[[Category: United States Army, United States Civil War]] [[Category: Battle of Valverde]][[Category: Battle of Albuquerque]][[Category: Siege of Yorktown (1862)]][[Category: Battle of Beaver Dam Creek]][[Category: Battle of Gaine's Mill]][[Category: Battle of Malvern Hill]][[Category: Second Battle of Bull Run]][[Category: Battle of Antietam]][[Category: Battle of Shepherdstown]][[Category: Battle of Fredericksburg]][[Category: Battle of Chancellorsville]][[Category: Battle of Gettysburg]][[Category: Battle of the Wilderness]][[Category: Battle of Spotsylvania]][[Category: Battle of North Anna]][[Category: Battle of Cold Harbor]][[Category: Siege of Petersburg]][[Category: Battle of Globe Tavern]][[Category: Battle of Peebles's Farm]] '''10th Regiment, US Infantry (Regular Army)''' Overview:Companies "B," "E," "G" and "I" at Washington, D. C., January, 1862. Companies "D" and "K" at Fort Laramie, Neb., till June, 1862. Moved to Fort Kearney and duty there till April 7, 1863. Joined Regiment near Chancellorsville, Va., April 30, 1863. Companies "A" and "F" at Socorro, N.M., January, 1862. Company "H" at Pinos Ranch near Santa Fe, N.M., January, 1862. Concentrated at Fort Craig (Cos. "A," "F" and "H"). Battle of Valverde, N.M., February 21, 1862. Alburquerque April 8. Peralta April 15. Company "C" at Fort Wise, Colo., January, 1862. Companies "C," "F" and "H" march to Fort Leavenworth, Kan., September to November, arriving there November 7, and moved to Washington, D.C., November 24. Joined Regiment at Aquia Creek, Va., November 28, 1862. Regiment attached to Sykes' Regular Infantry (Reserve) Brigade. Army Potomac, to May, 1862. 2nd Brigade, 2nd Division, 5th Army Corps, Army Potomac, to August, 1863. Dept. of the East to April, 1864. 1st Brigade, 1st Division, 9th Army Corps, Army Potomac, to June, 1864. 1st Brigade, 2nd Division, 5th Army Corps, to October, 1864. Headquarters, Army Potomac, to November, 1864. Dept. of the East, to April, 1865. Headquarters, Army Potomac, to June, 1865. Dept. Washington, D.C., to October, 1865. Service:-Duty in Defences of Washington, D.C., till March, 1862. Moved to the Virginia Peninsula March, 1862. Siege of Yorktown, Va., April 5-May 4. Seven days before Richmond June 25-July 1. Battles of Mechanicsville June 26; Gaines' Mill June 27; Turkey Bridge June 30; Malvern Hill July 1. At Harrison's Landing till August 16. Movement to Fortress Monroe, thence to Centreville August 16-28. Pope's Campaign in Northern Virginia August 28-September 2. Battles of Groveton August 29; Bull Run August 30. Maryland Campaign September 6-22. Battle of Antietam September 16-17. Shepherdstown Ford September 19-20. At Sharpsburg, Md., till October 29. Movement to Falmouth, Va., October 29-November 19. Battle of Fredericksburg, Va., December 12-15. "Mud March" January 20-24, 1863. Chancellorsville Campaign April 27-May 6. Battle of Chancellorsville May 1-5. Gettysburg (Pa.) Campaign June 11-July 24. Battle of Gettysburg, Pa., July 1-3. Pursuit of Lee July 5-24. Moved to New York August 16-20. At Fort Hamilton, N.Y. Harbor, September 14, 1863, to April 23, 1864. Moved to front and Joined 9th Army Corps at Bealeton Station, Va., April 29. Rapidan Campaign May 4-June 12. Battles of the Wilderness May 5-7; Spottsylvania Court House May 8-21; Ny River May 10. Assault on the Salient May 12. North Anna River May 22-26. On line of the Pamunkey May 26-28. Totopotomoy May 18-31. Cold Harbor June 1-12. Bethesda Church June 1-3. Transferred to 5th Army Corps June 11. Before Petersburg June 16-18. Siege of Petersburg June 16 to October 25. Weldon Railroad August 18-21. Poplar Springs Church, Peeble's Farm , September 29-October 2. Provost Guard, 2nd Division, 5th Army Corps, October 12 to 25. Moved to Fort Hamilton, N.Y. Harbor, October 25-29, and duty there till April, 1865. Moved to the field and Joined Army Potomac, at Burkesville, Va., April 23. March to Washington, D.C., May 2-12. Grand Review May 23. Duty at Washington, D.C., till October. Moved to St. Louis, Mo., October 20-27, thence to St. Paul, Minn. Regiment lost during service 3 Officers and 83 Enlisted men killed and mortally wounded and 3 Officers and 49 Enlisted men by disease. Total 138. [https://www.nps.gov/civilwar/search-battle-units-detail.htm?battleUnitCode=UUR0010RI National Park Service Soldiers and Sailors Database] ==Strength== 1 July 1863: 106 men ==The Tenth Regiment of Infantry. By LIEUT. S. Y. SEYBURN, U. S. A., ADJUTANT TENTH INFANTRY.== At the commencement of the year 1862 the regiment was stationed as follows: :Headquarters and Companies D and K at Fort Laramie, Neb.; A and F at Socorro, N. M.; B, E, G and I in Washington, D. C.; C at Fort Wise, Col.; and H in camp at Pinos Ranch, near Santa Fe, N. M. :In January and early in February, A, F and H concentrated at Fort Craig, N. M., and on the 21st of February were engaged in the battle of Val Verde, near Fort Craig, with the rebel forces, F serving a battery of howitzers. The battalion commander, Capt. W. H. Rossell, 10th Infantry, was taken prisoner, ten enlisted men were killed and sixteen wounded in this engagement. The killed were Privates Collins, Hoggant, Miller, Reichling, Schweer and Washburne of Company A, and Corporals Crotty and Christianson, and Privates Brown and Schweep of Company H. This was the regiment's first sacrifice to the Civil War, made on the dreary plains of New Mexico, nearly two thousand miles from the principal theatre of operations. :Companies B, E, G and I, serving with the Army of the Potomac, left Washington, March, 1862, encamped near Fort Monroe from March 26 till April 4, and at Yorktown, Va., on the 12th. In May B was broken up and the men absorbed by E, G and I. The same course was adopted during the same month with A in New Mexico, the privates being transferred and the non-commissioned officers attached to F and H. During the previous month A, F and H had formed part of Colonel Canby's command, which left camp at Val Verde, N. M., on April 1, 1862, F serving as artillery. They took part in the affairs at Albuquerque on the 8th, and Peralto on the 15th of April. In September and October, 1862, C, F and H, marched to Leavenworth, arriving November 7. On the 24th they were in Washington, and four days later had reported for duty with the 2d Brig., 2d Div., 5th Corps, General Sykes commanding, at Aquia Creek, Va., where E, G and I were also serving. These six companies were engaged in the battle of Fredericksburg, Dec. 13, 14 and 15. E, G and I, while forming part of Sykes' Brigade, were engaged in the battle of Chickahominy, with a loss in killed and wounded of thirty enlisted men, and were engaged at Malvern Hill and Bull Run, 2d, with a loss in those two engagements of thirteen enlisted men. They were also engaged in the battle of Antietam, and in the action near Shepardstown, Va., with a loss in these two engagements of fifteen enlisted men. :The year 1863 proved to be a most eventful one for the regiment. At its commencement Headquarters and D and K were at Fort Kearney, having been transferred to that post from Fort Laramie in the preceding June. C, E, F, G, H and I were with the Army of the Potomac. Early in March, 1863, C, E, F and I were broken up. and the enlisted men, numbering 81, were transferred and attached to Companies G and H. Regimental Headquarters and D and K, commanded by Lieut. Bush, left Fort Kearney April 7, and joined the regiment in the field near Chancellorsville on the night of the 30th. When Lieut. Bush and his command, numbering three officers and fifty men, direct from the plains of Nebraska, joined the regiment, its total strength then amounted to but eight officers and 100 enlisted men. :At about noon of the following day, while moving toward Fredericksburg, the enemy made his appearance, and was attacked and driven back by the 2d Brigade, which on that morning led the division. When the enemy was first encountered the 2d Brigade was deployed with the 2d and 6th Infantry on the right of the road, the 7th, 10th, and 11th on the left. The 17th was deployed as skirmishers. The 10th, with some assistance from the 11th, captured in this advance 27 Of the enemy, including one officer. Lieut. Bush commanded the regiment in this battle, and in his report recommends Sergeant-Major William Stanley for promotion to a second-lieutenancy for gallant conduct in the field. He also mentions national color bearer, Lance Sergeant J. A. Crotty for soldierly conduct and for capturing one of the enemy; and mentions Sergeant Michael Finaughty regimental color bearer, for his coolness under fire. :The brigade commander in his report of the battle mentions Lieutenants Bush, Sellers, Kellogg and Boyce, 10th Infantry. Lieut. Sellers was at this time A.A.A.G. of the 2d Brigade, Lieut. Kellogg, A.D.C., and Lieut. Boyce, A.A.D.C. to the brigade commander. Lieut. Hampson is also mentioned by the regimental commander for having distinguished himself in this action. The loss of the regiment in this engagement was 12 enlisted men wounded. On the 6th of May the regiment recrossed the Rappahannock and encamped near Falmouth, Va. In this month K was broken up and its 25 enlisted men were transferred and attached to D. The regiment, still forming a part of the 2d Brig., 2d Div., 5th Corps, left camp near Falmouth, Va., June 4, reached the vicinity of Gettysburg July 2d, and fought the enemy the same day, losing one officer Lieut. W. J. Fisher and 16 enlisted men killed; five officers and 27 men wounded, and three men missing. Captain William Clinton commanded the regiment at this time. The regiment lay in position, supporting a battery during the night of the 2d, and took part in the fighting on the A 4th and 5th. The loss inflicted in these engagements upon what remained of the regiment at this time was fearful. Sixty per cent. of the officers, and over fifty-four per cent. of the enlisted men engaged were killed or wounded. The regiment occupied at one time an exposed position, with a greatly superior force in front and on both flanks. A terrific fire was directed against it by the enemy, and the roar of musketry was so great that the commands given it to fall back were not heard. Fortunately another portion of the Corps came to the rescue, and compelled the enemy to retreat. The wounded officers were Captains Clinton and Bush, and Lieuts. Welles. Boyce and Hamilton. Lieut. Boyce died shortly after from wounds received in this battle. :On the 8th of July the regiment was encamped near Middleton, Md. It crossed the South Mountain on the 9th, and arrived in camp near Williamsport on the 14th. On the 15th it crossed the Potomac at Berlin, and on the night of the 23d formed a part of the line of battle at Manassas. :The losses of the regiment had been so heavy, and it had become so reduced in point of numbers, that it had become necessary for the authorities to withdraw it from the field and send it North for recuperation. On the 17th of August what remained of it left Alexandria by steamer, arriving in New York City on the 20th, where it remained until the 14th of September, when it was transferred to Fort Lafayette, N. Y. H. At the end of the year all that was left of t he regiment consisted of the band and Company D, with a total strength, present and absent, of 128. :Capt. William G. Jones, 10th Infantry, while absent commanding, as colonel, the 36th Ohio Volunteers, was killed in the battle of Chickamauga, Ga., Sept. 19, 1863. :The regiment left Fort Lafayette on the 23d of April, 1864, and joined the 1st Brig., 1st Div., 9th Corps, near Bealton Station, Va., on the 29th of the same month. On the 6th of May it took part in the battle of the Wilderness, with a loss of eight enlisted men killed, officer Major Hayman and 48 enlisted men wounded, and five men missing. On the 12th of May the regiment was engaged in the battle of Spottsylania C. H., Va., losing but two men wounded. :From this time on until the battle of North Anna River, May 24, there was a total loss in killed, wounded and missing of 17 men. Casualties frequently occurred while employed in reconnoissances, picket duty and skirmishing. While making a reconnoissance near Spottsylvania C. H. on the 16th, one man was killed; and two days later, while on the same duty, two men were killed and one officer Lieut. Reed and one man were wounded. On the 3d of June the regiment was engaged in the battle of Cold Harbor, losing one officer Lieut. Stanley, adjutant and one man wounded. The regiment was transfered [sic] June 11 to the 1st Brig., 2d Div., 5th Corps, and took part in the battle of Petersburg, June 18, losing in killed and wounded three men. One man was killed on the 19th, and another on the 21st. On this date also Lieut. Skinner was wounded, from the effects of which he .died June 26. :The regiment also took part in the assault following the explosion of the mine at Petersburg, July 30. It was also engaged in the battle of Weldon Railroad, August 18, 19 and 21, 1864, losing six men killed, one officer Captain R. H. Hall and nine men wounded, and one officer Lieut. J. C. White and sixteen men missing. The movement of the regiment to its position of the first day at Weldon Railroad began at daylight on the 18th. The march was a most fatiguing one, the heat intense. Lieutenant Luning, commanding, was prostrated about noon from its effects, and the command then devolved upon 2d Lieut. T. H. French. Fully one-third of the men had fallen out of ranks before this time from sheer exhaustion, although they bravely endeavored to keep up. In the first advance, which was made through a dense wood east of the railroad, and half a mile beyond, the regiment was engaged, outflanked, and subjected to a heavy cross-fire, which caused it to fall back to a position in the rear of the woods. Captain Hall joined the regiment on the morning of the 19th. At about 3 o'clock on the afternoon of that day the enemy again attacked the line of which the regiment formed a part, again outflanked it, and caused it to withdraw. It subsequently regained its first line after a gallant charge against the enemy. Captain R. H. Hall, commanding the regiment, was hit by a musket ball in the head a few hours after taking command. :On the 20th there was no fighting for the regiment, but on the 21st it occupied a position greatly exposed to an artillery cross-fire. The fire was so well directed that our men had to seek safety on the outside of their breastworks. 1st. Sergeant Pealock received special mention for his gallant conduct, coolness and bravery, during these engagements of the 18th, 19th and 21st of August. :On the 1st of October the regiment, still forming a part of the 1st Brig., 2d Div., 5th Corps, was engaged in battle on the Squirrel Level Road, Va., losing three men, killed, and one officer Lieut. T. H. French and five men wounded, and 18 men missing. The regiment was commanded in this battle by 2d Lieut. Theodore Schwan, who, in his report, mentions Lieutenants French and Hunter as having behaved with gallantry seldom surpassed. 1st Sergeant Pealock is again mentioned for coolness and bravery. Corporal H. Marshall, 1st Sergeant Marpool, and Privates Stephens, Steward, Landan and Mahony are also noticed for noticeable coolness under fire. :On the 12th of October the regiment was detailed as provost guard at Headquarters 2d Div., 5th Corps, and on the 25th was ordered to Fort Hamilton, N. Y. H., where it arrived on the 29th. It was transferred to Fort Columbus, N. Y. H., November 3d and to Fort Porter, Buffalo, N. Y., December 2d, where it was stationed at the end of the year. It was much depleted in numbers, mustering, present and absent, but 189, a large portion of the absent sick being permanently disabled. :In March, 1865, 245 recruits were sent to the regiment, certain companies were reorganized, and were all filled to the maximum strength. In April 170 recruits were received and Company G was reorganized. :The regiment was again ordered into the field in April, 1865, and reached Headquarters Army of the Potomac April 23d, at Burksville, Va. .It marched with that army, via Richmond, May 6th, and encamped at Arlington Heights May 12th. It participated in the review of the Army of the Potomac May 23d, at Washington. :On the 20th of October the regiment moved by rail to St. Louis, Mo., arriving October 27th, and on the 31st Companies A, B, D, F, G and H moved by steamer up the Mississippi River to St. Paul, Minn., and were stationed as follows: Companies D and F at Fort Snelling; B and H at Fort Ridgeley, and A and G at Fort Ripley, Minn.; Regimental Headquarters were established at Jefferson Barracks, Mo. In December, 1865, C, E, I and K were reorganized at the General Recruiting Depot, Fort Columbus, N. Y. H., and in April, r866, together with Regimental Headquarters, joined the regiment at Fort Snelling. :A redistribution to posts took place, and early in June, j866, the regiment was stationed as follows: Headquarters and Company B at Fort Snelling; H at Fort Ridgely; A and I at. Fort Ripley; D and F at Fort Abercrombie, D. T.; C, E, G and K at Fort Wadsworth, D. T. ==Battle of Antietam== {{Image|file=Second_and_Tenth_U_S_Infantry_marker_77.jpg |caption=Second and Tenth U.S. Infantry, marker 77 }} :Companies E, G & I of the 10th were attached to the 2nd United States Infantry under Captain John S. Poland of the 2nd. Company E was commanded by First Lieutenant George S. Lauman, Company G by Captain Henry E. Maynadier and Company I by Second Lieutenant William L. Kellog. :From the marker on the Antietam battlefield: :About noon of the 17th, the Battalion of the Second and Tenth U.S. Infantry crossed the Antietam and moved to the support of the Horse Batteries on the left (south) side of the Boonsboro Pike. After the withdrawal of these Batteries, Poland deployed the entire Battalion as skirmishers and, under heavy fire of canister and musketry, advanced to this point (Sherrick's Lane), his right resting on the Boonsboro Pike, his line extending to the left, along the lane fence, in the direction of Sherrick's House, on the road to Burnside Bridge. In this position he engaged the skirmishers of Garnett's Brigade, his right advancing some distance beyond the farm lane and driving the enemy's cannoneers from their guns on Cemetery Hill. :While thus engaged the 17th Michigan and the skirmishers of Willcox's Division came up and relieved the left of his line, and the First Battalion, 14th U.S. Infantry formed about 210 yards in rear of his right. :Poland assembled his skirmishers on the center, and the Battallion of the 14th U.S. Infantry threw forward skirmishers on the right of the line. :His ammunition being exhausted, Poland withdrew to the cover of the hill east of this tablet and at dusk recrossed the Antietam. ==Battle of Gettysburg== {{Image|file=10th_United_States_Infantry_Monument.jpg |caption=10th United States Infantry Monument at Gettysburg }} :Captain William Clinton brought three companies (D, G & H) to the field. :From the monument on Houck Avenue at Gettysburg: :July 2 Arrived with the Brigade in the morning and took position on the right of the Twelfth Corps. Later moved to the left and at 6 p.m. the Brigade form ed line with left on north slope of Little Round Top the right extending into the woods. Advanced across Plum Run and to the crest of the rocky wooded hill in front near the Wheatfield and facing left occupied the stone wall on the edge of the woods. The Confederates having opened fire on the right flank and advanced through the Wheatfield in the rear the Brigade was withdrawn under a heavy infantry fire on both flanks and from the rear and shot and shell from the batteries and was formed in line on the right of Little Round Top. :July 3 Remained in same position. :Casualties: killed 1 officer and 15 men; wounded 5 officers and 27 men; missing 3 men See Also: [[:Category: 10th Infantry Regiment, United States Army|10th Infantry Regiment, United States Army]] for an overall history. ==Sources== *http://civilwarintheeast.com/us-regiments-batteries/us-regulars/10th-united-states-infantry/ *https://history.army.mil/books/R&H/r&h-10in.htm

[[Category: 13th Continental Regiment, Continental Army, American Revolution]] The 13th Continental Regiment was formed by consolidating the remnants of [[:Category:3rd Massachusetts Bay Provincial Regiment (1775), Continental Army, American Revolution |Walker's Regiment]] and [[:Category:20th Massachusetts Bay Provincial Regiment (1775), Continental Army, American Revolution | David Brewer's Regiment]] with the remnant of [[:Category: 6th Massachusetts Bay Provincial Regiment (1775), Continental Army, American Revolution | Read's Regiment]]. Colonel Joseph Read commanded this regiment throughout 1776. As a regiment on the right wing of the army at Boston, it was ordered to furnish details for the Fortification of Dorchester Heights. Read's regiment remained with the Main Army, moving to New York City in April. It served at Trenton and Princeton. Company Officers, as of April 1776 http://www.13thcontinentalregiment.org/timothy-walker-s-regt.html: :'''Captain Silas Cobb''' of Norton ::'''Lieutenant Isaac Smith''' of Norton, 56 men. :::'''Second Lieutenant Isaac Fisher''', of Norton ---- :'''Captain Samuel Bliss''' of Rehoboth ::'''Lieutenant Aaron Walker''' of Rehoboth, company of 48 men. :::'''Ensign Joseph Allen''' of Rehoboth ---- :'''Captain John King''' of Raynham. ::'''Lieutenant Noah Hall''' of Raynham, 57 men. :::'''Ensign Abraham Hathaway''' of Raynham ---- :'''Captain Francis Luscombe''' of Taunton ::'''Lieutenant Matthew Randall''' of Easton. 55 men. :::'''Ensign Seth Pratt of Easton''' ---- :'''Captain John Perry''' of Rehoboth. ::'''Lieutenant John Paine''' of Rehoboth 65 men. :::'''Ensign James Bucklin''' ---- :'''Captain Peter Pitts''' of Dighton. ::'''Lieutenant Zebedee Redding''' of Dighton 56 men. :::'''Ensign Henry Briggs''' of Dighton ---- :'''Captain Caleb Richardson''' of Attleborough. ::'''Lieutenant Enoch Robinson''', of Attleborough 59 men. :::'''Ensign Solomon Standley''', of Attleborough ---- :'''Captain Oliver Soper''' of Taunton. ::'''Lieutenant Simeon Cobb''' of Taunton 60 men. :::'''Ensign Thomas Williams''' . ---- :'''Captain Samuel Tubbs''' of Berkley. ::'''Lieutenant John Shaw''' of Raynham. 54 men. :::'''Ensign Joel Tubbs''' of Berkley. ---- :'''Captain Macey Williams''' of Easton. ::'''Lieutenant Samuel Lane''' of Norton. 57 men . :::'''Ensign John Cook''' of Norton. {{ProjectCategory|1776|1776}}

[[Category:1776 Project]] [[Project:1776|1776 Project]] | [[Space:1776_Project-Managed_Profiles|Managed Profiles]] | [[Space:1776_Project-Managed_Profiles#Criteria_for_Management_and_Protection|Criteria]] [[Space:1776_Managed_Profile_Requests|Request Form]] == Request Project Management for a Profile == Do you know of a profile that would benefit from project management or project management/project protection? The scope of the [[Project:1776|1776 Project]] is persons involved in the American Revolutionary War from 16 December 1773 (Boston Tea Party) to 21 June 1789 (ratification of Constitution of the United States—referred to as ''participants'' by this team. Is the profile for someone within the scope of the project that also meets at least one of these criteria? # "controversial profiles of historically-significant people and widely-shared ancestors" # profiles of notable people # profiles that represent extensive work that should be preserved If so, or even if you are unsure, please fill out this [https://forms.gle/jRVc6R2KWcfdLAb17 request form]. Not sure what all this means? Read more at [[Space:1776_Project-Managed_Profiles|Managed Profiles]]. The team is generally able to get back to you within 5 days. Thank you!
Last reviewed 19 Jan 2024 by the [[Space:1776 Managed Profiles Team|Managed Profiles Team]].

[[Category:1776 Project]] [[Project:1776|1776 Project]] | [[Space:1776_Project-Managed_Profiles|Managed Profiles]] | [[Space:1776_Managed_Profiles_Needs_Attention|Needs Attention]] == Introduction == This is a list of 1776 Project Managed Profiles needing attention. These were identified by the Managed Profiles Team as needing more attention during the monitoring of the Project Activity Feed. Typicallly, the profile(s) have significant issues requiring further research, with issues often spanning multiple profiles. If you would like to contribute to addressing one of these issues: # Please post a comment on that profile announcing you plan to work on the profile on behalf of the project. # When done, please post another comment on that profile requesting review by Project leadership. == Needs Project Cleanup == * [https://wikitree.sdms.si/default.htm?report=err6&Query=Template%3D1776+Sticker&MaxErrors=1000&ErrorID=896 1776 Stickers with Unknown Parameter]. == Needs Identity Statement == * Add a reliable source as a citation to an event in the Biography for this identity. * Add an identity statement immediately above the === Biography === line of the form shown below (a Will is just an example):

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[[Category:1776 Project]] [[Project:1776|1776 Project]] | [[Space:1776_Project-Managed_Profiles|Managed Profiles]] [[Space:1776_Managed_Profiles_Team|Team]] | [[Space:1776_Managed_Profiles_Workspace|Workspace]] [[Space:1776_Managed_Profiles_To_Do|To Do]] [[Space:1776_Managed_Profiles_Needs_Attention|Needs Attention]] == Introduction == Members of the [[Project:1776|1776 Project]] [[Space:1776 Managed Profiles Team|Managed Profiles Team]] handle some of the most contentious and notable profiles of participants in the American Revolutionary War. In carrying out its activities, the project ''manages'' person profiles in order to: * reduce conflicts and improve the accuracy of profiles of participants * research and improve profiles of notable participants * preserve profiles of participants that represent extensive work The project accomplishes this in a variety of ways including: * ''collaborating'' with other WikiTreers * ''following'' the profile of a participant by adding the project to the Trusted List * ''managing'' and additionally, in some cases, ''protecting'' the profile of a participant == Team Members == * Project Coordinator: [[Spratlin-29|Ken Spratlin]] == Join Us == If you wish to be considered for the team, please send a proud-of profile that you have worked on to the Project Coordinator. Here's what we are looking for in both your proud-of profile and your Contributions Feed: * Thorough understanding of [[Space:US_Southern_Colonies_Project_Editing_Guidance|US Southern Colonies Project Editing Guidance]] [the 1776 Project does not currently have its own guidelines] * Sufficient research to minimize the risk of duplicated and conflated profiles—researches places, not persons * Clear, concise, originally written biographies * All facts, including relationships, reliably sourced, with in-line citations of primary sources * Clearly states level of confidence (estimate, perhaps, apparently, possibly, likely, probably, certainly) for uncertain information * Proper use of Research Note Boxes * Disputed or questionable information is addressed in Research Notes * Frequently repeated alternative facts, and false or fake genealogy, is documented in Research Notes == Processes and Workspace == For more information about the team's activities and processes, including more detail about the information on this page, see: * [[Space:1776_Managed_Profiles_Workspace|Workspace]] * [[Space:1776_Managed_Profiles_To_Do|To Do]] * [[Space:1776_Managed_Profiles_Needs_Attention|Needs Attention]]
Last reviewed 19 Jan 2024 by the [[Space:1776_Managed_Profiles_Team|Managed Profiles Team]].

[[Category:1776 Project]] [[Project:1776|1776 Project]] | [[Space:1776_Project-Managed_Profiles|Managed Profiles]] [[Space:1776_Managed_Profiles_Team|Team]] | [[Space:1776_Managed_Profiles_Workspace|Workspace]] [[Space:1776_Managed_Profiles_To_Do|To Do]] [[Space:1776_Managed_Profiles_Needs_Attention|Needs Attention]] == Introduction == This is the workspace of the [[Space:1776_Managed_Profiles_Team|1776 Managed Profiles Team]]. == Managed Profiles Monitoring - 3x Per Week == * PMP Requests ** [https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1T1xAlbBqSF-xQk11d3SdzXEV4rBp6y-hDHP24kDV5g0/edit#gid=1942719452 Project Management Requests (tab 1)] ** [https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1T1xAlbBqSF-xQk11d3SdzXEV4rBp6y-hDHP24kDV5g0/edit#gid=58387222 Managed Profiles Master List (tab 2)] * Discussion ** [https://www.wikitree.com/g2g/tag/1776 WikiTree G2G: 1776 tag] ** [https://groups.google.com/g/wikitree-1776-project Google Groups: Project Managed Profiles, Pages & Discussion] * Activity ** [https://www.wikitree.com/index.php?title=Special:NetworkFeed&who=WikiTree-13&l=500&watchlist=1 Project Activity Feed] * Update ** [[Space:1776_Managed_Profiles_To_Do|To Do]] ** [[Space:1776_Managed_Profiles_Needs_Attention|Needs Attention]] == Managed Profiles Monitoring - Friday == * [[Automated:DD_ProjectState_List_WikiTree13|Data Doctors Project State]] * [https://plus.wikitree.com/function/WTWatchListTime/WatchListTime.htm?Account=WikiTree-13 WatchList Timeline] {| cellpadding="8" border="1" !287 ProjectState!!1500–1699!!1700–1799!!State!!Notes |- |1)|| ||170||PMP/PPP||ok |- |3)|| ||1||Project box/PPP/Trusted||review Changes & Comments,
add PMP? |- |4)|| || ||Project box/PPP||review Changes & Comments,
add PMP? |- |5)|| || ||PMP/PPP||add Project box |- |7)|| || ||PPP/Trusted||ok
(Heath-2480) |- |8)||14||7||PPP||review Changes & Comments,
often temporary for merge |- |9)|| ||45||PMP||add PPP? |- |11)|| || ||Project box/Trusted||review Changes & Comments
add PMP/PPP? |- |12)|| ||42||Project box||review Changes & Comments,
add PMP/PPP? |- |13)|| || ||PMP||review Changes & Comments,
add Project box/PPP? |- |15)|| || ||Trusted||ok |} :Note: Ignore States 1, 7, & 15 (ok states); review other States in report if different than values in table, and update table as needed. == Project Activity Feed Monitor Log == The 1776 Project [https://www.wikitree.com/index.php?title=Special:NetworkFeed&who=WikiTree-13&watchlist=1 activity feed] is monitored by this team as follows: * Sunday: * Monday: [[Spratlin-29|Ken Spratlin]] * Tuesday: * Wednesday: [[Spratlin-29|Ken Spratlin]] * Thursday: * Friday: [[Spratlin-29|Ken Spratlin]] * Saturday: Team members monitoring the activity feed should note the last line monitored on their shift by editing this page to update the bullet directly below, signing with ~~~~, and entering "ACTIVITY FEED MONITORED TO HERE" in the ''Explain your changes'' field. '''LAST LINE MONITORED:''' * '''29 Apr 2024''' 08:42: Kurt Potter edited the Biography for Benjamin Franklin (1706-1790). [[Spratlin-29|Spratlin-29]] 16:09, 29 April 2024 (UTC)
Last reviewed 19 Jan 2024 by the [[Space:1776_Managed_Profiles_Team|Managed Profiles Team]].

==1776 Profile Improvements Team== === Goals === Profile Improvements team members produce interesting, well-written, sourced biographies for the profiles of American Revolution ancestors. Profile improvement often requires enhancing the work of others, to achieve a result that meets the Wiki standards. Many times, a profile will have no biography at all, and little or no sources, so research may need to be done. === Guidelines === ==== Biographies ==== *Before starting a new profile, check for an existing profile. *Follow the [https://www.wikitree.com/wiki/Help:Biographies style guidelines:]. *Do not make changes to a PPP (Project-protected Profile) unless you have permission. *Always include the 1776 sticker if the person qualifies. *NSSAR and DAR stickers may also be applied, but no more than 3 stickers. *Add any appropriate categories. *Check the family connections. ==== Sources ==== *Use in-line source coding. *When possible, cite military or pension records for proof of service. *Official grave markers can be used as sources (include a link). *If the profile includes pre-1700 information, adhere to the [https://www.wikitree.com/wiki/Help:Pre-1700_Profiles pre-1700 source guidelines]. *Check all links to make sure they work. ==== Collaboration ==== *If you have a doubt about changes you want to make, reach out to the profile manager before getting started. *Leave comments in the message box on the profile. *Post a question to 1776 Google Group or to G2G if you need assistance. *Give everyone the benefit of the doubt. === Task List === *Use these maintenance pages to locate 1776 ancestors whose biographies need work: **https://www.wikitree.com/wiki/Category:1776_Project_Needs_Biography **https://www.wikitree.com/wiki/Category:1776_Project_Needs_Biography_Development **https://www.wikitree.com/wiki/Category:1776_Project_Needs_Connection *Pick a Revolutionary War hero or officer whose profile you would like to develop or improve. *Work on the profiles of Revolutionary War soldiers who are your own ancestors. === Resources === *https://www.wikitree.com/wiki/Space:1776_Project_Resource_Page

[[Category:1776 Project]] [[Project:1776|1776 Project]] | [[Space:1776_Project-Managed_Profiles|Managed Profiles]] | [[Space:1776_Project-Managed Profiles#Criteria_for_Management_and_Protection|Criteria]] [[Space:1776_Managed_Profile_Requests|Request Form]] == Introduction == The scope of the [[Project:1776|1776 Project]] is persons involved in the American Revolutionary War from 16 December 1773 (Boston Tea Party) to 21 June 1789 (ratification of The Constitution of the United States)—referred to as ''participants'' by this team. In carrying out its activities, the project ''manages'' person profiles in order to: * reduce conflicts and improve the accuracy of profiles of participants * research and improve profiles of notable participants * preserve profiles of participants that represent extensive work The project accomplishes this in a variety of ways including: * ''collaborating'' with other WikiTreers * ''following'' the profile of a participant by adding the project to the Trusted List * ''managing'' and additionally, in some cases, ''protecting'' the profile of a participant This page presents the criteria by which the project decides to ''manage'' and ''protect'' person profiles—known as Project-Managed Profiles (PMP) and Project-Protected Profiles (PPP). This page additionally points to other pages with additional, more detailed information and discussion. == Criteria for Management and Protection == '''PMP''': The [[Project:1776|1776 Project]] [[Help:Project-Managed Profiles|'''''manages''''']] person profiles of participants meeting at least ''one'' of these criteria: # "[[Space:1776_Project-Managed_Profiles#What is "Controversial"?|controversial]] profiles of historically-significant people and widely-shared ancestors"[[Help:Project-Managed Profiles#Why do projects manage profiles?|Help:Project-Managed Profiles, scope]] # profiles of notable people[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Notability_%28people%29 Wikipedia:Notability (people)] # profiles that represent extensive work that should be preservedThe [[Space:1776 Managed Profiles Team|Managed Profiles Team]] will make this determination. '''PPP''': The project additionally [[Help:Project Protection|'''''protects''''']] its project-managed person profiles if they meet [[Help:Project Protecting and Merging#Which profiles should be protected?|WikiTree's Project Protection requirements]]. In 1780, there were approximately 2.8 million persons in the [[Wikipedia:Thirteen Colonies|Thirteen Colonies]], most currently without a WikiTree profile. It is not possible or necessary for the project to manage all participant profiles, or even just those meeting the criteria for PMP and PPP. The [[Space:1776 Managed Profiles Team|Managed Profiles Team]] therefore exercises its best judgement in deciding which profiles are managed. == Profile Review and Management == The [[Space:1776 Managed Profiles Team|Managed Profiles Team]] reviews person profiles of participants against the above criteria and decides whether to make the profile a project-managed profile or a project-managed/project-protected profile. The project manages the profile along with the profile's existing profile manager(s), which may also include other [[Help:Projects|projects]]. For more information about the team's activities and processes, including more detail about the information on this page, see: * [[Space:1776_Managed_Profiles_Workspace|Workspace]] === Managed Profile Request Form === If you want the [[Space:1776 Managed Profiles Team|Managed Profiles Team]] to review a person profile for possible project management, or for possible removal from project management, please fill out the [[Space:1776 Managed Profile Requests|Managed Profile Requests form]]. The team is generally able to get back to you within 5 days. == What is "Controversial"? == "On WikiTree we collaborate on one family tree." But controversy does arise. Here are some examples that might result in the [[Space:1776 Managed Profiles Team|Managed Profiles Team]] designating a person profile as project-managed or project-managed/project-protected: * The person's claimed origins or relationships (i.e., parents, spouses, or children) are disputed, especially when the disputed claims are frequently repeated in public genealogies that do not cite [[Space:1776_Project_Reliable_Sources|reliable sources]]. * The person or their individual facts are easily confused (conflated) with someone else in the same area at about the same time. * The person profile is often duplicated, resulting in repetitive merge effort. * The person's life was controversial, resulting in differing opinions as to how their biography should be presented. * The change history of the profile shows a recent history of conflicting changes by two or more WikiTreers, and the misunderstanding and disagreement is not being resolved between them. These are just examples. The Managed Profiles Team will consider the person profile against the criteria as well as the entirety of the profile's history in making its decision. == Footnotes & Sources ==
Last reviewed 19 Jan 2024 by the [[Space:1776 Managed Profiles Team|Managed Profiles Team]].

[[Project:1776|1776 Project]] | [[Space: 1776_teams|Teams]] | [[Space: 1776_Project_Resource_Page|Resources]] | [[:Category: 1776 Project|Categories]] == Welcome to the 1776 Teams Page == This page has been left open and you are encouraged to edit it for improvements and for typos/errors. If you have any small improvements please make them and for bigger changes, please bring it up on the Google Group or send an email to the [[Baty-260|Project Leader]] == Teams == === Profile Improvement === The Profile Improvement Team seeks to improve 1776 profiles and to add biographies to profiles that do not have a narrative. : Detailed information about the Profiles Improvement Team can be found [https://www.wikitree.com/wiki/Space:1776_Profile_Improvements_Team here]. : Team Leader is [[Stephenson-2354 | Beth Stephenson]]. : Team Members: * [[Altenburg-72 | Ellen Altenburg]] - profile improvements * [[Weeks-1708|Judith (Weeks) Ancell]] - profile development, primarily in her own tree * [[Anderson-27686|Dean Anderson]] - profile improvements * [[Anderson-23510|Thom Anderson]] - profile improvements * [[Baldwin-3428|Carol Baldwin PhD, RN]] - adding profiles and stickers and developing profiles * [[Baraboo-1|Gerald Baraboo]] - My focuses are French Army Revolutionary War participants in North America and those families that remained in USA, Spanish/ French Army from Louisanne who fought against the British and Illinois Territory, Virginia Territory Colonial Militia who fought against the British on the Western front. * [[Dreyer-373|Sjana Lee Bauer]]- currently have 11 male & female ancestors that served in the American Revolution *[[Barnett-8737|Dona Buckman]] - profile development and improvement *[[Worley-2883|Cindy L Beam]]- member of NCSDAR and have numerous Patriots from various states * [[Bensen-16|Richard Bensen]] - profile development, working Bensen and similar spelling surnames in and around NY *[[Bond-7799 | Johnny Bond]]- I have done extensive research on those Patriots that removed to Tennessee, and some that relocated to Georgia, after the War. * [[Butler-21232|Russell Butler]] Profile Improvement * [[Chickering-80|Linda Chickering]] I can work on profile improvement. Is there a list of profiles that need to be worked on, or do we focus on those in our tree? * [[Cline-4297|Katherine (Cline) Cline-Bowman]] - profile improvement * [[Devlin-670|Richard Devlin]] - working on the [[Space:U.S._Revolutionary_War%2C_Devlin_Name_Study#U.S._Revolutionary_War|Irish Military Diaspora]] in the United States * [[Dysart-26|Ann Dysart]] - profiles * [[Ellis-15426|Jerry Ellis]]- I would like to work on the profile team. * [[Barrila-1|Sarah Fergione]] - profile improvement * [[Ferraiolo-2|Chris Ferraiolo]] - profile improvement *[[Fort-1319|Bill Fort]]- profile improvement * [[Givens-1286|Cheryl Givens]] - profiles * [[Grassi-12|Angela Grassi]] - profiles * [[Hagenburg-2|Joel Hagenburg M.A.]] - Profile Improvement *[[Hess-7248 | Robert Hess Jr PhD]]- I have at least two ancestors who participated in the American Revolutionary War as soldiers on the colonies side and two other ancestors who were Hessian mercenaries, who stayed in the United States after the war. I am particularly interested in the interplay between these two opposing groups as they went on to marry and make history in the United States. * [[Wood-9664 |April Holdridge ]]- Profile Improvement team, I have many ancestors that served in the Revolutionary War. * [[Tryon-1755 | Hyla Jenks]] -35 year DAR member with numerous American Revolutionary War Patriots * [[Jewett-5846 |Alan Jewett]] -direct ancestors in the Continental Army during the American Revolutionary War * [[Kappeler-23|Muriel K. (Kappeler) Jackson]] Profile Improvement * [[Bright-1984|Billie (Bright) Keaffaber]] - has been and will continue to work on profile development * [[Keniston-36|Bob Keniston Jr.]] - Massachusetts profiles * [[Kleine-49|Honi Kleine]] - profiles * [[Lawrence-17722|Thomas Lawrence]] *[[LeMaster-580| Travis LeMaster]]-I would like to join the project. SAR member. *[[Meadows-3721| Patti Harriman]]- profile improvement. Just point me where you'd like me to start. * [[Michaelsen-74|Jeff Michaelsen]] - profile improvement * [[McAnally-123|John McAnally]]-Direct male ancestor served in the Revolutionary War * [[McCaleb-261|Pamela (McCaleb) Parker]] - profile deveopment *[[Morrow-6809|David Morrow]]- I'd like to sign up for the profile improvement team. I do have five known veterans who served in the Revolutionary War, and several of them do need stickers. I'll probably have to find what units they belonged to and the state as well. Let me know if this is the case. *[[Newman-12496|Renee Newman]] * [[Nimocks-19|Steven Nimocks]] - profile dev *[[Norway-114|Ave Norway]]- I would like to be a part of the Profile Improvement Team. * [[Pease-3024|Bill Pease]] - profile dev (inactive now but plans to pick up later) *[[Reed-28962|Anonymous Reed]]- I think the profile improvement tream is the best fit for me. *[[Rudd-3040|John Rudd]] *[[Rutz-276 |Glenn Rutz]]-I am a former SAR member and have several of my Revolutionary War ancestors on Wikitree. * [[Satterwhite-79|Marshall Satterwhite USN ret.]] - profile improvements * [[Sigh-1|John Sigh Jr.]] - profile improvements * [[Silva-1055|Mindy Silva]] - improving bios on challenge profiles * [[Soper-753|Deb Soper]] - profile development & improvement *[[Spratlin-29|Ken Spratlin]]- I would like to join and work on profile improvement. Currently the Managed Profiles Coordinator for the US Southern Colonies Project, so bump into many of these profile often. * [[Staples-1113|Audrey Staples]] profile improvement * [[Stawski-25|Andrea (Stawski) Pack]] - profile improvement * [[Stephenson-2354 | Beth Stephenson]] - profile improvement * [[Street-2528|Ed Street]] - profile development * [[Taylor-25258|Carole Taylor]] - Working on The Boston Tea Party followed by adding all ENTRIES of the St. John's Parish Joppa, Maryland 1700-1800 Register, 1164 images and I am on #451 ... A lot of them are Am Rev War... *[[Thames-675|Becky Thames-Simmons]] - DAR with 35+ documented RW patriots *[[Thiers-22|Jan (Thiers) Rohn]] - Has quite a few ancestors who participated in the American Revolution * [[Tilley-856|Bob Tilley]] - Profile development and improvement * [[Tucker-6824 | Deanna Tucker]] - profile improvement * [[Van_Riper-81|Arthur Van Riper Jr]] - profiles of the New York and New Jersey area and Ohio regions * [[Verner-226|Dulcie Verner]] - profiles * [[Wall-7010|Jan (Wall) Wall-Buker]] - profile development * [[Peel-486|Diane (Peel) Walls]] - Profile Improvement * [[Ward-30118|Jim Ward]] - profile development and improvement *[[Watson-2385|Dawn Watson]] * [[Wiborg-8|Jim Wiborg]] - Continue developing New England profiles back to the Revolution and beyond. [https://www.wikitree.com/wiki/Wiborg-8#New_England Examples of interests here.] * [[Wightman-187 | Thomas Wightman]] -I have several Revolutionary War ancestors * [[Wilder-1162|Carol Wilder]] - profile improvement * [[Wilkins-877|Laura Wilkins]] - profiles *[[Luther-1921| Sherrye Woodworth]] -I have patriots, loyalists, and a British officer in my lineage. *[[Woods-19422|Robert Woods]]- I would like to use this opportunity to help profile improvement and learn more about how these committees communicated. === Sticker and template === The Sticker and Template Team will add stickers to the participants of the war, Patriot, Loyalist, and ally profiles, help to answer questions about the [https://www.wikitree.com/wiki/Template:1776_Sticker American Revolution ("1776") sticker and template], and assist members with questions relating to the [https://www.wikitree.com/wiki/Template:DAR-grs DAR sticker], [https://www.wikitree.com/wiki/Template:NSSAR_Patriot_Ancestor SAR sticker], and [https://www.wikitree.com/wiki/Template:Society_Ancestor Society Ancestor sticker]. : Detailed information about the Sticker and Template Team can be found [https://www.wikitree.com/wiki/Space:1776_Stickers_and_Templates_Team here]. : {{Blue|Team Leader}} is [[Campbell-2634|Christine (Campbell) Preston]] - Christine is also correcting sticker errors and coordinating sticker and template implementation * [[Nowell-324|Dola (Nowell) Acree]] - stickers and templates * [[Jenks-454|Jean (Jenks) Adams]] - stickers & template * [[Armistead-1150|Donna Armistead]] - stickers/templates, categorization *[[Baker-13902|Mary Baker]]-emplate and Sticker team or the categorization team. I have a fair amount of experience on WikiTree, very little insight into military records though * [[Barber-3947|Deborah Barber]] - stickers *[[Bauer-6543|Katherine Bauer]]- I am interested in the Revolutionary War, I would like to be on the Sticker & Template Team * [[Morgan-8221 |Dreama Brower]]-I am a DAR member and have been working on my Patriot ancestors. I am also working on related family of my ancestors and plan to offer my assistance to members of DAR for their ancestors. * [[Broughton-1078 |Frank Broughton Sr ]]- Sticker Team * [[Craft-30|Valerie Craft]] - stickers (DAR stickers) * [[ Clary-1861| Teresa willis]] * [[Davis-22213|Teresa Davis]] - Teresa Davis *[[Drennan-403|Robert Drennan]] I have 2 DAR relatives and would like to join the Stickers team. * [[Dysart-26|Ann Dysart]] - stickers * [[Evans-3182|Kathy Evans]] Adding stickers to profiles, correcting sticker template errors * [[Barrila-1 |Sarah Fergione]] - I am a member of the DAR, training to become a branch registrar * [[Freeman-16550 |Debbie Freeman]] - stickers - currently working to removed top level American Revolution category from profiles and adding the new sticker in it's place *[[Herndon-1623|Richard Herndon]]- I am in the SAR, and am looking for additional patriot ancestors. *[[Huggins-2519|Laura Huggins Ward]]- want to help Profile Improvement, stickers * [[King-14976 |Mollie King]]-I'd like to join the sticker team for 1776. I've updated a couple of my DAR patriots to the new template already. Thanks! *[[Lapham-379|Leslie Lapham]] *[[Line-353|Judy Line]]- I think I's like to try the Sticker team. * [[Lovelace-587|Alexis (Lovelace) Nelson]] - working on DAR and SAR stickers *[[Lowe-6639|Cortland Lowe]] *[[Martin-71342|J Blaine Martin ]]- I would like to join this project and help on the research or the sticker and template team * [[McCarthy-5653|Nikell McCarthy]] - stickers! *[[McCown-637|DC McCown ]] *[[Meehan-411|Beryl Meehan]] - stickers, DAR, New Research/ New Patriots, Life Guards, Boston Tea Party, and the Big Runaway Category * [[Mullenberg-4 |Kirby Mullenberg]]- I'm in the process of joining the DAR and have various American Revolution ancestors Requested Stickers, categories and membership. * [[Phelps-5123|Rebekah (Phelps) McKinney]] - stickers & templates *[[Russo-1255|Chris Russo]]- I've previously added 1776 stickers to some of my ancestors. *[[Schafer-3394|Elizabeth Schafer]]- I’d like to contribute to the Sticker and Template team. *[[Simmons-4523|Joel Simmons]]- SAR member here- please put me on the "The Sticker and Template Team" * [[Skelton-1756|Betty (Skelton) Norman]] - stickers * [[Stawski-25|Andrea (Stawski) Pack]] - stickers *[[Stephens-3929|Alice Thomsen]]- I would like stickers/templates, categorization, profile improvement, and research. While doing a profile improvement I work on all 4 elements of the profile. * [[Brewer-9504|Tracye (Brewer) Smith]] stickers * [[Silva-1055|Mindy Silva]] - adding & improving stickers on challenge profiles * [[Smith-161711|Cfv Smith]] - 2020 Atlanta Chapter SAR Past President - will work w/stickers and templates *[[Smith-254715| Gary Smith]] -Numerous RW ancestors, and I am a life member of SAR * [[Turner-31307|James Turner]]- I have identified several ancestors the need stickers. * [[Vincent-18|Bill Vincent Ph.D.]] - stickers and template *[[Hartley-6190|Shonie Hartley Wahl]]- I am a DAR member and looking for more Patriots in my line, I would love to join. * [[Weddington-53|Eric Weddington]] - adding / improving [https://www.wikitree.com/wiki/Template:DAR-grs DAR sticker], [https://www.wikitree.com/wiki/Template:NSSAR_Patriot_Ancestor SAR sticker], and [https://www.wikitree.com/wiki/Template:Society_Ancestor Society Ancestor sticker] * [[Adkins-2264|Brenda (Adkins) Wright]] - stickers * [[Wood-35114|Greg Wood]] - stickers and template * [[Phelps-5123|Rebekah (Phelps) McKinney]] - stickers & templates * [[Chickering-80|Linda Chickering]] - stickers & templates === Categorization === There is currently a lot of work to be done in the project categorization department. There are many obsolete categories, some that are duplicated, others not in proper hierarchy, and some that have yet to be created. Early on this team will try to "clean up" the category mess and eventually the project will be in place to give help to those who have category questions and more importantly, they will help to set up the new categories that will be created when new military units are entered into the sticker template. : {{Blue|Team Leader}} position is open. * [[Armistead-1150|Donna Armistead]] - stickers/templates, categorization *[[Coleman-2143|Kathleen Coleman]] * [[Evans-3182|Kathy Evans]] - will be working primarily in Massachusetts *[[Johnson-107455|Vance Johnson]]- I believe I could help most on either Categorization or the Sticker Teams * [[ Lee-25233|C C Lee]] Categories * [[Moore-20209|Jim Moore]] - working on categories * [[Mullenberg-4 |Kirby Mullenberg]]- I'm in the process of joining the DAR and have various American Revolution ancestors Requested Stickers, categories and membership. * [[North-4493 | R North]]- I am a retired data architect, so my skills seem to fit best with the categorization team. * [[Raber-23|Lynden (Raber) Rodriguez OCDS]] - categorization *[[Rowles-314|Darryl Rowles]] - New team member 12/1/2023. * [[Selvaggio-84|Lucy (Selvaggio) Selvaggio-Diaz]] - categories * [[Ward-21154|Stu Ward]] - focusing on Nova Scotia * [[Wood-35114|Greg Wood]] - categorization *[[Clary-1861|Teresa Willis]] - categorization === Research assistance === The Research Assistance Team will help members who have research questions for 1776 profiles. : {{Blue|Team Leader}} position is open. * [[Bacon-5802|Dan Bacon]] - research assistance *[[Bates-11858|John Bates]]- I would like to join the research team. Thank you for welcoming me to the project. * [[Bazemore-21|James Bazemore]] - research assistance *[[Briley-321|Margo Briley]]- I think my best fit would be the Research team. I already do this for DAR, so it would be fun to apply my knowledge to help others. * [[Britcher-19|Marcia (Britcher) Fiedler]] research * [[DeWitt-1933|Marv DeWitt]] - can offer help & suggestions about applying for NSSAR membership * [[Fansler-29|Nancy Fansler]] - research * [[Grant-2647|Geoff Grant]] - research * [[Gradeless-1|Donald Gradeless Ph.D.]] - research *[[Godsey-688|Karla Godsey]]- I am DAR and would love to work on this project. * [[Jones-45006|Lonnie Jones]] - has experience navigating the SAR application process *[[Kelly-10128|Jack Kelly]] * [[King-21644|Eddie King]] - can do record pulls and help finding docs * [[Carder-47|Deborah (Carder) Mayes]] - can help with research assistance *[[Marsh-6355|Elizabeth Marsh]]- I'm a retired librarian, I've been doing genealogical research for over 10 years, I am a DAR member and have prepared and submitted over 50 lineage applications * [[Millerd-11|Lauren Millerd]]- extremely familiar with locating resources in Connecticut, as well as some in Rhode Island and Massachusetts * [[Mitchell-17863|Sherrie Mitchell]] research for Virginia especially, and also for NC, MD, KY, TN *[[Pillius-1|Jodie Pillius]]- I am a member of DAR. * [[Gahn-22|Nanette (Gahn) Pezzutti]] - can help others with NSDAR inquiries * [[Ford-7883|Anonymous (Ford) Stark]] - can help with Williamsburg, VA * [[Belden-585|Steven Belden]] - research === Welcome Team === The Welcome Team will greet new members at the G2G join thread, assist with Google Groups orientation, and will help to answer 1776 related questions in the G2G Forum. The Welcome Team will also assist in periodic member check-in posts. : {{Blue|Team Leader}} is [[Smith-163138|Lisa (Smith) Martin]] - Lisa leads the Welcome Team and helps with greetings and orientation of new project members. == Project Leaders and Coordinators == * [[Baty-260|SJ Baty]] - Project Leader - On leave * [[Skelton-1756|Betty (Skelton) Norman]] - Project Leader * [[Richardson-7161|Mary Richardson]] - Project Coordinator (Membership) * [[Spratlin-29|Ken Spratlin]] - Project Coordinator (Managed Profiles)

[[Category: 1st Maryland Regiment (1776), Continental Army, American Revolution]] The 1st Maryland Regiment (Smallwood's Regiment) originated with the authorization of a Maryland Battalion of the Maryland State Troops on 14 January 1776. It was organized in the spring at Baltimore, Maryland (three companies) and Annapolis, Maryland (six companies) under the command of Colonel William Smallwood consisting of eight companies and one light infantry company from the northern and western counties of the colony of Maryland. ([[Wikipedia:1st_Maryland_Regiment]]) '''History''' * On 6 July 1776 the Maryland Battalion was assigned to the main Continental Army. * On 12 August 1776 it was assigned to Stirling's Brigade and five days later (17 August 1776) adopted into the main Continental Army. * On 31 August the Maryland Battalion was re-assigned from Stirling's Brigade to McDougall's Brigade. * On 19 September 1776 the Maryland Independent Companies were assigned to the Maryland Battalion. * This element was relieved from McDougall's Brigade on 10 November 1776. * From 10 December 1776 to January 1777 the element was assigned to Mercer's Brigade. * In January 1777 this element was re-organized to eight companies and was re-designated as the 1st Maryland Regiment and assigned to the 1st Maryland Brigade on 22 May 1777 of the main continental Army. * On 12 May 1779 the regiment was re-organized to nine companies. * On 5 April 1780 the 1st Maryland Brigade was re-assigned to the Southern Department. * On 1 January 1781 it was re-assigned to the Maryland Brigade of the Southern Department. * The regiment would see action during the [[:Category:Battle of Harlem Heights|New York Campaign]], [[:Category:Battle of Trenton|Battle of Trenton]], [[:Category:Battle of Princeton|Battle of Princeton]], [[:Category:Battle of Brandywine Creek|Battle of Brandywine]], [[:Category:Battle of Germantown|Battle of Germantown]], [[:Category:Battle of Monmouth|Battle of Monmouth]], [[:Category:Battle of Camden|Battle of Camden]] and the [[:Category:Battle of Guilford Court House|Battle of Guilford Court House]]. * The regiment was furloughed 27 July 1783 at Baltimore and disbanded on 15 November 1783. The Maryland Battalion distinguished itself at the Battle of Long Island by single-handedly covering the retreat of the American forces against numerically superior British and Hessian forces, with a group of men memorialized as the Maryland 400. Thereafter, General George Washington relied heavily upon the Marylanders as one of the few reliable fighting units in the early Continental Army. For this reason, Maryland is sometimes known as "The Old Line State." The lineage of this unit is perpetuated by the 175th Infantry Regiment, Maryland Army National Guard. '''Battle of Brooklyn''' The Maryland Regiment had joined the Continental Army barely two weeks before the Battle of Brooklyn. Unlike most of Washington's Army, the Maryland contingent had been well drilled at home and were so well equipped – they even had bayonets, a rarity for the Army – that the Regiment was known at home as the Dandy Fifth, and to the rest of the Army as "macaronis", the then current word for dandies. When the British under Cornwallis surprised the Americans by circling around their rear, Lord Stirling ordered all forces, other than the Marylanders, who were outside the fortified position on Brooklyn Heights to retreat there. Then Stirling led the 400 Maryland men against Cornwallis' 2,000 who were massed around the Old Stone House, a thick-walled fieldstone and brick fortification near today's Fifth Avenue and 3rd Street that had been built in 1699 to withstand Indian raids. In fierce fighting, the Marylanders charged the British forces six times to give their comrades time to make their way to safety with the rest of Washington's army in the Heights. Twice they managed to drive the British from the house, but as more British reinforcements arrived and the Marylanders casualties mounted, they finally had to give up the assault and try to get to safety themselves. Only Major Gist and nine others managed to reach the American lines. Of the others, 256 lay dead in front of the Old Stone House and more than 100 were wounded/and or captured. The bravery of the Maryland Regiment earned them the name "immortals". The dead were buried in a farm field. The gravesite is located on what is now Third Avenue between 7th and 8th Streets. Until the widening of Third Avenue in 1910, the site was marked by a tablet that read: "Burial place of ye 256 Maryland soldiers who fell in ye combat at ye Cortelyou House on ye 27th day of August 1776." Over time, the farm became the site of a Red Devil paint factory, and the burial grounds became part of a factory courtyard open to the sky because of a deed restriction relating to the grave. More time passed. The paint factory gave way to an auto repair shop and the courtyard was roofed over. Today the heroes whom Washington himself lamented lie under the floor of the building that had housed the auto repair shop. They lie in their unmarked grave miles from a Stanford White monument to their sacrifice in the form of a marble shaft topped with a sphere that stands at the foot of Lookout Hill in Prospect Park. It was erected in 1895 as a gift of the Maryland Society of the Sons of the American Revolution. The Old Stone House survived the battle and in later years became the first clubhouse of the baseball team that came to be known as the Brooklyn Dodgers. It was destroyed in the 1890s, and rebuilt in the 1930s. ''The Battle of Brooklyn 1776 by John J. Gallagher (Sarpedon Publishers, 1995)'' '''1st Maryland Regiment''' :Active: 1776–1783 :Allegiance: Continental Congress of the United States :Type: Infantry :Size: 728 soldiers(1776) re-organized to 611 soldiers(1781) :Part of: Maryland Line '''Engagements''' :[[:Category:Battle of Harlem Heights|Battle of Brooklyn, Harlem Heights]] :[[:Category:Battle of Trenton|Battle of White Plains, Trenton]] :[[:Category:Battle of Princeton|Battle of Princeton]] :[[:Category:Battle of Brandywine Creek|Battle of Brandywine Creek]] :[[:Category:Battle of Germantown|Battle of Germantown]] :[[:Category:Battle of Monmouth|Battle of Monmouth]] :[[:Category:Battle of Camden|Battle of Camden]] :[[:Category:Battle of Guilford Court House|Battle of Guilford Court House]] :[[:Category:Siege of Yorktown|Siege of Yorktown]] '''Notable commanders''' :Colonel William Smallwood :Colonel John Gunby '''Images''' * 1st Maryland Regiment holding the line at the [http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Battle_of_Guiliford_Courthouse_15_March_1781.jpg/1280px-Battle_of_Guiliford_Courthouse_15_March_1781.jpg Battle of Guilford]. '''Research Links''' *https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maryland_400

[[Category:2nd North Carolina Regiment, Continental Army, American Revolution]] The 2nd North Carolina Regiment was an American infantry unit that was raised for the Continental Army during the American Revolutionary War. In 1776 the regiment helped defend Charleston, South Carolina. Ordered to join George Washington's main army in February 1777, the regiment subsequently fought at Brandywine and Germantown during the Philadelphia Campaign. After most other North Carolina regiments were sent home to recruit, the 1st and 2nd Regiments remained with the main army and fought at Monmouth in June 1778. The regiment was transferred to the Southern Department and was captured by the British army in May 1780 at the Siege of Charleston. Together with the 1st Regiment, the unit was rebuilt and fought capably at Eutaw Springs. The 2nd was furloughed in April 1783 and officially dissolved in November 1783. '''History''' The 2nd North Carolina Regiment was authorized on 1 September 1775 for service with the Continental Army. Ten companies were organized at Edenton, New Bern, and Salisbury, North Carolina during the autumn of 1775. Robert Howe was appointed colonel. At the end of 1775 he marched his regiment north to Virginia. Arriving near Norfolk, Virginia on 14 December 1775, Howe provoked a British attack on the town on 1 January 1776 which resulted in the Burning of Norfolk and the withdrawal of Lord Dunmore's forces. On 4 January 1776, the 2nd Regiment was reorganized in the strength of eight companies. The unit was assigned to the Southern Department on 27 February 1776. The 1st, 2nd, and 3rd North Carolina Regiments participated in the successful defense of Charleston that culminated in the Battle of Sullivan's Island. At the time, the three regiments were only half of their nominal strength. The early successes of local militia over American loyalists and Indians convinced many southerners that professional soldiers were not required for defense. Therefore, the Continental Army regiments received less support than was seen in the northern colonies. The 2nd North Carolina was transferred to the main army on 5 February 1777. The unit became part of the North Carolina Brigade on 8 July 1777. When the North Carolina Brigade arrived near Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, it was so badly understrength that the field officers suggested transferring all the soldiers into the three senior regiments. However, this was not done until the following May when the other regiments were reduced to cadres and sent home to recruit. The 2nd Regiment saw action at the Battle of Brandywine on 11 September 1777. The North Carolina Brigade, under Brigadier General Francis Nash was deployed in reserve near Chadds Ford. Late in the afternoon, after Sir William Howe's flanking column had broken the American right wing, Washington directed Nathanael Greene's division and Nash's brigade to block the British thrust. Though the battle resulted in an American defeat, Howe's advance was brought to a halt in a fierce musketry duel and Washington's army limped away to fight again. At the Battle of Germantown on 4 October 1777, the North Carolina Brigade and William Maxwell's New Jersey Brigade were part of Lord Stirling's Reserve Division. During the advance, a cannon ball killed one of Maxwell's aides and mortally wounded Nash. Presently, Lord Stirling's column found itself confronted by about 100 British soldiers in the Chew House. After a bombardment by cannon failed to reduce the structure, two New Jersey regiments tried to storm the place. The North Carolina troops fired on the north side of the house in support, but all American attacks were repulsed with heavy losses. During the 1777–1778 winter encampment at Valley Forge, Brigadier General Lachlan McIntosh took command of the North Carolina Brigade. Colonel John Patten, Lieutenant Colonel Selby Harney, and Major Hardy Murfree were the field officers in the 2nd North Carolina. The regiment fought at the Battle of Monmouth and the Siege of Charleston. The regiment would be captured by the British Army at Charlestown, South Carolina on May 12, 1780. The regiment was reformed in the summer of 1781, furloughed January 1, 1783 at James Island, South Carolina and disbanded on November 15, 1783. '''2nd North Carolina Regiment''' :Active: 1775–1783 :Allegiance: United States Continental Congress :Type: Infantry :Size: 8, 9 or 10 companies :Part of: North Carolina Line :Engagements: ::Burning of Norfolk (1776) ::Battle of Sullivan's Island (1776) ::Battle of Brandywine (1777) ::Battle of Germantown (1777) ::Battle of Monmouth (1778) ::Siege of Charleston (1780) ::Battle of Eutaw Springs (1781) :Commanders: ::[[Howe-2250|Colonel Robert Howe]] ::Colonel John Patten For details and roster of soldiers, see: * [http://www.ncgenweb.us/ncstate/amrev/2ndContinental.htm North Carolina State American Revolutionary War Memory Project] ''2nd North Carolina Continental'' *[[Wikipedia:2nd_North_Carolina_Regiment]] * [http://www.carolana.com/NC/Revolution/revolution_nc_second_regiment.html 2nd Regiment Roster] by J.D. Lewis

[[Category:5th Maryland Regiment (1776), Continental Army, American Revolution]] '''5th Maryland Regiment (1776)''' The 5th Maryland Regiment is a designation which has been held by several units over the years, not all of which necessarily share the same lineage and honors. Although the first unit to carry the "5th Maryland" designation was organized in 1776 from volunteers in rural Maryland, the designation has been most often associated with militia units in Baltimore. [[Wikipedia:5th_Maryland_Regiment]] The first 5th Maryland Regiment was organized on 27 March 1776 composing of eight companies of volunteers from the counties of Queen Anne's, Kent, Caroline, and Dorchester of the colony of Maryland and was authorized on 16 September 1776 for service with the Continental Army. Recruitment Areas It was assigned to the main Continental Army on 27 December 1776. On 22 May 1777, it was assigned to the 1st Maryland Brigade and re-organized on 12 May 1779 to nine companies. It was re-assigned to the Southern Department on 5 April 1780. The regiment was re-assigned from the 1st Maryland Brigade to the Maryland Brigade on 1 January 1781. The regiment would see action during the [[:Category:Battle of Long Island|Battle of Long Island]] (1776), the [[:Category:Battle of Brandywine Creek|Battle of Brandywine]] (1777), the [[:Category:Battle of Germantown|Battle of Germantown]] (1777), the [[:Category:Battle of Monmouth|Battle of Monmouth]] (1778), the [[:Category:Battle of Camden|Battle of Camden]] (1780), and the [[:Category:Battle of Guilford Court House|Battle of Guilford Court House]] (1781). The regiment was furloughed 1 January 1782, at Round O, South Carolina and disbanded on 1 January 1783. '''5th Maryland Regiment''' :Active 1774-1783 :Country United States :Allegiance Continental Congress of the United States :Branch Army :Type Infantry :Size 728 soldiers(1776) re-organized to 611 soldiers(1781) :Part of Maryland Line :Nickname Dandy Fifth '''Engagements''' : [[:Category:Battle of Long Island|Battle of Long Island]] : [[:Category:Battle of Trenton|Battle of Trenton]] : [[:Category:Battle of Princeton|Battle of Princeton]] : [[:Category:Battle of Brandywine Creek|Battle of Brandywine]] : [[:Category:Battle of Germantown|Battle of Germantown]] : [[:Category:Battle of Monmouth|Battle of Monmouth]] : [[:Category:Siege of Yorktown|Battle of Yorktown]] : [[:Category:Battle of Cowpens|Battle of Cowpens]] : [[:Category:Battle of Guilford Court House|Battle of Guilford Court House]] : New York 1776 : New York 1777 : South Carolina 1780 : South Carolina 1781 : South Carolina 1782 '''Images''' * [http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Northpt.jpg/1280px-Northpt.jpg Painting of the Battle of North Point] by Don Troiani, at which the Maryland Militia, including the 5th Maryland Regiment, held up the British advance long enough to organize the successful defense of Baltimore. * [http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/21/Lithograph_of_painting_byThomas_Ruckle.jpg The Battle of North Point], Lithograph of an original painting by militiaman and amateur painter Thomas Ruckle. Ruckle served with the Washington Blues, a company of the 5th Regiment, Maryland Militia, at the Battle of North Point

'''74th Regiment of (Highland) Foot (Argylles) 1778 - 1784''' ===Creation=== In December 1777, John Campbell of Barbreck received letters of service from King George III to raise a regiment of infantry in the county of Argyll for service in the regular army for the civil war in the American colonies (later the Revolutionary War). Campbell had seen previous service in the colonies during the French and Indian Wars. His commission allowed him to raise a force of around 1000 men. His recruiting was successful through Argyll and the region north of Glasgow and he raised for first muster 1,082 officers and men. These he formed into eight companies with 1 captain, 2 lieutenants, 1 ensign, 5 sergeants, 5 corporals, 2 drummers and 100 private soldiers; an establishment typical of the regular army of the day. He retained one grenadier (heavy) company and one light (skirmishing) company each with 1 captain, 3 lieutenants, 5 sergeants, 5 corporals, 2 drummers, 2 pipers and 100 private soldiers each. [[:Category:Clan Campbell|Clan Campbell]] provided many of the men, including nearly 70% of the Officers. As was typical, friends of John Campbell also received commissions. Although his commission mandated that all that served were to be between 18 and 30, one of those commissioned was "The MacQuarrie" who joined, due to financial problems, at the age of 62. The first muster of the regiment was held in April 1778 at Glasgow and the unit numbered 74th Regiment of (Highland) Foot (Argylles). It was inspected, by the King, at Glasgow in May 1778 and sailed for Halifax, Nova Scotia, in August 1778. ===Deployment=== In April 1779 the two flank companies; grenadier and light, were deployed to the main British force base in New York. The rest of the Regiment, along with the companies of the [[:Category: 82nd Regiment of Foot, American Revolution|82nd Regiment of Foot]], a Regiment recruited from neighbouring Lanarkshire, were deployed as part of a British naval and military force under the command of General Francis McLean. They deployed to Maine, Penobscot Bay, with the intent of creating a new loyalist colony to be called New Ireland. They began erecting Fort George on one of the highest points of the peninsula. ===Siege of Bagaduce (Penobscot Expedition)=== The action was opposed, by a force of 2,500 men under the command of Commodore Saltonstall of Boston, and the Regiment fought a strong defensive action resulting in a 21-day siege. The Royal Navy relieved the siege with reinforcements and the Americans were routed by the arrival of British reinforcements under the command of Sir George Collier. The battle was one of the greatest British victories of the war. The failure by the Revolutionaries proved to be the greatest American naval defeat until Pearl Harbor in 1941. The regiment remained at Fort George until January 1784, when the fort was evacuated and the troops returned to New York, with elements deploying to Nova Scotia. There they were reunited with the regiment's flank companies who had been operating under General Sir Henry Clinton in South Carolina. ===Action in the Carolinas=== The Grenadier company served with General Sir Henry Clinton in South Carolina in 1779 and 1780 but seems to have been back in New York in 1781. The Light Company was with Clinton in 1779/80 and then served in Virginia in 1781, as part of Lord Cornwallis' army, surrendering at Yorktown in October 1781. They remained as prisoners until the end of the war in 1783, when they were returned to New York. ===Disbandment=== The regiment remustered at New York at the end of 1783 and returned to England in January 1784, arriving at Portsmouth. From there they marched to Stirling, where the Regiment was disbanded on 24 May 1784. As was common, many of the members of the unit remained in New York and then subsequently migrated into Canada. ===Tartan=== As a Highland Regiment the unit was allowed to wear a tartan. There is some uncertainty regarding the tartan that was worn and it was definitely NOT that worn later by the Argyll and Sutherland Highlanders. Scottish Tartans suggest that they wore the Government tartan (the Black Watch).Scottish Tartans; [http://www.tartansauthority.com/tartan-ferret/display/5960/74th-regiment-of-foot-mil 74th Regiment of Foot] ===Genealogy=== A large number of the members of this unit disbanded in Canada. An excellent source of material, for early Canadian settlers, can be found at a [http://members.shaw.ca/caren.secord/locations/NewBrunswick/Lists/74thRegiment_background.html Private Genealogy site]. ==Sources== * For a brief, but detailed, history of the unit see: [http://www.74thhighlandregiment.com/history.html 74th Regiment of Foot]

[[Category: 8th Pennsylvania Regiment, Continental Army, American Revolution]] '''Colonel''' :[[Mackay-788|Aeneas MacKay]] (20 Jul 1776 - 15 Feb 1777) :[[Brodhead-10|Daniel Brodhead]] (Mar 1776 - Jan 1781) '''Lt. Colonel''' :George Wilson (Jul 1776 - Dec 1776) :Richard Butler (12 Mar 1777 - 9 Jun 1777) :James Ross ( - 22 Sep 1777) :[[Bayard-78|Stephen Bayard]] (23 Sep 1777 - 17 Jan 1781) '''Major''' :Richard Butler (20 Jul 1776 - 12 Mar 1777) :Steven Bayard (12 Mar 1777 - 33 Sep 1777) :James Ross : [[Vernon-2703|Frederick Vernon]] (7 Jun 1777 - 17 Jan 1781) '''Captain''' {| |Samuel Brady || || |- |[[Carson-1827|Moses Carson]] || || |- |[[Clark-15132|John Clark]] || || |- |Thomas T Cooke || || |- |[[Finley-615|John Finley]] || || 79 |- |[[Huffnagle-18|Michael Huffnangle]] || || 74 |- |[[Kilgore-177|David Kilgore]] |||| 58 |- |[[Mann-2758|Andrew Mann]] || || 62 |- |[[Myers-926|Eliezer Myers]] || || |- |[[Montgomery-2914|James Montgomery]] || || 59 |- |[[Miller-18507|Samuel Miller]] || ( - 10 Jul 1778) || 85 |- |[[Ourry-1|Wendel Ourry]]|| || 59 |- |[[Piggott-362|James Piggot]] || || 59 |- |[[Prather-658|Basil Prather]] || || 73 |- |[[Swearingen-41|Van Swearingen]]|| || 74 |- |[[Stokely-16|Nehemiah Stokely]]|| || |} '''Lt=''' :[[Amberson-62 | Lt. William Amberson]] '''Ensign''' '''Surgeon''' :[[Morgan-5070|Abel Morgan]] ===Sources=== * [https://books.google.com/books?id=dc8wAQAAMAAJ&pg=PA379&lpg=PA379&dq=captain+moses+carson&source=bl&ots=7tJOofefwu&sig=23ZY_6gl63b_YS4NN2AKgkJ5En0&hl=en&sa=X&ei=mUmUVOTyJ4fnoASgg4LYAw&ved=0CD8Q6AEwBg#v=onepage&q=eighth&f=false Old and New Westmoreland, Volume 1]

[[Category: American Revolution Conflicts]] '''Major conflicts''' :'''1775''' ::[[:Category:Battles of Lexington and Concord|Battles of Lexington and Concord]] ::[[:Category:Siege of Boston|Siege of Boston]] ::[[:Category:Battle of Ticonderoga|Battle of Ticonderoga]] ::[[:Category:Battle of Bunker Hill|Battle of Bunker Hill]] ::[[:Category: Siege of Fort St. Jean|Siege of Fort St. Jean]]; 17 September - 3 November 1775. ::[[:Category: Battle of Quebec (1775)|Battle of Quebec]]; 31 December 1775. ::[[:Category:Snow Campaign|Snow Campaign]] :'''1776''' ::[[:Category:Battle of the Cedars|Battle of the Cedars]] ::[[:Category:Battle of Long Island|Battle of Long Island]] ::[[:Category:Battle of Harlem Heights|Battle of Harlem Heights]] '''''example''''' ::[[:Category:Battle of White Plains|Battle of White Plains]] ::[[:Category:Battle of Trenton|Battle of Trenton]] :'''1777''' ::[[:Category:Battle of Assunpink Creek|Battle of Assunpink Creek]] - the Second Battle of Trenton ::[[:Category:Battle of Princeton|Battle of Princeton]] ::[[:Category:Battle of Oriskany|Battle of Oriskany]] ::[[:Category:Battle of Bennington|Battle of Bennington]] ::[[:Category:Battle of Brandywine Creek|Battle of Brandywine Creek]] ::[[:Category:Battle of Paoli|Battle of Paoli]] ::[[:Category:Battle of Ridgefield|Battle of Ridgefield]] ::[[:Category:Battle of Saratoga|Battle of Saratoga]] ::[[:Category:Capture of Philadelphia|Capture of Philadelphia]] ::[[:Category:Battle of Matson's Ford|Battle of Matson's Ford]] ::[[:Category:Battle of Germantown|Battle of Germantown]] :'''1778''' ::[[:Category:Battle of Monmouth|Battle of Monmouth]] ::[[:Category:Capture of Savannah|Capture of Savannah]] :'''1779''' ::[[:Category:Battle of Baton Rouge|Battle of Baton Rouge]] ::[[:Category:Battle of Kettle Creek|Battle of Kettle Creek]] ::[[:Category:Battle of Vincennes|Battle of Vincennes]] ::[[:Category: Battle of Stono Ferry|Battle of Stono Ferry]] ::[[:Category:Penobscot Expedition|Penobscot Expedition]] :'''1780''' ::[[:Category:Siege of Charleston|Siege of Charleston]] ::[[:Category:Battle of Camden|Battle of Camden]] ::[[:Category: Battle of Kings Mountain|Battle of Kings Mountain]] ::[[:Category: Battle of Ramsour's Mill|Battle of Ramsour's Mill]] :'''1781''' ::[[:Category:Battle of Cowpens|Battle of Cowpens]] ::[[:Category:Battle of Guilford Court House|Battle of Guilford Court House]] ::[[:Category:Siege of Ninety Six|Siege of Ninety Six]] ::[[:Category: Battle of Eutaw Springs|Battle of Eutaw Springs]] ::[[:Category:Siege of Augusta|Siege of Augusta]] ::[[:Category:Siege of Yorktown|Siege of Yorktown]] ::[[:Category:Battle of Groton Heights|Battle of Groton Heights]] :[[:Category: Admirals, American Revolution | Admirals]] '''Frontier warfare during the American Revolution''' :[[:Category:Frontier Warfare During the American Revolution|Frontier Warfare]] ::[[:Category: Chickamauga Wars|Chickamauga Wars]] (1776-1794) ::[[:Category:Battle of Oriskany|Battle of Oriskany]] (1777) ::[[:Category:Wyoming Valley Massacre|Wyoming Valley Massacre]] (1778) ::[[:Category:Battle at Cobleskill|Battle at Cobleskill]](1778) ::[[:Category:Cherry Valley Massacre|Cherry Valley Massacre]] (1778) ::[[:Category: Big Runaway, American Revolution |Big Runaway]] (1778) ::[[:Category:Sullivan Expedition|Sullivan Expedition]] (1779) ::[[:Category:Battle of Blue Licks|Battle of Blue Licks]] (1782) ::[[:Category: Siege of Fort Henry (1782)|Siege of Fort Henry (1782)]] (1782)

[[Category:Battle of Brandywine Creek]] ==Battle of Brandywine Creek == The Battle of Brandywine, also known as the Battle of Brandywine Creek, was fought between the American army of Major General George Washington and the British army of General Sir William Howe on September 11, 1777. The British defeated the Americans and forced them to withdraw toward the rebel capital of Philadelphia. The engagement occurred near Chadds Ford, Pennsylvania during Howe's campaign to take Philadelphia, part of the American Revolutionary War. Howe's army sailed from New York City and landed near Elkton, Maryland in northern Chesapeake Bay. Marching north, the British army brushed aside American light forces in a few skirmishes. Washington offered battle with his army posted behind Brandywine Creek. While part of his army demonstrated in front of Chadds Ford, Howe took the bulk of his troops on a long march that crossed the Brandywine beyond Washington's right flank. Due to poor scouting, the Americans did not detect Howe's column until it reached a position in rear of their right flank. Belatedly, three divisions were shifted to block the British flanking force near a Quaker meeting house. After a stiff fight, Howe's wing broke through the newly-formed American right wing which was deployed on several hills. At this point Lieutenant General Wilhelm von Knyphausen attacked Chadds Ford and crumpled the American left wing. As Washington's army streamed away in retreat, he brought up elements of Nathanael Greene's division which held off Howe's column long enough for his army to escape to the northeast. The defeat and subsequent maneuvers left Philadelphia vulnerable. The British captured the city on September 26, beginning an occupation that would last until June 1778. ([http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Brandywine 1]) == Battle of Brandywine == :Part of: the American Revolutionary War :Date: September 11, 1777 :Location: Near Chadds Ford, present-day West Chester, Pennsylvania :Result: British victory :Belligerents: United States, Great Britain, Hesse Hesse-Kassel === United States === :Commanders and leaders: ::George Washington ::Nathanael Greene ::Francis Nash ::Peter Muhlenberg ::Anthony Wayne :Strength: 14,600 :Casualties and losses: Total: 1300, 300 killed, 600 wounded, 400 captured === Great Britain, Hesse Hesse-Kassel === :Commanders and leaders: ::William Howe ::Charles Cornwallis ::Wilhelm von Knyphausen ::James AgnewW ::William Medows :Strength: 15,500 :Casualties and losses: Total: 587, 93 killed, 488 wounded, 6 missing === Images === * [http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/b/bf/PyleNationmakersPre1911.jpg Nation Makers] depicts a scene from the battle, by Howard Pyle, a summer resident of Chadds Ford. The painting is displayed in the Brandywine River Museum. * [http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ef/PhiladelCampaignHessianMap.jpg Hessian map] of the Philadelphia campaign. == Resources == *"The Battle of Brandywine" by Samuel S. Smith, printed by Philip Freneau Press, Monmouth Beach, NJ 1976. In this book there were listed the American Forces at Brandywine, General George Washington, Commander in chief. Transcribed by Carolyn M. Getting, http://archiver.rootsweb.ancestry.com/th/read/AMERICAN-REVOLUTION/1998-08/0903899071

[[Category:Battle of Fort Cumberland]] "The Battle of Fort Cumberland (also known as the Eddy Rebellion) was an attempt by a small number of militia commanded by Jonathan Eddy to bring the American Revolutionary War to Nova Scotia in late 1776.[[Wikipedia:Battle_of_Fort_Cumberland]] Not to be confused with the [[:Category:Battle_of_Fort_Beausejour|Battle of Fort Beausejour]] which occurred at the same location in 1755. {{Image|file=DeLesDernier-126.jpg |align=l |size=500px }} {{Clear}} The following is a list of refugees from the battle. many went to Eddington Maine. John Allan, Elijah Ayer, Odidiah Ayer, Anthony Burke, Simeon Chester, Parker Clarke, Edward Cole?, Daniel Earl, John Eckley, Jonathon Eddy, Atwood Fales, Ebenezer Gardner, William How, William Maxwell, Nathaniel Reynolds, Zebulon Roe, Josiah Throop They Planted Well, Ed. Margaret Conrad, pg 40 '''See''': *https://journals.lib.unb.ca/static_content/ACAD/acadpress/theyplantedwell/042-060Clarke.pdf *http://www.blupete.com/Hist/NovaScotiaBk2/Part2/Ch12.htm For more detailed coverage of this balle read the book "The Siege of Fort Cumberland 1776" by Ernst Clarke. There is an appendix with most of the participants (over 400) on both sides. ===Sources===

[[Category:Battle of Fort Washington]] '''Battle of Fort Washington''' The Battle of Fort Washington was fought in New York on November 16, 1776 during the American Revolutionary War between the United States and Great Britain. It was a decisive British victory that gained the surrender of the entire garrison of Fort Washington. After defeating the Continental Army under Commander-in-Chief General George Washington at the Battle of White Plains, the British Army forces under the command of Lieutenant General William Howe planned to capture Fort Washington, the last American stronghold on Manhattan. General Washington issued a discretionary order to General Nathanael Greene to abandon the fort and remove its garrison of 3,000 men to New Jersey. Colonel Robert Magaw, commanding the fort, declined to abandon it as he believed it could be defended from the British. Howe's forces attacked the fort before Washington reached it to assess the situation. Howe launched his attack on November 16. He led an assault from three sides: the north, east and south. Tides in the Harlem River prevented some troops from landing and delayed attack. When the British moved against the defenses, the southern and western American defenses fell quickly. Patriot forces on the north side offered stiff resistance to the Hessian attack, but they too were eventually overwhelmed. With the fort surrounded by land and sea, Colonel Magaw chose to surrender. A total of 59 Americans were killed and 2,837 were taken as prisoners of war. After this defeat, most of Washington's army was chased across New Jersey and into Pennsylvania, and the British consolidated their control of New York and eastern New Jersey. ([http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Fort_Washington 1]) '''Battle of New York''' Part of the American Revolutionary War :Date: November 16, 1776 :Location: Washington Heights, Manhattan, New York :Result: Decisive British victory :Belligerents: United States, Great Britain, Hesse Hesse-Kassel '''Commanders and leaders''' '''United States''' :George Washington :Robert Magaw :Nathanael Greene :Strength: 3,000 :Casualties and losses: 59 killed, 96 wounded, 2,837 captured '''Kingdom of Great Britain''' :William Howe :Hugh Percy '''Hesse''' :Wilhelm von Knyphausen :Strength: 8,000 :Casualties and losses: 84 killed, 374 wounded '''Images''' * [http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/8c/1Fort_washington.jpg Etching of the battle] * [http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/46/Forcing_a_Passage_of_the_Hudson.jpg British warships trying to pass between Forts Washington and Lee] * [http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/64/BattleOfFortWashingtonMapBySauthier.jpg Battle map] ‎(2,528 × 4,595 pixels) ----

[[Category:Battle of Germantown]] ==Battle of Germantown== : Battle during Philadelphia campaign : Date: October 4, 1777, : Location: Germantown, PA : Belligerents: British (Sir William Howe) v. American army (Gen. Washington) : Victor: British ===About=== British victory ensured the American capital of Philadelphia would stay in British control during the winter of 1777–1778. Now part of the city of Philadelphia, Germantown was an outlying community in 1777. After defeating the Continental Army at the Battle of Brandywine on September 11 and the Battle of Paoli on September 20, Howe outmaneuvered Washington and seized Philadelphia. He then split his army, keeping the bulk of it near Germantown while occupying Philadelphia with over 3,000 troops. Discovering the opponent's division, Washington was determined to attack. The American plan called for four columns to converge on the British position at Germantown. The right and left flank columns were composed of 3,000 militia, while John Sullivan's center-right column, Nathanael Greene's center-left column, and William Alexander, Lord Stirling's reserve were made up of American continentals (regulars). Howe spread out his light infantry and the 40th Foot as pickets. In the main camp, Wilhelm von Knyphausen led the British left wing while Howe personally commanded the right wing. Heavy morning fog caused confusion. After a sharp fight, Sullivan's right-center column routed the British light infantry opposed to him. About 100 men of the 40th Foot took refuge in the Chew mansion covered under fog. When the American reserve appeared before the Chew house, Washington made the erroneous decision to launch attacks on the position, all of which failed with serious losses. Penetrating a few hundred yards beyond the Chew mansion, the men of Sullivan's wing became demoralized when they ran low on ammunition and heard cannon fire behind them. As they pulled back, Anthony Wayne's division collided with part of Greene's late-arriving wing in the fog and, after firing on each other in the gloom, both units retreated. Meanwhile, Greene's left-center column pressed back the British right flank. With Sullivan's column out of the fight, units of the British left wing joined the fight against Greene and defeated his column also. The two militia columns succeeded in diverting the attention of the British flanking units, but made no progress before they withdrew. Despite the defeat, the Americans were encouraged by their initial successes. France, impressed by the American victory at Saratoga and the attack at Germantown, decided to lend more assistance to the rebellion. Having repelled the American attack, Howe turned his attention to clearing the Delaware River of obstacles at Red Bank and Fort Mifflin. After an unsuccessful attempt to draw Washington into battle at White Marsh and Edge Hill, Howe withdrew into Philadelphia while the American army wintered at Valley Forge. ([http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Germantown 1]) ===Images=== * American troops lay siege to the Chew house during the [http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/15/Germantown.jpg Battle of Germantown]. * 1877 Spencer Bonsall map of [http://www.phillyh2o.org/backpages/Maps/20040210083_BattleofGermantown.jpg Battle of Germantown].

[[Category:Battle of Green Spring]] '''Battle of Green Spring''' The Battle of Green Spring took place near Green Spring Plantation in James City County, Virginia during the American Revolutionary War. On July 6, 1781 United States Brigadier General "Mad" Anthony Wayne, leading the advance forces of the Marquis de Lafayette, was ambushed near the plantation by the British army of Earl Charles Cornwallis in the last major land battle of the Virginia campaign prior to the Siege of Yorktown. Following a month of marching and countermarching in central Virginia by Cornwallis and Lafayette, Cornwallis in late June moved to Williamsburg, where he received orders to move to Portsmouth and send some of his army to New York City. Lafayette followed Cornwallis fairly closely, emboldened by the arrival of reinforcements to consider making attacks on the British force. On July 4, Cornwallis departed Williamsburg for Jamestown, planning to cross the James River en route to Portsmouth. Lafayette believed he could stage an attack on Cornwallis's rear guard during the crossing. Cornwallis anticipated Lafayette's idea, and laid an elaborate trap. General Wayne's forces were very nearly caught in the trap, and only a bold bayonet charge against the numerically overwhelming British enabled his forces to retreat. Cornwallis did not follow the victory with pursuit, instead following his plan to cross the river. The action reinforced the perception among contemporaries that justified the moniker "Mad" to describe Wayne, although opinion on the merits of his actions was divided. The battlefield has been partially preserved, and reenactments are sometimes staged. ([http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Green_Spring 1]) '''Battle of Green Spring''' :Part of: the American Revolutionary War :Date: July 6, 1781 :Location: James City County, Virginia :Result: British victory :Belligerents: United States, Great Britain '''United States''' :Commanders and leaders: ::Marquis de Lafayette - [http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f5/Opie_La_Fayette_1788.jpg portrait] by John Opie ::Anthony Wayne - [http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Anthony_Wayne.jpg/468px-Anthony_Wayne.jpg 18th-century engraving] :Strength: 800-900 :Casualties and losses: 28 killed, 122 wounded '''Great Britain''' :Commanders and leaders: ::Charles Cornwallis - [http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/8c/Lord_Cornwallis.jpg painting] by Thomas Gainsborough ::Banastre Tarleton :Strength: about 7,000 :Casualties and losses: 75 killed and wounded '''Images''' * [http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Left-Bank-James-River-Rochambeau-map.jpg/1056px-Left-Bank-James-River-Rochambeau-map.jpg A French map depicting the battle]. * [http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Virginia1781_SpencersAndGreenSpring.jpg/752px-Virginia1781_SpencersAndGreenSpring.jpg Detail from a 1781 French map] prepared for Lafayette depicting the Williamsburg/Jamestown area and the movements of Lafayette and Cornwallis. The Green Spring conflict is labelled "le 6 Juillet". ----

[[Category:Col William Ledyard's Co at Fort Griswold, Connecticut Militia, American Revolution]] [[Category:Battle of Groton Heights]] '''Battle of Groton Heights''' The Battle of Groton Heights, (also known as the Battle of Fort Griswold or the Fort Griswold massacre), was fought September 6, 1781. The leaders of the small Connecticut militia were Lt. Col. William Ledyard and Major William Montgomery. Brigadier General Benedict Arnold and Lieutenant Colonel Edmund Eyre led the British forces. The British planned to arrive at night by ship, sailing up the Thames to New London, on the northern shore of Long Island Sound, however the winds were unfavorable, and they didn't arrive until the dawn. There were two forts in the area: Fort Trumbull, on the New London side, and Fort Griswold, on the Groton side. Fort Trumbull had not been completed and was open on one side. Fort Griswold was finished, made of stone and with earthen defenses, however Fort Griswold did not have enough guns, ammunition, etc., to carry on an effective battle. When the ships were spotted, Fort Griswold fired her guns twice, to signal that the enemy approached. Unfortunately, the British knew the signal, and one of the British ships fired a third shot. Three shots meant that a victorious friend approached, and this deception delayed the manning of the forts by the militias. Benedict Arnold lead about 800 British soldiers who approached Fort Trumbull. It was very lightly manned, and following orders, the men abandoned the fort after firing only one cannon. The British took the fort and proceeded to burn the now undefended town of New London. The British soldiers destroyed goods and stores, but, due to the storage of large amounts of gunpowder, they started a fire that couldn't be controlled, and over 140 buildings were burned. Another 800 British soldiers, commanded by Lt. Col. Eyre, had landed on the other side of the Thames, but they were delayed by vegetation and topography. An officer was sent to demand that Fort Griswold be surrendered, threatening that no prisoners would be taken if the American's did not comply. Col. Ledyard refused, stating that he would defend the fort to the last extremity. When the battle began, there were about 150 defenders at Fort Griswold. The British attacked from two sides. The initial assault was repulsed, but the British attacked again and Col. Eyre and some of his officers were wounded. Maj. Montgomery was killed by a bayonet. The British were able to get into Fort Griswold and open the gate from the inside, at which point the British poured in. After the surrender, the British continued to attack and killed every soldier they could. When Col. Ledyard surrendered his sword to a British officer, the officer killed Ledyard, using Ledyard's own sword. The only thing that stopped further attack was fear that the powder magazine would explode. The British attempted to blow up Fort Griswold after the battle, but a militiaman extinguished the fuse and saved the fort. Fort Griswold is now a Connecticut state park. At least 85 Americans were killed, 39 were wounded, and 30 were taken prisoner (most of whom died aboard prison ships.) Forty-eight British soldiers were killed and 145 were wounded. You can find a list of those killed, wounded and taken prisoner at the bottom of this [http://www.battleofgrotonheights.com/Battle_of_Groton_Heights.html PAGE]. For further information about The Battle of Groton Heights and Fort Griswold, see: *[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Groton_Heights Wikipedia] *[https://battleofgrotonheights.com/battle-of-groton-heights Battle of Groton Heights] *[http://www.ct.gov/deep/lib/deep/stateparks/general_info/the_battle_of_groton_heights_and_the_burning_of_new_london.pdf The Battle and the Burning of New London] *[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Military_career_of_Benedict_Arnold,_1781 Military Career of Benedict Arnold] There are also links to YouTube videos of a reenactment of the burning of New London and the attack on Fort Griswold [http://www.battleofgrotonheights.com/ HERE]. ----

[[Category: Battle of Guilford Court House]] '''Battle of Guilford Court House''' The Battle of Guilford Court House was a battle fought on March 15, 1781 in [[:Category:Greensboro, North Carolina|Greensboro]], the county seat of [[:Category:Guilford County, North Carolina|Guilford County, North Carolina]], during the American Revolutionary War. A force of 1,900 British troops under the command of Lieutenant General Charles Cornwallis defeated an American force of 4,000 troops, commanded by [[Greene-872|Major General Nathanael Greene]]. Despite the relatively small numbers of troops involved, the battle is considered pivotal to the American victory in the Revolution. Before the battle, the British appeared to have had great success in conquering much of Georgia and South Carolina with the aid of strong Loyalist factions, and thought that North Carolina might be within their grasp. In the wake of the battle, Greene moved into South Carolina, while Cornwallis chose to march into Virginia and attempt to link up with roughly 3500 men under British Major General Phillips and American turncoat Benedict Arnold. These decisions allowed Greene to unravel British control of the South, while leading Cornwallis to Yorktown and eventual surrender to Major General George Washington and Lieutenant General Comte de Rochambeau. ([http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Guilford_Court_House 1]) '''Images''' * Maj. Gen. Nathanael Greene observed as the veteran 1st Maryland Regiment threw back a British attack and countered with a bayonet charge. As they reformed their line, William Washington's Light Dragoons raced by to rescue raw troops of the 5th Maryland Regiment who had buckled under a furious assault of British Grenadiers and Guards. [http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/0e/Battle_of_Guiliford_Courthouse_15_March_1781.jpg Battle of Guilford Courthouse, 15 March 1781] * 1893 Map of the battlefield, Guilford Courthouse Battleground Company. [http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/1a/Map_Battle_of_Guilford_Court_House.png Map] * Letter from George Washington to Comte of Rochambeau (31 March 1781), in which Washington reports he is hearing first reports from the Battle of Guilford Court House. [http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/46/George_Washington_Comte_de_Rochambeau_1781.jpg Letter]

[[Category:Battle of Harlem Heights]] ==Battle of Harlem Heights== {{Image|file=ABGE-66.jpg |align=r |size=250 |caption=Battle of Harlem Heights }} :Part of: the [[:Category:American Revolution|American Revolutionary War]] :Date: September 16, 1776 :Location: Morningside Heights, Manhattan, New York :Result: American victory :Belligerents: United States, Great Britain ==About== Fought during the New York and New Jersey campaign of the Revolution, action took place in what is now the Morningside Heights and west Harlem neighborhoods of Manhattan. The Continental Army, under Gen. Washington, Maj. Gen. Nathanael Greene, and Maj. Gen. Israel Putnam, totaling around 1,800 men, held a series of high ground positions in upper Manhattan against an attacking British division of about 5,000 under Maj. Gen.l Alexander Leslie. While in pursuit, British troops made a tactical error by having light infantry buglers sound a fox hunting call, "gone away." It was meant to insult Washington, a keen fox hunter who learned the sport from Lord Fairfax during the French and Indian War ... since "Gone away" means a fox is in full flight from hounds on its trail. The Continentals, in orderly retreat, were infuriated and galvanized to hold ground. After flanking British attackers, Americans slowly pushed the British back. Washington's troops end the pursuit after British withdrawal, and the battle helps restore Continental Army morale after several defeats. It was also Washington's first battlefield victory of the war. After a month without any major fighting between the armies, Washington was forced to withdraw his army to White Plains when the British moved into Westchester County and threatened to trap Washington in Manhattan. Washington suffered two more defeats, at White Plains and Fort Washington. After these two defeats, Washington and the army retreated across New Jersey to Pennsylvania. The New York and New Jersey campaign ended after the American victories at Trenton and Princeton. ([http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Harlem_Heights 1]) ==='''United States'''=== :Commanders and leaders: ::George Washington ::Thomas Knowlton † ::Nathanael Greene :Strength: 1,800 :Casualties and losses: 30 killed, 100 wounded ==='''Great Britain'''=== :Commanders and leaders: ::Alexander Leslie ::William Howe :Strength: 5,000 :Casualties and losses: 92-390 killed and wounded ==='''Images'''=== * [http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/b/b2/Battle_of_Harlem_Heights.Dean.USMA.edu.history.gif The Battle of Harlem Heights], September 16, 1776 ==='''Books'''=== * The battle of Harlem Heights, September 16, 1776: with a review of the events of the campaign, Henry Phelps Johnston, Pub. for the Columbia University Press, The Macmillan Co., 1897 - 234 pages. [http://books.google.com/books?id=MTdCAAAAIAAJ&dq=battle+of+harlem+heights+johnston&printsec=frontcover GoogleBook].

[[Category: Battle of Long Island]] ==Battle of Long Island== : Alias: Battle of Brooklyn or the Battle of Brooklyn Heights : Date: August 27, 1776 : Location: Kings County, Long Island, New York : Victor: British This is the first major battle in the American Revolutionary War following the Declaration of Independence. It's also the largest battle of the entire conflict, and the first battle in which an army of the United States engaged, having declared itself a nation only the month before. After defeating the British in the Siege of Boston on March 17, 1776, Gen. Washington brought the Continental Army to defend the strategic port city of New York, then limited to the southern end of Manhattan Island. Washington knew the city's harbor would be an excellent base for the British Navy during the campaign. So he established defenses and waited for a British attack. July 1776: Under Gen. William Howe, the British land a few miles across the harbor on Staten Island. Over the next month and a half, ships slowly reinforced them at Lower New York Bay, bringing their total force to 32,000 men. With the British fleet in control of the entrance to the harbor, Washington knew the difficulty in holding the city. Believing Manhattan would be the first target, he moved the bulk of his forces there. 22 Aug 1776: British land on the southwest shore of Long Island, across The Narrows from Staten Island -- over 12 miles south of East River crossings to Manhattan. After five days of waiting, the British attack American defenses on Guan Heights. But unknown to Americans, Howe brings his main army around the rear and attacks their flank soon after. The Americans panicked, but a stand by 400 Maryland troops prevent most of the army from capture. The remainder flee to the main defenses on Brooklyn Heights. The British dug in for a siege but on the night of August 29–30, Washington evacuates the entire army to Manhattan without loss of materiel and life. Washington and the Continental Army are completely driven out of New York after several more defeats and retreat through New Jersey and into Pennsylvania. ([http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Long_Island 1]) ===United States Commanders and leaders=== :George Washington :[[Putnam-40|Israel Putnam]], [http://www.wikitree.com/photo.php/c/c3/Putnam-587-1.jpg image] :William Alexander :Thomas Mifflin :Henry Knox :John Sullivan :Strength 10,000 :Casualties and losses 300 killed, ~700 wounded, 1,000 captured ===Kingdom of Great Britain Commanders and leaders=== :William Howe :Charles Cornwallis :Henry Clinton :William Erskine :James Grant :Charles Mawhood :Strength 32,000 :Casualties and losses 64 killed, 293 wounded, 31 missing ===Images=== * American strategy called for the first line of defense to be based on the Heights of Guan - a series of hills which stretched northeast across King's County. The main defensive works - a series of forts and entrenchments - were located in the northwest of the county in and around the Dutch town of Brookland. The Road to Narrows is the Gowanus Road. No.5 is the Old Stone House. [http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/3d/BrooklynMap1766.jpg Map by Bernard Ratzer] based on his 1766-1767 survey. * [http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/9c/Battle_of_Brooklyn.gif British military map] from 1776 showing the marching routes and battle sites during the Battle of Long Island. * The Delaware Regiment at the [http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b3/BattleofLongisland.jpg Battle of Long Island]. * [http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/1f/Battleoflongisland.jpg Battle of Long Island], 1858 Alonzo Chappel. Gunpowder smoke from cannon and muskets marks where Stirling and the Maryland troops attack the British, while in the foreground the rest of the American troops escape across Brouwer's mill pond. Building pictured is the mill. * U.S. Army - [http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b9/U.S._Army_-_Artillery_Retreat_from_Long_Island_1776.jpg Artillery Retreat from Long Island 1776] (1899).

[[Category:Battle of Monmouth]] ==Battle of Monmouth== : Date: June 28, 1778 : Location: Monmouth County, New Jersey. ===About=== {{Image|file=Green-28831.jpg |align=l |size=m |caption=''Washington Rallying the Troops at Monmouth'' }} The Continental Army under Gen. Washington attacked the rear of the British Army column commanded by Lieutenant General Sir Henry Clinton as they left Monmouth Court House (modern Freehold Borough). It is sometimes known as the Battle of Monmouth Courthouse. Unsteady handling of lead Continental elements by Major General Charles Lee had allowed British rearguard commander Lieutenant General Charles Cornwallis to seize the initiative but Washington's timely arrival on the battlefield rallied the Americans along a hilltop hedgerow. Sensing the opportunity to smash the Continentals, Cornwallis pressed his attack and captured the hedgerow in stifling heat. Washington consolidated his troops in a new line on heights behind marshy ground, used his artillery to fix the British in their positions, then brought up a four gun battery under Major General Nathanael Greene on nearby Combs Hill to enfilade the British line, requiring Cornwallis to withdraw. Finally, Washington tried to hit the exhausted British rear guard on both flanks, but darkness forced the end of the engagement. Both armies held the field, but the British commanding General Clinton withdrew undetected at midnight to resume his army's march to New York City. While Cornwallis protected the main British column from any further American attack, Washington had fought his opponent to a standstill after a pitched and prolonged engagement; the first time that Washington's army had achieved such a result. The battle demonstrated the growing effectiveness of the Continental Army after its six month encampment at Valley Forge, where constant drilling under officers such as Major General Friedrich Wilhelm von Steuben and Major General Gilbert du Motier, Marquis de Lafayette greatly improved army discipline and morale. The battle improved the military reputations of Washington, Lafayette and Anthony Wayne but ended the career of Charles Lee, who would face court martial at Englishtown for his failures on the day. According to some accounts, an American soldier's wife, [[Ludwig-979|Mary Hays]], brought water to thirsty soldiers in the June heat, and became one of several women associated with the legend of Molly Pitcher. ([http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Monmouth 1]) ===Images=== * [http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/9f/BattleofMonmouth.jpg Washington Rallying the Troops at Monmouth], by Emanuel Gottlieb Leutze. * [http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/6a/Monmouth-map.jpg Map of the battle of Monmouth] * [http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Molly_Pitcher_engraving.jpg The legend of Molly Pitcher] is closely associated with the battle. ----

[[Category:Battle of Moore's Creek Bridge]] For profiles, see [[:Category:Battle of Moore's Creek Bridge|the category]] '''Battle of Moore's Creek Bridge''' The Battle of Moore's Creek Bridge was a battle of the American Revolutionary War fought near Wilmington, North Carolina on February 27, 1776. The victory of North Carolina Patriots over Southern Loyalists helped build political support for the revolution and increased recruitment of additional soldiers into their forces. Loyalist recruitment efforts in the interior of North Carolina began in earnest with news of the Battles of Lexington and Concord, and Patriots in the province also began organizing Continental Army and militia units. When word arrived in January 1776 of a planned British Army expedition to the area, Josiah Martin, the royal governor, ordered the Loyalist militia to muster in anticipation of their arrival. Patriot militia and Continental units mobilized to prevent the junction, blockading several routes until the poorly-armed Loyalists were forced to confront them at Moore's Creek Bridge, about 18 miles (29 km) north of Wilmington. In a brief early-morning engagement, a charge across the bridge by sword-wielding Loyalist Scotsmen was met by a barrage of musket fire. One Loyalist leader was killed, another captured, and the whole force was scattered. In the following days, many Loyalists were arrested, putting a damper on further recruiting efforts. North Carolina was not militarily threatened again until 1780, and memories of the battle and its aftermath negated efforts by Charles Cornwallis to recruit Loyalists in the area in 1781. ([http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Moore%27s_Creek_Bridge 1]) '''Battle of Moore's Creek Bridge''' :Part of: the American Revolutionary War :Date: February 27, 1776 :Location: near Wilmington, North Carolina :Result: Patriot victory :Belligerents: United States North Carolina Patriots, British Loyalists '''United States North Carolina Patriots''' :Commanders and leaders: ::James Moore ::Richard Caswell ::Alexander Lillington :Strength: 1,050 militia :Casualties and losses: 1 killed, 1 wounded '''British Loyalists''' :Commanders and leaders: ::Donald MacDonald (POW) ::Donald McLeod † ::John Campbell † :Strength: Start of march: 1,400–1,600, Battle: 700–800 :Casualties and losses: ::30–50 killed or wounded ::850 Loyalists were captured by Patriot forces after the battle and over the next few days. For more information see also: *The Battle of Moore's Creek Bridge by J.D. Lewis at [http://www.carolana.com/NC/Revolution/revolution_battle_of_moores_creek.html Carolana.com] *Battle of Moores Creek Bridge, by Josh Howard at [http://ncpedia.org/history/usrevolution/moores-creek-bridge NCpedia.org]

[[Category: Battle of Ramsour's Mill]] {{Image |file=Battle_of_Ramsour_s_Mill_1780-3.jpg |align=c |size=600 |caption=Replica of Christian Reinhardt's cabin near Ramsour's Mill }} '''The Battle of Ramsour's Mill''' was a "warm and obstinate fight" ([[Rutherford-1717|Griffith Rutherford]]) (See Smith, Austin William. “[http://arizona.openrepository.com/arizona/handle/10150/146677 Neighborhood in Constant Alarm’: The Battle of Ramsour’s Mill and Partisan Divisions in the Carolina Backcountry Communities During the American Revolution]”) between local Whigs and Tories in the North Carolina backcountry during the British campaign to gain control of the southern colonies in the American Revolutionary War. It did not involve any regular army forces on either side and was literally fought between family, friends, and neighbors with muskets sometimes being used as clubs because of a lack of ammunition. Several cases of [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fratricide fratricide] are believed to have occurred during the battle, as well as a documented instance of friends and combatants on both sides showing mercy to their opponents (see Wikipedia, "[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Ramsour%27s_Mill Battle of Ramsour's Mill]"). General [[Graham-1752|Joseph Graham]] provided the oldest and most reliable account of the actual battle based on his interviews of surviving participants. (See [[Graham-8073|Graham, Major William A.]], [https://www.amazon.com/gp/product/B001CL5F1K/ref=oh_aui_detailpage_o00_s00?ie=UTF8&psc=1 General Joseph Graham And His Papers On North Carolina Revolutionary History]. Edwards & Broughton, Raleigh (1904).) In the end the larger Tory force was routed (or captured) and the Loyalists were demoralized, effectively disrupting Tory support for the British war effort in the region by robbing Cornwallis of badly needed Loyalist assistance and providing the impetus and inspiration for the crucial Whig victory that followed less than 30 miles away at the [[:Category: Battle of Kings Mountain|Battle of Kings Mountain]] (7 Oct. 1780).(See Powell, William S. (Editor), "[https://www.ncpedia.org/ramsours-mill-battle Battle of Ramsour's Mill]," Encyclopedia of North Carolina, University of North Carolina Press (2006).) This two hour battle in the "uncivil war" (see Hoffman, Ronald and Thad W. Tate, Peter J. Albert (Editors), [https://smile.amazon.com/Uncivil-War-Backcountry-Revolution-Perspectives/dp/081391051X/ref=smi_www_rco2_go_smi_g5171374337?_encoding=UTF8&%2AVersion%2A=1&%2Aentries%2A=0&ie=UTF8 An Uncivil War: The Southern Backcountry During the American Revolution] (1985)) of the Southern Backcountry took place at dawn on June 20, 1780 at the farm of [[Reinhardt-230|Christian Reinhardt]], on the other side of [https://youtu.be/42p_3DclwEc Clark's creek] from a gristmill operated by [[Ramsour-18|Jacob Ramsour]] - a son of [[Rahmsauer-1|Johan Dietrich Rahmsauer]] (Derrick Ramsour). Today, the [https://docsouth.unc.edu/commland/monument/594/ historical site in Lincolnton, North Carolina] contains three modern public schools, athletic fields, playgrounds, streets, and parking lots. Dotted among them are four known [https://www.wikitree.com/photo/jpg/Battle_of_Ramsour_s_Mill_1780-1 burial sites], several memorials and markers, and a [https://www.wikitree.com/photo/jpg/Battle_of_Ramsour_s_Mill_1780-3 replica of Reinhardt's cabin]. See Lincoln County Historical Association, [http://www.lincolncountyhistory.com/projects/ramsour/ramsour.html LCHA Projects: The Ramsour's Mill Battleground]. An archeological study of the site in 2008 failed to identify any 18th century artifacts. See May, J. Alan. "[http://www.ncssar.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/06/Ramsours-Mill-Report.pdf Archeological Remote Sensing and Data Recovery at Ramsour's Mill Mass Grave Monument, 31LN209, Lincolnton, Lincoln County, North Carolina], Lincoln County Historical Association (2008). An annual celebration (with re-enactments) (see Lackey, Mark. "[https://www.morganton.com/news/remembering-the-battle-of-ramsour-s-mill/article_367ce10a-4ba0-11e7-b005-27813a5171d5.html Remembering the Battle of Ramsour's Mill]," The News Herald (2017)) and a play (see Bernard, Michele T. "[https://www.lincolntimesnews.com/arts_and_entertainment/thunder-over-carolina-showing-at-lincoln-cultural-center/article_1b6be7f2-6ce3-11e8-bc5a-e734139983bc.html 'Thunder Over Carolina' showing at Lincoln Cultural Center]," Lincoln Times News (2018)) commemorate the event. '''See also:''' * Freeze, Gary. [https://www.amazon.com/Catawbans-Crafters-Carolina-County-1747-1900/dp/B001ED35HW/ref=sr_1_1?ie=UTF8&qid=1491875047&sr=8-1&keywords=the+catawbans The Catawbans: Crafters of a North Carolina County, 1747–1900]. Catawba County Historical Association; First Edition (1995). * Hunter, C.L. [http://www.archive.org/stream/sketchesofwester12953gut/12953-8.txt Sketches of Western North Carolina, Historical and Biographical]. The Raleigh News Steam Job Print (1877). * Moore, John Wheeler. [https://books.google.com/books?id=sDQtAAAAYAAJ&dq=Ramsour%27s+Mill+1780&source=gbs_navlinks_s History of North Carolina: from the earliest discoveries to the present time, Volume 1]. Alfred Williams (1880). * Preslar, Charles J., Jr. [https://www.amazon.com/History-Catawba-County-Charles-Preslar/dp/B000BO1FOU/ref=sr_1_1?s=books&ie=UTF8&qid=1491875180&sr=1-1&keywords=A+History+of+Catawba+County A History of Catawba County]. Catawba County Historical Association (1954). * Reinhardt, Wallace M. “[https://archive.org/stream/EyeWitness_201604/EyeWitness_djvu.txt Eye Witness Account of the Battle of Ramsour’s Mill]” (circa 1835). * [[Schenck-197|Schenck, David]]. [https://play.google.com/store/books/details?id=zSpCAAAAIAAJ&rdid=book-zSpCAAAAIAAJ&rdot=1 North Carolina, 1780-’81: Being a History of the Invasion of the Carolinas by the British Army Under Lord Cornwallis in 1780-’81]. Edwards & Broughton (1889). * Sherrill, William L. “[https://archive.org/stream/sherillshistoryo00sher/sherillshistoryo00sher_djvu.txt Sherrill’s History of Lincoln County]” The Lincoln Times (1937). * J. H. Shuford, "[https://www.newspapers.com/clip/26511349/j_h_shuford_derrick_ramsour/ Derrick Ramsour, Pioneer]," Hickory Democrat (1909). * Yoder, George M. “[http://www.catawbacountync.gov/library/gen/Yoder--Condensed%20History%20of%20Cat%20Co.htm A Condensed History of the Early Settlers of Catawba Valley]” (before 1899).

[[Category:Battle of Rhode Island]] : Alias: Battle of Quaker Hill; Siege of Newport : Date: August 29, 1778. : Location: Aquidneck Island, Rhode Island : Result: Tactically indecisive, British strategic victory : Belligerents: America, France, Great Britain Continental Army and militia forces under the command of General John Sullivan were withdrawing to the northern part of Aquidneck Island after abandoning their siege of Newport, Rhode Island, when the British forces in Newport sortied, supported by recently arrived Royal Navy ships, and attacked the retreating Americans. The battle ended inconclusively, but the Continental forces afterward withdrew to the mainland, leaving Aquidneck Island in British hands. The battle took place in the aftermath of the first attempt at cooperation between French and American forces following France's entry into the war as an American ally. The operations against Newport were to have been made in conjunction with a French fleet and troops; these were frustrated in part by difficult relations between the commanders, and a storm that damaged both French and British fleets shortly before joint operations were to begin. The battle was also notable for the participation of the [[:Category: 1st Rhode Island Regiment, Continental Army, American Revolution]], a locally recruited segregated regiment of African Americans. It was the only major military action to include a racially segregated unit on the American side in the war. ([http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Rhode_Island 1]) ===America and France=== : Commanders and leaders ::John Sullivan - a 19th century [http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/7b/GeneralJohnSullivanByTenney.jpg portrait] by A. Tenney ::Nathanael Greene ::Christopher Greene ::Comte d'Estaing - [http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/94/Charles_Henri_Victor_Theodat_comte_d_Estaing_1769.jpeg portrait] 1769, by Jean-Baptiste Lebrun :Strength: 10,100 :Casualties and losses: 30 killed, 137 wounded, 44 missing ===Great Britain=== : Commanders and leaders ::Sir Robert Pigot - [http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/RobertPigotByFrancisCotes.jpg/813px-RobertPigotByFrancisCotes.jpg portrait] by Francis Cotes ::Francis Smith ::Richard Prescott ::Friedrich Wilhelm von Lossberg :Strength: 6,700 :Casualties and losses: 38 killed, 210 wounded, 12 missing ===Images=== * [http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Battle_of_Rhode_Island.jpg/1280px-Battle_of_Rhode_Island.jpg A 1779 print depicting the battle]. * [http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e4/Entree_de_l_escadre_francaise_en_baie_de_Newport_1778_Ozanne.jpg Entry of the French squadron in Newport Bay] Aug. 8, 1778. (Drawing by Pierre Ozanne, 1778) * [http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Rhode-island-map.jpg/1280px-Rhode-island-map.jpg A 1778 French military map] showing the positions of generals Lafayette and Sullivan around Newport Bay on August 30.

[[Category: Battle of Saratoga]] ==Battles of Saratoga== :Date: September 19 and October 7, 1777 :Location: Saratoga County, New York :Result: First battle: Pyrrhic British victory :Second battle: Decisive American victory, British surrender October 17 :Belligerents: United States, Great Britain, Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel, Hesse Hesse-Hanau ===About=== The Battles of Saratoga (Sep 19 and Oct 7, 1777) conclusively decided the fate of British General John Burgoyne's army in the American War of Independence. They're generally regarded as a turning point in the war. The battles were fought eighteen days apart on the same ground, 9 miles (14 km) south of Saratoga, New York. Burgoyne's campaign to divide New England from the southern colonies started well, but slowed due to logistical problems. He won a small tactical victory over Gen. Horatio Gates and the Continental Army in the September 19 Battle of Freeman's Farm at the cost of significant casualties. His gains were erased when he again attacked the Americans in the October 7 Battle of Bemis Heights. The Americans captured a portion of the British defenses. So Burgoyne had to retreat, while his army was surrounded by a larger American force at Saratoga, who forced his surrender October 17. News of Burgoyne's surrender was instrumental in making France an official American ally. Previously the French gave supplies, ammunition and guns ... most notably the de Valliere cannon that played an important role in Saratoga. Once the French were formally engaged, the war became a global conflict. The battle led Spain to contribute to Americans. 19 Sep: The first battle began when Burgoyne moved some of his troops in an attempt to flank the entrenched American position on Bemis Heights. Benedict Arnold, anticipating the maneuver, placed significant forces in his way. While Burgoyne succeeded in gaining control of Freeman's Farm, it came at the cost of significant casualties. Skirmishing continued in the days following the battle, while Burgoyne waited in the hope that reinforcements would arrive from New York City. Militia forces continued to arrive, swelling the size of the American army. Disputes within the American camp led Gates to strip Arnold of his command. Concurrently with the first battle, American troops also attacked British positions in the area of Fort Ticonderoga, and bombarded the fort for a few days before withdrawing. British General Sir Henry Clinton, in an attempt to divert American attention from Burgoyne, captured American forts in the Hudson River highlands on October 6, but his efforts were too late to help Burgoyne. Burgoyne attacked Bemis Heights again on October 7 after it became apparent he would not receive relieving aid in time. In heavy fighting, marked by Arnold's spirited rallying of the American troops (in open defiance of orders to stay off the battlefield), Burgoyne's forces were thrown back to the positions they held before the September 19 battle and the Americans captured a portion of the entrenched British defenses. ([http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Saratoga 1]) ===Americans=== Commanders and leaders: :Horatio Gates - [http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b6/HoratioGatesByStuart.jpeg portrait] by Gilbert Stuart :Benedict Arnold :Benjamin Lincoln :Enoch Poor :Ebenezer Learned :Abraham ten Broeck :Daniel Morgan :Strength: 9,000 (first battle), over 12,000 (second battle), over 15,000 (at time of surrender) :Casualties and losses: 90 killed, 240 wounded ===Great Britain=== Commanders and leaders: :John Burgoyne - [http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/BurgoyneByReynolds.jpg/601px-BurgoyneByReynolds.jpg portrait] by Sir Joshua Reynolds, c. 1760 :Simon Fraser † :F.A. Riedesel :Strength: 7,200 (first battle), 6,600 (second battle) :Casualties and losses: 440 killed, 695 wounded, 6,222 captured ===Images=== * [http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Surrender_of_General_Burgoyne.jpg/1280px-Surrender_of_General_Burgoyne.jpg Surrender of General Burgoyne] by John Trumbull, 1822; This painting hangs in the United States Capitol Rotunda. * [http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/John_Neilson_House%2C_Bemis_Heights%2C_Stillwater%2C_Saratoga_County%2C_NY.jpg/733px-John_Neilson_House%2C_Bemis_Heights%2C_Stillwater%2C_Saratoga_County%2C_NY.jpg Plan of battlefield of Saratoga], and views of John Neilson's house (which served as headquarters for Enoch Poor and Benedict Arnold) from south, east and inside. [http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/15/John_Neilson_House%2C_Bemis_Heights%2C_Stillwater%2C_Saratoga_County%2C_NY.jpg Large file].

[[Category: Battle of Sullivan's Island]] '''Battle of Sullivan's Island''' The Battle of Sullivan's Island or the Battle of Fort Sullivan was fought on June 28, 1776, during the American Revolutionary War, also known as the American War of Independence. It took place near Charleston, South Carolina, during the first British attempt to capture the city from American rebels. It is also sometimes referred to as the First Siege of Charleston, owing to a more successful British siege in 1780. The British organized an expedition in early 1776 for operations in the rebellious southern colonies of North America. Delayed by logistical concerns and bad weather, the expedition reached the coast of North Carolina in May 1776. Finding conditions unsuitable for their operations, General Henry Clinton and Admiral Sir Peter Parker decided instead to act against Charleston. Arriving there in early June, troops were landed on Long Island, near Sullivan's Island where Colonel William Moultrie commanded a partially constructed fort, in preparation for a naval bombardment and land assault. The land assault was frustrated when the channel between the two islands was found to be too deep to wade, and the American defenses prevented an amphibious landing. The naval bombardment had little effect due to the sandy soil and the spongy nature of the fort's palmetto log construction. Careful fire by the defenders wrought significant damage in the British fleet, which withdrew after an entire day's bombardment. The British withdrew their expedition force to New York, and did not return to South Carolina until 1780. ([http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Sullivan%27s_Island 1]) '''Battle of Sullivan's Island''' :Part of the American Revolutionary War :Date June 28, 1776 :Location Sullivan's Island, South Carolina :Result Colonial victory :Belligerents: United States, South Carolina, Great Britain '''United States, South Carolina''' :Commanders and leaders: ::William Moultrie - [http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/William_Moultrie.jpg/578px-William_Moultrie.jpg portrait]. :Strength: ::Fort Sullivan: :::435 militia :::31 artillery pieces :Other defenses: ::3 shore batteries ::over 6,000 regulars and militia :Casualties and losses: 12 killed 25 wounded '''Great Britain''' :Commanders and leaders: ::Peter Parker - [http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Sir_peter_parker_NMM.JPG/628px-Sir_peter_parker_NMM.JPG portrait]. ::Henry Clinton - [http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/80/SirHenryClinton.jpg portrait]. :Strength: ::2,200 infantry ::2 fourth-rates ::6 frigates ::1 bomb vessel :Casualties and losses: ::220 killed and wounded ::2 fourth-rates severely damaged ::2 frigates moderately damaged ::1 frigate grounded, later scuttled '''Images''' * [http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/67/Battle_of_Sullivans_Island.jpg Sergeant William Jasper raising the flag over the fort]. * [http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Fort-Sullivan.jpg/1280px-Fort-Sullivan.jpg A British engineer's map made following the engagement]. * [http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/9f/Battle_of_fort_moultrie.JPG Depiction of the battle] by John Blake White, 1826.

[[Category: British Units in the American Revolutionary War]] ==British units in the American Revolutionary War== This is a list of British units in the American Revolutionary War (1775–1783) who fought against the American rebels and their French, Spanish and Dutch allies in the thirteen North American colonies, including battles in Florida and the West Indies. In addition to the regular army it includes German auxiliary units (known collectively as Hessians), and militia and provincial units formed from Loyalists, West Indians, and Canadians. No battle honours were ever awarded to British regiments who fought in America as it was seen by the British to be a civil war. Four battle honours were, however, awarded for actions against the French and Spanish in the West Indies and other theatres. Only three British Army regiments (23rd Dragoons and the 73rd and 78th Foot) raised during the period of the war, many of whom were intended for North America, survived the post-war reduction in the Army. The 23rd Dragoons aka 19th Light Dragoons served in India; the 73rd (renumbered 71st in 1786) later became part of the Highland Light Infantry while the 78th (renumbered 72nd in 1786) became part of the Seaforth Highlanders (Ross-Shire Buffs) in 1881. Note: An Infantry Unit not listed is the 2nd Regiment of Foot aka Queen's Royal Regiment (West Surrey); however the 1st Battalion -along with the Honourable Artillery Company-suppressed the Gordon Riots in London 1780. Neither did the 11th Regiment of Foot {Devonshire} nor the 12th Regiment of Foot {Suffolk}; nor the 25th Regiment of Foot aka King's Own Scottish Borderers at Sussex; nor the 32nd Regiment of Foot at Cornwall; the 36th (Herefordshire) Regiment of Foot at Herefordshire; nor the 39th (Dorsetshire) Regiment of Foot at East Middlesex nor 41st (Welsh) Regiment of Foot nor 51st (2nd Yorkshire West Riding) Regiment of Foot nor the 81st Regiment of Foot (Aberdeenshire Highland Regiment) take part in the American Revolution. The 86th Regiment of Foot (Rutland Regiment), the 87th Regiment of Foot, and the 90th Regiment of Foot (Yorkshire Volunteers) were stationed in the West Indies. The 72nd Highlanders; 83rd Regiment of Foot (Royal Glasgow Volunteers) and the 95th (Yorkshire) Regiment of Foot did take part in defeating a French invasion of Jersey in 1781 (the Battle of Jersey). ===British Regular Army - The Continental Army=== '''Artillery''' : [[:Category:Royal Regiment of Artillery, American Revolution|Royal Regiment of Artillery]] : [[:Category:Royal Irish Regiment of Artillery, American Revolution|Royal Irish Regiment of Artillery]] {did not fight as a unit but as drafts for British forces} '''Cavalry''' : [[:Category:16th The Queen's Lancers, American Revolution|16th The Queen's Lancers]] aka the 16th (or The Queen's) Regiment of (Light) Dragoons : [[:Category:17th Regiment of (Light) Dragoons, American Revolution|17th Regiment of (Light) Dragoons]] '''Infantry''' '''Foot Guards''' Brigade of Guards (raised from drafts of 1st Regiment of Foot Guards, Coldstream Regiment of Foot Guards, and 3rd Regiment of Foot Guards) : [[:Category:1st Regiment of Foot Guards, American Revolution|1st Regiment of Foot Guards]] : [[:Category:Coldstream Regiment of Foot Guards, American Revolution|Coldstream Regiment of Foot Guards]] : [[:Category:3rd Regiment of Foot Guards, American Revolution|3rd Regiment of Foot Guards]] '''Line Infantry''' : [[:Category:1st (Royal) Regiment of Foot, American Revolution|1st (Royal) Regiment of Foot]] : [[:Category:3rd Regiment of Foot, or The Buffs, American Revolution|3rd Regiment of Foot]] : [[:Category:4th (The King's Own) Regiment of Foot, American Revolution|4th (The King's Own) Regiment of Foot]] : [[:Category:5th Regiment of Foot, American Revolution|5th Regiment of Foot]] '''''example''''' : [[:Category:6th Regiment of Foot, American Revolution|6th Regiment of Foot]] : [[:Category:7th Regiment of Foot, American Revolution|7th Regiment of Foot]] (Royal Fusiliers) : [[:Category:8th (The King's) Regiment of Foot, American Revolution|8th (The King's) Regiment of Foot]] : [[:Category:9th Regiment of Foot, American Revolution|9th Regiment of Foot]] : [[:Category:10th Regiment of Foot, American Revolution|10th Regiment of Foot]] : [[:Category:13th Regiment of Foot, American Revolution|13th Regiment of Foot]] : [[:Category:14th Regiment of Foot, American Revolution|14th Regiment of Foot]] : [[:Category:15th Regiment of Foot, American Revolution|15th Regiment of Foot]] : [[:Category:16th Regiment of Foot, American Revolution|16th Regiment of Foot]] : [[:Category:17th Regiment of Foot, American Revolution|17th Regiment of Foot]] : [[:Category:18th Regiment of Foot, American Revolution|18th Regiment of Foot]] (Royal Irish Regiment) : [[:Category:19th Regiment of Foot, American Revolution|19th Regiment of Foot]] : [[:Category:20th Regiment of Foot, American Revolution|20th Regiment of Foot]] : [[:Category:21st Regiment of Foot, American Revolution|21st Regiment of Foot]] : [[:Category:22nd Regiment of Foot, American Revolution|22nd Regiment of Foot]] : [[:Category:23rd Regiment of Foot, American Revolution|23rd Regiment of Foot]] (Royal Welch Fusiliers) : [[:Category:24th Regiment of Foot, American Revolution|24th Regiment of Foot]] : [[:Category:26th Regiment of Foot, American Revolution|26th Regiment of Foot]] : [[:Category:27th (Inniskilling) Regiment of Foot, American Revolution|27th (Inniskilling) Regiment of Foot]] : [[:Category:28th Regiment of Foot, American Revolution|28th Regiment of Foot]] : [[:Category:29th Regiment of Foot, American Revolution|29th Regiment of Foot]] : [[:Category:30th Regiment of Foot, American Revolution|30th Regiment of Foot]] : [[:Category:31st Regiment of Foot, American Revolution|31st Regiment of Foot]] : [[:Category:33rd Regiment of Foot, American Revolution|33rd Regiment of Foot]] : [[:Category:34th Regiment of Foot, American Revolution|34th Regiment of Foot]] : [[:Category:35th Regiment of Foot, American Revolution|35th Regiment of Foot]] : [[:Category:37th Regiment of Foot, American Revolution|37th Regiment of Foot]] : [[:Category:38th Regiment of Foot, American Revolution|38th Regiment of Foot]] : [[:Category:40th Regiment of Foot, American Revolution|40th Regiment of Foot]] : [[:Category:42nd (Royal Highland) Regiment of Foot, American Revolution|42nd (Royal Highland) Regiment of Foot]] : [[:Category:43rd Regiment of Foot, American Revolution|43rd Regiment of Foot]] : [[:Category:44th Regiment of Foot, American Revolution|44th Regiment of Foot]] : [[:Category:45th Regiment of Foot, American Revolution|45th Regiment of Foot]] : [[:Category:46th Regiment of Foot, American Revolution|46th Regiment of Foot]] : [[:Category:47th Regiment of Foot, American Revolution|47th Regiment of Foot]] : [[:Category:48th Regiment of Foot, American Revolution|48th Regiment of Foot]] : [[:Category:49th Regiment of Foot, American Revolution|49th Regiment of Foot]] : [[:Category:50th Regiment of Foot, American Revolution|50th Regiment of Foot]] : [[:Category:52nd Regiment of Foot, American Revolution|52nd Regiment of Foot]] : [[:Category:53rd Regiment of Foot, American Revolution|53rd Regiment of Foot]] : [[:Category:54th Regiment of Foot, American Revolution|54th Regiment of Foot]] : [[:Category:55th Regiment of Foot, American Revolution|55th Regiment of Foot]] : [[:Category:57th Regiment of Foot, American Revolution|57th Regiment of Foot]] : [[:Category:59th Regiment of Foot, American Revolution|59th Regiment of Foot]] : [[:Category:60th (Royal American) Regiment of Foot, American Revolution|60th (Royal American) Regiment of Foot]] : [[:Category:62nd Regiment of Foot, American Revolution|62nd Regiment of Foot]] : [[:Category:63rd (West Suffolk) Regiment of Foot, American Revolution|63rd Regiment of Foot]] : [[:Category:64th Regiment of Foot, American Revolution|64th Regiment of Foot]] : [[:Category:65th Regiment of Foot, American Revolution|65th Regiment of Foot]] : [[:Category:69th Regiment of Foot, American Revolution|69th Regiment of Foot]] : [[:Category:70th Regiment of Foot, American Revolution|70th Regiment of Foot]] (Glasgow Lowland) : [[:Category:71st Regiment of Foot, American Revolution|71st Regiment of Foot]] (Frasers Highlanders) : [[:Category:74th Regiment of Foot, American Revolution|74th Regiment of (Highland) Foot (Argylles) ]] : [[:Category:76th Regiment of Foot, American Revolution|76th Regiment of Foot]] (Macdonald's Highlanders) : [[:Category:79th Regiment of Foot, American Revolution|79th Regiment of Foot]] (Royal Liverpool Volunteers) : [[:Category:80th Regiment of Foot, American Revolution|80th Regiment of Foot]] (Royal Edinburgh Volunteers) : [[:Category:82nd Regiment of Foot, American Revolution|82nd Regiment of Foot]] (Lanarkshires) : [[:Category:83rd Regiment of Foot, American Revolution|83rd Regiment of Foot]] (Royal Glasgow Volunteers) : [[:Category:84th Regiment of Foot, American Revolution|84th Regiment of Foot]] (Royal Highland Emigrants) (Loyalist) : [[:Category:85th Regiment of Foot, American Revolution|85th Regiment of Foot]](Westminster Volunteers) '''''example''''' : [[:Category:86th Regiment of Foot, American Revolution|86th Regiment of Foot]] (Rutland Regiment) : [[:Category:87th Regiment of Foot, American Revolution|87th Regiment of Foot]] : [[:Category:88th Regiment of Foot, American Revolution|88th Regiment of Foot]] : [[:Category:105th Regiment of Foot, American Revolution|105th Regiment of Foot]] (Loyalist) : [[:Category:110th Regiment of Foot, American Revolution|110th Regiment of Foot]] {Loyalist{?}-see below '''H.M. Marine Forces''' : [[:Category:1st Battalion, American Revolution|1st Battalion]] : [[:Category:2nd Battalion, American Revolution|2nd Battalion]] ===Provincial Corps=== The Loyalist component of the Army was referred to as the Provincial Corps, albeit it was not structured as a Corps nor did it operate as one. The Corps was raised by the Commander in Chief of the British Army in the theatre and, as such, varied in strength and composition from time to time. Supposedly they received the same pay and conditions as British soldiers but this was variable. Some units were short-lived and some served for the whole war. The unit strength comprised of locally recruited individuals but supplemented by regular troops, not always the best. Many of the Officers and Senior Non-Commissioned Officers were British Army, particularly at the commencement of unit operations. They were gradually replaced by local strength. '''American Establishment''' Five regiments received the special status of being placed on the “American Establishment”. This meant that they were paid and managed by the War Office in London although tasked locally. They could be, but never were, deployed outside of theatre. Four out of the five were commanded by regular British Army officers. Seven of the Provincial units, including three on the American Establishment, achieved the highest recognition by being placed upon the Regular Establishment. : [[:Category:1st American Regiment, American Revolution|1st American Regiment]], formerly the Queen's Rangers : [[:Category:2nd American Regiment, American Revolution|2nd American Regiment]], formerly the Volunteers of Ireland, placed on British establishment in 1782 as 105th Foot : [[:Category:3rd American Regiment, American Revolution|3rd American Regiment]], formerly the New York Volunteers : [[:Category:4th American Regiment, American Revolution|4th American Regiment]], formerly the King's American Regiment, placed on British Establishment in 1782 possibly as the 110th Regiment of Foot. : [[:Category:5th American Regiment, American Revolution|5th American Regiment]], formerly the British Legion, placed on British establishment in 1782 as Tarleton's Dragoons '''Provincial Units''' : [[:Category:American Legion (Loyalist), American Revolution|American Legion (Loyalist)]] : [[:Category:American Volunteers, American Revolution|American Volunteers]] : [[:Category:Armed Boat Company, American Revolution|Armed Boat Company]] : [[:Category:Black Company of Pioneers, American Revolution|Black Company of Pioneers]] (also known as the Black Pioneers) : [[:Category:British Legion, American Revolution|British Legion]] (placed on American establishment in 1781 as 5th American Regiment) : [[:Category:Bucks County Dragoons, American Revolution|Bucks County Dragoons]] (absorbed by British Legion in 1780) : [[:Category:Butler's Rangers, American Revolution|Butler's Rangers]] : [[:Category:Caledonian Volunteers, American Revolution|Caledonian Volunteers]] (formed part of the British Legion in 1778) : [[:Category:Campbell's Dragoon, American Revolution|Campbell's Dragoon]] (South Carolina Dragoons) : [[:Category:Canadian Companies, American Revolution|Canadian Companies]] : [[:Category:DeLancey's Brigade, American Revolution|DeLancey's Brigade]] : [[:Category:Detroit Volunteers, American Revolution|Detroit Volunteers]] claims descent from Roger's Rangers-later became 1st Battalion 119th Field Artillery Regiment, Michigan National Guard USA. : [[:Category:Diemar's Troop of Black Hussars, American Revolution|Diemar's Troop of Black Hussars]] (also known as Diemar's Hussars) : [[:Category:Duke of Cumberland's Regiment, American Revolution|Duke of Cumberland's Regiment]] : [[:Category:Duchess County Company, American Revolution|Duchess County Company]] : [[:Category:Emmerich's Chasseurs, American Revolution|Emmerich's Chasseurs]] : [[:Category:Fenwick's Dragoons, American Revolution|Fenwick's Dragoons]] (South Carolina Dragoons) : [[:Category:Forshner's Independent Company, American Revolution|Forshner's Independent Company]] : [[:Category:Georgia Light Dragoons, American Revolution|Georgia Light Dragoons]] : [[:Category:Georgia Loyalists, American Revolution|Georgia Loyalists]] : [[:Category:Governor Wentworth's Volunteers, American Revolution|Governor Wentworth's Volunteers]] : [[:Category:Guides and Pioneers, American Revolution|Guides and Pioneers]] : [[:Category:Harkimer's Batteau Company, American Revolution|Harkimer's Batteau Company]] : [[:Category:Hierlihy's Corps, American Revolution|Hierlihy's Corps]] : [[:Category:James Island Light Dragoons, American Revolution|James Island Light Dragoons]] : [[:Category:King's American Dragoons, American Revolution|King's American Dragoons]] : [[:Category:King's American Regiment, American Revolution|King's American Regiment]] (placed on American establishment in 1781 as 4th American Regiment) : [[:Category:King's Rangers, American Revolution|King's Rangers]] : [[:Category:King's (Carolina) Rangers, American Revolution|King's (Carolina) Rangers]] : [[:Category:King's Orange Rangers, American Revolution|King's Orange Rangers]] : [[:Category:King's Royal Regiment of New York, American Revolution|King's Royal Regiment of New York]] : [[:Category:Kinloch's Light Dragoons, American Revolution|Kinloch's Light Dragoons]] (formed part of the British Legion in 1778) : [[:Category:Locke's Independent Company, American Revolution|Locke's Independent Company]] : [[:Category:Loyal American Rangers, American Revolution|Loyal American Rangers]] : [[:Category:Loyal American Regiment, American Revolution|Loyal American Regiment]] : [[:Category:Loyal Foresters, American Revolution|Loyal Foresters]] : [[:Category:Loyal New Englanders, American Revolution|Loyal New Englanders]] : [[:Category:Loyal Rangers, American Revolution|Loyal Rangers]] : [[:Category:Loyal Rhode Islanders, American Revolution|Loyal Rhode Islanders]] : [[:Category:Maryland Loyalists Battalion, American Revolution|Maryland Loyalists Battalion]] : [[:Category:Nassau Blues, American Revolution|Nassau Blues]] : [[:Category:Newfoundland Regiment, American Revolution|Newfoundland Regiment]] (placed on British establishment in 1782) : [[:Category:New Hampshire Volunteers, American Revolution|New Hampshire Volunteers]] : [[:Category:New Jersey Volunteers, American Revolution|New Jersey Volunteers]] (Skinner's Greens) : [[:Category:Newport Artillery Company, American Revolution|Newport Artillery Company]] (Rhode Island) 1741 : [[:Category:New York Volunteers, American Revolution|New York Volunteers]] (placed on American establishment as 3rd American Regiment in 1779) : [[:Category:North Carolina Highlanders, American Revolution|North Carolina Highlanders]] : [[:Category:North Carolina Independent Company, American Revolution|North Carolina Independent Company]] : [[:Category:North Carolina Independent Dragoons, American Revolution|North Carolina Independent Dragoons]] : [[:Category: Loyalists, Pennsylvania, American Revolution|Provincial Corps of Pennsylvania Loyalists]] : [[:Category:Philadelphia Light Dragoons, American Revolution|Philadelphia Light Dragoons]] (formed part of the British Legion in 1778) : [[:Category:Prince of Wales's American Volunteers, American Revolution|Prince of Wales's American Volunteers]] : [[:Category:Provincial Light Infantry, American Revolution|Provincial Light Infantry]] : [[:Category:Queen's Rangers, American Revolution|Queen's Rangers]] (placed on American establishment in 1779 as 1st American Regiment);claims descent from Roger's Rangers : [[:Category:Roman Catholic Volunteers, American Revolution|Roman Catholic Volunteers]] : [[:Category:Royal American Reformers, American Revolution|Royal American Reformers]] : [[:Category:Royal Fencible Americans, American Revolution|Royal Fencible Americans]] : [[:Category:Royal Garrison Battalion, American Revolution|Royal Garrison Battalion]] (placed on British establishment in 178 : [[:Category:Royal Georgia Volunteers, American Revolution|Royal Georgia Volunteers]] : [[:Category: 84th Regiment of Foot, American Revolution|Royal Highland Emigrants]] (placed on British establishment in 1779 as [[:Category: 84th Regiment of Foot, American Revolution| 84th Regiment of Foot]]) : [[:Category:Royal Nova Scotia Volunteer Regiment, American Revolution|Royal Nova Scotia Volunteer Regiment]] : [[:Category:Saint John's Volunteers, American Revolution|Saint John's Volunteers]] : [[:Category:Starkloff's Dragoons, American Revolution|Starkloff's Dragoons]] (South Carolina Dragoons) : [[:Category:South Carolina Rangers, American Revolution|South Carolina Rangers]] : [[:Category:South Carolina Royalists, American Revolution|South Carolina Royalists]] : [[:Category:Stewart's Troop of Light Dragoons, American Revolution|Stewart's Troop of Light Dragoons]] : [[:Category:Van Alstine's Batteau Company, American Revolution|Van Alstine's Batteau Company]] : [[:Category:Volunteers of Ireland, American Revolution|Volunteers of Ireland]] (placed on American establishment in 1779 as 2nd American Regiment) : [[:Category:Volunteers of New England, American Revolution|Volunteers of New England]] : [[:Category:West Florida Royal Foresters, American Revolution|West Florida Royal Foresters]] : [[:Category:West Jersey Volunteers, American Revolution|West Jersey Volunteers]] '''Militia''' Militia units were raised and used as required, generally along county or city boundaries. The local commander, generally an official, used Militia Laws similar to those in force in Britain at the time. All able bodied men, less civil authorities, were called up. Quakers were exempt, due to religion, in most counties. Except in rare cases, Carolina campaign, they were paid and maintained by local authorities. At times, British officers served in these units although, until very late in the war, they suffered a detrimental reduction in status which was not attractive. : [[:Category:Charleston Militia, American Revolution|Charleston Militia]] : [[:Category:Charleston Volunteer Battalion, American Revolution|Charleston Volunteer Battalion]] : [[:Category:Collett's Independent Company, American Revolution|Collett's Independent Company]] : [[:Category:Detroit Militia, American Revolution|Detroit Militia]] : [[:Category:East Florida Militia, American Revolution|East Florida Militia]] : [[:Category:Georgia Artillery, American Revolution|Georgia Artillery]] : [[:Category:Georgia Militia, American Revolution|Georgia Militia]] : [[:Category:German Independent Company, American Revolution|German Independent Company]] : [[:Category:Independent Troop of Black Dragoons, American Revolution|Independent Troop of Black Dragoons]] (also known as Black Pioneer Troop) : [[:Category:Loyal Commissariat Volunteers, American Revolution|Loyal Commissariat Volunteers]] : [[:Category:Loyal Ordnance Volunteers, American Revolution|Loyal Ordnance Volunteers]] : [[:Category:Loyal Volunteers of the City of New York, American Revolution|Loyal Volunteers of the City of New York]] : [[:Category:Massachusetts Militia, American Revolution|Massachusetts Militia]] : [[:Category:Massachusetts Volunteers, American Revolution|Massachusetts Volunteers]] : [[:Category:McDonald's Company of Volunteers, American Revolution|McDonald's Company of Volunteers]] : [[:Category:Minorca Volunteer Company, American Revolution|Minorca Volunteer Company]] : [[:Category:New Jersey Militia, American Revolution|New Jersey Militia]] : [[:Category:New York City Militia, American Revolution|New York City Militia]] : [[:Category:New York Independent Highland Volunteers, American Revolution|New York Independent Highland Volunteers]] : [[:Category:New York Marine Artillery Company, American Revolution|New York Marine Artillery Company]] : [[:Category:New York Militia, American Revolution|New York Militia]] : [[:Category:New York Rangers, American Revolution|New York Rangers]] : [[:Category:North Carolina Militia, American Revolution|North Carolina Militia]] : [[:Category:North Carolina Volunteers, American Revolution|North Carolina Volunteers]] : [[:Category:Nova Scotia Militia, American Revolution|Nova Scotia Militia]] : [[:Category:Nova Scotia Volunteer Militia Regiment, American Revolution|Nova Scotia Volunteer Militia Regiment]] : [[:Category:Quebec City Militia, American Revolution|Quebec City Militia]] : [[:Category:Quebec Militia, American Revolution|Quebec Militia]] : [[:Category:Saint John's County Volunteers (South Carolina), American Revolution|Saint John's County Volunteers]] : [[:Category:South Carolina Militia, American Revolution|South Carolina Militia]] : [[:Category:South Carolina Volunteers, American Revolution|South Carolina Volunteers]] : [[:Category:Westchester Chasseurs, American Revolution|Westchester Chasseurs]] : [[:Category:West Florida Militia, American Revolution|West Florida Militia]] '''Local Volunteer Corps''' : [[:Category:Adams Company of Rangers, American Revolution|Adams Company of Rangers]] : [[:Category:Bay Fusiliers, American Revolution|Bay Fusiliers]] : [[:Category:Brant's Volunteers, American Revolution|Brant's Volunteers]] : [[:Category:Bucks County Volunteers, American Revolution|Bucks County Volunteers]] : [[:Category:Detroit Volunteers, American Revolution|Detroit Volunteers]] : [[:Category:Dunlop's Corps, American Revolution|Dunlop's Corps]] : [[:Category:East Florida Rangers, American Revolution|East Florida Rangers]] : [[:Category:East Florida Volunteers, American Revolution|East Florida Volunteers]] : [[:Category:Georgia Light Dragoons, American Revolution|Georgia Light Dragoons]] : [[:Category:Georgia Rangers, American Revolution|Georgia Rangers]] : [[:Category:Georgia Rifle Dragoons, American Revolution|Georgia Rifle Dragoons]] : [[:Category:King's Loyal Americans, American Revolution|King's Loyal Americans]] : [[:Category:Mackay's Corps, American Revolution|Mackay's Corps]] : [[:Category:McAlpin's Corps of Royalists, American Revolution|McAlpin's Corps of Royalists]] : [[:Category:Mosquito Shore Volunteers, American Revolution|Mosquito Shore Volunteers]] : [[:Category:Natchez Volunteers, American Revolution|Natchez Volunteers]] : [[:Category:Negro Volunteers, American Revolution|Negro Volunteers]] : [[:Category:Newfoundland Volunteers, American Revolution|Newfoundland Volunteers]] : [[:Category:Queen's Loyal Rangers, American Revolution|Queen's Loyal Rangers]]; decimated at the Battle of Saratoga, after which some 90 survivors made their way to Canada. Formed part of the newly created [[:Category: Loyal Rangers, American Revolution|Loyal Rangers]] : [[:Category:Queen's Loyal Virginia Regiment, American Revolution|Queen's Loyal Virginia Regiment]] (absorbed by Queen's Rangers in 1776) : [[:Category:Queen's Royal Rangers, American Revolution|Queen's Royal Rangers]] : [[:Category:Rattan and Black River Volunteers, American Revolution|Rattan and Black River Volunteers]] : [[:Category:Royal Bateaux Volunteers, American Revolution|Royal Bateaux Volunteers]] : [[:Category:Royal Ethiopian Regiment, American Revolution|Royal Ethiopian Regiment]] : [[:Category:Virginia Light Horse, American Revolution|Virginia Light Horse]] : [[:Category:Virginia Volunteers, American Revolution|Virginia Volunteers]] : [[:Category:Volunteers of Augusta, American Revolution|Volunteers of Augusta]] : [[:Category:West Florida Provincials, American Revolution|West Florida Provincials]] : [[:Category:West Florida Refugees, American Revolution|West Florida Refugees]] '''Associated''' These units were the least structured and organised of the Provincial Corps. The units were designed to be autonomous and many operated at locations distant for British infrastructure. Some of these operated as "privateers". : [[:Category:Associated Loyalists, American Revolution|Associated Loyalists]] : [[:Category:Hatfield's Company of Partisans, American Revolution|Hatfield's Company of Partisans]] : [[:Category:Hazard's Corps of Refugees, American Revolution|Hazard's Corps of Refugees]] : [[:Category:James Stewart's Corps of Refugees, American Revolution|James Stewart's Corps of Refugees]] : [[:Category:King's Militia Volunteers, American Revolution|King's Militia Volunteers]] : [[:Category:Loyal American Association, American Revolution|Loyal American Association]] : [[:Category:Loyal Associated Refugees, American Revolution|Loyal Associated Refugees]] : [[:Category:Loyal Irish Volunteers, American Revolution|Loyal Irish Volunteers]] : [[:Category:Loyal Newport Associators, American Revolution|Loyal Newport Associators]] : [[:Category:Loyal Refugee Volunteers, American Revolution|Loyal Refugee Volunteers]] : [[:Category:Maryland Royal Retaliators, American Revolution|Maryland Royal Retaliators]] : [[:Category:North Carolina Provincials, American Revolution|North Carolina Provincials]] : [[:Category:Pepperell's Corps, American Revolution|Pepperell's Corps]] : [[:Category:Robins Company of Partisans, American Revolution|Robins Company of Partisans]] : [[:Category:Royal North British Volunteers, American Revolution|Royal North British Volunteers]] : [[:Category:Sharp's Refugee Marines, American Revolution|Sharp's Refugee Marines]] : [[:Category:Uzal Ward's Company of Volunteers, American Revolution|Uzal Ward's Company of Volunteers]] ===German auxiliaries - Hessians=== '''Principality of Anhalt-Zerbst''' : [[:Category:Rauschenplatt's Princess of Anhalt-Zerbst's Regiment, American Revolution|Rauschenplatt's Princess of Anhalt-Zerbst's Regiment]] (2 battalions, 1 infantry in Quebec (1778), and 1 "Pandour" in New York (1780)) : [[:Category:Nuppenau's Jäger Company, American Revolution|Nuppenau's Jäger Company]] : [[:Category:Company of Artillery, Anhalt-Zerbst, American Revolution|Company of Artillery]] '''Margrave of Ansbach and Bayreuth''' : [[:Category:1st Regiment Anspach, American Revolution|1st Regiment Anspach]] (later Regiment von Volt; 1st Anspach Battalion) : [[:Category:2nd Regiment Bayreuth, American Revolution|2nd Regiment Bayreuth]] (later Regiment Seybothen; 2nd Anspach Battalion) : [[:Category:Anspach Jäger Company, American Revolution|Anspach Jäger Company]] '''Duchy of Brunswick''' : [[:Category:Dragoon Regiment Prinz Lüdwig Ernst, American Revolution|Dragoon Regiment Prinz Lüdwig Ernst]] : [[:Category:Grenadier Battalion Breymann, American Revolution|Grenadier Battalion Breymann]] : [[:Category:Light Infantry Battalion von Barner, American Revolution|Light Infantry Battalion von Barner]] : [[:Category:Musketeer Regiment Riedesel, American Revolution|Musketeer Regiment Riedesel]] : [[:Category:Musketeer Regiment Specht, American Revolution|Musketeer Regiment Specht]] : [[:Category:Regiment Prinz Friedrich, American Revolution|Regiment Prinz Friedrich]] : [[:Category:Regiment von Rhetz, American Revolution|Regiment von Rhetz]] : [[:Category:von Geyso's Jäger Company, American Revolution|von Geyso's Jäger Company]] '''Electorate of Hanover''' : [[:Category:1st Battalion von Reden, American Revolution|1st Battalion von Reden]] : [[:Category:1st Battalion von Hardenberg, American Revolution|1st Battalion von Hardenberg]] : [[:Category:1st Battalion la Motte, American Revolution|1st Battalion la Motte]] : [[:Category:2nd Battalion Prinz Ernst von Mecklenburg, American Revolution|2nd Battalion Prinz Ernst von Mecklenburg]] : [[:Category:2nd Battalion von Goldacker, American Revolution|2nd Battalion von Goldacker]] : [[:Category:14th Regiment, American Revolution|14th Regiment]] : [[:Category:15th Regiment, American Revolution|15th Regiment]] '''Landgrave of Hesse-Kassel (or Hesse-Cassel)''' : [[:Category:Combined Regiment von Loos, American Revolution|Combined Regiment von Loos]] : [[:Category:Fusilier Regiment von Dittfurth, American Revolution|Fusilier Regiment von Dittfurth]] : [[:Category:Fusilier Regiment Erbprinz, American Revolution|Fusilier Regiment Erbprinz]] (later Musketeer Regiment (1780)) : [[:Category:Fusilier Regiment von Knyphausen, American Revolution|Fusilier Regiment von Knyphausen]] : [[:Category:Fusilier Regiment von Lossburg, American Revolution|Fusilier Regiment von Lossburg]] : [[:Category:Grenadier Regiment von Rall, American Revolution|Grenadier Regiment von Rall]] (later von Woellwarth (1777); von Trümbach (1779); d'Angelelli (1781)) :: [[:Category:1st Battalion Grenadiers von Linsing, American Revolution|1st Battalion Grenadiers von Linsing]] :: [[:Category:2nd Battalion Grenadiers von Block, American Revolution|2nd Battalion Grenadiers von Block]] (later von Lengerke) :: [[:Category:3rd Battalion Grenadiers von Minnigerode, American Revolution|3rd Battalion Grenadiers von Minnigerode]] (later von Loewenstein) :: [[:Category:4th Battalion Grenadiers von Koehler, American Revolution|4th Battalion Grenadiers von Koehler]] (later von Graff; von Platte) : [[:Category:Garrison Regiment von Bünau, American Revolution|Garrison Regiment von Bünau]] : [[:Category:Garrison Regiment von Huyne, American Revolution|Garrison Regiment von Huyne]] (later von Benning) : [[:Category:Garrison Regiment von Stein, American Revolution|Garrison Regiment von Stein]] (later von Seitz; von Porbeck) : [[:Category:Garrison Regiment von Wissenbach, American Revolution|Garrison Regiment von Wissenbach]] (later von Knoblauch) : [[:Category:Jäger Corps, American Revolution|Jäger Corps]] : [[:Category:Leib Infantry Regiment, American Revolution|Leib Infantry Regiment]] : [[:Category:Musketeer Regiment von Donop, American Revolution|Musketeer Regiment von Donop]] : [[:Category:Musketeer Regiment von Trümbach, American Revolution|Musketeer Regiment von Trümbach]] (later Von Bose (1779)) : [[:Category:Musketeer Regiment von Mirbach, American Revolution|Musketeer Regiment von Mirbach]] (later Jung von Lossburg (1780)) : [[:Category:Musketeer Regiment Prinz Carl, American Revolution|Musketeer Regiment Prinz Carl]] : [[:Category:Musketeer Regiment von Wutginau, American Revolution|Musketeer Regiment von Wutginau]] (later Landgraf (1777)) '''County of Hesse-Hanau''' : [[:Category:Janecke's Frei Corps of Light Infantry, American Revolution|Janecke's Frei Corps of Light Infantry]] : [[:Category:Musketeer Regiment Erb Prinz, American Revolution|Musketeer Regiment Erb Prinz]] : [[:Category:von Creuzbourg's Jäger Corps, American Revolution|von Creuzbourg's Jäger Corps]] : [[:Category:Pausch's Company of Artillery, American Revolution|Pausch's Company of Artillery]] '''Principality of Waldeck''' : [[:Category:3rd Waldeck Regiment, American Revolution|3rd Waldeck Regiment]] ===West Indian Forces=== : [[:Category:Barbados Militia, American Revolution|Barbados Militia]] : [[:Category:Barbadian Rangers, American Revolution|Barbadian Rangers]] : [[:Category:Black Carolina Corps, American Revolution|Black Carolina Corps]] : [[:Category:Grenada Militia, American Revolution|Grenada Militia]] : [[:Category:Jamaica Corps of Foot, American Revolution|Jamaica Corps of Foot]] : [[:Category:Independent Companies (Jamaica), American Revolution|Independent Companies (Jamaica)]] : [[:Category:Jamaica Legion, American Revolution|Jamaica Legion]] (absorbed by Jamaica Volunteers in 1780) : [[:Category:Jamaica Light Dragoons, American Revolution|Jamaica Light Dragoons]] : [[:Category:Jamaica Militia, American Revolution|Jamaica Militia]] : [[:Category:Jamaica Rangers, American Revolution|Jamaica Rangers]] : [[:Category:Jamaica Volunteers, American Revolution|Jamaica Volunteers]] : [[:Category:Turks Island Company, American Revolution|Turks Island Company]]

[[Category: Connecticut Line, American Revolution]] In the course of the war, 27 infantry regiments were assigned to the Connecticut Line. This included the eight provincial regiments of 1775, Wooster's Provisional Regiment (formed by consolidation of the remnants of the original 1st, 4th, and 5th Regiments), the five numbered Continental regiments of 1776, the eight Connecticut regiments of 1777, S.B. Webb's Additional Continental Regiment, which later became the 9th Connecticut Regiment, and four new regiments created by consolidation in 1781. '''Connecticut Provincial Regiments, 1775''' * The [[:Category:1st Connecticut Provincial Regiment (1775), Continental Army, American Revolution|1st Connecticut Provincial Regiment (1775)]] was commanded by Colonel David Wooster. Wooster's Regiment was assigned to the Separate, or New York, Department in 1775 and did not receive an additional designation in August. * The [[:Category:2nd Connecticut Provincial Regiment (1775), Continental Army, American Revolution|2nd Connecticut Provincial Regiment (1775)]] was commanded by Colonel Joseph Spencer. In August 1775, Spencer's Regiment was designated "The 33d Regiment of Foot." * The [[:Category:3rd Connecticut Provincial Regiment (1775), Continental Army, American Revolution|3rd Connecticut Provincial Regiment (1775)]] was commanded by Colonel Israel Putnam. In August 1775, Putnam's Regiment was designated "The 34th Regiment of Foot." * The [[:Category:4th Connecticut Provincial Regiment (1775), Continental Army, American Revolution|4th Connecticut Provincial Regiment (1775)]] was commanded by Colonel Benjamin Hinman. Hinman's Regiment was assigned to the Separate, or New York, Department in 1775 and did not receive an additional designation in August. * The [[:Category:5th Connecticut Provincial Regiment (1775), Continental Army, American Revolution|5th Connecticut Provincial Regiment (1775)]] was commanded by Colonel David Waterbury. Waterbury's Regiment was assigned to the Separate, or New York, Department in 1775 and did not receive an additional designation in August. * The [[:Category:6th Connecticut Provincial Regiment (1775), Continental Army, American Revolution|6th Connecticut Provincial Regiment (1775)]] was commanded by Colonel Samuel Holden Parsons. In August 1775, Parsons' Regiment was designated "The 13th Regiment of Foot." Massachusetts requested reinforcements from the other New England colonies following the Battle of Bunker Hill. Connecticut responded by raising two more infantry regiments. They were authorized by the Connecticut Assembly on July 1, 1775, and placed on the Continental establishment on July 19, 1775 * The [[:Category:7th Connecticut Provincial Regiment (1775), Continental Army, American Revolution|7th Connecticut Provincial Regiment (1775)]] was commanded by Colonel Charles Webb. In August 1775, Charles Webb's Regiment was designated "The 39th Regiment of Foot." * The [[:Category:8th Connecticut Provincial Regiment (1775), Continental Army, American Revolution|8th Connecticut Provincial Regiment (1775)]] was commanded by [[Huntington-824|Colonel Jedediah Huntington]]. In August 1775, Huntington's Regiment was designated "The 29th Regiment of Foot." '''Numbered Continental Regiments, 1776''' * The [[:Category:10th Continental Regiment (1776), Continental Army, American Revolution|10th Continental Regiment (1776)]] (created from the [[:Category: 6th Connecticut Provincial Regiment (1775), Continental Army, American Revolution|6th Connecticut Provincial Regiment (1775)]]) was commanded by Colonel Samuel Holden Parsons from 1 January to 9 August 1776. Parsons became a brigadier general in the Continental Army on the latter date. John Tyler, who had been the lieutenant colonel of the regiment since 1 January 1776, served as its colonel from 10 August to 31 December 1776. * The [[:Category:17th Continental Regiment (1776), Continental Army, American Revolution|17th Continental Regiment (1776)]] was commanded by [[Huntington-824|Colonel Jedediah Huntington]] from 1 January to 31 December 1776. * The [[:Category:19th Continental Regiment (1776), Continental Army, American Revolution|19th Continental Regiment]] (created from the [[:Category:7th Connecticut Provincial Regiment (1775), Continental Army, American Revolution|7th Connecticut Provisional Regiment (1775)]]) was commanded by Colonel Charles Webb from 1 January to 31 December 1776. Nathan Hale, who was captured by the British and hanged as a spy on 22 September 1776, was one of the captains in this regiment. * The [[:Category:20th Continental Regiment (1776), Continental Army, American Revolution|20th Continental Regiment (1776)]] was commanded by John Durkee, with the rank of lieutenant colonel from 1 January to 12 August 1776 and with the rank of colonel from 12 August to 31 December 1776. Benedict Arnold had been appointed the colonel of this regiment as of 1 January 1776, but on that date he was serving in Quebec and, on 10 January 1776 he was made a brigadier general in the Continental Army. * The [[:Category:22nd Continental Regiment (1776), Continental Army, American Revolution|22nd Continental Regiment (1776)]] was commanded by Colonel Samuel Wyllys from 1 January to 31 December 1776. '''Named Continental Regiments, 1776''' * [[:Category:Colonel Andrew Ward's Regiment (1776), Continental Army, American Revolution|Colonel Andrew Ward's Regiment (1776)]] Colonel Andrew Ward's regiment was raised in Connecticut, on requisition of the Continental Congress, to serve for one year from May 14, 1776, and stood on the same footing as the other Continental regiments of 1776, expiration of term, May, 1777 * [[:Category:Colonel Charles Burrall's Regiment (1776), Continental Army, American Revolution|Colonel Charles Burrall's Regiment (1776)]] * [[:Category:Colonel Samuel Elmore's Regiment (1776), Continental Army, American Revolution|Colonel Samuel Elmore's Regiment (1776)]] Colonel Samuel Elmore's Regiment was raised under authority of the Continental Congress, to serve for one year from April, 1776, and credited to Connecticut. * [[:Category:Captain John Bigelow's Artillery Company (1776), Continental Army, American Revolution|Captain John Bigelow's Artillery Company (1776)]] The first artillery company raised in Connecticut during the Revolution was an independent organization commanded by Capt. John Bigelow, of Hartford. It was recruited early in 1776 and marched to the Northern Department where it appears to have been accepted as a Continental Co. *Colonel Comfort Sage's Regiment (1776). Raised in 1776, it was a regiment in Wadsworth's Brigade. The regiment served mainly in New York. '''Connecticut Line, 1777''' * The [[:Category:1st Connecticut Regiment (1777), Continental Army, American Revolution|1st Connecticut Regiment (1777)]] was commanded by [[Huntington-824|Colonel Jedediah Huntington]] from 1 January to 12 May 1777. On the latter date, Colonel Huntington became a brigadier general in the Continental Army. He was succeeded, on 27 May 1777, by Colonel Josiah Starr, who served as the regiment's colonel until 1 January 1781. * The [[:Category:2nd Connecticut Regiment (1777), Continental Army, American Revolution|2nd Connecticut Regiment (1777)]] was commanded by Colonel Charles Webb from 1 January 1777 until his resignation on 13 March 1778. The regiment was commanded by Colonel Zebulon Butler from 13 March 1778 to 1 January 1781. * The [[:Category:3rd Connecticut Regiment (1777), Continental Army, American Revolution|3rd Connecticut Regiment (1777)]] was commanded by Colonel Samuel Wyllys from 1 January 1777 to 1 January 1781. * The [[:Category:4th Connecticut Regiment (1777), Continental Army, American Revolution|4th Connecticut Regiment (1777)]] was commanded by Colonel John Durkee from 1 January 1777 to 1 January 1781. Colonel Durkee was wounded at the Battle of Monmouth. * The [[:Category:5th Connecticut Regiment (1777), Continental Army, American Revolution|5th Connecticut Regiment (1777)]] was commanded by Colonel Philip Burr Bradley from 1 January 1777 to 1 January 1781. * The [[:Category:6th Connecticut Regiment (1777), Continental Army, American Revolution|6th Connecticut Regiment (1777)]] was commanded by Colonel William Douglas from 1 January 1777 until his death on 28 May 1777. Colonel Douglas had been an aide de camp to General Wooster, and had been wounded at Harlem Plains on 16 September 1776. The regiment was commanded by Colonel Return Jonathan Meigs from May 1777 until 1 January 1781. * The [[:Category:7th Connecticut Regiment (1777), Continental Army, American Revolution|7th Connecticut Regiment (1777)]] was commanded by Colonel Heman Swift from 1 January 1777 to 1 January 1781. * The [[:Category:8th Connecticut Regiment (1777), Continental Army, American Revolution|8th Connecticut Regiment (1777)]] was commanded by Colonel John Chandler from 1 January 1777 until his resignation on 5 March 1778. He was succeeded on the latter date by Colonel Giles Russell, who died on 28 October 1779. The regiment was commanded by Lieutenant Colonel Isaac Sherman from 28 October 1779 to 1 January 1781. '''Reorganization of the Connecticut Line, 1778-1779''' * On July 24, 1780, [[:Category:S.B. Webb's Additional Continental Regiment (1777), Continental Army, American Revolution|S.B. Webb's Additional Continental Regiment (1777)]] was officially redesignated the [[:Category:9th Connecticut Regiment (1780), Continental Army, American Revolution|9th Connecticut Regiment (1780)]]. '''Reorganization of the Connecticut Line, 1781''' On January 1, 1781, the Connecticut Line was reorganized to consist of five regiments. * The [[:Category:1st Connecticut Regiment (1781), Continental Army, American Revolution|1st Connecticut Regiment (1781)]] was constituted in the Connecticut Line by consolidation of the [[:Category: 3rd Connecticut Regiment (1777), Continental Army, American Revolution| 3rd]] and [[:Category: 4th Connecticut Regiment (1777), Continental Army, American Revolution | 4th]] Connecticut Regiments (1777). The regiment was commanded by Colonel John Durkee from 1 January 1781 until his death on 29 May 1782. He was succeeded by Lieutenant Colonel Thomas Grosvenor from the latter date until 1 January 1783. * The [[:Category:2nd Connecticut Regiment (1781), Continental Army, American Revolution|2nd Connecticut Regiment (1781)]] was constituted in the Connecticut Line by consolidation of the [[:Category: 5th Connecticut Regiment (1777), Continental Army, American Revolution| 5th]] and [[:Category: 7th Connecticut Regiment (1777), Continental Army, American Revolution| 7th]] Connecticut Regiments of 1777. The regiment was commanded by Colonel Heman Swift from 1 January 1781 until June 1783. * The [[:Category:3rd Connecticut Regiment (1781), Continental Army, American Revolution|3rd Connecticut Regiment (1781)]] was constituted in the Connecticut Line by consolidation of the [[:Category: 2nd Connecticut Regiment (1777), Continental Army, American Revolution | 2nd]] and the [[:Category: 9th Connecticut Regiment (1780), Continental Army, American Revolution | 9th]] Connecticut Regiments (1780). The regiment was commanded by Colonel Samuel Blatchley Webb from 1 January 1781 until June 1783. * The [[:Category:4th Connecticut Regiment (1781), Continental Army, American Revolution|4th Connecticut Regiment (1781)]], under this reorganization, was a redesignation of the [[:Category: 6th Connecticut Regiment (1777), Continental Army, American Revolution | 6th Connecticut Regiment (1777)]]. In the reorganization of 1781, Colonel Zebulon Butler transferred from the old 2nd Connecticut Regiment to take command of this regiment. Colonel Butler served as colonel until 1 January 1783. * The [[:Category:5th Connecticut Regiment (1781), Continental Army, American Revolution|5th Connecticut Regiment (1781)]] was constituted in the Connecticut Line by consolidation of the [[:Category: 1st Connecticut Regiment (1777), Continental Army, American Revolution| 1st]] and [[:Category: 8th Connecticut Regiment (1777), Continental Army, American Revolution| 8th]] Connecticut Regiments (1777). The regiment was commanded by Lieutenant Colonel Isaac Sherman from 1 January 1781 to 1 January 1783. '''Research links''' * The Record of Connecticut Men in the Military and Naval Service During the War of the Revolution, 1775-1783 [http://books.google.com/books?id=2c4wvMNji00C&printsec=frontcover#v=onepage&q&f=false Google eBook] See:[[Wikipedia:Category:Connecticut_regiments_of_the_Continental_Army]]

[[Category:US History]] [[Category:American Founding Fathers]] The Constitutional Convention of 1787 was more formally known, at the time, as the Grand Convention at [[:Category:Philadelphia, Pennsylvania|Philadelphia]].this article is based on [[#Wikipedia]] It was a meeting of representatives from [[:Category:Thirteen Colonies|all the original colonies]] -- except [[:Category: Colony of Rhode Island and Providence Plantations|Rhode Island]] -- after independence from Britain. The representatives met to address the problems of the Articles of Confederation, which governed the organization of the American states during the [[:Category:American Revolution|Revolution]]. Many of America's now-famous founding fathers were present, including [[Franklin-1|Benjamin Franklin]], [[Gerry-17|Elbridge Gerry]], [[Hamilton-32|Alexander Hamilton]], [[Morris-5281|Gouverneur Morris]], [[Morris-1548|Robert Morris]], [[Madison-1|James Madison]], [[Mason-2505|George Mason]], [[Pierce-4978|William Pierce]], [[Sherman-395|Roger Sherman]] and [[Wythe-40|George Wythe]]. [[Washington-11|George Washington]] was elected to president. The framework for the Constitution was written by [[Madison-1|James Madison]], and signed by convention delegates on September 17th. [[Shallus-6|Jacob Shallus]] or Shalus (1750–April 18, 1796) was the engrosser or penman of the original copy of the United States Constitution., whose handwritten copy is still on display at the National Archives in Washington, D.C. The end result of the convention was the United States Constitution. === Preamble === "We the People of the United States, in Order to form a more perfect Union, establish Justice, insure domestic Tranquility, provide for the common defence, promote the General Welfare, and secure the Blessings of Liberty to ourselves and our Posterity, do ordain and establish this Constitution for the United States of America." === Related Articles in Wikitree === * [[Space:WikiTree_Genealogy_Guide:_Founding_Fathers|WikiTree Genealogy Guide American Founding Fathers]] == Sources == * [[Wikipedia:Constitutional_Convention_(United_States)]], accessed Mar 13, 2018

[[Category:Green Mountain Boys]] For profiles of Green Mountain Boys, see [[:Category:Green Mountain Boys|the category]]. "Green Mountain Boys, patriot militia in the American Revolution. The Green Mountain Boys began in 1770 at present-day Bennington, Vermont, as an unauthorized militia organized to defend the property rights of local residents who had received land grants from New Hampshire. New York, which then claimed present-day Vermont, disputed New Hampshire’s right to grant land west of the Green Mountains. The Green Mountain Boys stopped sheriffs from enforcing New York laws and terrorized settlers who had New York grants, burning buildings, stealing cattle, and administering occasional floggings with birch rods. The Green Mountain Boys immediately joined the Revolution, and on May 10, 1775, fewer than a hundred of them, under the joint command of Ethan Allen and Benedict Arnold, captured Fort Ticonderoga. Eventually they became part of the Continental Army and served in the abortive offensive against Canada. Reorganized despite an ongoing conflict with New York over jurisdiction, the Green Mountain Boys took the field against General John Burgoyne in 1777, playing central roles at the battles of Hubbardton and Bennington. The latter action, which destroyed a detachment of Burgoyne’s army as it sought to forage for supplies, was crucial to Burgoyne’s eventual defeat. Other Green Mountain Boys, under Allen’s mercurial leadership, continued an internal war against “Yorkers,” a campaign Allen is said by some accounts to have pursued to the point of negotiating for Vermont’s return to British allegiance. His resignation from the Vermont militia in 1781 rendered the subject moot, and Vermont in 1791 joined the union as its 14th state."https://www.britannica.com/topic/Green-Mountain-Boys {{Image|file=Putnam-1502.jpg| |caption= Muster Roll of Major John Brown's Detachment of New Hampshire, Massachusetts and Vermont Militia, which was part of Captain Elijah Babcock's Company of the Green Mountain Boys, dated Feb. 12, 1776, near Quebec, Canada. }} ==Sources== More information: * [http://threerivershms.com/nylinegrnmtn.htm Roster] * [https://www.ethanallenhomestead.org/green-mountain-boys.html Who Were the Green Mountain Boys?] Published by The Ethan Allen Homestead Museum

[[Category:Lochry's Defeat]] Lochry's Defeat, also known as the Lochry massacre, was a battle fought on August 24, 1781, near present-day Aurora, Indiana, in the United States. The battle was part of the American Revolutionary War (1775–1783). - [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lochry's_Defeat Wikipedia]] ---- Persons identified by British documents as participating in a battle known as Lochry's Defeat. I have stricken the names already identified. '''Killed''' *Col. Archibald Lochrey *Capt. William Campbell *Ens. Ephraim Ralph *Ens. Ralph(?) Maxwell *Ens. Cahill *Sergt. Galaher *Sergt. Evens *Sergt. Ebenezer Burris (accidental self-inflicted knife wound) *Sergt. Forsyth *Sergt. James Black *Sergt. Allison *Corp. Paton *John Gibson *John Young *Robt. Dongan *John Straiton *John Burns *William Hudson *John Pheasant (probably Pershing) *Zenis Hardon *John Milligan *John Corn *Mathew Lamb *Joseph Baily *John Smith *Wm. Cain *Adam Erwin *Peter McLin *Archibald Askin *David Ellinger *George Butcher *Peter Berkman *Josia Brooks *John Row *Jonas Peter *J. McRight *John McKimbyThere might be a discrepancy with the record. John McKinley was present burned at the stake with Colonel Crawford. '''Prisoners''' *Major Craigcraft *Capt. Stokly *Cap. Orr (Robert Orr, Wash. Twp.) *Cap. Shannon (Donegal Twp.) *Lt. RobinsonSAR Application 50794 has is in regards to Joseph Robinson. This is a different Joseph Robinson, but has the payment to Lt. John Scott, Adjunct John Guthrie, and Lt. Joseph Robinson after their escape from Canada. *Lt. Isaac Anderson *Lt. Craig* *Lt. Scott *Lt. (Malikia) Baker *Ens. Hunter *Ens. GuthrieAdjunct in another list *Qr. Mr. Wallace (William or Richard Wallace)* *Sergt. Trimble *Sergt. McCloud *Patrick Johnson *Richard Fleming *Robert Watson *Abn Anderson *Mcl Hare *Wm. Mars *John Sense *Mcl MillerCould be the son of Robert Miller who died in 1775. *Patrick Murphy *Jas. Cain (should be Kean) *Jas. McPherson *Wm. Martial *Peter Conoly *John Farrell *Denis McCarthy *Solomon Atkill *John Lavear *Mathias Fisher *George Dice *John Porter *John Smith *Adam Owing *Saml Le Fever *John Hunter *Joseph Erwin *Manassa Coyl *Hugh Steer *John Cat *Valantine Lawrence *Jacob Lawrence *Christian Fast *Charles McLin *William Noach *Henry France *Abm Highly *George Mason *Wm. Witherenton *Eairy Cuighly *Thos. James *Thos. Atkinson *John Stackhouse *Wm. Clark *Elishia Risley *James Dunseith *Danl. Cain *Wm. Think *Robert Wilson *Isaac Lewis *Alex Burns *Hugh More *George Bailey *James Dougherty == Sources == * http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Archibald_Lochry * http://boards.ancestry.com/thread.aspx?mv=flat&m=803&p=topics.Military.amerrev.general * http://books.google.com/books?id=b040AQAAMAAJ&pg=PA73&lpg=PA73&dq=hugh+gallagher,+lochry&source=bl&ots=3C1a2_k1xX&sig=0QPHdQufx2jwSpvGL1KScPyTpxc&hl=en&sa=X&ei=d2PGUqz9MYXboAThkYHoCA&ved=0CC8Q6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=hugh%20gallagher%2C%20lochry&f=false

[[Category: Maryland and Virginia Rifle Regiment (1776), Continental Army, American Revolution]] See: [[:Category: Maryland and Virginia Rifle Regiment (1776), Continental Army, American Revolution|the category]] for profiles. The Maryland and Virginia Rifle Regiment, most commonly known as Rawlings' Regiment in period documents, was organized in June 1776 as a specialized light infantry unit of riflemen in the Continental Army during the American Revolutionary War. The American rifle units complemented the predominant, musket-equipped, line infantry forces of the war with their long-range marksmanship capability and were typically deployed with the line infantry as forward skirmishers and flanking elements. Scouting, escort, and outpost duties were also routine. The rifle units' battle formation was not nearly as structured as that of the line infantry units, which employed short-range massed firing in ordered linear formations. The riflemen could therefore respond with more adaptability to changing battle conditions. The Maryland and Virginia Rifle Regiment consisted of nine companies—four from Maryland and five from Virginia. The two-state composition of the new unit precluded it from being managed through a single state government, and it was therefore directly responsible to national authority as an Extra Continental regiment. Because most of the newly formed regiment surrendered to British and German forces at the Battle of Fort Washington on November 16, 1776, the service history of the unit's surviving element is complex. Although modern and contemporaneous accounts of the battle convey the impression that it marked the end of the regiment as a combat entity, a significant portion of the unit continued to serve actively in the Continental Army throughout most of the remainder of the war. Elements of the regiment served with George Washington's Main Army and participated in the army's major engagements of late 1776 through 1778. Select members of the regiment were also attached to Col. Daniel Morgan's elite Provisional Rifle Corps at its inception in mid-1777. The Maryland and Virginia Rifle Regiment was reorganized in January 1779 and was initially stationed at Fort Pitt, headquarters of the Continental Army's Western Department, in present-day western Pennsylvania primarily to help in the defense of frontier settlements from Indian raids. The unit was disbanded with all other Additional and Extra Continental regiments during the reorganization of the Continental Army in January 1781. It was the longest serving Continental Army rifle unit of the war.[[Wikipedia:Maryland_and_Virginia_Rifle_Regiment]] '''Maryland and Virginia Rifle Regiment''' :Active: June 17, 1776 – January 1, 1781: organized June 17, 1776; reorganized January 23, 1779; disbanded January 1, 1781 :Country: United States of America :Branch: Continental Army :Type: Light Infantry :Size: ~420 officers and enlisted men in late 1776, 52 officers and enlisted men in late 1780 :Garrison/HQ: Fort Lee, Fort Washington, Fort Frederick, Fort Pitt :Nickname: Stephenson's Rifle Regiment, Rawlings' (or Rawlins') Regiment, Maryland Corps, Maryland Rifle Corps, Maryland Independent Corps '''Engagements''' :[[:Category:Battle of Fort Washington|Battle of Fort Washington]] :[[:Category:Battle of Trenton|Battle of Trenton]] :[[:Category:Battle of Princeton|Battle of Princeton]] :Philadelphia Campaign ::[[:Category:Battle of Brandywine Creek|Battle of Brandywine]] ::[[:Category:Battle of Germantown|Battle of Germantown]] :[[:Category:Battle of Monmouth|Battle of Monmouth]] :Brodhead Campaign :Detached elements participated in the [[:Category:Battle of Saratoga|Battles of Saratoga]], Butler Campaign, and [[:Category:Sullivan Expedition|Sullivan Campaign]]. '''Commanders''' :First Commander: Col. Hugh Stephenson (June – September 1776) :Second Commander: Lt. Col. Moses Rawlings (September 1776 – June 1779) :Final Commanders: Capt. Thomas Beall (June 1779 – October 1780), Capt. Adamson Tannehill (October 1780 – January 1781) '''Images''' * [http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Riflemen_at_Saratoga.jpg/1280px-Riflemen_at_Saratoga.jpg Continental Army riflemen skirmishing with enemy troops at the Battle of Saratoga]. Painting by H. Charles McBarron, Jr. * [http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d0/Fort_Frederick%2C_Hagerstown_vicinity_%28Washington_County%2C_Maryland%29.jpg Fort Frederick] near present-day Hagerstown, western Maryland, as it appeared during the American Revolution. * [http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c1/Fort_Pitt_in_1776.jpg Fort Pitt] during the American Revolution, located at what is now Pittsburgh, southwestern Pennsylvania

*[[Project:1776|Back to 1776 Project Page]] *[https://www.wikitree.com/index.php?title=Space:1776_Project_Resource_Page&public=1 Back to 1776 Project Resource Page] [[Image:Cooper-1.jpg||150px]] {{Red|Massachusetts soldiers and sailors of the Revolutionary War, Wright & Potter Printing Company, Boston, 1896. Seventeen volumes}} [https://archive.org/details/masssoldiers17bostrich archives] *[https://archive.org/details/massachusettssol00mass Volume I] A-Bery
*[https://archive.org/details/massachusettssol1896mass Volume II] Bese-Byxbe
*[https://archive.org/details/massachusettssolccormass Volume III] Caal-Cory
*[https://archive.org/details/massachusettssolcdrymass Volume IV] Cose-Dryer
*[https://archive.org/details/massachusettssoldfoymass Volume V] Duarell-Foys
*[https://archive.org/details/massachusettssolfgypmass Volume VI] Frauer-Gypson
*[https://archive.org/details/massachusettssolhhixmass Volume VII] Haagg-Hixson
*[https://archive.org/details/masssoldiers08bostrich Volume VIII] Hmlen-Jypson
*[https://archive.org/details/massachusettssolklsumass Volume XI] Kable-Lsubon
*[https://archive.org/details/massachusettssollmopmass Volume X] Luaas-Mopsy
*[https://archive.org/details/massachusettssolmpazmass Volume XI] Mor-Pazel
*[https://archive.org/details/massachusettssolprazmass Volume XII] Peabadey-Razey
*[https://archive.org/details/masssoldiers13bostrich Volume XIII] Rea-Seymr
*[https://archive.org/details/massachusettssolssthmass Volume XIV] Sha-Sthenfield
*[https://archive.org/details/massachusettssolstozmass Volume XV] Stibbens-Tozer
*[https://archive.org/details/massachusettssoltwhemass Volume XVI] Tracey-Wheylon
*[https://archive.org/details/masssoldiers17bostrich Volume XVII] Whicher-Zyranius

[[Category: New Jersey Line, American Revolution]] The New Jersey Line was a formation within the Continental Army. The term "New Jersey Line" referred to the quota of numbered infantry regiments assigned to New Jersey at various times by the Continental Congress. These, together with similar contingents from the other twelve states, formed the Continental Line. The concept was particularly important in relation to the promotion of commissioned officers. Officers of the Continental Army below the rank of brigadier general were ordinarily ineligible for promotion except in the line of their own state. Not all Continental infantry regiments raised in a state were part of a state quota, however. On December 27, 1776, the Continental Congress gave Washington temporary control over certain military decisions that the Congress ordinarily regarded as its own prerogative. These “dictatorial powers” included the authority to raise sixteen additional Continental infantry regiments at large. Early in 1777, Washington offered command of one of these additional regiments to David Forman of New Jersey, who accepted. Forman had formerly been a New Jersey militia leader. Washington also offered command of an additional regiment to Oliver Spencer of New Jersey, who accepted. In 1776, Spencer had also served in the New Jersey militia. Spencer’s Regiment was unofficially designated the “5th New Jersey Regiment.” One company was recruited in Pennsylvania, however. Patton's Additional Continental Regiment was also partially drawn from New Jersey. Still other Continental infantry regiments and smaller units, also unrelated to a state quota, were raised as needed for special or temporary service. Under the command of Brigadier General William Maxwell, it was also known as "Maxwell's brigade" or simply, the "Jersey Line." As with preceding military units from New Jersey, the regiments that comprised the New Jersey Line were often referred to as the "Jersey Blues." [[Wikipedia:New_Jersey_Line]] '''New Jersey Line, 1776''' The first two regiments were authorized by Congress on October 9, 1775. The Third New Jersey Regiment was authorized on January 1, 1776. '''New Jersey Line, 1777''' Forman's Additional Continental Regiment, under the command of Colonel David Forman, was authorized on September 16, 1776. Another unit, known formally as Spencer's Additional Continental Regiment, under the command of Colonel Oliver Spencer, was sometimes referred to as the Fifth New Jersey Regiment. Neither unit was ever allotted to the New Jersey Line although they contained a large proportion of troops from New Jersey.

[[Category:Province of New York Military History]] [[Category:Province of New York]][[Category:New York History]][[Category:New York, American Revolution]][[Category:New York]] The following is a list of New York Units in the American Revolutionary War: {| border="1" align="center" class="wikitable sortable" style="font-style:; font-size:100%; border: 3px Solid Blue;" |- !Branch !Unit Category !Commander !Roster (active) |- |Continental Line |[[:Category:1st New York Regiment, Continental Army, American Revolution]] |[[Van_Schaick-169|Van Schaick, Goose, Col]] |[http://threerivershms.com/nylinefirst.htm Roster] 1775-1783 |- |Continental Line |[[:Category:2nd New York Regiment, Continental Army, American Revolution]] |[[Van_Cortlandt-56|Van Cortland, Philip Col]] |[http://threerivershms.com/nylinesecond.htm Roster] 1775-1783 |- |Continental Line |[[:Category:3rd New York Regiment, Continental Army, American Revolution]] |[[Clinton-146|Clinton, James Col]]; Gansevort, Peter, Col |[http://threerivershms.com/nylinethird.htm Roster] 1775-1780 |- |Continental Line |[[:Category:4th New York Regiment, Continental Army, American Revolution]] |Holmes, James Col; Livingston, Henry B. Col |[http://threerivershms.com/nylinefourth.htm Roster] |- |Continental Line |[[:Category:5th New York Regiment, Continental Army, American Revolution]] |DuBois/Duboys, Lewis Col; Willett, Marinus Col |[http://threerivershms.com/nylinefifth.htm Roster] 1777-1781 |- |Continental Line |[[:Category:Additional New York Regiment, Continental Army, American Revolution]] (Battalion) |Livingston, James Col |[http://threerivershms.com/nylineaddtl.htm Roster] |- |Continental Line |[[:Category: Green Mountain Boys]] |Allen, Ethan Col; (Major Brown's Detachment) |[http://threerivershms.com/nylinegrnmtn.htm Roster] |- |Contenental Line |Additional Corps, More Smaller units |Hazen, Moses Col |[http://threerivershms.com/nymore.htm Roster] |- |New York Levies |[[:Category:New York Levies, New York Militia, American Revolution]] | |[http://threerivershms.com/nyleviesmisc.htm Roster] |- |New York Levies |[[:Category:The Levies (Harper), New York Militia, American Revolution]] |Harper, John Col |[http://threerivershms.com/nyrevleviesharper.htm Roster] |- |New York Levies |[[:Category:The Levies (Weissenfels), New York Militia, American Revolution]] |Weissenfels, Frederick Col |[http://threerivershms.com/nyrevleviesweissenfels.htm Roster] |- |New York Levies |[[:Category: 1st Regiment of Levies, New York Militia, American Revolution]] (Malcolm) |Malcolm, William Col |[http://threerivershms.com/nyleviesmalcom.htm Roster] 1780–81 |- |New York Levies |[[:Category:The Levies (Dubois), New York Militia, American Revolution]] |Dubois, Lewis Col |[http://threerivershms.com/nyleviesdubois.htm Roster] 1780 |- |New York Levies |[[:Category:The Levies (Graham), New York Militia, American Revolution]] |Graham, Morris Col |[http://threerivershms.com/nyleviesgraham.htm Roster] |- |New York Levies |[[:Category:The Levies (Pawling), New York Militia, American Revolution]] |Pawling, Albert Col |[http://threerivershms.com/nyleviespawling.htm Roster] |- |New York Levies |5th Regiment [[:Category: Willett's Regiment of Levies, New York Militia, American Revolution]] |Willett, Marinus Col[[#Willet]] |[http://threerivershms.com/nylevieswillett.htm Roster] |- |Albany County Militia |[[:Category: Albany County, New York Militia, American Revolution]] | - | - |- |Albany County Militia |[[:Category: 1st Regiment, Albany County Militia, New York Militia, American Revolution]] |Cuyler, Abraham Col; Lansing, Jacob, Jr. Col; Price, John Maj |[http://threerivershms.com/nymilitiaalbany1.htm Roster] 1881-1883 |- |Albany County Militia |[[:Category: 2nd Regiment, Albany County Militia, New York Militia, American Revolution]] |Wemple, Abraham Col |[http://threerivershms.com/nymilitiaalbany2.htm Roster] |- |Albany County Militia |[[:Category: 3rd Regiment, Albany County Militia, New York Militia, American Revolution]] |Schuyler, Philip P. Col |[http://threerivershms.com/nymilitiaalbany3.htm Roster] |- |Albany County Militia |[[:Category: 4th Regiment, Albany County Militia, New York Militia, American Revolution]] |Van Rensselaer, Killan Col |[http://threerivershms.com/nymilitiaalbany4.htm Roster]| |- |Albany County Militia |[[:Category:5th Regiment, Albany County Militia, New York Militia, American Revolution]] |Van Den Bergh, Gerrit G. Col |[http://threerivershms.com/nymilitiaalbany5.htm Roster] |- |Albany County Militia |[[:Category:6th Regiment, Albany County Militia, New York Militia, American Revolution]] |Schuyler, Stephen John Col |[http://threerivershms.com/nymilitiaalbany6.htm Roster] |- |Albany County Militia |[[:Category:7th Regiment, Albany County Militia, New York Militia, American Revolution]] |Van Alstine, Abraham J. Col |[http://threerivershms.com/nymilitiaalbany7.htm Roster] |- |Albany County Militia |[[:Category: 8th Regiment, Albany County Militia, New York Militia, American Revolution]] |Van Rensselaer, Robert Col |[http://threerivershms.com/nymilitiaalbany8.htm Roster] |- |Albany County Milita |[[:Category:9th Regiment, Albany County Militia, New York Militia, American Revolution]] |Van Ness, Peter Col |[http://threerivershms.com/nymilitiaalbany9.htm Roster] |- |Albany County Militia |[[:Category: 10th Regiment, Albany County Militia, New York Militia, American Revolution]] |Graham, Morris Col |[http://threerivershms.com/nymilitiaalbany10.htm Roster] |- |Albany County Militia |[[:Category:11th Regiment, Albany County Militia, New York Militia, American Revolution]] |Van Bergen, Anthony Col |[http://threerivershms.com/nymilitiaalbany11.htm Roster] |- |Albany County Militia |[[:Category:12th Regiment, Albany County Militia, New York Militia, American Revolution]] |Van Schoonhoven, Jacobus Col |[http://threerivershms.com/nymilitiaalbany12.htm Roster] |- |Albany County Militia |[[:Category:13th Regiment, Albany County Militia, New York Militia, American Revolution]] |McCrea, John Col |[http://threerivershms.com/nymilitiaalbany13.htm Roster] |- |Albany County Milita |[[:Category: 14th Regiment, Albany County Militia, New York Militia, American Revolution]] |Knickerbacker, John Col |[http://threerivershms.com/nymilitiaalbany14.htm Roster] |- |Albany County Militia |[[:Category:15th Regiment, Albany County Militia, New York Militia, American Revolution]] |Vroman, Peter Col |[http://threerivershms.com/nymilitiaalbany15.htm Roster] |- |Albany County Militia |[[:Category: 16th Regiment, Albany County Militia, New York Militia, American Revolution]] |Blair, John Col |[http://threerivershms.com/nymilitiaalbany16.htm Roster] |- |Albany County Militia |[[:Category: 17th Regiment, Albany County Militia, New York Militia, American Revolution]] |Whiting, William B. Col |[http://threerivershms.com/nymilitiaalbany17.htm Roster] |- |Albany County Militia |[[:Category:Independent Company, Albany County Militia, New York Militia, American Revolution]] |Van Gaasbeck, Petrus Capt |[http://threerivershms.com/nyrevindep.htm Roster] |- |Charlotte County Militia |[[:Category:Charlotte County New York Militia, American Revolution]] |Williams, John Col (Doctor) |[http://threerivershms.com/nyrevcharcumb.pdf Roster] |- |Cumberland |[[:Category:Cumberland County New York Militia, American Revolution]] |Williams, William Col |[http://threerivershms.com/nyrevcharcumb.pdf Roster] |- |Dutchess County Militia |[[:Category:Dutchess County New York Militia, American Revolution]] | | - |- |Dutchess County Militia |[[:Category:2nd Regiment, Dutchess County Militia, New York Militia, American Revolution]] |Brinkerhoff, Abraham Col |[http://threerivershms.com/nyrevdut-2.pdf Roster] 1777 |- |- |Dutchess County Militia |[[:Category: 3rd Regiment, Dutchess County Militia, New York Militia, American Revolution]] |Field, John Col |[http://threerivershms.com/nyrevdut-3.pdf Roster] 1777-1780 |- |Dutchess County Militia |[[:Category:4th Regiment, Dutchess County Militia, New York Militia, American Revolution]] |Frear, John Col |[http://threerivershms.com/nyrevdut-4.pdf Roster] |- |Dutchess County Militia |[[:Category:5th Regiment, Dutchess County Militia, New York Militia, American Revolution]] [[:Category: Humphrey's Regiment of Militia, 1776-77, New York Militia, American Revolution]] (duplicate) |Humfrey, William Col |[http://threerivershms.com/nyrevdut-5.pdf Roster] |- |Dutchess County Militia |[[:Category:6th Regiment, Dutchess County Militia, New York Militia, American Revolution]] |Graham, Morris Col |[http://threerivershms.com/nyrevdut-6.pdf Roster] |- |Dutchess County Militia |[[:Category:7th Regiment, Dutchess County Militia, New York Militia, American Revolution]] |Ludenton, Henry Col |[http://threerivershms.com/nyrevdut-7.pdf Roster] |- |Dutchess County Militia |Dutchess County Militia (Associated Exempts) |Platt, Zephaniah Col |[http://threerivershms.com/nyrevdut-aexmp.pdf Roster] |- |Dutchess County Militia |[[:Category:Cooper's Rangers, Dutchess County Militia, New York Militia, American Revolution]] |Cooper, Ezekiel Capt |[http://threerivershms.com/nyrev-minmen.pdf Roster] |- |Dutchess County Militia |[[:Category: Colonel Swartwout's Regiment of Minutemen, Dutchess County Militia, New York Militia, American Revolution]] |Swartwout, Jacobus Col |[http://threerivershms.com/nyrev-minmen.pdf Roster] |- |Orange County Militia |[[:Category:Orange County New York Militia, American Revolution]] | - | - |- |Orange County Militia |[[:Category:1st Regiment, Orange County Militia, New York Militia, American Revolution]] |Woodhull, Jesse Col |[http://threerivershms.com/nyrevrorange1-2.pdf Roster] 1776 |- |Orange County Militia |[[:Category:2nd Regiment, Orange County Militia, New York Militia, American Revolution]] |Hay, Ann Hawk Col |[http://threerivershms.com/nyrevrorange1-2.pdf Roster] 1778–80 |- |Orange County Militia |[[:Category:3rd Regiment, Orange County Militia, New York Militia, American Revolution]] |Allison, William Col |[http://threerivershms.com/nyrevrorange3-4.pdf Roster] 1775–78 |- |Orange County Militia |4th Regiment, Orange County Militia, New York Militia, American Revolution |Hathorn, John Col |[http://threerivershms.com/nyrevrorange3-4.pdf Roster] 1777–81 |- |Orange County Militia |[[:Category:Associated Exempts, Orange County Militia, New York Militia, American Revolution]] |Wood, John Capt |[http://threerivershms.com/nyrevrorange3-4.pdf Roster] |- |Ulster County Militia |[[:Category:Ulster County New York Militia, American Revolution]] | - | - |- |Ulster County Militia |[[:Category:1st Regiment, Ulster County Militia, New York Militia, American Revolution]] |Snyder, Johannes Col |[http://threerivershms.com/nyrevulster-1.pdf Roster] |- |Ulster County Militia |[[:Category:2nd Regiment, Ulster County Militia, New York Militia, American Revolution]] |McClaghry, James Col |[http://threerivershms.com/nyrevulster-2.pdf Roster] |- |Ulster County Militia |[[:Category:3rd Regiment, Ulster County Militia, New York Militia, American Revolution]] |Pawling, Levi Col |[http://threerivershms.com/nyrevulster-3.pdf Roster] |- |Ulster County Militia |[[:Category: 4th Regiment, Ulster County, New York Militia, American Revolution]] |Hardenburgh, Johannes Col |[http://threerivershms.com/nyrevulster-4.pdf Roster] 1776 |- |Ulster County Militia |[[:Category:Independent Company, Ulster County New York Militia, American Revolution]] |Clark, Samuel Capt |[http://threerivershms.com/nyrevulster-ind.pdf Roster] |- |Ulster County Militia |[[:Category:Light Horse, Ulster County New York Militia, American Revolution]] |Salisbury Capt |[http://threerivershms.com/nyrevulster-ind.pdf Roster] |- |Ulster County Militia |[[:Category:Rangers, Ulster County New York Militia, American Revolution]] |Belkhap, Isaac Capt |[http://threerivershms.com/nyrevulster-ind.pdf Roster] |- |Suffolk County Militia |[[:Category: Suffolk County, New York Militia, American Revolution]] | - | - |- |Suffolk County Militia |[[:Category:1st Regiment, Suffolk County Militia, New York Militia, American Revolution]] |Smith, Josiah Col |[http://threerivershms.com/myrevsuffolk.pdf Roster] |- |Suffolk County Militia |[[:Category:3rd Regiment, Suffolk County Militia, New York Militia, American Revolution]] |Terry, Thomas Col |[http://threerivershms.com/myrevsuffolk.pdf Roster] |- |Suffolk County Militia |[[:Category:Minutemen Regiment, Suffolk County Militia, New York Militia, American Revolution]] |Mulford, David Col |[http://threerivershms.com/myrevsuffolk.pdf Roster] |- |Westchester County Militia |[[:Category:Westchester County New York Militia, American Revolution]] | - | - |- |Westchester County Militia |[[:Category:1st Regiment, Westchester County Militia, New York Militia, American Revolution]] |Drake, Joseph Col |[http://threerivershms.com/nyrevwest-1.pdf Roster] |- |Westchester County Militia |[[:Category:2nd Regiment, Westchester County Militia, New York Militia, American Revolution]] |Thomas, Thomas Col |[http://threerivershms.com/nyrevwest-2.pdf Roster] |- |Westchester County Militia |[[:Category:3rd Regiment, Westchester County Militia, New York Militia, American Revolution]] |Van Cortlandt, Pierre Col |[http://threerivershms.com/nyrevwest-3.pdf Roster] |- |Westchester County Militia |[[:Category:4th Regiment, Westchester County Militia, New York Militia, American Revolution]] |Crane, Thaddeus Col |[http://threerivershms.com/nyrevwest-4.pdf Roster] 1779-1781 |- |Westchester County Militia |[[:Category:Associated Exempts, Westchester County Militia, New York Militia, American Revolution]] |Benedict, Joseph Col |[http://threerivershms.com/nyrevwest-exmpt.pdf Roster] 1780-81 |- |Westchester County Militia |[[:Category:Separate Exempts, Westchester County Militia, New York Militia, American Revolution]] |Horton, Jonathan Capt |[http://threerivershms.com/nyrevwest-exmpt.pdf Roster] |- |Tryon County Militia |[[:Category:Tryon County New York Militia, American Revolution]] | - | - |- |Tryon County Militia |[[:Category:1st Regiment, Tryon County Militia, New York Militia, American Revolution]] |[[Campbell-9792|Campbell, Samuel Col]] |[http://threerivershms.com/nyrevtryon1.htm Roster] |- |Tryon County Militia |[[:Category:2nd Regiment, Tryon County Militia, New York Militia, American Revolution]] |[[Klock-146|Klock, Jacob Col]] |[http://threerivershms.com/nyrevtryon2.htm Roster] |- |Tryon County Militia |[[:Category:3rd Regiment, Tryon County Militia, New York Militia, American Revolution]] and [[:Category:Fisher's Regiment, New York Militia, American Revolution]] (duplicate, should be deleted) |Fisher, Frederick Col |[http://threerivershms.com/nyrevtryon3.htm Roster] 1775-1781 |- |Tryon County Militia |[[:Category:4th Regiment, Tryon County Militia, New York Militia, American Revolution]] |[[Bellinger-59|Bellinger, Peter Col]] |[http://threerivershms.com/nyrevtryon4.htm Roster] |- |Tryon County Militia |[[:Category:5th Regiment, Tryon County Militia, New York Militia, American Revolution]] |Harper, John Col |[http://threerivershms.com/nyrevtryon5.htm Roster] 1779 |- |Tryon County Militia |[[:Category:Minutemen Battalion, Tryon County Militia, New York Militia, American Revolution]] |[[Campbell-9792|Campbell, Samuel Col]] |[http://threerivershms.com/nyrevtryonmin.htm Roster] 1776–82 |- |Tryon County Militia |[[:Category:Associated Exempts, Tryon County Militia, New York Militia, American Revolution]] |Fonda, Jellis Capt |[http://threerivershms.com/nyrevtryonexempts.htm Roster] |- |Tryon County Militia |[[:Category:Rangers, Tryon County Militia, New York Militia, American Revolution]] |Winn, John Capt |[http://threerivershms.com/nyrevrangers.htm Roster] |- |New York Militia | * Colonel John Lasher's Regiment * Colonel John Nicholson's Regiment * Colonel Cornelius D. Wynkoop's Regiment * Maj John Wheellock's Regiment * Fondey's Party * Bradt's Rangers * Reilay's Rangers | |[http://threerivershms.com/nyrevmisc.pdf Roster] |} == Officers == * Captain, Major, Lieutenant-Colonel, Colonel and Acting Brigadier General Marinus Willett was a gallant officer. He held many commands and his promotions were rapid. In 1775-6 he was a Captain in Colonel Alexander McDougal's Regiment, 1st N. Y. Line. On April 27, 1776, the Provincial Congress recommended him to the Continental Congress for Major of the same Regiment. In November of the same year he was recommended for Lieutenant- Colonel of the 3d Line, and in July, 1780, he was made Lieutenant-Colonel Commandant of the 5th Regiment of the Line. In 1781, as Lieutenant-Colonel, he commanded a Regiment of Levies, and in 1782 was made full Colonel of still another Regiment of Levies, After the death of General Nicholas Herkimer, Colonel Willett commanded the Tryon Co. Militia as Acting Brigadier General, and in the battles of Johnstown and Caughnawaga defeated the enemy most signally. == Sources == * Three Rivers, History From America's Most Famous Valleys, New York In The Revolution as Colony and State, by James A. Roberts, Comptroller, Compiled by Frederic G. Mather, Second Edition 1898; Two Volumes [http://threerivershms.com/nyrev.htm Link] * [[Wikipedia:List of United States militia units in the American Revolutionary War]] * [https://revolutionarywar.us/continental-army/newyork/#.WzpKU_ZFxok Revolutionary War] New York * [https://archive.org/stream/newyorkinrevolut02newyuoft/newyorkinrevolut02newyuoft_djvu.txt New York in the Revolution as Colony and State], A Compilation of Records from the State Comptroller, Albany, New York, Compiled by James A. Roberts, published in two volumes, 1 Sep 1889, pdf

[[Category: New York Militia, American Revolution]] This is a list of the state militia units for New York in the American Revolution. See [[Category: New York Militia, American Revolution|the category]] for profiles and units. *1st Battalion Grenadiers and Light Infantry, 1776 *[[:Category: 1st Regiment of Levies, New York Militia, American Revolution |1st Regiment of Levies]], 1780–81 commanded by Colonel William Malcom *3rd Regiment of Levies, 1780–83 *Allison's Regiment of Militia, 1775–78 [[:Category:3rd Regiment, Orange County Militia, New York Militia, American Revolution]] *Benedict's Regiment of Militia, 1780–81 [[:Category:Associated Exempts, Westchester County Militia, New York Militia, American Revolution]] *Brinkerhoff's Regiment of Militia, 1777 [[:Category:2nd Regiment, Dutchess County Militia, New York Militia, American Revolution]] *Budd's Regiment of Militia, 1776 * Campbell's Battalion of Minutemen [[:Category: Minutemen Battalion, Tryon County Militia, New York Militia, American Revolution|Minutemen Battalion, Tryon County Militia, New York Militia, American Revolution]] 1776–82 *Cantine's Regiment of Militia Levies, 1778–79 *Church's Regiment of Militia 1776 *Clyde's Regiment of Militia, 1779–83 *Cooper's Regiment [[:Category:Cooper's Rangers, Dutchess County Militia, New York Militia, American Revolution]] *Crane's Regiment of Militia [[:Category:4th Regiment, Westchester County Militia, New York Militia, American Revolution]] 1779–81 *Cuyler's Regiment of Militia [[:Category: 1st Regiment, Albany County Militia, New York Militia, American Revolution|1st Regiment, Albany County Militia, New York Militia, American Revolution]] 1781–83 *Drake's (Joseph) Regiment of Militia [[:Category:1st Regiment, Westchester County Militia, New York Militia, American Revolution]] 1776 *[[:Category: Drake's (Samuel) Regiment of Militia, 1776-77, New York Militia, American Revolution|Drake's (Samuel) Regiment of Militia, 1776–77]] *DuBois' Regiment of Levies [[:Category:The Levies (Dubois), New York Militia, American Revolution]] 1780 *Field's Regiment of Militia [[:Category: 3rd Regiment, Dutchess County Militia, New York Militia, American Revolution]] 1777–80 * Fisher's Regiment of Militia [[:Category: 3rd Regiment, Tryon County Militia, New York Militia, American Revolution| 3rd Regiment, Tryon County Militia, American Revolution]] 1775–81 *Freer's Regiment of Militia, 1777–79 *Golden's Company of Militia, 1776 * Graham's Regiment of Militia [[:Category: 10th Regiment, Albany County Militia, New York Militia, American Revolution|10th Regiment, Albany County Militia, New York Militia, American Revolution]] 1777–79 *Hamman's Regiment of Militia, 1777–82 * Hardenburgh's Regiment of Militia [[:Category: 4th Regiment, Ulster County, New York Militia, American Revolution|4th Regiment, Ulster County, New York Militia, American Revolution]] 1776 * Harper's Regiment of Militia [[:Category: 5th Regiment, Tryon County Militia, New York Militia, American Revolution|5th Regiment, Tryon County Militia, New York Militia, American Revolution]] 1779 *Hasbrouck's Regiment of Militia, 1777 *Hathorn's Regiment of Militia, 1777–81 *Hay's Regiment of Militia, 1778–80 [[:Category: 2nd Regiment, Orange County Militia, New York Militia, American Revolution|2nd Regiment, Orange County Militia, New York Militia, American Revolution]] *Hearts of Oak (New York militia), 1775 *[[:Category: Hopkins' Regiment of Militia, American Revolution | Hopkins' Regiment of Militia, 1779]] *Humphrey's Regiment of Militia, 1776–77 *[[:Category: Jansen's Regiment of Militia, American Revolution| Jansen's Regiment of Militia, 1779–82]] *Lansing's Detachment of Militia, 1777 *Livingston's Regiment of Militia, 1777–81 *[[:Category:Ludington's Regiment of Militia, American Revolution|Ludington's Regiment of Militia, 1777–80]] * McCrea's Regiment [[:Category: 13th Regiment, Albany County Militia, New York Militia, American Revolution|13th Regiment, Albany County Militia, New York Militia, American Revolution]] 1779 *Morrison co. Militia,1776 *New York Provincial Company of Artillery, 1776 *Nicholson's Regiment, 1776 *Nicoll's Regiment of Levies, 1776 *Palmer's Regiment of Militia, 1776 *Pawling's Regiment of Levies and Militia, 1779–81 *Pawling's Regiment of Militia, 1776–77 *Poughkeepsie Invincibles, {4th Duchess County regiment, New York Militia} *Quackenbos' Regiment of Militia, 1779–80 *Sacket's Westchester County Regiment, 1776 * Schuyler's Regiment [[:Category:5th Regiment, Albany County Militia, New York Militia, American Revolution|5th Regiment, Albany County Militia, New York Militia, American Revolution]] 1777, 1781-82 *Swartwout's Regiment of Militia, 1776 *Snyder's Regiment of Militia, (First Regiment of Ulster County Militia) 1776–82 *Thomas' Battalion or Regiment of Militia, 1776–79 * [[:Category:Tryon County New York Militia, American Revolution|Tryon County New York Militia, American Revolution]] * Van Alstyne/Alstine's Regiment of Militia [[:Category: 7th Regiment, Albany County Militia, New York Militia, American Revolution|7th Regiment, Albany County Militia, New York Militia, American Revolution]] 1777–81 * Van Bergen's Regiment of Militia [[:Category: 11th Regiment, Albany County Militia, New York Militia, American Revolution|11th Regiment, Albany County Militia, New York Militia, American Revolution]] 1777–80 *Van Brunt's Regiment of Militia, 1776 *Van Cortlandt's Regiment of Militia, 1777 * Vandenbergh's Regiment of Militia [[:Category: 5th Regiment, Albany County Militia, New York Militia, American Revolution|5th Regiment, Albany County Militia, New York Militia, American Revolution]] 1777, 1778 * Van Ness' Regiment of Militia [[:Category: 9th Regiment, Albany County Militia, New York Militia, American Revolution|9th Regiment, Albany County Militia, New York Militia, American Revolution]] 1777–80 * Van Rensselaer's Regiment [[:Category: 4th Regiment, Albany County Militia, New York Militia, American Revolution|4th Regiment, Albany County Militia, New York Militia, American Revolution]] 1779–81 *Van Schaick's Battalion, 1776 * Van Schoonhoven's Regiment of Militia [[:Category: 12th Regiment, Albany County Militia, New York Militia, American Revolution|12th Regiment, Albany County Militia, New York Militia, American Revolution]] 1778–82 *Van Veghten's Regiment of Militia, 1779–80 * Van Woert's (also Blair) Regiment of Militia [[:Category: 16th Regiment, Albany County Militia, New York Militia, American Revolution|Category: 16th Regiment, Albany County Militia, New York Militia, American Revolution]] 1779–80 * Vrooman's Regiment of Militia [[:Category: 15th Regiment, Albany County Militia, New York Militia, American Revolution|15th Regiment, Albany County Militia, New York Militia, American Revolution]] 1779–83 *Webster's Regiment of Militia, 1780–82 *Weissenfels' Regiment of Levies, 1781–82 * Wemple's Regiment of Militia [[:Category: 2nd Regiment, Albany County Militia, New York Militia, American Revolution|2nd Regiment, Albany County Militia, New York Militia, American Revolution]] 1777–80 * Whiting's Regiment of Militia [[:Category: 17th Regiment, Albany County Militia, New York Militia, American Revolution|17th Regiment, Albany County Militia, New York Militia, American Revolution]] 1777–81 * [[:Category: Willett's Regiment of Levies, New York Militia, American Revolution|Willet's Regiment of Levies, New York Militia, American Revolution]] 1781–83 *Williams' Regiment of Militia, 1778–81 *Woodhull's Regiment, 1776 [[:Category:1st Regiment, Orange County Militia, New York Militia, American Revolution|1st Regiment, Orange County Militia, New York Militia, American Revolution]] * Yate's Regiment of Militia (also Knickerbacker) [[:Category: 14th Regiment, Albany County Militia, New York Militia, American Revolution|14th Regiment, Albany County Militia, New York Militia, American Revolution]] 1779–80 Ref: Militia website [https://revolutionarywar.us/continental-army/newyork/ Link], [http://threerivershms.com/nyrev.htm 1898 Rosters]

[[Category: Nova Scotia, American Revolution]] There were rebels in Nova Scotia commanded by Jonathan Eddy that were sympathetic to the revolution. That some were considering Nova Scotia joining the revolution is outlined here. https://newscotland1398.ca/hist/nshistory04.html The individuals that signed the document to Gen Washington include [[Ayer-104|Elijah Ayer]], [[Reynolds-10802|Nathaniel Reynolds]], [[Patton-2679|Mark Patton]], [[Allan-1259|John Allan]], William Lawrence, [[Killam-331|Amasa Killam]], [[Bent-774|Jesse Bent]], [[Maxwell-3267|William Maxwell]], Geo. Forster, Simon Newcomb, Robert Foster, Simeon Chester. Although it can't be certain what role these people took during the attack on Fort Cumberland, we do know that William Maxwell and Elijah Ayer were sent to Maine. Ayer eventually came back and is buried in the area. Maxwell never returned although some children remained. Reynolds died while trying to escape to Maine by canoe. John Allen was charged with treason. He also advised Jonathon Eddy not to attack Fort Cumberland. Most had their lands confiscated. The following is a list of refugees from the battle. many went to Eddington Maine. John Allan, Elijah Ayer, Odidiah Ayer, Anthony Burke, Simeon Chester, Parker Clarke, Edward Cole?, Daniel Earl, John Eckley, Jonathon Eddy, Atwood Fales, Ebenezer Gardner, William How, William Maxwell, Nathaniel Reynolds, Zebulon Roe, Josiah Throop They Planted Well, Ed. Margaret Conrad, pg 40 In addition to the attack on Fort Cumberland, there were also raids in Maugerville and Canso.The Battle of Machias was related. There were also several naval engagements, most notably the Battle of Halifax. See: *https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nova_Scotia_in_the_American_Revolution *https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Allan_(colonel) * https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Machias_(1777) * https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_off_Halifax_(1780) * https://archives.gnb.ca/exhibits/forthavoc/html/nova-scotia-privateers.aspx?culture=en-CA * https://loyalist.lib.unb.ca/sites/default/files/Privateering%20References%20from%20Documents%20of%20the%20American%20Revolution.pdf * https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Collier * https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Blomindon

[[Category: Pennsylvania Line, American Revolution]] ===The Pennsylvania Line=== The Pennsylvania Line was a formation within the Continental Army. The term "Pennsylvania Line" referred to the quota of numbered infantry regiments assigned to Pennsylvania at various times by the Continental Congress. These, together with similar contingents from the other twelve states, formed the Continental Line. The concept was particularly important in relation to the promotion of commissioned officers. Officers of the Continental Army below the rank of brigadier general were ordinarily ineligible for promotion except in the line of their own state. Not all Continental infantry regiments raised in a state were part of a state quota, however. On December 27, 1776, the Continental Congress gave Washington temporary control over certain military decisions that the Congress ordinarily regarded as its own prerogative. These "dictatorial powers" included the authority to raise sixteen additional Continental infantry regiments at large. Early in 1777, Washington offered command of one of these additional regiments to Thomas Hartley of Pennsylvania, who accepted. Hartley had formerly been lieutenant colonel of the 6th Pennsylvania Battalion. Hartley's Additional Continental Regiment was allotted to the Pennsylvania Line on March 27, 1778. On January 13, 1779, it absorbed Patton's Regiment and was designated the 11th Pennsylvania Regiment. The latter was called the "New Eleventh Pennsylvania Regiment" as the original 11th Pennsylvania Regiment had been consolidated with the 10th Pennsylvania Regiment on July 1, 1778. Washington also offered command to John Patton of Pennsylvania, who accepted leadership of Patton's Additional Continental Regiment. In 1776, Patton had commanded a battalion of the Pennsylvania State Rifle Regiment. Half of Malcolm's Additional Continental Regiment was drawn from New York and half from Pennsylvania. Still other Continental infantry regiments and smaller units, also unrelated to a state quota, were raised as needed for special or temporary service. Nelson's and Doyle's Independent Rifle Companies were examples of such "extra" units. [[Wikipedia:Pennsylvania_Line]] :One such "smaller units" was named "'''Associators"''' [[:Category:Associators]|See the bio on the profile source: wikipedia/ Maryland Historical Magazine Pennsylvania Line, 1776 :[[:Category: 1st Pennsylvania Battalion, Continental Army, American Revolution |1st Pennsylvania Battalion]] :[[:Category: 2nd Pennsylvania Battalion, Continental Army, American Revolution|2nd Pennsylvania Battalion]] :[[:Category: 3rd Pennsylvania Battalion, Continental Army, American Revolution | 3rd Pennsylvania Battalion]] :[[:Category: 4th Pennsylvania Battalion, Continental Army, American Revolution | 4th Pennsylvania Battalion]] :[[:Category: 5th Pennsylvania Battalion, Continental Army, American Revolution | 5th Pennsylvania Battalion]] :[[:Category: 6th Pennsylvania Battalion, Continental Army, American Revolution | 6th Pennsylvania Battalion]] Pennsylvania Line, 1777 :[[:Category: 1st Pennsylvania Regiment, Continental Army, American Revolution | 1st Pennsylvania Regiment]] :[[:Category: 2nd Pennsylvania Regiment, Continental Army, American Revolution | 2nd Pennsylvania Regiment]] :[[:Category: 3rd Pennsylvania Regiment, Continental Army, American Revolution | 3rd Pennsylvania Regiment]] :[[:Category: 4th Pennsylvania Regiment, Continental Army, American Revolution |4th Pennsylvania Regiment]] :[[:Category: 5th Pennsylvania Regiment, Continental Army, American Revolution | 5th Pennsylvania Regiment]] :[[:Category: 6th Pennsylvania Regiment, Continental Army, American Revolution |6th Pennsylvania Regiment]] :[[:Category: 7th Pennsylvania Regiment, Continental Army, American Revolution | 7th Pennsylvania Regiment]] :[[:Category: 8th Pennsylvania Regiment, Continental Army, American Revolution | 8th Pennsylvania Regiment]] :[[:Category: 9th Pennsylvania Regiment, Continental Army, American Revolution | 9th Pennsylvania Regiment]] :[[:Category: 10th Pennsylvania Regiment, Continental Army, American Revolution |10th Pennsylvania Regiment]] :[[:Category: 11th Pennsylvania Regiment, Continental Army, American Revolution |11th Pennsylvania Regiment]] :[[:Category: 12th Pennsylvania Regiment, Continental Army, American Revolution | 12th Pennsylvania Regiment]] :[[:Category: 13th Pennsylvania Regiment, Continental Army, American Revolution | 13th Pennsylvania Regiment]]

[[Category: Rhode Island Militia, American Revolution]] [[Category: Rhode Island State Troops, American Revolution]] ''Note: The Commanding Officers below are all Colonels, except for a few others whose rank is shown.'' =='''{{Blue|Rhode Island Line (Continental Regiments) (1775-1783)}}''' == {| class="wikitable" border=1 border: 3px solid brown;" |- ! Military Regiment !! Commanding Officers !! Comments |- | [[:Category:1st Rhode Island Regiment, Continental Army, American Revolution |1st Rhode Island Regiment]] || James Varnum || |- | [[:Category:9th Continental Regiment, Continental Army, American Revolution |9th Continental Regiment]] || James Varnum, Christopher Greene, Archibald Crary, Adam Comstock || 1st Regiment called 9th Continental in 1776; became 1st Regiment again in 1777 |- | [[:Category:2nd Rhode Island Regiment, Continental Army, American Revolution | 2nd Rhode Island Regiment]] || Daniel Hitchcock || |- | [[:Category:11th Continental Regiment, Continental Army, American Revolution | 11th Continental Regiment]] || Daniel Hitchcock, Israel Angell || 2nd Regiment called 11th Continental in 1776; became 2nd Regiment again in 1777 |- | [[:Category:Rhode Island Regiment (1781), Continental Army, American Revolution | Rhode Island Regiment (1781)]] || Jeremiah Olney || 1st and 2nd Regiments Merged |- | [[:Category:Sherburne's Additional Continental Regiment (1777), Continental Army, American Revolution | Sherburne's Additional Regiment]] || Henry Sherburne || |- | [[:Category: Richmond's Regiment, Continental Army, American Revolution | Richmond's Regiment]] || William Richmond || Formed in State Troops in 1775; placed in Continental Troops in 1776 |- |}
=='''{{Blue|Rhode Island State Troops (1775-1783)}}''' == {| class="wikitable" border=1 border: 3px solid brown;" |- ! Military Regiment !! Commanding Officers !! Comments |- | [[:Category: 1st Regiment of Infantry, Rhode Island State Troops, American Revolution | 1st Regiment of Infantry]] || John Cook, Benjamin Tallman, Joseph Stanton, Jr., William Barton || Reorganized as 1st Battalion of Infantry in 12/77 under Col. Archibald Crary || |- | [[:Category: 2nd Regiment of Infantry, Rhode Island State Troops, American Revolution | 2nd Regiment of Infantry]] || Joseph Stanton, Jr., Archibald Crary || Reorganized as 2nd Battalion of Infantry in 12/77 under Col. William Barton || |- | [[:Category: Rhode Island Battalion, Rhode Island State Troops, American Revolution |Rhode Island Battalion]] || John Topham || 1st and 2nd Regiments of Infantry combined into Rhode Island Battalion in 6/79 || |- | [[:Category: Regiment of Artillery, Rhode Island State Troops, American Revolution | Regiment of Artillery]] || Robert Elliot || |- | [[:Category: Babcock's Regiment, Rhode Island Militia, American Revolution | Babcock's Regiment]] || Henry Babcock || |- | [[:Category: Lippitt's Regiment, Rhode Island State Troops, American Revolution | Lippitt's Regiment]] || Christopher Lippitt || |}
=='''{{Blue|Rhode Island Militia (1775-1783)}}''' == ''Note: Captains for companies in the county militias can be found here:'' [https://allthingsliberty.com/2016/01/the-organization-of-the-rhode-island-militia-1774-1783/ Organization of the Rhode Island Militia] {| class="wikitable" border=1 border: 3px solid brown;" |- ! Militia County !! Regiments !! Commanding Officers !! Locations Served |- | Providence |- | || [[:Category:1st Regiment, Providence County Militia, Rhode Island Militia, American Revolution|1st Regiment]] || James Angell, Jabez Brown, John Mathewson, Amos Atwell, Lt. Col. Eleazer Jenckes, Lt. Col. Christopher Almy, Lt. Col. Christopher Olney || Providence, Johnston, North Providence, Smithfield (See 2nd), Cranston |- | || [[:Category: 2nd Regiment, Providence County Militia, Rhode Island Militia, American Revolution | 2nd Regiment]] || Chad Brown, Lt. Col. Edward Thompson, Lt. Col. Peleg Arnold, Lt. Col. George Peck || Smithfield (See 1st), Gloucester, Cumberland || |- | || [[:Category: 3rd Regiment, Providence County Militia, Rhode Island Militia, American Revolution | 3rd Regiment]] || Christopher Lippitt, William West, Stephen Kimball || Scituate, Cranston (See 1st) || |- | || [[:Category:4th Regiment, Providence County Militia, Rhode Island Militia, American Revolution | 4th Regiment]] || Chad Brown, Lt. Col. Asa Kimball, Lt. Col. Stephen Winsor || Gloucester (See 2nd) || |- | || Senior Class Regiment (1780) || Lt. Col. Amos Atwell, Lt. Col. Simeon Thayer || |- | Kings County || |- | (Washington County after 1782) || |- | || [[:Category:1st Regiment, Kings County Militia, Rhode Island Militia, American Revolution | 1st Regiment]] || Joseph Noyes, Joseph Stanton, Jr., Jesse Maxson || Westerly,Charlestown, Hopkinton || |- | || [[:Category:2nd Regiment, Kings County Militia, Rhode Island Militia, American Revolution | 2nd Regiment]] || Robert Brown, Charles Dyer || North Kingstown, South Kingstown (See 3rd), Exeter, Richmond (See 3rd) || |- | || [[:Category:3rd Regiment, Kings County Militia, Rhode Island Militia, American Revolution | 3rd Regiment]] || Thomas Potter || South Kingstown (See 2nd), Richmond (See 2nd) || |- | || Senior Class Regiment || Lt. Col. Gideon Hoxsie, Lt. Col. Sylvester Gardner, Lt. Col. George Thurston || |- | Newport County || |- | || [[:Category:1st Regiment, Newport County Militia, Rhode Island Militia, American Revolution | 1st Regiment]] || John Malbone, George Irish || Newport, Portsmouth, New Shoreham, Middletown, Jamestown || |- | || [[:Category:2nd Regiment, Newport County Militia, Rhode Island Militia, American Revolution | 2nd Regiment]] || Joseph Belcher, John Cooke, Lt. Col. Nathaniel Church, Lt. Col. Lemuel Bailey || Tiverton, Little Compton|| |- | Bristol County || |- | || Bristol County Regiment || Nathaniel Martin || Bristol, Warren, Barrington || |- | || Senior Class Regiment || Maj. Jonathan Peck, Maj. Robert Carr || |- | Newport & Bristol || |- | || 3rd Regiment || Nathan Miller || All Newport and Bristol combined - May 1777 (Returned to separate counties in 1778) || |- | Kent County || |- | || [[:Category:1st Regiment, Kent County Militia, Rhode Island Militia, American Revolution | 1st Regiment]] || John Waterman, Thomas Holden, Lt. Col. Thomas Tillinghast, Lt. Col. Job Pierce || Warwick, East Greenwich || |- | || [[:Category:2nd Regiment, Kent County Militia, Rhode Island Militia, American Revolution | 2nd Regiment]] || Stephen Potter, Nathaniel Brown, Archibald Kasson || West Greenwich, Coventry || |- | || Senior Class Regiment || Maj. Samuel Wall, Maj. Isaac Johnson || |- | Other Local Independent Companies || |- | || Kingston Reds || |- | || [[:Category:Kentish Guards, Rhode Island Militia, American Revolution|Kentish Guards]] || Richard Fry |- | || [[:Category:Pawtuxet Rangers, Rhode Island Militia, American Revolution|Pawtuxet Rangers]] || Captain Benjamin Arnold |- | || Captain General Cavaliers || |- | || Providence Cadets || |- | || [[:Category:Peck's Company of Smithfield and Cumberland Rangers, Rhode Island Militia, American Revolution|Smithfield & Cumberland Rangers]]||George Peck |- | || Providence Light Infantry || |- | || Providence Artillery || |- | || North Providence Rangers || |- | || Glocester Light Infantry || |- | || Scituate Hunters || |- |} '''Sources:''' * [https://www.rihs.org/mssinv/Mss673sg2.htm#unittitle Rhode Island War Military Records] Rhode Island Historical Society Manuscripts Division, Compiled by Rick Stattler, April 1997; Additions by Robin Flynn, November 2000. * [https://allthingsliberty.com/2016/01/the-organization-of-the-rhode-island-militia-1774-1783/ The Organization of the Rhode Island Militia 1774-1783] Journal of the American Revolution by John K. Robertson * Wright, Robert K., Jr. [https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=mdp.39015016865613&view=1up&seq=249&skin=2021 The Continental Army] Washington, D.C.: Center of Military History, U.S. Army: 1983., pp. 227-231.

[[Category:Siege of Boston]] '''Siege of Boston''' The Siege of Boston (April 19, 1775 – March 17, 1776) was the opening phase of the American Revolutionary War, in which New England militiamen—who later became part of the Continental Army—surrounded the town of Boston, Massachusetts, to prevent movement by the British Army garrisoned within. After eleven months of siege, the American colonists, led by George Washington, forced the British to withdraw by sea. The siege began on April 19 after the Battles of Lexington and Concord, when the militia from many Massachusetts communities surrounded Boston and blocked land access to the then-peninsular town, limiting British resupply to naval operations. The Continental Congress chose to adopt the militia and form the Continental Army, and unanimously elected George Washington as its Commander in Chief. In June 1775, the British seized Bunker and Breed's Hills, but the casualties they suffered were heavy and their gains were insufficient to break the siege. For the rest of the siege, there was little action other than occasional raids, minor skirmishes, and sniper fire. Both sides had to deal with resource supply and personnel issues over the course of the siege, and engaged in naval operations in the contest for resources. In November 1775, Washington sent a 25 year-old bookseller-turned-soldier named Henry Knox to bring heavy artillery that had been captured at Fort Ticonderoga to Boston. In a technically complex and demanding operation, Knox brought many cannons to the Boston area in January 1776. In March 1776, these artillery pieces were used to fortify [[:Category:Fortification of Dorchester Heights|Dorchester Heights]], overlooking Boston and its harbor and threatening the British naval supply lifeline. The British commander William Howe, realizing he could no longer hold the town, chose to evacuate it. He withdrew the British forces, departing on March 17 (celebrated today as Evacuation Day) for Halifax, Nova Scotia. ([http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siege_of_Boston 1]) '''Siege of Boston''' :Date April 19, 1775 – March 17, 1776, (10 months, 3 weeks and 6 days) :Location Boston and surrounding area :Result Colonial victory, British evacuation of Boston :Belligerents: United States United Colonies, Great Britain '''Commanders and leaders''' '''United States''' :George Washington :Artemas Ward :Henry Knox :Strength 6,000–16,000 :Casualties and losses ::Bunker Hill: Over 400 killed or wounded, 30 captured ::Rest of siege: 19 killed or wounded '''Kingdom of Great Britain''' :Thomas Gage :[[Howe-2352|William Howe]] :Henry Clinton :Strength 4,000–11,000 :Casualties and losses ::Bunker Hill: 1,150 killed or wounded ::Rest of siege: 20 killed or wounded, 35 captured '''Images''' * Engraving depicting the [http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/eb/SiegeBoston.jpg British evacuation of Boston] * [http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/ca/Lexington_Concord_Siege_of_Boston.jpg 1775 map] of the Battle of Lexington and Concord and the Siege of Boston. (Large file) * [http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/36/Boston%2C_1775bsmall1.png The British defenses in Boston, 1775.] (Large file) * [http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Surrender_of_General_Burgoyne.jpg/1280px-Surrender_of_General_Burgoyne.jpg Surrender of General Burgoyne at Saratoga], by John Trumbull

[[Category:Siege of Yorktown]] See: [[:Category:Siege of Yorktown|the category]] for profiles. The Siege of Yorktown, Battle of Yorktown, or Surrender of Yorktown, the latter taking place on October 19, 1781, was a decisive victory by a combined force of American Continental Army troops led by [[Washington-11|General George Washington]] and French Army troops led by the [[Vimeur-1|Comte de Rochambeau]] over a British Army commanded by [[Cornwallis-27|Lieutenant General Lord Cornwallis]]. The culmination of the Yorktown campaign, it proved to be the last major land battle of the American Revolutionary War in North America, as the surrender by Cornwallis of his army prompted the British government to negotiate an end to the conflict. In 1780, 5,500 French soldiers landed in Rhode Island to assist their American allies in operations against British-controlled New York City. Following the arrival of dispatches from France that included the possibility of support from the French West Indies fleet of the Comte de Grasse, Washington and Rochambeau decided to ask de Grasse for assistance either in besieging New York, or in military operations against a British army operating in Virginia. On the advice of Rochambeau, de Grasse informed them of his intent to sail to the Chesapeake Bay, where Cornwallis had taken command of the army. Cornwallis, at first given confusing orders by his superior officer, Henry Clinton, was eventually ordered to make a defensible deep-water port, which he began to do at Yorktown, Virginia. Cornwallis's movements in Virginia were shadowed by a Continental Army force led by the Marquis de Lafayette. The French and American armies united north of New York City during the summer of 1781. When word of de Grasse's decision arrived, the combined armies began moving south toward Virginia, engaging in tactics of deception to lead the British to believe a siege of New York was planned. De Grasse sailed from the West Indies and arrived at the Chesapeake Bay at the end of August, bringing additional troops and providing a naval blockade of Yorktown. He was transporting 500,000 silver pesos collected from the citizens of Havana, Cuba, to fund supplies for the siege and payroll for the Continental Army. While in Santo Domingo, de Grasse met with Francisco Saavedra de Sangronis, an agent of Carlos III of Spain. De Grasse had planned to leave several of his warships in Santo Domingo. Saavedra promised the assistance of the Spanish navy to protect the French merchant fleet, enabling de Grasse to sail north with all of his warships. In the beginning of September, he defeated a British fleet led by Sir Thomas Graves that came to relieve Cornwallis at the Battle of the Chesapeake. As a result of this victory, de Grasse blocked any escape by sea for Cornwallis. By late September Washington and Rochambeau arrived, and the army and naval forces completely surrounded Cornwallis. After initial preparations, the Americans and French built their first parallel and began the bombardment. With the British defense weakened, Washington on October 14, 1781 sent two columns to attack the last major remaining British outer defenses. A French column took redoubt #9 and an American column redoubt #10. With these defenses taken, the allies were able to finish their second parallel. With the American artillery closer and more intense than ever, the British situation began to deteriorate rapidly and Cornwallis asked for capitulation terms on the 17th. After two days of negotiation, the surrender ceremony took place on the 19th; Lord Cornwallis, claiming to be ill, was absent from the ceremony. With the capture of over 7,000 British soldiers, negotiations between the United States and Great Britain began, resulting in the Treaty of Paris in 1783. ([http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Yorktown_%281781%29 1]) '''Images''' * [http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b8/Surrender_of_Lord_Cornwallis.jpg Surrender of Lord Cornwallis], by John Trumbull, depicting the British surrendering to French (left) and American (right) troops. Oil on canvas, 1820. This painting depicts the forces of British Major General Charles Cornwallis, 1st Marquess Cornwallis (1738-1805) (who was not himself present at the surrender), surrendering to French and American forces after the Siege of Yorktown (September 28 – October 19, 1781) during the American Revolutionary War. * [http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/96/Plan_of_the_Battle_of_Yorktown_1875.png A plan of the Battle of Yorktown] drawn in 1875. * [http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/5b/Bataille_de_Yorktown_by_Auguste_Couder.jpg Siège de Yorktown] by Auguste Couder, c.1836.[21] Rochambeau and Washington giving their last orders before the battle. * [http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/31/Washingtonyorktown.jpg Washington firing the first gun]. * [http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/55/Bataille_Yorktown.jpg Storming of Redoubt #10]. * [http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/77/Redbout-10.jpg The storming of Redoubt #10], by Eugene Lami. * [http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/49/Redoubt-9.jpg Storming of Redoubt #9]. * [http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/70/Reddition_armee_anglaise_a_Yorktown_1781_avec_blocus_naval.jpg Overview of the capitulation of the British army at Yorktown], with the blockade of the French squadron. * [http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/22/Reddition_de_Cornwalis_1781_french_engraving_1784_avec_texte.jpg The surrender of Lord Cornwallis], October 19, 1781 at Yorktown.

[[Category: Loyalists, Backcountry Prisoners, South Carolina, American Revolution]] : '''See''': the [[:Category: Loyalists, Backcountry Prisoners, South Carolina, American Revolution| Category for the Backcountry Prisoners]] for profiles of the prisoners. === Petition for Amnesty === : Petition by thirty three South Carolina Backcountry Loyalists who were captured by Col. Richard Richardson during the "'''Snow Campaign'''"'[[Wikipedia: Snow Campaign |Snow Campaign at Wikipedia]] of Dec 1775 and sent by him for incarceration to Charles Town (Charleston). In the following month, the prisoners petitioned the authorities for a reprieve with a promise to ''preserve the peace''. : Although the petition is not dated, the editors of ''The Papers of Henry Laurens'' have dated it on the basis of a report in the ''Journal of the Council of Safety'' that a petition from Robert Cunningham, Thomas Fletchall and others was read on 20 Jan 1776.''The Papers of Henry Laurens'', Volume 11, Jan. 5, 1776 – Nov. 1, 1777, pages 51-52, published by the South Carolina Historical Society.[http://sc_tories.tripod.com/petition_from_loyalists_prisoners_jan_1776.htm Petition From SC Backcountry Prisoners - Jan 1776][https://archive.org/details/memoirsofamerica02dray Drayton, John and William Henry Drayton. ''Memoirs of the American Revolution: From its Commencement to the Year 1776, Inclusive, as Relating to the State of South-Carolina, and Occasionally Refering (sic) to the States of North-Carolina and Georgia, 1742-1779''. Charleston Publ., 1821. pg 130] :: ''January 20, 1776 :: ''We The Subscribers Humbly Sheweth, that whereas there has Been Diversity of Opinions, and Disturbances, in the Frontier parts of this province. Which grieves us to heart that we ever Should have Been at Variance, with our Countrymen, and good Neighbors. Hon. Gentlemen - We Therefore, find the Greatest Freedom, to Enter into any Honorable Terms of Unity, to preserve the peace in this Disturbed province, and the peace of good Neighborhood. Gentlemen - We Your Humble Petitioners here in Common Goal, a Few of Whom You Do call Leading persons of the Party that was Against you. And According to Your Honorable Articles that [may] be Agreed on. We shall on any Forfeit Promise to Endeavor to Settle Peace to Your Satisfaction, And the Unity of the different Settlements, in the Frontiers Gentlemen - We Wait With Leisure on Your Call And Forsodoing it will be Always Esteemed by us Your Humble Petitioners.

::: ''N.B. - there is Different Circumstances ::: ''Amongst us, Which we Make No Doubt But ::: ''Your Honors will Know by Subscription.

::: ''Rob’t Cunningham ::: ''John Mayfield ::: ''Jas. Lind

::: ''Thomas Fletchall ::: ---------------------------- ::: ::: ''Benjamin Wofford ::: ''Richard Pearis ::: ---------------------------- ::: ::: ''Henery Centerful ::: ''Henery Goff ::: ''John Goff

::: ''David Rees ::: ''Henry Green ::: ''Jeremiah Ward ::: ''Thomas Wisdom ::: ''Robert Procter ::: ''Henry Citeman ::: ''William Burges ::: ''John McWilliams ::: ''Philip Wells ::: ''Jas. Davis ::: ''Wittenhall Warner ::: ''Adams Pardue

::: ''Matt Floyd ::: ''William Hunt ::: ''Jacob Bowman ::: ''Rob’t Parris ::: ''George Neelly ::: ''David George ::: ''David McDavid ::: ''Jacob Fry ::: ''Grady Ziebard ::: ''Jos. Alexander ::: ''Daniel Jones ::: ''Elisha Robinson

=== Loyalists Excluded From the Pardon of Apr 1776 === : On 11 Apr 1776, the South Carolina General Assembly issued a "''Declaration of Pardon or Amnesty''" for the captured Backcountry Loyalists taken during the "'''Snow Campaign'''." The following loyalists were excluded from the pardon:[http://sc_tories.tripod.com/loyalists_excluded_from_declaration_of_pardon.htm Norfleet, Phil. ''Backcountry Loyalists Excluded from the Pardon of Apr 1776'']

*Henry O'Neal	*Jacob Bowman
*Thomas Fletchall	*Patrick Cunningham
*Richard Pearis	*Elisha Robinson
*Pinkothman Hawkins	*James Alexander
*Thomas Wisdom	*Henry Green
*Robert Proctor	*William Dodgen
*Stephen Prosser	*John Morgridge
*Robert Cunningham

=== Complete List of 136 Prisoners Captured During the Snow Campaign and Sent to Charles Town by Col. Richardson:[http://sc_tories.tripod.com/loyalists_captured_in_december_1775.htm List of 136 Loyalists Captured During the Snow Campaign] ===

* Colonel Fletchall	* John Mayfield, Ninety-Six, Militia Captain
* Benjamin Wofford, Militia Captain	* Richard. Pearis, Scopholite Captain, Ninety-Six
* Math. Floyd, Ninety-Six, Militia Captain	* David George, Militia Captain
* Pat. McDade	* Wm. Hunt, Scopholite Captain, Ninety-Six, Mulatto
* Geo. Zuber, Ninety-Six, Militia Captain, said to murder a prisoner	* Jacob Fry, Scopholite Captain, Ninety-Six
* Capt. Jones, Scopholite Captain, Ninety-Six, Cane Brake, Colored, Powder Man	* Capt. Pearis, Scopholite Adjutant, Ninety-Six, Cane Brake
* Capt. Bowman, Ninety-Six, Cane Brake, Powder Man, Militia Captain	* Captain Harvey, Ninety-Six, Cane Brake, Powder Man, Militia Captain
* Capt. Clery, Scopholite, Ninety-Six	* Capt. Lindley, Ninety-Six, Cane Brake, Militia Captain
* Capt York, Ninety-Six, Cane Brake, Powder Man, Militia Captain, Press Master General, deemed a bad man by both parties, to be delivered by Maj. Williamson	* David Cunningham deemed a bad man by both parties, to be delivered by Captain Williamson
* George Nealey, Commissary General, Ninety-Six, Cane Brake, Pow­der Man	* Thomas Combs, Cane Brake, Powder Man
* Thomas Tomlin, Cane Break, Powder Man	* Jeremiah Ward, Ninety-Six, Cane Brake, Powder Man, and a very bad man
* Henry Green, Ninety-Six, Cane Brake, Powder Man, Militia Captain	* Sam. Proctor, Cane Brake, Powder Man, Militia Captain
* John Norris, Cane Brake, Powder Man	* Benj. Stone, Ninety-Six, Cane Brake, Powder Man
* John Davies, Cane Brake, Powder Man	* David Reese, Cane Brake, Powder Man
* Thomas Carter, Cane Brake, Powder Man	* James Derumple, Cane Brake, Powder Man
* James McGill, Cane Brake, Powder Man	* Wm. Johnston, Cane Brake, Powder Man
* Thomas Wisdom, Cane Brake, Powder Man, Lieut. in the Militia, and an extreme active man	* Abraham Nabors, Cane Brake, Powder Man
* Isaac Nabors, Cane Brake, Powder Man	* George Carter, Cane Brake, Powder Man
* Thomas Gill, Cane Brake, Powder Man	* William Stone, Ninety-Six, Cane Brake, Powder Man
* Robert Proctor, Ninety-Six, Cane Brake, Powder Man, a very bad man	* Caleb Stone, Ninety-Six, Cane Brake, Powder Man
* James Carter, Cane Brake, Powder Man	* Robert Grey, Cane Brake, Powder Man
* Captain Hilburn, an active man	* Elisha Watson, Cane Brake
* John Helms, Ninety-Six, Cane Brake	* Thomas Alison, Ninety-Six, Cane Brake
* Wm. Matthews, Ninety-Six, Cane Brake	* David Alison, Ninety-Six, Cane Brake
* Wm. Alison, Ninety-Six, Cane Brake	* Robert Wood, Cane Brake
* John Miller, Ninety-Six, sent from Ninety-Six	* Henry Strum, Ninety-Six
* Thomas Neville, Cane Brake	* Christopher Reuben, Cane Brake
* Robin Brown, Ninety-Six, Cane Brake, Powder Man	* John Reid, Ninety-Six, Cane Brake
* James Reid, Ninety-Six, Cane Brake	* Adam Frelick, Ninety-Six
* Fred. Bagwell, Ninety-Six, Cane Brake	* John Wright, Ninety-Six, Cane Brake
* James Johnston, Ninety-Six, Cane Brake	* James Camell, Ninety-Six, Cane Brake
* Wm. Cox, Cane Brake	* Fred. Reuben, Cane Brake
* Thomas Good, Cane Brake	* Moses Casey, Ninety-Six, Cane Brake
* Adam Purdue, Ninety-Six, Cane Brake	* John Casey, Ninety-Six, Cane Brake
* Jesse Casey, Cane Brake	* John Rigdell, Ninety-Six, Cane Brake
* John Rigdell, jun., Ninety-Six, Cane Brake	* Emanuel Miller, went from Ninety-Six to join the opposite party
* Henry Attolph, Ninety-Six, Cane Brake, Lieut. Major	* John Meek, Ninety-Six, Cane Brake
* James Mills, Ninety-Six, Cane Brake	* Francis Regan, Ninety-Six, Cane Brake
* Wm. Burrows, Ninety-Six, Cane Brake	* Benj. Stone
* Joshua Niblet, Ninety-Six, Cane Brake	* Joshua Fowler, Ninety-Six, Cane Brake
* Richard. Fowler, Ninety-Six, Cane Brake	* Samuel Harris, Ninety-Six, Cane Brake
* John Goff, Ninety-Six, Cane Brake	* Robert Westmoreland, Ninety-Six, Cane Brake
* Thomas Welch, Ninety-Six, Cane Brake	* Holl’y Power, Ninety-Six, Cane Brake
* Hugh Abernathy, Ninety-Six, Cane Brake	* David. Reese, mentioned before
* Jacob Wittherow, Ninety-Six, Cane Brake	* John Wittherow, Ninety-Six, Cane Brake
* Chris. Tongues, Cane Brake	* John Burrows, Ninety-Six, Cane Broke
* Hen. Centerfitts, Ninety-Six	* Wm. Mills, Ninety-Six
* Henry Citeman, a very bad man	* Wm. Caldwell, Ninety-Six, Cane Brake
* And. Aventer, Ninety-Six, Cane Brake	* Abel Bowling, Ninety-Six, Cane Brake
* Owen Reid, Ninety-Six, Cane Brake	* Dennis McCarty, Ninety-Six, Powder Man
* Tho. Rogers, Cane Brake	* Harmon Dildine, Cane Brake
* Isaac Evans, mentioned	* Benjamin Gregory, Ninety-Six, Cane Brake
* Joseph Turner, Ninety-Six, Cane Brake	* James Nicholl, Cane Brake
* Edw'd. Lang, Ninety-Six, Cane Brake	* James Wright, Ninety-Six, Cane Brake
* John Evans, Cane Broke	* John Welch, Ninety-Six, Cane Brake
* Wm. Elliott, Ninety-Six, Cane Brake	* Leon'd. Nix, Cane Brake
* Wm. Payne, Ninety-Six, Cane Brake	* Henry Goff, Ninety-Six, Cane Brake
* David. Nielson, Ninety-Six, Cane Brake	* John Morgan, Cane Brake
* Fred. Hartwell, Ninety-Six, Cane Brake	* Dan. Allen, Cane Brake, lame
* Henry Counts, Ninety-Six, Cane Brake	* Elisha Robinson, Ninety-Six, Cane Brake
* James Burgess, Ninety-Six, Cane Brake, an old man, but bloody-minded	* Thomas Gill, Ninety-Six, Cane Brake
* Holly Goff, died on the road	* John Tominson, Ninety-Six, Cane Brake
* Hugh Nealey, Ninety-Six, but surrendered himself to Col. Richardson	* Witnall Warner, supposed to rob Mr. Pendleton's lodgings at Ninety-Six
* Wm. Watson, harmless man, but at the Cane Brake	* Christopher Casey, Ninety-Six, Cane Brake
* John M. Williams, the machine maker to set fire to the Ninety-Six Fort	* Jos. Alexander, Ninety-Six, Cane Brake
* James Davies, Ninety-Six, Cane Brake	* Phil. Wells, Ninety-Six
* Jacob Stack, Ninety-Six	* Dan. Stagner, Ninety-Six
* Capt. Nealey Carghill	* Capt. Edgehill, one sick, but both to be delivered up 1st February

=== Sources === * [http://sc_tories.tripod.com/lists_of_loyalists.htm Norfleet, Phil. ''Lists of South Carolina Loyalists'']

[[Category:Battle of Bunker Hill]]__NOTOC__ ==Battle of Bunker Hill== : Date: June 17, 1775 : Location: Charlestown, Massachusetts (mostly on and around Breed's Hill) : When: during Siege of Boston early in the Revolution. : Victor: British pyrrhic victory : Loser: United Colonies :Territorial changes: British capture Charlestown peninsula ===About=== The battle is named after the adjacent Bunker Hill, which was peripherally involved in the battle and was the original objective of both colonial and British troops, and is occasionally referred to as the "Battle of Breed's Hill." 13 Jun 1775: Leaders of the colonial forces attacking Boston learne British generals plan to send troops from the city to occupy the unoccupied hills surrounding the city. In response, 1,200 colonial troops under William Prescott's command occupy Bunker Hill and Breed's Hill. They construct an earthen redoubt on Breed's Hill, and build lightly fortified lines across most of Charlestown Peninsula. 14 Jun 1775: British alerted of rebels position. They mount an attack. After two assaults on colonial lines are repulsed with heavy British casualties, the British capture the positions on the third assault, after defenders in the redoubt run out of ammunition. Colonial forces retreat to Cambridge over Bunker Hill, taking significant losses at Bunker Hill. British win with heavy losses: 800+ wounded and 226 killed, including a large number of officers. The battle is seen as an example of a Pyrrhic victory, due to modest, immediate gain (capture of Bunker Hill) that did not significantly change the state of the siege. At the same time, cost (loss of nearly a third of deployed forces) was high. Colonial forces retreated and regrouped in good order with fewer casualties. Furthermore, the battle demonstrated that relatively inexperienced colonial forces were willing and able to stand up to regular army troops in a pitched battle. ([http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Bunker_Hill 1]) ===United Colonies=== : Connecticut : Massachusetts : New Hampshire : Rhode Island ===Commanders and leaders:=== :[[Putnam-40|Israel Putnam]] - "Don't fire until you see the whites of their eyes" :William Prescott :Joseph Warren † (Warren declined command and fought as an individual) :John Stark :Strength: about 2,400 :Casualties and losses: 115 killed, 305 wounded, 30 captured (20 POWs died), Total: 450 ===Great Britain=== Commanders and leaders: * British Army: :William Howe :Sir Robert Pigot :James Abercrombie + :John Pitcairn † :Henry Clinton * Royal Navy: :Samuel Graves :Strength: 3,000+ :Casualties and losses: 226 killed (including 19 officers), 828 soldiers wounded (including 62 officers), Total: 1,054 ===Images=== * [http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/91/The_death_of_general_warren_at_the_battle_of_bunker_hill.jpg The Death of General Warren at the Battle of Bunker Hill], by John Trumbull * [http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Lexington_Concord_Siege_of_Boston.jpg/1280px-Lexington_Concord_Siege_of_Boston.jpg 1775 map of the Boston area] (contains some inaccuracies) * [http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b7/Map_of_the_Battle_of_Bunker_Hill_area.jpg A historic map of Bunker Hill] featuring military notes

[[Category:Battle of Assunpink Creek]] The Battle of the Assunpink Creek, also known as the Second Battle of Trenton, was a battle between American and British troops that took place in and around Trenton, New Jersey, on January 2, 1777, during the American Revolutionary War, and resulted in an American victory. Following a surprise victory at the Battle of Trenton early in the morning of December 26, 1776, General George Washington of the Continental Army and his council of war expected a strong British counter-attack. Washington and his council decided to meet this attack in Trenton, and established a defensive position south of the Assunpink Creek. Lieutenant General Charles Cornwallis led the British forces southward in the aftermath of the December 26 battle. Leaving 1,400 men under Lieutenant Colonel Charles Mawhood in Princeton, Cornwallis advanced on Trenton with about 5,000 men on January 2. His advance was significantly slowed due to defensive skirmishing by American riflemen under the command of Edward Hand, and the advance guard did not reach Trenton until twilight. After assaulting the American positions three times, and being repulsed each time, Cornwallis decided to wait and finish the battle the next day. Washington moved his army around Cornwallis's camp that night and attacked Mawhood at Princeton the next day. That defeat prompted the British to withdraw from most of New Jersey for the winter. ([http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_the_Assunpink_Creek 1]) '''Battle of the Assunpink Creek''' :Date: January 2, 1777 :Location: Trenton, New Jersey :Result: American victory :Belligerents: United States, Great Britain '''Commanders and leaders''' :United States: George Washington :Strength: 6,000; 40 guns :Casualties and losses: 7–100 killed or wounded :Kingdom of Great Britain: Charles Cornwallis :Strength: 5,000; 28 guns :Casualties and losses: 55-365 killed, wounded or captured '''Images''' * [http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/1f/Delaware_river_chart_1655.jpeg 1655 Delaware river chart] – 'Asin Pink' is marked on far right

[[Category: Loyal Rangers, American Revolution]]__NOTOC__ For profiles, see [[:Category: Loyal Rangers, American Revolution|the category]] {{Image|file=Loyalists.png |align=r |size=s |caption=This unit held UEL }} ===Loyal Rangers=== The unit was formed in 1781 and created from several smaller companies, including the Queen’s Loyal Rangers and the King’s Loyal Americans. The unit commander was '''Major Edward Jessup'''. The general state of the unit is noticed in a report, made 21 Apr 1782,[http://www.royalprovincial.com/military/rhist/loyrng/lrlet1.htm Letter Jessup to Captain Mathews, Secretary to His Excellency, General Haldimand, Montreal] where Jessup complains that while serving as marines on Lake Champlain, Vermont, he received a detachment with only one quarter fit for service. Edward Jessup, was born in Stamford, Connecticut, and was living in New York in 1759 when he served in the French and Indian War. In 1776, along with his brother Ebenezer and other Loyalists from the area, he joined Sir John Johnson’s regiment. He was captured while serving with the King’s Loyal Americans, but later released. In 1781, as a Captain, he was named commander of the new Loyal Rangers, which was assigned to raiding parties in New York state and the northern provinces, his headquarters appears to have been located at Verchères, Montreal. Jessup was promoted Major prior to May 1782 and his force augmented from Canada by two additional companies.[http://www.royalprovincial.com/military/rhist/loyrng/lrords1.htm Letter to Jessup from R. B. Lernoult, Adjt. Gen., Montreal] Of the augmentation: : '''Captain John Meyers''' and his company became the Ninth Company. : '''Lieutenant John Riutter,''' '''Lieutenant James Robins''', '''Ensign William Lamson''' and '''Ensign Harms''' are posted into the Rangers from the Company of Pensioners. : A Tenth Company was added to establishment but not then mustered. It was commanded by [[Fraser-1615|'''Lieutenant Thomas Fraser''']], on promotion to Captain. The unit is noticed in the General Orders of 4 November 1782 where two members of the unit are promoted:[http://www.royalprovincial.com/military/rhist/loyrng/lrords2.htm General Orders; Head Quarters, Quebec, 4 Nov. 1782] : '''John Pruster''' is appointed Lieutenant in Captain John W. MEYERS Company, effective date of 30 May 1782. : '''Hermanus Best''' to be Ensign in Captain MEYERS Company, effective date 30 May 1782. ===Officers of the Unit=== The name, and a brief bio, is noticed in the British Library under Additional Manuscripts, No. 21827, folios 97-99. This is recorded on the [http://www.royalprovincial.com/military/rhist/loyrng/lrlist1.htm Loyalist website]. : Major Commandant: [[Jessup-825|Edward JESSUP]]. Rank Major; Regimental rank - Commandant. Born in the Province of Connecticut. Served as Captain in 1759 with Provincial Rank. Was a Justice of the Peace in the province of New York. : Adjutant: (rank not specified, likely Captain) Mathew THOMPSON. Born in Ireland. Was a Sergeant Major in the [[:Category: 31st Regiment of Foot, American Revolution|31st Regiment of Foot]]. Was a Non-Commissioned Officer in that Regiment above Twenty Years. Joined this Regiment (date not specified). : Quarter Master: (rank not specified, likely Captain) John FARGUSON. Born in Ireland. Was a Sergeant Major in the [[:Category: 29th Regiment of Foot, American Revolution|29th Regiment of Foot]]. : Surgeon: (rank unknown often not commissioned but provided local rank, generally Captain) George SMYTH. Born in Ireland. Was a Doctor in the Province of New York. : Surgeon's Mate: (rank unknown generally not commissioned and often a student as in this case, sometimes provided local rank Lieutenant) Solomon JONES. Born in the Province of Connecticut. A Student in "Surjery & Phisick" in the Province of New York. ====Captains of Company==== :: Lieutenant Colonel [[Jessup-826|Ebenezer JESSUP]] as Captain of Pensioners. Born in Connecticut, brother to Edward Jessup. Was a Justice of the Peace in the Province of New York. Joined the Kings Army in 1776. :: Lieutenant Colonel [[Peters-2567|John PETERS]] as Captain. Born in Connecticut. Was a Justice of the Peace in the Province of New York. Joined the Kings Army in 1776. :: Captain [[Sherwood-638|Justus SHERWOOD]]. Born in Connecticut. Was a Farmer in the Vermont. Joined the Kings Army in 1776. :: Captain [[Jones-38729|Jonathon JONES]]. Born in Connecticut. Was a Farmer & Miller. Was a Justice of Peace in the Province of New York. Joined the Kings Army in 1776. Wounded on 19 September 1777. :: Captain William FRASER. Born in Scotland. Emigrated. Farmer in the Province of New York. Joined the Kings Army in 1777. :: Captain John JONES. Born in Connecticut. Farmer in the Province of New York. Joined the Kings Army in 1777. :: Captain Peter DRUMMOND. Born in Scotland. Came to America in 1774. Farmer. Joined the Kings Army in 1776. Was made Prisoner on the 19 September 1777 where he remained for three years. :: Captain John Walter MIRES. Born in the Province of New York. Farmer. Joined the Kings Army in the Year 1777. :: Captain Thomas FARMER. Born in Scotland. Farmer in the Province of New York. Joined the Kings Army in the Year 1777. ====Lieutenants==== :: Lieutenant Guisbert SHARP. Born in the Province of New York. Farmer. Joined the Kings Army in 1777. :: Lieutenant [[Simon-3501|Henry SIMMONS]]. Born in the Province of New York. Farmer. Joined the Kings Army in the Year 1777. :: Lieutenant David JONES. Born in the Province of Connecticut. Farmer in the Province of New York. Joined the Kings Army in the Year 1776. :: Lieutenant James PARROT. Born in Boston Province. Farmer in the Province of New York. Joined the Kings Army in the Year 1776. :: Lieutenant Alexander CAMPBELL. Born in the Province of New York. Farmer. Joined the Kings Army in the Year 1777. :: Lieutenant David McFALL. Born in Ireland. Was a Sergeant in the [[:Category: 26th Regiment of Foot, American Revolution|26th Regiment of Foot]]. Joined the Provincial Troops in 1776. Taken prisoner in the Year 1777. :: Lieutenant [[Dulmage-56|John Dulmage UEL (abt.1738-abt.1813)]]. Born in Ireland. Farmer in the Province of New York. Joined the Kings Army in the Year 1776. :: Lieutenant Gersham FRENCH. Born in the Province of New York. Was a Marchent & Farmer. Joined the Kings Army in 1777. :: Lieutenant Gidion ADAMS. Born in Connecticut Province. Farmer's son in the Province of New York. Joined the Kings Army in 1776. :: Lieutenant John RUITER. Born in the province of New York. Farmer. Joined the Kings Army in 1777. :: Lieutenant James ROBINS. Born in England. Was a Merchant and Farmer in the Province of New York. Joined the Kings Army in 1777. Was made Prisoner in the same year and remained Prisoner a long time (release not specified). :: Lieutenant Edward JESSUP, Junior, son to Commandant. Born in the Province of New York. Joined the Kings Army in 1777. Dependant on his father, Major JESSUP. ====Ensigns (2nd Lieutenant is modern equivalent)==== :: Ensign John DUSENBERRY. Born in the province of New York. A farmer's son. Joined the Kings Army in 1777. Dependant on his Father. :: Ensign [[Peters-3326| John PETERS]], Junior, son to Colonel Peters (i.e., Lt.Col. [[Peters-2567| John PETERS]] of the [[:Category: Queen's Loyal Rangers, American Revolution|Queen's Loyal Rangers]]). Born in the province of Connecticut. Joined the Kings Army in 1777. Dependant on his Father. :: Ensign Elisha BOTTUM. Born in Connecticut Province. Was a farmer's son. Joined the Kings Army in 1777. Dependant on his Father. :: Ensign Thomas SHERWOOD. Born in Connecticut Province. Farmer in the Province of New York. Joined the Kings Army in 1777. :: Ensign Thomas MAN. Born in the Province of New York. Was a farmer's son. Joined the Kings Army in 1777. Was made Prisoner the same Year. Dependant on his father. :: Ensign Harmanus BEST. Born in the Province of New York. Farmer. Joined the Kings Army in 1777. :: Ensign William LAMSON. Born in Connecticut. Farmer in the Province of New York. Joined the Kings Army in 1776. :: Ensign Conrad BEST. Born in the Province of New York. Farmer. Joined the Kings Army in 1777. {{Military Help | Regiments War}} ==Sources== See Also: * [http://www.toriesfightingfortheking.com/ToryArmy.htm Tories; Fighting For the King in America's First Civil War, Thomas B. Allen] * [http://www.royalprovincial.com/military/rhist/loyrng/lrlist.htm Loyalist Institute for Loyal Rangers]

[[Category:Snow Campaign]]__NOTOC__ See: [[:Category:Snow Campaign|the category]] for profiles and unit categories of participants. ==1775: The Snow Campaign== ==About== :Date: December 23-30, 1775 :Location: Western South Carolina :Result: American victory It was November, in 1775. Colonel Richard Richardson led his Camden regiment of South Carolina militia into the Back Country, the wilderness piedmont of the Appalachian mountains. Their purpose was to crush Tory resistance to the rebellion against the King. He was accompanied by Captain Thomas Sumter as adjutant general, who had raised a company of local militia. Colonel Francis Marion (1732-1795), known as the Swamp Fox for his successful guerrilla warfare against the British, served in this campaign as well. Richardson had authority from South Carolina’s President Drayton the South Carolina Congress to call out the militia. Colonel William Thomson’s regiment from Orangeburg and six companies of Thomson’s rangers came from their encampment in Amelia. Militia regiments from other sections of North and South Carolina were also called. Richardson, Thomson, and their men camped in the Congarees, preparing for a march on the fort at Ninety Six. On November 30, they set out, evading the loyalist “King’s Men” regiments. On December 2 the militia stopped at the home of Captain Evan McLauren. More bodies of rebel militia joined Richardson, making a corps of 3000 men. Thomson’s rangers left McLauren’s and set out after loyalists, capturing some of them. Formal accusations of insurrection were issued against Tory leaders. Their surrender was demanded, along with their arms and ammunition. Among the captured was Thomas Fletchall, one of the most incendiary of the King’s Men, along with Captain Daniel Plummer and Captain Richard Pearis. As the rebel contingent grew throughout December to 5,000 troops, Colonel Richardson moved up the Enoree River to Raeburn Creek. King’s men continued to surrender or be captured. Richardson allowed those who would swear not to oppose the rebellion to return home with their arms. The loyalist troops who resisted headed for the Cherokee Nation territory on the Reedy River (or Reade River, as it was spelled in the McWhorter affidavit). Richardson sent Thomson with 1300 militia and rangers into the canebrake on December 21. This would not be a Christmas of peace and goodwill for these men. The men marched 25 miles through the desolate canebrake in the cold night. They struck the King’s Men in their camp at dawn, killing six and capturing 130, while the rest vanished into the wild. Thomson and his volunteers seized prisoners, arms, ammunition, and baggage, and marched back to meet Richardson on December 23. It began to rain, flooding the marshy country. Then the snow fell, two feet of it. Richardson led his cold, miserable men and their prisoners on a brutal seven-day march back to the Congarees. Richardson was unsurprised that his force dwindled as men were released or otherwise departed for home. His own words to the South Carolina Council of Safety said that as winter advanced upon them, the men were “illy provided, to tents, shoes worn out, and badly clothed.” Their families at home needed the firewood they would cut and the game they would hunt. An uneasy truce settled over the Back Country, while the British army gathered on the Atlantic coast under Cornwallis, preparing to invade. ==='''United States'''=== South Carolina Militia :Commanders and leaders: ::Colonel Richard Richardson ::Colonel William Thomson ::Colonel Francis Marion ::Captain Thomas Sumter ==='''Great Britain'''=== Loyalists: The King's Men :Commanders and leaders: ::Thomas Fletchall ::Captain Daniel Plummer ::Captain Richard Pearls ==Websites== [http://www.carolana.com/SC/Revolution/revolution_snow_campaign.html Carolana: The Snow Campaign, The American Revolution in South Carolina] ==Books== Robert D. Bass, Ninety Six: The Struggle for the South Carolina Back Country, Sandlapper Publishing Co., Inc, Orangeburg, SC, 1978.

[[Category: United States Founding Ministers]] '''United States Founding Ministers''' "To the Pulpit, the Puritan Pulpit, we owe the moral force which won our independence." -- ''John Wingate Thornton'' *[[Burnet-203 |Burnet, Matthias]] (1723-1806) * Chauncy, Charles (1705-1787) - Graduate of Harvard. Pastor First Church of Boston for sixty years. * Colman, Benjamin (1673-1747) - First pastor of Boston's Brattle Street Church. B.A. and M.A. degrees from Harvard. Awarded S.T.D. by the University of Glascow. In 1724 declined presidency of Harvard. Served as Harvard trustee from 1717-1728. Overseer at Harvard until his death. * Davies, Samuel (1724-1761) - Became the Fourth president of the College of New Jersey (Princeton University), in 1759. * [[Rogers-10081|Rogers, William]] (1751-1824) * Sewall, Joseph (1688-1769) - Graduated Harvard in 1707. Minister at the Old South Church, where he preached into his eighties. Declined the presidency of Harvard in 1724. Preached the artillery sermon in 1714. Preached the election sermon in 1724. Awarded a D.D. by the University of Glasgow in 1731. * Whitefield, George (1714-1770) - Graduated from Oxford in 1736. * Williams, Elisha (1694-1755) - Graduated Harvard in 1711. * [[Witherspoon-57|Witherspoon, John]] (1680-1734) ------ The religious convictions of the Founding Fathers of the United States continues to be subject of controversy. As with any large group of people, they had a wide range of beliefs. At one extreme, perhaps in a category by himself, was Thomas Jefferson, who as a young man seems to have deserved the label of "Deist," although he never identified himself as such. (Deists acknowledge the existence of God, but deny that a loving God intervenes in the affairs of humans.) However, later in life Jefferson insisted on describing himself as a Christian as he literally cut and pasted sections of the New Testament that he considered to be authentic, deleting all reference to miracles, for example. At the other extreme, typified by Benjamin Rush and others, was a relatively large group of orthodox Christians of their day, whether Congregationalist or Baptist or Presbyterian or Anglican. Some of the founders, while church members, showed little sign of religious conviction. Others, like John Adams (who privately denied the divinity of Jesus Christ), gave deep thought to theological questions throughout his life. The [http://www.beliefnet.com/resourcelib/docs/44/Letter_from_Benjamin_Franklin_to_Ezra_Stiles_1.html following quote], written by Benjamin Franklin shortly before the end of his life, reflects a view that was common among the colonial educated elite: :"Here is my Creed: I believe in one God, Creator of the Universe. That He governs it by his Providence. That he ought to be worshipped. That the most acceptable Service we can render to him, is doing Good to his other Children. That the Soul of Man is immortal, and will be treated with Justice in another Life respecting its Conduct in this. These I take to be the fundamental Principles of all sound Religion, and I regard them as you do, in whatever Sect I meet with them. As to Jesus of Nazareth, my Opinion of whom you particularly desire, I think the System of Morals and his Religion as he left them to us, the best the World ever saw, or is likely to see; but I apprehend it has received various corrupting Changes..." As a group, the Founders strongly believed that the Christian religion promoted morality in the people, which was essential for the survival of the republican form of government that they envisioned and constructed. ===Sources=== Information obtained from: [http://www.partyof1776.net/ Party of 1776] United States Founding Ministers For evaluation to add historical context http://teachinghistory.org/history-content/ask-a-historian/24635

[[Category:Unsung Heroes of the Revolutionary War]] '''Unsung Heroes of the Revolutionary War''' This strong lady, [[Duckett-17|Elizabeth ''Duckett'' Casey]], withstood more in her lifetime than most could live through. She is the widow of Br Gen [[Casey-731|Levi Garrett Casey]], a patriot and soldier of the Revolution. She also is an unsung heroine of the Revolution. She aided the patriot cause during that time. We honor her memory. ------- Dr. Bodo Otto came from Hannover, Lower Saxony, Germany. He began his medical training at the age of thirteen, by being apprenticed to a master surgeon and member of the College of surgeons at Hildesheim in Hannover, Lower Saxony, Germany. He completed a comprehensive examination before the Board of Physicians of the Luneburg College of surgeons on 13 June 1736 and won an appointment as Chief surgeon to the Garrison, Invalids and Prisoners in the old Fortress of Kalberg. He came to America in 1755, leaving Germany on 10 May 1755 aboard the ship, Neptune, arriving in Philadelphia on 17 October 1755. With him were his daughter, Maria Elizabeth ( from his first marriage to Anna Elizabeth SAUKE who died in 1738), his second wife, Catharina, and their three sons. Dr. Otto supported the Revolution by helping to raise troops and collect money and supplies for the American cause. He also served by treating the war wounded in hospitals in Berks and Chester Counties. He was appointed “Senior Surgeon” during 1778-78 at the Valley Forge encampment and was senior surgeon at the Yellow Springs Hospital nearby from 1778-1782. While Dr. Bodo Otto “never mastered the English languge’, he served his adopted nation well during its hour of crisis. Pennsylvania historian, Morton L. Montgomery wrote the following tribute to Dr. Bodo Otto in his Berks County In the Revolution:

Next to Washington, Gates, Mifflin, Wayne, and the other leading generals, Doctor Bodo Otto of Reading, Pennsylvania, occupied a prominence and rendered useful service equal to any other man who was engaged in the great cause of the Revolution, not on the field of battle leading his fellow men to danger and death, but amongst the hospitals as a senior surgeon, caring for and administering to the sick, wounded and dying soldiers; and yet his name is not mentioned in history.