama. After that he guarded Hurricane Bridge for some time, then for one year was at Huutsville and Decatur and was then sent to Nashville, Ten- nessee. Later he returned home, and remained with his mother on the farm until her death. In January, 1889 he married Miss Lucretia E. Baum, daugh- ter of Silas and Hannah ( Weltmore) Baum. Mr. Baum was born in Richland County, , and it was of German descent. He was married in Michi- gan and five children were the result of this union: Mary J., Lucretia E., Laura J., Francis M. and Geneva M. Mr. Baum settled in Morgan in 1851 and became a wealthy farmer, owning 500 acres of land. He was a hard- working, industrious citizen, and a soldier in the early Indian wars. In poli- tics he is a Eepublican aud lie and wife were members of the Methodist Epis- copal Church. Mr. Baum died August 5, 1886 but his widow is still living and makes her home on the old farm. Our subject has ever aflSliated with the Republican party and is an industrious, liard-working citizen. ==History of Porter County== ===1864=== ''History of Porter County, Indiana ...'' 2 vols., paginated continuously (Chicago. Lewis Pub. Co.. 1912), 2:609-613 (Stephen C. Selman) at 612; digital images, [https://hdl.handle.net/2027/wu.89067919191?urlappend=%3Bseq=270%3Bownerid=13510798902226387-274 ''Hathi Trust''].
"... On the 31st of March, 1864, while home on a furlough, Mr. Selman was united in marriage to '''Miss Tennessee Markham Baum''', and they have one son, Frank William, who remains at the parental home and who is a skilled machinist by trade. He was employed for some time at Garrett, Indiana, and is now associated with his father in the work and management of the home farm. His first presidential vote was cast for James G. Blaine and he has ever since remained loyal to the cause of the Republican party. Mrs. Selman is a native daughter of Porter county and a representative of one of the honored pioneer families of this section of the state. She was born in Morgan township, on the 25th of August, 1842, and was the fourth in order of birth of the four sons and one daughter of John and Miriam Queen (Gallagher) Baum. The only other survivor of these children is '''Niles Lafayette Baum''', a resident of Valparaiso, this county. '''John Baum''' was born in Pennsyl- vania, where his family was founded in an early day, the lineage being traced back to staunch French origin and the original orthography of the name having been LaBaum. After his removal from the old Keystone state to Ohio John Baum omitted the prefix from his surname and in Ohio and Indiana the present form of Baum has been retained. He served in the Seminole Indian war in Florida and in 1835 he came from Ohio to Porter county, Indiana, where the Pottawatomie Indians were still much in evidence and when this section was little more than a wilderness. He purchased one hundred and eighty acres of timbered land, erected his primitive log house and began the herculean task of reclaiming a farm. In this little log house Mrs. Selman was born and she recalls in pleasing reminiscences its elemental accommodations and facilities, including the ladder of pegs on which the members of the family ascended to the loft, which provided sleeping quarters. Her educational advantages were those afforded in the subscription schools of the pioneer days and her memory is a veritable store-house of information concerning the development and upbuilding of this now opulent section of the old Hoosier state. Her parents continued to reside in Porter county until their death and her father was a Jeffersonian Democrat in his political proclivities, her mother having been a devout member of the Presbyterian church. For several years after their marriage Mr. and Mrs. Selman lived on rented land, and finally, by industry and good management, they were enabled to purchase one hundred and sixty acres, in Morgan township ..." ===John Maxwell=== ''History of Porter County, Indiana ...'' 2 vols., paginated continuously (Chicago. Lewis Pub. Co.. 1912), 2:557-558 (John Maxwell); digital images, [https://hdl.handle.net/2027/wu.89067919191?urlappend=%3Bseq=215%3Bownerid=13510798902226387-219 ''Hathi Trust''].
"... Born in Morgan township, Porter county, Indiana, on the 12th of August, 1865, John Maxwell is the second in order of birth of '''four sons and five daughters of Arthur and Mary J. (Baum) Maxwell''', and is the eldest of the six now living ..." ===Mr. Smith and Eva Baum=== ''History of Porter County, Indiana ...'' 2 vols., paginated continuously (Chicago. Lewis Pub. Co.. 1912), 2:561-562 (Benjamin F. Smith); digital images, [https://hdl.handle.net/2027/wu.89067919191?urlappend=%3Bseq=309%3Bownerid=13510798902226387-315 ''Hathi Trust''].
"... At Port Orange, Florida, on April 16, 1895, was solemnized the '''marriage of Mr. Smith and Miss Eva Baum'''. '''Mrs. Smith was born in Porter county, Indiana, on August 8, 1871, and is the only living child of Niles and Louise (Rosebaum) Baum''', now retired residents of Valparaiso. Mr. Baum was for many years a prominent farmer in Morgan township. Mrs. Smith was educated in the Valparaiso schools and graduated from them in the same class of which Arthur Hugart, city superintendent of the Valparaiso schools, was a member. She is also a graduate of the musical department of the University of Valparaiso. She is a member of the Methodist Episcopal church, of the Woman's Club and of the Order of the Eastern Star, Lodge No. 164, at Valparaiso, and her talent and culture make her a valued member of the social circles of Valparaiso. Mr. and Mrs. Smith have two children: Niles Baum, now a pupil in the Valparaiso high school, and Louise A., a pupil in the eighth grade ..." ===Lewis Comer=== ''History of Porter County, Indiana ...'' 2 vols., paginated continuously (Chicago. Lewis Pub. Co.. 1912), 2:824-827 (Lewis Comer); digital images, [https://hdl.handle.net/2027/wu.89067919191?urlappend=%3Bseq=482%3Bownerid=13510798902226387-502 ''Hathi Trust''].
"...Lewis Comer was born in Virginia, on Christmas day, 1799, and of his parentage, early education and boy life but little is known. In 1830 the young man '''married Catherine Baum at White Pigeon Creek, Michigan''', and in the next year they went to Belmont, Ohio, in which place their first child was born. Seven months later they returned through the forest on horseback to Michigan, and it was on April 19, 1835, that the young couple came to Porter county, Indiana, and settled in Morgan Prairie, where they purchased a farm from London Rose Cabell, a part of which place is yet in the possession of the family, and owned by Mr. Comer's daughter, Mrs. Jacob Fisher. At that early date Porter county was practically a wilderness ... The faithful wife, who was frequently left alone at home with the children to care for the farm while her husband went bravely forth to win the people to his beloved cause, has often spoken to friends of their early married life. ... Mrs. Comer related an interesting incident of their young married life, which is suffi- ciently unusual to merit a place in this record. It was while they were traveling from Ohio back to Michigan, and they made the trip on horse- back, the usual mode of travel in those days, and Mrs. Comer carried their seven months old daughter, Rebecca, in her arms. While crossing the Great Black Swamp near Sandusky they camped for the night tethering one horse and permitting the other to graze nearby. During the night the tethered horse broke loose and the pair started back over the trail to Ohio. Mr. Comer wakened suddenly to find the horses gone, and without awakening his wife started out to bring them back. Later in the night Mrs. Comer roused up, only to find herself alone in the swamp with her infant child, husband and horses alike missing. She called out, but the hoot of an owl was the only response. Dismayed she may have been, but frightened not at all. She waited calmly enough and towards sunrise Mr. Comer returned, but without the horses. There remained nothing to be done but resume the journey on foot, which they did, after bending down some young saplings and tying their saddle bags and luggage to the tops of the trees and permitting them to spring back where they would be out of the way of wild animals or other unfriendly travelers, and they had gone but a short distance when their ears were greeted by the crowing of a lordly Chanticleer. Mrs. Comer averred that she never heard sweeter music in her life, nor ever cared to, for that welcome sound betrayed the presence of a human habitation. So indeed it proved, and they were gladly welcomed by the friendly settlers, one of the men of the household going with Mr. Comer in search of their run- away steeds, while Mrs. Comer and her little daughter were made wel- come in the home of their host. Three days later their horses were re- stored to them by some friendly Indians, who had come upon them in the swamp, well on their way back to the haunts of civilization. Mr. and Mrs. Comer were the parents of six children. The first born was Rebecca, and the others were Josephus, Samuel, Henrietta, William Henry and Scytheria. The six children, all of whom are now dead with the exception of Henrietta Fisher, married as follows: Rebecca, mar- ried Caleb Luther and went to California to live, where she afterward died in 1863. Samuel married Nancy Bryarly in 1860. He later went to the war and died in a hospital at Louisville. Josephus married Har- riet Marine and is deceased. Henrietta married Jacob Fisher in 1866 William Henry married Alice King and died in 1872. Scytheria mar- ried Heber Stoddard in 1877, and she died in 1894. Mr. Comer closed his earthly career on January 21, 1876, when death called him from his loved task at the age of seventy-seven years ... ===Arthur Bowser=== ''History of Porter County, Indiana ...'' 2 vols., paginated continuously (Chicago. Lewis Pub. Co.. 1912), 2:861 (Arthur J. Bowser); digital images, [https://hdl.handle.net/2027/wu.89067919191?urlappend=%3Bseq=519%3Bownerid=13510798902226387-543 ''Hathi Trust''].
"... ARTHUR J. BOWSER was born in Valparaiso, Indiana, on October 28, 1862, and is the eldest child of Lewis and Elizabeth (Noel) Bowser ... His first wife dying he married again and located in Valparaiso, founding the second fam- ily, of which Lewis Bowser was the eldest child, and the greater part of whose life was spent in that city. Seven children were born to Lewis and Elizabeth Bowser, all of whom are living at this date (September, 1912), except the second child, Charles, whose death occurred in infancy. The surviving children are Arthur J., of this sketch ; Edward L., Kansas City ; Emerson L., Gary, Indiana : '''Emily (Bowser) Baum, Chesterton, Indiana'''; Bessie (Bowser) Tobin, Argyle, Wisconsin; and Bertrand Bowser, San Francisco. Arthur J. Bowser received his education at St. Paul's Academy Valparaiso, Indiana, and the Valparaiso Public Schools, and graduated from the university of “Hard Knocks” ..." ==History of Sonoma County, California== J. P. Monro-Fraser and Alley, Bowen & Co., ''History of Sonoma County : including its geology, topography, mountains, valleys and streams ...'' (San Francisco: Alley, Bowen & Co., 1880), 631 (John Baum); digital images, [https://hdl.handle.net/2027/uc1.31175035244550?urlappend=%3Bseq=882%3Bownerid=13510798903108835-934 ''Hathi Trust'']. '''Baum, John.''' Farmer, was born in Richland county, Ohio, August 12, 1823, where he remained till 1835, when he removed with his parents to Porter county, Indiana. Here he remained till the spring of 1847, when, with an ox-team he started across the plains to Oregon, being two hundred and twenty-two days making the journey. The stories told by Mr. Baum of his hardships on this journey are very interesting, but for want of space will have to be omitted. His first settlement in Oregon was at Salem, where he remained till September 1848, when he came to California in search of gold. He first began mining on the middle fork of the American river, where he continued two months during the Winter of 1848. Then in November, 1848, he went to Napa City, where he worked at his trade (that of carpenter). Then, in the Spring and Summer of 1849, he went to Yolo county, where he remained herding stock, and in the Spring of 1850 went into the mines again in Shasta county, where he remained a month, and then went back to Oregon; here he worked at his trade during the Summer of 1850. Mr. Baum married Miss Phoebe S. Tieters, July 20, 1851, who died on July 27, 1873. By this marriage he has Veronica M., born August 24, 1854 ; Sarah J., born June 17, 1856 ; James T., born May 15, 1858 ; Arvilla. born May 2, 1860 ; Addie, born November 13, 1863 ; Eva L., born December 29, 1866; John N, born February 16, 1869; Edgar C, born Janu- ary 1, 1871, and one daughter, Clara L, born July 11, 1862, and died in 1863. ==The Works of Hubert Howe Bancroft== Hubert Howe Bankcroft, ''The Works of Hubert Howe Bancroft,'' 39 vols. (San Francisco: A. L. Bancroft and Company, 1882-88). No further reference. Biographical Sketches--John Baum, born in Richland County, Ohio, August 12 1823, removed with his parents to Porter Co., Ind in 1835 and came to Oregon when 24 years of age. He located at Salem but the gold discovery of 1848 drew him to Cal. Here he mined for a few months, but finding his trade of carpentering more attractive and also more profitable, he followed it for a season. In 1850 he drifted back to Oregon from the Shasta mines, and in July 1851 married Phoebe S. Tieters, who died July 1873 leaving 8 children, 3 of whom were sons, namely, James T., John N., and Edgar C. Hubert Howe Bankcroft, ''The Works of Hubert Howe Bancroft,'' 39 vols. (San Francisco: A. L. Bancroft and Company, 1882-88), 19:712 (John Baum/Pioneer Register and Index); digital images, [https://archive.org/details/worksofhuberthow19bancrich/page/711/mode/1up ''InternetArchive'']. Baum (John), 1848, overl. immig. fr. Ohio to Or. '47; and to the Cal. mines '48; returning to Or. in '50. == Sources ==
Baumgarten album unknowns
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Baum--Miller Notes
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[[Miller-74707|Rebecca (Miller) Baum (1803-1887)]]
[[Space:Baum_Biographical|Baum Biographical]] ----- James Baum was born in Crawford County, Pennsylvania, 7 February 1799.Charles Blanchard and Weston Arthur Goodspeed, ''Counties of Porter and Lake, Indiana : historical and biographical '' (Chicago : F. A. Battey, 1882), 328-329 (James Baum/Washington Township); digital images, [https://hdl.handle.net/2027/coo1.ark:/13960/t7cr6dk2j?urlappend=%3Bseq=330 ''Hathi Trust''].''Pictorial and biographical record of La Porte, Porter, Lake and Starke counties, Indiana, containing biographical and genealogical records ...'' (Chicago, Goodspeed bros., 1894), 232-233 (Mrs. Miller Baum); digital images, [https://archive.org/details/pictorialbiograp00chic/page/232/mode/1up ''InternetArchive''].Robert Matkins (Montana) to GeneJ, 2006, has Mead Township, Crawford County, Pennsylvania. He died Washington Township, Porter County, Indiana, 6 April 1884.James Baum, memorial 18742030, gravestone image and obituary (n.p., n.d.); web content, [https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/18742030/james-baum ''FindAGrave''], maintained by Linda Parnetll, gravestone image by Linda Parnell; obituary addd by Steve Shrook. James was the son of John and Catherine (Randolph) Baum.Charles Blanchard and Weston Arthur Goodspeed, ''Counties of Porter and Lake, Indiana : historical and biographical '' (Chicago : F. A. Battey, 1882), 328-329 (James Baum/Washington Township); digital images, [https://hdl.handle.net/2027/coo1.ark:/13960/t7cr6dk2j?urlappend=%3Bseq=330 ''Hathi Trust'']. Rebecca Miller was born in Pennsylvania, 12 January 1803.LVene Thomas, "Miller Ancestral Chart" (Smith version); LVene reports the birth at Berks County. She died Porter County, Indiana, 20 December 1887.Rebecca ''Miller'' Baum, memorial 18742042 and gravestone photographs; web content, [https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/18742042/rebecca-baum ''FindAGrave''], maintained by Linda Parnell; gravestone photographs by Linda Parnell and Michael. Rebecca was. the daughter of [[Miller-3236|Peter Miller (1779-1845)]] and his first wife, [[Kimmerling-2|Rosanna Kimmerling (1781-1813)]]. married in Stark County, Ohio, 8 August 1822, Charles Blanchard and Weston Arthur Goodspeed, ''Counties of Porter and Lake, Indiana : historical and biographical'' (Chicago : F. A. Battey, 1882), 347-348 (Jesse Baum/Morgan Township); digital images. [https://hdl.handle.net/2027/coo1.ark:/13960/t7cr6dk2j?urlappend=%3Bseq=349 ''Hathi Trust'']. working up the child list .... married 08 Apr 1822 at Stark Co., Ohio nine children – Rebecca and James m. Stark Co., Oh; resided first Bloomfield, Richland Co., Oh, then Porter Co., Indiana #John Baum, born in Richland County, Ohio, 12 August 1823,J. P. Monro-Fraser and Alley, Bowen & Co., ''History of Sonoma County : including its geology, topography, mountains, valleys and streams ...'' (San Francisco: Alley, Bowen & Co., 1880), 631 (John Baum); digital images, [https://hdl.handle.net/2027/uc1.31175035244550?urlappend=%3Bseq=882%3Bownerid=13510798903108835-934 ''Hathi Trust'']. died Sonoma County, California, 19 November 1895, buried Sebastopol;John Baum memorial 75193422 and gravestone image; web content, [https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/75193422/john-baum ''FindAGrave''], maintained by Connie; gravestone image by Cashie. married Phoebe Tieters. #[[Baum-1914|Jesse Baum]], born in Richland County, Ohio, 2 December 1826,Charles Blanchard and Weston Arthur Goodspeed, ''Counties of Porter and Lake, Indiana : historical and biographical'' (Chicago : F. A. Battey, 1882), 347-348 (Jesse Baum/Morgan Township); digital images. [https://hdl.handle.net/2027/coo1.ark:/13960/t7cr6dk2j?urlappend=%3Bseq=349 ''Hathi Trust'']. died Morgan Township, Porter County, Indiana, 26Jessie Baum memorial 156704061 and gravestone images; web content, [https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/156704061/jesse-baum ''FindAGrave''], maintained by Michael; gravestone photos by Michael. or 28Bill Shu and others, "Porter County Death Index 1884-1927"; web content, [https://web.archive.org/web/20050112053237/http://www.rootsweb.com/~innwigs/letterb.htm ''RootsWeb''], via ''WayBackMachine''. April 1911. Jessie married (1) Catharine Bundy, married (2) Katherine (Firestone) Boyer. #Peter Miller Baum, born Richland County, Ohio, 12 November 1827,Charles Blanchard and Weston Arthur Goodspeed, ''Counties of Porter and Lake, Indiana : historical and biographical'' (Chicago : F. A. Battey, 1882), 356 (Miller Baum/Jackson Township); digital images. [https://hdl.handle.net/2027/coo1.ark:/13960/t7cr6dk2j?urlappend=%3Bseq=358 ''Hathi Trust'']. died Jackson Township, Porter Co., 1 March 1908;[[Smith-23041|LVene Thomas]] (1910-2004), "Miller Ancestral Chart" (GeneJ version).Peter Miller Baum Indiana death certificate, unknown volume, page 17, registered no. 20; digital image, [https://images.findagrave.com/photos/2019/119/18741797_b4a0f45e-df40-4e82-b7e3-e6194459a5a4.jpeg ''FindAGrave''], courtesy of Steve Shook; informant is Mrs. Baum.Miller Peter Baum, memorial 18741797, gravestone image, obituary and death certificate; web content, [https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/18741797/miller-peter-baum ''FindAGrave''], maintained by Linda Parnell, gravestone image by Linda Parnell, obituary and death certificate posted by Steve Shook. married Caroline Billings #Enoch Baum, born Ohio, 14 April 1830,Albert W. Wood (1904-1987), "The Inquiring Newsletter" (1978), 12 pp., 8 (The Baums); digital images held by GeneJ, courtesy of Lyle Adams (Indiana), 1 May 2006. diedJoyce Kelley reported he died at Kansas, Joyce Kelley, "New Family Tree," 16 April 2006, she cites Diana Ziomkowski (Michigan), letter of 16 May 1985, including obituary, "Death Strikes Down Old Citizens Far Away from their Boyhood Days," reporting "Enoch Baum was born in Starke county, Ohio, April 14, 1830, and died at Thomas Center, Kan., January 30, 1895, in his 65th year ... his wife and six children survive him. He was a brother of J. Wesley Baum of Morgan tp. ..." 30 January 1895;Enoch Baum, memorial 116252650 and gravestone photograph; web content, [https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/116252650/enoch-baum ''FindAGrave''], maintained by Kenneth E Holmes; gravestone images by Kenneth E Holmes, married Eliza Peoples #Lavina Baum, born Ohio, 31 March 1832, died Porter County, Indiana, 9 July 1860;Lavina ''Baum'' Weeks, memorial 61621631 and gravestone photograph; web content, [https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/61621631/lavina-weeks ''FindAGrave''], maintained by Lvmerrills; gravestone image by Teresa Chester. married William Weeks #Lucinda Baum, born 5 August 1835, died in Iowa, 1920;FamilySearch FamilyTree reports she died at Boone County, Iowa, 20 Aug 1916 citing Thomas William Smith, "The Baum Family: Alsace to Alsace & Beyond in 400 Years", (2007)[https://www.familysearch.org/library/books/idviewer/535025/532 page 520], but no such claim is found there.Lucinda ''Baum'' Bushore, memorial 78704743 and gravestone photograph; web content, [https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/78704743/lucinda-bushore ''FindAGrave''], maintained by Cathy; gravestone image by Cathy. married Joseph Bushore. #James Wesley Baum, born Porter County, Indiana, 21 September 1837, died Porter County, 11 June 1911;J. Wesley Baum, memorial 35218311 and gravestone photographs; web content, [https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/35218311/j-wesley-baum ''FindAGrave''], maintained by Linda & Stan; gravestone images by Linda & Stan, and by Michael. married Mariam Axe. #Rebecca Jane Baum, born Porter County, Indiana, 21 May 1840, died in Missouri, 28 November 1918;Rebecca J. ''Baum'' Nickell, memorial 29908125 and gravestone photograph; web content, [https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/29908125/rebecca-j-nickell ''FindAGrave''], maintained by MillieBelle; gravestone image by Cokeman2. married William Andrew Nickell. #Sarah J. Baum, born Porter County, Indiana, 3 August 1842, died Porter County, 28 August 1877;Sarah J. ''Baum'' Drago, memorial 113912956 (no gravestone); web content, [https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/113912956/sarah-j-drago ''FindAGrave''], maintained by Alana Knochel Bauman. married Simon Drago https://web.archive.org/web/20041204090828/http://www.rootsweb.com/~innwigs/portercountydeathindexmainpagetable.html https://web.archive.org/web/20050112053237/http://www.rootsweb.com/~innwigs/letterb.htm == Sources ==
Bavarian Hilburgers
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Most Hilburgers trace back to the Regensburg area of Bavaria, according to a comprehensive evaluation of available church, civil, immigration, and other records. It is likely the surname originated there due to its prominence. With proximity to the Czech and Austrian borders, the surname is also found in those countries. A transcription project is underway by [[Kanalley-2|Craig Kanalley]] to document all Hilburger baptisms and marriages in [https://data.matricula-online.eu/de/deutschland/regensburg/ Bistum Regensburg] (the Catholic Diocese of Regensburg), based on digitized records at [https://data.matricula-online.eu/ Matricula Online]. More than 900 records have been indexed so far. You can find those records below, baptisms first and then marriages. Please check back in the weeks and months ahead for more records. A few notes: # While transcriptions are helpful, always check the original source for confirmation and additional info like godparents or witnesses. Links to the parish registers are at the [[#sources|bottom of this page]]. # The Notes column may indicate "Died young" (confirmed death 18 years old or younger), known marriage(s), or if they're known to have immigrated. # Click the icon at the top of a column to sort. This can help if you're looking for a certain name or place.
Hilburger Baptisms
Jump to [[#Marriages|Marriages]] | [[#sources|Sources]] {| class="wikitable sortable" border="4" |- align=center ! Parish || Date || Given Name || Surname || Birthplace || Legitimacy || Father Given Name || Father Surname || Mother Given Name || Mother Surname || Notes |- | Schirmitz || 1640-11-30 || Jacob || HILBURGER || Pirk || Legitimate || Georg || HILBURGER || Christina || LINDNER || |- | Schirmitz || 1642-04-20 || Johannes || HILBURGER || Pirk || Legitimate || Georg || HILBURGER || Christina || LINDNER || oo Anna Maria KROPF |- | Schirmitz || 1644-02-10 || Georg || HILBURGER || Tröglersricht || Legitimate || Johannes || HILBURGER || Anna || || |- | Schirmitz || 1644-10-04 || Georg || HILBURGER || Pirk || Legitimate || Georg || HILBURGER || Christina || LINDNER || |- | Schirmitz || 1645-02-27 || Johannes || HILBURGER || Schirmitz || Legitimate || Johannes || HILBURGER || Ursula || || |- | Luhe || 1646-01-02 || Johannes || HILBURGER || Pischeldorf || Legitimate || Johannes || HILBURGER || Anna || || |- | Schirmitz || 1646-05-17 || Georg || HILBURGER || Pirk || Legitimate || Georg || HILBURGER || Christina || LINDNER || |- | Luhe || 1647-05-06 || Margaretha || HILBURGER || Luhe || Legitimate || Johannes || HILBURGER || Ursula || || |- | Luhe || 1648-03-15 || Anna || HILBURGER || Luhe || Legitimate || Johannes || HILBURGER || Anna || || |- | Schirmitz || 1648-04-08 || Barbara || HILBURGER || Pirk || Legitimate || Georg || HILBURGER || Christina || LINDNER || Died young |- | Luhe || 1648-07-21 || Anna || HILBURGER || Luhe || Illegitimate || Leonhard || KNORR || Magdalena || HILBURGER || |- | Luhe || 1649-10-09 || Michael || HILBURGER || Luhe || Legitimate || Johannes || HILBURGER || Anna || || |- | Schirmitz || 1650-01-24 || Johannes || HILBURGER || Schirmitz || Legitimate || Matthias || HILBURGER || Catharina || KICK || ooI Anna Magdalena ooII Barbara SCHWARMBERGER |- | Luhe || 1651-01-27 || Anna || HILBURGER || Luhe || Legitimate || Johannes || HILBURGER || Anna || || |- | Schirmitz || 1651-03-25 || Bartholomaeus || HILBURGER || Schirmitz || Legitimate || Matthias || HILBURGER || Catharina || KICK || |- | Luhe || 1652-01-14 || Johann Georg || HILBURGER || Pischeldorf || Legitimate || Johannes || HILBURGER || Anna || || |- | Luhe || 1653-05-09 || Johannes || HILBURGER || Pischeldorf || Legitimate || Johannes || HILBURGER || Anna || || |- | Michldorf || 1654-02-28 || Peter || HILBURGER || Michldorf || Legitimate || Johannes || HILBURGER || Anna || || oo Anna ZILBAUER |- | Schirmitz || 1655-12-12 || Johannes || HILBURGER || Schirmitz || Legitimate || Matthias || HILBURGER || Catharina || KICK || |- | Schirmitz || 1656-06-17 || Elisabeth || HILBURGER || Schirmitz || Legitimate || Matthias || HILBURGER || Anna || LEIDTGEB || |- | Schirmitz || 1657-04-24 || Sabina || HILBURGER || Schirmitz || Legitimate || Matthias || HILBURGER || Catharina || KICK || |- | Michldorf || 1658-05-12 || Adam || HILBURGER || Leuchtenberg || Legitimate || Georg || HILBURGER || Mathilda || GRUEBER || |- | Schirmitz || 1658-09-03 || Peter || HILBURGER || Schirmitz || Legitimate || Matthias || HILBURGER || Anna || LEIDTGEB || Died young |- | Schirmitz || 1660-05-26 || Wolfgang || HILBURGER || Schirmitz || Legitimate || Matthias || HILBURGER || Anna || LEIDTGEB || |- | Schirmitz || 1660-06-24 || Elisabeth || HILBURGER || Schirmitz || Legitimate || Matthias || HILBURGER || Catharina || KICK || |- | Michldorf || 1660-11-05 || Johannes || HILBURGER || Leuchtenberg || Legitimate || Georg || HILBURGER || Mathilda || GRUEBER || Died young |- | Schirmitz || 1662-09-27 || Leonhard || HILBURGER || Schirmitz || Legitimate || Matthias || HILBURGER || Catharina || KICK || |- | Schirmitz || 1662-10-28 || Nicolaus || HILBURGER || Schirmitz || Legitimate || Matthias || HILBURGER || Anna || LEIDTGEB || |- | Michldorf || 1665-05-19 || Johannes || HILBURGER || Leuchtenberg || Legitimate || Simon || HILBURGER || Barbara || || oo Anna Barbara DEMLEUTHNER |- | Glaubendorf || 1666-01-25 || Catharina || HILBURGER || Döllnitz || Legitimate || Paul || HILBURGER || Anna || SCHMIDT || oo Peter LINGL |- | Glaubendorf || 1667-04-25 || Barbara || HILBURGER || Döllnitz || Legitimate || Paul || HILBURGER || Anna || SCHMIDT || |- | Michldorf || 1667-11-14 || Helena || HILBURGER || Wieselrieth || Legitimate || Paul || HILBURGER || Anna || BAYERL || |- | Michldorf || 1668-03-12 || Wolfgang || HILBURGER || Leuchtenberg || Legitimate || Simon || HILBURGER || Barbara || || oo Catharina Barbara FORSTER |- | Michldorf || 1669-05-24 || Anna || HILBURGER || Leuchtenberg || Legitimate || Georg || HILBURGER || Mathilda || GRUEBER || oo Georg BERTHOLD |- | Michldorf || 1670-10-02 || Johann Paul || HILBURGER || Wieselrieth || Legitimate || Paul || HILBURGER || Anna || BAYERL || |- | Michldorf || 1670-10-06 || Margaretha || HILBURGER || Leuchtenberg || Legitimate || Simon || HILBURGER || Barbara || || oo Lorentz KOOS |- | Glaubendorf || 1671-10-02 || Thomas || HILBURGER || Döllnitz || Legitimate || Paul || HILBURGER || Anna || SCHMIDT || |- | Leuchtenberg || 1671-10-27 || Barbara || HILBURGER || Wieselrieth || Legitimate || Paul || HILBURGER || Anna || BAYERL || |- | Schirmitz || 1671-12-26 || Christina || HILBURGER || Pischeldorf || Legitimate || Michael || HILBURGER || Veronica || SCHWAB || oo Johannes KUNZ |- | Leuchtenberg || 1672-01-10 || Johannes || HILBURGER || Leuchtenberg || Legitimate || Georg || HILBURGER || Mathilda || GRUEBER || |- | Glaubendorf || 1672-02-03 || Erhard || HILBURGER || Kötschdorf || Legitimate || Georg || HILBURGER || Anna || || oo Apollonia ZILBAUER |- | Schirmitz || 1673-09-19 || Margaretha || HILBURGER || Pirk || Legitimate || Johannes || HILBURGER || Anna Maria || KROPF || oo Thomas MAYER |- | Leuchtenberg || 1673-10-26 || Thomas || HILBURGER || Döllnitz || Legitimate || Paul || HILBURGER || Anna || SCHMIDT || oo Helena ROGER |- | Schirmitz || 1674-06-22 || Johannes || HILBURGER || Pischeldorf || Legitimate || Michael || HILBURGER || Veronica || SCHWAB || |- | Michldorf || 1674-10-17 || Margaretha || HILBURGER || Kaimling || Legitimate || Lorentz || HILBURGER || Anna || LANDGRAF || |- | Glaubendorf || 1674-11-12 || Erhard || HILBURGER || Kötschdorf || Legitimate || Georg || HILBURGER || Anna || || |- | Leuchtenberg || 1674-12-26 || Georg || HILBURGER || Leuchtenberg || Legitimate || Georg || HILBURGER || Mathilda || GRUEBER || |- | Leuchtenberg || 1675-01-27 || Thomas || HILBURGER || Döllnitz || Legitimate || Paul || HILBURGER || Anna || SCHMIDT || oo Elisabeth GRÖTSCH |- | Michldorf || 1675-01-30 || Margaretha || HILBURGER || Michldorf || Legitimate || Peter || HILBURGER || Anna || ZILBAUER || |- | Leuchtenberg || 1675-09-17 || Wolfgang || HILBURGER || Wieselrieth || Legitimate || Paul || HILBURGER || Anna || BAYERL || oo Dorothea LAMBL |- | Michldorf || 1675-10-18 || Georg || HILBURGER || Kaimling || Legitimate || Lorentz || HILBURGER || Anna || LANDGRAF || oo Ursula SCHOBER |- | Michldorf || 1675-12-31 || Magdalena || HILBURGER || Michldorf || Legitimate || Peter || HILBURGER || Anna || ZILBAUER || |- | Schirmitz || 1676-02-01 || Elisabeth || HILBURGER || Pirk || Legitimate || Johannes || HILBURGER || Anna Maria || KROPF || |- | Leuchtenberg || 1676-05-05 || Wolfgang || HILBURGER || Leuchtenberg || Legitimate || Simon || HILBURGER || Barbara || || ooI Catharina ERNST ooII Maria Cunigunda ooIII Margaretha SERTL |- | Leuchtenberg || 1676-09-11 || Margaretha || HILBURGER || Leuchtenberg || Legitimate || Georg || HILBURGER || Mathilda || GRUEBER || |- | Michldorf || 1676-10-22 || Georg || HILBURGER || Kaimling || Legitimate || Lorentz || HILBURGER || Anna || LANDGRAF || |- | Glaubendorf || 1677-07-15 || Johannes || HILBURGER || Glaubendorf || Legitimate || Johannes || HILBURGER || Barbara || POPP || |- | Glaubendorf || 1678-04-07 || Georg || HILBURGER || Kötschdorf || Legitimate || Georg || HILBURGER || Anna || || |- | Leuchtenberg || 1678-05-10 || Barbara || HILBURGER || Wieselrieth || Legitimate || Paul || HILBURGER || Anna || BAYERL || |- | Leuchtenberg || 1678-05-10 || Magdalena || HILBURGER || Wieselrieth || Legitimate || Paul || HILBURGER || Anna || BAYERL || oo Christoph PAUL |- | Michldorf || 1678-07-27 || Johannes || HILBURGER || Michldorf || Legitimate || Peter || HILBURGER || Anna || ZILBAUER || oo Margaretha GRUEBER |- | Glaubendorf || 1678-10-23 || Johannes || HILBURGER || Glaubendorf || Legitimate || Johannes || HILBURGER || Barbara || POPP || oo Margaretha WINTER |- | Michldorf || 1679-03-29 || Georg || HILBURGER || Kaimling || Legitimate || Lorentz || HILBURGER || Anna || LANDGRAF || |- | Leuchtenberg || 1679-07-27 || Wolfgang || HILBURGER || Leuchtenberg || Legitimate || Simon || HILBURGER || Barbara || || |- | Schirmitz || 1680-02-04 || Andreas || HILBURGER || Pischeldorf || Legitimate || Johannes || HILBURGER || Barbara || || |- | Leuchtenberg || 1680-04-03 || Margaretha || HILBURGER || Wieselrieth || Legitimate || Paul || HILBURGER || Anna || BAYERL || |- | Schirmitz || 1681-03-20 || Margaretha || HILBURGER || Pischeldorf || Legitimate || Johannes || HILBURGER || Anna || || |- | Michldorf || 1681-03-26 || Magdalena || HILBURGER || Michldorf || Legitimate || Peter || HILBURGER || Anna || ZILBAUER || |- | Schirmitz || 1681-04-24 || Barbara || HILBURGER || Pischeldorf || Legitimate || Johannes || HILBURGER || Catharina || || |- | Leuchtenberg || 1681-06-17 || Anna Margaretha || HILBURGER || Leuchtenberg || Legitimate || Georg || HILBURGER || Mathilda || GRUEBER || |- | Schirmitz || 1681-09-07 || Johannes || HILBURGER || Pirk || Legitimate || Johannes || HILBURGER || Anna Maria || KROPF || oo Margaretha KICK |- | Glaubendorf || 1681-10-27 || Catharina || HILBURGER || Glaubendorf || Legitimate || Johannes || HILBURGER || Barbara || POPP || |- | Michldorf || 1681-12-14 || Georg || HILBURGER || Kaimling || Legitimate || Lorentz || HILBURGER || Anna || LANDGRAF || |- | Glaubendorf || 1682-01-23 || Georg Adam || HILBURGER || Kötschdorf || Legitimate || Georg || HILBURGER || Anna || || |- | Schirmitz || 1682-08-06 || Margaretha || HILBURGER || Pischeldorf || Legitimate || Johannes || HILBURGER || Catharina || || |- | Glaubendorf || 1683-05-20 || Catharina || HILBURGER || Glaubendorf || Legitimate || Johannes || HILBURGER || Barbara || POPP || |- | Leuchtenberg || 1684-05-19 || Wolfgang || HILBURGER || Leuchtenberg || Legitimate || Simon || HILBURGER || Barbara || || |- | Michldorf || 1684-06-09 || Michael || HILBURGER || Michldorf || Legitimate || Peter || HILBURGER || Anna || ZILBAUER || |- | Schirmitz || 1684-07-15 || Anna || HILBURGER || Pirk || Legitimate || Johannes || HILBURGER || Anna Maria || KROPF || |- | Michldorf || 1684-08-16 || Dorothea || HILBURGER || Kaimling || Legitimate || Lorentz || HILBURGER || Anna || LANDGRAF || |- | Schirmitz || 1684-09-16 || Anna Margaretha || HILBURGER || Schirmitz || Legitimate || Johannes || HILBURGER || Anna Magdalena || || |- | Glaubendorf || 1684-11-30 || Catharina || HILBURGER || Glaubendorf || Legitimate || Johannes || HILBURGER || Barbara || POPP || |- | Leuchtenberg || 1684-12-24 || Barbara || HILBURGER || Wieselrieth || Legitimate || Paul || HILBURGER || Anna || BAYERL || |- | Schirmitz || 1685-03-10 || Christina || HILBURGER || Pischeldorf || Legitimate || Michael || HILBURGER || Anna Walburga || MAYER || |- | Leuchtenberg || 1685-03-21 || Johann Michael || HILBURGER || Leuchtenberg || Legitimate || Georg || HILBURGER || Margaretha || STRIGL || ooI Anna Margaretha SPINDLER ooII Anna Margaretha DEMLEUTHNER |- | Glaubendorf || 1685-10-25 || Anna Dorothea || HILBURGER || Kötschdorf || Legitimate || Georg || HILBURGER || Anna || || Died young |- | Leuchtenberg || 1685-12-02 || Ursula || HILBURGER || Leuchtenberg || Legitimate || Simon || HILBURGER || Barbara || || |- | Glaubendorf || 1686-01-31 || Andreas || HILBURGER || Glaubendorf || Legitimate || Johannes || HILBURGER || Barbara || POPP || oo Anna FRISCHHOLZ |- | Leuchtenberg || 1686-09-01 || Anna Maria Cordula || HILBURGER || Leuchtenberg || Legitimate || Georg || HILBURGER || Margaretha || STRIGL || |- | Michldorf || 1686-12-15 || Anna Maria || HILBURGER || Michldorf || Legitimate || Peter || HILBURGER || Anna || ZILBAUER || oo Johannes PRAUN |- | Michldorf || 1687-02-19 || Dorothea || HILBURGER || Kaimling || Legitimate || Lorentz || HILBURGER || Cunigunda || WALDEN || oo Matthias STRIGL |- | Luhe || 1687-07-24 || Sebastian || HILBURGER || Oberwildenau || Legitimate || Johannes || HILBURGER || Catharina || || |- | Schirmitz || 1687-07-28 || Johann Jacob || HILBURGER || Pirk || Legitimate || Johannes || HILBURGER || Anna Maria || KROPF || |- | Schirmitz || 1687-09-14 || Barbara || HILBURGER || Schirmitz || Legitimate || Johannes || HILBURGER || Cunigunda || || |- | Glaubendorf || 1687-09-23 || Catharina || HILBURGER || Glaubendorf || Legitimate || Johannes || HILBURGER || Barbara || POPP || |- | Schirmitz || 1687-11-13 || Michael || HILBURGER || Pischeldorf || Legitimate || Johannes || HILBURGER || Margaretha || || |- | Leuchtenberg || 1688-04-10 || Anna Maria Cordula || HILBURGER || Leuchtenberg || Legitimate || Georg || HILBURGER || Margaretha || STRIGL || |- | Schirmitz || 1688-06-28 || Veit || HILBURGER || Schirmitz || Legitimate || Johannes || HILBURGER || Anna Magdalena || || oo Anna Elisabeth LINDNER |- | Glaubendorf || 1688-07-31 || Johann Georg || HILBURGER || Kötschdorf || Legitimate || Georg || HILBURGER || Anna || || ooI Anna FRISCHHOLZ ooII Maria MULZER |- | Michldorf || 1689-10-27 || Cunigunda || HILBURGER || Engelshof || Legitimate || Peter || HILBURGER || Anna || ZILBAUER || |- | Michldorf || 1689-12-06 || Johannes || HILBURGER || Kaimling || Legitimate || Lorentz || HILBURGER || Cunigunda || WALDEN || |- | Glaubendorf || 1690-05-11 || Andreas || HILBURGER || Glaubendorf || Legitimate || Johannes || HILBURGER || Barbara || POPP || oo Catharina |- | Leuchtenberg || 1690-08-31 || Georg Wolfgang || HILBURGER || Leuchtenberg || Legitimate || Georg || HILBURGER || Margaretha || STRIGL || oo Maria DONHAUSER |- | Glaubendorf || 1690-11-05 || Andreas || HILBURGER || Wittschau || Illegitimate || Thomas || HILBURGER || Cunigunda || FICKER || |- | Schirmitz || 1690-12-09 || Anna Maria || HILBURGER || Pirk || Legitimate || Johannes || HILBURGER || Anna Maria || KROPF || |- | Michldorf || 1690-12-18 || Johannes || HILBURGER || Kaimling || Legitimate || Lorentz || HILBURGER || Cunigunda || WALDEN || |- | Leuchtenberg || 1691-04-23 || Anna Maria Cordula || HILBURGER || Leuchtenberg || Legitimate || Wolfgang || HILBURGER || Catharina Barbara || FORSTER || |- | Leuchtenberg || 1691-05-28 || Margaretha || HILBURGER || Lückenrieth || Legitimate || Johannes || HILBURGER || Cunigunda || || |- | Schirmitz || 1691-06-15 || Anna Margaretha || HILBURGER || Schirmitz || Legitimate || Johannes || HILBURGER || Anna Magdalena || || oo Leonhard BIRCKMILLER |- | Leuchtenberg || 1691-11-12 || Anna Maria || HILBURGER || Döllnitz || Legitimate || Paul || HILBURGER || Margaretha || BERTHOLD || |- | Leuchtenberg || 1692-06-20 || Anna Maria Cordula || HILBURGER || Leuchtenberg || Legitimate || Wolfgang || HILBURGER || Catharina Barbara || FORSTER || |- | Glaubendorf || 1693-06-24 || Catharina || HILBURGER || Glaubendorf || Legitimate || Johannes || HILBURGER || Barbara || POPP || |- | Schirmitz || 1693-10-14 || Anna Barbara || HILBURGER || Schirmitz || Legitimate || Johannes || HILBURGER || Anna Magdalena || || |- | Roggenstein || 1694-02-23 || Wolfgang || HILBURGER || Kaimling || Legitimate || Johannes || HILBURGER || Margaretha || LANG || Died young |- | Schirmitz || 1695-01-11 || Barbara || HILBURGER || Schirmitz || Legitimate || Johannes || HILBURGER || Anna Magdalena || || |- | Roggenstein || 1695-01-12 || Georg || HILBURGER || Kaimling || Legitimate || Lorentz || HILBURGER || Cunigunda || WALDEN || Died young |- | Roggenstein || 1695-02-07 || Cunigunda || HILBURGER || Kaimling || Legitimate || Johannes || HILBURGER || Margaretha || LANG || oo Matthias OSTERREICHER |- | Michldorf || 1695-03-22 || Johann Adam || HILBURGER || Engelshof || Legitimate || Peter || HILBURGER || Anna || ZILBAUER || oo Catharina Elisabeth DE LEVIN |- | Leuchtenberg || 1695-06-14 || Johann Michael || HILBURGER || Leuchtenberg || Legitimate || Wolfgang || HILBURGER || Catharina Barbara || FORSTER || |- | Schirmitz || 1696-01-03 || Anna Eva || HILBURGER || Pischeldorf || Legitimate || Johannes || HILBURGER || Anna || || Died young |- | Leuchtenberg || 1696-06-06 || Johannes || HILBURGER || Lückenrieth || Legitimate || Johannes || HILBURGER || Cunigunda || || |- | Schirmitz || 1696-07-16 || Barbara || HILBURGER || Schirmitz || Legitimate || Johannes || HILBURGER || Anna Magdalena || || oo Bartholomaeus KNEIDL |- | Glaubendorf || 1696-09-15 || Johannes || HILBURGER || Glaubendorf || Legitimate || Johannes || HILBURGER || Barbara || POPP || Died young |- | Leuchtenberg || 1696-10-16 || Erhard || HILBURGER || Leuchtenberg || Legitimate || Johannes || HILBURGER || Anna Barbara || DEMLEUTHNER || |- | Glaubendorf || 1696-10-19 || Ursula || HILBURGER || Kötschdorf || Legitimate || Erhard || HILBURGER || Apollonia || ZILBAUER || Died young |- | Leuchtenberg || 1697-02-07 || Michael || HILBURGER || Leuchtenberg || Legitimate || Wolfgang || HILBURGER || Catharina Barbara || FORSTER || |- | Glaubendorf || 1698-02-19 || Jacob || HILBURGER || Kötschdorf || Legitimate || Erhard || HILBURGER || Apollonia || ZILBAUER || oo Margaretha TROIDL |- | Glaubendorf || 1698-05-16 || Anna || HILBURGER || Glaubendorf || Legitimate || Johannes || HILBURGER || Barbara || POPP || |- | Roggenstein || 1698-06-15 || Georg || HILBURGER || Kaimling || Legitimate || Lorentz || HILBURGER || Cunigunda || WALDEN || oo Veronica HAGEN |- | Leuchtenberg || 1699-01-03 || Maria Catharina || HILBURGER || Leuchtenberg || Legitimate || Johannes || HILBURGER || Anna Barbara || DEMLEUTHNER || |- | Glaubendorf || 1699-02-16 || Apollonia || HILBURGER || Preppach || Legitimate || Thomas || HILBURGER || Helena || ROGER || oo Andreas ROEDERER |- | Leuchtenberg || 1699-03-20 || Anna Catharina || HILBURGER || Leuchtenberg || Legitimate || Wolfgang || HILBURGER || Catharina Barbara || FORSTER || |- | Glaubendorf || 1700-02-02 || Johann Thomas || HILBURGER || Preppach || Legitimate || Thomas || HILBURGER || Helena || ROGER || Died young |- | Leuchtenberg || 1701-03-05 || Johann Erhard || HILBURGER || Leuchtenberg || Legitimate || Johannes || HILBURGER || Anna Barbara || DEMLEUTHNER || |- | Glaubendorf || 1701-06-26 || Johann Ernst || HILBURGER || Preppach || Legitimate || Thomas || HILBURGER || Helena || ROGER || oo Maria Magdalena FORSTER |- | Roggenstein || 1701-12-09 || Johann Georg || HILBURGER || Kaimling || Legitimate || Johannes || HILBURGER || Margaretha || LANG || oo Barbara OSTERREICHER |- | Leuchtenberg || 1702-06-14 || Johann Georg || HILBURGER || Leuchtenberg || Legitimate || Wolfgang || HILBURGER || Catharina || ERNST || |- | Pleystein || 1703-02-06 || Sebald || HILBURGER || Bruckhof || Legitimate || Johannes || HILBURGER || Eva || || |- | Glaubendorf || 1703-03-23 || Maria || HILBURGER || Kötschdorf || Legitimate || Erhard || HILBURGER || Apollonia || ZILBAUER || oo Wolfgang HEROLD |- | Leuchtenberg || 1703-11-18 || Walburga || HILBURGER || Leuchtenberg || Legitimate || Wolfgang || HILBURGER || Catharina || ERNST || |- | Leuchtenberg || 1703-11-19 || Johannes || HILBURGER || Leuchtenberg || Legitimate || Wolfgang || HILBURGER || Dorothea || LAMBL || |- | Glaubendorf || 1704-05-25 || Philipp || HILBURGER || Preppach || Legitimate || Thomas || HILBURGER || Helena || ROGER || Died young |- | Leuchtenberg || 1704-06-20 || Anna Margaretha || HILBURGER || Leuchtenberg || Legitimate || Wolfgang || HILBURGER || Catharina Barbara || FORSTER || |- | Roggenstein || 1704-07-30 || Georg || HILBURGER || Kaimling || Legitimate || Johannes || HILBURGER || Margaretha || LANG || |- | Roggenstein || 1704-09-28 || Eva || HILBURGER || Kaimling || Legitimate || Lorentz || HILBURGER || Cunigunda || WALDEN || |- | Leuchtenberg || 1704-10-06 || Maria Cunigunda || HILBURGER || Döllnitz || Legitimate || Thomas || HILBURGER || Elisabeth || GRÖTSCH || oo Matthias ECKERT |- | Leuchtenberg || 1705-05-10 || Barbara || HILBURGER || Nankau || Legitimate || Wolfgang || HILBURGER || Eva || || |- | Glaubendorf || 1705-06-08 || Anna Cunigunda || HILBURGER || Preppach || Legitimate || Thomas || HILBURGER || Helena || ROGER || Died young |- | Glaubendorf || 1705-07-26 || Johann Jacob || HILBURGER || Kötschdorf || Legitimate || Erhard || HILBURGER || Apollonia || ZILBAUER || oo Maria HOLZINGER |- | Leuchtenberg || 1705-10-31 || Margaretha || HILBURGER || Leuchtenberg || Legitimate || Wolfgang || HILBURGER || Catharina || ERNST || |- | Leuchtenberg || 1706-01-21 || Anna Catharina || HILBURGER || Leuchtenberg || Legitimate || Wolfgang || HILBURGER || Catharina Barbara || FORSTER || |- | Glaubendorf || 1706-11-15 || Johannes || HILBURGER || Preppach || Legitimate || Thomas || HILBURGER || Helena || ROGER || |- | Leuchtenberg || 1707-01-08 || Maria Magdalena || HILBURGER || Döllnitz || Legitimate || Thomas || HILBURGER || Elisabeth || GRÖTSCH || oo Johann Ulrich BETZ |- | Schirmitz || 1707-08-03 || Martin || HILBURGER || Pirk || Legitimate || Johannes || HILBURGER || Dorothea || || Died young |- | Leuchtenberg || 1707-10-16 || Margaretha || HILBURGER || Leuchtenberg || Legitimate || Wolfgang || HILBURGER || Dorothea || LAMBL || |- | Leuchtenberg || 1708-04-11 || Georg Michael || HILBURGER || Leuchtenberg || Legitimate || Wolfgang || HILBURGER || Catharina Barbara || FORSTER || oo Barbara SCHMIDL |- | Glaubendorf || 1708-09-06 || Johannes || HILBURGER || Glaubendorf || Legitimate || Johannes || HILBURGER || Margaretha || WINTER || Died young |- | Glaubendorf || 1709-02-02 || Bartholomaeus || HILBURGER || Kötschdorf || Legitimate || Erhard || HILBURGER || Apollonia || ZILBAUER || oo Magdalena HAMMER |- | Glaubendorf || 1709-03-17 || Cunigunda || HILBURGER || Preppach || Legitimate || Thomas || HILBURGER || Helena || ROGER || |- | Michldorf || 1709-05-13 || Georg || HILBURGER || Engelshof || Legitimate || Johannes || HILBURGER || Anna Margaretha || GRUEBER || Died young |- | Michldorf || 1709-05-13 || Catharina Margaretha || HILBURGER || Engelshof || Legitimate || Johannes || HILBURGER || Anna Margaretha || GRUEBER || Died young |- | Schirmitz || 1709-12-14 || Anna || HILBURGER || Schirmitz || Legitimate || Johannes || HILBURGER || Barbara || SCHWARMBERGER || Died young |- | Glaubendorf || 1710-06-15 || Conrad || HILBURGER || Preppach || Legitimate || Thomas || HILBURGER || Helena || ROGER || oo Anna Margaretha GRADL |- | Schirmitz || 1710-07-14 || Eva || HILBURGER || Pirk || Legitimate || Johannes || HILBURGER || Dorothea || || |- | Leuchtenberg || 1711-01-01 || Joseph || HILBURGER || Leuchtenberg || Legitimate || Wolfgang || HILBURGER || Catharina Barbara || FORSTER || ooI Anna Maria WILD ooII Anna Maria Magdalena KOLL |- | Leuchtenberg || 1711-02-16 || Conrad || HILBURGER || Leuchtenberg || Legitimate || Wolfgang || HILBURGER || Dorothea || LAMBL || |- | Glaubendorf || 1711-03-24 || Johannes || HILBURGER || Glaubendorf || Legitimate || Johannes || HILBURGER || Margaretha || WINTER || ooI Anna Barbara KEINL ooII Anna Rosina SEEL |- | Glaubendorf || 1711-06-04 || Jacob || HILBURGER || Kötschdorf || Legitimate || Erhard || HILBURGER || Apollonia || ZILBAUER || oo Elisabeth FLÄSSER |- | Leuchtenberg || 1711-07-01 || Johann Veit || HILBURGER || Leuchtenberg || Legitimate || Wolfgang || HILBURGER || Catharina || ERNST || |- | Leuchtenberg || 1711-09-01 || Anna Ursula || HILBURGER || Döllnitz || Legitimate || Thomas || HILBURGER || Elisabeth || GRÖTSCH || oo Johannes FRANZL |- | Leuchtenberg || 1712-01-07 || Sybilla || HILBURGER || Leuchtenberg || Legitimate || Johann Michael || HILBURGER || Anna Margaretha || SPINDLER || |- | Schirmitz || 1712-09-19 || Eva Margaretha || HILBURGER || Pischeldorf || Legitimate || Adam || HILBURGER || Dorothea || BAUM || |- | Leuchtenberg || 1713-09-18 || Anna Eleonora Franziska || HILBURGER || Leuchtenberg || Legitimate || Johann Michael || HILBURGER || Anna Margaretha || SPINDLER || |- | Schirmitz || 1713-09-19 || Eva || HILBURGER || Pirk || Legitimate || Johannes || HILBURGER || Dorothea || || |- | Schnaittenbach || 1713-09-26 || Georg || HILBURGER || Forscht || Legitimate || Johannes || HILBURGER || Ursula || || |- | Schirmitz || 1713-12-25 || Georg Adam || HILBURGER || Pirk || Legitimate || Johannes || HILBURGER || Margaretha || KICK || Died young |- | Michldorf || 1714-01-18 || Anna || HILBURGER || Engelshof || Legitimate || Johannes || HILBURGER || Anna Margaretha || GRUEBER || oo Johannes KICK |- | Glaubendorf || 1714-06-11 || Margaretha || HILBURGER || Kötschdorf || Legitimate || Erhard || HILBURGER || Apollonia || ZILBAUER || Died young |- | Glaubendorf || 1714-08-10 || Anna || HILBURGER || Glaubendorf || Legitimate || Johannes || HILBURGER || Margaretha || WINTER || oo Christoph AICHINGER |- | Schnaittenbach || 1714-11-20 || Leonhard || HILBURGER || Schnaittenbach || Legitimate || Georg Wolfgang || HILBURGER || Maria || DONHAUSER || |- | Leuchtenberg || 1715-01-23 || Georg Ulrich || HILBURGER || Leuchtenberg || Legitimate || Johann Michael || HILBURGER || Anna Margaretha || SPINDLER || |- | Leuchtenberg || 1715-02-14 || Johann Wolfgang || HILBURGER || Leuchtenberg || Legitimate || Wolfgang || HILBURGER || Catharina || ERNST || |- | Schirmitz || 1715-10-12 || Adam || HILBURGER || Pirk || Legitimate || Johannes || HILBURGER || Margaretha || KICK || oo Anna Barbara LANDGRAF |- | Glaubendorf || 1716-02-09 || Catharina || HILBURGER || Kötschdorf || Legitimate || Erhard || HILBURGER || Apollonia || ZILBAUER || |- | Glaubendorf || 1716-02-09 || Bartholomaeus || HILBURGER || Kötschdorf || Legitimate || Erhard || HILBURGER || Apollonia || ZILBAUER || |- | Schnaittenbach || 1717-01-13 || Anna Barbara || HILBURGER || Schnaittenbach || Legitimate || Georg Wolfgang || HILBURGER || Maria || DONHAUSER || Died young |- | Leuchtenberg || 1717-02-19 || Georg Andreas || HILBURGER || Leuchtenberg || Legitimate || Johann Michael || HILBURGER || Anna Margaretha || SPINDLER || |- | Leuchtenberg || 1717-02-19 || Leonhard || HILBURGER || Leuchtenberg || Legitimate || Johann Michael || HILBURGER || Anna Margaretha || SPINDLER || |- | Floss || 1717-05-26 || Catharina || HILBURGER || Floss || Legitimate || Andreas || HILBURGER || Catharina || || |- | Glaubendorf || 1717-06-11 || Johannes || HILBURGER || Glaubendorf || Legitimate || Johannes || HILBURGER || Margaretha || WINTER || Died young |- | Schirmitz || 1717-06-13 || Margaretha || HILBURGER || Pirk || Legitimate || Johannes || HILBURGER || Dorothea || || oo Johann Georg WEICH |- | Schnaittenbach || 1718-06-06 || Caspar || HILBURGER || Schnaittenbach || Legitimate || Georg Wolfgang || HILBURGER || Maria || DONHAUSER || oo Johanna GOETZ |- | Schirmitz || 1718-09-26 || Anna Elisabeth || HILBURGER || Pirk || Legitimate || Johannes || HILBURGER || Margaretha || KICK || oo Benedict FISCHER |- | Glaubendorf || 1719-10-07 || Rosina || HILBURGER || Preppach || Legitimate || Thomas || HILBURGER || Helena || ROGER || Died young |- | Leuchtenberg || 1719-12-11 || Joseph || HILBURGER || Leuchtenberg || Legitimate || Wolfgang || HILBURGER || Catharina || ERNST || |- | Leuchtenberg || 1719-12-11 || Ferdinand || HILBURGER || Leuchtenberg || Legitimate || Wolfgang || HILBURGER || Catharina || ERNST || |- | Floss || 1720-01-19 || Johann Wolfgang || HILBURGER || Floss || Legitimate || Andreas || HILBURGER || Catharina || || ooI Anna Margaretha GOELLER ooII Anna Maria LINDNER ooIII Catharina Margaretha LINDNER |- | Luhe || 1720-01-27 || Johann Erhard || HILBURGER || Unterwildenau || Legitimate || Johann Georg || HILBURGER || Anna || FRISCHHOLZ || |- | Schirmitz || 1721-06-09 || Leonhard || HILBURGER || Pirk || Legitimate || Johannes || HILBURGER || Dorothea || || |- | Luhe || 1721-06-26 || Magdalena || HILBURGER || Unterwildenau || Legitimate || Johann Georg || HILBURGER || Anna || FRISCHHOLZ || |- | Luhe || 1721-06-26 || Magdalena || HILBURGER || Unterwildenau || Legitimate || Georg || HILBURGER || Anna || || |- | Schnaittenbach || 1721-06-27 || Urban || HILBURGER || Schnaittenbach || Legitimate || Georg Wolfgang || HILBURGER || Maria || DONHAUSER || ooI Anna Catharina DAUBENMAERCKL ooII Magdalena WEIGL |- | Schirmitz || 1721-08-11 || Johann Adam || HILBURGER || Pirk || Legitimate || Johannes || HILBURGER || Margaretha || KICK || Died young |- | Michldorf || 1721-11-17 || Friedrich Erhard || HILBURGER || Engelshof || Legitimate || Johann Adam || HILBURGER || Catharina Elisabeth || DE LEVIN || |- | Leuchtenberg || 1721-11-22 || Maria Ursula || HILBURGER || Leuchtenberg || Legitimate || Wolfgang || HILBURGER || Maria Cunigunda || || |- | Floss || 1723-03-02 || Anna Catharina Cunigunda || HILBURGER || Floss || Legitimate || Andreas || HILBURGER || Catharina || || Died young |- | Luhe || 1723-04-26 || Elisabeth || HILBURGER || Unterwildenau || Legitimate || Johann Georg || HILBURGER || Anna || FRISCHHOLZ || |- | Glaubendorf || 1723-05-11 || Johannes || HILBURGER || Glaubendorf || Legitimate || Andreas || HILBURGER || Anna || FRISCHHOLZ || Died young |- | Leuchtenberg || 1724-02-20 || Johann Georg || HILBURGER || Leuchtenberg || Legitimate || Wolfgang || HILBURGER || Maria Cunigunda || || |- | Schirmitz || 1724-04-21 || Johann Wolfgang || HILBURGER || Schirmitz || Legitimate || Veit || HILBURGER || Anna Elisabeth || LINDNER || oo Anna Margaretha BAUER |- | Michldorf || 1724-05-03 || Maria Franziska || HILBURGER || Engelshof || Legitimate || Johann Adam || HILBURGER || Catharina Elisabeth || DE LEVIN || |- | Roggenstein || 1724-12-18 || Anna Barbara || HILBURGER || Roggenstein || Legitimate || Andreas || HILBURGER || Anna || || |- | Schirmitz || 1725-07-18 || Adam || HILBURGER || Pirk || Legitimate || Johannes || HILBURGER || Margaretha || KICK || oo Anna Elisabeth PAUSCH |- | Luhe || 1725-08-06 || Stephan || HILBURGER || Unterwildenau || Legitimate || Johann Georg || HILBURGER || Anna || FRISCHHOLZ || |- | Luhe || 1725-08-06 || Catharina || HILBURGER || Unterwildenau || Legitimate || Johann Georg || HILBURGER || Anna || FRISCHHOLZ || Died young |- | Pleystein || 1725-08-10 || Lorentz || HILBURGER || Marxmühl || Legitimate || Johannes || HILBURGER || Maria || || Died young |- | Schnaittenbach || 1725-08-21 || Anna Barbara || HILBURGER || Schnaittenbach || Legitimate || Georg Wolfgang || HILBURGER || Maria || DONHAUSER || Died young |- | Leuchtenberg || 1726-04-27 || Rosina || HILBURGER || Leuchtenberg || Illegitimate || Joseph || KERBER || Walburga || HILBURGER || |- | Schirmitz || 1726-05-07 || Anna Margaretha || HILBURGER || Schirmitz || Legitimate || Veit || HILBURGER || Anna Elisabeth || LINDNER || oo Matthias ERMER |- | Leuchtenberg || 1726-10-21 || Maximilian Philipp || HILBURGER || Leuchtenberg || Legitimate || Wolfgang || HILBURGER || Maria Cunigunda || || |- | Luhe || 1726-12-31 || Anna Barbara || HILBURGER || Luhe || Legitimate || Michael || HILBURGER || Barbara || BIX || Died young |- | Schnaittenbach || 1727-01-02 || Maria Margaretha || HILBURGER || Schnaittenbach || Legitimate || Georg Wolfgang || HILBURGER || Maria || DONHAUSER || Died young |- | Roggenstein || 1727-02-22 || Franz Felix Anton || HILBURGER || Kaimling || Legitimate || Johann Georg || HILBURGER || Barbara || OSTERREICHER || |- | Rothenstadt || 1727-07-19 || Maria Walburga || HILBURGER || Rothenstadt || Legitimate || Johannes || HILBURGER || Magdalena || || |- | Roggenstein || 1728-03-10 || Anna Margaretha || HILBURGER || Roggenstein || Legitimate || Andreas || HILBURGER || Anna || || Died young |- | Schirmitz || 1728-10-11 || Johannes || HILBURGER || Schirmitz || Legitimate || Veit || HILBURGER || Anna Elisabeth || LINDNER || oo Margaretha KOLLER |- | Leuchtenberg || 1728-10-20 || Johann Adam || HILBURGER || Leuchtenberg || Legitimate || Veit || HILBURGER || Anna Margaretha || FRÖHLICH || oo Anna Maria SCHEIDL |- | Oberköblitz || 1728-10-31 || Anna Eva || HILBURGER || Feistelberg || Legitimate || Jacob || HILBURGER || Margaretha || TROIDL || |- | Roggenstein || 1729-03-20 || Anna Margaretha || HILBURGER || Roggenstein || Legitimate || Andreas || HILBURGER || Anna || || |- | Leuchtenberg || 1729-09-12 || Andreas Adam || HILBURGER || Leuchtenberg || Legitimate || Wolfgang || HILBURGER || Maria Cunigunda || || |- | Luhe || 1729-11-03 || Cunigunda || HILBURGER || Luhe || Legitimate || Michael || HILBURGER || Barbara || BIX || |- | Roggenstein || 1730-03-15 || Anna Maria || HILBURGER || Kaimling || Legitimate || Matthias || HILBURGER || Barbara || || |- | Schirmitz || 1730-10-13 || Anna Margaretha || HILBURGER || Schirmitz || Legitimate || Veit || HILBURGER || Anna Elisabeth || LINDNER || Died young |- | Leuchtenberg || 1730-10-14 || Georg Wolfgang || HILBURGER || Leuchtenberg || Legitimate || Wolfgang || HILBURGER || Maria Cunigunda || || |- | Michldorf || 1731-01-10 || Johannes || HILBURGER || Engelshof || Illegitimate || Johann Adam || HILBURGER || Anna Maria || VOGL || |- | Oberköblitz || 1731-06-17 || Anna Barbara || HILBURGER || Feistelberg || Legitimate || Jacob || HILBURGER || Margaretha || TROIDL || Died young |- | Luhe || 1731-09-16 || Johann Georg || HILBURGER || Unterwildenau || Legitimate || Johann Georg || HILBURGER || Maria || MULZER || |- | Roggenstein || 1732-07-25 || Maria Eva || HILBURGER || Kaimling || Illegitimate || Georg || HILBURGER || Veronica || HAGEN || |- | Glaubendorf || 1732-09-08 || Johannes || HILBURGER || Preppach || Legitimate || Johann Ernst || HILBURGER || Maria Magdalena || FORSTER || |- | Luhe || 1733-03-05 || Johann Georg Marcus || HILBURGER || Luhe || Legitimate || Michael || HILBURGER || Barbara || BIX || |- | Roggenstein || 1733-10-08 || Johannes || HILBURGER || Kaimling || Legitimate || Johannes || HILBURGER || Magdalena || || oo Anna Margaretha HORN |- | Schirmitz || 1734-04-17 || Johann Veit || HILBURGER || Schirmitz || Legitimate || Veit || HILBURGER || Anna Elisabeth || LINDNER || oo Anna Barbara SOMMER |- | Glaubendorf || 1734-06-02 || Johann Bartholomaeus || HILBURGER || Glaubendorf || Legitimate || Johann Jacob || HILBURGER || Maria || HOLZINGER || oo Maria GOESL |- | Glaubendorf || 1734-07-02 || Anna Margaretha || HILBURGER || Preppach || Legitimate || Johann Ernst || HILBURGER || Maria Magdalena || FORSTER || Died young |- | Luhe || 1734-07-07 || Maria Margaretha || HILBURGER || Luhe || Legitimate || Michael || HILBURGER || Barbara || BIX || |- | Oberköblitz || 1734-12-25 || Anna Eva || HILBURGER || Feistelberg || Legitimate || Jacob || HILBURGER || Margaretha || TROIDL || |- | Leuchtenberg || 1735-01-23 || Lorentz || HILBURGER || Leuchtenberg || Legitimate || Wolfgang || HILBURGER || Margaretha || SERTL || |- | Roggenstein || 1735-03-09 || Georg Adam || HILBURGER || Kaimling || Legitimate || Georg || HILBURGER || Veronica || HAGEN || Died young |- | Oberköblitz || 1735-10-02 || Anna Eva || HILBURGER || Feistelberg || Legitimate || Jacob || HILBURGER || Margaretha || TROIDL || |- | Leuchtenberg || 1736-01-14 || Maria Magdalena || HILBURGER || Leuchtenberg || Legitimate || Conrad || HILBURGER || Anna Margaretha || GRADL || |- | Miesbrunn || 1736-01-30 || Johann Georg || HILBURGER || Miesbrunn || Legitimate || Johann Adam || HILBURGER || Eva Rosina || HAAS || oo Maria Anna HUEBER |- | Leuchtenberg || 1736-02-26 || Maria Margaretha || HILBURGER || Leuchtenberg || Legitimate || Georg Michael || HILBURGER || Barbara || SCHMIDL || |- | Moosbach || 1736-11-04 || Anna Margaretha || HILBURGER || Moosbach || Legitimate || Joseph || HILBURGER || Anna Maria || WILD || oo Georg Jacob MILLACH |- | Glaubendorf || 1737-01-15 || Maria || HILBURGER || Preppach || Legitimate || Johann Ernst || HILBURGER || Maria Magdalena || FORSTER || oo Johannes PAUSCH |- | Glaubendorf || 1737-02-27 || Maria Elisabeth || HILBURGER || Rattenberg || Illegitimate || Jacob || HILBURGER || Elisabeth || FLÄSSER || |- | Glaubendorf || 1737-04-11 || Erhard || HILBURGER || Glaubendorf || Legitimate || Jacob || HILBURGER || Maria || HOLZINGER || oo Barbara BAUER |- | Schirmitz || 1737-05-30 || Margaretha || HILBURGER || Schirmitz || Legitimate || Lorentz || HILBURGER || Catharina || CLAUSNER || Died young |- | Leuchtenberg || 1737-09-29 || Anna Walburga || HILBURGER || Leuchtenberg || Legitimate || Conrad || HILBURGER || Anna Margaretha || GRADL || |- | Luhe || 1737-12-04 || Anna Barbara || HILBURGER || Luhe || Legitimate || Michael || HILBURGER || Barbara || BIX || |- | Moosbach || 1738-03-22 || Johann Paul || HILBURGER || Moosbach || Legitimate || Joseph || HILBURGER || Anna Maria || WILD || |- | Glaubendorf || 1738-11-27 || Maria Elisabeth || HILBURGER || Rattenberg || Legitimate || Jacob || HILBURGER || Elisabeth || FLÄSSER || oo Georg MEISSNER |- | Roggenstein || 1738-12-27 || Anna Veronica || HILBURGER || Kaimling || Legitimate || Georg || HILBURGER || Veronica || HAGEN || Died young |- | Glaubendorf || 1739-01-07 || Maria || HILBURGER || Glaubendorf || Legitimate || Jacob || HILBURGER || Maria || HOLZINGER || |- | Leuchtenberg || 1739-03-08 || Anna Margaretha || HILBURGER || Leuchtenberg || Legitimate || Georg Michael || HILBURGER || Barbara || SCHMIDL || oo Johann Georg KRELLNER |- | Oberköblitz || 1739-03-13 || Anna Maria Eva || HILBURGER || Feistelberg || Legitimate || Jacob || HILBURGER || Margaretha || TROIDL || |- | Glaubendorf || 1739-04-25 || Johann Georg || HILBURGER || Preppach || Legitimate || Johann Ernst || HILBURGER || Maria Magdalena || FORSTER || ooI Maria Elisabeth MEISSNER ooII Maria Elisabeth MEISSNER ooIII Anna Maria KLEIN |- | Leuchtenberg || 1739-08-26 || Maria Margaretha || HILBURGER || Leuchtenberg || Legitimate || Conrad || HILBURGER || Anna Margaretha || GRADL || |- | Schirmitz || 1739-12-19 || Johannes || HILBURGER || Schirmitz || Legitimate || Veit || HILBURGER || Anna Elisabeth || LINDNER || oo Anna Barbara SOMMER |- | Schirmitz || 1739-12-19 || Johann Veit || HILBURGER || Schirmitz || Legitimate || Veit || HILBURGER || Anna Elisabeth || LINDNER || Died young |- | Moosbach || 1740-04-09 || Anna Maria || HILBURGER || Moosbach || Legitimate || Joseph || HILBURGER || Anna Maria || WILD || Died young |- | Glaubendorf || 1740-04-10 || Johann Georg || HILBURGER || Kötschdorf || Legitimate || Jacob || HILBURGER || Elisabeth || FLÄSSER || Died young |- | Roggenstein || 1740-11-13 || Christoph || HILBURGER || Kaimling || Legitimate || Georg || HILBURGER || Veronica || HAGEN || |- | Glaubendorf || 1741-03-10 || Johann Georg || HILBURGER || Preppach || Legitimate || Johann Ernst || HILBURGER || Maria Magdalena || FORSTER || |- | Luhe || 1741-04-11 || Anna Maria Franziska || HILBURGER || Luhe || Legitimate || Michael || HILBURGER || Barbara || BIX || |- | Glaubendorf || 1741-04-13 || Maria || HILBURGER || Glaubendorf || Legitimate || Jacob || HILBURGER || Maria || HOLZINGER || oo Johann Jacob SCHLOSSER |- | Leuchtenberg || 1741-05-06 || Johann Adam || HILBURGER || Leuchtenberg || Legitimate || Conrad || HILBURGER || Anna Margaretha || GRADL || |- | Neunkirchen b. Weiden || 1741-11-06 || Maria Catharina || HILBURGER || Frauenricht || Legitimate || Adam || HILBURGER || Anna Barbara || LANDGRAF || Died young |- | Moosbach || 1741-12-29 || Johann Matthias || HILBURGER || Moosbach || Legitimate || Joseph || HILBURGER || Anna Maria || WILD || |- | Miesbrunn || 1742-01-05 || Maria Margaretha || HILBURGER || Miesbrunn || Legitimate || Johann Adam || HILBURGER || Eva Rosina || HAAS || Died young |- | Schirmitz || 1742-03-03 || Susanna || HILBURGER || Pirk || Illegitimate || || || Eva || HILBURGER || Died young |- | Oberköblitz || 1742-04-27 || Johann Martin || HILBURGER || Feistelberg || Legitimate || Jacob || HILBURGER || Margaretha || TROIDL || oo Catharina OSTERREICHER |- | Glaubendorf || 1742-10-16 || Johannes || HILBURGER || Glaubendorf || Legitimate || Johannes || HILBURGER || Anna Barbara || KEINL || Died young |- | Glaubendorf || 1742-11-29 || Johann Georg || HILBURGER || Kötschdorf || Legitimate || Jacob || HILBURGER || Elisabeth || FLÄSSER || Died young |- | Neunkirchen b. Weiden || 1742-12-26 || Maria Catharina || HILBURGER || Frauenricht || Legitimate || Adam || HILBURGER || Anna Barbara || LANDGRAF || |- | Glaubendorf || 1743-03-07 || Anna Maria || HILBURGER || Rattenberg || Legitimate || Bartholomaeus || HILBURGER || Magdalena || HAMMER || |- | Leuchtenberg || 1743-07-25 || Johann Michael || HILBURGER || Leuchtenberg || Legitimate || Conrad || HILBURGER || Anna Margaretha || GRADL || oo Catharina REIL |- | Glaubendorf || 1743-10-19 || Johann Matthias || HILBURGER || Glaubendorf || Legitimate || Johannes || HILBURGER || Anna Barbara || KEINL || |- | Glaubendorf || 1743-10-24 || Johann Georg || HILBURGER || Preppach || Legitimate || Johann Ernst || HILBURGER || Maria Magdalena || FORSTER || |- | Glaubendorf || 1743-10-28 || Johann Georg || HILBURGER || Glaubendorf || Illegitimate || || || Catharina || HILBURGER || Died young |- | Roggenstein || 1743-11-10 || Veronica || HILBURGER || Kaimling || Legitimate || Georg || HILBURGER || Veronica || HAGEN || |- | Glaubendorf || 1744-02-13 || Maria Cunigunda || HILBURGER || Glaubendorf || Legitimate || Jacob || HILBURGER || Maria || HOLZINGER || oo Peter RAM |- | Glaubendorf || 1744-03-16 || Johann Georg || HILBURGER || Kötschdorf || Legitimate || Jacob || HILBURGER || Elisabeth || FLÄSSER || Died young |- | Tännesberg || 1744-03-17 || Georg Franz || HILBURGER || Tännesberg || Legitimate || Leonhard || HILBURGER || Maria Elisabeth || FAUBENMERCKL || Died young |- | Moosbach || 1744-09-20 || Anna Maria || HILBURGER || Moosbach || Legitimate || Joseph || HILBURGER || Anna Maria || WILD || |- | Glaubendorf || 1744-10-09 || Jacob || HILBURGER || Rattenberg || Legitimate || Bartholomaeus || HILBURGER || Magdalena || HAMMER || Died young |- | Schnaittenbach || 1744-12-13 || Johann Georg || HILBURGER || Unterschnaittenbach || Legitimate || Caspar || HILBURGER || Johanna || GOETZ || Died young |- | Miesbrunn || 1745-05-06 || Anna Margaretha || HILBURGER || Miesbrunn || Legitimate || Johann Adam || HILBURGER || Eva Rosina || HAAS || Died young |- | Tännesberg || 1745-05-24 || Johann Georg || HILBURGER || Tännesberg || Legitimate || Leonhard || HILBURGER || Maria Elisabeth || FAUBENMERCKL || Died young |- | Neunkirchen b. Weiden || 1745-10-10 || Johann Michael || HILBURGER || Frauenricht || Legitimate || Adam || HILBURGER || Anna Barbara || LANDGRAF || Died young |- | Leuchtenberg || 1745-10-21 || Maria Magdalena || HILBURGER || Leuchtenberg || Legitimate || Conrad || HILBURGER || Anna Margaretha || GRADL || |- | Glaubendorf || 1746-02-03 || Georg Matthias || HILBURGER || Kötschdorf || Legitimate || Jacob || HILBURGER || Elisabeth || FLÄSSER || |- | Schnaittenbach || 1746-02-18 || Anna Catharina || HILBURGER || Unterschnaittenbach || Legitimate || Caspar || HILBURGER || Johanna || GOETZ || |- | Tännesberg || 1746-07-07 || Anna Catharina || HILBURGER || Tännesberg || Legitimate || Leonhard || HILBURGER || Maria Elisabeth || FAUBENMERCKL || Died young |- | Glaubendorf || 1746-07-10 || Johann Georg || HILBURGER || Preppach || Legitimate || Johann Ernst || HILBURGER || Maria Magdalena || FORSTER || Died young |- | Glaubendorf || 1746-09-19 || Stephan || HILBURGER || Glaubendorf || Legitimate || Johannes || HILBURGER || Anna Barbara || KEINL || oo Elisabeth FRANZL |- | Neunkirchen b. Weiden || 1746-09-27 || Johann Michael || HILBURGER || Frauenricht || Legitimate || Adam || HILBURGER || Anna Barbara || LANDGRAF || oo Elisabeth ACKERMANN |- | Glaubendorf || 1746-10-13 || Maria Cunigunda || HILBURGER || Glaubendorf || Legitimate || Jacob || HILBURGER || Maria || HOLZINGER || |- | Luhe || 1747-09-17 || Maria Catharina || HILBURGER || Unterwildenau || Illegitimate || Georg Ulrich || LANG || Magdalena || HILBURGER || |- | Floss || 1747-11-17 || Johann Wolfgang || HILBURGER || Floss || Legitimate || Johann Wolfgang || HILBURGER || Anna Margaretha || GOELLER || Died young |- | Oberköblitz || 1747-11-22 || Anna Eva || HILBURGER || Feistelberg || Legitimate || Jacob || HILBURGER || Margaretha || TROIDL || |- | Glaubendorf || 1748-01-09 || Johannes || HILBURGER || Rattenberg || Legitimate || Bartholomaeus || HILBURGER || Magdalena || HAMMER || |- | Leuchtenberg || 1748-02-04 || Johannes || HILBURGER || Leuchtenberg || Legitimate || Conrad || HILBURGER || Anna Margaretha || GRADL || |- | Tännesberg || 1748-03-05 || Johann Evangelist || HILBURGER || Tännesberg || Legitimate || Leonhard || HILBURGER || Maria Elisabeth || FAUBENMERCKL || Died young |- | Neunkirchen b. Weiden || 1748-05-27 || Catharina Margaretha || HILBURGER || Moosbürg || Legitimate || Johann Wolfgang || HILBURGER || Anna Margaretha || BAUER || oo Georg Adam BAUER |- | Glaubendorf || 1748-06-13 || Maria Cecelia || HILBURGER || Preppach || Legitimate || Johann Ernst || HILBURGER || Maria Magdalena || FORSTER || oo Leonhard PAUSCH |- | Glaubendorf || 1749-02-19 || Stephan || HILBURGER || Glaubendorf || Legitimate || Johannes || HILBURGER || Anna Barbara || KEINL || |- | Glaubendorf || 1749-06-01 || Georg Adam || HILBURGER || Kötschdorf || Legitimate || Jacob || HILBURGER || Elisabeth || FLÄSSER || Died young |- | Tännesberg || 1749-06-11 || Johann Barnabus || HILBURGER || Tännesberg || Legitimate || Leonhard || HILBURGER || Maria Cunigunda || WEIDENAUER || Died young |- | Tännesberg || 1749-06-11 || Johann Georg || HILBURGER || Tännesberg || Legitimate || Leonhard || HILBURGER || Maria Cunigunda || WEIDENAUER || Died young |- | Neunkirchen b. Weiden || 1749-08-14 || Georg Michael || HILBURGER || Frauenricht || Legitimate || Adam || HILBURGER || Anna Barbara || LANDGRAF || |- | Neunkirchen b. Weiden || 1749-12-23 || Anna Maria || HILBURGER || Moosbürg || Legitimate || Johann Wolfgang || HILBURGER || Anna Margaretha || BAUER || Died young |- | Leuchtenberg || 1750-02-16 || Maria Margaretha || HILBURGER || Leuchtenberg || Legitimate || Conrad || HILBURGER || Anna Margaretha || GRADL || |- | Glaubendorf || 1750-12-13 || Johann Georg || HILBURGER || Kötschdorf || Legitimate || Jacob || HILBURGER || Elisabeth || FLÄSSER || |- | Tännesberg || 1751-01-04 || Anna Sabina || HILBURGER || Tännesberg || Legitimate || Leonhard || HILBURGER || Maria Cunigunda || WEIDENAUER || Died young |- | Neunkirchen b. Weiden || 1751-01-27 || Maria Margaretha || HILBURGER || Moosbürg || Legitimate || Johann Wolfgang || HILBURGER || Anna Margaretha || BAUER || oo Johann Michael HACKER |- | Schirmitz || 1751-10-10 || Anna Rosina || HILBURGER || Pirk || Legitimate || Johannes || HILBURGER || Margaretha || KOLLER || Died young |- | Leuchtenberg || 1751-10-31 || Maria Magdalena || HILBURGER || Leuchtenberg || Illegitimate || Johannes || HILBURGER || Margaretha || || |- | Glaubendorf || 1751-12-14 || Johannes || HILBURGER || Glaubendorf || Legitimate || Johannes || HILBURGER || Anna Barbara || KEINL || Died young |- | Neunkirchen b. Weiden || 1752-05-05 || Johann Michael || HILBURGER || Frauenricht || Legitimate || Adam || HILBURGER || Anna Barbara || LANDGRAF || oo Anna Margaretha PAUSCH |- | Tännesberg || 1752-08-23 || Maria Margaretha || HILBURGER || Tännesberg || Legitimate || Leonhard || HILBURGER || Maria Cunigunda || WEIDENAUER || Died young |- | Glaubendorf || 1753-02-02 || Johann Georg || HILBURGER || Kötschdorf || Legitimate || Jacob || HILBURGER || Elisabeth || FLÄSSER || Died young |- | Leuchtenberg || 1753-02-26 || Franz Anton || HILBURGER || Leuchtenberg || Legitimate || Conrad || HILBURGER || Anna Margaretha || GRADL || oo Maria Theresia SCHROGER |- | Neunkirchen b. Weiden || 1753-08-23 || Johann Adam || HILBURGER || Moosbürg || Legitimate || Johann Wolfgang || HILBURGER || Anna Margaretha || BAUER || oo Eva Margaretha ADAM |- | Glaubendorf || 1754-02-09 || Margaretha || HILBURGER || Glaubendorf || Legitimate || Johannes || HILBURGER || Anna Barbara || KEINL || |- | Schirmitz || 1754-05-23 || Margaretha Rosina || HILBURGER || Pirk || Legitimate || Johannes || HILBURGER || Margaretha || KOLLER || oo Johann Georg SCHWAB |- | Glaubendorf || 1754-06-20 || Johann Georg || HILBURGER || Kötschdorf || Legitimate || Jacob || HILBURGER || Elisabeth || FLÄSSER || oo Margaretha ROTHBALLER |- | Tännesberg || 1754-10-18 || Wilhelm || HILBURGER || Tännesberg || Legitimate || Leonhard || HILBURGER || Maria Cunigunda || WEIDENAUER || oo Barbara GROSSER |- | Neunkirchen b. Weiden || 1754-12-12 || Maria Catharina || HILBURGER || Frauenricht || Legitimate || Adam || HILBURGER || Anna Barbara || LANDGRAF || |- | Leuchtenberg || 1755-02-17 || Johann Georg Wolfgang || HILBURGER || Leuchtenberg || Legitimate || Conrad || HILBURGER || Anna Margaretha || GRADL || Died young |- | Schirmitz || 1756-12-24 || Johann Adam || HILBURGER || Pirk || Legitimate || Johannes || HILBURGER || Margaretha || KOLLER || Died young |- | Tännesberg || 1757-01-26 || Andreas || HILBURGER || Tännesberg || Legitimate || Leonhard || HILBURGER || Maria Cunigunda || WEIDENAUER || Died young |- | Schirmitz || 1757-05-31 || Maria Anna || HILBURGER || Pirk || Legitimate || Adam || HILBURGER || Anna Elisabeth || PAUSCH || Died young |- | Neunkirchen b. Weiden || 1757-11-10 || Veronica || HILBURGER || Moosbürg || Legitimate || Johann Wolfgang || HILBURGER || Anna Margaretha || BAUER || oo Johannes FIDLER |- | Glaubendorf || 1758-01-04 || Barbara || HILBURGER || Kötschdorf || Legitimate || Jacob || HILBURGER || Elisabeth || FLÄSSER || oo Jacob PAUL |- | Roggenstein || 1758-08-29 || Veit || HILBURGER || Roggenstein || Legitimate || Johannes || HILBURGER || Anna Margaretha || HORN || Died young |- | Schirmitz || 1758-11-05 || Susanna || HILBURGER || Pirk || Legitimate || Johannes || HILBURGER || Margaretha || KOLLER || |- | Schirmitz || 1759-10-26 || Elisabeth Margaretha || HILBURGER || Pirk || Legitimate || Adam || HILBURGER || Anna Elisabeth || PAUSCH || oo Michael KICK |- | Pleystein || 1759-10-31 || Johann Wolfgang || HILBURGER || Lohma || Legitimate || Johannes || HILBURGER || Anna Margaretha || KAPPL || Died young |- | Floss || 1760-02-02 || Johann Paul || HILBURGER || Floss || Legitimate || Johann Wolfgang || HILBURGER || Anna Maria || LINDNER || Died young |- | Floss || 1760-02-02 || Johann Georg || HILBURGER || Floss || Legitimate || Johann Wolfgang || HILBURGER || Anna Maria || LINDNER || Died young |- | Kemnath a. Buchberg || 1760-04-15 || Anna Barbara || HILBURGER || Kemnath || Legitimate || Rudolph || HILBURGER || Anna Maria || GROEL || |- | Neunkirchen b. Weiden || 1760-06-06 || Peter || HILBURGER || Moosbürg || Legitimate || Johann Wolfgang || HILBURGER || Anna Margaretha || BAUER || Died young |- | Neunkirchen b. Weiden || 1760-06-06 || Johann Peter || HILBURGER || Moosbürg || Legitimate || Johann Wolfgang || HILBURGER || Anna Margaretha || BAUER || Died young |- | Roggenstein || 1760-12-17 || Anna Maria || HILBURGER || Roggenstein || Legitimate || Johannes || HILBURGER || Anna Margaretha || HORN || oo Michael TROEGER |- | Neunkirchen b. Weiden || 1761-02-22 || Johann Georg || HILBURGER || Schirmitz || Legitimate || Johann Veit || HILBURGER || Anna Barbara || PAUSCH || Died young |- | Floss || 1761-03-22 || Wolfgang Franz || HILBURGER || Floss || Legitimate || Johann Wolfgang || HILBURGER || Anna Maria || LINDNER || |- | Neunkirchen b. Weiden || 1761-09-20 || Maria Margaretha || HILBURGER || Frauenricht || Legitimate || Adam || HILBURGER || Anna Barbara || LANDGRAF || |- | Neunkirchen b. Weiden || 1761-09-24 || Anna Maria || HILBURGER || Moosbürg || Legitimate || Johann Wolfgang || HILBURGER || Anna Margaretha || BAUER || |- | Leuchtenberg || 1761-09-29 || Maria Barbara || HILBURGER || Leuchtenberg || Legitimate || Johann Adam || HILBURGER || Anna Maria || SCHEIDL || |- | Schirmitz || 1761-10-20 || Susanna Catharina || HILBURGER || Pirk || Legitimate || Johannes || HILBURGER || Margaretha || KOLLER || oo Johann Adam SCHWAB |- | Glaubendorf || 1762-07-12 || Johannes || HILBURGER || Glaubendorf || Legitimate || Johannes || HILBURGER || Anna Barbara || KEINL || |- | Schirmitz || 1762-08-13 || Johann Michael || HILBURGER || Pirk || Legitimate || Adam || HILBURGER || Anna Elisabeth || PAUSCH || Died young |- | Floss || 1763-05-22 || Anna Catharina || HILBURGER || Floss || Legitimate || Johann Wolfgang || HILBURGER || Anna Maria || LINDNER || |- | Neunkirchen b. Weiden || 1763-07-31 || Johann Adam || HILBURGER || Frauenricht || Legitimate || Johann Veit || HILBURGER || Anna Barbara || PAUSCH || |- | Pleystein || 1763-10-16 || Johann Georg || HILBURGER || Lohma || Legitimate || Johannes || HILBURGER || Anna Margaretha || KAPPL || oo Catharina BOEHM |- | Schirmitz || 1763-10-19 || Maria Anna || HILBURGER || Pirk || Legitimate || Adam || HILBURGER || Anna Elisabeth || PAUSCH || oo Johannes KICK |- | Schirmitz || 1764-03-30 || Johannes || HILBURGER || Pirk || Legitimate || Johannes || HILBURGER || Margaretha || KOLLER || oo Catharina LINDNER |- | Leuchtenberg || 1764-07-15 || Franz Anton || HILBURGER || Leuchtenberg || Illegitimate || Adam || KOLLER || Anna Walburga || HILBURGER || |- | Neunkirchen b. Weiden || 1764-09-29 || Anna Maria || HILBURGER || Moosbürg || Legitimate || Johann Wolfgang || HILBURGER || Anna Margaretha || BAUER || ooI Matthias ERMER ooII Matthias MELCHNER |- | Schirmitz || 1764-11-19 || Johannes || HILBURGER || Schirmitz || Legitimate || Johannes || HILBURGER || Anna Barbara || SOMMER || Died young |- | Floss || 1765-03-01 || Anna Margaretha || HILBURGER || Floss || Legitimate || Johann Wolfgang || HILBURGER || Anna Maria || LINDNER || |- | Leuchtenberg || 1765-03-19 || Anna Barbara || HILBURGER || Leuchtenberg || Legitimate || Johann Adam || HILBURGER || Anna Maria || SCHEIDL || |- | Miesbrunn || 1765-08-17 || Johann Michael || HILBURGER || Miesbrunn || Legitimate || Johann Georg || HILBURGER || Maria Anna || HUEBER || oo Catharina KNOR |- | Schnaittenbach || 1765-09-17 || Magdalena || HILBURGER || Schnaittenbach || Legitimate || Urban || HILBURGER || Magdalena || WEIGL || |- | Neunkirchen b. Weiden || 1766-02-21 || Johann Adam || HILBURGER || Frauenricht || Legitimate || Johann Veit || HILBURGER || Anna Barbara || PAUSCH || |- | Leuchtenberg || 1766-08-23 || Johann Paul || HILBURGER || Leuchtenberg || Illegitimate || Adam || KOLLER || Anna Walburga || HILBURGER || |- | Schirmitz || 1767-02-20 || Maria Margaretha || HILBURGER || Schirmitz || Legitimate || Johannes || HILBURGER || Anna Barbara || SOMMER || oo Benedict ERMER |- | Schirmitz || 1767-08-01 || Johannes || HILBURGER || Pirk || Legitimate || Johannes || HILBURGER || Margaretha || KOLLER || Died young |- | Neunkirchen b. Weiden || 1768-03-29 || Georg Adam || HILBURGER || Frauenricht || Legitimate || Johann Veit || HILBURGER || Anna Barbara || PAUSCH || Died young |- | Floss || 1768-05-21 || Anna Margaretha || HILBURGER || Floss || Legitimate || Johann Wolfgang || HILBURGER || Anna Maria || LINDNER || Died young |- | Leuchtenberg || 1768-06-24 || Georg Johann || HILBURGER || Leuchtenberg || Legitimate || Johann Adam || HILBURGER || Anna Maria || SCHEIDL || |- | Schirmitz || 1768-11-03 || Anna Margaretha || HILBURGER || Schirmitz || Legitimate || Johannes || HILBURGER || Anna Barbara || SOMMER || oo Georg Michael STRIGL |- | Schirmitz || 1769-05-26 || Susanna || HILBURGER || Pirk || Legitimate || Johannes || HILBURGER || Margaretha || KOLLER || Died young |- | Schirmitz || 1769-11-28 || Georg Michael || HILBURGER || Pirk || Legitimate || Adam || HILBURGER || Anna Elisabeth || PAUSCH || Died young |- | Floss || 1770-06-06 || Anna Margaretha || HILBURGER || Floss || Legitimate || Johann Wolfgang || HILBURGER || Anna Maria || LINDNER || Died young |- | Neunkirchen b. Weiden || 1770-06-17 || Maria Sibilla || HILBURGER || Hütten || Legitimate || Christoph || HILBURGER || Cunigunda Apollonia || WEISS || Died young |- | Miesbrunn || 1770-08-28 || Maria Anna || HILBURGER || Miesbrunn || Legitimate || Johann Georg || HILBURGER || Maria Anna || HUEBER || Died young |- | Schirmitz || 1771-04-19 || Johann Michael || HILBURGER || Schirmitz || Legitimate || Johannes || HILBURGER || Anna Barbara || SOMMER || Died young |- | Luhe || 1771-05-20 || Maria Barbara || HILBURGER || Leuchtenberg || Legitimate || Johann Adam || HILBURGER || Anna Maria || SCHEIDL || |- | Floss || 1772-02-19 || Adam || HILBURGER || Floss || Legitimate || Johann Wolfgang || HILBURGER || Catharina Margaretha || LINDNER || Died young |- | Oberköblitz || 1772-03-17 || Andreas || HILBURGER || Feistelberg || Legitimate || Johann Martin || HILBURGER || Catharina || OSTERREICHER || oo Anna Catharina KRUEG |- | Schirmitz || 1772-07-03 || Johannes || HILBURGER || Schirmitz || Legitimate || Johannes || HILBURGER || Anna Barbara || SOMMER || Died young |- | Floss || 1773-02-17 || Eva Margaretha || HILBURGER || Floss || Legitimate || Johann Wolfgang || HILBURGER || Catharina Margaretha || LINDNER || |- | Glaubendorf || 1773-05-31 || Maria Magdalena || HILBURGER || Rattenberg || Legitimate || Johann Bartholomaeus || HILBURGER || Maria || GOESL || |- | Leuchtenberg || 1773-10-10 || Maria Barbara || HILBURGER || Leuchtenberg || Legitimate || Johann Adam || HILBURGER || Anna Maria || SCHEIDL || oo Johannes GOETZ |- | Leuchtenberg || 1774-01-05 || Georg Felix || HILBURGER || Leuchtenberg || Legitimate || Johann Michael || HILBURGER || Catharina || REIL || oo Elisabeth VOITH |- | Moosbach || 1774-03-25 || Maria Barbara || HILBURGER || Moosbach || Legitimate || Joseph || HILBURGER || Anna Maria Magdalena || KOLL || |- | Schirmitz || 1774-05-26 || Anna Barbara || HILBURGER || Schirmitz || Legitimate || Johannes || HILBURGER || Anna Barbara || SOMMER || Died young |- | Schirmitz || 1774-06-14 || Margaretha || HILBURGER || Pischeldorf || Legitimate || Georg || HILBURGER || Margaretha || WALDHIER || |- | Floss || 1775-03-11 || Johann Adam || HILBURGER || Floss || Legitimate || Johann Wolfgang || HILBURGER || Catharina Margaretha || LINDNER || oo Anna Maria WOLFRAM |- | Leuchtenberg || 1775-07-25 || Jacob Felix || HILBURGER || Leuchtenberg || Legitimate || Johann Michael || HILBURGER || Catharina || REIL || Died young |- | Glaubendorf || 1775-08-23 || Maria Magdalena || HILBURGER || Rattenberg || Legitimate || Johann Bartholomaeus || HILBURGER || Maria || GOESL || |- | Schirmitz || 1776-08-10 || Martin || HILBURGER || Pischeldorf || Legitimate || Georg || HILBURGER || Margaretha || WALDHIER || |- | Leuchtenberg || 1776-10-24 || Maria Magdalena || HILBURGER || Leuchtenberg || Legitimate || Johann Michael || HILBURGER || Catharina || REIL || Died young |- | Schirmitz || 1777-04-13 || Johann Joseph || HILBURGER || Schirmitz || Legitimate || Johannes || HILBURGER || Anna Barbara || SOMMER || oo Anna Maria WALDHIER |- | Glaubendorf || 1777-05-03 || Maria Cunigunda || HILBURGER || Glaubendorf || Legitimate || Stephan || HILBURGER || Elisabeth || FRANZL || Died young |- | Leuchtenberg || 1777-06-22 || Johannes || HILBURGER || Leuchtenberg || Legitimate || Johann Adam || HILBURGER || Anna Maria || SCHEIDL || |- | Glaubendorf || 1777-07-21 || Johann Leonhard || HILBURGER || Preppach || Illegitimate || Leonhard || SCHLOSSER || Maria Cecelia || HILBURGER || Died young |- | Leuchtenberg || 1777-11-10 || Felix || HILBURGER || Leuchtenberg || Legitimate || Johann Michael || HILBURGER || Catharina || REIL || Died young |- | Glaubendorf || 1777-12-01 || Johannes || HILBURGER || Rattenberg || Legitimate || Johann Bartholomaeus || HILBURGER || Maria || GOESL || |- | Floss || 1778-01-07 || Johann Wolfgang || HILBURGER || Floss || Legitimate || Johann Wolfgang || HILBURGER || Catharina Margaretha || LINDNER || |- | Glaubendorf || 1778-04-14 || Johann Michael || HILBURGER || Glaubendorf || Legitimate || Stephan || HILBURGER || Elisabeth || FRANZL || ooI Susanna MEISSNER ooII Catharina FRISCHHOLZ |- | Glaubendorf || 1779-02-05 || Anna Margaretha || HILBURGER || Preppach || Illegitimate || Leonhard || SCHLOSSER || Maria Cecelia || HILBURGER || |- | Leuchtenberg || 1779-04-18 || Matthias || HILBURGER || Leuchtenberg || Legitimate || Johann Adam || HILBURGER || Anna Maria || SCHEIDL || |- | Leuchtenberg || 1779-07-07 || Johann Felix || HILBURGER || Leuchtenberg || Legitimate || Johann Michael || HILBURGER || Catharina || REIL || Died young |- | Schirmitz || 1779-08-28 || Johann Michael || HILBURGER || Schirmitz || Legitimate || Johannes || HILBURGER || Anna Barbara || SOMMER || oo Barbara KICK |- | Floss || 1780-08-20 || Margaretha || HILBURGER || Floss || Legitimate || Johann Wolfgang || HILBURGER || Catharina Margaretha || LINDNER || |- | Glaubendorf || 1780-08-25 || Johann Wolfgang || HILBURGER || Rattenberg || Legitimate || Johann Bartholomaeus || HILBURGER || Maria || GOESL || oo Elisabeth GRUBER |- | Leuchtenberg || 1780-09-18 || Felix || HILBURGER || Leuchtenberg || Legitimate || Johann Michael || HILBURGER || Catharina || REIL || oo Sophia KRAUS |- | Glaubendorf || 1780-10-29 || Maria Susanna || HILBURGER || Glaubendorf || Legitimate || Stephan || HILBURGER || Elisabeth || FRANZL || |- | Püchersreuth || 1780-11-14 || Johann Wolfgang || HILBURGER || Bergnetsreuth || Legitimate || Johann Michael || HILBURGER || Elisabeth || ACKERMANN || |- | Püchersreuth || 1780-11-14 || Maria Margaretha || HILBURGER || Bergnetsreuth || Legitimate || Johann Michael || HILBURGER || Elisabeth || ACKERMANN || |- | Püchersreuth || 1780-11-14 || Johann Wolfgang || HILBURGER || Bergnetsreuth || Legitimate || Johann Michael || HILBURGER || Elisabeth || ACKERMANN || |- | Püchersreuth || 1780-11-14 || Maria Margaretha || HILBURGER || Bergnetsreuth || Legitimate || Johann Michael || HILBURGER || Elisabeth || ACKERMANN || |- | Schirmitz || 1781-02-28 || Walburga || HILBURGER || Pischeldorf || Legitimate || Georg || HILBURGER || Margaretha || WALDHIER || oo Johannes PAULUS |- | Tännesberg || 1781-08-07 || Augustin || HILBURGER || Tännesberg || Legitimate || Wilhelm || HILBURGER || Barbara || GROSSER || |- | Schirmitz || 1781-10-12 || Johannes || HILBURGER || Schirmitz || Legitimate || Johannes || HILBURGER || Anna Barbara || SOMMER || oo Walburga KICK |- | Floss || 1781-11-01 || Anna Margaretha || HILBURGER || Floss || Legitimate || Johann Wolfgang || HILBURGER || Catharina Margaretha || LINDNER || oo Wolfgang BERGLER |- | Leuchtenberg || 1782-08-03 || Maria Magdalena || HILBURGER || Leuchtenberg || Legitimate || Andreas || HILBURGER || Anna Margaretha || SCHEUERL || |- | Leuchtenberg || 1782-11-19 || Johann Felix || HILBURGER || Leuchtenberg || Legitimate || Johann Michael || HILBURGER || Catharina || REIL || oo Rosina GOETZ |- | Tännesberg || 1783-09-17 || Johann Nepomucenus || HILBURGER || Tännesberg || Legitimate || Wilhelm || HILBURGER || Barbara || GROSSER || oo Anna BURGER |- | Neunkirchen b. Weiden || 1784-01-08 || Anna Barbara || HILBURGER || Frauenricht || Illegitimate || Johann Michael || HILBURGER || Catharina || KICK || Died young |- | Leuchtenberg || 1784-08-08 || Maria Magdalena || HILBURGER || Leuchtenberg || Legitimate || Johann Michael || HILBURGER || Catharina || REIL || oo Alexander DÖRFLER |- | Püchersreuth || 1784-10-25 || Magdalena Barbara || HILBURGER || Bergnetsreuth || Legitimate || Johann Michael || HILBURGER || Elisabeth || ACKERMANN || Died young |- | Püchersreuth || 1784-10-25 || Magdalena Barbara || HILBURGER || Bergnetsreuth || Legitimate || Johann Michael || HILBURGER || Elisabeth || ACKERMANN || |- | Tännesberg || 1786-01-06 || Anna Catharina || HILBURGER || Tännesberg || Legitimate || Wilhelm || HILBURGER || Barbara || GROSSER || |- | Glaubendorf || 1786-04-17 || Michael || HILBURGER || Glaubendorf || Legitimate || Stephan || HILBURGER || Elisabeth || FRANZL || |- | Schwandorf || 1786-04-29 || Johann Jacob || HILBURGER || Schwandorf || Legitimate || Franz Anton || HILBURGER || Maria Theresia || SCHROGER || |- | Glaubendorf || 1786-06-06 || Maria Walburga || HILBURGER || Preppach || Legitimate || Johann Georg || HILBURGER || Maria Elisabeth || MEISSNER || Died young |- | Neunkirchen b. Weiden || 1786-06-25 || Sebastian || HILBURGER || Frauenricht || Illegitimate || Johann Michael || HILBURGER || Margaretha || WITTMANN || |- | Leuchtenberg || 1786-08-22 || Magdalena Martha || HILBURGER || Leuchtenberg || Legitimate || Johann Michael || HILBURGER || Catharina || REIL || Died young |- | Glaubendorf || 1787-09-03 || Maria Anna || HILBURGER || Preppach || Legitimate || Johann Georg || HILBURGER || Maria Elisabeth || MEISSNER || Died young |- | Floss || 1787-11-05 || Georg Bartholomaeus || HILBURGER || Floss || Legitimate || Johann Wolfgang || HILBURGER || Catharina Margaretha || LINDNER || oo Catharina STAUFER |- | Glaubendorf || 1788-01-16 || Johann Michael || HILBURGER || Kötschdorf || Legitimate || Johann Georg || HILBURGER || Margaretha || ROTHBALLER || |- | Neunkirchen b. Weiden || 1788-02-19 || Magdalena || HILBURGER || Frauenricht || Legitimate || Johann Michael || HILBURGER || Anna Margaretha || PAUSCH || |- | Tännesberg || 1788-07-07 || Maximilian Joseph || HILBURGER || Tännesberg || Legitimate || Wilhelm || HILBURGER || Barbara || GROSSER || |- | Glaubendorf || 1788-08-06 || Maria Walburga || HILBURGER || Preppach || Legitimate || Johann Georg || HILBURGER || Maria Elisabeth || MEISSNER || Died young |- | Leuchtenberg || 1788-10-14 || Eleanora || HILBURGER || Leuchtenberg || Legitimate || Johann Michael || HILBURGER || Catharina || REIL || oo Matthias SEYBERT |- | Glaubendorf || 1789-06-12 || Catharina || HILBURGER || Kötschdorf || Legitimate || Johann Georg || HILBURGER || Margaretha || ROTHBALLER || Died young |- | Neunkirchen b. Weiden || 1789-07-06 || Maria Margaretha || HILBURGER || Frauenricht || Legitimate || Johann Michael || HILBURGER || Anna Margaretha || PAUSCH || Died young |- | Glaubendorf || 1790-01-15 || Anna Maria Walburga || HILBURGER || Preppach || Legitimate || Johann Georg || HILBURGER || Maria Elisabeth || MEISSNER || oo Andreas BODENSTEINER |- | Glaubendorf || 1790-08-17 || Johann Baptist || HILBURGER || Kötschdorf || Legitimate || Johann Georg || HILBURGER || Margaretha || ROTHBALLER || Died young |- | Pleystein || 1790-11-26 || Jacob || HILBURGER || Lohma || Legitimate || Johann Georg || HILBURGER || Catharina || BOEHM || |- | Glaubendorf || 1791-01-11 || Johann Christoph || HILBURGER || Preppach || Legitimate || Johann Georg || HILBURGER || Maria Elisabeth || MEISSNER || Died young |- | Glaubendorf || 1791-01-11 || Georg Christoph || HILBURGER || Preppach || Legitimate || Johann Georg || HILBURGER || Maria Elisabeth || MEISSNER || Died young |- | Tännesberg || 1791-04-29 || Baby || HILBURGER || Tännesberg || Legitimate || Wilhelm || HILBURGER || Barbara || GROSSER || Died young |- | Glaubendorf || 1792-04-11 || Christoph || HILBURGER || Preppach || Legitimate || Johann Georg || HILBURGER || Maria Elisabeth || MEISSNER || Died young |- | Neunkirchen b. Weiden || 1792-06-25 || Apollonia || HILBURGER || Frauenricht || Legitimate || Johann Michael || HILBURGER || Anna Margaretha || PAUSCH || |- | Glaubendorf || 1792-08-15 || Catharina || HILBURGER || Kötschdorf || Legitimate || Johann Georg || HILBURGER || Margaretha || ROTHBALLER || Died young |- | Pleystein || 1792-09-06 || Maria Ursula || HILBURGER || Lohma || Legitimate || Johann Georg || HILBURGER || Catharina || BOEHM || |- | Tännesberg || 1792-09-24 || Matthias || HILBURGER || Tännesberg || Legitimate || Wilhelm || HILBURGER || Barbara || GROSSER || oo Catharina FRAUNDORFER |- | Neunkirchen b. Weiden || 1793-09-12 || Maria Magdalena || HILBURGER || Mantl || Illegitimate || Thomas || HILBURGER || Barbara || HAHN || |- | Miesbrunn || 1793-09-16 || Georg Andreas || HILBURGER || Miesbrunn || Legitimate || Johann Michael || HILBURGER || Catharina || KNOR || Died young |- | Neunkirchen b. Weiden || 1793-09-29 || Anna Margaretha || HILBURGER || Moosbürg || Legitimate || Johann Adam || HILBURGER || Eva Margaretha || ADAM || Died young |- | Glaubendorf || 1794-01-15 || Johann Baptist || HILBURGER || Kötschdorf || Legitimate || Johann Georg || HILBURGER || Margaretha || ROTHBALLER || Died young |- | Neunkirchen b. Weiden || 1794-11-20 || Catharina Margaretha || HILBURGER || Frauenricht || Legitimate || Johann Michael || HILBURGER || Anna Margaretha || PAUSCH || Died young |- | Pleystein || 1794-11-28 || Georg Joseph || HILBURGER || Lohma || Legitimate || Johann Georg || HILBURGER || Catharina || BOEHM || Died young |- | Tännesberg || 1795-04-06 || Georg Matthias || HILBURGER || Tännesberg || Legitimate || Wilhelm || HILBURGER || Barbara || GROSSER || |- | Glaubendorf || 1795-11-11 || Catharina || HILBURGER || Kötschdorf || Legitimate || Johann Georg || HILBURGER || Margaretha || ROTHBALLER || oo Adam MELLER |- | Neunkirchen b. Weiden || 1796-01-07 || Philipp Johann || HILBURGER || Moosbürg || Legitimate || Johann Adam || HILBURGER || Eva Margaretha || ADAM || Died young |- | Miesbrunn || 1796-10-06 || Anna Christina || HILBURGER || Miesbrunn || Legitimate || Johann Michael || HILBURGER || Catharina || KNOR || ooI Michael NAUMER ooII Jacob STRIGL |- | Pleystein || 1796-10-31 || Maria Anna || HILBURGER || Lohma || Legitimate || Johann Georg || HILBURGER || Catharina || BOEHM || oo Jacob BAIER |- | Neunkirchen b. Weiden || 1797-01-30 || Anna Margaretha || HILBURGER || Frauenricht || Legitimate || Johann Michael || HILBURGER || Anna Margaretha || PAUSCH || |- | Tännesberg || 1797-03-19 || Adam Joseph || HILBURGER || Tännesberg || Legitimate || Wilhelm || HILBURGER || Barbara || GROSSER || Died young |- | Neunkirchen b. Weiden || 1797-03-20 || Johann Georg || HILBURGER || Moosbürg || Legitimate || Johann Adam || HILBURGER || Eva Margaretha || ADAM || Died young |- | Oberköblitz || 1797-09-21 || Anna Catharina || HILBURGER || Feistelberg || Legitimate || Andreas || HILBURGER || Anna Catharina || KRUEG || oo Johannes BAUMANN |- | Tännesberg || 1798-05-13 || Adam || HILBURGER || Tännesberg || Legitimate || Wilhelm || HILBURGER || Barbara || GROSSER || |- | Leuchtenberg || 1799-03-26 || Catharina || HILBURGER || Leuchtenberg || Illegitimate || Felix || HILBURGER || Margaretha || RAST || |- | Pleystein || 1799-09-21 || Christoph || HILBURGER || Lohma || Legitimate || Johann Georg || HILBURGER || Catharina || BOEHM || Died young |- | Glaubendorf || 1800-01-27 || Johann Baptist || HILBURGER || Kötschdorf || Legitimate || Johann Georg || HILBURGER || Margaretha || ROTHBALLER || ooI Maria Anna PAULUS ooII Barbara LANDGRAF |- | Oberköblitz || 1800-08-14 || Georg Wolfgang || HILBURGER || Feistelberg || Legitimate || Andreas || HILBURGER || Anna Catharina || KRUEG || Died young |- | Pleystein || 1800-12-04 || Georg Adam || HILBURGER || Lohma || Legitimate || Johann Georg || HILBURGER || Catharina || BOEHM || |- | Schirmitz || 1801-04-06 || Maria Barbara || HILBURGER || Pirk || Legitimate || Johannes || HILBURGER || Catharina || LINDNER || Died young |- | Neunkirchen b. Weiden || 1801-07-02 || Maria Anna || HILBURGER || Frauenricht || Legitimate || Johann Michael || HILBURGER || Anna Margaretha || PAUSCH || Died young |- | Schirmitz || 1801-08-24 || Johann Michael || HILBURGER || Schirmitz || Illegitimate || Johann Joseph || HILBURGER || Maria Magdalena || KOLLER || Died young |- | Oberköblitz || 1801-10-03 || Johann Wolfgang || HILBURGER || Feistelberg || Legitimate || Andreas || HILBURGER || Anna Catharina || KRUEG || Died young |- | Michldorf || 1801-11-02 || Anna Margaretha Barbara || HILBURGER || Irchenrieth || Legitimate || Johann Adam || HILBURGER || Eva Margaretha || ADAM || |- | Glaubendorf || 1802-03-21 || Johann Baptist || HILBURGER || Kötschdorf || Legitimate || Johann Georg || HILBURGER || Margaretha || ROTHBALLER || oo Margaretha GRUBER |- | Pleystein || 1803-01-20 || Adam || HILBURGER || Lohma || Legitimate || Johann Georg || HILBURGER || Catharina || BOEHM || |- | Böhmischbruck || 1803-02-08 || Matthias || HILBURGER || Böhmischbruck || Legitimate || Georg Felix || HILBURGER || Elisabeth || VOITH || |- | Oberköblitz || 1803-03-31 || Maria Susanna || HILBURGER || Feistelberg || Legitimate || Andreas || HILBURGER || Anna Catharina || KRUEG || |- | Schirmitz || 1803-05-30 || Georg Andreas || HILBURGER || Pirk || Legitimate || Johannes || HILBURGER || Catharina || LINDNER || Died young |- | Glaubendorf || 1803-08-17 || Maria Catharina || HILBURGER || Kötschdorf || Legitimate || Johann Georg || HILBURGER || Margaretha || ROTHBALLER || |- | Pleystein || 1804-01-20 || Anna Margaretha || HILBURGER || Lohma || Legitimate || Johann Georg || HILBURGER || Catharina || BOEHM || oo Johann Baptist SUSS |- | Glaubendorf || 1804-07-12 || Georg Paul || HILBURGER || Preppach || Legitimate || Johann Georg || HILBURGER || Anna Maria || KLEIN || oo Maria Catharina BETZ |- | Böhmischbruck || 1804-12-21 || Thomas || HILBURGER || Böhmischbruck || Legitimate || Georg Felix || HILBURGER || Elisabeth || VOITH || oo Maria Theresia WILLAX |- | Schirmitz || 1806-01-05 || Georg Andreas || HILBURGER || Pirk || Legitimate || Johannes || HILBURGER || Catharina || LINDNER || |- | Schirmitz || 1806-01-09 || Maria Margaretha || HILBURGER || Schirmitz || Legitimate || Johannes || HILBURGER || Walburga || KICK || oo Georg SCHWAB |- | Leuchtenberg || 1806-11-11 || Simon || HILBURGER || Leuchtenberg || Legitimate || Felix || HILBURGER || Sophia || KRAUS || Died young |- | Böhmischbruck || 1807-03-02 || Elisabeth Barbara || HILBURGER || Böhmischbruck || Legitimate || Georg Felix || HILBURGER || Elisabeth || VOITH || |- | Schirmitz || 1807-05-15 || Barbara || HILBURGER || Schirmitz || Illegitimate || Johann Michael || HILBURGER || Barbara || KICK || oo Michael MELCHNER |- | Glaubendorf || 1807-09-03 || Johann Baptist || HILBURGER || Rattenberg || Legitimate || Johann Wolfgang || HILBURGER || Elisabeth || GRUBER || Died young |- | Pleystein || 1807-09-12 || Maria Franziska || HILBURGER || Lohma || Legitimate || Johann Georg || HILBURGER || Catharina || BOEHM || |- | Schirmitz || 1807-09-27 || Georg Stephan || HILBURGER || Schirmitz || Legitimate || Johannes || HILBURGER || Walburga || KICK || ooI Maria WITTMANN ooII Eva Margaretha BODENSTEINER |- | Leuchtenberg || 1808-08-04 || Simon || HILBURGER || Leuchtenberg || Legitimate || Felix || HILBURGER || Sophia || KRAUS || ooI Margaretha SCHREIBER ooII Margaretha BETZ |- | Floss || 1808-11-04 || Anna Maria Carolina || HILBURGER || Floss || Illegitimate || Georg Bartholomaeus || HILBURGER || Anna Catharina || STAUFER || oo Franz Joseph BAUMLER |- | Schirmitz || 1809-01-17 || Georg Andreas || HILBURGER || Pirk || Legitimate || Johannes || HILBURGER || Catharina || LINDNER || Died young |- | Schirmitz || 1809-01-17 || Maria Barbara || HILBURGER || Pirk || Legitimate || Johannes || HILBURGER || Catharina || LINDNER || Died young |- | Pleystein || 1809-03-06 || Lorentz || HILBURGER || Pleystein || Legitimate || Wolfgang || HILBURGER || Catharina || PREM || |- | Böhmischbruck || 1809-03-30 || Elisabeth Margaretha || HILBURGER || Böhmischbruck || Legitimate || Georg Felix || HILBURGER || Elisabeth || VOITH || oo Stephan BEIMLER |- | Glaubendorf || 1809-09-25 || Anna Sibilla || HILBURGER || Rattenberg || Legitimate || Johann Wolfgang || HILBURGER || Elisabeth || GRUBER || Died young |- | Schirmitz || 1810-03-16 || Maria Margaretha || HILBURGER || Schirmitz || Legitimate || Johannes || HILBURGER || Walburga || KICK || ooI Andreas WINTER ooI Leonhard HÄGLER |- | Böhmischbruck || 1811-01-13 || Baby || HILBURGER || Böhmischbruck || Legitimate || Georg Felix || HILBURGER || Elisabeth || VOITH || Died young |- | Glaubendorf || 1811-01-25 || Anna Margaretha || HILBURGER || Rattenberg || Legitimate || Johann Wolfgang || HILBURGER || Elisabeth || GRUBER || |- | Schirmitz || 1811-02-17 || Johann Michael || HILBURGER || Pirk || Legitimate || Johannes || HILBURGER || Catharina || LINDNER || oo Anna Maria FISCHER |- | Leuchtenberg || 1811-03-01 || Michael || HILBURGER || Leuchtenberg || Legitimate || Felix || HILBURGER || Sophia || KRAUS || Immigrated to North America (Cincinnati, OH) |- | Floss || 1811-10-22 || Maria Franziska || HILBURGER || Floss || Illegitimate || Georg Bartholomaeus || HILBURGER || Anna Catharina || STAUFER || oo Georg KNEIDL |- | Floss || 1812-03-30 || Johann Martin || HILBURGER || Floss || Legitimate || Johann Adam || HILBURGER || Anna Maria || WOLFRAM || oo Anna Maria GRIEB |- | Böhmischbruck || 1812-04-01 || Matthias || HILBURGER || Böhmischbruck || Legitimate || Georg Felix || HILBURGER || Elisabeth || VOITH || Died young |- | Schirmitz || 1812-05-30 || Georg Bartholomaeus || HILBURGER || Schirmitz || Legitimate || Johannes || HILBURGER || Walburga || KICK || |- | Böhmischbruck || 1813-05-11 || Maria Anna || HILBURGER || Böhmischbruck || Legitimate || Georg Felix || HILBURGER || Elisabeth || VOITH || oo Conrad GRIESMAN |- | Glaubendorf || 1813-10-05 || Maria Anna || HILBURGER || Rattenberg || Legitimate || Johann Wolfgang || HILBURGER || Elisabeth || GRUBER || Died young |- | Schirmitz || 1813-11-07 || Johann Michael || HILBURGER || Pirk || Legitimate || Johannes || HILBURGER || Catharina || LINDNER || Died young |- | Leuchtenberg || 1814-03-18 || Georg || HILBURGER || Leuchtenberg || Legitimate || Felix || HILBURGER || Sophia || KRAUS || ooI Franziska GRESSER ooII Barbara ZIMMERMANN |- | Pleystein || 1814-07-20 || Sibilla || HILBURGER || Lohma || Illegitimate || Franz || KRAEMER || Maria Ursula || HILBURGER || |- | Schirmitz || 1814-07-30 || Johann Bartholomaeus || HILBURGER || Schirmitz || Legitimate || Johannes || HILBURGER || Walburga || KICK || Died young |- | Glaubendorf || 1814-09-25 || Georg Peter || HILBURGER || Rattenberg || Legitimate || Johann Wolfgang || HILBURGER || Elisabeth || GRUBER || Died young |- | Floss || 1814-11-19 || Johann Adam || HILBURGER || Floss || Legitimate || Georg Bartholomaeus || HILBURGER || Anna Catharina || STAUFER || oo Sophia LINDNER |- | Schirmitz || 1815-03-25 || Margaretha || HILBURGER || Schirmitz || Illegitimate || Johann Joseph || HILBURGER || Maria Magdalena || KOLLER || Died young |- | Glaubendorf || 1815-10-22 || Georg Peter || HILBURGER || Rattenberg || Legitimate || Johann Wolfgang || HILBURGER || Elisabeth || GRUBER || oo Elisabeth GOETZ |- | Glaubendorf || 1815-11-18 || Catharina || HILBURGER || Glaubendorf || Legitimate || Johann Michael || HILBURGER || Susanna || MEISSNER || |- | Roggenstein || 1816-02-01 || Matthias || HILBURGER || Kaimling || Legitimate || Johann Joseph || HILBURGER || Anna Maria || WALDHIER || Died young |- | Schirmitz || 1816-03-14 || Maria Barbara || HILBURGER || Pirk || Legitimate || Johannes || HILBURGER || Catharina || LINDNER || |- | Leuchtenberg || 1816-10-16 || Margaretha || HILBURGER || Leuchtenberg || Legitimate || Felix || HILBURGER || Sophia || KRAUS || oo Franz USCHOLD |- | Schirmitz || 1816-11-01 || Wolfgang Bartholomaeus || HILBURGER || Schirmitz || Legitimate || Johannes || HILBURGER || Walburga || KICK || |- | Pleystein || 1817-01-17 || Johann Adam || HILBURGER || Lohma || Illegitimate || Franz || KRAEMER || Maria Ursula || HILBURGER || |- | Floss || 1817-09-29 || Georg Michael || HILBURGER || Floss || Legitimate || Georg Bartholomaeus || HILBURGER || Anna Catharina || STAUFER || oo Rosina STRIGL |- | Schirmitz || 1818-01-07 || Johann Adam || HILBURGER || Schirmitz || Legitimate || Johann Michael || HILBURGER || Barbara || KICK || Died young |- | Glaubendorf || 1818-10-04 || Anna Maria || HILBURGER || Rattenberg || Legitimate || Johann Wolfgang || HILBURGER || Elisabeth || GRUBER || |- | Schirmitz || 1819-02-03 || Johann Georg || HILBURGER || Pirk || Legitimate || Johannes || HILBURGER || Catharina || LINDNER || |- | Schirmitz || 1819-05-16 || Johann Nepomucenus || HILBURGER || Schirmitz || Legitimate || Johannes || HILBURGER || Walburga || KICK || Died young |- | Roggenstein || 1819-08-11 || Tobias || HILBURGER || Kaimling || Legitimate || Johann Joseph || HILBURGER || Anna Maria || WALDHIER || Immigrated to North America (Buffalo, NY) |- | Tännesberg || 1819-12-13 || Catharina || HILBURGER || Tännesberg || Legitimate || Matthias || HILBURGER || Catharina || FRAUNDORFER || oo Michael STEININGER |- | Böhmischbruck || 1819-12-15 || Elisabeth Barbara || HILBURGER || Böhmischbruck || Legitimate || Georg Felix || HILBURGER || Elisabeth || VOITH || |- | Leuchtenberg || 1820-01-18 || Georg Michael || HILBURGER || Leuchtenberg || Legitimate || Felix || HILBURGER || Sophia || KRAUS || Died young |- | Luhe || 1820-02-06 || Michael || HILBURGER || Au || Illegitimate || Johannes || HILBURGER || Barbara || KIES || |- | Floss || 1820-08-10 || Franz Nicolaus || HILBURGER || Floss || Legitimate || Georg Bartholomaeus || HILBURGER || Anna Catharina || STAUFER || |- | Schirmitz || 1821-05-24 || Johannes || HILBURGER || Schirmitz || Legitimate || Johannes || HILBURGER || Walburga || KICK || |- | Glaubendorf || 1821-08-12 || Peter || HILBURGER || Rattenberg || Legitimate || Johann Wolfgang || HILBURGER || Elisabeth || GRUBER || Died young |- | Tännesberg || 1822-07-30 || Anna || HILBURGER || Tännesberg || Legitimate || Matthias || HILBURGER || Catharina || FRAUNDORFER || |- | Glaubendorf || 1822-11-05 || Anna Margaretha || HILBURGER || Glaubendorf || Legitimate || Johann Michael || HILBURGER || Catharina || FRISCHHOLZ || Died young |- | Glaubendorf || 1823-04-30 || Johannes || HILBURGER || Rattenberg || Legitimate || Johann Wolfgang || HILBURGER || Elisabeth || GRUBER || oo Catharina HILBURGER |- | Glaubendorf || 1823-04-30 || Peter || HILBURGER || Rattenberg || Legitimate || Johann Wolfgang || HILBURGER || Elisabeth || GRUBER || Died young |- | Leuchtenberg || 1823-09-04 || Knabe || HILBURGER || Leuchtenberg || Legitimate || Felix || HILBURGER || Sophia || KRAUS || Died young |- | Leuchtenberg || 1824-03-23 || Johann Baptist || HILBURGER || Leuchtenberg || Legitimate || Johann Felix || HILBURGER || Rosina || GOETZ || |- | Glaubendorf || 1824-04-14 || Anna Margaretha || HILBURGER || Glaubendorf || Legitimate || Johann Michael || HILBURGER || Catharina || FRISCHHOLZ || Immigrated to North America (Buffalo, NY) |- | Tännesberg || 1824-11-11 || Johann Adam || HILBURGER || Tännesberg || Legitimate || Matthias || HILBURGER || Catharina || FRAUNDORFER || Died young |- | Floss || 1825-03-17 || Anna Catharina || HILBURGER || Floss || Legitimate || Georg Bartholomaeus || HILBURGER || Anna Catharina || STAUFER || |- | Leuchtenberg || 1825-08-13 || Elisabeth Barbara || HILBURGER || Leuchtenberg || Legitimate || Felix || HILBURGER || Sophia || KRAUS || |- | Glaubendorf || 1825-11-10 || Georg Peter || HILBURGER || Rattenberg || Legitimate || Johann Wolfgang || HILBURGER || Elisabeth || GRUBER || oo Maria Anna BAUER |- | Schirmitz || 1826-08-11 || Georg || HILBURGER || Schirmitz || Legitimate || Johannes || HILBURGER || Walburga || KICK || oo Ursula SCHARBAUER |- | Leuchtenberg || 1826-12-23 || Johann Georg || HILBURGER || Leuchtenberg || Legitimate || Johann Felix || HILBURGER || Rosina || GOETZ || oo Rosina GOETZ |- | Tännesberg || 1827-07-04 || Georg || HILBURGER || Tännesberg || Legitimate || Matthias || HILBURGER || Catharina || FRAUNDORFER || Died young |- | Floss || 1828-03-21 || Johann Baptist || HILBURGER || Floss || Legitimate || Georg Bartholomaeus || HILBURGER || Anna Catharina || STAUFER || |- | Roggenstein || 1828-04-06 || Georg || HILBURGER || Kaimling || Illegitimate || Johann Joseph || HILBURGER || Magdalena || BEILER || Died young |- | Glaubendorf || 1828-10-09 || Catharina || HILBURGER || Glaubendorf || Legitimate || Johann Michael || HILBURGER || Catharina || FRISCHHOLZ || |- | Leuchtenberg || 1829-04-23 || Jacob || HILBURGER || Leuchtenberg || Legitimate || Johann Felix || HILBURGER || Rosina || GOETZ || Died young |- | Glaubendorf || 1829-11-21 || Clara || HILBURGER || Kötschdorf || Illegitimate || Johann Baptist || HILBURGER || Margaretha || SCHMAUSS || |- | Schirmitz || 1830-02-09 || Anna Margaretha || HILBURGER || Schirmitz || Legitimate || Georg Stephan || HILBURGER || Maria Margaretha || WITTMANN || oo Johannes KOLLER |- | Leuchtenberg || 1830-06-05 || Jacob || HILBURGER || Leuchtenberg || Legitimate || Johann Felix || HILBURGER || Rosina || GOETZ || Immigrated to North America (Buffalo, NY) |- | Pleystein || 1830-06-26 || Margaretha || HILBURGER || Lohma || Illegitimate || Adam || HILBURGER || Eleonora || BAYERL || Died young |- | Leuchtenberg || 1831-03-29 || Johann Baptist || HILBURGER || Lückenrieth || Illegitimate || Johannes || HILBURGER || Anna || GRADL || |- | Tännesberg || 1831-10-13 || Gregor || HILBURGER || Tännesberg || Legitimate || Matthias || HILBURGER || Catharina || FRAUNDORFER || |- | Glaubendorf || 1832-03-01 || Margaretha || HILBURGER || Preppach || Illegitimate || Georg Paul || HILBURGER || Margaretha || NOSSNER || |- | Böhmischbruck || 1832-03-28 || Maria Anna || HILBURGER || Böhmischbruck || Legitimate || Thomas || HILBURGER || Maria Theresia || WILLAX || Died young |- | Schirmitz || 1832-04-29 || Anna Eva || HILBURGER || Schirmitz || Legitimate || Georg Stephan || HILBURGER || Maria Margaretha || WITTMANN || |- | Leuchtenberg || 1833-03-12 || Michael || HILBURGER || Leuchtenberg || Legitimate || Johann Felix || HILBURGER || Rosina || GOETZ || Immigrated to North America (Buffalo, NY) |- | Böhmischbruck || 1833-07-13 || Anna || HILBURGER || Böhmischbruck || Legitimate || Thomas || HILBURGER || Maria Theresia || WILLAX || Died young |- | Pleystein || 1833-11-27 || Anna || HILBURGER || Lohma || Legitimate || Adam || HILBURGER || Franziska || SAUER || |- | Schirmitz || 1834-01-03 || Georg Wolfgang || HILBURGER || Schirmitz || Legitimate || Georg Stephan || HILBURGER || Maria Margaretha || WITTMANN || Died young |- | Pullenried || 1834-03-25 || Johannes || HILBURGER || Kühried || Illegitimate || Georg Adam || HILBURGER || Margaretha || MAYER || |- | Glaubendorf || 1834-11-07 || Maria Anna || HILBURGER || Preppach || Illegitimate || Georg Paul || HILBURGER || Margaretha || NOSSNER || |- | Böhmischbruck || 1835-02-18 || Stephan || HILBURGER || Böhmischbruck || Legitimate || Thomas || HILBURGER || Maria Theresia || WILLAX || |- | Pullenried || 1835-09-17 || Anna || HILBURGER || Kühried || Illegitimate || Georg Adam || HILBURGER || Margaretha || MAYER || |- | Glaubendorf || 1836-02-13 || Catharina || HILBURGER || Rattenberg || Legitimate || Johann Baptist || HILBURGER || Margaretha || GRUBER || oo Johannes HILBURGER |- | Pleystein || 1836-03-31 || Franziska || HILBURGER || Lohma || Legitimate || Adam || HILBURGER || Franziska || SAUER || oo Johann Wolfgang IRLBACHER |- | Roggenstein || 1836-05-20 || Michael || HILBURGER || Muglhof || Illegitimate || Georg Bartholomaeus || HILBURGER || Margaretha || STAHL || |- | Böhmischbruck || 1836-06-02 || Johannes || HILBURGER || Böhmischbruck || Illegitimate || || || Elisabeth Barbara || HILBURGER || oo Margaretha KARL |- | Glaubendorf || 1837-01-30 || Andreas || HILBURGER || Kötschdorf || Legitimate || Johann Baptist || HILBURGER || Maria Anna || PAULUS || oo Margaretha KOLLER |- | Leuchtenberg || 1837-03-25 || Maria Franziska || HILBURGER || Leuchtenberg || Legitimate || Johann Felix || HILBURGER || Rosina || GOETZ || |- | Glaubendorf || 1837-10-20 || Catharina || HILBURGER || Rattenberg || Illegitimate || Georg || HIMERER || Barbara || HILBURGER || oo Wolfgang WEISS |- | Glaubendorf || 1837-10-26 || Catharina || HILBURGER || Rattenberg || Illegitimate || Georg || HIMERER || Barbara || HILBURGER || oo Wolfgang WEISS |- | Pullenried || 1837-10-29 || Lorentz || HILBURGER || Kühried || Illegitimate || Georg Adam || HILBURGER || Margaretha || MAYER || |- | Pleystein || 1838-08-17 || Jacob || HILBURGER || Lohma || Legitimate || Adam || HILBURGER || Franziska || SAUER || |- | Böhmischbruck || 1838-12-10 || Stephan Maximilian || HILBURGER || Böhmischbruck || Legitimate || Thomas || HILBURGER || Maria Theresia || WILLAX || Died young |- | Schirmitz || 1839-10-03 || Margaretha || HILBURGER || Schirmitz || Illegitimate || Georg Bartholomaeus || HILBURGER || Margaretha || HERMANN || Died young |- | Pleystein || 1839-12-20 || Michael || HILBURGER || Pleystein || Illegitimate || Martin || HILBURGER || Anna Maria || GRIEB || |- | Böhmischbruck || 1840-05-22 || Anna Maria || HILBURGER || Böhmischbruck || Legitimate || Thomas || HILBURGER || Maria Theresia || WILLAX || Died young |- | Glaubendorf || 1840-11-06 || Leonhard || HILBURGER || Kötschdorf || Legitimate || Johann Baptist || HILBURGER || Maria Anna || PAULUS || ooI Margaretha BODENSTEINER ooII Margaretha WURZER |- | Waldthurn || 1840-12-31 || Johann Georg || HILBURGER || Remmelberg || Illegitimate || Wolfgang Barthlomaeus || HILBURGER || Rosina || BODENSTEINER || oo Anna GIRLER |- | Pleystein || 1841-06-17 || Johannes || HILBURGER || Lohma || Legitimate || Adam || HILBURGER || Franziska || SAUER || Died young |- | Leuchtenberg || 1841-08-23 || Dorothea || HILBURGER || Leuchtenberg || Illegitimate || Georg || HILBURGER || Dorothea || FRISCHHOLZ || Died young |- | Floss || 1842-01-28 || Anna Maria Franziska || HILBURGER || Floss || Legitimate || Martin || HILBURGER || Anna Maria || GRIEB || |- | Böhmischbruck || 1842-02-01 || Matthias || HILBURGER || Böhmischbruck || Illegitimate || Georg || MULZER || Elisabeth Barbara || HILBURGER || Died young |- | Böhmischbruck || 1842-03-20 || Stephan Joseph || HILBURGER || Böhmischbruck || Legitimate || Thomas || HILBURGER || Maria Theresia || WILLAX || Died young |- | Roggenstein || 1842-06-03 || Ferdinand || HILBURGER || Roggenstein || Legitimate || Simon || HILBURGER || Margaretha || BETZ || |- | Pleystein || 1842-12-29 || Rosina || HILBURGER || Lohma || Legitimate || Adam || HILBURGER || Franziska || SAUER || |- | Böhmischbruck || 1843-03-11 || Barbara || HILBURGER || Böhmischbruck || Illegitimate || Conrad || GRIESMAN || Maria Anna || HILBURGER || |- | Leuchtenberg || 1843-05-22 || Elisabeth || HILBURGER || Leuchtenberg || Illegitimate || Andreas || HAMMER || Margaretha || HILBURGER || |- | Roggenstein || 1843-06-23 || Margaretha || HILBURGER || Roggenstein || Legitimate || Simon || HILBURGER || Margaretha || BETZ || Immigrated to North America |- | Böhmischbruck || 1844-01-26 || Johann Georg || HILBURGER || Böhmischbruck || Legitimate || Thomas || HILBURGER || Maria Theresia || WILLAX || oo Margaretha FORSTER |- | Glaubendorf || 1844-03-06 || Magdalena || HILBURGER || Kötschdorf || Legitimate || Johann Baptist || HILBURGER || Maria Anna || PAULUS || oo Martin KIENER |- | Floss || 1844-04-12 || Maria Josepha || HILBURGER || Floss || Legitimate || Martin || HILBURGER || Anna Maria || GRIEB || Died young |- | Floss || 1845-04-11 || Franziska Maria || HILBURGER || Floss || Legitimate || Martin || HILBURGER || Anna Maria || GRIEB || oo Johann Baptist KLÄRNER |- | Gleiritsch || 1845-07-24 || Johann Baptist || HILBURGER || Lampenricht || Legitimate || Georg Paul || HILBURGER || Maria Catharina || BETZ || Immigrated to North America (Colorado) |- | Pleystein || 1846-01-27 || Margaretha || HILBURGER || Lohma || Legitimate || Adam || HILBURGER || Franziska || SAUER || |- | Leuchtenberg || 1846-04-16 || Maria || HILBURGER || Döllnitz || Illegitimate || Lorentz || HILBURGER || Maria || HAGER || |- | Floss || 1846-05-11 || Franziska || HILBURGER || Floss || Legitimate || Johann Adam || HILBURGER || Sophia || LINDNER || |- | Böhmischbruck || 1846-09-28 || Anna Maria || HILBURGER || Böhmischbruck || Legitimate || Thomas || HILBURGER || Maria Theresia || WILLAX || Died young |- | Schirmitz || 1847-04-12 || Franziska || HILBURGER || Schirmitz || Illegitimate || Georg Bartholomaeus || HILBURGER || Dorothea || WITTMANN || oo Johannes HOFMANN |- | Floss || 1847-08-13 || Johann Michael || HILBURGER || Floss || Legitimate || Martin || HILBURGER || Anna Maria || GRIEB || |- | Floss || 1848-08-02 || Georg Michael || HILBURGER || Floss || Legitimate || Johann Adam || HILBURGER || Sophia || LINDNER || oo Rosina STRIGL |- | Niedermurach || 1848-12-24 || Paul || HILBURGER || Dietersdorf || Legitimate || Georg Paul || HILBURGER || Maria Catharina || BETZ || ooI Margaretha BALK ooII Elisabeth MAIER |- | Floss || 1849-01-20 || Johann Sebastian || HILBURGER || Floss || Illegitimate || Georg || KNEIDL || Maria Franziska || HILBURGER || |- | Pleystein || 1849-02-05 || Georg || HILBURGER || Lohma || Legitimate || Adam || HILBURGER || Franziska || SAUER || Died young |- | Roggenstein || 1849-05-04 || Leonhard || HILBURGER || Muglhof || Legitimate || Wolfgang Barthlomaeus || HILBURGER || Rosina || BODENSTEINER || Died young |- | Glaubendorf || 1849-07-31 || Georg Michael || HILBURGER || Glaubendorf || Illegitimate || Georg Peter || HILBURGER || Catharina || ANZER || |- | Leuchtenberg || 1849-09-04 || Anna || HILBURGER || Leuchtenberg || Legitimate || Georg || HILBURGER || Franziska || GRESSER || |- | Floss || 1849-10-15 || Johann Wilhelm || HILBURGER || Floss || Legitimate || Martin || HILBURGER || Anna Maria || GRIEB || |- | Schirmitz || 1850-02-07 || Ursula || HILBURGER || Schirmitz || Legitimate || Georg || HILBURGER || Ursula || SCHARBAUER || oo Johannes HÖSL |- | Schirmitz || 1850-08-03 || Rosina || HILBURGER || Schirmitz || Illegitimate || Georg Bartholomaeus || HILBURGER || Dorothea || WITTMANN || oo Georg SCHOBER |- | Floss || 1850-12-05 || Johann Martin || HILBURGER || Floss || Legitimate || Johann Adam || HILBURGER || Sophia || LINDNER || Died young |- | Schirmitz || 1851-05-10 || Margaretha || HILBURGER || Schirmitz || Legitimate || Georg || HILBURGER || Ursula || SCHARBAUER || Died young |- | Niedermurach || 1851-07-08 || Johann Baptist || HILBURGER || Dietersdorf || Legitimate || Paul || HILBURGER || Maria Catharina || BETZ || ooI Anna SCHEIDLER ooII Anna ANZER ooIII Barbara ANZER |- | Roggenstein || 1851-11-30 || Johann Leonhard || HILBURGER || Muglhof || Legitimate || Wolfgang Barthlomaeus || HILBURGER || Rosina || BODENSTEINER || Died young |- | Floss || 1852-03-16 || Johann Anton || HILBURGER || Floss || Legitimate || Martin || HILBURGER || Anna Maria || GRIEB || |- | Leuchtenberg || 1852-03-18 || Elisabeth || HILBURGER || Leuchtenberg || Legitimate || Johann Georg || HILBURGER || Rosina || GOETZ || |- | Roggenstein || 1852-04-04 || Barbara || HILBURGER || Kaimling || Illegitimate || Tobias || HILBURGER || Maria Anna || MESSER || Immigrated to North America (Buffalo, NY) |- | Leuchtenberg || 1852-04-05 || Georg Adam || HILBURGER || Leuchtenberg || Legitimate || Georg || HILBURGER || Franziska || GRESSER || oo Margaretha HILBURGER, immigrated to NA (OH) |- | Floss || 1852-08-20 || Franz Xavier || HILBURGER || Floss || Legitimate || Johann Adam || HILBURGER || Sophia || LINDNER || oo Theresia LUKAS |- | Schirmitz || 1852-09-06 || Susanna || HILBURGER || Pirk || Legitimate || Johann Michael || HILBURGER || Anna Maria || FISCHER || oo Johannes ERMER |- | Glaubendorf || 1853-10-18 || Maria || HILBURGER || Rattenberg || Legitimate || Georg Peter || HILBURGER || Elisabeth || GOETZ || |- | Roggenstein || 1854-04-14 || Leonhard || HILBURGER || Muglhof || Legitimate || Wolfgang Barthlomaeus || HILBURGER || Rosina || BODENSTEINER || oo Anna Maria KICK |- | Leuchtenberg || 1854-10-28 || Catharina || HILBURGER || Leuchtenberg || Legitimate || Georg || HILBURGER || Franziska || GRESSER || oo Johann Baptist KRAUS |- | Leuchtenberg || 1854-10-29 || Michael || HILBURGER || Leuchtenberg || Legitimate || Johann Georg || HILBURGER || Rosina || GOETZ || |- | Schirmitz || 1855-01-13 || Georg || HILBURGER || Pirk || Legitimate || Johann Michael || HILBURGER || Anna Maria || FISCHER || oo Anna Ursula SCHARBAUER |- | Niedermurach || 1855-01-22 || Michael || HILBURGER || Dietersdorf || Legitimate || Georg Paul || HILBURGER || Maria Catharina || BETZ || Died young |- | Floss || 1855-06-28 || Joseph Anton || HILBURGER || Floss || Legitimate || Martin || HILBURGER || Anna Maria || GRIEB || |- | Glaubendorf || 1855-11-19 || Maria Elisabeth || HILBURGER || Rattenberg || Legitimate || Georg Peter || HILBURGER || Elisabeth || GOETZ || oo Andreas LANG |- | Floss || 1856-05-09 || Lorentz || HILBURGER || Floss || Legitimate || Johann Adam || HILBURGER || Sophia || LINDNER || Died young |- | Roggenstein || 1856-10-17 || Margaretha || HILBURGER || Muglhof || Legitimate || Wolfgang Barthlomaeus || HILBURGER || Rosina || BODENSTEINER || |- | Roggenstein || 1856-10-31 || Barbara || HILBURGER || Roggenstein || Illegitimate || Michael || HILBURGER || Margaretha || BIRNER || |- | Glaubendorf || 1856-12-06 || Johann Baptist || HILBURGER || Lückenrieth || Illegitimate || || || Anna || HILBURGER || Died young |- | Glaubendorf || 1856-12-28 || Maria || HILBURGER || Rattenberg || Legitimate || Georg Peter || HILBURGER || Elisabeth || GOETZ || oo Michael GRUBER |- | Leuchtenberg || 1857-02-16 || Anna || HILBURGER || Leuchtenberg || Legitimate || Johann Georg || HILBURGER || Rosina || GOETZ || |- | Glaubendorf || 1857-03-30 || Elisabeth || HILBURGER || Rattenberg || Legitimate || Georg Peter || HILBURGER || Maria Anna || BAUER || oo Johannes HÄGLER |- | Floss || 1857-09-22 || Johann Carl || HILBURGER || Floss || Legitimate || Martin || HILBURGER || Anna Maria || GRIEB || Died young |- | Schirmitz || 1857-10-10 || Anna || HILBURGER || Pirk || Legitimate || Johann Michael || HILBURGER || Anna Maria || FISCHER || oo Johannes FRISCHHOLZ |- | Niedermurach || 1858-01-27 || Joseph || HILBURGER || Dietersdorf || Legitimate || Georg Paul || HILBURGER || Maria Catharina || BETZ || Immigrated to North America (Colorado) |- | Glaubendorf || 1858-02-24 || Maria Anna || HILBURGER || Rattenberg || Legitimate || Georg Peter || HILBURGER || Elisabeth || GOETZ || |- | Glaubendorf || 1858-03-23 || Magdalena || HILBURGER || Rattenberg || Illegitimate || Johannes || HILBURGER || Catharina || HILBURGER || Died young |- | Glaubendorf || 1858-04-11 || Barbara || HILBURGER || Schiltern || Illegitimate || Michael || HILBURGER || Elisabeth || BISCHOF || |- | Floss || 1858-09-07 || Johann Baptist || HILBURGER || Floss || Legitimate || Johann Adam || HILBURGER || Sophia || LINDNER || |- | Leuchtenberg || 1859-02-03 || Ignatz || HILBURGER || Leuchtenberg || Legitimate || Georg || HILBURGER || Franziska || GRESSER || oo Carolina TROIDL |- | Glaubendorf || 1859-10-17 || Catharina || HILBURGER || Rattenberg || Legitimate || Georg Peter || HILBURGER || Maria Anna || BAUER || oo Carl LINDNER |- | Roggenstein || 1860-02-24 || Margaretha || HILBURGER || Roggenstein || Illegitimate || Michael || HILBURGER || Margaretha || BIRNER || |- | Luhe || 1860-10-31 || Mathilda Maria Anna || HILBURGER || Luhe || Legitimate || Andreas || HILBURGER || Johanna || RIPPL || Died young |- | Glaubendorf || 1861-01-23 || Maria Margaretha || HILBURGER || Rattenberg || Legitimate || Georg Peter || HILBURGER || Elisabeth || GOETZ || oo Michael GRUBER |- | Glaubendorf || 1861-08-24 || Johannes || HILBURGER || Rattenberg || Legitimate || Georg Peter || HILBURGER || Maria Anna || BAUER || Died young |- | Miesbrunn || 1861-11-02 || Anna || HILBURGER || Hagendorf || Illegitimate || Joseph || HILBURGER || Rosina || HARTUNG || |- | Schirmitz || 1861-12-05 || Johannes || HILBURGER || Pirk || Legitimate || Johann Michael || HILBURGER || Anna Maria || FISCHER || oo Theresia IRLBACHER |- | Luhe || 1861-12-28 || Amalie || HILBURGER || Luhe || Legitimate || Andreas || HILBURGER || Johanna || RIPPL || |- | Leuchtenberg || 1862-02-12 || Johann Michael || HILBURGER || Leuchtenberg || Legitimate || Johann Georg || HILBURGER || Rosina || GOETZ || Immigrated to North America (Buffalo, NY) |- | Glaubendorf || 1863-03-15 || Mädchen || HILBURGER || Rattenberg || Legitimate || Georg Peter || HILBURGER || Maria Anna || BAUER || Died young |- | Michldorf || 1863-08-29 || Barbara || HILBURGER || Matzlesberg || Illegitimate || || || Catharina || HILBURGER || Died young |- | Tännesberg || 1864-01-08 || Mathilde || HILBURGER || Tännesberg || Legitimate || Andreas || HILBURGER || Johanna || RIPPL || |- | Glaubendorf || 1864-01-14 || Maria Barbara || HILBURGER || Rattenberg || Legitimate || Georg Peter || HILBURGER || Elisabeth || GOETZ || Died young |- | Floss || 1864-04-26 || Lorentz || HILBURGER || Floss || Legitimate || Johann Adam || HILBURGER || Sophia || LINDNER || |- | Leuchtenberg || 1864-08-02 || Catharina || HILBURGER || Leuchtenberg || Illegitimate || || || Margaretha || HILBURGER || Died young |- | Glaubendorf || 1864-10-22 || Magdalena || HILBURGER || Kötschdorf || Legitimate || Andreas || HILBURGER || Margaretha || KOLLER || |- | Glaubendorf || 1865-03-23 || Maria || HILBURGER || Rattenberg || Legitimate || Georg Peter || HILBURGER || Maria Anna || BAUER || oo Johannes BAUER |- | Böhmischbruck || 1865-03-30 || Anna Maria || HILBURGER || Oedpielmannsberg || Legitimate || Johannes || HILBURGER || Margaretha || KARL || |- | Schirmitz || 1865-08-12 || Anna Margaretha || HILBURGER || Schirmitz || Illegitimate || Georg || HILBURGER || Catharina || MAECHTL || Died young |- | Tännesberg || 1865-09-18 || Philomena || HILBURGER || Tännesberg || Legitimate || Andreas || HILBURGER || Johanna || RIPPL || |- | Schirmitz || 1865-11-19 || Margaretha || HILBURGER || Pirk || Legitimate || Johann Michael || HILBURGER || Anna Maria || FISCHER || oo Georg Bartholomaeus KICK |- | Leuchtenberg || 1866-07-07 || Barbara || HILBURGER || Leuchtenberg || Illegitimate || Georg || KOEPPL || Margaretha || HILBURGER || |- | Glaubendorf || 1867-11-02 || Johannes || HILBURGER || Rattenberg || Legitimate || Georg Peter || HILBURGER || Maria Anna || BAUER || oo Anna KIENER |- | Tännesberg || 1868-02-05 || Albert || HILBURGER || Tännesberg || Legitimate || Andreas || HILBURGER || Johanna || RIPPL || Died young |- | Schirmitz || 1868-09-09 || Anna Maria || HILBURGER || Pirk || Legitimate || Johann Michael || HILBURGER || Anna Maria || FISCHER || |- | Michldorf || 1869-03-23 || Johann Baptist || HILBURGER || Matzlesberg || Illegitimate || || || Catharina || HILBURGER || Died young |- | Tännesberg || 1869-11-03 || Adelheid || HILBURGER || Tännesberg || Legitimate || Andreas || HILBURGER || Johanna || RIPPL || |- | Schirmitz || 1869-12-18 || Michael || HILBURGER || Schirmitz || Illegitimate || Michael || KICK || Ursula || HILBURGER || |- | Floss || 1870-03-31 || Georgina || HILBURGER || Floss || Illegitimate || Johannes || GILLMANN || Franziska || HILBURGER || |- | Böhmischbruck || 1870-04-27 || Maria || HILBURGER || Böhmischbruck || Legitimate || Johann Georg || HILBURGER || Margaretha || FORSTER || oo Andreas NOESSNER |- | Glaubendorf || 1870-06-07 || Maria Magdalena || HILBURGER || Kötschdorf || Legitimate || Leonhard || HILBURGER || Margaretha || BODENSTEINER || oo Johannes KICK |- | Glaubendorf || 1870-07-26 || Anna Catharina || HILBURGER || Rattenberg || Legitimate || Georg Peter || HILBURGER || Maria Anna || BAUER || |- | Leuchtenberg || 1871-04-04 || Catharina || HILBURGER || Leuchtenberg || Illegitimate || Joseph || GINGL || Anna || HILBURGER || |- | Böhmischbruck || 1871-05-12 || Johannes || HILBURGER || Böhmischbruck || Legitimate || Johannes || HILBURGER || Margaretha || KARL || oo Catharina SCHERER |- | Glaubendorf || 1871-11-04 || Maria Magdalena || HILBURGER || Kötschdorf || Legitimate || Leonhard || HILBURGER || Margaretha || BODENSTEINER || Died young |- | Glaubendorf || 1871-11-04 || Maria Margaretha || HILBURGER || Kötschdorf || Legitimate || Leonhard || HILBURGER || Margaretha || BODENSTEINER || Died young |- | Glaubendorf || 1872-04-20 || Johann Georg || HILBURGER || Schiltern || Legitimate || Michael || HILBURGER || Cunigunda || STIGLER || Died young |- | Böhmischbruck || 1872-08-20 || Margaretha || HILBURGER || Böhmischbruck || Legitimate || Johann Georg || HILBURGER || Margaretha || FORSTER || Died young |- | Glaubendorf || 1872-11-12 || Margaretha || HILBURGER || Kötschdorf || Legitimate || Leonhard || HILBURGER || Margaretha || BODENSTEINER || Died young |- | Glaubendorf || 1873-05-16 || Margaretha || HILBURGER || Schiltern || Legitimate || Michael || HILBURGER || Cunigunda || STIGLER || |- | Böhmischbruck || 1873-06-27 || Margaretha || HILBURGER || Böhmischbruck || Legitimate || Johann Georg || HILBURGER || Margaretha || FORSTER || |- | Schirmitz || 1873-12-25 || Susanna || HILBURGER || Muglhof || Illegitimate || Leonhard || HILBURGER || Maria Anna || KICK || |- | Leuchtenberg || 1874-03-16 || Johannes || HILBURGER || Leuchtenberg || Illegitimate || Joseph || ZEIST || Elisabeth || HILBURGER || |- | Glaubendorf || 1875-01-08 || Johannes || HILBURGER || Schiltern || Legitimate || Michael || HILBURGER || Cunigunda || STIGLER || |- | Glaubendorf || 1875-05-25 || Margaretha || HILBURGER || Kötschdorf || Legitimate || Leonhard || HILBURGER || Margaretha || BODENSTEINER || Died young |- | Böhmischbruck || 1875-06-29 || Johann Georg || HILBURGER || Böhmischbruck || Legitimate || Johann Georg || HILBURGER || Margaretha || FORSTER || Died young |- | Floss || 1876-01-26 || Anna || HILBURGER || Floss || Legitimate || Georg Michael || HILBURGER || Rosina || STRIGL || |- | Glaubendorf || 1876-12-10 || Maria || HILBURGER || Kötschdorf || Legitimate || Leonhard || HILBURGER || Margaretha || BODENSTEINER || Died young |- | Glaubendorf || 1876-12-10 || Joseph || HILBURGER || Kötschdorf || Legitimate || Leonhard || HILBURGER || Margaretha || BODENSTEINER || Died young |- | Glaubendorf || 1877-05-25 || Georg || HILBURGER || Schiltern || Legitimate || Michael || HILBURGER || Cunigunda || STIGLER || |- | Leuchtenberg || 1877-12-10 || Valentin || HILBURGER || Leuchtenberg || Illegitimate || Johann Baptist || KRAUS || Catharina || HILBURGER || |- | Glaubendorf || 1877-12-30 || Peter || HILBURGER || Kötschdorf || Legitimate || Leonhard || HILBURGER || Margaretha || BODENSTEINER || Died young |- | Floss || 1878-03-24 || Amalie || HILBURGER || Floss || Legitimate || Georg Michael || HILBURGER || Rosina || STRIGL || Died young |- | Schirmitz || 1878-05-21 || Johannes || HILBURGER || Muglhof || Illegitimate || Leonhard || HILBURGER || Maria Anna || KICK || |- | Glaubendorf || 1878-08-12 || Maria || HILBURGER || Preppach || Legitimate || Paul || HILBURGER || Margaretha || BALK || |- | Floss || 1878-11-20 || Johann Christoph || HILBURGER || Floss || Legitimate || Franz Xavier || HILBURGER || Theresia || LUKAS || |- | Leuchtenberg || 1879-02-12 || Zwilling || HILBURGER || Leuchtenberg || Illegitimate || || || Catharina || HILBURGER || Died young |- | Leuchtenberg || 1879-02-12 || Zwilling || HILBURGER || Leuchtenberg || Illegitimate || || || Catharina || HILBURGER || Died young |- | Floss || 1879-10-05 || Margaretha || HILBURGER || Floss || Legitimate || Georg Michael || HILBURGER || Rosina || STRIGL || oo Engelbert APENMACHER |- | Glaubendorf || 1880-01-13 || Rosina || HILBURGER || Kötschdorf || Legitimate || Leonhard || HILBURGER || Margaretha || BODENSTEINER || oo Georg BAYERL |- | Floss || 1880-03-12 || Friedrich || HILBURGER || Floss || Legitimate || Franz Xavier || HILBURGER || Theresia || LUKAS || oo Maria GIRTLHUBER |- | Glaubendorf || 1880-12-26 || Johann Baptist || HILBURGER || Preppach || Legitimate || Paul || HILBURGER || Margaretha || BALK || Died young |- | Glaubendorf || 1880-12-26 || Catharina || HILBURGER || Preppach || Legitimate || Paul || HILBURGER || Margaretha || BALK || Died young |- | Luhe || 1881-03-10 || Ignatz || HILBURGER || Leuchtenberg || Illegitimate || Johannes || BEUTL || Anna || HILBURGER || |- | Floss || 1881-06-30 || Amalie || HILBURGER || Floss || Legitimate || Georg Michael || HILBURGER || Rosina || STRIGL || |- | Glaubendorf || 1882-03-06 || Martin || HILBURGER || Kötschdorf || Legitimate || Leonhard || HILBURGER || Margaretha || BODENSTEINER || Died young |- | Tännesberg || 1883-02-22 || Georg || HILBURGER || Voitsberg || Legitimate || Ignatz || HILBURGER || Carolina || TROIDL || oo Theresia STEGER |- | Glaubendorf || 1883-04-11 || Martin || HILBURGER || Kötschdorf || Legitimate || Leonhard || HILBURGER || Margaretha || BODENSTEINER || |- | Glaubendorf || 1883-10-17 || Joseph || HILBURGER || Preppach || Legitimate || Paul || HILBURGER || Elisabeth || MAIER || Died young |- | Glaubendorf || 1884-07-17 || Elisabeth || HILBURGER || Wittschau || Legitimate || Johann Baptist || HILBURGER || Anna || SCHEIDLER || oo Michael BETZ |- | Glaubendorf || 1884-11-28 || Anna || HILBURGER || Preppach || Legitimate || Paul || HILBURGER || Elisabeth || MAIER || oo Franz KINDL |- | Tännesberg || 1885-04-27 || Anna || HILBURGER || Voitsberg || Legitimate || Ignatz || HILBURGER || Carolina || TROIDL || |- | Glaubendorf || 1885-05-04 || Andreas || HILBURGER || Kötschdorf || Legitimate || Leonhard || HILBURGER || Margaretha || BODENSTEINER || oo Barbara BAUER |- | Tännesberg || 1887-06-10 || Margaretha || HILBURGER || Voitsberg || Legitimate || Ignatz || HILBURGER || Carolina || TROIDL || oo Andreas HARTBERGER |- | Glaubendorf || 1887-10-28 || Anna || HILBURGER || Kötschdorf || Legitimate || Leonhard || HILBURGER || Margaretha || BODENSTEINER || |- | Glaubendorf || 1889-05-09 || Maria || HILBURGER || Wittschau || Legitimate || Johann Baptist || HILBURGER || Anna || SCHEIDLER || Died young |- | Schirmitz || 1889-08-11 || Johannes || HILBURGER || Bechtsrieth || Legitimate || Georg || HILBURGER || Anna Ursula || SCHARBAUER || Died young |- | Schirmitz || 1889-08-19 || Anna || HILBURGER || Pirk || Legitimate || Johannes || HILBURGER || Theresia || IRLBACHER || Died young |- | Tännesberg || 1889-10-04 || Maria Margaretha || HILBURGER || Voitsberg || Legitimate || Ignatz || HILBURGER || Carolina || TROIDL || |- | Schirmitz || 1890-09-20 || Theresia || HILBURGER || Bechtsrieth || Legitimate || Georg || HILBURGER || Anna Ursula || SCHARBAUER || |- | Glaubendorf || 1891-02-03 || Maria Rosina || HILBURGER || Kötschdorf || Legitimate || Leonhard || HILBURGER || Margaretha || BODENSTEINER || |- | Tännesberg || 1891-09-10 || Johann Baptist || HILBURGER || Voitsberg || Legitimate || Ignatz || HILBURGER || Carolina || TROIDL || |- | Schirmitz || 1892-01-27 || Anna || HILBURGER || Pirk || Legitimate || Johannes || HILBURGER || Theresia || IRLBACHER || |- | Schirmitz || 1892-12-24 || Anna || HILBURGER || Bechtsrieth || Legitimate || Georg || HILBURGER || Anna Ursula || SCHARBAUER || |- | Schirmitz || 1893-02-09 || Maria || HILBURGER || Pirk || Legitimate || Johannes || HILBURGER || Theresia || IRLBACHER || Died young |- | Leuchtenberg || 1893-03-09 || Johann Baptist || HILBURGER || Leuchtenberg || Illegitimate || Franz || GILGBAUER || Catharina || HILBURGER || oo Elisa RATHGABER |- | Glaubendorf || 1893-03-21 || Anna Elisabeth || HILBURGER || Wittschau || Legitimate || Johann Baptist || HILBURGER || Anna || ANZER || Died young |- | Glaubendorf || 1893-05-22 || Anna Margaretha || HILBURGER || Preppach || Legitimate || Paul || HILBURGER || Elisabeth || MAIER || oo Gottfried MAIER |- | Tännesberg || 1894-05-10 || Joseph || HILBURGER || Voitsberg || Legitimate || Ignatz || HILBURGER || Carolina || TROIDL || ooI Walburga MEIER ooII Margaretha BUCHBINDER |- | Schirmitz || 1894-05-25 || Maria || HILBURGER || Bechtsrieth || Legitimate || Georg || HILBURGER || Anna Ursula || SCHARBAUER || oo Wolfgang GRUBER |- | Glaubendorf || 1894-06-01 || Elisabeth Margaretha || HILBURGER || Wittschau || Legitimate || Johann Baptist || HILBURGER || Anna || ANZER || Died young |- | Schirmitz || 1894-08-17 || Georg || HILBURGER || Pirk || Legitimate || Johannes || HILBURGER || Theresia || IRLBACHER || |- | Glaubendorf || 1895-06-29 || Peter || HILBURGER || Wittschau || Legitimate || Johann Baptist || HILBURGER || Anna || ANZER || Died young |- | Tännesberg || 1896-08-06 || Georg || HILBURGER || Voitsberg || Legitimate || Ignatz || HILBURGER || Carolina || TROIDL || oo Kreszentia GETZL |- | Leuchtenberg || 1896-08-08 || Anna || HILBURGER || Leuchtenberg || Illegitimate || Johannes || GLASCHNIDER || Catharina || HILBURGER || |- | Glaubendorf || 1896-10-18 || Paul || HILBURGER || Wittschau || Legitimate || Johann Baptist || HILBURGER || Anna || ANZER || Died young |- | Leuchtenberg || 1897-09-21 || Anna || HILBURGER || Leuchtenberg || Illegitimate || Johannes || POLLINGSFALLEN || Catharina || HILBURGER || |- | Glaubendorf || 1898-08-25 || Johann Baptist || HILBURGER || Wittschau || Legitimate || Johann Baptist || HILBURGER || Barbara || ANZER || |- | Tännesberg || 1898-09-23 || Barbara || HILBURGER || Voitsberg || Legitimate || Ignatz || HILBURGER || Carolina || TROIDL || |- | Glaubendorf || 1900-06-22 || Maria || HILBURGER || Wittschau || Legitimate || Johann Baptist || HILBURGER || Barbara || ANZER || oo Georg RAM |- | Glaubendorf || 1903-04-23 || Barbara Anna || HILBURGER || Wittschau || Legitimate || Johann Baptist || HILBURGER || Barbara || ANZER || oo Gall OTTO |- | Glaubendorf || 1911-10-22 || Maria || HILBURGER || Kötschdorf || Legitimate || Andreas || HILBURGER || Barbara || BAUER || Died young |}Hilburger Marriages
[[#top|Back to top]] | [[#Baptisms|Baptisms]] | [[#sources|Sources]] {|class="wikitable sortable" border="4" |- align=center ! Parish || Date || Groom Given Name || Groom Surname || Groom's Father || Groom's Mother || Groom Parish || Bride Given Name || Bride Surname || Bride's Father || Bride's Mother || Bride Parish || Notes |- | Michldorf || 1592-01-12 || Johannes || HILBURGER || || || Michldorf || Barbara || POELS || Johannes POELS || || Michldorf || |- | Schirmitz || 1648-05-26 || Matthias || HILBURGER || Matthias HILBURGER || || Schirmitz || Catharina || KICK || || || Neunkirchen bei Weiden || |- | Schirmitz || 1650-01-14 || Georg || HILBURGER || || || Schirmitz || Christina || LINDNER || Johannes LINDNER || || Waldthurn || |- | Schirmitz || 1651-04-18 || Matthias || HILBURGER || || || Schirmitz || Anna || LEIDTGEB || || || Schirmitz || |- | Michldorf || 1656-01-25 || Georg || HILBURGER || Johannes HILBURGER || || Michldorf || Mathilda || GRUEBER || Martin GRUEBER || || Michldorf || |- | Michldorf || 1663-01-30 || Paul || HILBURGER || Nicolaus HILBURGER || || Michldorf || Anna || SCHMIDT || Stephan SCHMIDT || || Michldorf || |- | Schirmitz || 1663-11-06 || Matthias || HILBURGER || || || Schirmitz || Margaretha || ZANNER || Nicolaus ZANNER || || Schirmitz || Groom widower |- | Glaubendorf || 1663-11-20 || Paul || HILBURGER || Nicolaus HILBURGER || || Michldorf || Anna || BAYERL || Johannes BAYERL || || Michldorf || |- | Michldorf || 1666-01-26 || Lorentz || HILBURGER || Veit HILBURGER || || Michldorf || Anna || LANDGRAF || Johannes LANDGRAF || || Michldorf || |- | Glaubendorf || 1667-04-14 || Georg || HILBURGER || || || Glaubendorf || Cunigunda || || || || || Groom widower, bride widow of Georg SAILLER |- | Schirmitz || 1670-01-14 || Michael || HILBURGER || || || Schirmitz || Veronica || SCHWAB || Johannes SCHWAB || || Schirmitz || |- | Schirmitz || 1672-11-08 || Johannes || HILBURGER || Georg HILBURGER || Christina LINDNER || Schirmitz || Anna Maria || KROPF || Bartholomaeus KROPF || || Altenstadt || |- | Michldorf || 1675-01-30 || Peter || HILBURGER || Johannes HILBURGER || Anna || Michldorf || Anna || ZILBAUER || Erhard ZILBAUER || || Michldorf || |- | Glaubendorf || 1675-11-16 || Johannes || HILBURGER || Johannes HILBURGER || Anna || Michldorf || Barbara || POPP || Johannes POPP || || Glaubendorf || Groom from Irchenrieth in Michldorf Parish |- | Leuchtenberg || 1684-05-16 || Georg || HILBURGER || || || Michldorf || Margaretha || STRIGL || Lorentz STRIGL || || Glaubendorf || Groom widower |- | Schirmitz || 1684-07-04 || Michael || HILBURGER || || || Schirmitz || Anna Walburga || MAYER || Johannes MAYER || || || Groom widower |- | Michldorf || 1686-04-30 || Lorentz || HILBURGER || || || Michldorf || Cunigunda || WALDEN || Georg WALDEN || || || |- | Leuchtenberg || 1689-10-24 || Paul || HILBURGER || Nicolaus HILBURGER || || Michldorf || Margaretha || BERTHOLD || Adam BERTHOLD || Margaretha || Leuchtenberg || Groom widower |- | Leuchtenberg || 1690-09-04 || Wolfgang || HILBURGER || Simon HILBURGER || Barbara || Michldorf || Catharina Barbara || FORSTER || Martin FORSTER || Ursula || Tännesberg || |- | Michldorf || 1692-10-22 || Johannes || HILBURGER || Paul HILBURGER || Anna BAYERL || Michldorf || Margaretha || LANG || Johannes LANG || || Michldorf || |- | Leuchtenberg || 1696-01-24 || Johannes || HILBURGER || Simon HILBURGER || Barbara || Michldorf || Anna Barbara || DEMLEUTHNER || Wolfgang DEMLEUTHNER || Barbara || Leuchtenberg || |- | Glaubendorf || 1696-05-15 || Erhard || HILBURGER || Georg HILBURGER || Anna || Glaubendorf || Apollonia || ZILBAUER || Paul ZILBAUER || Apollonia || Luhe || |- | Glaubendorf || 1698-08-26 || Thomas || HILBURGER || Paul HILBURGER || Anna SCHMIDT || Leuchtenberg || Helena || ROGER || Wolfgang ROGER || Catharina TROIDL || Glaubendorf || |- | Miesbrunn || 1698-11-24 || Andreas || HILBURGER || Johannes HILBURGER || || || Eva || LEITNER || Bartholomaeus LEITNER || || Waldthurn || |- | Leuchtenberg || 1699-02-03 || Thomas || HILBURGER || Paul HILBURGER || Anna SCHMIDT || Leuchtenberg || Elisabeth || GRÖTSCH || Andreas GRÖTSCH || || Leuchtenberg || |- | Leuchtenberg || 1701-04-04 || Wolfgang || HILBURGER || Simon HILBURGER || Barbara || Michldorf || Catharina || ERNST || Michael ERNST || Barbara || Leuchtenberg || |- | Leuchtenberg || 1703-09-12 || Wolfgang || HILBURGER || Paul HILBURGER || Anna BAYERL || Leuchtenberg || Dorothea || LAMBL || Lorentz LAMBL || || Leuchtenberg || |- | Roggenstein || 1704-01-29 || Georg || HILBURGER || Lorentz HILBURGER || Anna LANDGRAF || Roggenstein || Ursula || SCHOBER || Johannes SCHOBER || Cunigunda || Waldthurn || |- | Glaubendorf || 1705-05-12 || Johannes || HILBURGER || Johannes HILBURGER || Barbara POPP || Glaubendorf || Margaretha || WINTER || Michael WINTER || Catharina TROIDL || Leuchtenberg || |- | Schirmitz || 1706-07-17 || Johannes || HILBURGER || Michael HILBURGER || || Schirmitz || Barbara || BEUTL || Andreas BEUTL || Apollonia || Roggenstein || |- | Schirmitz || 1707-08-01 || Johannes || HILBURGER || Matthias HILBURGER || Catharina KICK || Schirmitz || Barbara || SCHWARMBERGER || Ulrich SCHWARMBERGER || Margaretha || Neukirchen zu St. Christoph || Groom widower |- | Michldorf || 1709-04-08 || Johannes || HILBURGER || Peter HILBURGER || Anna ZILBAUER || Michldorf || Anna Margaretha || GRUEBER || Johannes GRUEBER || Cunigunda || Michldorf || |- | Schirmitz || 1709-11-26 || Adam || HILBURGER || Johannes HILBURGER || Anna || Schirmitz || Dorothea || BAUM || Georg BAUM || Barbara || Luhe || |- | Leuchtenberg || 1711-02-03 || Johann Michael || HILBURGER || Georg HILBURGER || Margaretha STRIGL || Leuchtenberg || Anna Margaretha || SPINDLER || Johannes SPINDLER || Barbara || Luhe || |- | Schirmitz || 1713-01-24 || Johannes || HILBURGER || Johannes HILBURGER || Anna Maria KROPF || Schirmitz || Margaretha || KICK || Johannes KICK || Apollonia || Schirmitz || |- | Schnaittenbach || 1714-05-14 || Georg Wolfgang || HILBURGER || Georg HILBURGER || Margaretha STRIGL || Leuchtenberg || Maria || DONHAUSER || Leonhard DONHAUSER || Anna || Schnaittenbach || |- | Floss || 1717-05-15 || Andreas || HILBURGER || Johannes HILBURGER || Barbara POPP || Glaubendorf || Catharina || || || || || Bride widow of [no first name] BETZ |- | Luhe || 1719-04-25 || Johann Georg || HILBURGER || Georg HILBURGER || Anna || Glaubendorf || Maria || MULZER || Leonhard MULZER || Anna Maria || Roggenstein || Groom widower |- | Michldorf || 1721-02-19 || Johann Adam || HILBURGER || Peter HILBURGER || Anna ZILBAUER || Michldorf || Catharina Elisabeth || DE LEVIN || Johann Egid DE LEVIN || Anna Dorothea || Michldorf || |- | Pleystein || 1723-01-17 || Matthias || HILBURGER || Johannes HILBURGER || Anna || Schirmitz || Maria || HIRNER || Leonhard HIRNER || Barbara || Pleystein || |- | Glaubendorf || 1723-01-26 || Andreas || HILBURGER || Johannes HILBURGER || Barbara POPP || Glaubendorf || Anna || FRISCHHOLZ || Lorentz FRISCHHOLZ || Elisabeth || Glaubendorf || |- | Schirmitz || 1723-07-20 || Veit || HILBURGER || Johannes HILBURGER || Anna Magdalena || Schirmitz || Anna Elisabeth || LINDNER || Georg LINDNER || Elisabeth || Luhe || |- | Luhe || 1724-02-21 || Michael || HILBURGER || Johannes HILBURGER || Anna || Luhe? || Barbara || BIX || Balthasar BIX || Catharina || Luhe || |- | Nabburg || 1724-11-27 || Sebald || HILBURGER || Johannes HILBURGER || Eva || Pleystein || Catharina || RIBEL || Johannes RIBEL || Barbara || Nabburg || |- | Roggenstein || 1726-09-24 || Johann Georg || HILBURGER || Johannes HILBURGER || Margaretha LANG || Roggenstein || Barbara || OSTERREICHER || Matthias OSTERREICHER || Dorothea || Roggenstein || |- | Luhe || 1726-11-26 || Johann Georg || HILBURGER || Georg HILBURGER || Anna || Glaubendorf || Anna || FRISCHHOLZ || Johannes FRISCHHOLZ || Magdalena || Luhe || |- | Leuchtenberg || 1727-11-24 || Veit || HILBURGER || || || Vohenstrauss || Anna Margaretha || FRÖHLICH || Wolfgang FRÖHLICH || Eva Rosina STAINER || Leuchtenberg || |- | Oberköblitz || 1728-08-04 || Jacob || HILBURGER || Erhard HILBURGER || Apollonia ZILBAUER || Glaubendorf || Margaretha || TROIDL || Johannes TROIDL || Barbara || Oberköblitz || |- | Glaubendorf || 1731-01-23 || Johann Ernst || HILBURGER || Thomas HILBURGER || Helena ROGER || Glaubendorf || Maria Magdalena || FORSTER || Matthias FORSTER || Walburga WEISS || Michldorf || |- | Leuchtenberg || 1733-01-27 || Wolfgang || HILBURGER || Simon HILBURGER || Barbara || Michldorf || Margaretha || SERTL || || || || Groom widower |- | Glaubendorf || 1733-04-21 || Johann Jacob || HILBURGER || Erhard HILBURGER || Apollonia ZILBAUER || Glaubendorf || Maria || HOLZINGER || Georg HOLZINGER || Walburga || Luhe || |- | Roggenstein || 1734-02-24 || Georg || HILBURGER || Lorentz HILBURGER || Cunigunda WALDEN || Roggenstein || Veronica || HAGEN || || || || |- | Leuchtenberg || 1734-03-08 || Georg Michael || HILBURGER || Wolfgang HILBURGER || Catharina Barbara FORSTER || Leuchtenberg || Barbara || SCHMIDL || || || Leuchtenberg || |- | Leuchtenberg || 1735-01-31 || Conrad || HILBURGER || Thomas HILBURGER || Helena ROGER || Glaubendorf || Anna Margaretha || GRADL || Johannes GRADL || || Leuchtenberg || |- | Miesbrunn || 1735-02-21 || Johann Adam || HILBURGER || Johannes HILBURGER || Anna || Waidhaus || Eva Rosina || HAAS || Wolfgang HAAS || Ursula || Miesbrunn || |- | Schirmitz || 1736-01-31 || Lorentz || HILBURGER || Ulrich HILBURGER || Eva || Vohenstrauss || Catharina || CLAUSNER || Peter CLAUSNER || Barbara || Glaubendorf || |- | Moosbach || 1736-02-13 || Joseph || HILBURGER || Wolfgang HILBURGER || Catharina Barbara FORSTER || Leuchtenberg || Anna Maria || WILD || Christoph WILD || Catharina || Moosbach || |- | Glaubendorf || 1738-05-20 || Jacob || HILBURGER || Erhard HILBURGER || Apollonia ZILBAUER || Glaubendorf || Elisabeth || FLÄSSER || Michael FLÄSSER || Elisabeth || Glaubendorf || |- | Neunkirchen b. Weiden || 1739-11-24 || Adam || HILBURGER || Johannes HILBURGER || Margaretha KICK || Schirmitz || Anna Barbara || LANDGRAF || Johannes LANDGRAF || Sabina || Neunkirchen b. Weiden || |- | Glaubendorf || 1741-11-20 || Johannes || HILBURGER || Johannes HILBURGER || Margaretha WINTER || Glaubendorf || Anna Barbara || KEINL || Michael KEINL || Magdalena || Glaubendorf || |- | Tännesberg || 1742-01-14 || Leonhard || HILBURGER || Georg Wolfgang HILBURGER || Maria DONHAUSER || Schnaittenbach || Maria Elisabeth || FAUBENMERCKL || Christoph FAUBENMERCKL || Margaretha || Tännesberg || |- | Glaubendorf || 1742-08-21 || Bartholomaeus || HILBURGER || Erhard HILBURGER || Apollonia ZILBAUER || Glaubendorf || Magdalena || HAMMER || Johannes HAMMER || Margaretha || Leuchtenberg || |- | Schnaittenbach || 1743-11-26 || Caspar || HILBURGER || Georg Wolfgang HILBURGER || Maria DONHAUSER || Schnaittenbach || Johanna || GOETZ || Michael GOETZ || Catharina || Kemnath a. Buchberg || |- | Leuchtenberg || 1745-06-21 || Johann Michael || HILBURGER || Georg HILBURGER || Margaretha STRIGL || Leuchtenberg || Anna Margaretha || DEMLEUTHNER || || || Leuchtenberg || Groom widower |- | Miesbrunn || 1745-11-25 || Matthias || HILBURGER || || || || Froncia || FINZER || || || || |- | Floss || 1746-02-09 || Johann Wolfgang || HILBURGER || Andreas HILBURGER || Catharina || Floss || Anna Margaretha || GOELLER || Johann Wolfgang GOELLER || Anna Margaretha || Floss || |- | Neunkirchen b. Weiden || 1747-01-17 || Johann Wolfgang || HILBURGER || Veit HILBURGER || Anna Elisabeth LINDNER || Schirmitz || Anna Margaretha || BAUER || Georg BAUER || Catharina || Neunkirchen b. Weiden || Bride widow of Johannes BIRCKMILLER |- | Tännesberg || 1748-04-14 || Leonhard || HILBURGER || Georg Wolfgang HILBURGER || Maria DONHAUSER || Schnaittenbach || Maria Cunigunda || WEIDENAUER || Johann Wolfgang WEIDENAUER || Margaretha || Tännesberg || |- | Schirmitz || 1751-06-29 || Johannes || HILBURGER || Veit HILBURGER || Anna Elisabeth LINDNER || Schirmitz || Margaretha || KOLLER || Johannes KOLLER || Margaretha ROSNER || Schirmitz || |- | Schnaittenbach || 1752-09-21 || Urban || HILBURGER || Georg Wolfgang HILBURGER || Maria DONHAUSER || Schnaittenbach || Anna Catharina || DAUBENMAERCKL || Johann Christoph DAUBENMAERCKL || Anna Margaretha || Tännesberg || |- | Schirmitz || 1753-02-13 || Adam || HILBURGER || Johannes HILBURGER || Margaretha KICK || Schirmitz || Anna Elisabeth || PAUSCH || Johann Adam PAUSCH || Anna Margaretha GOLLWITZER || Neunkirchen b. Weiden || |- | Miesbrunn || 1755-10-07 || Matthias || HILBURGER || || || || Catharina || PRUCKNER || Johann Georg PRUCKNER || Barbara || Teunz || Groom widower |- | Pleystein || 1756-08-03 || Johannes || HILBURGER || || || Vohenstrauss || Anna Margaretha || KAPPL || Sebastian KAPPL || Anna || Vohenstrauss || Bride widow of Georg Adam LALL |- | Roggenstein || 1758-05-30 || Johannes || HILBURGER || Johannes HILBURGER || Magdalena || Roggenstein || Anna Margaretha || HORN || Georg HORN || Cunigunda || Roggenstein || |- | Floss || 1759-07-31 || Johann Wolfgang || HILBURGER || Andreas HILBURGER || Catharina || Floss || Anna Maria || LINDNER || Johann Michael LINDNER || Maria Anna || Floss || Groom widower |- | Neunkirchen b. Weiden || 1760-10-06 || Johann Veit || HILBURGER || Veit HILBURGER || Anna Elisabeth LINDNER || Schirmitz || Anna Barbara || SOMMER || Peter SOMMER || Barbara PAUSCH || Neunkirchen b. Weiden || |- | Leuchtenberg || 1760-11-04 || Johann Adam || HILBURGER || Veit HILBURGER || Anna Margaretha FRÖHLICH || Leuchtenberg || Anna Maria || SCHEIDL || Johannes SCHEIDL || Martha || Leuchtenberg || |- | Schirmitz || 1764-02-07 || Johannes || HILBURGER || Veit HILBURGER || Anna Elisabeth LINDNER || Schirmitz || Anna Barbara || SOMMER || Peter SOMMER || Barbara PAUSCH || Neunkirchen b. Weiden || |- | Glaubendorf || 1764-02-28 || Johannes || HILBURGER || Johannes HILBURGER || Margaretha WINTER || Glaubendorf || Anna Rosina || SEEL || Georg SEEL || Cunigunda || Glaubendorf || |- | Miesbrunn || 1764-09-25 || Johann Georg || HILBURGER || Johann Adam HILBURGER || Eva Rosina HAAS || Miesbrunn || Maria Anna || HUEBER || Michael HUEBER || || Unterauerbach || |- | Schnaittenbach || 1764-11-12 || Urban || HILBURGER || Georg Wolfgang HILBURGER || Maria DONHAUSER || Schnaittenbach || Magdalena || WEIGL || || || Hirschau || Groom widower, bride widow of Bartholomaeus PEZINGER |- | Floss || 1771-04-23 || Johann Wolfgang || HILBURGER || Andreas HILBURGER || Catharina || Floss || Catharina Margaretha || LINDNER || Johann Adam LINDNER || Anna || Püchersreuth || Groom widower |- | Oberköblitz || 1771-06-11 || Johann Martin || HILBURGER || Jacob HILBURGER || Margaretha TROIDL || Oberköblitz || Catharina || OSTERREICHER || Andreas OSTERREICHER || Barbara || Nabburg || |- | Glaubendorf || 1772-08-04 || Johann Bartholomaeus || HILBURGER || Jacob HILBURGER || Maria HOLZINGER || Glaubendorf || Maria || GOESL || Andreas GOESL || Magdalena HAMMER || Leuchtenberg || |- | Moosbach || 1773-02-04 || Joseph || HILBURGER || Wolfgang HILBURGER || Catharina Barbara FORSTER || Leuchtenberg || Anna Maria Magdalena || KOLL || Johannes KOLL || Maria Magdalena || Tännesberg || Groom widower |- | Leuchtenberg || 1773-02-16 || Johann Michael || HILBURGER || Conrad HILBURGER || Anna Margaretha GRADL || Leuchtenberg || Catharina || REIL || Michael REIL || Walburga STAHL || Michldorf || |- | Schirmitz || 1773-07-27 || Georg || HILBURGER || Jacob HILBURGER || Elisabeth || Schirmitz || Margaretha || WALDHIER || Wolfgang WALDHIER || Eva SCHWÄGERL || Roggenstein || Bride widow of Adam KOLLER |- | Miesbrunn || 1775-11-28 || Johann Georg || HILBURGER || Johann Adam HILBURGER || Eva Rosina HAAS || Miesbrunn || Margaretha || SALFET || Georg SALFET || Susanna || Püchersreuth? || Groom widower |- | Glaubendorf || 1776-08-05 || Stephan || HILBURGER || Johannes HILBURGER || Anna Barbara KEINL || Glaubendorf || Elisabeth || FRANZL || Johannes FRANZL || Eva BRAUN || Luhe || |- | Püchersreuth (Wilch.) || 1780-01-17 || Johann Michael || HILBURGER || Adam HILBURGER || Anna Barbara LANDGRAF || Neunkirchen b. Weiden || Elisabeth || ACKERMANN || Johannes ACKERMANN || || Neunkirchen b. Weiden || Bride widow of Jacob MAYER |- | Glaubendorf || 1780-05-31 || Erhard || HILBURGER || Jacob HILBURGER || Maria HOLZINGER || Glaubendorf || Barbara || BAUER || Johann Georg BAUER || Barbara MELLER || Glaubendorf || |- | Tännesberg || 1780-11-30 || Wilhelm || HILBURGER || Leonhard HILBURGER || Maria Cunigunda WEIDENAUER || Tännesberg || Barbara || GROSSER || Christoph GROSSER || Catharina || Tännesberg || |- | Schwandorf || 1784-10-21 || Franz Anton || HILBURGER || Conrad HILBURGER || Margaretha GRADL || Leuchtenberg || Maria Theresia || SCHROGER || Georg SCHROGER || Maria Anna || Schwandorf || Bride widow of Leonhard WAFFLER |- | Glaubendorf || 1785-06-14 || Johann Georg || HILBURGER || Johann Ernst HILBURGER || Maria Magdalena FORSTER || Glaubendorf || Maria Elisabeth || MEISSNER || Georg MEISSNER || Elisabeth HILBURGER || Glaubendorf || |- | Neunkirchen b. Weiden || 1787-02-13 || Johann Michael || HILBURGER || Adam HILBURGER || Anna Barbara LANDGRAF || Neunkirchen b. Weiden || Anna Margaretha || PAUSCH || Johann Adam PAUSCH || Maria Margaretha KRAPF || Schirmitz || |- | Glaubendorf || 1787-07-24 || Johann Georg || HILBURGER || Jacob HILBURGER || Elisabeth FLÄSSER || Glaubendorf || Margaretha || ROTHBALLER || Andreas ROTHBALLER || Barbara || Leuchtenberg || |- | Neunkirchen b. Weiden || 1789-10-27 || Johann Adam || HILBURGER || Johann Wolfgang HILBURGER || Anna Margaretha BAUER || Neunkirchen b. Weiden || Eva Margaretha || ADAM || Johann Georg ADAM || Margaretha BAUER || Luhe || |- | Pleystein || 1789-11-17 || Johann Georg || HILBURGER || Johannes HILBURGER || Anna Margaretha KAPPL || Pleystein || Catharina || BOEHM || Martin BOEHM || Margaretha WIDTMANN || Pleystein || |- | Miesbrunn || 1793-02-05 || Johann Michael || HILBURGER || Johann Georg HILBURGER || Maria Anna HUEBER || Miesbrunn || Catharina || KNOR || Michael KNOR || Maria Elisabeth MERDER || Miesbrunn || |- | Oberköblitz || 1796-08-16 || Andreas || HILBURGER || Martin HILBURGER || Catharina OSTERREICHER || Oberköblitz || Anna Catharina || KRUEG || Michael KRUEG || Margaretha MEILLER || Schirmitz || |- | Schirmitz || 1800-04-22 || Johannes || HILBURGER || Johannes HILBURGER || Margaretha KOLLER || Schirmitz || Catharina || LINDNER || Benedict LINDNER || Barbara STROEHL || Luhe || |- | Glaubendorf || 1801-03-11 || Johann Georg || HILBURGER || Johann Ernst HILBURGER || Maria Magdalena FORSTER || Glaubendorf || Anna Maria || KLEIN || Johannes KLEIN || Barbara HARDINGER || Glaubendorf || Groom widower |- | Böhmischbruck || 1802-09-11 || Georg Felix || HILBURGER || Johann Michael HILBURGER || Catharina REIL || Leuchtenberg || Elisabeth || VOITH || Georg VOITH || Rosina WINTER || Böhmischbruck || |- | Schirmitz || 1805-02-19 || Johannes || HILBURGER || Johannes HILBURGER || Anna Barbara SOMMER || Schirmitz || Walburga || KICK || Johannes KICK || Ursula ERMER || Luhe || |- | Leuchtenberg || 1806-02-04 || Felix || HILBURGER || Johann Michael HILBURGER || Catharina REIL || Leuchtenberg || Sophia || KRAUS || Johannes KRAUS || Walburga STAHL || Leuchtenberg || |- | Glaubendorf || 1807-02-09 || Johann Wolfgang || HILBURGER || Johann Bartholomaeus HILBURGER || Maria GOESL || Glaubendorf || Elisabeth || GRUBER || Georg GRUBER || Margaretha FRANZL || Luhe || |- | Floss || 1810-11-27 || Johann Adam || HILBURGER || Johann Wolfgang HILBURGER || Catharina Margaretha LINDNER || Floss || Anna Maria || WOLFRAM || Georg WOLFRAM || Magdalena LINDNER || Floss || |- | Glaubendorf || 1814-06-21 || Johann Michael || HILBURGER || Stephan HILBURGER || Elisabeth FRANZL || Glaubendorf || Susanna || MEISSNER || Wolfgang MEISSNER || Cunigunda RISS || Glaubendorf || |- | Floss || 1814-06-27 || Georg Bartholomaeus || HILBURGER || Johann Wolfgang HILBURGER || Catharina Margaretha LINDNER || Floss || Anna Catharina || STAUFER || Franz Xavier STAUFER || Margaretha BERTHREND || Floss || |- | Roggenstein || 1814-08-29 || Johann Joseph || HILBURGER || Johannes HILBURGER || Anna Barbara SOMMER || Schirmitz || Anna Maria || WALDHIER || Caspar WALDHIER || Maria Margaretha BOJER || Roggenstein || Bride widow of Erhard STADLER |- | Schirmitz || 1816-02-13 || Johann Michael || HILBURGER || Johannes HILBURGER || Anna Barbara SOMMER || Schirmitz || Barbara || KICK || Carl KICK || Barbara ROTT || Schirmitz || |- | Tännesberg || 1818-05-26 || Matthias || HILBURGER || Wilhelm HILBURGER || Barbara GROSSER || Tännesberg || Catharina || FRAUNDORFER || Augustin FRAUNDORFER || Eva BAUMLER || Tännesberg || |- | Tännesberg || 1819-05-26 || Johann Nepomucenus || HILBURGER || Wilhelm HILBURGER || Barbara GROSSER || Tännesberg || Anna || BURGER || Ignatz BURGER || Margaretha MERLAN || Tännesberg || |- | Glaubendorf || 1821-02-05 || Johann Michael || HILBURGER || Stephan HILBURGER || Elisabeth FRANZL || Glaubendorf || Catharina || FRISCHHOLZ || Caspar FRISCHHOLZ || Margaretha SCHROLL || Glaubendorf || |- | Leuchtenberg || 1823-04-29 || Johann Felix || HILBURGER || Johann Michael HILBURGER || Catharina REIL || Leuchtenberg || Rosina || GOETZ || Michael GOETZ || Catharina REIL || Leuchtenberg || |- | Böhmischbruck || 1825-10-02 || Georg Felix || HILBURGER || Johann Michael HILBURGER || Catharina REIL || Leuchtenberg || Maria Margaretha || DOBMEYER || Max DOBMEYER || Antonina WOLF || Pullenried || |- | Schirmitz || 1829-10-20 || Georg Stephan || HILBURGER || Johannes HILBURGER || Walburga KICK || Schirmitz || Maria Margaretha || WITTMANN || Johann Wolfgang WITTMANN || Anna OTT || Schirmitz || |- | Böhmischbruck || 1831-03-16 || Thomas || HILBURGER || Georg Felix HILBURGER || Elisabeth VOIT || Böhmischbruck || Maria Theresia || WILLAX || Christoph WILLAX || Maria SAGONER || Tännesberg || |- | Pleystein || 1833-01-29 || Adam || HILBURGER || Johann Georg HILBURGER || Catharina BOEHM || Pleystein || Franziska || SAUER || Johannes SAUER || Margaretha SAILER || Vohenstrauss || |- | Schirmitz || 1834-06-03 || Georg Stephan || HILBURGER || Johannes HILBURGER || Walburga KICK || Schirmitz || Eva Margaretha || BODENSTEINER || Bartholomaeus BODENSTEINER || Theresia BEER || Waldthurn || Groom widower |- | Glaubendorf || 1835-07-14 || Johann Baptist || HILBURGER || Johann Georg HILBURGER || Margaretha ROTHBALLER || Glaubendorf || Maria Anna || PAULUS || Paul PAULUS || Cecelia MULZBAUER || Leuchtenberg || |- | Glaubendorf || 1835-11-24 || Johann Baptist || HILBURGER || Johann Georg HILBURGER || Margaretha ROTHBALLER || Glaubendorf || Margaretha || GRUBER || Michael GRUBER || Barbara BOJER || Roggenstein || |- | Schirmitz || 1837-02-06 || Simon || HILBURGER || Felix HILBURGER || Sophia KRAUS || Leuchtenberg || Margaretha || SCHREIBER || || || Schirmitz || Bride widow of Johannes POELL |- | Floss || 1841-01-12 || Martin || HILBURGER || Johann Adam HILBURGER || Anna Maria WOLFRAM || Floss || Anna Maria || GRIEB || Anton GRIEB || Anna Maria SUSS || Pleystein || |- | Roggenstein || 1841-08-31 || Simon || HILBURGER || Felix HILBURGER || Sophia KRAUS || Leuchtenberg || Margaretha || BETZ || Adam BETZ || Catharina STARGLBAUER || Roggenstein || Groom widower |- | Gleiritsch || 1844-04-24 || Georg Paul || HILBURGER || Johann Georg HILBURGER || Anna Maria KLEIN || Glaubendorf || Maria Catharina || BETZ || Johannes BETZ || Eva Barbara HERRMANN || Gleiritsch || |- | Floss || 1846-01-27 || Johann Adam || HILBURGER || Georg Bartholomaeus HILBURGER || Anna Catharina STAUFER || Floss || Sophia || LINDNER || Paul LINDNER || Sabina HOELLNER || || |- | Leuchtenberg || 1847-11-16 || Georg || HILBURGER || Felix HILBURGER || Sophia KRAUS || Leuchtenberg || Franziska || GRESSER || Johannes GRESSER || Anna SCHAEL || Moosbach || |- | Schirmitz || 1848-07-05 || Wolfgang Bartholomaeus || HILBURGER || Johannes HILBURGER || Walburga KICK || Schirmitz || Rosina || BODENSTEINER || Bartholomaeus BODENSTEINER || Theresia BEER || Waldthurn || |- | Schirmitz || 1849-05-01 || Georg || HILBURGER || Johannes HILBURGER || Walburga KICK || Schirmitz || Ursula || SCHARBAUER || Paul SCHARBAUER || Catharina BAUER || Schirmitz || |- | Schirmitz || 1851-06-17 || Johann Michael || HILBURGER || Johannes HILBURGER || Catharina LINDNER || Schirmitz || Anna Maria || FISCHER || Andreas FISCHER || Maria Anna KICK || Schirmitz || 3rd degree relationship |- | Leuchtenberg || 1852-02-17 || Johann Georg || HILBURGER || Johann Felix HILBURGER || Rosina GOETZ || Leuchtenberg || Rosina || GOETZ || Johannes GOETZ || Barbara FORSTER || Leuchtenberg || |- | Glaubendorf || 1852-06-30 || Georg Peter || HILBURGER || Johann Wolfgang HILBURGER || Elisabeth GRUBER || Glaubendorf || Elisabeth || GOETZ || Caspar GOETZ || Elisabeth KICK || Michldorf || |- | Glaubendorf || 1854-06-13 || Georg Peter || HILBURGER || Johann Wolfgang HILBURGER || Elisabeth GRUBER || Glaubendorf || Maria Anna || BAUER || Erhard BAUER || Rosina PREISLING || Glaubendorf || |- | Glaubendorf || 1858-06-08 || Johannes || HILBURGER || Johann Wolfgang HILBURGER || Elisabeth GRUBER || Glaubendorf || Catharina || HILBURGER || Johann Baptist HILBURGER || Margaretha GRUBER || Glaubendorf || |- | Böhmischbruck || 1864-06-12 || Johannes || HILBURGER || || Elisabeth Barbara HILBURGER || Böhmischbruck || Margaretha || KARL || Johannes KARL || Magdalena KRAUS || Böhmischbruck || |- | Böhmischbruck || 1867-05-21 || Johann Georg || HILBURGER || Thomas HILBURGER || Maria Theresia WILLAX || Böhmischbruck || Margaretha || FORSTER || Nicolaus FORSTER || Cunigunda HÖSL || Miesbrunn || |- | Leuchtenberg || 1868-02-03 || Georg || HILBURGER || Felix HILBURGER || Sophia KRAUS || Leuchtenberg || Barbara || ZIMMERMANN || Georg ZIMMERMANN || Catharina STANGL || Leuchtenberg || |- | Roggenstein || 1869-02-03 || Johann Georg || HILBURGER || Wolfgang Bartholomaeus HILBURGER || Rosina BODENSTEINER || Waldthurn || Anna || GIRLER || Johannes GIRLER || || Roggenstein || |- | Glaubendorf || 1869-05-11 || Leonhard || HILBURGER || Johannes HILBURGER || Anna PAULUS || Glaubendorf || Margaretha || BODENSTEINER || Martin BODENSTEINER || Rosina KRAPF || Leuchtenberg || |- | Glaubendorf || 1869-10-10 || Johann Baptist || HILBURGER || Johann Georg HILBURGER || Margaretha ROTHBALLER || Glaubendorf || Barbara || LANDGRAF || Michael LANDGRAF || Elisabeth LINDNER || Glaubendorf || Groom widower, bride widow of [no first name] FORSTER |- | Floss || 1873-11-24 || Michael || HILBURGER || || || Rottenburg || Maria Theresia || SAILER || || || Rottenburg || Groom Schneider in Stuttgart |- | Floss || 1875-04-13 || Georg Michael || HILBURGER || Johann Adam HILBURGER || Sophia LINDNER || Floss || Rosina || STRIGL || Joseph STAHL || Margaretha STRIGL || Pleystein || |- | Leuchtenberg || 1875-08-24 || Georg Adam || HILBURGER || Georg HILBURGER || Franziska GRESSER || Leuchtenberg || Margaretha || HILBURGER || || Anna HILBURGER || Leuchtenberg || |- | Glaubendorf || 1877-08-07 || Paul || HILBURGER || Georg Paul HILBURGER || Maria Catharina BETZ || Niedermurach || Margaretha || BALK || Johannes BALK || Margaretha KRAPF || Glaubendorf || |- | Floss || 1877-11-27 || Franz Xavier || HILBURGER || Johann Adam HILBURGER || Sophia LINDNER || Floss || Theresia || LUKAS || Christoph LUKAS || Anna Maria FRANKL || Floss || |- | Nabburg || 1879-01-08 || Lorentz || HILBURGER || Andreas HILBURGER || Johanna RIPPL || || Barbara || BAUER || Franz Johann BAUER || Anna KINNER || Nabburg || |- | Roggenstein || 1879-06-10 || Leonhard || HILBURGER || Wolfgang Bartholomaeus HILBURGER || Rosina BODENSTEINER || Roggenstein || Maria Anna || KICK || Georg Adam KICK || Ursula SCHARBAUER || Schirmitz || |- | Glaubendorf || 1882-06-19 || Paul || HILBURGER || Georg Paul HILBURGER || Maria Catharina BETZ || Niedermurach || Elisabeth || MAIER || Michael MAIER || Anna BRUNN || Weidenthal || |- | Leuchtenberg || 1883-01-30 || Ignatz || HILBURGER || Georg HILBURGER || Franziska GRESSER || Leuchtenberg || Carolina || TROIDL || Georg TROIDL || Margaretha FRISCHHOLZ || Tännesberg || |- | Glaubendorf || 1884-05-06 || Johann Baptist || HILBURGER || Paul HILBURGER || Catharina BETZ || Niedermurach || Anna || SCHEIDLER || Bartholomaeus SCHEIDLER || Anna HELMRICH || Glaubendorf || |- | Schirmitz || 1888-06-12 || Johannes || HILBURGER || Johann Michael HILBURGER || Anna Maria FISCHER || Schirmitz || Theresia || IRLBACHER || Georg IRLBACHER || Margaretha WURZER || Luhe || |- | Schirmitz || 1888-08-07 || Georg || HILBURGER || Johann Michael HILBURGER || Anna Maria FISCHER || Schirmitz || Anna Ursula || SCHARBAUER || Lorentz SCHARBAUER || Barbara SCHIMMEL || Schirmitz || |- | Glaubendorf || 1892-05-10 || Johann Baptist || HILBURGER || Paul HILBURGER || Catharina BETZ || Niedermurach || Anna || ANZER || Paul ANZER || Anna LEYERER || Oberköblitz || |- | Glaubendorf || 1893-01-12 || Leonhard || HILBURGER || Johannes HILBURGER || Anna PAULUS || Glaubendorf || Margaretha || WURZER || Johannes WURZER || Theresia VOELKL || Vohenstrauss || Groom widower |- | Glaubendorf || 1897-08-02 || Johann Baptist || HILBURGER || Paul HILBURGER || Catharina BETZ || Niedermurach || Barbara || ANZER || Paul ANZER || Anna LEYERER || Oberköblitz || |- | Glaubendorf || 1901-10-15 || Johannes || HILBURGER || Georg Peter HILBURGER || Maria Anna BAUER || Glaubendorf || Anna || KIENER || Andreas KIENER || Barbara FRISCHHOLZ || Glaubendorf || |- | Floss || 1907-04-10 || Friedrich || HILBURGER || Franz Xavier HILBURGER || Theresia LUKAS || Floss || Maria || GIRTLHUBER || || || || |- | Glaubendorf || 1909-07-27 || Andreas || HILBURGER || Leonhard HILBURGER || Margaretha BODENSTEINER || Glaubendorf || Barbara || BAUER || Johannes BAUER || Anna REIL || Glaubendorf || |}[[#top|Back to top of page]]
Sources
The following Catholic Parish registers are included in this transcription project: # [https://data.matricula-online.eu/de/deutschland/regensburg/boehmischbruck/ Böhmischbruck] # [https://data.matricula-online.eu/de/deutschland/regensburg/doellnitz/ Döllnitz] # [https://data.matricula-online.eu/de/deutschland/regensburg/glaubendorf/ Glaubendorf] # [https://data.matricula-online.eu/de/deutschland/regensburg/leuchtenberg/ Leuchtenberg] # [https://data.matricula-online.eu/de/deutschland/regensburg/luhe/ Luhe] # [https://data.matricula-online.eu/de/deutschland/regensburg/michldorf/ Michldorf] # [https://data.matricula-online.eu/de/deutschland/regensburg/neunkirchen-bei-weiden/ Neunkirchen bei Weiden] # [https://data.matricula-online.eu/de/deutschland/regensburg/oberkoeblitz/ Oberköblitz] # [https://data.matricula-online.eu/de/deutschland/regensburg/pleystein/ Pleystein] # [https://data.matricula-online.eu/de/deutschland/regensburg/roggenstein/ Roggenstein] # [https://data.matricula-online.eu/de/deutschland/regensburg/schirmitz/ Schirmitz] # [https://data.matricula-online.eu/de/deutschland/regensburg/schnaittenbach/ Schnaittenbach] # [https://data.matricula-online.eu/de/deutschland/regensburg/taennesberg/ Tännesberg] [[#top|Back to top of page]] | [[#Baptisms|Baptisms]] | [[#Marriages|Marriages]]Baxter Letters
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Bay of Quinte
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Bayeux Tapestry
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Bayfield County, Wisconsin
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Bayfield Homestead
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57 Land Office Day Book, under date of Dec. 29, 1746, appears this entry:Who was Martin Bear, Sr. implied by the quote from December 29, 1746? The only man identified so far who fits is [[Bär-530|Martin Bär (abt.1680-bef.1758)]]. This Henry’s wife was Barbara Eby, daughter of Durst (profiles at [[Eby-343|Barbara D. (Eby) Baer]] and [[Eby-1303|Barbara Eby]]. She was the sister of [[Eby-515|Hannes Eby (1685-1746)]] and [[Eby-245|Peter Eby (1690-1749)]], the two sequential executors of his will (not found), Peter Eby eventually acting on behalf of his nephew Martin. His son George probably was the owner of parcels in Earl very close to those of Martin. Here is a timeline relating to the ownership of those parcels: *May 20, 1717, John Frederichfels warranted 150 acres on the western side of Earl Township. (Survey '''D82-46'''). *February 20, 1734: Henry Bear warranted 53 acres abutting D82-46 (Survey '''A75-270'''). see survey A75-270 at https://www.phmc.state.pa.us/bah/dam/rg/di/r17-114CopiedSurveyBooks/Book%20%20A1-A89/Book%20A-75/Book%20A-75%20pg%20542.pdf. *April 4, 1736, Martin Bear patented 150-acre Survey '''D82-46'''. See survey D82-46 at https://www.phmc.state.pa.us/bah/dam/rg/di/r17-114CopiedSurveyBooks/Books%20D1-D90/Book%20D82/Book%20D-82%20pg%2091.pdf, and see reference to Patent A12-376 at https://www.phmc.state.pa.us/bah/dam/rg/di/r17PatentIndexes/A-AAPatentIndex19.pdf. which names the warrantee Frederichfels. *April 13, 1742: Henry Bear is shown on an abutting survey as owning '''D82-46'''. See survey A76-211at https://www.phmc.state.pa.us/bah/dam/rg/di/r17-114CopiedSurveyBooks/Book%20%20A1-A89/Book%20A-76/Book%20A-76%20pg%20424.pdf. That is probably this Henry who had already died. *January 22, 1745 Martin Bear patented the 53 acres ('''A75-270''') (Patent A12-378). *February 20, 1734, Jacob Bear warranted 152 acres (see survey '''A88-169''') adjacent to the other two parcels (D82-46 and A75-270). Jacob Bear patented the lot on July 2, 1765 (Patent AA6-303.) This Jacob looks like [[Bar-558|Jacob Bar (aft.1700-1769)]], based on his will, relationship to this Henry not known. *To the east of this cluster of parcels are other adjacent parcels. *November 26, 1764, George Bear patented 94 acres, survey '''A46-58''' in Earl (Patent AA6-52). He and his wife Christiana later sold this and additional land to George Jr. Deed GG-198, 12-30-1786, which consisted of 158 acres according to the deed and combines two lots - shown as Burchard & Heighley 94 & 64 acres on the warrant map. *November 6, 1766, George Bear patented the abutting 110 acres, survey '''A50-292''', called “the Third Purchase.” Patent AA8-289. In 1741, per abutting survey A46-58, it was possessed by a Henry Bear. Note: one George Beard (aka Barr on several surveys) warranted 250 acres in Upper Leacock on January 8, 1733, next to Samuel Bear (survey '''A84-168'''), patented January 23, 1740 (Patent A9-262), any relationship to George Bear not known. Best shows the Henry Bear of Earl who died by December 26, 1738 (#BA5177) having sons Martin (BA5177.1) ([[Bear-636|Martin Bear (abt.1720-1792)]]), George (BA5177.3) ([[Bear-337|George Bear (1722-1811)]]) and others. See above excerpt from Best article ''Anabaptist Families'' in 1994 that mentions him, but may not be correct. In the Groff Book, Best shows BA5177 with a younger brother, also named Henry (BA5170), which is actually this same man. At least some of the information in the following excerpt from ''Bear Saga Update: Part 3'' is incorrect. "Hans Heinrich Bar was 21 years old and living at Ober Albis in 1709. He was probably the Henry Pare who in 1717 warranted 424 acres with Michael Shenk in what is now the city of Lancaster. In 1728 his wife's name was Barbara, who was probably Barbara Schenk. By 1734 his wife's name was Barbara Eby, daughter of Theodorus Eby and his first wife. He was naturalized on February 14, 1729, as John Henry Bare. He participated with John Fredericksfulls and Peter Bellar in a 3-way arrangement that traded the land in the city for 200 acres in Earl Township, where he died in 1738." ''Bear Saga Update: Part 3'' by Jane Evans Best, in Pennsylvania Mennonite Heritage, January 1999. The Henry Pare in the City of Lancaster in 1717 was the man whose will was proved in Hempfield in 1750 (see below and see Lancaster Deed UU-248), not the man who died in 1738. Also note: The land in the City of Lancaster was a 423 acre parcel warranted by Michael Shank and Henry Pare (apparently [[Baer-1665|Heinrich Baer (1695-abt.1750)]]) on September 27, 1717, surveyed at D78-239 and patented by them on December 31, 1717, 200 acres of which they sold to Peter Beller on September 2, 1728 per Lancaster Deeds EE-383 and EE-384. See Survey D78-239 at https://www.phmc.state.pa.us/bah/dam/rg/di/r17-114CopiedSurveyBooks/Books%20D1-D90/Book%20D78/Book%20D-78%20pg%20477.pdf and Lancaster Warrant Map at https://www.phmc.state.pa.us/bah/dam/rg/di/r17-522WarranteeTwpMaps/r017-Map2828-Lancaster-ConestogaManorWeb.pdf. It has not been determined what role John Fredericksfulls played in that transaction, if any. On December 5, 1749, Henry Bare had two minor children over 14 named John and Christian and two minor children under 14 named Michael and Elizabeth. Wevodau, Edward N. ''Abstracts of Lancaster County, PA Orphans Court Records 1742-1767'', page 19. '''Henry Bear whose will was probated in Hempfield in 1750'''. Best #: ?BA1244 (son of Galli, but not proven) Wikitree profile: [[Baer-1665]] * Lancaster Deeds G-28 and G-33 (pertaining to the distribution of 454 acres of land in Conestoga, in 1759) made in 1759 and registered in 1759, between the heirs of Henry Bare. Recite that : Henry held 300 acres of land in Conestoga Twp and 154 acres on Little Conestoga Creek. In his will he conveyed 200 acres to his son Henry and 250 acres to his son Benjamin. Henry’s heirs are named as : # Henry Bare and wife Elizabeth (According to ''Descendants of Benjamin Witmer of Lampeter Township'', his first wife was Elizabeth Eshleman, d/o Daniel, and his second wife, who is named in his will, was Margaret Lichty - her will was proved November 27, 1818.) # Benjamin Bare and wife Maria # Magdalena (late Bare) and husband Henry Neff # Anna (late Bare) and husband Peter Brubaker # Barbara (late Bare) and husband Christian Coffman # Fronica (late Bare) and husband Andrew Coffman # Elizabeth (late Bare) and husband Henry Brubaker # John Bare and wife Anna # Mary Bare # Martin Bare * Lancaster Deed H-178, made in 1761 and registered in 1761 (pertaining to the distribution of 150 acres of land in Earl Twp, in 1761) between the heirs of Henry Bare of Hempfield recites that: Henry patented 150 acres in Earl Twp (patent A7-10), being part of the 5,000-acre tract granted to Martin Kundig and Hans Heer, and in his will bequeathed the land to his son Martin. [This info needs checking.] Heirs are named as : # Henry Bare and wife Elizabeth # Benjamin Bare and wife Maria # Magdalena (late Bare) and husband Henry Neff # Anna (late Bare) and husband Peter Brubaker # Barbara (late Bare) and husband Christian Coffman # Fronica (late Bare) and husband Andrew Coffman # Elizabeth (late Bare) and husband Henry Brubaker # John Bare and wife Anna # Mary (late Bare) and husband Jacob Brubaker # Martin Bare. '''NOTE''': This Deed H-178 needs review (not found). Patent A7-10 is for a 150 acre parcel in Warwick, not Earl, that was part of the 5,000 acre Kundig/Herr warrant. See Survey D78-37 at https://www.phmc.state.pa.us/bah/dam/rg/di/r17-114CopiedSurveyBooks/Books%20D1-D90/Book%20D78/Book%20D-78%20pg%2073.pdf on Warwick Warrant Map at https://www.phmc.state.pa.us/bah/dam/rg/di/r17-522WarranteeTwpMaps/r017Map2846LancasterWarwickWeb.pdf. Henry Bear who died with the probated will in 1750 left his son Martin all his land in Warwick, not Earl. *all the deeds identify the children of Henry Bare of Hempfield as : # Henry Bare and wife Elizabeth - Henry inherited 200 acres in Conestoga / Hempfield # Benjamin Bare and wife Maria - Benjamin inherited 250 acres in Conestoga / Hempfield # Magdalena (late Bare) and husband Henry Neff # Anna (late Bare) and husband Peter Brubaker # Barbara (late Bare) and husband Christian Coffman # Fronica (late Bare) and husband Andrew Coffman # Elizabeth (late Bare) and husband Henry Brubaker # John Bare and wife Anna # Mary (late Bare) and husband Jacob Brubaker - Note the 1759 deeds do not name Mary's husband, but the 1761 deed does. It's assumed that she and Jacob married c.1760. # Martin Bare - Martin inherited the land in Earl Twp. *The same 10 children as listed above, and their spouses, are also identified, with dates and a lot of other information, in ''Descendants of Benjamin Witmer of Lampeter Township, Lancaster County, Pennsylvania: Part 1'' by Phillip E. Bedient. Bedient, Phillip E. ''Descendants of Benjamin Witmer of Lampeter Township, Lancaster County, Pennsylvania: Part 1''. Pennsylvania Mennonite Heritage Volume XIV, Number 2, April 1991, p. 12 * From Lancaster Deed UU-248 dated May 21 1796, it is clear that the Henry Bear who wrote his will February 27, 1749 and proved July 18, 1750, leaving land to his son Henry (whose executors are the grantors of the deed), is the same man as Henry Bear, aka Henry Pare, to whom the Proprietors granted a) 300 acres on a branch of the Conestoga on June 20, 1718; and b) 154 acres in Hempfied on November 10, 1741. These two abutting parcels are on the East Hempfield Warrant Map. [The family of the SON Henry is also well laid out in this deed. He wrote his will November 9, 1793, had wife Margaret and children Barbara, w/o Martin Mylin; Ann, w/o John Seman; Elizabeth, w/o Martin Bear; Martin; and deceased son John, who left a daughter Elizabeth.] * Meyers-3406: If Henry died in 1750, but his heirs did not sign deeds conveying ownership of their father's lands until 1759, was this because several of them were still minors in 1750? It's likely that Mary (assumed to have married c.1760) was born c.1735-1740, so she was almost certainly a minor in 1750. And, if this was the case, does it then seem likely that this Henry is also the man whose 4 children were given into the guardianship of Andrew Schultz in Dec 1749 (see notes above for [[Bear-1348|Bear-1348]])? ** Risso-29: The problem with this idea is that there is additional information about the Orphans' Court record that wasn't added yet: On December 5, 1749, Henry Bare had two minor children over 14 named John and Christian and two minor children below 14 named Michael and Elizabeth. So the children's names don't match the children in the other Henry's will - no Christian or Michael there. ''Abstracts of Lancaster County, PA Orphans Court Records'', page 19. ** Meyers-3406 : So this means there was one man named Henry Bear who died in Lancaster County in 1749 (leaving 4 minor children) and another who made his will in 1749 (distributing land in Hempfield), and they are not the same person. '''Jacob Bear who had 600 acres surveyed for him on June 21, 1721, in what is today Upper Leacock.''' Best #: BA5172 Possible Wikitree profiles: [[Bär-198]], [[Bar-177]] *See survey B8-105 at https://www.phmc.state.pa.us/bah/dam/rg/di/r17-114CopiedSurveyBooks/Books%20B1-B23/Book%20B-08/Book%20B08%20212.pdf. See also Upper Leacock Warrant Map at https://www.phmc.state.pa.us/bah/dam/rg/di/r17-522WarranteeTwpMaps/r017Map2845LancasterUpperLeacockWeb.pdf. *This Jacob of Upper Leacock seems like a good fit to be the Jacob who emigrated from Duhren in 1719 with wife Barbara (she was pretty definitely Barbara Frederick, d/o Isaac) and eight children Anna, Samuel, Veronica, Margaretha, Barbara, Jacob, Elisabeth and Magdelana. Burgert, Annette Kunselman. Eighteenth Century Emigrants from German-Speaking Lands to North America. Publications of the Pennsylvania German Society, 16/19. Birdsboro, PA: The Pennsylvania German Society. Vol. 1: The Northern Kraichgau. 1983. Page 432. Best, in the Groff Book Volume II, says that Hans Jakob Bear (Best #BA5172) (bp 3/18/1677 Hausen) is that man. She also has a record for a younger brother Jagely Bar (Best #BA5174) (bp 12/30/1683, Hausen) both sons of Hans Bear (BA517). Her info on the two men is similar (Jacob sold his Leacock tract in 1740; Jagely warranted 600 acres in Leacock in 1721 and moved from Leacock in 1740) so I’m wondering if maybe only one of the two brothers came to Leacock, Pennsylvania. *In 1741 an Abraham Bear (profiles at [[Baer-293]] and [[Bär-204]] possessed a 441-acre portion of Jacob’s 600 acre property in Upper Leacock. He was probably another, younger, son of Jacob. *A Jagely/Jacob is presently shown as the father of the brothers [[Bär-354|Jacob Bär (1724-1788)]] and [[Baer-279|John (Baer) Bär (abt.1726-1791)]] of Rockingham County, Virginia, but I haven’t found evidence that this is correct, or that their father also went to Virginia. According to their Wikitree profiles, they were both naturalized, John was a native of Switzerland (per court order for his naturalization), and Jacob was Reformed (whereas the 1719 Duhren emigrant Jacob was a Mennonite farmer). '''Many other men named Jacob Baer (with many last name variants) of Lancaster County need to be sorted''': *Jacob Baer/Bähr arrived on the ship Molly in 1727 with Samuel Bare/Behr (both men’s names are spelled differently on the two lists). His signature on the passenger list matches his signature on his will. See [[Bar-558]]; *Jacob Bear, son of Henry, died intestate in Earl in about 1736 (see [[Bär-620]]). *Jacob Bear warranted 221 acres in today's Warwick, on a Branch of the Conestoga, on January 21, 1733. See survey A64-211. A new warrant was issued to George Cline on May 29, 1741. The parcel is next to the parcel where [[Bar-176|Veronica (Bar) Hess (1707-1760)]], daughter of [[Bar-177|Hans Jacob (Bar), lived with her husband [[Hess-591|Jacob Hess (1706-1744)]]. *Jacob Bear warranted 200 acres (150 acres per survey) in Donegal on March 25, 1738. See survey A76-28. Returned to him on December 23, 1743. This land is in today's Elizabeth Township. See survey A76-28 at https://www.phmc.state.pa.us/bah/dam/rg/di/r17-114CopiedSurveyBooks/Book%20%20A1-A89/Book%20A-76/Book%20A-76%20pg%2058.pdf and Elizabeth Warrant Map at https://www.phmc.state.pa.us/bah/dam/rg/di/r17-522WarranteeTwpMaps/r017Map2825LancasterElizabethWeb.pdf. *Jacob Bare warranted 400 acres in Manheim on May 28, 1743, settled in 1731. This land shows on two surveys (A84-131 and A84-150). The northern parcel was later possessed by Isaac Bare (see [[Bear-209]]). The southern parcel was later possessed by John Bare. One Samuel Bear and his wife Margaret may also have possessed some or all of the southern parcel. On May 12, 1768 they signed a mortgage for one acre that refers to abutting land of Isaac Bare (see mortgage in Lancaster deed Book M-426 and see [[Bare-918]]. This seems most likely to be [[Bar-217]]. *Jacob Bear, Sr. is named in the will of Samuel Bear, written in today’s Ephrata Township (then Cocalico) on May 26, 1743. This man seems most likely to be [[Bar-177|Hans Jacob (Bar) Bär (1677-1759)]]. *Jacob Bear warranted 169 acres in today’s Clay Township on April 7, 1735 (see survey A88-117), adjacent to a parcel warranted by George Blazranner on July 4, 1743 (#10, see survey A88-109). On Blazranner’s survey dated November 27, 1745, Jacob Bear’s parcel was already possessed by George Blazranner. Best refers to sale by Jacob Bear to Georg Blaze Rener on December 9, 1752, but no deed found yet. *John Jacob Bear, Samuel Bear and Sebastian Concord (Conyard), on January 28, 1746, witnessed a deed from Abraham Bear and his wife Frena. This seems most likely to be [[Bar-217]]. *Jacob Bear warranted land in today's Earl Township on February 20, 1734. He is the same man who wrote his will in Earl Township dated October 27, 1769, proved December 7, 1769. His survey at A88-169 on the Earl Warrant Map, shows him next to Martin Bear and also Michael Graybill (#18). He named Michael as his neighbor (and executor) in his will. See [[Bar-558]]; *Jacob Barr wrote his will in Bart Township dated Mary 15, 1803, proved November 1, 1803 (H-393) mentioning wife Anna and “children of my first wife” and “my wife’s children”. See [[Barr-376]]. '''Samuel Bear who died in Cocalico (probably today Ephrata Township) with will date May 26, 1743 and proved September 16, 1743 naming siblings''' Best #: ?BA1242, son of Galli, but unproven. Wikitree profile: [[Bar-123]] *See records on [[Bar-123]]. Samuel left a will naming a '''Jacob Sr.''' and also his siblings: deceased brother Michael; Henry, his executor; and the children and grandchildren of an unnamed sister (probably Ann), wife of Jacob Baumann ([[Bowman-7415]]) - Samuel Baumann and Ann, wife of Tobias Horse, and her children Joseph Horse and Mary Horse. '''Samuel Bear who received patented land in today's Conestoga Township in 1741, probably the same man who witnessed a deed in 1746.''' Best #5172.2, shown as son of Jacob, the 1719 Duhren emigrant. Wikitree profiles: [[Bar-219]] and [[Bare-169]] *See information at [[Bar-219]]. '''Michael Bear who died intestate in what is today West Earl before June, 1741.''' Probably the brother of the above Samuel Bear. Best #: ?BA1243, son of Galli, but unproven Wikitree profile: [[Baer-367]] *See records on [[Baer-367]] '''Abraham Bear who obtained a new warrant on June 10, 1741 for a 441.58-acre portion of Jacob Bear’s land in Upper Leacock''' Best #: ?BA5174.1 Wikitree profiles: [[Baer-293]], [[Bär-204]] *On June 10, 1741 Abraham obtained a new warrant for a 441.58 acre portion of Jacob Bear’s 600 acre tract in Upper Leacock. See survey B8-125 at https://www.phmc.state.pa.us/bah/dam/rg/di/r17-114CopiedSurveyBooks/Books%20B1-B23/Book%20B-08/Book%20B08%20212.pdf. On February 10, 1733, this portion was still possessed by Jacob Bear. See survey of abutting land C105-175 at https://www.phmc.state.pa.us/bah/dam/rg/di/r17-114CopiedSurveyBooks/Books%20C1-C234/Book%20C105/Book%20C-105%20pg%20349.pdf. *On January 28, 1746, Abraham sold some of this land (82 acres and 67 acres) to his brother-in-law [[Bar-202|Heinrich (Bar) Baer (1715-1771)]]. ''The Genealogy of Henry Baer of Leacock, Pennsylvania (Baer-Bear-Bare)''. According to Willis N. Baer, this Henry Baer was from a branch of the Baer family that is unrelated or only distantly related to Jacob. Willis N. Baer concluded that he was from Ottenbach, Switzerland, didn’t arrive until 1739 (on the Lydia) and his ancestors can be traced back several generations in Ottenbach. So Abraham may not have been closely related (biologically) to his brother-in-law, but more research is needed. *One Abraham Beer arrived in 1733 on the Brigantine John, next to [[Quattlebaum-100|Petter Quattlebaum (1698-1748)]]. Maybe unrelated. '''Martin Bear, Mennonite Minister, died leaving a will in Lampeter (today East Lampeter) in 1758''' Best #: BD12 Wikitree profile: [[Bär-530]] – sourced and looks accurate. No duplicates found. *He acquired a 400-acre parcel in East Lampeter (part of the London Co. parcel) from the members of the London Company on March 14, 1722 (see his profile at [[Bär-530]]). *He appears to be only remotely related to the other men here, although he also came from Ittlingen and arrived at about the same time – between 14 May 1715 and March 14, 1722. '''SOURCES'''
"John Frederickfulls and Anthony Pretter, 300 acres in Black Walnut Bottom, now called Erle township, granted in 1717. Paid in full to Logan, Esq. 30 pounds."
"N. B. Pretter obtained a patent for 150 acres, Mar. 4, 1736, Martin Bear '''Jr.''', for the other 150 acres, April 5, 1746, in the right of Frederickfulls."
Frederickful sold this land to Peter Bellar, who sold to Henry Bear, '''Jr.''' After his death in 1736, it descended to Martin, his son. John Eby was the executor of Bear's will, but died before 1746; Peter Eby, as executor of John, his brother, acting in the behalf of Martin Bear. Black Walnut Bottom was immediately north of Peter's Road, near Eby's or the Dutch Mill.Brackbill, Martin Hervin. ''Peter Bezaillon's Road''. LancasterHistory website at https://collections.lancasterhistory.org/media/library/docs/edit_vol43no1pp1_48.pdf
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Beasley Y-STR Teal Group
Inbound links: 0
Stars: 🟊🟊🟊🟊🟊 40 views
Saved: 2 Jan 2022
Touched: 2 Jan 2022
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Beasley Y-STR Yellow Group
Inbound links: 0
Stars: 🟊🟊🟊🟊🟊 64 views
Saved: 4 Feb 2023
Touched: 4 Feb 2023
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Beaton Family Mysteries
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Stars: 🟊🟊🟊🟊🟊 138 views
Saved: 8 Aug 2018
Touched: 8 Aug 2018
Watch List: 1
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Beau
Inbound links: 1
Stars: 🟊🟊🟊🟊🟊 all views 1221
Saved: 18 Jun 2019
Touched: 18 Jun 2019
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Beaufort Wes Doopregister
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Stars: 🟊🟊🟊🟊🟊 37 views
Saved: 27 Nov 2019
Touched: 27 Nov 2019
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Burgersdorp_Doopregister-1.jpg
Beaufort_Wes_Doopregister-1.jpg
Beaufort_Wes_Doopregister.jpg
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Beaufort_Wes_Doopregister-5.jpg
Beaufort Wes Dope
Inbound links: 1
Stars: 🟊🟊🟊🟊🟊 173 views
Saved: 14 Jul 2022
Touched: 14 Jul 2022
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[https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/3:1:S3HY-6573-XW2?i=3&cc=1392488&cat=2357440 1819] [https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/3:1:S3HY-6573-XQQ?i=19&cc=1392488&cat=2357440 1820] [https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/3:1:S3HY-6573-X7L?i=34&cc=1392488&cat=2357440 1821] [https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/3:1:S3HY-6573-XPR?i=50&cc=1392488&cat=2357440 1822] [https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/3:1:S3HY-6573-XN7?i=64&cc=1392488&cat=2357440 1823] [https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/3:1:S3HY-6573-X3Q?i=78&cc=1392488&cat=2357440 1824] [https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/3:1:S3HY-6573-XQ7?i=87&cc=1392488&cat=2357440 1825] [https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/3:1:S3HY-6573-X8P?i=115&cc=1392488&cat=2357440 1826] [https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/3:1:S3HY-6573-XDM?i=132&cc=1392488&cat=2357440 1827] ''Duplicate of the above where there is overlap, but beware, pages are out of order for some parts of the film and sometimes entries are also out of order.''
[https://www.familysearch.org/search/film/004185273?cat=2357440;i=3 '''1819-1844''' (GISA Archives)] - Original Registers
[https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/3:1:S3HY-68TW-GBP?i=3&cc=1392488&cat=2357440 1819.5] [https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/3:1:S3HY-68TW-L1M?i=12&cc=1392488&cat=2357440 1820] [https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/3:1:S3HY-68TW-G4H?i=22&cc=1392488&cat=2357440 1821] [https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/3:1:S3HY-68TW-PQK?i=34&cc=1392488&cat=2357440 1822] [https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/3:1:S3HY-68TW-PMP?i=42&cc=1392488&cat=2357440 1823] [https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/3:1:S3HY-68TW-GX7?i=50&cc=1392488&cat=2357440 1824] [https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/3:1:S3HY-68TW-PH9?i=56&cc=1392488&cat=2357440 1825] [https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/3:1:S3HY-68TW-P4G?i=72&cc=1392488&cat=2357440 1826] [https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/3:1:S3HY-68TW-LRY?i=86&cc=1392488&cat=2357440 1827] [https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/3:1:S3HY-68TW-G5Y?i=96&cc=1392488&cat=2357440 1828] [https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/3:1:S3HY-68TW-GRJ?i=109&cc=1392488&cat=2357440 1829] [https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/3:1:S3HY-68TW-G5Q?i=121&cc=1392488&cat=2357440 1830] [https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/3:1:S3HY-68TW-GVS?i=132&cc=1392488&cat=2357440 1831] [https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/3:1:S3HY-68TW-GYD?i=145&cc=1392488&cat=2357440 1832] [https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/3:1:S3HY-68TW-L1D?i=155&cc=1392488&cat=2357440 1833] [https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/3:1:S3HY-68TW-PSL?i=166&cc=1392488&cat=2357440 1834] [https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/3:1:S3HY-68TW-GZD?i=176&cc=1392488&cat=2357440 1835] [https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/3:1:S3HY-68TW-G73?i=190&cc=1392488&cat=2357440 1836] [https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/3:1:S3HY-68TW-G17?i=199&cc=1392488&cat=2357440 1837] [https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/3:1:S3HY-68TW-G2D?i=209&cc=1392488&cat=2357440 1838] [https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/3:1:S3HY-68TW-G2P?i=219&cc=1392488&cat=2357440 1839] [https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/3:1:S3HY-68TW-GNP?i=232&cc=1392488&cat=2357440 1840] [https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/3:1:S3HY-68TW-P7H?i=246&cc=1392488&cat=2357440 1841] [https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/3:1:S3HY-68TW-PMR?i=262&cc=1392488&cat=2357440 1842] [https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/3:1:S3HY-68TW-PHY?i=277&cc=1392488&cat=2357440 1843] [https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/3:1:S3HY-68TW-GVD?i=293&cc=1392488&cat=2357440 1844] [https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/3:1:S3HY-X38S-NYC?mode=g&i=3&cc=1392488&cat=2357440 '''1845-1897''' (GISA Archives)] - Original Registers
[https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/3:1:S3HY-X38S-NYC?i=3&cc=1392488&cat=2357440 1845] [https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/3:1:S3HY-X38S-JQS?i=7&cc=1392488&cat=2357440 1846] [https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/3:1:S3HY-X38S-J1X?i=11&cc=1392488&cat=2357440 1847] [https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/3:1:S3HY-X38S-J7M?i=15&cc=1392488&cat=2357440 1848] [https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/3:1:S3HY-X38S-JDP?i=21&cc=1392488&cat=2357440 1849] [https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/3:1:S3HY-X38S-JNV?i=27&cc=1392488&cat=2357440 1850] [https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/3:1:S3HY-X38S-NY7?i=31&cc=1392488&cat=2357440 1851] [https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/3:1:S3HY-X38S-J3C?i=36&cc=1392488&cat=2357440 1852] [https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/3:1:S3HY-X38S-J1N?i=38&cc=1392488&cat=2357440 1853] [https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/3:1:S3HY-X38S-J9L?i=41&cc=1392488&cat=2357440 1854] [https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/3:1:S3HY-X38S-JJK?i=45&cc=1392488&cat=2357440 1855] [https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/3:1:S3HY-X38S-J6K?i=48&cc=1392488&cat=2357440 1856] [https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/3:1:S3HY-X38S-J6W?i=52&cc=1392488&cat=2357440 1857] [https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/3:1:S3HY-X38S-JR1?i=60&cc=1392488&cat=2357440 1858] [https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/3:1:S3HY-X38S-J6J?i=66&cc=1392488&cat=2357440 1859] [https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/3:1:S3HY-X38S-J5B?i=72&cc=1392488&cat=2357440 1860] [https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/3:1:S3HY-X38S-J2G?i=78&cc=1392488&cat=2357440 1861] [https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/3:1:S3HY-X38S-JY6?i=87&cc=1392488&cat=2357440 1862] [https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/3:1:S3HY-X38S-NYB?i=90&cc=1392488&cat=2357440 1863] [https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/3:1:S3HY-X38S-JWJ?i=94&cc=1392488&cat=2357440 1864] [https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/3:1:S3HY-X38S-J78?i=99&cc=1392488&cat=2357440 1865] [https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/3:1:S3HY-X38S-J9M?i=103&cc=1392488&cat=2357440 1866] [https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/3:1:S3HY-X38S-JXN?i=108&cc=1392488&cat=2357440 1867] [https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/3:1:S3HY-X38S-JF1?i=112&cc=1392488&cat=2357440 1868] [https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/3:1:S3HY-X38S-JZX?i=117&cc=1392488&cat=2357440 1869] [https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/3:1:S3HY-X38S-JCG?i=121&cc=1392488&cat=2357440 1870] [https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/3:1:S3HY-X38S-JZD?i=126&cc=1392488&cat=2357440 1871] [https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/3:1:S3HY-X38S-VMG?i=133&cc=1392488&cat=2357440 1872] [https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/3:1:S3HY-X38S-JLP?i=139&cc=1392488&cat=2357440 1873] [https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/3:1:S3HY-X38S-JMS?i=143&cc=1392488&cat=2357440 1874] [https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/3:1:S3HY-X38S-JTD?i=148&cc=1392488&cat=2357440 1875] [https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/3:1:S3HY-X38S-NYM?i=155&cc=1392488&cat=2357440 1876] [https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/3:1:S3HY-X38S-J7Q?i=159&cc=1392488&cat=2357440 1877] [https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/3:1:S3HY-X38S-JG9?i=165&cc=1392488&cat=2357440 1878] [https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/3:1:S3HY-X38S-NY9?i=168&cc=1392488&cat=2357440 1879] [https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/3:1:S3HY-X38S-JVY?i=172&cc=1392488&cat=2357440 1880] [https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/3:1:S3HY-X38S-JRC?i=176&cc=1392488&cat=2357440 1881] [https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/3:1:S3HY-X38S-JTS?i=180&cc=1392488&cat=2357440 1882] [https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/3:1:S3HY-X38S-NTC?i=186&cc=1392488&cat=2357440 1883] [https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/3:1:S3HY-X38S-JF4?i=195&cc=1392488&cat=2357440 1884] [https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/3:1:S3HY-X38S-JRB?i=207&cc=1392488&cat=2357440 1885] [https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/3:1:S3HY-X38S-J6M?i=218&cc=1392488&cat=2357440 1886] [https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/3:1:S3HY-X38S-J45?i=226&cc=1392488&cat=2357440 1887] [https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/3:1:S3HY-X38S-J8Z?i=235&cc=1392488&cat=2357440 1888] [https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/3:1:S3HY-X38S-JX3?i=242&cc=1392488&cat=2357440 1889] [https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/3:1:S3HY-X38S-J87?i=251&cc=1392488&cat=2357440 1890] [https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/3:1:S3HY-X38S-N1J?i=259&cc=1392488&cat=2357440 1891] [https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/3:1:S3HY-X38S-JW1?i=268&cc=1392488&cat=2357440 1892] [https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/3:1:S3HY-X38S-NB2?i=276&cc=1392488&cat=2357440 1893] [https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/3:1:S3HY-X38S-J2H?i=284&cc=1392488&cat=2357440 1894] [https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/3:1:S3HY-X38S-JR3?i=292&cc=1392488&cat=2357440 1895] [https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/3:1:S3HY-X38S-J25?i=299&cc=1392488&cat=2357440 1896] [https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/3:1:S3HY-X38S-J2L?i=313&cc=1392488&cat=2357440 1897] 1894-1906 - Not online yet
[https://www.familysearch.org/search/film/004182334?cat=2357440;i=2 '''1906-1908''' (GISA Archives)] - Original Registers: [https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/3:1:S3HY-6D79-H66?i=2&cc=1392488&cat=2357440 1906.5] [https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/3:1:S3HY-6D79-H6F?i=4&cc=1392488&cat=2357440 1907] [https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/3:1:S3HY-6D79-HD1?i=17&cc=1392488&cat=2357440 1908]
''Not a duplicate of above''
[https://www.familysearch.org/search/film/004182467?cat=2357440;i=3 '''1906-1910''' (GISA Archives G12/6/9)] - Original Registers: [https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/3:1:S3HY-X3XS-1V3?i=3&cc=1392488&cat=2357440 1906] 1907 [https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/3:1:S3HY-X3XS-1JZ?i=5&cc=1392488&cat=2357440 1908] [https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/3:1:S3HY-X3XS-1J4?i=13&cc=1392488&cat=2357440 1909] [https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/3:1:S3HY-X3XS-1J5?i=26&cc=1392488&cat=2357440 1910]
[https://www.familysearch.org/search/film/004182337?cat=2357440;i=3 '''1914-1917''' (GISA Archives G12/6/10)] - Original Registers: [https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/3:1:S3HT-6YKG-G9?i=4&cc=1392488&cat=2357440 1914.11] [https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/3:1:S3HT-6YKG-G7?i=7&cc=1392488&cat=2357440 1915] [https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/3:1:S3HT-6YKG-RK?i=21&cc=1392488&cat=2357440 1916] [https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/3:1:S3HT-6YKG-YK?i=35&cc=1392488&cat=2357440 1917]
[https://www.familysearch.org/search/film/004182456?cat=2357440;i=3 '''1918-1923''' (GISA Archives G12/6/11)] - Original Registers: [https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/3:1:S3HY-6539-TP8?i=3&cc=1392488&cat=2357440 1918] [https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/3:1:S3HY-6539-TBG?i=6&cc=1392488&cat=2357440 1919] [https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/3:1:S3HY-6539-TYK?i=16&cc=1392488&cat=2357440 1920] [https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/3:1:S3HY-6539-T1V?i=27&cc=1392488&cat=2357440 1921] [https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/3:1:S3HY-6539-TRN?i=41&cc=1392488&cat=2357440 1922] [https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/3:1:S3HY-6539-TT6?i=60&cc=1392488&cat=2357440 1923]
[https://www.familysearch.org/search/film/004182444?cat=2357440;i=3 '''1928-1932''' (GISA Archives G12/6/12)] - Original Registers: [https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/3:1:S3HT-6X4H-W5?i=3&cc=1392488&cat=2357440 1928] [https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/3:1:S3HT-6X4H-WL?i=16&cc=1392488&cat=2357440 1929] [https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/3:1:S3HT-6X4H-W9?i=32&cc=1392488&cat=2357440 1930] [https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/3:1:S3HT-6X4H-4L?i=49&cc=1392488&cat=2357440 1931] [https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/3:1:S3HT-6X4H-C3?i=63&cc=1392488&cat=2357440 1932]
[https://www.familysearch.org/search/film/004182461?i=2&cc=1392488&cat=2357440 '''1932-1936''' (GISA Archives G12/6/13)] - Original Registers: [https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/3:1:S3HY-65X9-37S?i=3&cc=1392488&cat=2357440 1932.4] [https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/3:1:S3HY-65X9-STJ?i=14&cc=1392488&cat=2357440 1933] [https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/3:1:S3HY-65X9-3M8?i=32&cc=1392488&cat=2357440 1934] [https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/3:1:S3HY-65X9-39P?i=47&cc=1392488&cat=2357440 1935] [https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/3:1:S3HY-65X9-3QQ?i=63&cc=1392488&cat=2357440 1936]
[https://www.familysearch.org/search/film/004182452?cat=2357440;i=3 '''1936-1942''' (GISA Archives G12/6/14)] - Original Registers: [https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/3:1:S3HY-61B9-PQT?i=4&cc=1392488&cat=2357440 1936.10] [https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/3:1:S3HY-61B9-P3R?i=8&cc=1392488&cat=2357440 1937] [https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/3:1:S3HY-61B9-P33?i=26&cc=1392488&cat=2357440 1938] [https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/3:1:S3HY-61B9-P71?i=43&cc=1392488&cat=2357440 1939] [https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/3:1:S3HY-61B9-PMK?i=58&cc=1392488&cat=2357440 1940] [https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/3:1:S3HY-61B9-PD6?i=76&cc=1392488&cat=2357440 1941] [https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/3:1:S3HY-61B9-P41?i=102&cc=1392488&cat=2357440 1942]
[https://www.familysearch.org/search/film/004182416?i=2&cc=1392488&cat=2357440 '''1957-1964''' (GISA Archives G12/6/15)] - Original Registers: [https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/3:1:S3HY-X2MS-41V?i=3&cc=1392488&cat=2357440 1957] [https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/3:1:S3HY-X2MS-4LP?i=31&cc=1392488&cat=2357440 1958] [https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/3:1:S3HY-X2MS-4TG?i=76&cc=1392488&cat=2357440 1959] [https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/3:1:S3HY-X2MS-4F9?i=114&cc=1392488&cat=2357440 1960] [https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/3:1:S3HY-X2MS-41P?i=161&cc=1392488&cat=2357440 1961] [https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/3:1:S3HY-X2MS-4RH?i=193&cc=1392488&cat=2357440 1962] [https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/3:1:S3HY-X2MS-4G9?i=231&cc=1392488&cat=2357440 1963] [https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/3:1:S3HY-X2MS-4FP?i=248&cc=1392488&cat=2357440 1964] ==Sources== * https://southafrica.mypeoplepuzzle.net/NGK_Cape.html#G12_Baptisms
Beaufort-Wes Marriages
Inbound links: 1
Stars: 🟊🟊🟊🟊🟊 76 views
Saved: 9 Dec 2021
Touched: 9 Dec 2021
Watch List: 1
Project:
[https://www.familysearch.org/search/film/008147798?i=252&cat=1152816 '''1891-1899''' (G12/9/6)]
[https://www.familysearch.org/search/film/008147798?i=455&cat=1152816 '''1899-1918''' (G12/9/7)]
[https://www.familysearch.org/search/film/008147798?i=747&cat=1152816 '''1918-1923''' (G12/9/8)]
[https://www.familysearch.org/search/film/004182456?i=79&cc=1392488&cat=2357440 '''1923''' (G/12/6/11)] (4 additional entries)
[https://www.familysearch.org/search/film/008147798?i=818&cat=1152816 '''1924-1931''' (G12/9/9)]
[https://www.familysearch.org/search/film/008147798?i=931&cat=1152816 '''1931-1944''' (G12/9/10)] ==Sources== * https://southafrica.mypeoplepuzzle.net/NGK_Cape.html#G12
Beauty Embraced By The Night
Inbound links: 0
Stars: 🟊🟊🟊🟊🟊 69 views
Saved: 14 Oct 2010
Touched: 28 Jan 2011
Watch List: 0
Project:
Becherov, Sáros, Hungary
Inbound links: 0
Stars: 🟊🟊🟊🟊🟊 101 views
Saved: 23 Sep 2017
Touched: 23 Sep 2017
Watch List: 1
Project:
Beck Book
Inbound links: 0
Stars: 🟊🟊🟊🟊🟊 145 views
Saved: 1 Aug 2016
Touched: 1 Aug 2016
Watch List: 1
Project:
Beck_Book-24.jpg
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Beck_Book.jpg
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Beck Family History
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Beck family research by the Cullen descendants and Bernecker family
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Oldest documented Beck ancestor: VEIT BECK (probably born sometime in late 1500s,
as his son HANS JAKOB BECK, is born in 1617). Father of…
HANS JAKOB BECK (“Backer”)(born September 14, 1617) married KATHERINA MACKH (born June 15, 1629) (the daughter of George Mackh) on May 8, 1649. Hans Jakob Beck died October 14, 1670; Katherina died June 14, 1662.
Parents of…
JOHANN LUDWIG BECK (“Backer”) (born January 14, 1653) married ANNA MARIA CHRISTINA HOFFMAN (born April 18, 1648) (the daughter of Nikalaus Hoffman, servant) on April 21, 1674. Johann Ludwig Beck died July 6, 1715; Anna Maria Christina died January 12, 1724.
Parents of…
JAKOB BECK (Baker)
Father of…
JOHANN GOTTLIEB BECK (born September 8, 1729) (“Baker”) married SABINA BARBARA KECK (the daughter of Georg David Leck, a “zimmerman” or carpenter) on September 8, 1750. Johann Gottlieb Beck died July 12, 1777.
Parents of …
GEORG LUDWIG BECK (born October 17, 1750) married MARIA ELISABETHA BRAUN (born November 9, 1751) (the daughter of Johannes Braun and Magda- lena WINTER) on January 29, 1771. Georg Ludwig Beck died April 12, 1808; Maria Elisabetha Braun Beck died May 24, 1821.
Parents of…
GEORG JAKOB BECK (born March 18, 1787) married LUISA REGINA SCHAD (born December 13, 1793)(the daughter of Jacob Friedrich Schad – a “Backer” – and Regina Jacobina Burner) on August 30, 1810 in Backnang. Luisa Regina DIED December 18, 1812, in Backnang…………..George Jakob Beck THEN married Elisabetha Magd.(alena?) Doderer (born April 13, 1795, in Backnang))(daughter of Jacob Heinrich Doderer and Maria Cath(erine?) Hauserer) on June 29, 1813, in Backnang. George Jakob Beck died July 10, 1852, and his widow, Elisabetha, died June 13, 1870, both in Backnang.
Note from the family chart of children of Georg Jakob Beck that his second-born, (with first wife Luisa Gottlieb) Ludwig, was born December 15, 1812, but died two days later (Dec. 17, 1812), and mother Luisa died the next day (Dec. 18, 1812), and FIRST-born Christian Gottlieb died six days later (Christmas Eve, 1812). After re-marrying (to Elisabetha Doderer) the next summer, THEIR first-born (Luisa Frederika) only lived 12 days (March 9, 1814 – March 21, 1814).
ALSO note that Georg Jakob Beck’s 12th born (10th with Elisabetha) was Johann Gottlieb Beck (OUR FAMILY’S EMIGRATING ANCESTOR)….HE was actually the THIRD Georg Jakob Beck son given that name, the earlier two brothers each having lived only a little more than three months.
JOHANN GOTTLIEB BECK (born October 10, 1827)
The German church records indicate Joann Gottlieb Beck “ist seit 1852 in Amerika mit Heimakschein (sp?)”----------apparently reference to his departure to (or presence in) America as of that date. ''(Note: Google Translate gives this as "has been in America since 1852 with a home license".)'' Our grandfather…
WILLIAM F. BECK (born 1868, according to his tombstone)was one of the Johann Gottlieb Beck (and, I believe, Eva Lades Beck) children. Other sisters of William’s married into what in 2004 are the Panzer, Samway, and Plochman families. William F. Beck and Emma (Kopp) Beck were the parents of..
MILTON BECK, JACK F. BECK, AUDRY BECK CULLEN, and REX BECK.
This completes what we have from the GERMAN church records located in Backnang, Germany. Backnang is in the German state of Wuertemburg, not far from the city of Stuttgart.
Becker Family Mysteries
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BECKER Family Mysteries
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Beckham Families of USA
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Beckham Family Reunion
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Beckler Pedigree
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Beckstrom Family Genealogy contributed to the Bothell Historical Museum
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Beckwith Township, Upper Canada
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Beckwith-H-W-1881
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Beckylynn Ansell
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Bédard Family - Huguenot Roots
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Bedford, Pennsylvania - History and Changes
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Bedford County Land Grants-Campbell
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'''Land Grants'''
'''1761 -1788'''
'''Updated: 19 Feb 2024''' |-bgcolor="#cccccc" |Creation_Date |Grantee Surname |Given Name |Property_Description |Comments |Doc_Image |- |14 Feb 1761 |Campbell |Elizabeth |404 acres on both sides of the north fork of Falling River. | |[https://lva.primo.exlibrisgroup.com/permalink/01LVA_INST/1cgm05i/alma990007324570205756 Doc Image] |- |7 Jul 1763 |[[Campbell-5337|'''Campbell''']] |Archibald |Grantee(s): Campbell, Archibald, and Simmons, Charles.; Description: 849 acres on both sides of the north fork of Falling River. | |[https://lva.primo.exlibrisgroup.com/permalink/01LVA_INST/1cgm05i/alma990007323700205756 Doc Image] |- |20 Jul 1780 |Campbell |Thomas |246 acres on the Widdows Mountain adjoining William Buford's line. | |[https://lva.primo.exlibrisgroup.com/permalink/01LVA_INST/1cgm05i/alma990007327390205756 Doc Image] |- |1 Feb 1781 |Campbell |James |300 acres on the north side of Stanton River. | |[https://lva.primo.exlibrisgroup.com/permalink/01LVA_INST/1cgm05i/alma990007325280205756 Doc Image] |- |1 Feb 1781 |[[Campbell-16815|'''Campbell''']] |James |98 acres on branches of the south fork of Beaver Creek. | |[https://lva.primo.exlibrisgroup.com/permalink/01LVA_INST/1cgm05i/alma990007325290205756 Doc Image] |- |1 Feb 1781 |[[Campbell-16815|'''Campbell''']] |James |90 acres on the branches of Beaver Creek. | |[https://lva.primo.exlibrisgroup.com/permalink/01LVA_INST/1cgm05i/alma990007325270205756 Doc Image] |- |1 Sep 1783 |Campbell |James |294 acres on both sides of Green Creek and Meadow Creek the main fork of Molley's Creek. | |[https://lva.primo.exlibrisgroup.com/permalink/01LVA_INST/1cgm05i/alma990007325300205756 Doc Image] |- |4 May 1787 |Campbell |John |310 acres on the waters of Goose Creek and Moses's Run. | |[https://lva.primo.exlibrisgroup.com/permalink/01LVA_INST/1cgm05i/alma990007325850205756 Doc Image] |- |1 Aug 1788 |Campbell |John |221 acres on the branches of Goose Creek. | |[https://lva.primo.exlibrisgroup.com/permalink/01LVA_INST/1cgm05i/alma990007325860205756 Doc Image] |}
Bedford County Pennsylvania Land Records-Campbell
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'''Campbell Records''' |-bgcolor="#cccccc" |Liber||Folio||Grantor||Grantee||Date_of_Record||Comments||Record |- |A||4||George Grogham||John Campbell||1770||338 acres on Chirties Creek; 332 acres on Chirties Creek; 491 acres on Chirties Creek|| |- |A||35||Bejamin Tate||John Campbell (of Pittsburg)||1772||All his plantation on Chirties Creek|| |- |A||133||James Campbell||Michael Beegley||1772||300 acres in Brother's Value Township|| |- |A||191||James Culbertson||Robert Campbell||1773||153 acres|| |- |A||323||Andrew Davidson||Patrick [[Campbell-63732|'''Campbell''']]||1779||200 acres in Little Cove|| |- |A||433||Joseph Morrison||George Campbell Gent. (of Philadelphia Co)||1778||300 acres in Cumberland Valley|| |- |A||464||Samuel Perry||James Campbell (of Cumberland Co, PA)||1779||Land in Cumberland Valley|| |- |B||110||Thomas Anderson||Patrick [[Campbell-63732|'''Campbell''']] (of Cumberland Co, PA) and Terrance [[Campbell-63723|'''Campbell''']]||1784||Lot No. 180 in the town of Bedford|| |- |B||398||Barnard Dougherty||George Campbell Gent. (of Philadelphia Co, PA)||1787|| 200 acres|| |- |C||253||Henry Reicard||Terrance [[Campbell-63723|'''Campbell''']]||1788||400 acres on Johns Branch; S. of Warrior Ridge|| |- |C||254||Thomas Norton||Terrance [[Campbell-63723|'''Campbell''']]||1788||100 acres on Little Brush Creek|| |- |C||274||George Campbell Gent. (of Philadelphia Co)||John Penn||1790||297 acres of "Independence" in Cumberland Valley|| |- |C||297||John Penn Sr. and Jr||Terrance [[Campbell-63723|'''Campbell''']]||1787||Lot No. 36 in Bedford Mannor|| |- |C||298||John Penn Sr. and Jr.||Terrance [[Campbell-63723|'''Campbell''']]||1787||Lot No. 26 in Bedford Mannor|| |- |C||310||Francis and Elizabeth Campbell (of Cumberland Co, PA)||Robert Tate||1790|| 184 ares granted in 1763 on Dunnings Creek|| |- |C||315||Martin Riley||Terrance [[Campbell-63723|'''Campbell''']]||1790||Lot No. 180 in Bedford Town|| |- |D||116||Rev. John and Catherine Campbell (of York Co, PA)||Jacob Lefever||1789||253 acres of "White Thorn Bottom" on the N. side of Stoney Creek|| |- |D||295||James Heydon||Patrick [[Campbell-63732|'''Campbell''']] (of Franklin Co, PA)||1794||318 acres of "Springfield" and Lot No. 23 in Raystown|| |- |D||297||Patrick [[Campbell-63732|'''Campbell''']] (of Franklin Co, PA)||James Heydon||1794||318 acres of "Springfield" and Lot No. 23 in Raystown|| |- |E||140||George Campbell Gent. (of Philadelphia Co)||George Woods||1798||Appointment as Power of Atty. for land in Cumberland Valley|| |- |E||360||Samuel Taylor and John Kennedy||John Campbell (of Baltimore Co, MD)||1798||Lot No. 595 in the town of Dublin|| |- |E||526||John Lazier||George Campbell Gent. (of Philadelphia Co)||1801||Land on the Great Road from Bedford to Fort Cumberland|| |-
Bedford County Pennsylvania Probate-Campbell
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'''Campbell Records''' |-bgcolor="#cccccc" |Liber||Folio||Deceased||Executor||Date_of_Record||Comments||Record |- |1||194||Robert Campbell||Charity (his wife) and John Hendrickson (stepson)||Jul 6, 1798||Wife: Charity; Stepson: John Hendrickson; Stepdaughter: Charity Frye|| |- |2||11||Patrick [[Campbell-63732|'''Campbell''']]||Samuel Calhoun, John Anderson, and Alexander I?||Jan 2, 1820||Sister: Mary (Edward) McDonald (their children: Maria, Terrance, Edward, and Catherine); Brother: Terrance Campbell (his children: Catherine and Mary); nephew: Patrick [[Campbell-64154|'''Campbell''']] dec. ('''of Knoxville TN''')|| |-
Bedford County Tennessee Deeds (Grantee)-Campbell
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'''Land Records (Grantee)'''
'''1808 -1819'''
'''Updated: 17 Mar 2024''' |-bgcolor="#cccccc" !Record # !Date !__WikiTree_ID__ !Last Name !First Name !From !Book !Page !Comments !Doc_Image |- ! |1809 | |Gamble |Benjamin |Newton Cannon |B |35 |114 acres on Perkins and Powell Creek; Duck River |[https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/3:1:3Q9M-CSKX-997C-L?i=232&cat=298281 Document Image] |- ! |1809 | |Gamble |Aaron |Newton Cannon |B |37 |286 acres on Perkins and Powell Creek: Duck River |[https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/3:1:3Q9M-CSKX-997D-8?i=233&cat=298281 Document Image] |- ! |1810 | |Gamble |Benjamin |Commisioners |B |378 |Lot No. 94 in the town of Shelbyville |[https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/3:1:3Q9M-CSKX-997R-3?i=404&cat=298281 Document Image] |- ! |1810 | |Campbell |George |Newton Cannon |C |244 |300 acres on Powell Creek; Duck River |[https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/3:1:3Q9M-CSJD-495M-4?i=136&cat=298281 Document Image] |- ! |1812 | |Campbell |Thomas |Joseph Alleson |D |69 |Appointment of attorney |[https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/3:1:3Q9M-CSJD-49P9-P?i=368&cat=298281 Document Image] |- ! |1789 | |Campbell |Andrew |Amos Belch |E |140 |500 acres on Duck River in "Hawkins County" |[https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/3:1:3Q9M-CSJD-49RM-Y?i=715&cat=298281 Document Image] |- ! |1815 | |Campbell |George |Benjamin Jurdor |E |567 |Lot No. 90 in Shelbyville |[https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/3:1:3Q9M-CSJD-495M-C?i=930&cat=298281 Document Image] |- ! |1816 | |Campbell |Alexander |James Wilson |F |554 |8 acres on the South branch of Duck River |[https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/3:1:3Q9M-CSKX-33PN-2?i=291&cat=298281 Document Image] |- ! |1816 | |Campbell |Arthur |Jean Reynolds |G |35 |A slave girl named "Darkey" |[https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/3:1:3Q9M-CSKX-33P9-Y?i=358&cat=298281 Document Image] |- ! |1818 | |Gamble |Benjamin |William Wightman |J |248 |Lot No. 94 in Shelbyville |[https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/3:1:3Q9M-CSKX-S3RL-S?i=188&cat=298281 Document Image] |- ! |1818 | |Campbell |George W. |Alfred Belch |K |320 |1,119 1/4 acres on Sinking Creek |[https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/3:1:3Q9M-CSKX-S3GZ-V?i=423&cat=298281 Document Image] |- ! |1818 | |Gamble |Aaron |Henry Saling |L |112 |50 1/4 acres on Powells Creek; Duck River |[https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/3:1:3Q9M-CSKX-S3P4-B?i=516&cat=298281 Document Image] |- ! |1819 | |Campbell |Arthur |Abraham Wood |L |245 |24 1/2 acres in county |[https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/3:1:3Q9M-CSKX-S31M-S?i=584&cat=298281 Document Image] |- ! |1819 | |Gamble |Aaron |Fanny Bond |L |458 |200 acres on Powells Creek; Duck River |[https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/3:1:3Q9M-CSKX-S35W-H?i=685&cat=298281 Document Image] |- ! |}
Bedford County Tennessee Deeds (Grantor)-Campbell
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'''Land Records (Grantor)'''
'''1808 -1819'''
'''Updated: 17 Mar 2024''' |-bgcolor="#cccccc" !Record # !Date !__WikiTree_ID__ !Last Name !First Name !To !Book !Page !Comments !Doc_Image |- ! |1809 | |Campbell |Alexander |William Campbell |B |164 |5,000 acres on the North side of Elk River |[https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/3:1:3Q9M-CSKX-997Y-Y?i=297&cat=298281 Document Image] |- ! |1809 | |Campbell |Michael |Josiah Phelps |B |188 |1/2 of the 640 acre survey on Sinking Creek, Duck River |[https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/3:1:3Q9M-CSKX-997T-D?i=309&cat=298281 Document Image] |- ! |1809 | |Campbell |Michael |John Phelps |B |191 |1/2 of the 640 acre survey on Sinking Creek, Duck River |[https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/3:1:3Q9M-CSKX-9971-Q?i=310&cat=298281 Document Image] |- ! |1814 | |Campbell |Zeno and Eugenia |Levi Crow |E |392 |85 acres on Sugar Creek |[https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/3:1:3Q9M-CSJD-495X-2?i=841&cat=298281 Document Image] |- ! |1814 | |Campbell |Michael |Catherine Boyd Harrigan |F |227 |46 acres on Rock Creek |[https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/3:1:3Q9M-CSKX-335G-S?i=131&cat=298281 Document Image] |- ! |1815 | |Campbell |Michael |James Adams |F |413 |221 acres on Rock Creek |[https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/3:1:3Q9M-CSKX-33PP-C?i=220&cat=298281 Document Image] |- ! |1817 | |Campbell |George |Lydia Magness |F |623 |100 acres on Powell and Sinking Creek; Duck River |[https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/3:1:3Q9M-CSKX-33PS-Y?i=325&cat=298281 Document Image] |- ! |1817 | |Campbell |Thomas |Peter Carpenter |G |380 |210 acres on Rock Creek |[https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/3:1:3Q9M-CSKX-33GM-F?i=533&cat=298281 Document Image] |- ! |1817 | |Campbell |Alexander |James Turrentine |H |175 |8 acres on Bryants Creek; Duck River |[https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/3:1:3Q9M-CSKX-33RD-X?i=753&cat=298281 Document Image] |- ! |1817 | |Campbell |George W. |Benjamin Taleaferrs |H |264 |370 1/2 acres on Sinking Creek; Duck River |[https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/3:1:3Q9M-CSKX-33R8-L?i=796&cat=298281 Document Image] |- ! |1818 | |Campbell |Michael |John Akins |J |12 |62 1/2 acres on Rock Creek |[https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/3:1:3Q9M-CSKX-S3TQ-6?i=23&cat=298281 Document Image] |- ! |1818 | |Gamble |Aaron |Melinda Poby |J |48 |100 acres on Powells Creek; Duck River |[https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/3:1:3Q9M-CSKX-S3TS-J?i=41&cat=298281 Document Image] |- ! |1818 | |Campbell |Arthur |Barbary Hadlow |J |100 |Land on Duck River |[https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/3:1:3Q9M-CSKX-S3TL-D?i=67&cat=298281 Document Image] |- ! |1818 | |Campbell |George W. |John McKever |K |318 |Power of attorney |[https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/3:1:3Q9M-CSKX-S3GD-T?i=422&cat=298281 Document Image] |- ! |1819 | |Gamble |Aaron |Zachariah Jordan |L |356 |100 acres in county |[https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/3:1:3Q9M-CSKX-S355-Q?i=639&cat=298281 Document Image] |}
Bedford County Tennessee Land Grants-Campbell
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'''Campbell Records'''
'''1807 -1808'''
'''Updated: 17 Mar 2024''' |-bgcolor="#cccccc" !Date !__WikiTree_ID__ !Last Name !First Name !Page !Comments !Doc_Image |- |1807 | |Campbell |Collin |91 |Military Warrant 392: 640 acres on both sides of Elk River in "Williamson County" |[https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/3:1:3Q9M-CSKX-FSZ7-S?i=65&cat=239336 Doc Image] |- |1808 | |Campbell |George W. |174 |1000 acres in "Williamson County" on McCullocks Creek: Elk River |[https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/3:1:3Q9M-CSKX-FSC2-M?i=107&cat=239336 Doc Image] |- |1808 | |Campbell |George W. |184 |224 acres in Bedford County on Tuckers Creek; Elk River |[https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/3:1:3Q9M-CSKX-FSCN-X?i=112&cat=239336 DocImage] |}
Bedford County Tennessee Probate-Campbell
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'''Campbell Records'''
'''1859'''
'''Updated: 17 Mar 2024''' |-bgcolor="#cccccc" |'''Date''' |'''__WikiTree_ID__''' |'''Last Name''' |'''First Name''' |'''Instrument''' |'''Book''' |'''Page''' |'''Comment''' |'''Doc_Image''' |- |1859 | |Campbell |Arthur |Will |1 |204 |Sons: William, John, Henry, Green B., Canold. Daughters: Lucinda Floyd, Parthena Raney, Elizabeth and Nancy Campbell |[https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/3:1:S7WF-SVHY-39?i=132&cc=1909088&cat=238966 Doc Image] |}
Bedson UK Family Notes
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Beebe Genealogy
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Beebe_Genealogy.pdf
Beebe_Genealogy-1.pdf
Beebe Genealogy File of George Beebe
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The first ''{assume Edward Beebe}'' was a ship owner and captain and lost his ship and prop? to the french in the french war. Value $200,000. Wife was a Hall. ''{This last was struck out and the following inserted at the #}'' His son wife was a Hall. ''{son of Edward married to Olive Hall was Thomas T Beebe}'' The father (#) (this could be Thomas T) came to the Van Renslus lands and begot Thomas. ''{This could be Thomas William Beebe}'' Next word can’t read followed by he had sold his land and got contenental money for it. Wife was Eker. ''{This last is unclear as to whom it applies to - Thomas William married Ellen Van Patten whose mother was Margrita Ecker or Eker.}''====Nicholas Beebe family group==== '''Document 186; Nicholas Beebe family grouping, by Pearl Porter {{Image|file=Beebe_Genealogy_File_of_George_Beebe-7.png |align=c |size=l |caption=Nicholas Beebe family group, front. }} {{Image|file=Beebe_Genealogy_File_of_George_Beebe-8.png |align=c |size=l |caption=Nicholas Beebe family group, back. }} '''Data extraction from the previous images: * Nicholas Beebe, five children :# Thomas Beebe :## Frank :### Jennie :### George :#### Thomas :##### George Warren :# George Beebe :## Elizabeth - no children :## Mary Jane :### Mizpah lives in Beaver Falls, Penn? Two boys living, all in Beaver Falls :## James :# Margaret Beebe :## John :## Nick all dead :## Helen Finch :### Will Finch
''{Following then is a list of persons and dates:}''
[[Beebe-521|Thomas ''{William}'' Beebe]] (English) & Ellen Van Patten (Low Dutch)
Nicholas Beebe Was born Mar 24th 1796 (written above name) 5 children Geo Margaret Eva Leah
Elizabeth Passage ''{german}'' was born Aug 27 1799 (written above name) died Sep 16th 1873 - 74-0-20 ''{wife of Nicholas}''
Thomas N Beebe was born Jan 20 1818 ''{son of Nicholas and Elizabeth ??}'' died June 5th 1874 56-5mo-15da. Was married to Mary J. Mead Mar 20 1847 She died Was married to Elizabeth Jones July 3d 1850, To Dorathy Ann Hays Dec 31, 1860
Believed to have been written by Frank Beebe, son of Thomas N Beebe and Elizabeth Jones ''{similar handwriting to other known samples of Frank Beebe’s writings}''
Beebe Identity Study; Beebes in 1810 Madison County New York Census
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12 Sep 1957, First Baptist Church
Port Arthur, Ontario|align=r|size=m}}
Bee's Adoptees Plus Watchlist
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Beitrag zur Familiengeschichte Kempe–Kempf im Westerwald
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Belanda Hitam, Aricans in the Dutch East Indies
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Belding Family Bible
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MARRIAGES | |
:[[Belding-434|Ansel Belding]] & [[Mills-8801|Pierce Ann Mills]] : - May 12th, 1842 :[[Belding-437|Charles M. Belding]] & [[Loche-7|Mary Loch]]Marie Loche : - Nov. 21st, 1888 | :[[Belding-438|William Belding]] & [[Ranney-173|Catherine Ranney]] : - Jan 1st, 1799 |
BIRTHS | |
:[[Belding-434|Ansel Belding]] - Apr 15th, 1811 :[[Mills-8801|Pierce Ann Mills]] - Feb 22, 1816 :[[Belding-435|Warren Day Belding]] - Sept. 19 1845 :[[Belding-436|Wm. Sears Belding]] - Aug 26th 1847 :[[Belding-437|Charles M. Belding]] - Feb 27th 1851 | :[[Belding-443|Daniel Belding]] - June 1st 1754 :[[Belding-438|Wm. Belding]] - Feb 13th 1776 :[[Ranney-173|Catherine Ranney]] Mar 14th 1781 :[[Belding-445|Mary Belding]] Apr 28th 1800 :[[Belding-444|Persis Belding]] Feb 18th 1802 :[[Belding-446|Thomas R. Belding]] May 24th 1804 :[[Belding-439|Roswell Belding]] Aug 12th 1808 :[[Howard-11184|Priscilla Howard]] Sept 6th 1791 |
DEATHS | |
:[[Belding-434|Ansel Belding]] - July 27th 1861 :[[Mills-8801|Pierce Ann Belding]] - May 18 1901 :[[Belding-435|Warren Day Belding]] - April 3rd 1905 :[[Belding-436|Wm. Sears Belding]] - July 8th 1848 :[[Belding-437|Charles M. Belding]] - Nov. 16th 1930 | :[[Belding-443|Daniel Belding]] - Sept 17th 1835 :[[Belding-438|Wm. Belding]] - July 8th 1847 :[[Ranney-173|Catherine Ranney]] - Dec 26th 1831 :[[Howard-11184|Priscilla Howard]] - July 7th 1849 :[[Belding-445|Mary Belding]] - June 4th 1849 :[[Belding-444|Persis Belding]] - March 1856 :[[Belding-439|Roswell Belding]] - Dec 1867 :[[Belding-446|Thomas R. Belding]] - May 19th 1864 |
Belejóc, Sáros, Hungary
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Belfast and Ulster Directory 1942
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België
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It is a founding member of the European Union and hosts the EU's headquarters, and those of several other major international organisations such as NATO. Belgium covers an area of 30,528 square kilometres (11,787 sq mi), and it has a population of about 11 million people. Straddling the cultural boundary between Germanic and Latin Europe, Belgium is home to two main linguistic groups, the Dutch-speakers, mostly Flemish (about 60%), and the French-speakers, mostly Walloons (about 40%), plus a small group of German-speakers. Belgium's two largest regions are the Dutch-speaking region of Flanders in the north and the French-speaking southern region of Wallonia. The Brussels-Capital Region, officially bilingual, is a mostly French-speaking enclave within the Flemish Region.[2] A German-speaking Community exists in eastern Wallonia. Belgium's linguistic diversity and related political conflicts are reflected in the political history and a complex system of government. Historically, Belgium, the Netherlands and Luxembourg were known as the Low Countries, which used to cover a somewhat larger area than the current Benelux group of states. The region was called Belgica in Latin because of the Roman province Gallia Belgica which covered more or less the same area. From the end of the Middle Ages until the 17th century, it was a prosperous centre of commerce and culture. From the 16th century until the Belgian Revolution in 1830, when Belgium seceded from the Netherlands, many battles between European powers were fought in the area of Belgium, causing it to be dubbed the battleground of Europe, a reputation strengthened by both World Wars. Upon its independence, Belgium participated in the Industrial Revolution and, during the course of the 20th century, possessed a number of colonies in Africa.[12] The second half of the 20th century was marked by the rise of contrasts between the Flemish and the Francophones fuelled by differences of language and the unequal economic development of Flanders and Wallonia. This ongoing antagonism has caused far-reaching reforms, changing the formerly unitary Belgian state into a federal state, and a long period of political instability.
Belgrave
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Bell Electoral Rolls
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1903 Victoria Wannon Dollin
Mockinya, Dollin
Bell, Ann - home duties
Bell, David William -farmer
Bell, Ebenezer, junior - farmer
Bell, Ebenezer, senior - farmer
Bell, Emma - home duties
Bell, James - farmer
Bell, Margaret - home duties
Bell, Rose Dora - home duties
1909 Victoria Wannon Noradjuha
Connangorach, Nurrabiel
Bell, Ann - home duties
Bell, Ebenezer, junior - farmer
Bell, Ebenezer, senior - farmer
Bell, Emma - home duties
Bell, Emma Victoria - home duties
Bell, Jane - home duties
Bell, Margaret - home duties
Bell, Rose Dorah - home duties
1909 Victoria Wannon Horsham South
Bell, Ebenezer, Mockinya, farmer
. 1914, 1919 Victoria Wannon Horsham South
Bell, Ebenezer, junior, Mockinya, farmer
Bell, Jane, Mockinya. home duties
- 1924 Victoria Wannon Horsham South
Bell, Jane, Mockinya. home duties
Bell, Ebenezer, junior, Mockinya, farmer
Bell, Dick, Mockinya, grazier
Bell, Margaret, Mockinya. home duties
1931, 1936, 1937 Victoria Wannon Horsham South
Bell, Jane, Mockinya. home duties
Bell, Ebenezer, junior, Mockinya, farmer
Bell, Dick, Mockinya, grazier
Bell, Margaret, Mockinya. home duties
Bell, Ann, Mockinya. home duties
Bell, Elizabeth, 'Miawalla', Mockinya. home duties
1942 Victoria Wannon Horsham South
Bell, Ebenezer, junior, Mockinya, farmer
Bell, Dick, Mockinya, grazier
Bell, Margaret, Mockinya. home duties
Bell, Hilda May, Mockinya. home duties
&
1942 Victoria Wannon Portland
Bell, Jane, 7 Fern street, home duties
Bell, Ann, 7 Fern street, home duties
1949 Victoria Wimmera Horsham South
Bell, Ebenezer, junior, Mockinya, farmer
Bell, Dick, Mockinya, grazier
Bell, Margaret, Mockinya. home duties
Bell, Hilda May, Mockinya. home duties
Bell, David William, Mockinya, grazier
Bell, Margaret Ethel M, Mockinya. home duties
&
1949, 1954 Victoria Wannon Portland
Bell, Jane, 7 Fern street, home duties
SOURCE: ''Australian Electoral Commission'' 1903 - 1954 ELECTORAL ROLLS, transcribed from images viewed at Ancestry.com. by [[Parish-1283|Christine (Parish) Randall]]
Bell History
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BELL MCR FILES
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BELL TREE
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Bell X-1
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Bell X-14
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Bell X-5
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Bella Mae Dunavan
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Bella the Family Dog
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Bellach Family Reunion
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Bellah Family Bible Record
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[[Thomas-12891|'''Elizabeth Thomas''']], who married [[Bellah-45|Judge Walter William Bellah]] in 1821, Missouri. Their son: John Alfred Bellah (1828-1861), and
[[Thomas-48862|'''Mary Thomas''']] who married [[Humphreys-2997|Thomas Johnson Humphreys]] in 1834 and [[Huddleston-1833|Charles Huddleston]] in 1852. Their son: [[Huddleston-3173|Charles Huddleston Jr.]] This Bible record was kept by Paulina Bellah, wife of Charles Huddleston Jr. Paulina was the granddaughter of Elizabeth Thomas and daug. of John A. Bellah, and Charles was the son of Mary Thomas, which is why those 2 families are included.
Elizabeth & Mary's brother Ridley Thomas also kept a [https://www.wikitree.com/wiki/Space:Thomas_Family_Bible Thomas Bible record] '''Births:'''
Charles Huddleston, born Aug 18, 1855, marr. Mar 26 1876, died Mar 28, 1932 -- son-in-law of John A. Bellah
Pauline Bellah, born Aug 17, 1857, marr. Mar 26 1876, died Feb 22, 1923 -- daug of John A. Bellah
Myrtie L. Huddleston, born Jan 28, 1887 -- grand-daug of John A. Bellah, daug of Paulina
Ethel B. Huddleston, born Dec 24, 1881 -- grand-daug of John A. Bellah, daug of Paulina
Johnson Humphreys, born Mar 30, 1812 -- 1st husband of Mary Thomas
Mary Humphreys, born Dec 13, 1815 -- Mary Thomas Humphreys
Nancy Humphreys, bom Oct 22, 1835 -- daug of Mary Thomas
William Humphreys, born Sept 27, 1837 -- son of Mary Thomas
George M. Humpbreys, born Nov 22, 1840 -- son of Mary Thomas
James K. Humpbreys born June 17, 1843 -- son of Mary Thomas
Thomas J. Humpbreys born Nov 6, 1845 -- son of Mary Thomas
Charlie Huddlestun, born, Aug 18, 1855 -- son of Mary Thomas
Charles Huddlestun, "Senior", born June 26, 1796 -- 2nd husband of Mary Thomas
Myrtie L. Huddlestun, born Jan 28 1877 -- grand-daug of John A. Bellah, daug of Paulina
Ethel Byron Huddleston, born Dec 24, 1881 -- grand-daug of John A. Bellah, daug of Paulina
Pauline Bellah born Aug 17, 1857 -- daug. of John A. Bellah
Elizabeth Jane Bellah, born Oct 21, 1858 -- daug. of John A. Bellah
Susan Alaline Bellah, born July 8, 1860 -- daug of John A. Bellah
Walter Bellah born May 31, 1802 (age 73 years ??) -- father of John A. Bellah
Elizabeth Bellah, born May 9, 1805 (age at present 78 years) -- Elizabeth Thomas, wife of Walter Bellah
James Berton Humphreys, born Sept 5, 1870 -- grandson of Mary Thomas, son of T.J. Humphreys
John A. Bellah b Oct 27, 1826 -- son of Walter; he had sisters b 1826 & 1827, so he was prob b 1828
Fatha P Bellah, b Jan 3 1837 -- Faitha Perkins, wife of John Alfred Bellah '''Marriages:'''
John A. Bellah and Fatha Perkins was united in Holey Estate of Matrimony July 10, 1856.
Johnson Humphreys Marr. Mary Thomas on Dec 25, 1834.
Charles Huddlestun and Mary Humphreys Marr. On Dec 19 1852. '''Deaths:'''
Father Bellah, departed this sacred life August 7, 1866 -- [[Bellew-97|Walter Asa Bellah]], father of Walter William Bellah; Walter Wm. was still alive in 1870, age 68
Susan Adaline Bellah departed this sacred life February 8, 1861 -- [daug of [[Bellah-111|John Alfred Bellah]]]
John A. Bellah departed this life March 24, 1861 -- son of Walter Bellah
Walter Bellah departed this life February 4, 1875
Elizabeth Jane Bellah departed this sacred life June 22, 1875 --age 16, daug of John A.
Elizabeth Bellah departed this life Nov 2, 1880 -- wife of Walter W. Bellah
Johnson Humphreys, died March 1846 -- 1st husband of Mary Thomas
Charles Huddleston, died April 10, 1872 -- 2nd husband of Mary Thomas
William Humphreys, died December 27, 1883 -- son of Mary Thomas
Mary Huddleston, died October 18, 1885 -- Mary Thomas Humphreys Huddleston
Letty Humphrey, died March 13, 1906 -- Letty Huddleston, daug-in-law of Mary Thomas
Eliza Lewis, died no dates -- unknown
Pauline Huddleston, died Feb 22, 1923 (married Chas Huddlestun, Mar 26, 1876) -- daug of John A. Bellah
George M. Humphrey died June 9, 1924 -- son of Mary Thomas
Chas. Huddleston died March 28, 1932 -- son-in-law of John A. Bellah
Myrtie L. Huddleston, died February 27, 1949 -- grand-daug of John A. Bellah, daug of Paulina
Ethel Byron Davidson, died June 14, 1954 -- grand-daug of John A. Bellah, daug of Paulina
Belle Mina Plantation House
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Belle Vue - Putney
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Belle_Vue_-_Putney-8.png
Belle_Vue_-_Putney-9.png
Belle_Vue_-_Putney-7.png
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Belle_Vue_-_Putney-10.png
The printed map has a listing of houses in each road. The Upper Richmond Road (north side), lists the named villas between '''Carlton Road and Putney Hill''' that existed at this time, complete with names of residents. This is the stretch of the road that I am researching. == Census 1871== NOTE: Putney is listed as SURREY on 1871 Census. See District-9, Page 16 onwards 1871 England Census https://www.ancestry.co.uk/imageviewer/collections/7619/images/LNDRG10_717_719-0072?ssrc=&backlabel=Return
No's 1-15 Lime Villas and Prince of Wales pub is shown.
Next, south of the road we have East Limes with the Scott family who are also in 1891 and 1901 Census.
Next up is Letchmere Lodge and Dudley Villas.
Belle Vue is not listed. Houses either side are - Dudley Villas (but not Poole Villas, Eaton Villas or Bell Vue) and then Magdala Villas 1&2 on p17. Further research shows that Poole House and Eaton Villas were unoccupied so not listed on this Census. They are listed on the 1886 map. *By the late 1870s the Rawlinson family were living in BellVue. In 1878, [[Rawlinson-705|Charles Rawlinson]] (1805 - 1878) , the brother of [[Rawlinson-677|George Rawlinson]] was living at Bellvue. He died 23 December that year: "1 December 1884 - The Will of Charles Rawlinson formerly of Church House Lewisham in the County of Kent but late of Belle Vue Upper-Richmond-road Putney in the County of Surrey who died 23 December 1878 at Belle Vue was proved at the Principal Registry by [[Rawlinson-727|Alfred Rawlinson]] of Hermitage Lodge Barnes in the County of Surrey Esquire, the Son the sole Executor"Charles Rawlinson in the England & Wales, National Probate Calendar (Index of Wills and Administrations), 1858-1995. Death Date: 23 Dec 1878, Death Place: Surrey, England. Probate Date: 1 Dec 1884. https://www.ancestry.co.uk/discoveryui-content/view/2798602:1904. == Census 1881== Census 1881 Putney - District-9 1881 England Census. Class: RG11; Piece: 663; Folio: 21; Page: 36; GSU roll: 1341154 https://search.ancestry.co.uk/cgi-bin/sse.dll?db=uki1881&indiv=try&h=21044652.
The Ross family lived at Belle Vue in 1881. No house number at this time.
The following family members are listed in the Census...
*[[Rawlinson-676 | Anna Ross]] (wife- Head of house) *[[Ross-23110 | Edith FE Ross]] (Daughter) *[[Ross-23112 | Annie Ross]] (Daughter) *[[Ross-23094 | Susan Ross]] (Daughter) *[[Ross-22909|Ellen Ross]] (Daughter) *[[Rawlinson-677 | George Rawlinson]] (Father in Law) *[[Stone-19826|Annie Stone]] (Housemaid) *[[O'keefe-1245|Mary O'Keefe]] (Cook) == Census 1891== Census 1891 Putney - District-12 - Page-4 - House No:81 - Shedule-58 1891 England Census https://www.ancestry.co.uk/imageviewer/collections/6598/images/LNDRG12_453_455-0027?treeid=&personid=&hintid=&queryId=6fd4fd26da873457c83449e1e5c0417b&usePUB=true&_phsrc=rNq44&_phstart=successSource&usePUBJs=true&_ga=2.231972758.881723757.1601458690-2092812781.1600805052&pId=11591089Mary E Schollar in the 1891 England Census. The National Archives of the UK (TNA); Kew, Surrey, England; Census Returns of England and Wales, 1891; Class: RG12; Piece: 453; Folio: 59; Page: 2; GSU roll: 6095563
'''Belle Vue is now called number 81'''. *[[Schooler-210| Schollar, Mary E]]. (General servant) There are no others listed so house being cared for at this time.
Note about the translation of the 1891 Census. Mary E Schollar is listed as part of the "Hart" household (no: 77) but on the actual return itself she is clearly shown to be living at no: 811891 England Census. The National Archives of the UK (TNA); Kew, Surrey, England; Census Returns of England and Wales, 1891; Class: RG12; Piece: 453; Folio: 59; Page: 2; GSU roll: 6095563 https://search.ancestry.co.uk/cgi-bin/sse.dll?dbid=6598&h=11581477&indiv=try&o_vc=Record:OtherRecord&rhSource=76191891 England Census https://www.ancestry.co.uk/imageviewer/collections/6598/images/LNDRG12_453_455-0027?treeid=&personid=&hintid=&queryId=6fd4fd26da873457c83449e1e5c0417b&usePUB=true&_phsrc=rNq44&_phstart=successSource&usePUBJs=true&_ga=2.231972758.881723757.1601458690-2092812781.1600805052&pId=11591089&clickref=1101lddBr63P%2C1101lddBr63P&adref=&o_xid=01011l4JYM&o_lid=01011l4JYM&o_sch=Affiliate%2BExternal. == Census 1901== Census 1901 Putney - District -13 - Page-37 - House no:81 - Shedule-1751901 England Census https://www.ancestry.co.uk/imageviewer/collections/7814/images/LNDRG13_490_491-0412?ssrc=&backlabel=Return1901 England Census. Class: RG13; Piece: 491; Folio: 22; Page: 36 https://search.ancestry.co.uk/cgi-bin/sse.dll?indiv=1&dbid=7814&h=3684680&tid=&pid=&queryId=406c5552552432f004f96fdf5e0e5b7f&usePUB=true&_phsrc=Gde2518&_phstart=successSource *[[Trehearne-9|Alfred Thomas Trehearne]] (Head of house) *[[Aldridge-2636|Helen Trehearne]] (Wife) *[[Trehearne-10|Alfred FA Trehearne]] (Son) *[[Trehearne-11|Edward S Trehearne]] (Son) *[[Trehearne-12|Herbert S Trehearne]] (Son) *[[Priest-2836|Lilian BC Priest]] (Servant) *[[Smith-230608|Lilian Smith]] (Servant) == Census 1911== Census 1911 Wandsworth - Putney - District -13 - Page-24 - House no: 991911 England Census. Class: RG14; Piece: 2444. https://search.ancestry.co.uk/cgi-bin/sse.dll?indiv=1&dbid=2352&gsfn=John&gsln=Bland&cp=0&msbdy=1849&msbpn__ftp=wales%2c+united+kingdom&msbpn=5250&new=1&rank=1&uidh=i5y&redir=false&msT=1&gss=angs-d&pcat=35&fh=0&h=608167&recoff=&ml_rpos=1&hovR=1
'''Belle Vue is now called number 99''' *[[Bland-255|John Bland]] (Head) *[[Day-1423|Sarah Ann Bevans Bland]] (Wife) *[[Collins-28336|Mary Louisa Collins]] (Housekeeper) == Census 1921== The 1921 Census has finally arrived (January 2022). The same family is living at No: 99, John Bland and his wife Sarah Anne. Mary Collins is no longer living here, but William Piper, a male nurse is now listed '''1921 Census''': "1921 Census Of England & Wales"
Archive: The National Archives; Series: RG 15; Piece number: 02502; District reference: RD 26 RS 10 ED 13
[https://www.findmypast.co.uk/transcript?id=GBC/1921/RG15/02502/0503/01 FindMyPast Transcription] (accessed 15 January 2022)
John Bland (73), married, Marine Insurance Broker, head of household at 99 Upper Richmond Road, Putney in Wandsworth registration district. Born in Swansea, Glamorganshire, Wales. Employed by (Retired). . *[[Bland-255|John Bland]] (Head) *[[Day-1423|Sarah Ann Bevans Bland]] (Wife) *William Piper (occupation - male Nurse) born in 1883 in Eastbourne, Sussex, 38 years old in 1921 Awaiting the Census to see what it will contain! == Location of Belle Vue == I am using the excellent London Borough of Wandsworth borough maps, these are crown copyright free to use for non-commercial basisAurora Maps. https://maps.wandsworth.gov.uk/map/Aurora.svc/run?script=%5cAurora%5cpublic_Historic.AuroraScript%24&nocache=452462000&resize=always.
The naming and numbering of the houses on the south side of Upper Richmond Road (East) has changed a couple of times. This became apparent whilst checking to see if some families appeared in more than one Census, and looking at their addresses. The "Hart Family" appear in the 1881 (1, Poole Villas), 1891 (Now called no: 77) and 1901Census (no: 77). The same with the Scott family (East Limes becomes no: 69).
However, the "Price Family" appear in the 1881, 1891, 1901 Census (2, Acacia Villas becoming no: 95) but in the 1911 Census the address has changed (now its no: 113). {{Image|file=Belle_Vue_-_Putney-8.png |align=l |size=m |caption=Belle Vue, 99 Upper Richmond Road (1930s) }} Researching individual histories of the houses nearby, I found this article on the occupant of 3, Acacia Villas: ''Oates was born at 3 Acacia Villas, Putney, on March 17th, 1880. The street and number were changed to 93 Upper Richmond Road, Putney, on February 18th, 1881. On June 21st, 1904 it was again re-numbered to No 111 Upper Richmond Road, Putney''L. E. G. Oates' London house. Episode: 4. Site Numbers: 086, 476. Date Posted: 20 April 1996. Update 8 March 2000. Location: 309 Upper Richmond Road, London SW15, England. Type: Building. http://www.antarctic-circle.org/E04.htm. Now knowing that 3, Acacia Villas is now called no: 111 on the 1930s onwards maps, '''Belle Vue (no: 81 in 1891 and 1901 Census) is no: 99 in the 1911 Census - see 1930s Map [https://www.wikitree.com/photo/png/Belle_Vue_-_Putney-8].''' I have also cross checked other families that appear in more than Census and this rule still applies (Barnards, Casewell, Elliotts and the Carters, Dacies, Warners, Smiths) to all. A couple of families have moved house it appears, as well. == Pictures & Maps== {{Image|file=Belle_Vue_-_Putney-9.png |align=l |size=l |caption=Upper Richmond Road today (2015) }} Note-Google Images may be used, see guidelines hereGoogle Maps, Google Earth, and Street View. General guidelines. https://about.google/brand-resource-center/products-and-services/geo-guidelines/
These are Google images of the area today. In about the 1970s the southside of the road was completely redeveloped and office blocks replaced the large villas.
This image is facing south, with the Prince of Wales public house on the left. The tall thin building on the other side of the road on the right hand side (with red street sign in front) is no: 101-107 which is next to where Belle Vue would have been.
{{Image|file=Belle_Vue_-_Putney-10.png |align=l |size=l |caption=Upper Richmond Road looking east (2015) }}
On the north side of the road, the houses are the original ones, numbering from the Prince of Wales (no: 138) to the distant house at the railway bridge (no: 94)
==Further Research== There are excellent online mapping tools available, example here of the National Library of Scotland's geo-referenced mapNational Library of Scotland's geo-referenced map. https://maps.nls.uk/geo/explore/#zoom=17&lat=51.45911&lon=-0.21442&layers=168&b=1 and the Wandsworth Aurora map as previously mentionedWandsworth Aurora map. https://maps.wandsworth.gov.uk/map/Aurora.svc/run?script=%5cAurora%5cpublic_Historic.AuroraScript%24&nocache=452462000&resize=always. Both allow historical mapping searches. EastEast Putney Conservation Area Appraisal & Management Strategy. https://www.wandsworth.gov.uk/media/1613/east_putney_caams.pdf and WestWest Putney Conservation Area Appraisal & Management Strategy. https://www.wandsworth.gov.uk/media/1714/west_putney_caams_final_small.pdf Putney conservation appraisal reports are a great resource. They show how the areas used to look with maps showing the history of development of the streets. There are some excellent historical photographs that give an idea of the substantial villas along Upper Richmond Road. See page-19, figure 8 & 9 in the West Putney document for a couple of excellent period photographs. == The Railway == A quick history of the nearby station gives a feel of how the area was developing.
The station was opened by the District Railway (DR, now the District line) on 3 June 1889 on an extension from Putney Bridge station to Wimbledon. The extension was built by the London and South Western Railway (L&SWR) which, starting on 1 July 1889, ran its own trains over the line via an eastward-facing loop that joins the Clapham Junction to Barnes main line. The section of the District line from Putney Bridge to Wimbledon was the last part of the line to be converted from steam operation to electric. Electric trains began running on 27 August 1905East Putney tube station- Wikipedia page. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/East_Putney_tube_station Image (B/W print) of East Putney Station hereB/W print; East Putney Underground station, District line, Oct 1955. London Transport Museum. https://www.ltmuseum.co.uk/collections/collections-online/photographs/item/1998-55134 == Sources ==
Bellehumeur/Belhumeur/Belhemeur
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Harry Lyons Son Single Male 24 born 1877 House furnisher birthplace - London, Middlesex, England
And a servant. * Harris (or Harry) Rosengarten married Estelle Woolf, daughter of Nathan E and Ethel. Nathan E Woolf in 1939 1939 Register The Haven Fish Lane, Bognor Regis, Bognor Regis U.D., Sussex, England https://www.findmypast.co.uk/transcript?id=TNA/R39/2580/2580D/013/25&expand=true
Belmont , Mississippi ( Gum Springs)
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Ben Latta's Ancestors
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Beneficiaries of the Will of Lieut-Col John Bell
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::had Gershom, and Abigail, both bapt. 12 June 1670; and perhaps Benj- ::amin, and Eliz. June 1684; had license to sell beer and cider, 1670, ::Felt, I. 418. 2 Mass.Hist. Coll. VIII. 106. The name is there kept up, ::and Edward Ashber, Beverly, freem. 1683, may be descend. ANTHONY, ::New London 1688, prob. s. of the preced. tho. Caulkins, 351, considers ::him the same, had Anthony, and two ds. Mary, and Hannah, old eno. to ::join the ch. Feb. 1694. There, too, descend. were seen. BENJAMIN, Salem ::1674, s. perhaps of Anthony the first, by w. Hannah had John, bapt. June ::1693; Jonathan, 23 Sept. 1694; and prob. others. He was a shipbuild. ::EDWARD, Beverly, freem. 1683, perhaps s. of the first Anthony. Felt. ::THOMAS, New Haven, whose goods were order. to be apprais. 3 Apr. ::1640, as he was lately drown. in co. with Thomas Johnson. Sometimes, ::perhaps, the first Anthony may be print. Ashley. (i) Of the first four children Savage associated (directly or "perhaps") with Anthony, none are reasonably known to have been his children. The four baptisms are shown in the published records of First Church in Salem (1865) as follows. *1670: June 12. Gershom & Abigail of Mrs. Ashby."Baptisms of the First Church in Salem," Henry Wheatland, ed., ''Essex Institute Historical Collections'' 7 (1865): 16; [http://hdl.handle.net/2027/uva.x000383322?urlappend=%3Bseq=24 digital images, ''Hathi Trust'' (accessed 2013)], for entry of 1670, June 12. *1684: June 15. Benjamin, Elizabeth of s[ister] Jon. Ashby."Baptisms of the First Church in Salem," Henry Wheatland, ed., ''Essex Institute Historical Collections'' 7 (1865): 124; [http://hdl.handle.net/2027/uva.x000383322?urlappend=%3Bseq=132 digital images, ''Hathi Trust'' (accessed 2013)], for entry of 1684, June 15. As is often problematic, these baptisms were recorded by the church under the mothers' names. The children's heritage becomes apparent when information from additional historical record collections is also considered. For example *In the 1670 record, [[Hutchinson-413|Abigail (Hutchinson) (Lambert) Ashby]] was baptizing [[Lambert-3312|Gershom Lambert]] and [[Lambert-1239|Abigail Lambert]] who were both born to the mother's first marriage to [[Lambert-607|John Lambert]]. (Both births were recorded at Rowley, Massachusetts--Gershom in 1664,''Vital Records of Rowley, Massachusetts, to the end of the year 1849'' (1928), 126 for Abigaill Lambert (1665); [http://ma-vitalrecords.org/MA/Essex/Rowley/Images/Rowley_B126.shtml digital images, ''Massachusetts Vital Records Project'' (accessed 2013)]. Record reads, "LAMBERT, Gershom, s. John, July 29, 1664." and Abigail in 1665.''Vital Records of Rowley, Massachusetts, to the end of the year 1849'' (1928), 126 for Abigaill Lambert (1665); [http://ma-vitalrecords.org/MA/Essex/Rowley/Images/Rowley_B126.shtml digital images, ''Massachusetts Vital Records Project'' (accessed 2013)]. Record reads, "LAMBERT, Abigaill, d. John and Abigaill, 9: 10m: 1665.") *In 1684, Benjamin Ashby's first wife, [[Hill-12091|Johanna Hill]], was baptizing her two children, [[Ashby-767|Benjamin Ashby]] and [[Ashby-768|Elizabeth Ashby]]. These are surely the two Ashby children later referred to as "my grandchildren" in the will of [[Hill-12092|Zebulon Hill]] dated 1699."Essex County, MA: Probate File Papers, 1638-1840," database and [http://www.americanancestors.org/PageDetail.aspx?recordId=245360693 digital images, ''AmericanAncestors.org'' (accessed 2013)], entry for Zebulon Hill, file 13310 (7 pp.); 1699[/1700]; in particular, indexed page "13310-2." Will dated 29 March 1699 (proved 11 March 1699/[1700]). (ii) Savage expressed conflicts about the identities he had reported for Anthony Ashby and his son, Anthony, but seems to have been unaware that the identities of Benjamin and his son Benjamin had also been confused. For example *As above, Savage associated the Benjamin Ashby baptized in 1684 as "perhaps" the son of Anthony Ashby and then referred to the man noticed in 1674 using the same expression ("perhaps s. of Anthony")--but these were more likely two different Benjamins--the son (1684) and his father (1674) of the same name. *Savage identified the Benjamin Ashby whose children were baptized in the 1690s as a "shipbuilder," but this is not shown in the records. He was more likely the "sawyer" who acquired land at Salem in 1674 and died there, 1713, calling out sons [[Ashby-766|Jonathan]], [[Ashby-767|Benjamin]] and [[Ashby-764|John]]--surely the children born/baptized 1694, 1684 and 1693, respectively. It was the sawyer's son, Benjamin Ashby, Jr.--married Salem, 27 December 1700 (27: 10 mo: 1700), to Elizabeth Priest''Vital records of Salem, Massachusetts, to the end of the year 1849'', 6 vols (1916-1925), 3:61, for Ashby-Priest (1700); [http://ma-vitalrecords.org/MA/Essex/Salem/Images/SalemV3_M061.shtml digital images, ''Massachusetts Vital Records Project'' (accessed 2013)]. Entry reads, "[ASHBY,] Benjamin, and Elizabeth Priest, 27: 10 m: 1700. CT. R." citing "court records, Essex Co. Quarterly Court." and died in 1718"Essex County, MA: Probate File Papers, 1638-1840," database and digital images, ''AmericanAncestors.org'' (accessed 2013), entry for Benjamin Ashby, file 889 (7 pp.); 1718. Includes his will dated 31 March 1718, proved 16 April 1718. leaving no children--who is commonly shown in the records to have been a shipwright. (e) Errors or notable oversights in print--Perley (1900) (f) Errors or notable oversights in print--Perley (1926) As to the early family, Sidney Perley seems to have mostly relied upon the earlier work of James Savage. In ''History of Salem'', Perley repeats what seems the most serious of Savage's flaws, reporting that Anthony Ashby (m. Abigail Hutchinson) was the father of the four children baptized at Salem in 1670 and 1684. Perley's entry is void of references to other children, including Anthony Ashby, Jr., and it makes no mention of either Connecticut or Connecticut records. (g) Errors or notable oversights in print--Robert L. Ashby (1941) (1955) In the preface to his 1955 work, ''[http://hdl.handle.net/2027/wu.89062846308?urlappend=%3Bseq=13 Ashby and Badger Ancestry]'', Robert L. Ashby wrote, : "… it is the hope that this work will be a torch or an incentive for others to continue the work and make the record more complete." And also, :"The records given here show the facts as far as my efforts have revealed them. Let me state that there is no such thing as a perfect Genealogical record. In my research I have found many discrepancies. Do not look for perfection here. It is my hope and prayer that this record maybe of help to all who are truly a interested in their ancestors." Much remains to be learned about the Ashby, Hill and other interconnected families. As with all genealogical work, findings such as those expressed here are subject to review and update based on improved historical discovery and insight. == Sources ==
Benjamin Ashby's Conflicted FindAGrave record
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Benjamin Brink Mystery Ancestry
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Date of report: 2024-05-01 17:06:59 Date of Data: 28 Apr 2024