[[Category:Birth, Death, and Marriage Records]][[Category: Europe, Sources]] [[Category:Norway Genealogy Resources]] An attempt at a list of online searchable indexes of Births, Deaths and Marriages. *[http://arkivverket.no/Digitalarkivet DigitalArkivet]. Free. The primary go-to site for Norwegian sources. Here you will find scanned and digitized Parish records and many other original sources, such as probates, censuses, deeds, court journals etc. *[http://www.disnorge.no/genress/ Genealogical Resources] *[https://www.familysearch.org/search/catalog/results#count=20&query=%2Bplace%3ANorway Norwegian Collections at Family Search] *[http://www.cyndislist.com/norway/ Cyndi's List Norway]

See: [[Category:Buskerud, Norway]] ==Buskerud, Norway== '''Buskerud''' is a county in Norway, bordering: :'''Akershus''' and '''Oslo''', to the East :'''Oppland''' and '''Sogn og Fjordane''', on the North :'''Hordaland''' on the West :'''Telemark''' and '''Vestfold''', to the South. * [[:Category:Bragernes, Buskerud, Norway]] * [[:Category:Drammen, Buskerud, Norway]] * [[:Category:Eiker, Buskerud, Norway]] * [[:Category:Fiskum, Buskerud, Norway]] * [[:Category:Flesberg, Buskerud, Norway]] * [[:Category:Flå, Buskerud, Norway]] * [[:Category:Gol, Buskerud, Norway]] * [[:Category:Haug, Buskerud, Norway]] * [[:Category:Hemsedal, Buskerud, Norway]] * [[:Category:Hol, Buskerud, Norway]] * [[:Category:Hole, Buskerud, Norway]] * [[:Category:Hurum, Buskerud, Norway]] * [[:Category:Hønefoss, Buskerud, Norway]] * [[:Category:Kongsberg, Buskerud, Norway]] * [[:Category:Krødsherad, Buskerud, Norway]] * [[:Category:Lier, Buskerud, Norway]] * [[:Category:Lunder, Buskerud, Norway]] * [[:Category:Modum, Buskerud, Norway]] * [[:Category:Nedre Eiker, Buskerud, Norway]] * [[:Category:Nes, Buskerud, Norway]] * [[:Category:Norderhov, Buskerud, Norway]] * [[:Category:Nore, Buskerud, Norway]] * [[:Category:Nore og Uvdal, Buskerud, Norway]] * [[:Category:Ringerike, Buskerud, Norway]] * [[:Category:Rollag, Buskerud, Norway]] * [[:Category:Røyken, Buskerud, Norway]] * [[:Category:Sandsvær, Buskerud, Norway]] * [[:Category:Sigdal, Buskerud, Norway]] * [[:Category:Skoger, Buskerud, Norway]] * [[:Category:Strømsgodset, Buskerud, Norway]] * [[:Category:Strømsø, Buskerud, Norway]] * [[:Category:Sylling, Buskerud, Norway]] * [[:Category:Tyristrand, Buskerud, Norway]] * [[:Category:Uvdal, Buskerud, Norway]] * [[:Category:Øvre Eiker, Buskerud, Norway]] * [[:Category:Øvre Sandsvær, Buskerud, Norway]] * [[:Category:Ytre Sandsvær, Buskerud, Norway]] * [[:Category:Ådal, Buskerud, Norway]] * [[:Category:Ål, Buskerud, Norway]] * [[:Category:Åssiden, Buskerud, Norway]] See: *An informative [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buskerud '''Wikipedia'''] article about Buskerud. * Buskerud Genealogy Help:[[https://familysearch.org/wiki/en/Buskerud_County,_Norway_Genealogy Help]] ------ ==Parishes (prestegjeld) in Buskerud, Norway before 2004== *[[:Category: Drammen, Buskerud, Norway|Drammen ]] *[[:Category: Flesberg Parish | Flesberg]] *[[:Category: Flå Parish | Flå]] *[[:Category: Gol Parish | Gol]] *[[:Category: Hemsedal Parish | Hemsedal]] *[[:Category: Hol Parish | Hol]] *[[:Category: Hole Parish | Hole]] *[[:Category: Hurum Parish | Hurum]] *[[:Category: Hønefoss Parish | Hønefoss]] *[[:Category: Kongsberg Parish | Kongsberg]] *[[:Category: Krødsherad Parish | Krødsherad]] *[[:Category: Lier Parish | Lier]] *[[:Category: Modum Parish | Modum]] *[[:Category: Nedre Eiker Parish | Nedre Eiker]] *[[:Category: Nes Parish | Nes]] *[[:Category: Norderhov Parish | Norderhov]] *[[:Category: Nore Parish | Nore]] *[[:Category: Rollag Parish | Rollag]] *[[:Category: Røyken Parish | Røyken]] *[[:Category: Sigdal Parish | Sigdal]] *[[:Category: Tyristrand Parish | Tyristrand]] *[[:Category: Uvdal Parish | Uvdal]] *[[:Category: Ytre Sandsvær Parish | Ytre Sandsvær]] *[[:Category: Øvre Eiker Parish | Øvre Eiker]] *[[:Category: Øvre Sandsvær Parish | Øvre Sandsvær]] *[[:Category: Ådal Parish | Ådal]] *[[:Category: Ål Parish | Ål]]

[[Category:Norway]] '''This page is being reconstructed.''' ===Geographic Divisions=== Norway is commonly divided into five major geographical regions (landsdeler). However these regions are purely geographical, and have no administrative purpose. More commonly genealogy information is found at the County and Parish level. {{Image|file=Norway_images.png |align=r |size=m |caption=Norway with its counties. }} The Counties (Fylke) of Norway are: Northern Norway (Nord-Norge/Nord-Noreg): : [[:Category: Finnmark, Norway|Finnmark]] : [[:Category: Troms, Norway|Troms]] : [[:Category: Nordland, Norway|Nordland]] Trøndelag (alt. Midt-Norge/Midt-Noreg) : [[:Category: Nord-Trøndelag, Norway| Nord-Trøndelag]] : [[:Category: Sør-Trøndelag, Norway|Sør-Trøndelag]] Western Norway (Vestlandet) : [[:Category: Møre og Romsdal, Norway| Møre og Romsdal]] : [[:Category: Sogn og Fjordane, Norway| Sogn og Fjordane]] : [[:Category: Hordaland, Norway| Hordaland]] : [[:Category: Rogaland, Norway| Rogaland]] Southern Norway (Sørlandet or Agder) : [[:Category: Vest-Agder, Norway| Vest-Agder]] : [[:Category: Aust-Agder, Norway| Aust-Agder]] Eastern Norway (Østlandet/Austlandet) : [[:Category: Telemark, Norway| Telemark]] : [[:Category: Buskerud, Norway| Buskerud]] : [[:Category: Hedmark, Norway| Hedmark]] : [[:Category: Oppland, Norway| Oppland]] : [[:Category: Akershus, Norway| Akershus]] : [[:Category: Oslo, Norway| Oslo]] : [[:Category: Vestfold, Norway|Vestfold]] : [[:Category: Østfold, Norway|Østfold]]

[[Category:Norway]] So far just an image of the counties. For flags see [[Space:Norwegian_Flags|Norwegian Flags]]

Back to [[:Project: Norway]] The purpose of this page is to gather helpful resources for Norwegian genealogy research. Some info can be found within WikiTree but there are also some outside links listed here. To start with, please review * Norway Project - Norwegian Profile Standards (work in progress) == All about Sources == * '''Original sources''' ** [https://www.digitalarkivet.no/ Digitalarkivet (Digital Archives)] - parish records, censuses, probates, and much more from the National Archives of Norway *** [https://www.digitalarkivet.no/en/search/persons/advanced Advanced Person Search] *** [https://www.digitalarkivet.no/en/search/sources Find Source] *** [https://media.digitalarkivet.no/en Scanned Archives] ** [https://www.familysearch.org/search/catalog/results#count=20&query=%2Bplace%3ANorway Norwegian Collections at FamilySearch] ** [https://www.wikitree.com/wiki/Space:Norway_Project_Reliable_Sources Sources for Pre-1700 Profiles in Norway] - a guide to reliable sources ** [[Space:Birth_Death_and_Marriage_Records_-_Norway|Birth Death and Marriage Records - Norway]] ** [https://www.wikitree.com/wiki/Space:Norway_Resources Resources for Norway] * '''Secondary sources''' ** [https://www.wikitree.com/wiki/Space:Norway_Farm_and_Family_Books Norway Farm and Family Books (Bygdebøker)] ** [https://www.genealogi.no/wiki/index.php/Liste_over_digitaliserte_bygdeb%C3%B8ker Liste over digitaliserte bygdebøker] - List of digitized farm books ** [[Space:List_of_online_genealogical_books|List of online genealogical books (Nordic related)]] ** [[: Space:Nordic_Project%2C_Image_resources_online|Nordic Project, Image resources online]] - Where to find images of gravestones, portraits, newspapers. ** [https://www.histreg.no/index.php/search Historisk befolkningsregister (HBR)] - national historical population register (work in progress) ** [https://www.slektogdata.no/gravminner/finn-en-grav Gravminner (Slekt og Data)] - database for gravestones in Norway ** [https://www.nb.no/samlingen/aviser Aviser på nett (Nasjonalbibliotek)] - online historical Norwegian newspapers * '''See also:''' [https://www.wikitree.com/wiki/Space:Norway_Project_-_Source_Citation_Format Norway Project - Source Citation Format] for example source citations. == Categories == Profiles should always be placed in the lowest location category possible. That usually means the parish category where the person was born, married, lived for a very long period of time or died. It should never be the country, province, county or hundred. Sometimes even a smaller category within the parish can be used. This could be the farm, croft or village. It should not be a specific street address and number. That information belongs in the biography of the profile. === Geographical Categories and Resource Pages=== * [[Space:Norwegian_Parish_Categories|Norwegian Location Category Structure]] * [https://www.wikitree.com/wiki/Space:Norway Geographic Divisions] * [https://www.arkivverket.no/slektsgranskning/historikk-for-prestegjeld-og-sogn Historikk for prestegjeld og sogn (parish histories)] == Language == * [[:Space:Nordic_Language_Alphabets|Nordic Language Alphabets]] * FamilySearch ** [https://www.familysearch.org/en/wiki/Norwegian_Genealogical_Word_List Norwegian Genealogical Word List] ** [https://www.familysearch.org/en/wiki/Norwegian_Dialect_Word_List Norwegian Dialect Word List] ** [https://www.familysearch.org/en/wiki/Norway_Feast_Day_Calendars Norway Feast Day Calendars] === Norwegian Names === * [[Space:Norway_Project_Naming_Conventions|How to enter Norwegian Names in WikiTree]] === Norwegian special letters === Please use the correct letters when writing Norwegian names. If your keyboard does not support some of these letters, please copypaste them from the list below. {| class="wikitable" style="table-layout: fixed; width: 10em; text-align: center;" |- ! style="background: #efefef; font-weight: normal;" colspan="3" | '''Capital letters''' |- | Å || Æ || Ø |- ! style="background: #efefef; font-weight: normal;" colspan="3" | '''Lower case letters''' |- | å || æ || ø |} == Templates and Stickers == * [[Space:Norway Project - Template and Stickers|Norwegian Templates and Stickers]] and how to apply them. == WikiTree == * [[Help:Glossary]] * [[Space:WikiTree%20Abbreviations%20&%20Acronyms]] * [[Space:Biography_Creation_Helper]] Please do not use any AutoBio app on unsourced profiles.

[[Category: Norway]][[Category: Norway Project]][[Category:Norwegian Projects]] {{Image|file=Norway_Project_-_MiniChallenge.jpg |align=r |size=m |caption=Peer Gynt in the Jungle Street Art }} ==MiniChallenge 2023-2024== Are you interested in joining a WikiTree Thon or Challenge, but feel intimidated by the strict deadline or the large number of participants? Do you want to have fun and learn from the WikiTree Community, but at your own pace and without pressure? Then you might enjoy this MiniChallenge! This MiniChallenge is a great way to get familiar with how a Thon or a Challenge works, while also improving the profiles of Norway Notables. You will have the opportunity to communicate with fellow WikiTreers and discover more about the history and genealogy of Norway. We are trying to connect some of the winners of the Peer Gynt Prize (Norwegian Notables) to the tree and build up their trees. Your task is to build out their trees, connect them to the Global Tree, and add sources and biographies to profiles as needed. The MiniChallenge will start on 22 December 2023 and end on 1 Aug 2024. The start date is winter soltice, the shortest day of the year in the Northern latitudes. The End date is the beginning of the kulturfestivalen Peer Gynt, at which the annual award is presented. A short description of the prize, a link to the wikipedia page for the prize, and a list of winners can be viewed at [[Space:Peer_Gynt_Prize|Peer Gynt Prize]]. As an aside, here is a little information about winter solstice. Since, the sun does not "rise" in some areas of Norway during the solstice, we will discuss civil twilight. During civil twilight, the sun is within 6 degrees of the horizon, and usually supplies enough natural light to perform outdoor activities. In Oslo, the capital of Norway, there will be 5 hours 53 minutes and 56 seconds of daylight with 58 minutes of civil twilight in both the morning and evening, for a total time of 7 hours 49 minutes during which sufficient natural light exists for normal outdoor activities.https://www.timeanddate.com/sun/norway/oslo?month=12 In Tromsø, "Northern Norway's Biggest City" the sun will not rise and civil twilight will last 4 hours and 41 minutes.https://www.timeanddate.com/sun/norway/tromsohttps://www.lifeinnorway.net/tromso-norway/ == Peer Gynt Award Winners == A list of the minichallenge profiles: (More may be added during the challenge) {| border="1" class="wikitable sortable" |- align=center ! scope="col" |Award Year ! scope="col" |Award Winner ! scope="col" class="unsortable"|Photograph ! scope="col" |Notable for ! scope="col" |Birth ! scope="col" |Death ! scope="col" |Born at ! scope="col" |Lived at ! scope="col" |Starting CC7 ! scope="col" |Current CC7 ! scope="col" |CC7 Change ! scope="col" |Connection Status |- align=center |1971 || [[Gerhardsen-13|Einar Henry Gerhardsen]] ||[[Image:Gerhardsen-13.jpg|125px]] ||former prime minister of Norway || 1897 || 1987 || Asker, Akerhus, Norge || Oslo, Norge || 0 ||112 || +112 (+0 from last update) || '''Connected''' |- align=center |1974 || [[Bye-796|Erik Erikssønn Bye]] ||[[Image:Bye-796.jpg|125px]]||journalist and performer, known for his radio and TV personalities || 1926 || 2004 || Brooklyn, New York, United States || Hvalstad, Asker, Akerhus, Norge; London; United States ||0 || 73|| +73 (+46 from last update) || Connected |- align=center |1999 || [[Heyerdahl-55|Thor Heyerdahl]] ||[[Image:Heyerdahl-55.jpg|125px]]||adventurer and ethnographer ||1914 || 2002 || Larvik, Vestfold || throughout world || 595 || 633 || +38 (+10 from last update) || Connected |} : Updated by [[Ellingson-287|Ellingson-287]] 03:03, 28 December 2023 (UTC) : Updated by [[Ellingson-287|Ellingson-287]] 00:49, 5 January 2024 (UTC) : Updated by [[Ellingson-287|Ellingson-287]] 06:27, 27 February 2024 (UTC) : Updated by [[Ellingson-287|Ellingson-287]] 17:27, 29 April 2024 (UTC) == How to Join the MiniChallenge== That is easy, you don't have to do anything. Just start building trees for the Profiles in the Challenge, by adding profiles for their relatives. We have three main goals: # Connect the MiniChallenge main Profile to the Global Tree (if not already connected). # Build up the tree by adding their Ancestors. # Build out the tree sideways by adding siblings, spouses of the siblings, cousins, In-laws and so forth, as far and wide as possible. Simply pick a Profile to work on and start building. What we do ask you to do is to '''Communicate''': * Let us know which profile you have picked. * What are you planning to work on? * Have you found something interesting? * Do you need help with something? * Can you see that someone else is working on a profile, that you would like to work on, then write to them directly. * If someone is working on the paternal line, maybe you could work on the maternal line. The important thing is to communicate, so you don't step on each others toes. == How and where to Communicate== For the purpose of the MiniChallenge there are two ways to Communicate: # Answer the G2G post. (add link to G2G post) # Join us on Discord. If you have finished Part 1 of the Nordic Trail, you will have received a invitation to Discord. The Nordic Project uses [https://groups.google.com/?hl=en&pli=1#!forum/wikitrees-nordic-project Google Groups] for communication. But, when participating in Thons and Challenges, we prefer to use either G2G or Discord. ==How to Join the Project== If you haven't already, you can join the Nordic Project and the (country) Project. It's not a requirement, but the purpose of the MiniChallenge is for you to get to know the community. The Projects are a big part of that. In order to join any project on WikiTree, you must first be a WikiTree member. If you are not yet a WikiTree member, see '''[[Help:How_to_Use_WikiTree|How to Use WikiTree]]''' to get started. You should also be willing to actively participate in the project and contribute to the project's goals. We recognize that people lead busy lives and may not be active on WikiTree every single week of the year, but you should at least have the ''intention'' to contribute towards the project's goals on a somewhat regular basis. Since Norway Project now is a sub-project of Nordic Project you will find more info on how to join on the [[Project:Nordic|Nordic Project page]]. == Sources ==

[[Category:Norway Project]] [[Category:Norway, Maintenance Categories]] Back to [[:Project: Norway]] Norway Project relies on the project members to contribute with corrections and improvements in order to make the Norwegian profiles look their best. If we could all help out, even a little bit, once in a while, it would help improve WikiTree. Listed below are some ways you can help improving Norwegian profiles. You can also add categories as well as some of the [[Space:Norway_Project_-_Template_and_Stickers|templates and stickers]] available for Norwegian profiles. If you have a question about the topics below, not answered by the text, please ask in the WikiTree Nordic Google Group or in G2G. == Adding profiles == Of course, you could be working on adding your own Norwegian family ancestors, but if you should have some extra time there are other Norwegian profiles that could use some help in order to be connected to "the big Wiki Tree". Check out the links below; * [[:Category: Norway Project Needs Profiles Created]] * [[:Category: Norway, Needs Profiles Created]] * [[:Automated:DD_Unconnected_List_NOR]] Before adding profiles, you might want to check out the pages regarding [[:Space:Norway_Project_Naming_Conventions|How to enter Norwegian Names in WikiTree]] and please also use [[Space:Norway_Project_-_Genealogy_Resources#Norwegian_special_letters|Norwegian special letters]] to keep the spelling correct. == Cleaning up "Gedcom Junk" == A "gedcom" is a file format that contains family tree info that can be uploaded or imported to another place or device. When such a file is imported/uploaded to WikiTree a lot of "junk text" might be added as well. Please read the help page [[Help: GEDCOM-Created_Biographies]] in order to understand what is considered "junk" and can be removed. There is no easy way to locate any "gedcom junk" on your own profiles, unfortunately. Profiles in need of a clean-up can be found in [[:Category: Norway, Needs Gedcom Cleanup]]. == Sourcing == You can help by sourcing the Norwegian profiles that are currently unsourced. First you might want to check out this [https://www.wikitree.com/wiki/Help:How_to_Get_Started_with_Genealogy#Source.2C_Source.2C_Source section about sourcing]. In addition to that, these help pages hold valuable information; [[Help:Sources]] and [[Help:Sources_FAQ]]. If you intend to work on Norwegian profiles pre-1700 please check [[Space:Norway_Project_Reliable_Sources]] before you do. Do you have any unsourced profiles in your own tree? : If you want to check if any of the profiles you are the manager of has the unsourced template on them, use the menu “My WikiTree”, choose “Watchlist” from the dropdown menu and then click the box/button that is labelled “Unsourced” (below the thin orange line). You will find the “My WikiTree”-menu at the top of the page, just a bit right of the middle. If you like to help improve and source other profiles than your own, these are some categories that holds unsourced profiles: * Project managed profiles; ** [[:Category: Norway Project Needs Norwegian Sources]] ** [[:Category: Norway Project Needs Sources]] * Other Norwegian native profiles; ** [[:Category:Norway, Unsourced Profiles]] Profiles without any source at all ** [[:Category: Norway, Needs More Records]] Profiles, partially sourced. ** [[:Category: Norway, Needs Norwegian Sources]] Profiles, likely emigrants, with sources from a country other than Norway If you are ready for a real challenge, check out [[:Category: Norway, Unknown Location]] and see if you can help out. If you enjoy this kind of work, you should consider joining the [https://www.wikitree.com/wiki/Space:Nordic_Project_-_Sourcerers_Team Nordic Project Sourcerers Team]. == Writing biographies == First, please check the help page [[:Help: Biographies]] to learn more about the text sections used on WikiTree, styles and standards and other useful info. Then perhaps start with your own profiles, can you add more than the bare facts? Do you know if they played an instrument or have you perhaps found something else of interest about them? An example could be to add the witnesses of a child's christening to a profile, they are often relatives and perhaps already have a profile on WikiTree that can be linked to in the bio. If you like writing biographies, you might want to help with other profiles than your own? Check the categories for profiles managed by Nordic Project that needs their biography written (or improved) [[:Category: Norway Project Needs Biography]]. There is also a category for other Norwegian profiles (not managed by the project) that are in need of a biography, check out [[:Category:Norway, Needs Biography]]. Remember to cooperate with a profile manager if you intend to do a major overhaul of any text already existing on the profile, see also [[:Help: Communication_Before_Editing]]. == Useful tools == * [https://apps.wikitree.com/apps/sands1865/biocheck/ The BioCheck app] The BioCheck app looks for unsourced profiles but also recognizes style issues on profiles. See also the help page [[:Space: BioCheckHelp]]

Back to [[:Project: Norway]] == Templates and stickers used on Norwegian profiles == ==== Norway Project Box ==== : The '''Norway project box''', as can be seen below, is a template that '''should only be used on profiles that have Norway Project as manager'''. *The Project Box should only be added by the Managed Profiles Team and/or Nordic Project Leadership Team. {{Norway}} ---- === Research Note Boxes/Templates === ALL of the boxes/templates that are sorted under this definition, such as "Estimated Date" can be found here: [[:Help:Research_Note_Boxes]]. The most common one is however the one for unsourced profiles below. ==== Unsourced Norway ==== {{Unsourced|Norway}} : The Unsourced template, shown above, can be used for Norwegian profiles to be added automatically to the [[:Category: Norway, Unsourced Profiles ]]. : Please add {{Unsourced|Norway}} to the profile, '''above''' the == Biography == heading. ==== Source Templates ==== There are a few source templates created by WikiTree that can be good to know about. The reason to use source templates is that if/when the link structure at a specific website used as a source changes, the WikiTree Team can make a change and all of our template links will start working again. These are some help pages for source templates that might be good to know about; * [[:Help:Links_to_Ancestry]] * [[:Help:Links_to_FamilySearch]] * [[:Help:Find_A_Grave]] ---- === Stickers === : Profile Stickers go in the text section of the edit page, below the Biography headline. There should be no extra hard returns above or below it, and no horizontal rules (----). : They are usually placed directly below the Biography headline, but they can be placed anywhere in the biography section, such as near where the information being highlighted is discussed. They are usually grouped together but they can be spread out. : They should not be placed in or below the Sources section. ---- ==== Norway Native Sticker ==== {{Norway Native}} : The [[Template:Norway_Native|Norway Sticker]] is to be used on profiles who lived and died in Norway. : It can be used on a profile by adding {{Norway Native}} It should always be added below the == Biography == heading and above the == Sources == heading. ---- ==== Norwegian Roots Sticker ==== {{Norway Roots}} : The [[Template:Norway_Roots|Norwegian Roots sticker]] may be used for any non-resident of Norway who has been identified as having Norwegian ancestry, including active WikiTree members. : It can be used on a profile by adding {{Norway Roots}} It should always be added below the == Biography == heading and above the == Sources == heading. ---- ==== Norwegian Notables ==== {{Notables Sticker|Norway, Notables}} : The Notables sticker can be used with the country added to it. The country will not be seen in the sticker text but it will add the profile to the [[:Category: Norway, Notables]]. : It can be used on a profile by adding {{Notables Sticker|Norway, Notables}} It should always be added below the == Biography == heading and above the == Sources == heading. ---- ==== Norwegian Nobility ==== {{EuroAristo Sticker|place=Norway}} : The EuroAristo sticker can be used with the country added to it. However, this will not add the profile to any category since the profile should be added to the category for the house the profile belong to. : It can be used on a profile by adding {{EuroAristo Sticker|place=Norway}} It should always be added below the == Biography == heading and above the == Sources == heading. ---- ==== Migrating Ancestor ==== {{Migrating Ancestor |origin= Norway |destination= Minnesota, USA |origin-flag= Nordic_Project_Images-3.png |destination-flag= US_Flags-20.png }} : The migrating sticker can be used on the profiles of Norwegian emigrants (or immigrants). It will not add the profile to any category. : It can be used on a profile by adding
: {{Migrating Ancestor
: |origin= Norway
: |destination= Minnesota, USA
: |origin-flag= Nordic_Project_Images-3.png
: |destination-flag= US_Flags-20.png}}
: It should always be added below the == Biography == heading and above the == Sources == heading. Be sure to not leave out {{ and }} in the beginning and end. : For more [[:Template:Migrating_Ancestor| info on the template and where to find flag images]].

[[Category: Norway Project]] [[Category: Norway Genealogy Resources]] = Norway Project Naming Conventions = :This page was created on 6 February 2019, when the text was moved from the [[Space:Project_Norway_FAQ|Project Norway FAQ]] to the current page. Note that in 2018, these guidelines were changed and brought into line with the [[Space:Project_Denmark_Discussion_Draft_for_Danish_Names|Danish]] and [[Space:Family_names_in_Sweden|Swedish]] policies. See the G2G disussion: [https://www.wikitree.com/g2g/607648/name-guidance-updated-in-project-norway-faq Name guidance updated in Project Norway FAQ]. :The main change in policy was to abandon the Farm name as Last Name At Birth (LNAB) in favor of the historically more correct usage of Patronym as LNAB, and instead put the Farm name in Current and/or Other Last Name(s) as appropriate. == Common Concepts == :Here follows a brief introduction to how a Norwegian Pre-1900 name can be deconstructed. === What's a patronym? === :If you look at a [https://www.digitalarkivet.no/kb20061208050009 random page of 19th century Norwegian baptisms], you'll see that the column called "Barnets Fulde Navn" - The Child's Full Name - only shows the given name. '''There is no surname'''. Instead, people were called by their given name and the "patronym", a Greek word literally meaning "father's name". The first child shown on the page above, ''Hans'', son of "Huusmand" ''Johannes'' Hansen Skibsnæss and Maria Arvesdatter, would be called ''Hans Johannesen''. The next child, ''Kirsten'', daughter of "Huusmand" ''Hans'' Helgesen Tveten and Maren Olsdatter, would be called ''Kirsten Hansdatter''. :Such was the custom in Norway, as in the other Scandinavian countries. If the father was Ole Nielsen, his son's name might be Lars Olsen (literally "Ole's son"). His daughter might be Olava Olsdatter ("Ole's daughter"). Yes, the son and daughter had slightly different last names. The patronymic naming practice died out mostly during the 19th century, first among the upper strata of the urban population, slowly percolating downwards and outwards. It was abolished altogether with the Names Act of 1923, when inherited surnames became mandatory. Norway was the last of the Scandinavian countries to abandon patronyms, while the Icelanders are still using them. === What do you mean by Farm Name? === :The "farm name" is a location, often a farm or small community. You can see the farm names in the example above of the fathers Johannes Hansen ''Skibsnæss'' and Hans Helgesen ''Tveten''. Those were primarily addresses, and would change if and when the family moved elsewhere. :This location statement was often used by migrants arriving in America to identify themselves and differentiate one Olsen from another. It became common practice, particularly in the United States, to adopt this as a "surname". But it would be wrong to assume that it was ever thought of as a surname by individuals of a culture to whom the entire concept of "surnames" was utterly foreign. The modern idea of using the Farm name as a kind of "surrogate surname" in genealogy is mostly an American invention, and at odds with historical facts. :Eventually, Norwegians staying in the home country would also convert their farm names to surnames. This didn't really take hold with the rural population until early 20th century. During the late 19th century many took their farm names from home as fixed surnames, sometimes with outlandish spellings, if they moved to town. That was particularly the case for sons of affluent farmers who had some education. Lower class people who went to town usually stuck to their patronyms. === Cognomens, Bynames & Monikers === :There's a third class of "Not Surnames" applied by pre-1900 Norwegians. In an urban environment with Olsens galore and no farm names, an auxiliary identifier was often needed. So, people could be named by their profession, by their place of origin, or some other characteristic. Common for all of them is that, even if they stuck to persons for the rest of their lives, they never were passed on to the next generation, which of course is the first requirement for calling it a surname. If you find a "Jon Smed" in a Norwegian parish register, you can rest assured that he actually was a smith, and hadn't inherited the name from an ancestor. As mentioned above under the discussion of Farm names, a person might bring his farm name with him to town, but until late 19th century they were always attached to the ''individual'', not to the family. Sometimes that can be very confusing, when you for example find a guy like [[Pedersen-5988|Niels Pedersen]] (1719 - 1781) called "Molhougen", the name of a farm about a ten minutes walk away, living on the Western shore in the small town of Porsgrunn for most of his life. None of his children were ever called "Molhougen", again proof that it wasn't considered inheritable. === Real Surnames === :A tiny fraction of Norwegians actually had real surnames, passed on from father to son. They were almost without exception descendants of immigrants, and usually were rather upper class, like officers, merchants, and pastors. They're also the darlings of genealogists. If you find what looks like a genuine surname attached to your Norwegian ancestor, just search for it on the Web. You're almost certain to find a detailed description somewhere. :Among early surname adopters should also be mentioned the new urban middle-class citizens: small merchants, sea captains, and master craftsmen, who could wield family names even in the 18th century. Quite often those were frozen patronyms, and it may be a challenge to find out if a "Captain Nielsen" is the son of a Niels Olsen, or of a Ole Nielsen. You may also come across what looks like double patronyms for this class, like "Niels Olsen Nielsen" for our skipper, being son of a Ole Nielsen. This class frequently took surnames not previously documented in their families. :In a few cases, you may see that someone is named after a grandparent or other person, and that other person's patronym is used as a second given name. See for instance [[Taule-9|Anders Tollefsen Taule (1818-)]], who is obviously named after his maternal grandfather. This can become rather confusing. == General Guidelines == :The convention for Norwegian names before the adoption of surnames can be a complex topic for non-Norwegian genealogists (and even for Norwegians). However, the overwhelming part of the population were mainly known by their patronyms. Even people with real surnames were frequently recorded by their given name and patronym only. :Note that records were generally not written by the individual concerned. They were written by civil servants, mostly clergy. They were either Danish or had their education in Denmark, and wrote in Danish. Thus there are variations in names of a person depending on the record concerned. In parish records, you may often see that names changed with a new pastor, "Karen" becoming "Kari", or "Tellev" changing to "Tollef". Generally, names would be written with a distinctly Danish spelling. (It appears like the Norwegian name forms mostly were regarded as "colloquial" and not suitable for recording.) The male name "Sveinung" may be spelled as anything ranging from "Svenum" to "Svenning". It's impossible to give general rules as to how names "should" be written. Use common sense, and avoid extreme forms. The spellings found in the 1801 census are usually good candidates for "standard" name forms. :It should be mentioned that "th" in Norwegian doesn't signify a distinct sound as it does in English. A name like "Thor" is phonetically equivalent to "Tor". The h is silent and only serves as decoration in the written form. Therefore, it may be prudent to omit the silent h in Norwegian names. :The most Norwegian name of them all, Ole, requires some special consideration. It's arguably the same name as the old Norse ''Olafr'', and has mostly been pronounced "Ola". Some ''Bygdebok'' authors have consistently used "Olav" or "Olaf" where the church records have "Ole". Whether this is objectively "correct" or not, is open for debate. But if you want to keep your Norwegian ancestors visible for potential matches and merges (which you should, if you have signed the [[Special:Honor_Code|WikiTree Honor Code]]), you'll do well in sticking to the most common spellings, which are mostly the ones you'll find in the original records. The patronymic forms should be entered as ''Olsen'' and ''Olsdatter'', or at your discretion, ''Olson'' and ''Olsdotter''. These forms are recognized by the system as the same name, while eg. ''Olavsdatter'' isn't. :The Wikitree convention is to use the name that the person was known by at birth for the LNAB. These can often be found in the family records and family books. A good source for records is at the [https://digitalarkivet.no/en/ Digital Archives Norway]. :Norwegian names tend to use a three-part naming system: * First name: all given names * Patronymic: Olsdatter, Svendsen, Nielsen etc, showing the given name of their father * Farm name: the name of the farm where they were born or lived – this would change when people moved, but is often the name that can best be used to find a person’s origin. Be aware, though, that many farm names (eg. Dal, Fjell, Nes, Vik) are extremely common, and can be found all over the country. == Specific Fields == :There has been much discussion on the unique characteristics of Norwegian naming and how it should be entered in to WikiTree. This standard deviates from some other genealogy platforms but for WikiTree, it has been determined that the best overall standard for entering Norwegian names is: === Proper First Name === :All given names should be placed in the First Name at Birth field, e.g. Christiana Marie. Norwegians rarely used middle names in the American sense. Please ignore the "Unusual Data" warning in this context. There's nothing unusual with multiple first names. And, if you're working a lot with European profiles, you may want to turn off the warning about "More than one name in the First Name field". Go to My WikiTree->Settings, and at the bottom just click the check box for "Disable Middle Name Warning for First Name field". === Preferred Name === :If there is more than one first name, the preferred one may be put here. If left blank, it will be filled automatically with the contents of the field above. === Last Name at Birth (LNAB) === :The '''Patronym as LNAB''' is the default rule for most Norwegians born before the legal requirements for surnames. Even if you're unsure if the person had a real surname, putting the patronym here is erring on the side of caution. However, there are distinct differences between the urban and the rural populations. In general, urban profiles from before 1814, and rural profiles from before 1923, should have the patronym as LNAB. The exceptions are: * if no patronym can be found, and/or if the subject or their immediate ancestors were immigrants to Norway and carried the culture of fixed surnames with them. * If a person is mentioned in ''contemporary sources'' mainly by an inherited surname, rather than by patronym, use of the proper surname may be warranted. :Rather than using the common abbreviations for patronyms found in records (eg. Olsdtr), the full name (Olsdatter) ''must'' be entered. This is important, because the system currently doesn't recognize that an "Olsdtr" and an "Olsdatter" may be the same person. Hence using abbreviated names will hide the profile from potential matches. Whether you will use "-datter" or "-dotter" is optional, as "-sen", "-son", and "-sson" are interchangeable for males. :Many Norwegian profiles are created with an LNAB consisting of Patronym + Farm name, like "Olsen Berg". This has the unfortunate effect that neither the Patronym nor the Farm name will show up in searches or as possible matches, and is strongly discouraged. :When no patronym is known, which is often the case for early 17th century farmers, it's usually better to use the farm name than Unknown. See for instance [[Gisholt-3|Lars Gisholt]]. On the other hand, when not even a place of living is really known, you should rather use Unknown. See [[Andersdatter-1630|Anne Andersdatter "Aadna"]]'s first two husbands. === Current/Married last Name === :For most Norwegians before 1923 this would be the farm name where they spent the most time in their life or the last part of their life. For the urban population before about 1814, the CLN field will often be the best place to put family names; see the discussion under LNAB above. :For women who adopted a husband's surname, enter it here. Note that very few women took their husband's last name, and they ''never'' took their husband's patronym as their last name. :For Norwegians who emigrated to countries where inherited surnames were used (USA, Canada, Australia etc.) enter the surname they adopted here. === Other Last Names === :If they used more than one farm name in their lifetime, the farm names not used in Current Last Name would go here. There could be several. Separate by commas, as in "Fjell, Berg, Dal". :If you don't like the thought of your ancestor being somehow "married" to the farm, you may of course enter even the primary farm name in this field. The expression "Ole Berg formerly Olsen" as found on the main Profile screen may look disturbing, and some people prefer "Ole Olsen aka Berg" which more closely follows the historical custom. The flip side is of course that the Other name will never be seen anywhere but on the main Profile screen. It doesn't matter much for practical purposes either way, if you follow the main rule of "Patronym as LNAB". === Middle Name === :This field should not be used for most Norwegians prior to the adoption of inherited surnames. For modern Norwegians who now use a middle name it may be entered here. The idiosyncratic American custom of hiding the middle name usually doesn't apply to Norwegians, so if you want your own middle name to be visible at all times, there's no choice but to make it part of your first name. === Biography === :Record the full names as given in important sources, with source references, at the start of the biography. This will help us when it comes to rationalizing and merging profiles. == Further Reading == :A thorough discussion on Norwegian naming, with many good links, can be found on the [http://www.norwaydna.no/gedcoms-and-genealogy/norwegian-names-en/ Norwegian Names page at www.norwaydna.no]. Note that this article does not use the WikiTree standard. It suggest Farm Name as LNAB but this is not the standard in WikiTree. :If you're still, after reading this page, in doubt about how to enter a Norwegian name, don't hesitate to ask a question in the [https://www.wikitree.com/g2g/ G2G Forum], and please tag your question with "Norway".

[[Category: Reliable Sources for Pre-1700 Profiles]] [[Category: Norway Genealogy Resources]] Before jumping into the muddy waters of Pre-1700 Norwegian genealogy, this article by Lars Løberg, one of the most esteemed contemporary Norwegian genealogists, is recommended reading: * [https://genealogi.no/3d-flip-book/norwegian-kings-and-vikings-do-they-belong-in-your-family-tree/ Norwegian Kings and Vikings - Do they belong in our Family Tree?] Please note that there are extremely few sources before 1600 which are usable for Norwegian genealogy. Early 17th century sources consist mainly of fiscal registers. From the second half of the century, sources begin to become abundant, notably the male censuses of the 1660s; probate protocols and court protocols from about the same time. Parish registers, the staple of Norwegian genealogy, become widespread around 1700. It should also be said that the Norwegian genealogical community is small, and almost nothing of modern Norwegian genealogy research has been published in English for an international public. == Reliable Sources == * Those who are able to read old Danish-Norwegian handwriting, will find a cornucopia of scanned original documents at [https://www.digitalarkivet.no Digitalarkivet], the National Archives of Norway's own web site. A small part has been transcribed and converted to searchable format. Here is the [https://www.digitalarkivet.no/en/search/sources entry page for searches]. * [https://www.dokpro.uio.no/dipl_norv/diplom_field_eng.html Diplomatarium Norvegicum (search)]. The printed edition consists of 23 volumes containing the transcription of approximately 20 000 diplomas connected to Norway in the period 1050 to 1590. Documents in Diplomatarium Norvegicum may be reliable in the sense that you can read that so-and-so is the son of so-and-so, but they are far too spread out in space and time to build genealogies upon. Many have tried, and failed miserably, often by introducing fictitious intermediate generations. Also, medieval sources are often written by persons who had their own axes to grind, and therefore may not always be taken at face value. It takes lots of expertise to assess those documents. Most of those relevant to living people are probably summed up in a couple of paragraphs, cf Lars Løberg above. * [https://nbl.snl.no/ Norwegian biographical lexicon] is mostly correct, but contains disputed material. * Current pre-1700 genealogical research is primarily published in the periodical ''Norsk Slektshistorisk Tidsskrift'' (NST), issued twice annually, which since the late 1990s has been recognised as a scientific publication, with peer-reviewed articles. Earlier articles from NST, starting in 1927, are of variable quality. == Reliable with conditions == [https://www.findagrave.com/ Find A Grave], [https://billiongraves.com/ Billiongraves] and [https://www.disnorge.no/gravminner/vis.php?mode=x Slekt og Data Cemeteries in Norway] would be deemed reliable only when a picture of the headstone is provided. Remember that even grave markers can have errors in name spelling and dates. The Norwegian "[[Space:Norway%20Farm%20and%20Family%20Books|Farm and Family Books]]", commonly known under the term "Bygdeboks" are, by and large, fairly reliable sources. They are usually written by authors who have worked for many years with the subject, backed up by local Bygdebok committees who have contributed with countless hours of groundwork, from interviews with old folks to archive transcriptions. In general, books produced after 1970 should be considered more reliable than the older ones. Claims about family lines extending back before the Reformation (1530s) should always be regarded with scepticism. For genealogy later than the "source horizon", which for Norway's part is about 1600, even the older bygdeboks usually are quite reliable. But beware of medieval fantasies, which abound in the pre-WW2 works. See below. == Unreliable Sources == * A few books from the 1920s and 1930s present lines going back to the Viking kings through "conjectures", which in genealogy normally is an euphemism for "wishful thinking". In particular, the book "'''Vore Fælles Ahner'''" ("Our Common Ancestors") by C.M. Munthe should be avoided. Unfortunately, many family trees found on the Web are partially based on this book. * There exists a considerable body of work produced by Americans with Norwegian ancestors about their Norse origins. Most of the older works suffer from their age, but even more recent works are out of touch with modern Norwegian research. A book by Henrik O. Lunde: ''Some Old Norse Families'' (Enoch Haga Publisher, Folsom California, 2009) deserves a special warning, as one may be tempted to believe that it builds on current Norwegian research status. Sadly, it doesn't. Lars Løberg wrote a review of this work in the periodical ''Genealogen'' in 2010, where his conclusion is: "The best that can be said about this book is that it may be useful to Anglophone readers who want to get an idea about how difficult the field of Norwegian medieval genealogy is, but who at the same time have the necessary critical sense to not automatically accept all of Lunde's aristocratic connections. For Norwegian-speaking readers, the book is worthless." Lars Løberg's article is republished on the Norwegian ''Slektshistoriewiki'' here: [https://www.genealogi.no/wiki/index.php/Some_old_norse_families_(bok) Some old norse families (bok)]. * '''User-contributed family trees''' at sites like: FamilySearch, Ancestry, Geni, MyHeritage, Rootsweb, WikiTree, Geneanet etc. ** '''A tree without sources is insufficient as a source for WikiTree profiles.''' ** A tree with precise dates and places may be a good guide of where to look for original records. Please take the time to do so. In these cases it is courteous to give credit (under ''See also''); however when the tree exists in multiple copies on the net you may not be crediting the original builder. ''Caveat: In quite a few cases, precise dates and places, particularly before 1700, may be signs of fabrication. Watch out for exact birth years and places before parish records exist.'' ** When a tree does present sources, please take the time to look up the original sources. Give credit.

[[Category: Norway Project]] There are three templates for use on profiles related to Norway: '''Project Box''': {{[[Template: Norway|Norway]]}} *This applies [[:Category:Norway Project]] *Strictly for use on profiles managed by [[WikiTree-100|the project account]] List of profiles carrying the project box: [[Special:WhatLinksHere/Template:Norway]] '''Sticker''': {{[[Template: Norway Native|Norway Native]]}} Applies no categories. List of profiles carrying the sticker: [[Special:WhatLinksHere/Template:Norway_Native]] '''Sticker''': {{[[Template: Norway Roots|Norway Roots]]}} Applies no categories. List of profiles carrying the sticker: [[Special:WhatLinksHere/Template:Norway_Roots]]

[[Category: Norwegian Nobility]] The text below by unknown author. ==Norwegian Nobility== The aristocracy of Norway refers to modern and medieval aristocracy in Norway. For the Viking Period see: [[:Category:Early Scandinavia, Viking Age|Early Scandinavia, Viking Age]]. Additionally, there have been economical, political, and military élites that—relating to the main lines of Norway's history—are generally accepted as nominal predecessors of the aforementioned. Since the 16th century, modern aristocracy is known as nobility (Norwegian: adel). The nobility—known as hird and then as knights and squires—was institutionalised during the formation of the Norwegian state in the 13th century. Originally granted an advisory function as servants of the King, the nobility grew into becoming a great political factor. Their land and their armed forces, and also their legal power as members of the Council of the Realm, made the nobility remarkably independent from the King. At its height, the Council had the power to recognise or choose inheritors of or pretenders to the Throne. In 1440, they dethroned King Eric III. The Council even chose its own leaders as regents, among others Sigurd Jonsson of Sudreim. This aristocratic power, which also involved the Church, lasted until the Reformation, when the King illegally abolished the Council in 1536. This removed nearly all of the nobility's political foundation, leaving them with mainly administrative and ceremonial functions. Subsequent immigration of Danish nobles (who thus became Norwegian nobles) would further marginalise the position of natives. In the 17th century, the old nobility consisted almost entirely of Danes. After 1661, when absolute monarchy was introduced, the old nobility was gradually replaced by a new. This consisted mainly of merchants and officials who had recently been ennobled, but also of foreign nobles who were naturalised. Dominant elements in the new nobility were the office nobility (noble status by holding high civilian or military offices) and—especially prominent in the 18th century—the letter nobility (noble status via letters patent in return for military or artistic achievements or monetary donations). Based on the 1665 Lex Regia, which stated that the King was to be revered and considered the most perfect and supreme person on the Earth by all his subjects, standing above all human laws and having no judge above his person, [...] except God alone, the King had his hands free to develop a new and loyal aristocracy to honour his absolute reign. The nobilities in Denmark and Norway could, likewise, bask in the glory of one of the most monarchial states in Europe. The titles of baron and count were introduced in 1671, and in 1709 and 1710, two marquisates (the only ones in Scandinavia) were created. Additionally, hundreds of families were ennobled, i.e. without titles. Demonstrating his omnipotence, the monarch could even revert noble status ab initio (as if ennoblement had never happened) and elevate dead humans to the estate of nobles. A rich aristocratic culture developed during this epoch, for example family names like Gyldenpalm (lit. 'Golden Palm'), Svanenhielm (lit. 'Swan Helm'), and Tordenskiold (lit. 'Thunder Shield'), many of them containing particles like French de and German von. Likewise, excessive creation of coats of arms boosted heraldic culture and praxis, including visual arts. The 1814 Constitution forbade the creation of new nobility, including countships, baronies, family estates, and fee tails. The 1821 Nobility Law initiated a long-range abolition of the nobility as an official estate, a process in which current bearers were allowed to keep their status and possible titles as well as some privileges for the rest of their lifetime. The last legally noble Norwegians died early in the 20th century. Many Norwegians who had noble status in Norway also had it in Denmark, where they remained officially noble. During the 19th century, members of noble families continued to hold political and social power, for example Severin Løvenskiold as Governor general of Norway and Peder Anker and Mathias Sommerhielm as Prime Minister. Aristocrats were active in Norway's independence movement in 1905, and it has been claimed the union with Sweden was dissolved thanks to a 'genuinely aristocratic wave'. Baron Fritz Wedel Jarlsberg's personal effors contributed to Norway gaining sovereignty of the arctic archipelago Svalbard in 1920. From 1912 to 1918, Bredo Henrik von Munthe af Morgenstierne was Rector of the University of Oslo. When Norway co-founded and entered NATO, ambassador Wilhelm Morgenstierne represented the Kingdom when US President Truman signed the treaty in 1949. Whilst they now acted as individuals rather than a unified estate, these and many other noblemen played a significant public rôle, mainly until the Second World War (1940–1945). Today, Norway has approximately 10-15 families who were formerly recognised as noble by Norwegian kings. These include Anker, Aubert, Falsen, Galtung, Huitfeldt, Knagenhjelm, Løvenskiold, Munthe af Morgenstierne, Treschow, Werenskiold, and the Counts of Wedel-Jarlsberg. In addition, there exist non-noble families who descend patrilineally from individuals who had personal (non-hereditary) noble status, for example the Paus family and several families of the void ab initio office nobility. There is even foreign nobility in Norway, mainly Norwegian families who originate in other countries and who have or had noble status there. ==References== * [https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Norsk_adel, Wikipedia, Norsk Adel] * [[Wikipedia: Aristocracy of Norway]] * [http://www.hoelseth.com/nobility/nobility_survey.html Norwegian Nobility - Survey of 1886] * [https://meta.snl.no/Om_Norsk_biografisk_leksikon Store norske leksikon - Norwegian biographical encyclopedia], yes, it's in Nynorsk but, if you have a good translation program or web browser you can search for people.

[[Category:Norway]][[Category: Norway Project]] Coordinated by [[:Project: Norway| the Norway project]] == Norwegian Locations Categorisation == '''NOTE''': This page was formerly named "Categorizing Norwegian Parishes". As of 19 April 2019, in accordance with changed policy, and combined with a major reworking of the page to reflect the current policy, it has been renamed to "Norwegian Location Category Structure". [https://www.wikitree.com/g2g/723007/norway-locations-proposal The Norway Project held a related Norwegian location categorisation discussion (linked here)]. To quote the December 2018 close of the discussion, the conclusion was:

"...in the WikiTree Norway Project, we have reached a consensus regarding Norwegian place names on the following form:'' * ''Category:Norway'' * ''Category:County, Norway (this is how a county/fylke is already named)'' * ''Category:Parish/Municipality, County, Norway (old pattern is Category:Municipality, Norway)'' * ''Category:Farm, Parish/Municipality, County, Norway (there has so far been little subcategorization at this level)''

== Background == The ''parishes'' ("prestegjeld" in Norwegian) constitute the original basic administrative units of Norway. Their origins are ancient and mostly undocumented, and may in many cases have their roots in pre-Christian times. Their sizes were primarily based on the number of people that a pastor ("prest") might be able to serve in a reasonable way, and their borders mostly follow natural topological boundaries. In 1838, the "[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Formannskapsdistrikt formannskapsdistrikt]" law was passed in Norway, which simply required that every parish formed its own local governmental unit, partially governed by a locally elected board. In 1853 the civil municipalities ("kommuner") were established, sharing the names and borders of the ancient ecclesiastical parishes. Thus, a civil administration emerged on top of the parish structure and eventually transformed it into a new concept, and the "kommune" (municipality) in time replaced the ancient "prestegjeld" (parish) as the primary local home ground in people's minds. As an ongoing process, stretching far back in time, parishes and (later) municipalities have been divided and sometimes merged. Peak municipality fragmentation was reached around 1930 with 747 municipalities. In the 1960s there was a major reorganisation of the municipal structure, and the number of municipalities was greatly reduced. The main source for genealogy in Norway is the ''parish registers''. The clergy has been keeping records of births, baptisms, confirmations, marriages, deaths, and burials for several hundred years. Most parishes have records beginning in the early 18th century, Some go back to the late 17th century. The Norwegian National Archives through its subsidiary ''[https://www.digitalarkivet.no/en/ Digitalarkivet]'' has scanned most of the parish registers and presents them free of charge, and they may be linked to with reference information. A few books are transcribed and searchable. The Norwegian Digital Archives also contain other records relevant to genealogy. They are also organized by parishes. These are Censuses, Emigration records, Probate records, Seamen rolls and military rolls, School records, Health care records, Poverty matters, Accounts and tax lists, Deed registration records, Landed property tax records, Insurance records, Legal proceedings and sanctions and Clerical archives. It varies which parishes have which records. The available sources relevant for Norwegian genealogy should eventually be described on a separate page. == Implementation == The categorisation of Norwegian locations started out with a poorly defined concept of "locations" such as they are found on eg. Wikipedia, and were created on an ''ad hoc'' basis. This works as long as there are no name collisions, but a place name like "Vang, Norway" is ambiguous. Is it Vang in Hedmark, or Vang in Oppland? To avoid confusion, it has been decided to ''always include the county name and the country name''; thus the two "locations" above are now defined as "[[:Category:Vang, Hedmark, Norway|Vang, Hedmark, Norway]]" and "[[:Category:Vang, Oppland, Norway|Vang, Oppland, Norway]]" respectively. This is a clear and unambiguous standard, with no risk of polluting the common namespace. The term "location" as used in the previous paragraph also needs clarification. For our purpose, there are two main sources that define and describe all the administrative units we need to cover the subject of Norwegian locations: * On the ecclesiastical side, the [https://www.arkivverket.no/slektsgranskning/historikk-for-prestegjeld-og-sogn History of Parishes (Historikk for prestegjeld og sogn)] at the Norwegian National Archive's Web site gives a comprehensive survey of the history of Norwegian parishes on a county-by-county basis. * On the civil side, [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_municipality_numbers_of_Norway Wikipedia's list of municpality numbers of Norway] cover every municipality which have ever existed. Those two sources are used to set up the new place category structure of Norway. In principle, every item of both lists, whether it is a former/present parish or municipality or both, should have its own entry in the structure. (A preliminary line should probably be drawn excluding the most recent municipality merges, say after 1980.) As the vast majority of the administrative units on both sides share the same names and the same borders, there is no need to differentiate between them in the name structure. However, every parish/municipality category should contain a description of its historic/present ecclesiastical/civil status, and a short history (less than 100 words) of significant splits and merges. It should also contain a link to the corresponding Wikipedia article, and link(s) to the parish records at Digitalarkivet. To see how this is done, see for instance the two "Vang" categories linked above. This approach avoids the duplication of structures that the original, and now abandoned, idea of "Categorising Norwegian Parishes" implied. The old and obsolete "xxx Parish" and "xxx, Norway" location categories should be emptied and deleted as they are replaced by categories on the current standard. The Norway Project hopes to finish the re-categorisation on the Parish/Municipality level before the end of 2019. Further subdivision is not considered the Project's responsibility, and will be left to the individual researcher.

[[Category: Norway Project]] [[Category: Norway Genealogy Resources]] ==Project Norway - FAQ== :This page addresses common questions that come up in the [[Project:Norway|Norway project]]. ===Names=== : As of 6 February 2019, this section has been given its own page, see [[Space:Norway_Project_Naming_Conventions|Norway Project Naming Conventions]] == Where Do I start? == * https://www.digitalarkivet.no/content/start-genealogy * https://integration.familysearch.org/wiki/en/Norway_Church_Records === Parish Registers === :The staple of Norwegian genealogy is the Parish Registers or Church books (''kirkebøker''), kept by the pastors of the Norwegian Lutheran State church. Most parish records start about 1700. Until 1845, membership was mandatory. Thus, in principle, every birth, marriage, and burial should be found here, although in practice you'll find that some are missing. In particular, burials of small children are frequently omitted. And of course, names could be entered erroneously. :Dates were often written as ecclesiastical feast days, eg. "9 Dom. p. Trin." (ninth Sunday after Trinity). The calendar below may help you find the actual date of the event. ::[https://www.familysearch.org/wiki/en/Moveable_Feast_Day_Calendar_for_Norway Familysearch: Norway Feast Day Calendars] :Another, dynamic calendar can be found here: ::[https://youronlineroots.com/helligdager.php Calendar of ecclesiastical holidays in Norway] ===Locality Information=== This topic is addressed on: [[:Category: Norway|the category page which has localities defined]]. The project is also working to set up the parishes/municipalities used by genealogists and the outline is found here: [[:Space:Norwegian_Parish_Categories|Norwegian Location Category Structure]]. ===Research Links=== The Norwegian Digital Archives were recently updated. Here is a link to the English version of the Digital Archives: https://www.digitalarkivet.no/en/ ===Norwegian Words=== Some of the words one may find on a Norwegian census or other record: {| border="1" class="wikitable sortable" |Norwegian Word || Abbreviation || English Word |- |år || || year |- | alder || || age |- | bo; bodde|| || live; lived |- | bror|| || brothers |- | barn || || child |- | dø; død || || die; death |- | enke; enkemann || e. || widow; widower |- | far || || father |- | født(e); Fødeår|| || birth; birth year |- | gard; gaard|| || farm |- | gift || g. || married |- | gutt; gutter|| || boy; boys |- | hjem || || home |- | husmann || || cotter, crofter |- |kone; hans kone || || wife; his wife |- | mor|| || mother |- | navn|| || name |- | ugift|| u. || unmarried |- | ungkarl || || bachelor |} Here is a link to a Norwegian to English translation page, by Smartlink Corporation. The site can be used for non-commercial, personal use. Translations are limited to 1000 characters. Be aware that translations are not always perfect. http://imtranslator.net/translation/norwegian/to-english/translation/ Æ Ø Å æ ø å You can cut and paste the characters above, or, when using an English keyboard on a Windows computer, an alternative method is to use the numbers keypad, and type the code by holding down Alt key + the number below for the desired symbol: {| border="1" class="wikitable sortable" ||Alt + || 4-digit code || symbol |- ||Alt + || 0198 || Æ |- || Alt + ||0230 || æ |- ||Alt + || 0197 ||Å |- ||Alt + || 0229 ||å |- ||Alt + || 0216 ||Ø |- ||Alt + || 0229 ||å |- ||Alt + || 0248||ø |- |}

[[Category: Norway Genealogy Resources]] [[Category: Norway]] [[Category: Birth, Death, and Marriage Records]] ==Records== *[https://media.digitalarkivet.no/en/ Digitalarkivet] digitized parish records and many other records. *[http://www.rhd.uit.no/indexeng.html '''R'''egistreringssentral for '''h'''istoriske '''d'''ata ] - The Norwegian Historical Data Centre (census searches) *[http://www.disnorge.no/genress/ ''Slekt og Data'', Genealogical Resources] *[https://www.familysearch.org/search/catalog/results#count=20&query=%2Bplace%3ANorway Norwegian Collections at Family Search] *[http://www.cyndislist.com/norway/ Cyndi's List Norway] *[https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tinglag Tinglag (Bailiwicks) of Norway, with old county names] ==Word lists and explanations== * [http://www.norwaydc.org/genealogy/resources/common-abbreviations Common Norwegian abbreviations] found in bygdeboks and other places *[http://martinroe.com/blog/index.php/causes-of-death/ Causes of Death] by [http://martinroe.com/blog/index.php/about-me/ Martin Roe Eidhammer] ==Videos== * [https://youtu.be/wQQjBkiA_Wk Video of the History of Norway] * [https://youtu.be/s3-V4Zb5AoM Video of the Civil War Period of Norway, which ran from 1130 to 1240]