[[Category:Holocaust Project]] [[Category: Auschwitz - Birkenau Concentration Camp]] back to [https://www.wikitree.com/wiki/Project:Holocaust''' Holocaust Project main page'''] This page is the hub for everything related to the [https://www.wikitree.com/wiki/Project:Holocaust Holocaust Project's] effort to add all victims at Auschwitz by January 27, 2025. == Process == 1) '''choose a name''' within a country, using these linked searches from [https://collections.yadvashem.org/en/names Yad Vashem], or a different site of your choosing, such as [https://www.joodsmonument.nl/en/search?advancedsearch=true the Dutch Joods Monument] or [https://www.ushmm.org/online/hsv/person_advance_search.php United States Holocaust Memorial Museum]. You are welcome to work from your own searches, these are just ideas. [https://www.wikitree.com/wiki/Space:WikiTree_BEE Wikitree Bee] has a citation function for Yad Vashem. *all results for death location Auschwitz [https://www.ushmm.org/online/hsv/person_advance_search.php?NameSearch__SourceSrchGrp=&NameSearch__ParentSourceId=&NameSearch__sort=score&NameSearch__MaxPageDocs=100&NameSearch__lname=&NameSearch__lname_accuracy=&NameSearch__fname=&NameSearch__fname_accuracy=&NameSearch__lname_maiden=&NameSearch__lname_maiden_accuracy=&NameSearch__Query=&NameSearch__SourceId=&source_list=&NameSearch__year_birth=&NameSearch__year_birth_accuracy=&NameSearch__year_death=&NameSearch__year_death_accuracy=&NameSearch__year=&NameSearch__year_accuracy=&NameSearch__place=&NameSearch__place_accuracy=&NameSearch__place_IsGeoExpand_cb_1=expand&NameSearch__place_IsGeoExpand_cb_0=&NameSearch__place_birth=&NameSearch__place_birth_accuracy=&NameSearch__place_birth_IsGeoExpand_cb_1=expand&NameSearch__place_birth_IsGeoExpand_cb_0=&NameSearch__place_prewar=&NameSearch__place_prewar_accuracy=&NameSearch__place_prewar_IsGeoExpand_cb_1=expand&NameSearch__place_prewar_IsGeoExpand_cb_0=&NameSearch__place_wartime=&NameSearch__place_wartime_accuracy=&NameSearch__place_wartime_IsGeoExpand_cb_1=expand&NameSearch__place_wartime_IsGeoExpand_cb_0=&NameSearch__place_death=auschwitz&NameSearch__place_death_accuracy=&NameSearch__place_death_IsGeoExpand_cb_1=expand&NameSearch__place_death_IsGeoExpand_cb_0=&NameSearch__meta_333=&NameSearch__meta_259= on USHMM] (89,478 as of 7 April 2024) (note: a similar search on Yad Vashem will pull about 600,000 records. Please use a birth, surname or some other location to narrow it down, don't want to overtax their servers -Elaine) *birth place Prague [https://collections.yadvashem.org/en/names/search-results?page=1&s_place_birth_search_en=prague&t_place_birth_search_en=yvSynonym&s_place_death_search_en=auschwitz&t_place_death_search_en=yvSynonym on Yad Vashem] (1,202 results as of 12 April 2024) *birth place Amsterdam [https://collections.yadvashem.org/en/names/search-results?page=1&s_place_birth_search_en=amsterdam&t_place_birth_search_en=yvSynonym&s_place_death_search_en=auschwitz&t_place_death_search_en=yvSynonym on Yad Vashem] (29,527 results as of 11 April 2024; probably 25% duplicates) *birth place Belgium [https://www.ushmm.org/online/hsv/person_advance_search.php?NameSearch__SourceSrchGrp=&NameSearch__ParentSourceId=&NameSearch__sort=score&NameSearch__MaxPageDocs=100&NameSearch__lname=&NameSearch__lname_accuracy=&NameSearch__fname=&NameSearch__fname_accuracy=&NameSearch__lname_maiden=&NameSearch__lname_maiden_accuracy=&NameSearch__Query=&NameSearch__SourceId=&source_list=&NameSearch__year_birth=&NameSearch__year_birth_accuracy=&NameSearch__year_death=&NameSearch__year_death_accuracy=&NameSearch__year=&NameSearch__year_accuracy=&NameSearch__place=&NameSearch__place_accuracy=&NameSearch__place_IsGeoExpand_cb_1=expand&NameSearch__place_IsGeoExpand_cb_0=&NameSearch__place_birth=belgium&NameSearch__place_birth_accuracy=&NameSearch__place_birth_IsGeoExpand_cb_1=expand&NameSearch__place_birth_IsGeoExpand_cb_0=&NameSearch__place_prewar=&NameSearch__place_prewar_accuracy=&NameSearch__place_prewar_IsGeoExpand_cb_1=expand&NameSearch__place_prewar_IsGeoExpand_cb_0=&NameSearch__place_wartime=&NameSearch__place_wartime_accuracy=&NameSearch__place_wartime_IsGeoExpand_cb_1=expand&NameSearch__place_wartime_IsGeoExpand_cb_0=&NameSearch__place_death=auschwitz&NameSearch__place_death_accuracy=&NameSearch__place_death_IsGeoExpand_cb_1=expand&NameSearch__place_death_IsGeoExpand_cb_0=&NameSearch__meta_333=&NameSearch__meta_259= on USHMM] (113 results as of 7 Apr 2024 *birth place Luxembourg [https://www.ushmm.org/online/hsv/person_advance_search.php?NameSearch__SourceSrchGrp=&NameSearch__ParentSourceId=&NameSearch__sort=score&NameSearch__MaxPageDocs=25&NameSearch__lname=&NameSearch__lname_accuracy=&NameSearch__fname=&NameSearch__fname_accuracy=&NameSearch__lname_maiden=&NameSearch__lname_maiden_accuracy=&NameSearch__Query=&NameSearch__SourceId=&source_list=&NameSearch__year_birth=&NameSearch__year_birth_accuracy=&NameSearch__year_death=&NameSearch__year_death_accuracy=&NameSearch__year=&NameSearch__year_accuracy=&NameSearch__place=&NameSearch__place_accuracy=&NameSearch__place_IsGeoExpand_cb_1=expand&NameSearch__place_IsGeoExpand_cb_0=&NameSearch__place_birth=luxembourg&NameSearch__place_birth_accuracy=&NameSearch__place_birth_IsGeoExpand_cb_1=expand&NameSearch__place_birth_IsGeoExpand_cb_0=&NameSearch__place_prewar=&NameSearch__place_prewar_accuracy=&NameSearch__place_prewar_IsGeoExpand_cb_1=expand&NameSearch__place_prewar_IsGeoExpand_cb_0=&NameSearch__place_wartime=&NameSearch__place_wartime_accuracy=&NameSearch__place_wartime_IsGeoExpand_cb_1=expand&NameSearch__place_wartime_IsGeoExpand_cb_0=&NameSearch__place_death=auschwitz&NameSearch__place_death_accuracy=&NameSearch__place_death_IsGeoExpand_cb_1=expand&NameSearch__place_death_IsGeoExpand_cb_0=&NameSearch__meta_333=&NameSearch__meta_259= on USHMM] (6 profiles as of 11 Apr 2024) *Roma/Sinti in the Netherlands [https://www.joodsmonument.nl/en/page/344139/sinti-en-roma-namenlijst Joods Monument link] Ideally, mention on [https://www.wikitree.com/g2g/1732925/holocaust-project-auschwitz-2025 this G2G post] which surname, region, or results page you are working on. *see also: [https://wikitreebee.com/holocaust/ Wikitree (Bee) Matched List] then click the blue Show Unmatched button near the top. Just has "A" surnames right now, not sorted by country 2) '''Add the person''' to Wikitree, and '''add at least''' one more source and one family member, if possible. This will help avoid duplicates, and increase the likelihood the person can be quickly connected to the main tree. * add the category [[Category: Auschwitz - Birkenau Concentration Camp Victims]] **adding this category is very important; the other ones below are also very helpful but less essential to completing this project. See [https://www.wikitree.com/wiki/Category:Holocaust_Era_Concentration_Camps this page] for other camps, including Auschwitz I and Auschwitz-Monowitz *add the sticker just below the biography header {{Holocaust Sticker|fate=victim}} *add appropriate categories, such as Jewish Roots, Holocaust Needs More Records, Holocaust Family Tree Size One, etc. Also use the country location if you wish, i.e. Netherlands Needs Birth *continue adding to the family, or move to another name if you wish. Everyone works differently, do what suits you! == How Many? == The generally-accepted number of people who were killed at Auschwitz-Birkenau is around 1.1 million. How many will we be able to add from'' existing online'' sources? I estimate 500,000. -[[Weatherall-96|Weatherall-96]] 19:54, 22 April 2024 (UTC) This estimate is based on: *As of 22 April 2024, Yad Vashem has about 627,000 records for those who died at Auschwitz. They have a duplicate record rate of about 25%, so that's about 470,250 people. (they ask for help in merging the duplicates) *I think nearly all the Roma/Sinti will be findable, that is 21,000. (this may require access to the book ___ available at a handful of libraries) *The non-Jewish Poles (75k), Soviet POWs (15k) are among the 67,000 in the Sterbebucher. The 67,000 includes Jews and non-Jews; the Jews are already counted in Yad Vashem. I estimate the Sterbebucher has 40,000 non-Jews. -[[Weatherall-96|Weatherall-96]] 16:57, 23 April 2024 (UTC) (Many of those who do not yet have records on Yad Vashem, Arolsen Archives, etc are probably small children, for whom people are still searching for records) 470,250 (Yad Vashem) +21,000 (Roma/Sinti from book) +40,000 (Sterbebucher) +132 [https://www.auschwitz.org/en/history/categories-of-prisoners/jehovahs-witnesses/ Jehovah's Witnesses] = '''531,382''' (total Auschwitz victim estimate from existing freely-accessible sources) == Examples == See: [[Space:Sample Holocaust Project Profiles|Sample Holocaust Project Profiles]] == Sticker/Templates == See [[Space:Sample Holocaust Project Profiles|Sample Holocaust Project Profiles]] for examples to copy/paste from. Other info: Our project adds the {{Holocaust Sticker|fate=victim}} to people from all commonly-cited persecution categories. There is {{Holocaust Sticker|fate=survivor}}, and the option for free-text space, such as {{Holocaust Sticker|fate=victim|was killed in the town of ______}} (useful for death locations where there was no camp, ghetto, large massacre, etc) also For Soviet POWs, use the camp victim category and POW category, but no sticker. They are findable using this search: soviet pow and camp location. (The typical definition of the Holocaust includes only Jewish victims [about 6 million], then an extended definition includes persecution categories such as Roma/Sinti, Jehovah's witness, etc[~5 million], and the most extensive definition adds Soviet POWs[~2.5-3 million, including 15,000 at Auschwitz]. [Soviet POWs / Categories of prisoners / History / Auschwitz-Birkenau See [[Space:The Holocaust - Definitions and Statistics|this space page]] for links to more info) == Miscellaneous == *use the Auschwitz-Birkenau category unless you have specific information that they died at Auschwitz I ("main camp") or Auschwitz III (Monowitz). **post --here --- if you need a new camp category created. All the largest one are made, but hundreds of smaller ones don't have a category yet. Auschwitz had about 40 subcamps.https://www.auschwitz.org/en/history/auschwitz-sub-camps/Wikipedia [[wikipedia:List of_subcamps_of_Auschwitz|List of_subcamps_of_Auschwitz]] accessed 10 April 2024 *many websites have photos available - just link to the page, don't copy-paste the photos, please. === Yad Vashem === *Anyone can use Wikitree Bee Preview, here it is at [https://chromewebstore.google.com/detail/wikitree-bee-preview/hckhlflohlkolfmhlncgonocmkdkopfa?hl=en&authuser=1 Chrome/Edge] and [https://addons.mozilla.org/en-US/firefox/addon/wikitree-bee-preview/ Firefox]. If you want to try it, make sure to access Yad Vashem via [https://collections.yadvashem.org/en/names this page] and [https://yvng.yadvashem.org/ not this] one. Some parts of the site have this "yvng" appended to the front of the URL, I don't know why, and the citations don't work from there. *there are occasional translation errors in the relationship to victim field on the pages of testimony- specifically, I have seen "uncle" instead of "nephew". (-Elaine) Ask on this ___ G2G post if you need help reading the original language on the handwritten form. *many people have several records available.... might be best to click the tabs Record 1, Record 2, etc and see which one has the most information to cite (i.e., some documents list the parents' names & some don't) *Yad Vashem has about 7.6 million names in their database, of which they estimate 4.8 million represent individual people. They request help with matching duplicates. If you wish to do so, click the + button on the right of the profile page. You will have to give your name, country, and email address. You'll get a confirmation email, and in a few days you'll get a message like this: "At your request we have connected the name records that you mentioned as relating to: Chaja Broches Person. The numbers of the name records that were connected: 6749645,4885261 Note that this will be visible in our online database only after the next update; the database is updated every three months. **now, here is a question I don't know the answer to yet: what will happen to the citation link? Check back on [[Person-1788|Chaja Person]] in 3 months, around July 1, 2024. (-Elaine) === Wayback Machine === *if you want to go the extra mile.... you can include an archived link for webpages using a service such as Internet Archives Wayback Machine, or Ghost Archive. === Languages === *the death field for Auschwitz should be in German or Polish; English is fine, too, just be aware it may be edited later.
The drop-down menu (all info imported from FamilySearch) provides:
Konzentrationslager Auschwitz-Birkenau, Birkenau, Powiat bialski, Krakau, Polen
Obóz zagłady w Oświęcimiu II, Brzezinka, Powiat bialski, krakowskie, Polska
'''Even better''' than the drop-down for the German is:
prior to 18 January 1941:
Konzentrationslager Auschwitz-Birkenau, Bielitz, Schlesien, Preußen, Deutsches Reich
after 18 January 1941:
'''Konzentrationslager Auschwitz-Birkenau, Bielitz, Oberschlesien, Preußen, Deutsches Reich'''
(use Auschwitz, Auschwitz-Birkenau or Auschwitz-Monowitz, as needed) *You may wish to use a browser extension for quick language translations, such as [https://chromewebstore.google.com/detail/google-translate/aapbdbdomjkkjkaonfhkkikfgjllcleb chrome link] Deepl is also a good option. Of course the translations are not perfect, but are usually close enough. Don't use it for name translations though - for example, on Joods Monument, the surnmame Gans will show up as Swan, so not a proper LNAB. *See [[Space:Holocaust Era Language Help Page|Holocaust Era Language Help Page]] if you would like to view and add to common genealogical terms in the European languages commonly found in Holocaust research. (I started it but haven't done much on it.... any additions appreciated! [[Weatherall-96|Weatherall-96]] 18:00, 7 April 2024 (UTC) === Israel and Sara as middle names === Please do not put the middle names Israel and Sara in the data field, if you see them in only one document. This name was added by the Nazi regime to many Jews in 1939, see [https://encyclopedia.ushmm.org/content/en/timeline-event/holocaust/1933-1938/law-on-alteration-of-family-and-personal-names Law on alteration of family and personal names]. == Countries completed by birth location == Using Yad Vashem search results. *[https://collections.yadvashem.org/en/names/search-results?page=1&s_place_birth_search_en=lichtenstein&t_place_birth_search_en=yvSynonym&s_place_death_search_en=auschwitz&t_place_death_search_en=yvSynonym Yad Vashem Lichtenstein - 5 profiles - done] *[https://collections.yadvashem.org/en/names/search-results?page=1&s_place_birth_search_en=albania&t_place_birth_search_en=yvSynonym&s_place_death_search_en=auschwitz&t_place_death_search_en=yvSynonym Albania - 5 profiles - done]

[[Category: Auschwitz - Birkenau Concentration Camp]] [[Category: Oświęcim, Oświęcim, Lesser Poland, Poland]] [[Category: Oświęcim, Oświęcim, Małopolska, Polska]] == Overview == Auschwitz is the name of a complex of over 40 concentration, labor, prison, and extermination camps built and operated by Nazi Germany in occupied Poland. The main camps were: {{Image|file=Holocaust_pictures-26.jpg |align=c |size=260 |label=Creative commons & GNU free documentation license |caption=Auschwitz-Birkenau Entrance and Main Track }}     * Auschwitz I - the main camp and administrative headquarters in Oświęcim
    * Auschwitz II–Birkenau - a combined concentration and extermination camp in Brzezinka
    * Auschwitz III–Monowitz - a labor camp to staff a synthetic-rubber factory Approximately 1.3 million people were sent to Auschwitz, of whom at least 1.1 million died. About 90% were Jews, others included 150,000 non-Jewish Poles, 23,000 Roma, 15,000 Soviet prisoners of war, 400 Jehovah's Witnesses, an unknown number of gay men, and tens of thousands of others of diverse nationalities. Many of those not killed in the gas chambers died because of starvation, forced labor, infectious diseases, individual executions, and medical experiments.

''See [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_subcamps_of_Auschwitz List of Subcamps of Auschwitz]''
''See [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Auschwitz_concentration_camp Wikipedia] article on Auschwitz Concentration Camp'' === Auschwitz I === *At Auschwitz I, the crematorium was in operation from August 1940 until July 1943, by which time the crematoria at Auschwitz II had taken over.[Wikipedia https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Auschwitz_concentration_camp#Auschwitz_I] citing Piper, Franciszek (2000b). Długoborski, Wacław; Piper, Franciszek (eds.). Auschwitz, 1940–1945. Central Issues in the History of the Camp. Vol. III: Mass Murder. Oświęcim: Auschwitz-Birkenau State Museum. ISBN 978-8385047872. OCLC 929235229. *From German Wikipedia: https://de.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/KZ_Auschwitz_I_(Stammlager) ::At the end of January 1942, the number of detainees in the main camp had grown to 12,754. Among them were 1,305 Soviet prisoners of war. According to still available documents, a total of 36,285 people, including 9,997 registered Soviet prisoners of war, had been brought to the camp by this time. 1453 prisoners had been transported to other camps after their internment. Only 5 prisoners had managed to escape. 22,320 people had already died in Auschwitz at that time. *From http://www.wollheim-memorial.de/en/auschwitz_i_stammlager_2 : "Initially, most of those confined in the one-story stone buildings were Polish hostages, resistance fighters, and members of the Polish intelligentsia, who were scheduled to be killed—from the standpoint of the occupiers—in the interest of ensuring the ruling order. Later, people from all over Europe who were persecuted because of politics or race, as well as “asocials,” “preventive detainees,” “criminals,” and Jehovah’s Witnesses (Bibelforscher), were deported to Auschwitz. :In October 1941, more than 10,000 Soviet prisoners of war were deported from Wehrmacht POW camps to Auschwitz and housed in fenced-off blocks of Auschwitz I (Blocks 1–3, 12–14, 22–24) until March 1942. The SS used the members of the Red Army to build the Birkenau camp. :In March 1942, the camp SS set up a “women’s concentration camp” in Blocks 1 to 10 of the main camp. Most of the prisoners there were Jewish women from Slovakia. :By 1943 the number of inmates had grown to about 20,000 people, deployed at forced labor in the nearby SS-operated production facilities, agricultural activities, and experimental stations. In 1944, Auschwitz I (main camp) included a total of 28 two-story brick barracks." *Block 1 *Block 2 *Block 3 *Block 4- "The Register Book of Block 4 at Auschwitz I contained an alphabetical register of the male prisoners staying in block 4 within the Auschwitz I parent camp…... Despite the fact that the prisoners were moved to block 23 (then to barrack 23), they continued to be recorded in the Register of Block 4 during the whole period, namely from March until August 22, 1942."https://www.auschwitz.org/en/museum/about-the-available-data/registration-documents/auschwitz-i-block-4/ *Block 5 *Block 6 *Block 7 *Block 8 *Block 9 * Block 25 - (dates?) "isolation facility, designated for female detainees identified by SS doctors as unfit for further labor within the concentration camp. When the population of female prisoners reached a critical point, they were relocated to gas chambers."https://www.theauschwitztours.com/inside-auschwitz/ === Auschwitz II -Birkenau=== From https://www.auschwitz.org/en/history/auschwitz-ii/the-organizational-structure/ : "The women’s camp opened in August 1942. Located in sector BIa, it expanded to take in BIb in July 1943. Over 10 thousand women of various ethnic origins (the majority of them Jews, but also including Poles, Germans, and others) were transferred to Birkenau from Auschwitz I, where they had been held temporarily since March 26, 1942." " February 1943, was the Gypsy Family Camp (sector BIIe). Throughout its existence, a total of 23 thousand Roma and Sinti from Germany, Austria, the Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia, and the lands annexed to the Third Reich were sent there. The camp was liquidated on August 2, 1944, when the approximately 4,2 thousand Roma prisoners still there were murdered in the gas chambers." === Auschwitz III -Monowitz === ====Overview==== "There was a huge industrial complex build in Monowitz (I.G. Farben/Buna synthetic rubber factories). As the prisoners had to walk few miles from Auschwitz every day, a set of subcamps with Auschwitz III Monowitz was build nearby in 1942. Monowitz accommodations was about 10 000 - 12 000 prisoners."Cited on Wikipedia. "Auschwitz III (Monowitz)". Krakow 3D. Archived from the original on 10 December 2010. Retrieved 11 December 2012. https://web.archive.org/web/20101210065408/http://www.krakow3d.com/auschwitz-iii-monowitz-nazi-camp.html (original webpage is now seems corrupted -ElaineMartzenApr2024 ====Administration/Naming==== "For most of its existence, Monowitz was a subcamp of the Auschwitz concentration camp. After an administrative restructuring by the SS in November 1943, it became the third of the three main camps in the Auschwitz complex: KL Auschwitz I-Stammlager (Auschwitz I-main camp); Auschwitz II-Birkenau; and KL Auschwitz III-Aussenlager (Auschwitz III-subcamps). In November 1944, there was another reorganization: Auschwitz II became part of the main camp, and Auschwitz III was renamed Monowitz concentration camp"Wikipedia contributors, 'Monowitz concentration camp', Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia, 1 October 2023, 09:33 UTC, [accessed 28 April 2024][[wikipedia:Monowitz concentration_camp|Monowitz concentration_camp]] === Resources === *Death Books of Auschwitz - Fragments - Auschwitz Birkenau State Museum (Volume 1, 1995) by Auschwitz-Birkenau State Museum. Available at some libraries, see WorldCat for locations. https://archive.org/details/SterbebuecherVonAuschwitzFragmente-StaatlichesMuserumAuschwitzBirkenau-Band1-1995/page/n198/mode/1up * https://www.auschwitz.org/en/museum/auschwitz-prisoners/ ** about the available data: https://www.auschwitz.org/en/museum/about-the-available-data/ === Notes ===

[[Category:Bergen-Belsen Concentration Camp]] {{Image|file=Holocaust_pictures-4.jpg |align=c |size=m |caption=Bergen-Belsen |wrap=n }} ''1940's place name:'' Belsen, Bergen, Hannover, Deutschland Bergen-Belsen was originally established as a prisoner of war camp, also used as an exchange camp, where the Nazis planned to exchange Jewish hostages for German prisoners of war being held overseas. It later became a Nazi concentration camp holding Jews, Poles, Soviets, Dutch, Czechs, Germans, Austrians. Almost 20,000 Soviet prisoners of war and an estimated 50,000 inmates were killed there, about 35,000 of them from starvation or illness. Bergen-Belsen was the first major concentration camp to be liberated, on April 15, 1945 by the British 11^th Armoured Division. Approximately 60,000 prisoners, most starving and seriously ill, were discovered by the soldiers, along with 13,000 corpses lying unburied.

''See [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bergen-Belsen_concentration_camp Wikipedia] article on Bergen-Belsen Concentration Camp.'' Several trains had left from Bergen-Belsen, "evacuated" before advancing Allied troops approached. They included "The Lost Train" Video of former Bergen-Belsen prisoners liberated on train near Farsleben https://www.timesofisrael.com/newly-found-footage-shows-moments-us-troops-saved-thousands-of-jews-from-nazi-train/

[[Category: Buchenwald Concentration Camp (Nazi Regime)]] == History == ''please feel free to edit and add to this page.''[[Weatherall-96|Weatherall-96]] 20:31, 8 March 2024 (UTC) {{Image |file=Holocaust_pictures-24.jpg |align=r |size=90px |label=June 2006. Stephen Bell, Zyonig' |caption=Memorial at Buchenwald }} == Notable Prisoners == == Resources == * [http://www.buchenwald.de/en/69/ Buchenwald and Mittelbau-Dora Memorials Foundation], Buchenwald Memorial * [http://www.chgs.umn.edu/museum/memorials/buchenwald/ University of Minnesota], Holocaust and Genocide Studies, Collections and Exhibitions *[https://collections.ushmm.org/oh_findingaids/RG-50.028.0091_trl_en.pdf Interview with survivor Henryk Dornik]

This page is for military personnel who are involved in liberating concentration camps during World War II. It’s possible there will be a category or search parameter for these individuals later, but for now this is what there is. Please feel free to add camps and people. == Buchenwald == == Dachau == *[[Weatherall-144|John Theodore Weatherall (1924-2004)]] *[[Doherty-2184|Michael Joseph Doherty (1910-1986)]] == Mauthausen == [[Lalonde-1481|Mitchell Antoine Lalonde (1920-1992)]]

'''This page was last updated in 2019; please see [[Space:Proposal_for_Holocaust_categories_2023|Proposal for Holocaust categories 2023]] for the new work.''' [[Weatherall-96|Weatherall-96]] 21:20, 10 December 2023 (UTC) == == {{Image |file=HolocaustSourceDocuments.gif |align=l |size=100 |wrap=y }} {{Image |file=HolocaustSourceDocuments.gif |align=r |size=100 |wrap=y }} === FINAL HOLOCAUST CATEGORY STRUCTURE PLAN === '''This page tracks progress on implementation of new structure.''' === Old Structure === Holocaust - ''top level does not contain profiles'' : Holocaust Fate Unknown
   ''has profiles of persons known to have been persecuted but not known to have either died
   or survived as of the end of World War II'' : Holocaust Heroes - ''has profiles of persons who helped persecuted persons to survive'' :: Righteous Among the Nations - ''has profiles of those heroes whose efforts were so extreme
   that they were honored with this award'' : Holocaust Survivors - ''has profiles of persecution victims who were alive as of the end of World War II'' : Holocaust Victims - ''(high level does not contain profiles) persecution victims who died before the end of World War II'' :: Holocaust Victims at Unknown Location - ''has profiles of persons known to have died but
   circumstances not known - could have died while imprisoned or from murder, illness,
   suicide, or any other cause while not imprisoned'' ::Holocaust Victims - Other - ''has profiles of persons who died as a result of persecution in
   places other than a camp or ghetto'' ::Holocaust Victims at {name of camp/ghetto}   - ''has profiles of persons who died while
   imprisoned (more than one may be used if a person was moved from one camp/ghetto
   to another'' ::Holocaust Victims in {name of a country}   - ''categories that do not belong'' ::Holocaust Victims at {name of a county/city/town/village/other geographic location}   - ''categories that do not belong unless they were massacre locations'' : Living Holocaust Descendants - ''technically not part of the project - only exists to enable project to
   manage orphaned profiles that would otherwise have been deleted'' : Stolpersteine
   ''has profiles of persons who have been honored with a stolpersteine'' === New Structure === Holocaust : Holocaust Tributes - new high level category
    ''{{Red|new page made - needs content}}'' :: Holocaust Heroes - no change, but new location in structure
    ''{{Red|page moved - needs content}}'' :: Righteous Among the Nations - no change, but new location in structure
    ''{{Red|DONE}}'' :: Stolpersteine - no change, but new location in structure
    ''{{Red|page moved - needs editing}}'' :: {''Name of Resistance Group''} - multiple new categories : Holocaust Camps - new high level category
    ''{{Red|new page made - needs content}}'' :: {Holocaust Camps, Name of Camp} - multiple categories
    ''{{Red|all pages made - some done, some need editing, some need content}}'' : Holocaust Ghettos - new high level category
    ''{{Red|new page made - needs content}}'' :: {Holocaust Ghettos, Name of Ghetto} - multiple categories
    ''{{Red|all pages made - some done, some need editing, some need content}}'' : Holocaust Massacres - new high level category
    ''{{Red|new page made - needs content}}'' :: {Holocaust Massacres, Name of Place} - multiple categories
    ''{{Red|all pages made - all need content}}'' : Holocaust Persecution Victims - new high level category
    ''{{Red|new page made - needs content}}'' :: Holocaust Fate Unknown - no change, but new location in structure
    ''{{Red|page moved - needs editing}}'' :: Holocaust, Died - new category includes all profiles now in all subcategories of Victims (''of starvation, illness, individual killing, mass killing, suicide, forced labor, medical experiments'')
    ''{{Red|new page made - needs content}}'' :: Holocaust Escaped - new category (''from camp, ghetto, or transport thereto'')
    ''{{Red|new page made - needs content}}'' :: Holocaust Liberated - new category (''from camp or ghetto at end of war'')
    ''{{Red|new page made - needs content}}'' :: Holocaust Hidden - new category (''out of sight or passing for non-Jewish'')
    ''{{Red|new page made - needs content}}'' :: Holocaust Emigrated - new category (''to safe country'')
    ''{{Red|new page made - needs content}}'' : Living Holocaust Descendants (no change) === Notes === # Profiles now in Holocaust Survivors or a subcategory of Holocaust Victims will all end up in exactly one subcategory of new Persecution Victims # Profiles in subcategories of new Persecution Victims can additionally be in one or more camp/ghetto category and/or stolpersteine category # There will be a very large number of profiles in the Holocaust Died category - we may have to subcategorize it. If possible, it would be better to just add an alphabetic index to facilitate locating profiles. # Categories for places to which they immigrated or geographic locations where they died outside camps/ghettos already exist outside the Holocaust project and can be used, as desired, on Holocaust profiles.

[[Category:Kindertransport]] == Overview == "Most of the 2050 or so Dunera internees — or Dunera boys, as they are commonly known — were German and Austrian Jews, many of them refugees from Hitler’s regime. In 1940, on Churchill’s orders, these “enemy aliens” were arrested in Britain and deported to Australia, where they were to be held for the duration of the second world war."Spark, Seumas. "A Dunera life: Sent to Australia as an “enemy alien” by Churchill’s government, Bern Brent spent decades challenging conventional accounts of the internees’ lives" 17 Sept 2023 . Online. Accessed 25 Jan 2024. https://insidestory.org.au/a-dunera-life/ == Kindertransport Internees == #Gerd Bernstein, changed name to Bern Brent (b~1923 - d.2022) == Other Internees == == Sources == See also: *https://www.thejc.com/life-and-culture/this-is-what-really-happened-to-the-children-of-the-kindertransport-ss4nj8cw

[[Category:Holocaust Project]] This page is a workspace to describe the paths of different death marches, and decide how to create categories for them. "The largest death marches were launched from Auschwitz and Stutthof. " https://encyclopedia.ushmm.org/content/en/article/death-marches ==Overview== Is there a list of death marches? Not exactly, I don't think so. -[[Weatherall-96|Weatherall-96]] 01:33, 26 April 2024 (UTC) We can make one here.... the tricky part is where are the start and stop location, if people stayed at one location for a number of weeks? Things like that. Anyway, here we can record what we find: From USHMM: *"Major evacuation operations moved prisoners out of Auschwitz, Stutthof, and Gross-Rosen westward to Buchenwald, Flossenbürg, Dachau, and Sachsenhausen in winter 1944-1945; from Buchenwald and Flossenbürg to Dachau and Mauthausen in spring 1945; and from Sachsenhausen and Neuengamme northwards to the Baltic Sea in the last weeks of the war." A map is also available at this cited link.Death Marches https://encyclopedia.ushmm.org/content/en/article/death-marches *"Tens of thousands of prisoners, mostly Jews, were forced to march either northwest for 55 kilometers (approximately 30 miles) to Gliwice (Gleiwitz), joined by prisoners from subcamps in East Upper Silesia, such as Bismarckhuette, Althammer, and Hindenburg, or due west for 63 kilometers (approximately 35 miles) to Wodzislaw (Loslau) in the western part of Upper Silesia, joined by inmates from the subcamps to the south of Auschwitz, such as Jawischowitz, Tschechowitz, and Golleschau." Death March from Auschwitz https://encyclopedia.ushmm.org/content/en/timeline-event/holocaust/1942-1945/death-march-from-auschwitz *Auschwitz to Gliwice *subcamps in East Upper Silesia, such as Bismarckhuette, Althammer, and Hindenburg to Gliwice *Auschwitz to Wodzislaw *subcamps to the south of Auschwitz, such as Jawischowitz, Tschechowitz, and Golleschau *Stutthof to - *Groß-Rosen to - *Neungamme to Baltic Sea (ending in Bay of Lubeck disaster) *Chemnitz, Buchenwald, and the Mauthausen concentration camp (February to May 1945). from Simon Wisenthal's Wikipedia page.Wikipedia contributors, 'Simon Wiesenthal', Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia, 16 March 2024, 19:52 UTC, [accessed 26 April 2024] [[wikipedia:Simon Wiesenthal|Simon Wiesenthal]] *Dachau to Tegernsee. Departed Dachau April 26, 1945, arrived Tegernsee May 2, 1945. (cities in between: Allach, Krailling, Gauting, Leutstetten, Starnberg, Percha, Aufkirchen, Wolfratshausen, Beurberg, Koenigsdorf, Bad Toelz, Waakirchen, Gmund) p208Halevy, Yechiam. Historical Atlas of the Holocaust. p205-209 map. == Auschwitz == === Profiles === * [[Jacobs-12672|Lijdia Amalia Jacobs (1905-1945)]] == Golleschau== An Auschwitz subcamp. "In January 1945, the sub-camp was evacuated to Wodzisław Śląski, and from there to Sachsenhausen and Flossenbürg." https://www.auschwitz.org/en/history/auschwitz-sub-camps/golleschau/ == Helmsbrechts == *From photograph description, full route and history described; the beginning reads: "Helmsbrechts death march began in Gruenberg, a sub-camp of Gross Rosen in Lower Silesia. The prisoners of Gruenberg, consisting of 900 Jewish women of mixed nationality, were evacuated along with 900 other female prisoners from another Gross Rosen sub-camp known as Puerschkau (or Schlesiersee)."USHMM Photograph Number: 24679 https://collections.ushmm.org/search/catalog/pa1085969 ** also see German Wikipedia, under Jewish prisoners section, for route & other info. https://de.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/KZ-Außenlager_Helmbrechts === Profiles === Will need new category: * [[Gokkes-69|David Gokkes (1923-1945)]] == Profiles with Death March route not specified == *[[Muller-13004|Herman Ernest Muller (1917-1945)]] == Story == Here is a story which shows the journey of [[Albohair-1|Samuel Albohair (1916-1997)]]. From "Famille Albohair in Cercle d'Etudes sur la Deportation et de la Shoah" Convoi 76 > Liste et notices biographiques Famille ALBOHAIR dimanche 11 avril 2021. https://www.cercleshoah.org/spip.php?article912&lang=fr Bold emphasis added on some locations. * Jun 1944- Jan 1945: Auschwitz III / Monowitz/« Buna », d’IG Farben-Industrie destinée à fabriquer du caoutchouc synthétique. Il devient le déporté A-16542. Il donne comme profession fabricant de sac. *Le 18 janvier 1945, il fait partie des 250 à 300 déportés du convoi 76 évacués du camp de '''Monovitz'''. Il effectue la première marche de la mort..... jusqu’à la ville de '''Gleiwitz'''. * Le 20 ou le 21 janvier, 2451 déportés sont entassés dans des wagons à charbon.... *Après six jours de transport, il arrive vivant avec 100 hommes du convoi 76 le 26 janvier 1945 au camp de '''Buchenwald'''. Il subit encore plusieurs évacuations entre le 5 et le 9 mars et en avril 1945 à la suite desquelles il passe par le camp de '''Natzweiler''' où il travaille dans le Kommando de Bisnigen, d’où il repart en avril pour le camp de '''Dachau''' où il est libéré." ** Sa fiche médicale établie à son retour indique qu’il a perdu 12 kilos." == Sources ==

- Anyone feel free to edit - This page is intended to cover the most basic genealogical word translations from common European languages into English. There are many such pages available at FamilySearch....the goal here is to have it all on one page and add a few other useful word for this type of research (emigrated, etc) == Dutch == See: [https://www.familysearch.org/en/wiki/Dutch_Genealogical_Word_List FamilySearch List & pronunciation guide] == French == See: [https://www.familysearch.org/en/wiki/French_Genealogical_Word_List FamilySearch List & pronunciation guide] == German == See: [https://www.familysearch.org/en/wiki/German_Genealogical_Word_List FamilySearch List & pronunciation guide] It has more words and word variations than listed here. *birth - geboren, abbeviated geb.
*ausgewandert - emigrated
*evakuiert - evacuated *rüküberstellt - transferred back (example Josef Derek[.. link]) *year - Jaar == Hebrew == Family words: *niece: אחיינית *nephew: אחיין == Hungarian == Important: often women took the first name of their husband and added "za" to the end. See [ wikipedia article] from Yad Vashem page of testimony: (via google translate, please help correct if something is wrong!) *leanykori neve - maiden name *elozo/mas csaladi neve - other last name == Polish == See: [https://www.familysearch.org/en/wiki/Polish_Genealogical_Word_List FamilySearch List & pronunciation guide] == Russian == See: [https://www.familysearch.org/en/wiki/Russian_Genealogical_Word_List FamilySearch List & pronunciation guide]

This page is to record research on locations that our project hasn't done much work on yet. The first list here is copy-pasted from the Massacres cateogy - many of the cats were created years ago, but have no profiles and need more research. Please feel free to record any info below each one; leave an "answer" on [https://www.wikitree.com/g2g/1737167/do-you-need-a-new-holocaust-category this G2G post] if you are ready for the category to be created. *Holocaust Massacres, Garliava **https://defendinghistory.com/garliava-lithuania-on-the-towns-holocaust-mass- grave-and-its-old-jewish-cemetery/113850*Holocaust Massacres, Kalvarija **https://www.komisija.lt/wp- content/uploads/2016/06/A.Bubnys_Province_ENG.pdf*Holocaust Massacres, Kybartai *Holocaust Massacres, Kėdainiai *Holocaust Massacres, Lazdijai *Holocaust Massacres, Marijampolė *Holocaust Massacres, Panevėžys *Holocaust Massacres, Pilviškiai **the Jews of Pilviškiai were rounded up and killed at the village Baidilis 4 km away. Cat name should reflect both locations, I think. ([[Weatherall-96|Weatherall-96]] 20:31, 24 January 2024 (UTC)) Also the murders happened on several dates. **https://www.warrelics.eu/forum/konzentrationslagers/pilvia-kiai-holocaust-site-lithuania-641268/ **https://www.jewishgen.org/yizkor/lithuania4/lit4_352.html *Holocaust Massacres, Seirijai *Holocaust Massacres, Ukmergė *Holocaust Massacres, Vilkaviškis *Holocaust Massacres, Šilalė *Belgium transit camp https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mechelen_transit_camp **profiles- [[Rubin-114|Salomon Rubin (abt.1867-1942)]] and possibly family == Sources ==

[[Category:Holocaust Project]] Anyone can create new categories for the Holocaust Project, following the existing structure. But if you'd rather someone create it for you, you may make requests here by leaving a comment on this page.[[Weatherall-96|Weatherall-96]] 00:56, 19 March 2024 (UTC) === Needs research === * Diese aka Dietz Camp- This category had been created some years ago as "Category: Holocaust Camps, Diese" with only one profile in it, which was for US servicemember [[Békessy-1|János (Békessy) Habe (1911-1977)]] I deleted the category on 18 March 2024 and would like to remake it in an appropriate stream, once more info has been gathered on it.[[Weatherall-96|Weatherall-96]] 00:58, 19 March 2024 (UTC) **The description line on the category was: "The Diese Dulag (meaning transit camp), located in Lorraine, France, was a collection point for prisoners captured by the Nazis, prior to transporting them to concentration camps." **I think it may have been a POW camp?[[Weatherall-96|Weatherall-96]] 00:56, 19 March 2024 (UTC) **not to be confused with Diez Prison in Germany.https://www.frankfallaarchive.org/prisons/diez-prison/ == Sources ==

back to [https://www.wikitree.com/wiki/Project:Holocaust''' Holocaust Project main page'''] ==Online Resources== === FamilySearch Wiki List === *[https://www.familysearch.org/en/wiki/Czechia_Genealogy Czech] *[https://www.familysearch.org/en/wiki/Hungary_Genealogy Hungary] *[https://www.familysearch.org/en/wiki/Slovakia_Genealogy Slovakia] === International === * [http://www.yadvashem.org/ Yad Vashem World Center for Holocaust Research]. Name database and [https://collections.yadvashem.org/en/deportations transport database] **page of testimony citation example at [[https://archive.org/details/evidenceexplaine0003mill/page/478/mode/2up?q=yad+vashem Elizabeth Shown Mills, Evidence Explained]] * [http://www.mjhnyc.org/findex.html Museum of Jewish Heritage] - A Living Memorial to the Holocaust. * [http://www.jewishgen.org/databases/ JewGen Databases] * [http://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/index.html Jewish Virtual Library]. * [http://www.aish.com/ho/o/48961881.html Aish.com] Holocaust Studies. * [http://jinh.lima-city.de/gene/aron/121008_Impact_of_the_Holocaust_on_the_Descendants_of_the_Speier_Family_Ancestors.pdf Impact of the Holocaust on the Decendants of Saloman Speyer , b. 1660 ; Moses Katz ,b. ca 1670; Joseph Plaut, b. 1590 in Vacha & Heremias Katz, n. 1720] * [http://db.yadvashem.org/names/nameDetails.html?itemId=4882616&language=en The Central Database of Shoah Victims' Names] === France === * [https://ressources.memorialdelashoah.org/ Mémorial de la Shoah] **[https://ressources.memorialdelashoah.org/rechav_pers.php Search page] (site is in French, a browser translation tool should work) * [http://www.lesmortsdanslescamps.com/indexen.html Deaths in the Camps], an exhaustive French government compiled list of Holocaust victims, sorted by name or by country, with camps where they died. * [https://www.jta.org/1940/01/22/archive/156-noted-refugees-listed-as-released-from-french-isolation-camps Jewish Telegraphic Agency], 156 Noted Refugees Listed As Released from French Isolation Camps === Germany === * [https://arolsen-archives.org/en/search-explore/search-online-archive/ the Arolsen Archives] are the world’s most comprehensive archive on National Socialist persecution. The documents were collected to help clarify the fates of the victims of persecution. They contain information on victims of the Holocaust and concentration camp prisoners, on foreign forced laborers and on the survivors who were trying to rebuild their lives as displaced persons. * [https://www.bundesarchiv.de/gedenkbuch/chronicles.html.en?page=3 Das Bundes Archiv Memorial Book Victims of the Persecution of Jews under the National Socialist Tyranny in Germany 1933 - 1945 ] * [http://www.bundesarchiv.de/gedenkbuch/directory.html SEARCH FUNCTION in Memorial Book at www.bundesarchiv.de] *[https://ofb.genealogy.net/juden_nw/?lang=de Family database of Jews in the German Reich] * [http://sternmail.co.uk/sld/ Stern & Lobl Families Database]. * [http://archive.org/stream/AncestorsAndDescendants2002Revision/AncestorsAndDescendantsFixed2011-10-04_djvu.txt Internet Archive] - The Descendants of MOISES ANSCHEL of Polch, DANIEL BENDER of Munstermaifeld, JOSEF DANIEL of Merzbach, JAKOB FABER of Mertloch, ANDREAS FRTESEM ofFriesheim and Burghrohl, HERZ HAYMANN (HAIMANN) of Bassenheim, SALOMON HERZ of Polch, JOSEPH (JUDA JOOSEL) HERZ of Schweinheim, MEYER JOSEPH HERZ of Schweinheim, LOEB HIRSCH of Augsburg and Polch, ABRAHAM LEVY of Gappenach, DANIEL WOLFF of Mertloch, NSCHEL WOLFF of Ochtendung, and Other Related Jewish Families from Bassenheim, Burghrohl, Euskirchen, Flamersheim, Mertloch, Niederzissen, Ochtendung, Pillig, Polch, Sinzig, Wierschem, and Neighboring Towns in Germany and in Meerssen, the Netherlands. === Greece === *[http://www.mappingthechildhood.com/ student database for 1900s, with some photos] === Netherlands === * [http://www.joodsmonument.nl/?lang=en Digital Monument to the Jewish Community in the Netherlands] * Page about 1 street in Amsterdam, of whom about 200 of its Jewish inhabitants were killed https://www.joodsamsterdam.nl/henri-polaklaan-plantage-franschelaan/ * [http://www.levie-kanes.com/ The Levie-Kanes Dutch Genealogical Collection] *Turkish Jews in Westerbork https://www.bevrijdingintercultureel.nl/eng/turksjood.html * [http://www.maxvandam.info/humo-gen/index/humo9_/ Stambomen van Nederlands Joodse families] === USA === * [http://www.ushmm.org/ The United States Holocaust Memorial Museum] * [http://www.crarg.org/ Czestochowa Radomsko Area Research Group ] * [http://access.cjh.org/ Center for Jewish History] *[https://holocaustcenter.jfcs.org/library-archives/digital-collections-of-the-tauber-holocaust-library-and-archives/ Digital Collections of the Tauber Holocaust Library] -might only be available to Bay Area, California residents. === Poland === * [http://www.jewishgen.org/databases/poland/lodzghetto.html Lodz-Names: A Record of the 240,000 Inhabitants of the Łódź Ghetto] * [https://www.jri-poland.org/ Jewish Record Indexing, Poland] A free membership provides access to their extensive database of indexed records in the Polish national government archive. There are also many direct links to scans of vital records. * [http://holocaustonline.org/ghettos-lodz-ghetto/ Holocaust Online] * [https://regestry.lubgens.eu/news.php Regestry Lubgens] A search engine for indexed vital records in the Lublin Province. It has some records not found in a jri-poland.org search and some of the indexed records have direct links to the scans. * [https://www.szukajwarchiwach.gov.pl/en/strona_glowna The home of the Polish national archive] Unfortunately, it is difficult to locate document scans here, and it is recommended to use jri-poland.org (Jewish Record Indexing, Poland) as a gateway to this site. === Ukraine === *on Ukraine, Crimean mountain Jews. [https://www.ushmm.org/m/pdfs/20130500-holocaust-in-ukraine.pdf Holocaust in Ukraine paper] *Re: smaller camps, the example of Bobruysk. https://training.ehri-project.eu/small-and-lesser-known-camps-example-bobruysk-and-other-camps *Babyn Yar: database [https://babynyar.org/ua/names in Ukrainian], [https://babynyar.org/ru/names in Russian] and [https://babynyar.org/en/names in English]. * ''Do you have any more to add?'' == Would you like to work from these stories/resources? == *list of children posted by Michel Vorenhout https://www.wikitree.com/g2g/1696212/kunnen-we-deze-joodse-kinderen-toevoegen *Popper, Werner, and Zeisler families in [https://www.centropa.org/sites/default/files/person/family_tree/roapo_popper_andrei_familytree_en.pdf Arad, Romania] *oral history of Maryla Korn https://collections.ushmm.org/search/catalog/irn506686 *please do not create any living people unless you have their permission.[[Weatherall-96|Weatherall-96]] 01:06, 16 March 2024 (UTC) **[https://www.jta.org/2017/11/07/global/a-girls-pendant-found-at-sobibor-reunites-a-jewish-family-spread-across-the-globe Karoline Cohn and her pendant at Sobibor]

[[Category:Holocaust Project]] [[Category:Jewish Roots Project]] '''This page tracks the progress of the [[Project: Holocaust| Holocaust Project]] Note: [https://plus.wikitree.com/default.htm WikiTree+] allows for some very helpful searching of WikiTree profiles. There is much more information about it [[Help:WikiTree_Plus|here]]. This page is a work in progress; I'm trying to find the best way to account for stickers vs categories, etc == Total Profiles == === Number from Holocaust Sticker search === *30 April 2024. **Template=holocaust TemplateText="survivor" 664 **Template=holocaust TemplateText="victim" 4306 ==== Holocaust Sticker plain ==== This search doesn't differentiate between survivor and victim. It searches: {{Holocaust Sticker}} Using [https://plus.wikitree.com/default.htm?report=srch1&Query=%7B%7Bholocaust+sticker%7D%7D&MaxProfiles=15000&Format= Holocaust Sticker search] WikitreePlus: * 7226 on 30 Apr 2024 :'''6187''' on 6 Apr 2024 : '''5867''' on 15 Mar 2024. : '''5807''' 8 Mar 2024 **plus 490 profiles in Holocaust Victims category; some or most will be moved to the Camps/Ghettos/Massacres structure. Most but not all of these 490 people died. https://plus.wikitree.com/function/WTWebCategoryNavigate/Category.htm?category=Holocaust%20Victims == Notables == Number of profiles in [https://www.wikitree.com/wiki/Category:Holocaust_Notables Holocaust Notables Category] :6 Apr 2024: '''16''' :8 Mar 2024: '''13''' auschwitz category vs wikitree plus https://plus.wikitree.com/default.htm?report=srch1&Query=auschwitz&MaxProfiles=15000&Format= == Auschwitz == * 4,039 on 28 Apr 2024 in Au-Birkenau cat. (4521 using [https://plus.wikitree.com/default.htm?report=srch1&Query=auschwitz+&MaxProfiles=10000&Format= WT+search] "Auschwitz") * 3,579 on 25 Apr 2024 * 3,414 on 22 Apr 2024 * 3,221 on 16 Apr 2024 * 3,069 on 6 Apr 2024 * 2,841 on 15 Mar 2024. [[:Category: Auschwitz - Birkenau Concentration Camp Victims|Auschwitz - Birkenau Concentration Camp Victims category]] Notes: I ran a search for Oświęcim anywhere in the text. (could be birth/death, etc) There were 3194 results. https://plus.wikitree.com/default.htm?report=srch1&Query=O%C5%9Bwi%C4%99cim&MaxProfiles=10000&Format= I looked at about 100 of them, and I estimate 10% had nothing to do with the Holocaust (just the village itself), and about 60% also had the word Auschwitz in the death field, so they would be picked up in the Auschwitz search (see 28 April search above) [[Weatherall-96|Weatherall-96]] 16:29, 29 April 2024 (UTC)

[[Category:Holocaust Project]] back to [https://www.wikitree.com/wiki/Project:Holocaust''' Holocaust Project main page'''] This page contains lists of searches to aid in finding people via text in their sticker. Feel free to add to it, just sign your name, thanks! [[Weatherall-96|Weatherall-96]] 19:33, 26 March 2024 (UTC) Note: Here is the template description page. https://www.wikitree.com/wiki/Template:Holocaust Here is a list of all the template texts which are used. The project can talk about standardizing them, so they are easier to search. == Auschwitz - Search by Victim Type/Category == '''Note: you must click "Get Profiles" on the left side of page to see the results, after clicking the WT Plus search link.''' *[https://plus.wikitree.com/default.htm?report=srch1&Query=Heritage+Sticker+Polish%0D%0ACategoryFull%3DAuschwitz_-_Birkenau_Concentration_Camp_Prisoners%0D%0A&MaxProfiles=500&Format= Auschwitz Prisoners with Polish sticker] *(no victims categorized yet, but here is search for when there are: [https://plus.wikitree.com/default.htm?report=srch1&Query=Heritage+Sticker+Polish%0D%0ACategoryFull%3DAuschwitz_-_Birkenau_Concentration_Camp_Victims%0D%0A&MaxProfiles=500&Format= Auschwitz Victims with Polish sticker] *Auschwitz Prisoners with Jewish Roots Sticker [https://plus.wikitree.com/default.htm?report=srch1&Query=TemplateFull%3DJewish_Roots_Sticker%0D%0ACategoryFull%3DAuschwitz_-_Birkenau_Concentration_Camp_Prisoners%0D%0A&MaxProfiles=500&Format= WT plus link] *Auschwitz Victims with Jewish Root Sticker [https://plus.wikitree.com/default.htm?report=srch1&Query=TemplateFull%3DJewish_Roots_Sticker%0D%0ACategoryFull%3DAuschwitz_-_Birkenau_Concentration_Camp_Victims%0D%0A&MaxProfiles=500&Format= WT plus link] == Search Testing == Note: you have to click "get profiles" on the left after opening the link. *need to make search for Bay of Lubeck/Cap Arcona/ other ships, depending on category recommendation outcome on g2g. [[Weatherall-96|Weatherall-96]] 21:17, 29 April 2024 (UTC) * Death marches or with hyphen, makes no difference in results (4 found Jan 29 2024) [https://plus.wikitree.com/default.htm?report=srch1&Query=death-marches&MaxProfiles=500&Format= link] [[Weatherall-96|Weatherall-96]] 19:24, 26 March 2024 (UTC) ** death-marches to Theresienstadt (has one profile, included in the above search) [https://plus.wikitree.com/default.htm?report=srch1&Query=death-marches+to+Theresienstadt&MaxProfiles=500&Format= link] *Holocaust death march (4 profiles found 29 Jan 2024; one is not Holocaust-related) [https://plus.wikitree.com/default.htm?report=srch1&Query=holocaust+death+march&MaxProfiles=500&Format= link] - [[Weatherall-96|Weatherall-96]] 19:31, 26 March 2024 (UTC) *This is a test to find''' death march victims'''… it only picked up the one I built the searcb around, and no others. [[Muller-13004|Herman Ernest Muller (1917-1945)]] Makes sense since Austria wouldn’t be the usual place. DeathLocation=Austria d1945 Holocaust [[Weatherall-96|Weatherall-96]] 19:14, 26 March 2024 (UTC) ** this search got more of what I was looking for: DeathLocation=Central Europe d1945 Holocaust * How to search for people who '''died just after the war's end'''? For this profile [[Polak-776|Julia (Polak) Bolle (1914-1945)]], I added Bergen-Belsen Prisoners, and the sticker text fate=victim|text=died days after liberation If this wording were standardized, perhaps it could be picked up in WT+searches. **currently a WT+search with "died days after liberation" turns up 2 profiles: Julia Polak, and a living Wikitree member who has all the keywords in different stickers on her profile. (not all in the same sticker). This seems like an unusual case not likely to be repeated often, so this may be a good search. Weeks after liberation, Months after liberation, etc, could be used. 3 text variations would be easy enough to search for [[Weatherall-96|Weatherall-96]] 20:22, 17 April 2024 (UTC) * [https://plus.wikitree.com/default.htm?report=srch1&Query=fate+tried+to+escape+to+the+usa&MaxProfiles=500&Format= fate tried to escape to the usa] [[Weatherall-96|Weatherall-96]] 19:31, 26 March 2024 (UTC) Need to test: *cases where the person is assumed to have died & location is not known, to ensure they are added to our complete victim list. Example: https://www.wikitree.com/wiki/Spitz-219 I just added the Holocaust Sticker in addition to the already-present fate unknown category.[[Weatherall-96|Weatherall-96]] 15:59, 31 March 2024 (UTC) == Searches for category fixes == These 2 camps are transit camps; we had Editbot add everyone to the new Prisoner category, and hand-edited these profiles who did die in that location. completed Jan 28: https://wikitree.sdms.si/function/WTWebProfileSearch/Profiles.htm?Query=CategoryFull%3DHolocaust_Camps%2C_Westerbork+DeathLocation%3DWesterbork&MaxProfiles=500&Format= completed Jan 27: https://wikitree.sdms.si/function/WTWebProfileSearch/Profiles.htm?Query=CategoryFull%3DHolocaust_Camps%2C_Amersfoort+DeathLocation%3DAmersfoort&MaxProfiles=500&Format=

[[Category:Holocaust Project]] ==Overview== Kristallnacht is the common term for "a pogrom against Jews carried out by the Nazi Party's Sturmabteilung (SA) and Schutzstaffel (SS) paramilitary forces along with some participation from the Hitler Youth and German civilians throughout Nazi Germany on 9–10 November 1938." https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kristallnacht == Victims == During the pogrom 91 Jews were murdered. "Kristallnacht the November Pogrom" Accessed 23 Apr 2024. https://www.yadvashem.org/yv/en/exhibitions/kristallnacht/index.asp #Julius Naftali in Neidenburg Article on Aron and Minna Zack’s passport https://www.yadvashem.org/yv/en/exhibitions/kristallnacht/zack-family-passport.asp #Minna Zack in Neidenburg (need maiden name. Relative of Julius Naftali) # # == Deportations == "Approximately 30,000 Jews were arrested and sent to concentration camps." == Notable Locations destroyed == "More than 1,400 synagogues across Germany and Austria were torched." *[https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fasanenstrasse_Synagogue Fasanenstrasse Synagogue] == Sources == See also: * https://www.claimscon.org/regions/north-america/united-states/new-york/survivor-story-anne-kelemen/

Łódź Ghetto (aka Litzmannstadt) {{Image|file=Holocaust_pictures-5.jpg |align=l |size=240 |caption=Łódź |wrap=n }} The Łódź Ghetto, in Poland during the German occupation (1939–1945) was a collection camp (Jewish residential district/Jewish ghetto) of the Nazi state during World War II from 1939 to 1944. It was the longest-running Nazi ghetto and the second largest in Poland after the Warsaw Ghetto. The city of Łódź was renamed Litzmannstadt in April 1940 after the former general. Like the other Nazi ghettos, it served primarily as a stopover before deportation to extermination camps Kulmhof, Auschwitz II, Majdanek, Treblinka and Sobibor. == Sources == *[[wikipedia:Łódź Ghetto|Łódź Ghetto]] *https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ghetto_Litzmannstadt

This page, created in 2023, is to hold pre-2020 info for the Holocaust Project so it doesn't get lost; it may be useful for reference. Also it has images to file. (Added April 2024) The first section was originally on the primary project page.[[Weatherall-96|Weatherall-96]] 16:26, 25 May 2023 (UTC) * Go through the [[:Category:Unsourced_Profiles|Unsourced Profiles]], [[:Category: Germany, Unsourced Profiles|Germany, Unsourced Profiles]], [[:Category:Unsourced_Profiles|Netherlands Unsourced Profiles]], and [[:Category: Needs GEDCOM Cleanup|Needs GEDCOM Cleanup]] categories, seeking those with death dates between 1938 and 1945 and try to identify those that belong in the project. ::     '''If a profile that belongs in the project is open''' then edit it to: :::1. add the category '''[[Category:Holocaust Profile Maintenance]]''' at the top. :::2. if known, add one or more of the categories: :::* '''[[Category:Holocaust Victims at '''''name of ghetto or camp''''']]''' :::* '''[[Category:Holocaust Victims - Other]]''' (for persons who died at a location other than in a ghetto or camp) :::* '''[[Category:Holocaust Victims at Unknown Location]]''' (for persons who are known to have died, but it is not known where) :::* '''[[Category:Holocaust Survivors]]''' :::* '''[[Category:Holocaust Fate Unknown]]''' :::* '''[[Category:Holocaust Heroes]]''' :::3. If the profile is to be managed or co-managed by the Holocaust Project then: ::::a. add the project box template '''{{Holocaust}}''' on the next line. ::::b. if you are manager then use the privacy tab to add wikitreeholocaust (at) googlegroups.com as manager or if you are not the manager then write to wikitreeholocaust (at) googlegroups.com to let them know they need to become manager :::4. If the profile does not require project management then add the sticker template '''{{Holocaust Sticker}}''' on the next line. ::     '''If a profile that belongs in the project is not open''' then request addition to the trusted list so that you can add the category and template or sticker and add the profile's ID to the list in the top section of the Category:Holocaust Profile Maintenance page. * Check locations named for birth, death, marriage, and in narrative of all project profiles and make corrections, as needed, to comply with WikiTree standards for place names. A volunteer for this task needs to know or be able to find out the correct way to name places in Germany, Poland, Russia, Czechoslavakia, Holland, and Belgium where Holocaust victims, survivors, and fate unknowns lived and/or were imprisoned. The place names currently in the project profiles may not be stated correctly and/or are not consistent (the main reason for the problem is that the sources do not state place names consistently). Additionally: * Check out the [[#Task_List|Task List]] below to find something to help us work on, and add yourself (or ask one of us to) to that task '''Project Communication Area for Holocaust Sticker clean-up - victims of camps''' See https://www.wikitree.com/g2g/852343/free-holocaust-stickers-hurry-and-yours-before-supply-runs for the list of camps we are working on, as well as a list of survivors. Completed Camps (in alphabetical order) * Belarus * Estonia * Poland (not individual Polish camps) * Šiauliai Lithuania * Šilalė * Stutthof * Treblinka In progress: * Auschwitz-Birkenau * Lodz (complete through letter F) * Sobibór == Collaborative Profile of the Week == :The following profiles might be good candidates to submit for collaborative improvement by the CPROTW: * [[Van_Binsbergen-13|Marion Pritchard]] * ''Think about more tasks to add to this list!'' * Add images to the project free space pages set up as image libraries at ** [[:Space:HolocaustSourceDocuments|Source Images]] == Text from Old Categories == Holocaust, Died: "A number of Holocaust victims died of illness, accident, or suicide, murder. Their deaths are attributable to the Holocaust, even though they were not imprisoned at the time they died." == Old template, needs updating == [[:Space:HolocaustProfileTemplate|Holocaust Profile Template]] == Second Section == Wayback archive links for old category pages *[https://web.archive.org/web/20240118224739/https://www.wikitree.com/wiki/Category:Holocaust%2C_Escaped Escaped], [https://web.archive.org/save/https://www.wikitree.com/wiki/Category:Holocaust%2C_Hidden Hidden], [https://web.archive.org/web/20240119011850/https://www.wikitree.com/wiki/Category:Holocaust%2C_Survived_Other_Ways Survived_Other_Ways] === Images to File === These are images I'm taking off the category pages, since we are no longer supposed to put images on category pages. I'm leaving them here til space pages are made for each camp/other location for these photos. from main Holocaust category page.... . Need to figure out more info on this car.[[Weatherall-96|Weatherall-96]] 22:58, 17 October 2023 (UTC) {{Image|file=Holocaust_pictures-16.jpg |align=c |size=s |caption=Train car, Yad Vashem Israel commons. }} ''Train car, Yad Vashem, Israel cast bronze sculpture Deportees by Marcelle Elfenbeing SwergoldWikipedia Commons/EdoM'' from bergen-belsen category page {{Image|file=Holocaust_pictures-4.jpg |align=l |size=s |caption=Bergen-Belsen |wrap=y }} from Westerbork cat page: {{Image|file=Holocaust_pictures-6.jpg |align=r |size=90px |caption=Westerbork, wikimedia commons. }} {{Image|file=Holocaust_pictures-12.jpg |align= l |size=s |caption=Memorial |wrap=y }} From Dachau page {{Image |file=Holocaust_pictures-35.jpg |align=r |size=200px |caption=Bavaria Dachau camp tower, Dachau, Germany }} From chelmno cat page {{Image |file=Holocaust_pictures-22.jpg |align=r |size=200px |label=Chelmno-fosse-commune" by Jacques Lahitte - Own work. Licensed under CC BY 3.0 via Wikimedia Commons - http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Chelmno-fosse-commune.jpg#mediaviewer/File:Chelmno-fosse-commune.jpg' |caption=Chelmno Extermination camp - Mass grave }} From Sobibor cat page {{Image |file=Holocaust_pictures-29.jpg |align=l |size=s |caption=Sobibór, sand, human ashes mausoleum. |wrap=y }} {{Image|file=Holocaust_pictures-6.jpg |align=c |size=s |caption=Westerbork, wikimedia commons. }}

'''This is the proposal as of Jan 15.''' The ~Dec 8th draft is at the archived link.Archived version of this page as of 15 December 2023. Main changes from 15 Dec to newer 17 Dec version: Holocaust Camp to Concentration Camp. https://web.archive.org/web/20231215023438/https://www.wikitree.com/wiki/Space:Proposal_for_Holocaust_categories_2023 The primary change was "Holocaust Camp" to "Concentration Camp". The ~Dec 19th draft is at this archived linkhttps://web.archive.org/web/20240108193833/https://www.wikitree.com/wiki/Space:Proposal_for_Holocaust_categories_2023 The primary changes are: *Holocaust to "Holocaust Era" *lengthening the names of the categories in order to allow for easier differentiation for topics at the exact same location (i.e. Soviet camps after WWII, etc). The Holocaust Project is following this process: [[Space:Categorization_-_Proposing_Category_Structures|Categorization - Proposing Category Structures]]. This page mentions the goals that any new proposal must meet. All of this information has been provided to the Holocaust Project members who are in the GoogleGroup, Nat Durbin, Steve Harris, and a couple other folks. My understanding is that they think all of this will work.-[[Weatherall-96|Weatherall-96]] 02:56, 5 December 2023 (UTC) Holocaust Era categories can be nested under any other applicable category, such as [https://www.wikitree.com/wiki/Category:Concentration_Camps Concentration Camp stream] and [https://www.wikitree.com/wiki/Category:World_War_II_Civilian_Casualties WWII Civilian Casualties] == Proposal == The biggest problem in the Holocaust categories is that it's unclear whether to place victims who died in the [https://www.wikitree.com/wiki/Category:Holocaust_Camps Camps] or the [https://www.wikitree.com/wiki/Category:Holocaust_Victims Persecution Victims] category stream. This proposal aims to fix that. Most significant change:
#New sub-category "Holocaust Locations" encompassing several items: camp, ghetto, massacre. You can see the current setup here: [https://www.wikitree.com/wiki/Category:Holocaust Category:Holocaust] and [https://plus.wikitree.com/function/WTWebCategoryNavigate/Category.htm?category=Holocaust here is another] way to view all the subcategories.
*to accomplish this change, it is necessary to recategorize all items in this category stream to [https://www.wikitree.com/wiki/Category:Holocaust_Camps Holocaust Camps] from [https://www.wikitree.com/wiki/Category:Holocaust_Camps%2C_Auschwitz Holocaust Camps, Auschwitz] to the new category Concentration Camps, Auschwitz, Victims. The easiest way to do this would be to rename the category - Editbot can do this. Then we will need to pull out any people from that category who did not die in that camp and put them in the new category Concentration Camps, Auschwitz, Prisoners. This is a minority; the categories Camps and Holocaust Victims at X Camp (currently nested under [https://www.wikitree.com/wiki/Category:Holocaust_Victims Holocaust Persecution Victims]) have been primarily used interchangeably over the past few years for those who died.

Less significant changes:
#Remove the little-used categories Hidden, Escaped, Survived Other Ways. That text can be findable via a WTplus search, if you put the word in the sticker like {{.....text=survived by hiding at X location}} (Done: Cats removed 22 Jan [[Weatherall-96|Weatherall-96]] 21:42, 24 January 2024 (UTC)) #All profiles in [https://www.wikitree.com/wiki/Category:Holocaust%2C_Died Died] will be moved to the new X Camp, Victims category (or other location- ghetto, massacre, or Unknown Location) #Simple name change - Holocaust, Emigrated to Holocaust, Forced Emigration. # No change: single Survivor category rather than one for each camp/ghetto location. === Table === This is a horizontal way of looking at the new version of the category streams. Not all subcategories are included past Level 2 (for example, under Holocaust Tributes, there is Righteous Among the Nations in addition to Stolpersteine. I just tried to make a simple visual) Pressing the "Navigate" button in the top right of the [https://www.wikitree.com/wiki/Category:Holocaust Holocaust categories page] shows the current setup in vertical form. https://plus.wikitree.com/function/WTWebCategoryNavigate/Category.htm?category=Holocaust Level 0 left off for viewing convenience; it's simply Holocaust. 2 Notes: *There can be parallel language categories for these English-language ones. All languages will show up in the category picker (for lower-level categories). For example, for Hebrew & German, they could be something like (התקופה הנאצית )מחנה בוכנוואלד and KZ Buchenwald Opfer (NS-Staat) (or something along these lines.... I'm an English-speaker, this is just a note/ starting point [[Weatherall-96|Weatherall-96]] 00:34, 13 January 2024 (UTC)) *On the iphone, 50 characters shows up when phone is vertical, and about 60 when it is horizontal. "Dora-Mittelbau Concentration Camp Prisoners (Buchenwald subcamp)" is 59 characters. {| border="1" class="sortable" !Level 1  !!Level 2  !!Level 3  !!Level 4  !!Level 5    |- |Holocaust Era Locations||Holocaust Era Concentration Camps||[[:Category: Buchenwald Concentration Camp (Nazi Regime)|Buchenwald Concentration Camp (Nazi Regime)]]||[[:Category: Buchenwald Concentration Camp Prisoners|Buchenwald Concentration Camp Prisoners]]||Dora-Mittelbau Concentration Camp Prisoners (Buchenwald subcamp) |- |||||||[[:Category: Buchenwald Concentration Camp Victims|Buchenwald Concentration Camp Victims]]||Dora-Mittelbau Concentration Camp Victims (Buchenwald subcamp) |- |||||||Buchenwald Concentration Camp Liberated|| |- |||Holocaust Era Ghettos||Warsaw Ghetto||Warsaw Ghetto Prisoners|| |- |||||||Warsaw Ghetto Victims|| |- |||Holocaust Era Massacres||______ Massacre||______ Massacre Victims|| |- |||||||______ Massacre Survivors [note 2]|| |- |||Holocaust Era Transport [note1]|||||| |- |Holocaust Era Tributes||Stolpersteine|||||| |- ||||||||| |- |Holocaust Era Topics||Kindertransport|||||| |- ||||||||| |- ||||||||| |- ||||||||| |- |Holocaust Era Notables|||||||| |- |Holocaust Era Survivors|||||||| |- |Holocaust Era Fate Unknown|||||||| |} *[note1] undecided if we will do train transport. - we discussed having transit or transport (as in trains, not as in transit camps) as a category alongside camp, ghetto, massacre. *[note 2] **Most massacres will not have a survivor category - Babi Yar (aka Babyn Yar) may have had as many as 29 survivors. (that's for the first massacre at Babyn Yar, there were more later at the same site) The categorization project recommends not creating a category when only a handful of profiles will go in it - however, we can still keep track of survivors of other massacres by use of sticker text combined with Wikitree Plus search. **Some massacre sites will need dates in the category, as the sites were used more than once.section titled Killing Sites: Places of Multiple Massacres https://encyclopedia.ushmm.org/content/en/article/mass-shootings-of-jews-during-the-holocaust == Other Links == Past G2G discussions, for reference: *https://www.wikitree.com/g2g/676316/proposal-for-new-policy-on-category-naming This is the proposal to make category names follow the format "Location, Theme" where possible. I think this proposal achieves that. *Other Holocaust-related discussions. Recent: [https://www.wikitree.com/g2g/1668828/fixing-the-categorization-of-concentration-camps Dec 2023]; the first post there also links to some older discussions. [https://www.wikitree.com/g2g/1492753/holocaust-jewish-category-suggestions Nov 2022] == Sources ==

[[Category: Holocaust Project]] back to [https://www.wikitree.com/wiki/Project:Holocaust''' Holocaust Project main page''']
back to [https://www.wikitree.com/wiki/Space:Auschwitz_2025 '''Auschwitz 2025 page'''] List of example profiles, from most basic to more elaborate (better biographies, inline citations, etc) ==Auschwitz Project== You can copy-paste this on many biographies: (make sure to copy-paste this over the existing Biography header so you don't get 2 headers)
[[Category:Holocaust Project, Family Tree Size One]]
[[Category:Holocaust Project, Needs More Records]]
[[Category: Jewish Roots]]
[[Category: Auschwitz - Birkenau Concentration Camp Victims]]
==Biography==
{{Holocaust Sticker|fate=victim}}
You may also want: {{Heritage Sticker |roots=Polish |image= Polish_Roots.png |imagetext= }} {{Heritage Sticker|ancestors=Romany|image=Coat-12 - Collected Images-1.jpg}} [[Category:Romany Heritage, Germany (Sinti)]] === Examples === *simple, no inline citations: [[Abram-945|Abraham Abram (1889-1942)]] *simple, with inline citations: [[Gans-532|Mietje (Gans) Abram (1888-1942)]] *with USHMM/sterbebucher citation: [[Aandagt-6|Mozes Aandagt (1894-1942)]] *longer bio: [[Erle-66|Käthe (Erle) Bernstein (1871-1942)]] *notable with excellent bio, etc [[Nussbaum-582|Felix Nussbaum (1904-bef.1945)]]

[[Category:Sobibór Extermination Camp]] [[Category: Sobibór, Włodawa, Lublin, Poland]] [[Category: Sobibór, Włodawa, Lubelskie, Polska]] Sobibór was an extermination camp located in the forest next to the railway station of Sobibór in occupied Poland. New arrivals were immediately sent to the gas chambers, with rare exceptions for those forced to serve as slave laborers assisting in the operation of the camp. Approximately 200,000 people were murdered there.




''See [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sobibor_extermination_camp Wikipedia] article on Sobibór extermination camp''                   ''1940's place name:'' Sobibór, Włodawa, Lubelskie, Polska Sobibór Extermination Camp {{Image |file=Holocaust_pictures-29.jpg |align=c |size=m |caption=Sobibór, sand, human ashes mausoleum. |wrap=y }}

[[Category: Stutthof Concentration Camp]] [[Category: Sztutowo, Nowy Dwór Gdański, Pomeranian, Poland]] [[Category: Sztutowo, Nowy Dwór Gdański, Pomorskie, Polska]] [[Category: Stutthof, Danziger Niederung, Westpreußen]] == Overview == :: ''feel free to add info to this page.'' [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stutthof_concentration_camp Stutthof] was a Nazi German concentration camp in operation from September 2, 1939 following the invasion of Poland in World War II. It was set up in a secluded, wet, and wooded area west of the small town of Stutthof (Sztutowo) in the former territory of the Free City of Danzig, 34 km (21 mi) east of the city of Gdańsk. == Links == USHMM Holocaust Survivors and Victims Database. [https://www.ushmm.org/online/hsv/source_view.php?SourceId=45972 Individual Documents Stutthoff] collection. Stutthof Museum website - https://stutthof.org/ {{Image|file=Holocaust_pictures-19.jpg |align=l |size=s |caption=Stone in Magleby churchyard, Møn, Denmark, with the names of prisoners from Stutthof concentration camp. }}

== Holocaust on Wikitree == The Holocaust Project at Wikitree seeks to document the approximately 6 million Jewish victims,https://www.yadvashem.org/archive/hall-of-names/database/faq.html and the approximately 5 million non-Jewish victims. {{Image |file = Holocaust_pictures-17.jpg |align = c |size = 200 |label = Yad Vashem Hall of Names |caption = (''click [http://www.wikitree.com/photo.php/2/26/Holocaust_pictures-17.jpg here] to see full size'')] |wrap = y }} '''Statistics of Jewish Dead''' {| |    |'''In Nazi extermination camps: '''According to Polish Institute of National Remembrance (IPN) researchers 2,830,000 Jews were murdered in the Nazi death camps (500,000 Belzec; 150,000 Sobibor; 850,000 Treblinka; 150,000 Chełmno; 1,100,000 Auschwitz; 80,000 Majdanek. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_War_II_casualties_of_Poland citing Institute of National Remembrance (IPN) (2009). Straty osobowe i ofiary represji pod dwiema okupacjami. Institute of National Remembrance (IPN). pp. 26–32. ISBN 9788376290676. Raul Hilberg puts the Jewish death toll in the death camps, including Romanian Transnistria at 3.0 million. |- |    |
'''USSR by the Einsatzgruppen: '''Raul Hilberg puts the Jewish death toll in the area of the mobile killing groups at 1.4 million. |- |    |
'''Aggravated deaths in Ghettos of Nazi-occupied Europe:''' Raul Hilberg puts the Jewish death toll in the Ghettos at 700,000. |} '''Statistics of Non Jewish Dead''' {| |    |Historians estimate 5 million additional deaths of gay people, priests, Romani people, people with mental or physical disabilities, communists, trade unionists, Jehovah’s Witnesses, anarchists, Poles and other Slavic peoples, and resistance fighters. These classes are included in this Wikipedia table. It shows Soviet civilians and Soviet POWs; they are not typicallyGoldberg, Adar’s. Canadian Encyclopedia. "Canada and the Holocaust" https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/holocaust Definition: "The Holocaust is defined as the systematic persecution and murder of 6 million Jews and 5 million non-Jews, including Roma and Sinti, Poles, political opponents, LGBTQ people and Soviet prisoners of war (POWs), by Nazi Germany from 1933 to 1945. Jews were the only group targeted for complete destruction." included in the broad definition of the Holocaust (6 million Jews + 5 million non-POW, non-Jews); the total reaches ~14-15 million if they are included. https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Holocaust_victims

|} {{Image |file = Holocaust_pictures-1.png |align = r |size = 200 |label = Major camps, ghettos, and deportation routes connecting them |caption = (''click [http://www.wikitree.com/photo.php/9/9e/Holocaust_pictures-1.png here] to see full size'') |wrap = y }} This map identifies locations of major camps and ghettos where millions of Jews and thousands of non-Jews who aided or protected them, plus an assortment of people deemed "political enemies" were imprisoned. The captives lived in deplorable conditions, performed heavy labor with no respite, and served as test subjects for medical experiments. Some were whipped, beaten, or shot by guards, mauled by guard dogs, or executed in mass gas chambers built for that purpose. Many died of malnutrition, illness, suicide, or failed attempts to escape. {{Clear}} {{Image |file = HolocaustSourceDocuments-1.gif |align = c |size = 120 |label = _ |caption = [[Project:Holocaust|'''HOLOCAUST PROJECT''']] |wrap = y }} == Overview of Definitions == Many organizations who do not limit their definition to Jews present their Holocaust definition by first mentioning Jews, then other victims of Nazi persecution, or divide the killings with the terms "Holocaust"(limited to Jews) and "Nazi Persecution" (for non-Jews). (In my review of a number of websites, it seems to me that some Holocaust organizations do not provide a clear definition of the word.-[[Weatherall-96|Weatherall-96]] 07:25, 30 December 2023 (UTC)) A sampling of definitions: === United Nations === *From the UN resolution 60/7 establishing January 27 as Holocaust Remembrance Day: https://www.un.org/en/holocaustremembrance/observance [https://documents-dds-ny.un.org/doc/UNDOC/GEN/N05/487/96/PDF/N0548796.pdf?OpenElement Text if resolution 60/7] " …. Reaffirming that the Holocaust, which resulted in the murder of one third of the Jewish people, along with countless members of other minorities, will forever be a warning to all people of the dangers of hatred, bigotry, racism and prejudice, 1. Resolves that the United Nations will designate 27 January as an annual International Day of Commemoration in memory of the victims of the Holocaust; 2. Urges Member States to develop educational programmes that will inculcate future generations with the lessons of the Holocaust in order to help to prevent future acts of genocide…." *US Holocaust Museum Memorial(USHMM): "Documenting Numbers of Victims of the Holocaust and Nazi Persecution" https://encyclopedia.ushmm.org/content/en/article/documenting-numbers-of-victims-of-the-holocaust-and-nazi-persecution "The Holocaust was the systematic, bureaucratic, state-sponsored persecution and murder of six million Jewish men, women and children by the Nazi regime and its collaborators. The Nazis, who came to power in Germany in January 1933, believed that Germans were "racially superior" and they wanted to create a “racially pure” state. Jews, deemed "inferior," were considered an alien threat to the so-called German racial community. During the era of the Holocaust, German authorities also targeted and killed other groups, including at times their children, because of their perceived racial and biological inferiority: Roma (Gypsies), Germans with disabilities, and some of the Slavic peoples (especially Poles and Russians). Other groups were persecuted for political or ideological reasons, or on the basis of what the Nazi regime considered to be criminal behavior. Among these groups were Communists, Socialists, Jehovah's Witnesses, and gay men." === International Holocaust Remembrance Alliance === *"The IHRA established the Committee on the Holocaust, Genocide and Crimes Against Humanity to develop and share good practices on how to sensitively reflect and discuss the Holocaust and other cases of genocides without diminishing their respective differences in an educational and research environment. The Committee has produced pedagogical guidance for educators; a publication comprising an overview of programs provided by 120 organizations worldwide that deal with the Holocaust in comparison to other mass atrocities; and its most recent report, History Never Repeats itself, but Sometimes it Rhymes: comparing the Holocaust to different Atrocities, which explores what we mean by “compare” when we relate the Holocaust to another genocide." International Holocaust Remembrance Alliance. "Holocaust, Genocide and Crimes against Humanity" https://www.holocaustremembrance.com/holocaust-genocide-and-crimes-against-humanity accessed 31 Dec 2023. *From the article "What is Holocaust distortion and why is it a problem?"International Holocaust Remembrance Alliance. "What is Holocaust distortion and why is it a problem?" 24.01.2022. https://www.holocaustremembrance.com/news-archive/what-holocaust-distortion-and-why-it-problem **"The eventual goal of Holocaust denial is to recast history to erase the legacy and reality of the genocide of the Jews and related atrocities by the Nazis and their collaborators." **Part of the 10-item list: "Use of the term “Holocaust” to refer to events or concepts that are not related to the genocide of European and North African Jewry by Nazi Germany and its collaborators." === Encyclopedia Brittanica: Scotland/USA === *Encyclopedia Brittanica: Holocaust, the systematic state-sponsored killing of six million Jewish men, women, and children and millions of others by Nazi Germany and its collaborators during World War II." === England === *Wiener Holocaust Library's "Holocaust Explained" Educational program for children 13-18:https://www.theholocaustexplained.org/what-was-the-holocaust/ "The Holocaust (Shoah) is the term for the murder of around six million Jews by the Nazi regime and their collaborators during the Second World War...... The term ‘Holocaust’ can also refer to the orchestrated murder of Roma . Other groups were also targeted by the Nazi regime: disabled people, Soviet Prisoners of War and civilians, Polish civilians, homosexuals, socialists, communists and trades unionists, Freemasons and Jehovah’s Witnesses." * Centre for Holocaust Education (UK) "While the Centre uses the term ‘the Holocaust’ to refer specifically to the genocide of 6 million European Jews, we know that the Nazis and their collaborators also committed mass violence against many other groups..." Non-Jewish victims of Nazi persecution and murder: Using national research to inform your classroom practice. https://holocausteducation.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/1.-Non-JewishVictimsOfNaziPersecutionMurder-Digital.pdf *English Wikipedia https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Holocaust note at top: "This article is about the state-sponsored genocide of European Jews during World War II. For all peoples persecuted during this era, see Holocaust victims." And intro/definition: "The Holocaust was the genocide of European Jews during World War II. Between 1941 and 1945, Nazi Germany and its collaborators systematically murdered some six million Jews across German-occupied Europe, around two-thirds of Europe's Jewish population." *Imperial War Museum(UK) https://www.iwm.org.uk/history/what-was-the-holocaust "The Holocaust was the systematic murder of Europe's Jews by the Nazis and their collaborators during the Second World War." === France === *In France, '''Shoah''' is generally preferred over Holocaust, and both refer to Jews: Dictionary "Le Petit Larousse (2004) précise-t-il à l’entrée « Holocauste » : « génocide des Juifs d'Europe perpétré par les nazis et leurs auxiliaires de 1939 à 1945 […]. On dit plus couramment Shoah"https://fr.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shoah En France et dans le monde francophone, pour nommer l'événement, l'usage a tendance à consacrer le terme « Shoah », préféré à « Holocauste ». Ainsi Le Petit Larousse (2004) précise-t-il à l’entrée « Holocauste » : « génocide des Juifs d'Europe perpétré par les nazis et leurs auxiliaires de 1939 à 1945 […]. On dit plus couramment Shoah. » *https://www.memorialdelashoah.org/le-sens-des-mots.html discussion on the terms concentration camps and crimes against humanity *From the Council of Europe Factsheet on Roma Genocide:https://www.coe.int/en/web/roma-genocide/france **In 1954, France established the last Sunday of April as a day to commemorate the victims of National Socialism. The official ceremony, which begins at the Shoah Memorial (Mémorial de la Shoah), commemorates all deportations during World War II, including those of Roma and homosexuals.France officially commemorates the Jewish victims of the Holocaust on the Sunday closest to 16 July. The memorial day is called the National Day of Remembrance of the Victims of Racist and Anti-Semitic Crimes of the So-Called “Government of the French State”, and in Homage to the Righteous among the Nations from France (Journée nationale à la mémoire des victimes des crimes racistes et antisémites de l’État français et d’hommage aux Justes de France). The day commemorates the rounding up of Jews in the Vélodrome d’Hiver, a former cycle track in Paris, on 16 and 17 July 1942 – the biggest round-up of Jews that took place on French territory during World War II. The day was officially introduced by President François Mitterrand on 3 February 1993. In addition to these official events, the Holocaust is commemorated on numerous other occasions related to historical events, such as the Warsaw Ghetto Uprising commemorated during Yom HaShoah. Remembrance activities also take place around 27 January, the International Day of Commemoration in Memory of the Victims of the Holocaust. **In October 2010, a law proposal, Proposition de loi n°273, was presented in front of the National Assembly stating the official recognition of the Roma Genocide and setting the official commemoration of this genocide on 5 April. **In 2013, French President François Hollande acknowledged the State responsibility in the internment of Roma from 1940 to 1946 during a tribute ceremony in Montreuil-Bellay, one of the 31 camps managed by Vichy regime. === Germany === *Wikipedia article is titled: "Holocaust" with subtitle "staatlich organisierter Völkermord an den europäischen Juden durch das nationalsozialistische Deutschland während des Zweiten Weltkriegs" (Deepl Translate: State-organized genocide of European Jews by National Socialist Germany during the Second World War) *Published 1953: [https://archive.org/details/finalsolution00reit The final solution : the attempt to exterminate the Jews of Europe 1939-45 by Reitlinger, Gerald] === Netherlands === *[https://nl.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Holocaust Dutch Wikipedia] Discussion on counting non-Jewish victims Citing scholars for each position *[https://www.holocaustnamenmonument.nl/posts/welke-namen-komen-op-het-monument-292/ Names Monument in Amsterdam] - Jews & Roma/Sinti === Poland === * Wikipedia article is titled:Zagłada Żydów (zagłada europejskich Żydów w czasie II wojny światowej) [Google Translate: Extermination of Jews (the extermination of European Jews during World War II)] There’s a section on the term and primary meaning, and a section in wider meanings. === Spain === *[https://es.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Holocausto Spanish Wikipedia]: The overview at the top names exclusively Jews ("es el genocidio realizado por el régimen de la Alemania nazi contra los judíos de Europa durante el transcurso de la Segunda Guerra Mundial") citing [https://dle.rae.es/holocausto this dictionary] but the dictionary gives this WWII definition: Exterminio sistemático de judíos y de otros grupos humanos llevado a cabo por el régimen de la Alemania nazi. From Spanish Wikipedia table:"Cifra de víctimas Aproximadamente 11 000 000 de asesinados entre judíos, gitanos y otros grupos étnicos, sociales e ideológicos" === United States === *" In 1980, the United States Congress unanimously voted to form the United States Holocaust Memorial Council. Its mandate was the creation of a living memorial to the 6 million Jews and millions of other victims who perished during the Holocaust."" History of the United States Holocaust Memorial Museum" accessed 15 Mar 2024. [https://encyclopedia.ushmm.org/content/en/article/history-of-the-united-states-holocaust-memorial-museum Live Link] and [https://web.archive.org/web/20231208085247/https://encyclopedia.ushmm.org/content/en/article/history-of-the-united-states-holocaust-memorial-museum Archived Link] * Holocaust Encyclopedia online hosted by United States Holocaust Memorial and Museum: "Holocaust: The Holocaust was the state-sponsored systematic persecution and annihilation of European Jewry by Nazi Germany and its collaborators between 1933 and 1945. Jews were the primary victims. Six million were murdered."https://encyclopedia.ushmm.org/content/en/article/glossary accessed 1 Jan 2024 **And: "Who Were the Victims? The Nazi regime persecuted different groups on ideological grounds. Jews were the primary targets for systematic persecution and mass murder by the Nazis and their collaborators. Nazi policies also led to the brutalization and persecution of millions of others. Nazi policies towards all the victim groups were brutal, but not identical." United States Holocaust Memorial Museum, Washington, DC. Accessed from front page of website, 11 Mar 2024. Page Last Edited: Mar 4, 2020 https://encyclopedia.ushmm.org/content/en/article/mosaic-of-victims-an-overview?utm_source=website&utm_medium=homepage&utm_campaign=HP0324 *Illinois Holocaust Museum & Education Center: "The Holocaust was the world’s worst genocide with over 6 million Jews and millions of others murdered by the Nazi regime through the 30s and 40s."https://www.ilholocaustmuseum.org/learn/ accessed 31 Dec 2023 and "It is best when referencing the total number of victims of the Holocaust to say 6 million Jews and millions of others. All Holocaust organizations are making a united move to adhere to this message, and we must maintain a consistent record as a center of Holocaust education."https://www.ilholocaustmuseum.org/holocaust-misconceptions/ accessed 31 Dec 2023 and [https://web.archive.org/web/20231231121227/https://www.ilholocaustmuseum.org/holocaust-misconceptions/ archived link] *National WWII Museum (at New Orleans, Louisiana) "The Holocaust was Nazi Germany’s deliberate, organized, state-sponsored persecution and machinelike murder of approximately six million European Jews and at least five million prisoners of war, Romany, Jehovah’s Witnesses, homosexuals, and other victims." https://www.nationalww2museum.org/war/articles/holocaust ** note: inclusion of POWs. See below estimates compiled in Wikipedia - 17 million dead includes POWs, not 11 million [[Weatherall-96|Weatherall-96]] 07:20, 13 December 2023 (UTC) *[https://www.aju.edu/miller-intro-judaism-program Miller Intro to Judaism Program] (USA Conservative stream) calls the Holocaust.... paraphrasing from memory.... the genocide of 6 million Jews and the murder of 5 million others. I'm looking for my online copy, can access hard copy in January. [[Weatherall-96|Weatherall-96]] 03:56, 26 December 2023 (UTC) * Article by Deborah LipstadtLipstadt, Deborah. "The Trump Administration's Softcore Holocaust Denial." The Atlantic, 2017. [https://www.theatlantic.com/politics/archive/2017/01/the-trump-administrations-softcore-holocaust-denial/514974/ Link] and [https://web.archive.org/web/20170130223140/https://www.theatlantic.com/politics/archive/2017/01/the-trump-administrations-softcore-holocaust-denial/514974/ archived link] , current (2023) United States Special Envoy for Monitoring and Combating Antisemitism; discusses Nazi persecution against several groups and states the word Holocaust is to be used for the extermination of the Jews. === Other === *[https://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/18qjzhj/does_the_holocaust_only_refer_to_the_6_million/ AskHistorians question on Reddit] answered by amateur and professional historians. Books and articles cited (by user [https://www.reddit.com/user/Georgy_K_Zhukov/ Georgy_K_Zhukov]): **Grondelski, John M. “What Is the Holocaust?” New Blackfriars 72, no. 854 (1991): 482–88. **Michman, Dan "'The Holocaust’ – Do We Agree What We Are Talking About?", Holocaust Studies, 20:1-2 (2014), 117-128. [https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/17504902.2014.11439098 online link, registration required] **Niewyk, Donald, and Francis Nicosia. The Columbia Guide to the Holocaust, Columbia University Press, 2003. ==== Romani Genocide or Porajmos ==== The Wikipedia list of languages shows a mixture of Romani Genocide, Romani Holocaust, and Porajmos. (all referring to the Nazi persecution of Roma/Sinti people) https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Romani_Holocaust#/languages The term Porajmos is becoming used more often, but there are some problems with the term, as discussed at Wikipedia https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Romani_Holocaust citing János Bársony and Ágnes Daróczi. *Here is a bit from the USHMM's Holocaust Encyclopedia: "In December 1942, Himmler ordered the deportation of all Roma from the so-called Greater German Reich. There were exceptions for certain categories, including people of “pure Gypsy blood,” those of Gypsy descent who were considered integrated into German society and therefore did not “behave like Gypsies,” serving soldiers and decorated veterans, people engaged in necessary war work, and individuals married to non-Roma. Local authorities, however, often ignored these distinctions during roundups. Police authorities even seized and deported Roma soldiers serving in the German armed forces (Wehrmacht), while they were home on leave."Genocide of European Roma (Gypsies), 1939–1945" https://encyclopedia.ushmm.org/content/en/article/genocide-of-european-roma-gypsies-1939-1945 ==== Soviet POWs ==== *"Existing sources suggest that some 5.7 million Soviet army personnel fell into German hands during World War II. As of January 1945, the German army reported that only about 930,000 Soviet POWs remained in German custody. The German army released about one million Soviet POWs as auxiliaries of the German army and the SS. About half a million Soviet POWs had escaped German custody or had been liberated by the Soviet army as it advanced westward through eastern Europe into Germany. The remaining 3.3 million, or about 57 percent of those taken prisoner, were dead by the end of the war. Second only to the Jews, Soviet prisoners of war were the largest group of victims of Nazi racial policy.""Nazi Persecution of Soviet Prisoners of War". Accessed 10 Apr 2024. https://encyclopedia.ushmm.org/content/en/article/nazi-persecution-of-soviet-prisoners-of-war *"Of the 1.3 million people sent to Auschwitz, 1.1 million were murdered. The number of victims includes 960,000 Jews (865,000 of whom were gassed on arrival), 74,000 non-Jewish Poles, 21,000 Romani, 15,000 Soviet prisoners of war, and up to 15,000 others."Wikipedia citing:
*Piper, Franciszek (2000b). Długoborski, Wacław; Piper, Franciszek (eds.). Auschwitz, 1940–1945. Central Issues in the History of the Camp. Vol. III: Mass Murder. Oświęcim: Auschwitz-Birkenau State Museum. ISBN 978-8385047872. OCLC 929235229 pages 230-231 and
* Piper, Franciszek (1998b) [1994]. "The Number of Victims". In Gutman, Yisrael; Berenbaum, Michael (eds.). Anatomy of the Auschwitz Death Camp. Bloomington, IN: Indiana University Press. ISBN 0-253-32684-2. pp71-72 *More info on Soviet POWS at Auschwitz [https://auschwitzacademicguide.arts.ubc.ca/files/2021/09/Suyesha_Soviet-POWs.pdf link] == Categorization and stickers for WT's Holocaust Project == Several thousand German Communists/anti-Nazis were killed at various concentration camps. Classify them in the camp they died in, but don't add a Holocaust sticker. Same with Soviet POWs. (still up for discussion.... - [[Weatherall-96|Weatherall-96]] 18:37, 20 December 2023 (UTC) ) == Notes == Wikipedia English has a current discussion on the name/scope of the Holocaust Victim article: https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Holocaust_victims#Requested_move_15_December_2023 Formatting not done [[Weatherall-96|Weatherall-96]] 07:20, 13 December 2023 (UTC) From the Holocaust Encyclopedia by the United States Holocaust Memorial and Museum:https://encyclopedia.ushmm.org/content/en/article/documenting-numbers-of-victims-of-the-holocaust-and-nazi-persecutionNumber of non-Jewish people murdered by Nazi Germany and its allies and collaborators (by group) Non-Jewish groups persecuted by the Nazi German regime and its allies and collaborators / Number of non-Jewish victims *Soviet prisoners of war: around 3.3 million *Non-Jewish (ethnic) Poles: around 1.8 million *Romani men, women, and children and other people derogatorily labeled as "Gypsies": at least 250,000, but possibly as high as 500,000 *Serb civilians murdered by Ustaša authorities of the Independent State of Croatia: more than 310,000 *People with disabilities living in institutions and care facilities: 250,000–300,000, including at least 10,000 children *German political opponents and dissenters: tens of thousands *Germans imprisoned in concentration camps as "professional criminals" and "asocials": about 35,000 *Jehovah's Witnesses killed in concentration camps or executed for refusing to serve in the German military: about 1,700 *Gay men, bisexual men, and other men accused of homosexuality: Hundreds, possibly thousands *Black people in Germany: Unknown, perhaps hundreds From English Wikipedia
Victims Murdered Source
Jews 6 million [1]
Gentiles (non-Jews)
*Soviet civilians 4.5 million [2] *Soviet POWs 3.3 million [3][1] *Poles 1.8 million [4][5][1] *Serbs More than 310,000 [6][7] *Disabled people 270,000 [8] *Romani 250,000–500,000 [1][9] *Freemasons 80,000 [10][11] *Slovenes 20,000–25,000 [12] *Homosexuals 5,000–15,000 [13] *Spanish Republicans 3,500 [14] *Jehovah's Witnesses 1,700 [1][15] *Total 17 million From Wikipedia talk page for https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Holocaust_victims *From recently retired user Levivich 23:44, 26 October 2023 (UTC)
What this article could be is a historiography article that explains the ongoing scholarly debate regarding Who are the victims of the Holocaust? This debate breaks down into three basic groups:
Most scholars hold the traditionalist view, that the Holocaust was limited to Jews, e.g. Waitman Wade Beorn, Paul R. Bartrop, Donald Bloxham, David Cesarani, John Connelly, Abraham and Hershel Edelheit, Jack Fischel, Günter Grau, Peter Hayes, Timothy P. Jackson, Alex J. Kay, Peter Longerich, Stephen D. Smith, and Dan Stone, among others.
Some scholars who argue for expansion of "Holocaust victims" to include certain non-Jews, though they do not all agree on which non-Jews should be included. For example:
Ian Hancock - Roma/Sinti
Samuel Totten - Roma/Sinti, disabled, LGBT
Charles King - Roma/Sinti, disabled, Slavs
Paul E. Wilson - Roma/Sinti, LGBT, Jehovah's Witnesses
Jonathan C. Friedman - Roma/Sinti, disabled, LGBT, Soviet POWs
Doris Bergen - Roma/Sinti, disabled, LGBT, Soviet POWs, Polish elites
John J. Michalczyk - Roma/Sinti, LGBT, Jehova's Witnesses, "and others"
Estelle Tarica - Roma/Sinti "and others"
Some scholars argue that the terms "Holocaust" and "Shoah" should be retired altogether, and we shouldn't differentiate between victim groups, for example Christian Gerlach and to some extent David Cesarani
There are some scholars who have mixed views or take a "both sides" approach, for example David M. Crowe, David Engel (historian), and A. Dirk Moses. Misc: https://fr.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catégorie:Répression_politique_et_extermination_sous_le_Troisième_Reich == Sources == See also: *https://www.goodreads.com/book/show/7236196-i-nomi-dello-sterminio Italian examination of definitions [https://www.facinghistory.org/topics/holocaust Facing History], Holocaust
*[https://www.huffpost.com/entry/holocaust-non-jewish-victims_n_6555604?guccounter=1&guce_referrer=aHR0cHM6Ly93d3cuZ29vZ2xlLmNvbS8&guce_referrer_sig=AQAAAHzDbBa8YnAgO0JpKAYYmY43lfnJcfDkaSxhf_9_JLqAmBqkXT7Tp95vP18pWDsnkyO294LetECvZduqgsGFPqjp5iNlMR3R8pfvTfKt3UYpp-6yjET3ivbwqwxaEBEJBMYkrJNHmOWgzxGHq_uRrukZW9yGuZTDxBsTFfXzq60k Huffington Post], The Holocaust’s Forgotten Victims: The 5 Million Non-Jewish People Killed By The Nazis

{{Image|file=Holocaust_pictures-10.jpg |align=l |size=m |caption=Theresienstadt |wrap=l }} Theresienstadt Ghetto was established by the SS during World War II in the fortress town of Terezín, in the Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia (German-occupied Czechoslovakia). Theresienstadt served as a waystation to the extermination camps. Its conditions were deliberately engineered to hasten the death of its prisoners, and the ghetto also served a propaganda role. Unlike other ghettos, the exploitation of forced labor was not economically significant.[[wikipedia:Theresienstadt Ghetto|Theresienstadt Ghetto]] Wikipedia contributors, 'Theresienstadt Ghetto', 13 January 2024, 11:59 UTC, [accessed 3 February 2024] From the USHMM Encyclopedia:Author(s): United States Holocaust Memorial Museum, Washington, DC "THERESIENSTADT" accessed 3 Feb 2024. https://encyclopedia.ushmm.org/content/en/article/theresienstadt "The Theresienstadt "camp-ghetto" existed for three and a half years, between November 24, 1941 and May 9, 1945. During its existence, Theresienstadt served three purposes: # ...transit camp for Czech Jews whom the Germans deported to killing centers, concentration camps, and forced-labor camps in German-occupied Poland, Belorussia, and the Baltic States. #...ghetto-labor camp. The SS deported and then incarcerated there certain categories of German, Austrian, and Czech Jews, based on their age, disability as a result of past military service, or domestic celebrity in the arts and other cultural life..... #....holding pen for Jews in the above-mentioned groups. It was expected that the poor conditions there would hasten the deaths of many deportees, until the SS and police could deport the survivors to killing centers in the East." == Sources ==

[[Category: Holocaust Era Ghettos]] [[Category: Warsaw, Warsaw, Masovian, Poland]] [[Category: Warszawa, Warszawa, Mazowieckie, Polska]] {{Image|file=Holocaust_pictures-20.jpg |align=l |size=m |caption=Warsaw Ghetto'43 commons. }} {{Clear}} The Warsaw Ghetto, established by the German authorities in German-occupied Poland, was the largest of all the Jewish ghettos in German-occupied Europe during World War II. Over 400,000 Jews were imprisoned there in an area of 3.4 km2 (1.3 sq mi), with an average of 9.2 persons per room. The Ghetto served as a collection center, from which Jews were deported to Nazi concentration camps and mass-killing centers. The ghetto was demolished by the Germans in May 1943 after a large uprising that temporarily halted the deportations. See: https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Warsaw_Ghetto