[[Category: Åland Islands Region]] [[Category: League_of_Nations]] ---- Åland Islands is called Ahvenanmaa in Finnish and Åland in Swedish (IPA: [ˈoːland];). Åland is an autonomous, demilitarised territory under Finnish sovereignty and it is the only monolingually Swedish-speaking region in Finland. Åland's autonomous status means that those provincial powers normally exercised by representatives of the central Finnish government are largely exercised by its own government. {{Image|file=About_Aland_Islands.png |align=r |size=m |caption=Åland Island parishes }} It is an archipelago province at the entrance to the Gulf of Bothnia in the Baltic Sea belonging to Finland. Åland comprises Fasta Åland on which 90% of the population resides and a further 6,500 skerries and islands to its east. There is 16 parishes in the Åland Islands region; Brändö, Eckerö, Finström, Föglö, Geta, Hammarland, Jomala, Kumlinge, Kökar, Lemland, Lumparland, Mariehamn -Maarianhamina, Saltvik, Sottunga, Sund, Vårdö. If you have a special interest in the Åland Islands, please consider joining the sub-project [[:Space:Åland Islands|Åland Islands]] === History === In the 1200s, Finland became part of Sweden. This Swedish Map of Åland from before 1667 shows shipping lanes, harbors, churches and various boundaries marked [https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Geographisch_delineation_%C3%B6ffver_%C3%85landh.jpg#/media/File:Geographisch_delineation_%C3%B6ffver_%C3%85landh.jpg Map of Åland from before 1667] The Åland Islands formed part of the territory ceded to Russia by Sweden under the Treaty of Fredrikshamn in September 1809. As a result, they became part of the semi-autonomous Grand Duchy of Finland. ''More can be added here about period after 1809'' === Links - Genealogy Resources === * [https://sok.riksarkivet.se/nad?Sokord=%C3%A5land&EndastDigitaliserat=false&BegransaPaTitelEllerNamn=false&lk=Ladda+kategorier&AvanceradSok=False&typAvLista=Standard&page=1&postid=Arkis+9446C2BA-49D8-11D5-A6ED-0002440207BB&tab=post&FacettState=undefined%3Ac%7C#tab Swedish National Archive, Åland Islands churchbooks] * [http://hiski.genealogia.fi/hiski/8w499p?en+A20 The Genealogical Society of Finland, HisKi project, Churchbooks for Åland - Ahvenanmaa] === Links - About Åland Islands === * [https://www.google.com/maps/@60.2009869,20.9726573,8z Google maps, for more detailed map] * [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%85land_Islands English Wikipedia on Åland Islands] * [https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%85land Svenska Wikipedia om Åland] * [https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portal:%C3%85land Svenska Wikipedia, Portalen Åland] * [https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ahvenanmaan_maakunta Suomi Wikipedia, Ahvenanmaan maakunta] * [from '''This is Finland'''] The autonomy enjoyed by the Åland archipelago off the southwestern tip of Finland is not only of interest to the local population. ::Over the past few years, the islands have attracted growing international attention as an example of how to successfully secure the position of a minority. [https://finland.fi/life-society/the-example-of-aland-autonomy-as-a-minority-protector/ see more] *[[http://finlander.genealogia.fi/ from '''Finlander''']] ''The History of the Åland islands'' By Prof. Matts Dreijer, 1963 [http://finlander.genealogia.fi/sfhswiki/index.php?title=The_History_of_the_Åland_islands&oldid=8804 see more]

[[Category: Uusimaa Region]] {{Image|file=Uusimaa_region.png |align=r |size=m |caption=Uusimaa region }} Example text... Swedish colonisation of coastal Uusimaa started after the second crusade to Finland in the 13th century. The names Uusimaa and Nyland meaning “new land”. Nyland appears in the documents from the 14th century and Uusimaa appears for the first time in 1548 as Wsimaa in the first translation of the New Testament to Finnish by Mikael Agricola. The Finnish provinces were ceded to Imperial Russia in the War of Finland in 1809. After this, Uusimaa became the Province of Uusimaa of the old lääni system. From 1997 to 2010, Uusimaa was a part of the Province of Southern Finland. It has been divided in the regions of Uusimaa and Eastern Uusimaa. In 2011, the two regions were merged. === Links === * [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uusimaa English Wikipedia, Uusimaa] * [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Municipalities_of_Uusimaa Wikipedia, Municipalities of Uusimaa]

[[Category: Nordic Project]] [[Category: Finland Project]] '''Category Structure for Finnish Place Locations''' Profiles belonging to Finland should be categorised by the parish in which they were born, married or died. Modern Finland consists of 19 regions called maakunta (landskap). These are the main location categories below "Finland". The subcategories of these regions are the parish categories. Since the project uses three different languages it is important that all languages end in the same parish location category (that will be the category of the profiles, whether you are Finnish, Swedish or English speaking). The rest of the categories (above parishes) will be in all three languages. Category names for parishes should be written in both Finnish and Swedish if there are known names in both languages for the parish. If the majority of the population was Finnish then the Swedish name should be written in parenthesis, example: Helsinki (Helsingfors), and vice versa. This way is already used by [http://hiski.genealogia.fi/hiski?en Hiski] and Finland Project has decided to do the same. (Both Finnish and Swedish are official languages of Finland, it’s not just a translation thing, both names are used in official documents). This is an example of the location structure for Finland in English, Finnish and Swedish: : English language structure: * [[Category: Finland (en)]] ** [[Category: Uusimaa Region]] *** [[Category: Kirkkonummi (Kyrkslätt)]] : Finnish language structure: * [[Category: Soumi]] ** [[Category: Uudenmaan maakunta]] *** [[Kirkkonummi (Kyrkslätt)]] : Swedish language structure: * [[Category: Finland (sv)]] ** [[Category: Nylands landskap]] *** [[Kirkkonummi (Kyrkslätt)]] As for smaller locations than the parish (like a village), they should have a category name consisting of both village name and parish name (since it is possible/likely that the same village name can be used in more than one parish).
Example: [[Category: Abrahamsby, Kirkkonummi (Kyrkslätt)]] If you need a category created, please contact the Categorisation Project or Nordic Project's Category Team. See also G2G posting https://www.wikitree.com/g2g/607385/finland-project-category-style-standards?show=607385#q607385

[[Category:Finnish Projects]] [[Category:Suomi]] [[Category:Finland (sv)]] [[Category:Finland (en)]] {{Image |file=Finland-2.png |align=r |size=120px |caption=Page maintained by
the [[Project: Finland|Finland Project]] }} == Finland == [[Image:European_Flags-45.png | 150px |Flag of Finland ]] [https://www.google.com/maps/@64.9146659,26.0672554,4z Google maps] [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Finland From Wikipedia]: '''Republic of Finland'''; Finnish: ''Suomi'', ''Suomen tasavalta''; Swedish: ''Finland'', ''Republiken Finland'', is a Nordic country situated in the Fennoscandian region of Northern Europe. It is bordered by Sweden to the west, Norway to the north, Russia to the east, and Estonia to the south across the Gulf of Finland. At the end of 2014, 5.5 million people were living in Finland, with the majority concentrated in its southern regions. In terms of area, it is the eighth largest country in Europe and the most sparsely populated country in the European Union. Politically, it is a parliamentary republic with a central government based in the capital of Helsinki, local governments in 311 municipalities and an autonomous region, the Åland Islands (making Finland a federacy). About one million residents live in the Greater Helsinki area (consisting of Helsinki, Espoo, Kauniainen, and Vantaa) and a third of the country's GDP is produced there. Other larger cities include Tampere, Turku, Oulu, Jyväskylä, Lahti, and Kuopio. From the 12th century until 1809, Finland was a part of Sweden. It then became an autonomous Grand Duchy within the Russian Empire until the Russian Revolution 1917. This prompted the Finnish Declaration of Independence 6 Dec 1917, which was followed by a civil war where the pro-Bolshevik "Reds" were defeated by the pro-conservative "Whites" with support from the German Empire. After a brief attempt to establish a monarchy in the country, Finland became a republic 17 Jul 1919. '''Genealogical research tripwires'''
Although the peasants and common people used Finnish as their primary language, Swedish was used by clergy and priests even when Finland was under Russian rule. The Finnish names were translated into Swedish when entered into church books, not always the same way by different priests. Names like Juha, Juho and Johannes could all be inscribed as Johan while names like Johanna and Hanna, Per and Pehr as well as the letter h often added to the end of names such as Susanna and Susannah, would be spellings of the same name.
Finland also surrendered vast areas to Russia after the second world war and cities like the district capital [https://www.google.com/maps/place/Viipuri,+Leningradin+alue,+Ven%C3%A4j%C3%A4/@60.4341103,25.6256345,6.67z/data=!4m5!3m4!1s0x46973232203b6cbb:0xc0c46abf336b4e55!8m2!3d60.7139529!4d28.7571571?hl=fi Viipuri] comes back as a small village in southern Finland when searching for [https://www.google.fi/maps/place/25500+Viipuri/@61.1106878,27.6976531,7.71z/data=!4m5!3m4!1s0x468c512c1ee68185:0xa00b553b98e62c0!8m2!3d60.1554097!4d23.0788543 "Viipuri Finland"] in modern maps. == Language == Municipalities of Finland in 2016 by language: :Beige: unilingually Finnish :Dark blue: unilingually Swedish :Turquoise: bilingual, majority language Finnish, minority language Swedish :Light blue: bilingual, majority language Swedish, minority language Finnish :Wine: majority language Finnish and a Sami language as a minority language {{Image|file=Sources-Finland.png |caption=LANGUAGES IN FINLAND }} [https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/9e/Languages_of_Finnish_municipalities_%282016%29.svg Larger Image] ==Geography== ===Provinces=== Between 1634 and 2009, Finland was administered as several provinces ''Finnish: Suomen läänit, Swedish: Finlands län''. * [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Provinces_of_Finland Wikipedia] {| border="1" cellpadding="3" |- ! Lääni ! 1775–1812 ! 1812–1831 ! 1831–1918 ! 1918–1938 ! 1938–1945 ! 1945–1960 ! 1960–1997 |- ! [[:Category:Ahvenanmaan lääni|Ahvenanmaa]] | | | | style="background: gold" | | style="background: gold" | | style="background: gold" | | style="background: gold" | |- ! [[:Category:Hämeen lääni|Häme]] | | | style="background: salmon" | | style="background: salmon" | | style="background: salmon" | | style="background: salmon" | | style="background: salmon" | |- ! [[:Category:Keski-Suomen lääni|Keski-Suomi]] | | | | | | | style="background: silver" | |- ! [[:Category:Kuopion lääni|Kuopio]] | | | style="background: black" | | style="background: black" | | style="background: black" | | style="background: black" | | style="background: black" | |- ! [[:Category:Kymenkartanon lääni|Kymenkartano]] | style="background: lightblue" | | style="background: lightblue" | | | | | |- ! [[:Category:Kymen lääni|Kymi]] | | | | | | style="background: orangered" | | style="background: orangered" | |- ! [[:Category:Lapin lääni|Lappi]] | | | | | style="background: navy" | | style="background: navy" | | style="background: navy" | |- ! [[:Category:Mikkelin lääni|Mikkeli]] | | | style="background: darkred" | | style="background: darkred" | | style="background: darkred" | | style="background: darkred" | | style="background: darkred" | |- ! [[:Category:Oulun lääni|Oulu]] | style="background: greenyellow" | | style="background: greenyellow" | | style="background: greenyellow" | | style="background: greenyellow" | | style="background: greenyellow" | | style="background: greenyellow" | | style="background: greenyellow" | |- ! [[:Category:Petsamon lääni|Petsamo]] | | | | style="background: tan" | (1920–) | | | |- ! [[:Category:Pohjois-Karjalan lääni|Pohjois-Karjala]] | | | | | | | style="background: red" | |- ! [[:Category:Savon ja Karjalan lääni|Savo ja Karjala]] | style="background: indigo" | | style="background: indigo" | | | | | | |- ! [[:Category:Turun ja Porin lääni|Turku ja Pori]] | style="background: brown" | | style="background: brown" | | style="background: brown" | | style="background: brown" | | style="background: brown" | | style="background: brown" | | style="background: brown" | |- ! [[:Category:Uudenmaan lääni|Uusimaa]] | | | style="background: moccasin" | | style="background: moccasin" | | style="background: moccasin" | | style="background: moccasin" | | style="background: moccasin" | |- ! [[:Category:Uudenmaan ja Hämeen lääni|Uusimaa ja Häme]] | style="background: sienna" | | style="background: sienna" | | | | | |- ! [[:Category:Vaasan lääni|Vaasa]] | style="background: green" | | style="background: green" | | style="background: green" | | style="background: green" | | style="background: green" | | style="background: green" | | style="background: green" | |- ! [[:Category:Viipurin lääni|Viipuri]] | | style="background: dodgerblue" | | style="background: dodgerblue" | | style="background: dodgerblue" | | style="background: dodgerblue" | | |} === Historic Provinces === The historical provinces (''Finnish: historialliset maakunnat, singular historiallinen maakunta, Swedish: historiska landskap'') of Finland are a legacy of the country's joint history with Sweden. The provinces ceased to be administrative entities in 1634. * [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Historical_provinces_of_Finland Wikipedia]
'''English (Finnish, Swedish)'''
: Finland Proper (Varsinais-Suomi, Egentliga Finland) : Karelia (Karjala, Karelen) : Laponia (Lappi, Lappland) : Ostrobothnia (Pohjanmaa, Österbotten) : Satakunta (Satakunta, Satakunda) : Savonia (Savo, Savolax) : Tavastia (Häme, Tavastland) : Uusimaa (Uusimaa, Nyland) : Åland (Ahvenanmaa, Åland) === Modern Finland consists of 19 regions called maakunta (landskapsförbund) === * [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Regions_of_Finland Wikipedia] '''FINNISH -- ENGLISH -- SWEDISH'''
Ahvenanmaa -- Åland Islands -- Åland
Etelä-Karjala -- South Karelia -- Södra Karelen
Etelä-Pohjanmaa -- Southern Ostrobothnia -- Södra Österbotten
Etelä-Savo -- Southern Savonia -- Södra Savolax
Kainuu -- Kainuu -- Kajanaland
Kanta-Häme -- Tavastia Proper -- Egentliga Tavastland
Keski-Pohjanmaa -- Central Ostrobothnia -- Mellersta Österbotten
Keski-Suomi -- Central Finland -- Mellersta Finland
Kymenlaakso -- Kymenlaakso -- Kymmenedalen
Lappi -- Lapland -- Lappland
Päijät-Häme -- Päijänne Tavastia -- Päijänne-Tavastland
Pirkanmaa -- Pirkanmaa -- Birkaland
Pohjanmaa -- Ostrobothnia -- Österbotten
Pohjois-Karjala -- North Karelia -- Norra Karelen
Pohjois-Pohjanmaa -- Northern Ostrobothnia -- Norra Österbotten
Pohjois-Savo -- Northern Savonia -- Norra Savolax
Satakunta -- Satakunta -- Satakunta
Uusimaa -- Uusimaa -- Nyland
Varsinais-Suomi -- Finland Proper -- Egentliga Finland
'''ENGLISH -- FINNISH'''
Åland Islands -- Ahvenanmaa
Central Finland -- Keski-Suomi
Central Ostrobothnia -- Keski-Pohjanmaa
Finland Proper -- Varsinais-Suomi
Kainuu -- Kainuu
Kymenlaakso -- Kymenlaakso
Lapland -- Lappi
Northern Ostrobothnia -- Pohjois-Pohjanmaa
North Karelia -- Pohjois-Karjala
Northern Savonia -- Pohjois-Savo
Ostrobothnia -- Pohjanmaa
Päijänne Tavastia -- Päijät-Häme
South Karelia -- Etelä-Karjala
Southern Savonia -- Etelä-Savo
Southern Ostrobothnia -- Etelä-Pohjanmaa
Pirkanmaa -- Pirkanmaa
Satakunta -- Satakunta
Tavastia Proper -- Kanta-Häme
Uusimaa -- Uusimaa
=== Regions -- Alue === In 2010, six '''Regional State Administrative Agencies''' were created, and the regions were included in the Agencies. See [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Regional_State_Administrative_Agency Wikipedia]. ---- == Members == * [[Andersson-4409 | Maggie Andersson]] Leader * [[Michaels-436 | Carmen Bryant]] * [[Carlson-1877 | Curt Carlson]] * [[Ekeblad-7|Eva Ekeblad]] * [[Greer-3570 | Richard Greer]] * [[Gustavsson-72 | Gustav Gustavsson]] * [[Huebner-109 | Karla Huebner]] * [[Jungschaffer-1 | Helmut Jungschaffer]] * [[Demerse-10 | Muirae Kenney]] * [[Kline-879 | Steve Kline]] * [[Mercier-705 | Julie Kuusilehto]] * [[Lahtinen-11 | Olli Lahtinen]] * [[Laukkonen-7 | Chryse Laukkonen]] * [[Lindquist-84 | Norm Lindquist]] * [[Lundholm-24 | Maria Lundholm]] * [[Malmberg-99 | Pekka Malmberg]] * [[McCormack-1361 | Peter McCormack]] * [[McPherson-3460 | Rhonda McPherson]] * [[Moore-25062 | Sheryl Moore]] * [[Vankka-1|Paula Morrison]] * [[Nevala-10 | Vinessa Nevala]] * [[Niskakoski-1|Juha Soini]] Leader * [[Timmons-901 | Jeff Timmons]] * [[Wahlberg-3 | Anna Wahlberg]] * [[Wallis-865 | Lisa Wallis]] * [[Zappella-1 | Marianne Zappella]]

[[Category:Finland Genealogy Resources]]
See also: [[Space:Finland_Project_Reliable_Sources|Finland Project Reliable Sources]]
{{Image |file=Finland-2.png |align=r |size=120px |caption=Page maintained by
the [[Project: Finland|Finland Project]] }}If you have another good online source you would like to share, please post it as a comment and we will add it to the list after review. == Historical calendar == Dates in old church books may be written with the latin name of the religious holiday, often occurring on different dates in different years. To convert them: * [https://www.slaktingar.se/historisk-kalender Historical calendar] * [https://dinsläkt.se/helligdager.php Historical calendar] A [http://apps.genealogia.fi/ search engine for names] behind a pay wall contains the sailor's house, Name changes and Presumptions of deaths. == Graves == * [http://haudat.genealogia.fi/php/indexs.php Genealogical Society of Finland grave database] == Digitalized primary documents == *[https://www.arkisto.fi/en/frontpage '''Arkistolaitos''' - The National Archives Service of Finland] ** [http://en-dot-digihakemisto.appspot.com/ '''Digihakemisto''' A private attempt to make a digital index of the digitalized documents in The National Archives of Finland by crowdsourcing.] *[http://www.sukuhistoria.fi/sshy/index.htm '''SSHY'''], Suomen Sukuhistoriallinen yhdistys, '''FFHA''', Finland's Family History Association - Digitized church books, court records and other original documents. * [http://hiski.genealogia.fi/hiski?en The Hiski Project], Genealogical Society of Finland search engine to digitized church books. Hiski leads you directly to the original church book data. Even if Hiski is quite reliable, it is preferable that you use the actual church books as the source or along with Hiski. * [https://digi.kansalliskirjasto.fi/etusivu?set_language=en Finnish national library digital collection.] Documents related to Finland can also be found in the [https://riksarkivet.se/startpage Swedish national archives]. '''[https://sok.riksarkivet.se/digitala-forskarsalen Start search]''' == Digitalized secondary sources == * [http://df.narc.fi/info/literature Diplomatarium Fennicum - Finnish National Archives list of digitized books] * [https://histdoc.net/ Transcriptions of historical documents by Pauli Kruhse] * [http://www.linnajoenkaupunki.fi/suomi/henkilo/henkilo.html Short biographies in Finnish] ** [http://www.linnajoenkaupunki.fi/ruotsi/henkilo/henkilo.html Short biographies in Swedish] * [https://www.helsinki.fi/fi/yliopisto/yliopiston-matrikkelit Helsinki University student rosters] There are several sources where [[Project:Notables|notables]] and [[Project:European_Aristocrats|nobility]] can be found. Please bear in mind that these are secondary sources and do contain errors. Always try to find primary sources to back up the facts. * [https://www.google.com/ Google] and [https://www.wikipedia.org/ Wikipedia (Finland)] are the best places to start. * [https://www.adelsvapen.com/genealogi/Huvudsida Adelsvapen Wiki] * [https://kansallisbiografia.fi/ Finnish national biography] * [http://www.blf.fi/ Finnish biographical lexicon] * [https://sok.riksarkivet.se/Sbl/Start.aspx Swedish biographical lexicon] * [https://nbl.snl.no/ Norwegian biographical lexicon] * [http://runeberg.org/dbl/ Danish biographical lexicon] * [http://www.kvinfo.dk/side/170/ Danish womens biographical lexicon] * [https://books.google.se/books?id=YLkDAAAAYAAJ&printsec=frontcover&hl=fi&source=gbs_ge_summary_r&cad=0#v=onepage&q&f=false Matrikel öfwer Swea rikes ridderskap och adel Part 1 1751] * [https://books.google.se/books?id=9bIDAAAAYAAJ&printsec=frontcover&hl=fi&source=gbs_ge_summary_r&cad=0#v=onepage&q&f=false Matrikel öfwer Swea rikes ridderskap och adel Part 2 1755] * [https://play.google.com/store/search?q=Biographiskt%20Lexicon%20%C3%B6fver%20namnkunnige%20Svenska%20M%C3%A4n&c=books Biographiskt Lexicon öfver namnkunnige Svenska Män '''Free Google books'''] * [http://runeberg.org/ Project Runeberg] is a volunteer effort to create free electronic editions of classic Nordic (Scandinavian) literature and make them openly available over the Internet. The books below are old enough to be free of copyright and revised younger versions are preferred if available. ** [http://runeberg.org/nf/ Nordisk familjebok] ** [http://runeberg.org/anrep/ Svenska adelns ättartaflor] ** [http://runeberg.org/adelskal/ Sveriges Ridderskaps och Adels Kalender] ** [http://runeberg.org/svadelskal/ Svensk Adelskalender] ** [http://runeberg.org/frfinl/ Frälsesläkter i Finland intill stora ofreden] ** [http://runeberg.org/adelpsb/ Adel präster smugglare bönder] ** [http://runeberg.org/adelaarbog/ Danmarks adels aarbog] ** [http://runeberg.org/histbib/ Historiskt bibilotek] * [https://archive.org/ Archive.org] also has lots of books available. ** [https://archive.org/details/bidragtillknne1314fins/page/n5 Fordna Wiborgs och nuvarande Borgå stifts herdaminne] * [https://litteraturbanken.se/bibliotek Litteraturbanken] Free access to Swedish books of great cultural importance. ** [https://litteraturbanken.se/forfattare/LewenhauptA/titlar/KarlXIIsOfficerare/sida/I/faksimil Karl XII:s officerare by Adam Lewenhaupt] * [http://daten.digitale-sammlungen.de/bsb00000600/images/index.html?fip=193.174.98.30&seite=1&pdfseitex= Genealogisches Handbuch der baltischen Ritterschaften, Teil 2, 1: Estland] * [https://www.digar.ee/viewer/et/nlib-digar:72016/105235/page/1 Stammtafeln nicht immatrikulierter baltischer adelsgeschlechter] * [https://www.hathitrust.org/ HathiTrust] is a partnership of major research institutions and libraries working to ensure that the cultural record is preserved and accessible long into the future by providing digitization of old books and documents. [http://fmg.ac/Projects/MedLands/CONTENTS.htm Medieval lands] is a good study on older nobility and notables. == Questions and answers == * [https://www.wikitree.com/g2g/ask WikiTree G2G forum] * [https://www.facebook.com/groups/14108279806/10156086831284807/ Finnish Genealogy Facebook Group] *[http://finlander.genealogia.fi/content.php?1-home&s=4612b781bfe314da1fab72efbfdc6faa '''Finlander'''], [http://finlander.genealogia.fi/sfhswiki/index.php/Main_Page_-_Entrance The Swedish-Finn Historical Society] *Dictionaries from [http://www.saunalahti.fi/hirvela/indexuk.html '''Historismi.Net'''] **[http://www.saunalahti.fi/hirvela/historismi_sivut/deathsivu.html Causes of death that occur in old Finnish Church Books] **[http://www.saunalahti.fi/hirvela/historismi_sivut/termitnew.html Abbreviations in old Finnish Church Books and other Records] **[http://www.saunalahti.fi/hirvela/historismi_sivut/ammatit%20a-k.html Old occupation names in old records] === Abbreviations === There are some source abbreviations that are commonly used in Finnish Genealogy. * FMS = [http://df.narc.fi/Images/Literature/Hausen_Finlands_medeltidssigill_1900.pdf Finlands medeltidssigill, Reinhold Hausen, Helsingfors 1900.] * DF/FMU = [http://df.narc.fi/ Diplomatarium Fennicum (Kansallisarkisto) / Finlands medeltidsurkunder I-VIII, Reinhold Hausen, Helsinfors 1910-1935]. * REA = [http://df.narc.fi/Images/Editions/REA_1996.pdf Registrum Ecclesiae Aboensis eller Åbo Domkyrkas Svartbok, Reinhold Hausen 1890] == Online research studies == === Military Records === * [http://www.mannerheim-ristinritarit.fi/ Biographies of the 191 Mannerheim Cross recipients] * [https://www.sotasampo.fi/fi/persons/person_61 Military biographies] * [https://www.sotasampo.fi/en/ Linked Open Data Cloud for Finnish war history - Aalto University] ** [https://www.sotasampo.fi/fi/ Above site in Finnish] === Emigration records === are found on several sites that will eventually be added here. * [http://maine.utu.fi/index_e.php Finnish migration institute] * [http://tornedalians.com/index.html Tornedalians] Lists of emigrants from the Torne River Valley dividing Sweden and Finland. be sure to check out the fascinating stories. * [http://sydaby.eget.net/swe/emigrants.htm Immigrants from Ostrobothnia, Finland] === Genealogical books === * [[Space:List_of_online_genealogical_books]] If everything else fails, take a look at some well researched family sites: * [https://www.annelikotisaari.net/ Anneli Kotisaari] * [http://www.ignatius-suku.org/ The Ignatius family of Pielisjärvi] * [http://www.sursill.net/Sibelius/index.html Jean Sibelius and his family] * [http://gamma.nic.fi/~wirmaila/index.html Wirmailan rusthollin suku] * [http://www.juhasinivaara.fi/ralssis/ralssike.htm Juha Sinivaara] == Lists of unverified links == * [https://kansallisbiografia.fi/linkit Finnish National Biography links to genealogical sites]

[[Category:Suomi]] [[Category:Finland (sv)]] [[Category:Finland (en)]] [[Category: Finnish Projects]] [[Category: Finland Project]] {{Image|file=Nordic_Trail_Part_1-1.jpg |align=r |size=m |caption=Change this image. }} ==MiniChallenge 2023-2024== Are you interested in joining a WikiTree Thon or Challenge, but feel intimidated by the strict deadline or the large number of participants? Do you want to have fun and learn from the WikiTree Community, but at your own pace and without pressure? Then you might enjoy this MiniChallenge! This MiniChallenge is a great way to get familiar with how a Thon or a Challenge works, while also improving the profiles of the Presidents of Iceland. You will have the opportunity to communicate with fellow WikiTreers and discover more about the history and genealogy of Iceland. (Finland Mini challenge description) (Finland Mini challenge timeline) == A fitting title== A list of the participants: # # == How to Join the MiniChallenge== That is easy, you don't have to do anything. Just start building trees for the Profiles in the Challenge, by adding profiles for their relatives. We have three main goals: # Connect the MiniChallenge main Profile to the Global Tree. # Build out the tree by adding their Ancestors. # Build out the tree sideways by adding siblings, spouses of the siblings, cousins, In-laws and so forth, as far and wide as possible. Simply pick a Profile to work on and start building. What we do ask you to do is to '''Communicate''': * Let us know which profile you have picked. * What are you planning to work on? * Have you found something interesting? * Do you need help with something? * Can you see that someone else is working on a profile, that you would like to work on, then write to them directly. * If someone is working on the paternal line, maybe you could work on the maternal line. The important thing is to communicate, so you don't step on each others toes. == How and where to Communicate== For the purpose of the MiniChallenge there are two ways to Communicate: # Answer the G2G post. (add link to G2G post) # Join us on Discord. If you have finished Part 1 of the Nordic Trail, you will have received a invitation to Discord. The Nordic Project uses [https://groups.google.com/?hl=en&pli=1#!forum/wikitrees-nordic-project Google Groups] for communication. But, when participating in Thons and Challenges, we prefer to use either G2G or Discord. ==How to Join the Project== If you haven't already, you can join the Nordic Project and the (country) Project. It's not a requirement, but the purpose of the MiniChallenge is for you to get to know the community. The Projects are a big part of that. In order to join any project on WikiTree, you must first be a WikiTree member. If you are not yet a WikiTree member, see '''[[Help:How_to_Use_WikiTree|How to Use WikiTree]]''' to get started. You should also be willing to actively participate in the project and contribute to the project's goals. We recognize that people lead busy lives and may not be active on WikiTree every single week of the year, but you should at least have the ''intention'' to contribute towards the project's goals on a somewhat regular basis. Since Finland Project now is a sub-project of Nordic Project you will find more info on how to join on the [[Project:Nordic|Nordic Project page]].

[[Category: Reliable Sources for Pre-1700 Profiles]] [[Category:Finland Genealogy Resources]] '''Navigation''': [[:Project:Nordic|Nordic Project]] > Finland Project Reliable Sources
See also: [[Space:Finland_genealogical_resources|Finland Genealogical Resources]]
{{Image |file=Finland-2.png |align=r |size=120px |caption=Page maintained by
the [[Project: Finland|Finland Project]] }} Not even church books and other old documents are always correct. It is good practice to try find several sources to confirm the correctness of the data. Do not hesitate to ask your project or in G2G if you have a source you can't find on these lists. == Reliable Sources == * Original documents and church books in the [http://digi.narc.fi/digi/ The National Archives Service of Finland] ** [http://en-dot-digihakemisto.appspot.com/ '''Digihakemisto''' A crowdsourcing index of digitalized documents in The National Archives of Finland.] *[http://www.sukuhistoria.fi/sshy/index.htm '''SSHY'''], Suomen Sukuhistoriallinen yhdistys, [http://www.sukuhistoria.fi/sshy/index_eng.htm '''FFHA'''], Finland's Family History Association - Digitized church books, court records and other original documents. * [http://hiski.genealogia.fi/hiski?en The Hiski Project], Genealogical Society of Finland search engine to digitized church books. Cite the church books, not Hiski * [https://digi.kansalliskirjasto.fi/etusivu?set_language=en Finnish national library digital collection.] * [https://www.helsinki.fi/fi/yliopisto/arkistopalvelut-ja-kirjaaminen#section-49549 Helsinki university student rosters] * [https://www.helsinki.fi/fi/yliopisto/yliopistomatrikkelit Helsinki university rosters of faculties, professors, teachers and war victims] * [http://df.narc.fi/info/literature Diplomatarium Fennicum - Finnish National Archives list of digitized books] Transcripts of medieval documents are subject to interpretation as they are generally hard to read, so there can be mistakes. Try to view the original pictures whenever possible. ** [http://df.narc.fi/Images/Literature/Hausen_Finlands_medeltidssigill_1900.pdf Finlands medeltidssigill, Reinhold Hausen, Helsingfors 1900.] ** [http://df.narc.fi/ Diplomatarium Fennicum (Kansallisarkisto) / Finlands medeltidsurkunder I-VIII, Reinhold Hausen, Helsinfors 1910-1935]. ** [http://df.narc.fi/Images/Editions/REA_1996.pdf Registrum Ecclesiae Aboensis eller Åbo Domkyrkas Svartbok, Reinhold Hausen 1890] * [https://histdoc.net/ Transcriptions of historical documents by Pauli Kruhse] * Published articles and books with sources cited. Publications through genealogical associations are often peer reviewed as well. ** [https://kansallisbiografia.fi/ Finnish national biography] ** [http://www.blf.fi/ Finnish biographical lexicon] ** [https://sok.riksarkivet.se/Sbl/Start.aspx Swedish biographical lexicon] ** [https://nbl.snl.no/ Norwegian biographical lexicon] ** [http://runeberg.org/dbl/ Danish biographical lexicon] ** [http://www.kvinfo.dk/side/170/ Danish womens biographical lexicon] * Old publications that are in the public domain made available online. Older books, while generally well researched may have out of date data because of new research findings. ** [https://books.google.se/books?id=YLkDAAAAYAAJ&printsec=frontcover&hl=fi&source=gbs_ge_summary_r&cad=0#v=onepage&q&f=false Matrikel öfwer Swea rikes ridderskap och adel Part 1 1751] ** [https://books.google.se/books?id=9bIDAAAAYAAJ&printsec=frontcover&hl=fi&source=gbs_ge_summary_r&cad=0#v=onepage&q&f=false Matrikel öfwer Swea rikes ridderskap och adel Part 2 1755] ** [https://wiki.genealogi.se/index.php/Biographiskt_lexicon_%C3%B6fver_namnkunnige_svenske_m%C3%A4n Biographiskt Lexicon öfver namnkunnige Svenska Män '''Free Google books'''] ** [http://runeberg.org/nf/ Nordisk familjebok] ** [http://runeberg.org/anrep/ Svenska adelns ättartaflor] ** [http://runeberg.org/adelskal/ Sveriges Ridderskaps och Adels Kalender] ** [http://runeberg.org/svadelskal/ Svensk Adelskalender] ** [http://runeberg.org/frfinl/ Frälsesläkter i Finland intill stora ofreden] ** [http://runeberg.org/adelpsb/ Adel präster smugglare bönder] ** [http://runeberg.org/adelaarbog/ Danmarks adels aarbog] ** [http://runeberg.org/histbib/ Historiskt bibilotek] ** [https://archive.org/details/bidragtillknne1314fins/page/n5 Fordna Wiborgs och nuvarande Borgå stifts herdaminne] ** [https://litteraturbanken.se/forfattare/LewenhauptA/titlar/KarlXIIsOfficerare/sida/I/faksimil Karl XII:s officerare by Adam Lewenhaupt] ** [http://daten.digitale-sammlungen.de/bsb00000600/images/index.html?fip=193.174.98.30&seite=1&pdfseitex= Genealogisches Handbuch der baltischen Ritterschaften, Teil 2, 1: Estland] ** [https://www.digar.ee/viewer/et/nlib-digar:72016/105235/page/1 Stammtafeln nicht immatrikulierter baltischer adelsgeschlechter] ** [[Space:Sl%C3%A4gten_Petersohn|Slägten Petersohn - Några anteckningar]] * [https://collections.arolsen-archives.org/de/search Arolsen archives with assorted documents from WWII, the aftermath and the Holocaust.] == Reliable With Conditions == * [https://www.findagrave.com/ Find A Grave], [https://billiongraves.com/ Billiongraves], [https://fi.geneanet.org/siviilihautausmaa/ Geneanet] and [http://haudat.genealogia.fi/php/indexs.php Genealogical Society of Finland graves database] would be deemed reliable only when a picture of the headstone is provided. Remember that even grave markers can have errors in name spelling and dates. * [https://www.wikipedia.org/ Wikipedia], [https://www.adelsvapen.com/ Adelsvapen] and other Wiki's, including [https://www.wikitree.com/ WikiTree] are only as reliable as the sources they cite. == Unreliable Sources == * User generated online trees like Geni, MyHeritage, Ancestry, FamilySearch, Rootsweb, Geneanet, etc. These kinds of sites can be used to find details that can lead to reliable sources. Some trees cite sources that can be used for your profiles when you have checked them out. Never use a user generated tree as source. * A generic familysearch.com or ancestry.com should never be used as source citations. Always cite the specific documents where you found the information. * Published books, articles and blogs that do not have sources listed. * See also [[:Category:Frauds_and_Fabrications]]

[[Category:Finnish Projects]] [[Category:Suomi]] [[Category:Finland (sv)]] [[Category:Finland (en)]] {{Image |file=Finland-2.png |align=r |size=120px |caption=Page maintained by
the [[Project: Finland|Finland Project]] }} == Finland == [[Image:European_Flags-45.png | 150px |Flag of Finland ]] [https://www.google.com/maps/@64.9146659,26.0672554,4z Google karta] [https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Finland Från Wikipedia]: '''Republiken Finland'''; Finska: ''Suomi'', ''Suomen tasavalta''; Engelska: ''Finland'', ''Republic of Finland'', är en republik i norra Europa. Finland har landgränser till Norge, Sverige och Ryssland samt i söder havsgräns mot Estland. Mellan Finland och Estland ligger Finska viken. Finland hade en befolkning på omkring 5,5 miljoner invånare i slutet av 2014, med majorieten bosatta i de sydligaste delen. Finland är till ytan det åttonde största landet i Europa men har den lägsta befolkningstätheten i Europeiska unionen. Finland är en parlamentarisk repblik som styrs från huvudstaden Helsingfors med hjälp av sex regionförvaltningsverk vilka 2010 ersatte de tidigare länen. Lokalförvaltningen handhas av 311 kommuner. Åland är ett självstyrande landskap, vilket gör Finland till en federation. Omkring en million människor bor i huvudstadsområdet (Helsingfors, Esbo, Grankulla och Vanda) och omkring en tredjedel av BNP:n produceras där. Andra stora städer är Tammerfors, Åbo, Uleåborg, Jyväskylä, Lahtis och Kuopio. Finland var en del an Sverige från 1100-talet till 1809, då landet blev ett självstyrande storfurstendöme under Ryssland tills den Ryska revolutionen 1917. Händelserna där ledde till den Finska självständighetsdeklarationen 6 Dec 1917, vilket i sin tur ledde till inbördeskrig mellan de röda som hade stöd av Bolsjevikerna och de vita som stöddes av det Tyska Riket. Efter ett kort försök att establisera en monarki i landet blev Finland en republik 17 Jul 1919. '''Vad som behöver iakttagas i genealogin'''
Även om bönder och vanligt folk hade Finska som sitt modersmål, var Svenska det språk som tjänstemän och präster använde, även under den Ryska tiden. Finska namn översattes till Svenska, inte alltid på samma sätt av olika präster. Namn som Juha, Juho och Johannes kunde alla skrivas in som Johan medan namn som Johanna och Hanna samt Per och Pehr var olika stavningar av samma namn, såväl som bokstaven h lagt till slutet av namn som Susanna och Susannah.
Finland lämnade också över stora områden till Ryssland efter andra världskriget och städer som länshuvudstaden [https://www.google.com/maps/place/Viipuri,+Leningradin+alue,+Ven%C3%A4j%C3%A4/@60.4341103,25.6256345,6.67z/data=!4m5!3m4!1s0x46973232203b6cbb:0xc0c46abf336b4e55!8m2!3d60.7139529!4d28.7571571?hl=fi Viipuri (Viborg)] blir på kartan en liten by i södra Finland när man söker [https://www.google.fi/maps/place/25500+Viipuri/@61.1106878,27.6976531,7.71z/data=!4m5!3m4!1s0x468c512c1ee68185:0xa00b553b98e62c0!8m2!3d60.1554097!4d23.0788543 "Viipuri Finland"] i moderna kartor. == Språk == Kommuner i Finland 2016 uppdelat på språk: :Beige: enspråkigt finska :Mörkblå: enspråkigt svenska :Turkos: tvåspråkigt, majoritetsspråk finska, minoritetsspråk svenska :Ljusblå: tvåsråkigt, majoritetsspråk svenska, minoritetsspråk finska :Vinröd: majoritetsspråk finska och samiska som minoritetsspråk {{Image|file=Sources-Finland.png |caption=LANGUAGES IN FINLAND }} [https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/9e/Languages_of_Finnish_municipalities_%282016%29.svg Större bild] ==Geografi== ===Län=== Mellan 1634 och 2009, var Finland administration uppdelad i län. * [https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Finlands_l%C3%A4n Wikipedia] {| border="1" cellpadding="3" |- ! Lääni ! 1775–1812 ! 1812–1831 ! 1831–1918 ! 1918–1938 ! 1938–1945 ! 1945–1960 ! 1960–1997 |- ! [[:Category:Ahvenanmaan lääni|Ahvenanmaa]] | | | | style="background: gold" | | style="background: gold" | | style="background: gold" | | style="background: gold" | |- ! [[:Category:Hämeen lääni|Häme]] | | | style="background: salmon" | | style="background: salmon" | | style="background: salmon" | | style="background: salmon" | | style="background: salmon" | |- ! [[:Category:Keski-Suomen lääni|Keski-Suomi]] | | | | | | | style="background: silver" | |- ! [[:Category:Kuopion lääni|Kuopio]] | | | style="background: black" | | style="background: black" | | style="background: black" | | style="background: black" | | style="background: black" | |- ! [[:Category:Kymenkartanon lääni|Kymenkartano]] | style="background: lightblue" | | style="background: lightblue" | | | | | |- ! [[:Category:Kymen lääni|Kymi]] | | | | | | style="background: orangered" | | style="background: orangered" | |- ! [[:Category:Lapin lääni|Lappi]] | | | | | style="background: navy" | | style="background: navy" | | style="background: navy" | |- ! [[:Category:Mikkelin lääni|Mikkeli]] | | | style="background: darkred" | | style="background: darkred" | | style="background: darkred" | | style="background: darkred" | | style="background: darkred" | |- ! [[:Category:Oulun lääni|Oulu]] | style="background: greenyellow" | | style="background: greenyellow" | | style="background: greenyellow" | | style="background: greenyellow" | | style="background: greenyellow" | | style="background: greenyellow" | | style="background: greenyellow" | |- ! [[:Category:Petsamon lääni|Petsamo]] | | | | style="background: tan" | (1920–) | | | |- ! [[:Category:Pohjois-Karjalan lääni|Pohjois-Karjala]] | | | | | | | style="background: red" | |- ! [[:Category:Savon ja Karjalan lääni|Savo ja Karjala]] | style="background: indigo" | | style="background: indigo" | | | | | | |- ! [[:Category:Turun ja Porin lääni|Turku ja Pori]] | style="background: brown" | | style="background: brown" | | style="background: brown" | | style="background: brown" | | style="background: brown" | | style="background: brown" | | style="background: brown" | |- ! [[:Category:Uudenmaan lääni|Uusimaa]] | | | style="background: moccasin" | | style="background: moccasin" | | style="background: moccasin" | | style="background: moccasin" | | style="background: moccasin" | |- ! [[:Category:Uudenmaan ja Hämeen lääni|Uusimaa ja Häme]] | style="background: sienna" | | style="background: sienna" | | | | | |- ! [[:Category:Vaasan lääni|Vaasa]] | style="background: green" | | style="background: green" | | style="background: green" | | style="background: green" | | style="background: green" | | style="background: green" | | style="background: green" | |- ! [[:Category:Viipurin lääni|Viipuri]] | | style="background: dodgerblue" | | style="background: dodgerblue" | | style="background: dodgerblue" | | style="background: dodgerblue" | | |} === Historiska landskap === Finlands historiska landskap är ett arv efter landets gemensamma historia med Sverige. De var administrativa enheter till 1634. * [https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Historiska_landskap_i_Finland Wikipedia]
'''Engelska (Finska, Svenska)'''
: Finland Proper (Varsinais-Suomi, Egentliga Finland) : Karelia (Karjala, Karelen) : Laponia (Lappi, Lappland) : Ostrobothnia (Pohjanmaa, Österbotten) : Satakunta (Satakunta, Satakunda) : Savonia (Savo, Savolax) : Tavastia (Häme, Tavastland) : Uusimaa (Uusimaa, Nyland) : Åland (Ahvenanmaa, Åland) === Det moderna Finland består av 19 landskapsförbund === * [https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Landskap_i_Finland Wikipedia] '''FINSKA -- ENGELSKA -- SVENSKA'''
Ahvenanmaa -- Åland Islands -- Åland
Etelä-Karjala -- South Karelia -- Södra Karelen
Etelä-Pohjanmaa -- Southern Ostrobothnia -- Södra Österbotten
Etelä-Savo -- Southern Savonia -- Södra Savolax
Kainuu -- Kainuu -- Kajanaland
Kanta-Häme -- Tavastia Proper -- Egentliga Tavastland
Keski-Pohjanmaa -- Central Ostrobothnia -- Mellersta Österbotten
Keski-Suomi -- Central Finland -- Mellersta Finland
Kymenlaakso -- Kymenlaakso -- Kymmenedalen
Lappi -- Lapland -- Lappland
Päijät-Häme -- Päijänne Tavastia -- Päijänne-Tavastland
Pirkanmaa -- Pirkanmaa -- Birkaland
Pohjanmaa -- Ostrobothnia -- Österbotten
Pohjois-Karjala -- North Karelia -- Norra Karelen
Pohjois-Pohjanmaa -- Northern Ostrobothnia -- Norra Österbotten
Pohjois-Savo -- Northern Savonia -- Norra Savolax
Satakunta -- Satakunta -- Satakunta
Uusimaa -- Uusimaa -- Nyland
Varsinais-Suomi -- Finland Proper -- Egentliga Finland
'''ENGELSKA -- FINSKA'''
Åland Islands -- Ahvenanmaa
Central Finland -- Keski-Suomi
Central Ostrobothnia -- Keski-Pohjanmaa
Finland Proper -- Varsinais-Suomi
Kainuu -- Kainuu
Kymenlaakso -- Kymenlaakso
Lapland -- Lappi
Northern Ostrobothnia -- Pohjois-Pohjanmaa
North Karelia -- Pohjois-Karjala
Northern Savonia -- Pohjois-Savo
Ostrobothnia -- Pohjanmaa
Päijänne Tavastia -- Päijät-Häme
South Karelia -- Etelä-Karjala
Southern Savonia -- Etelä-Savo
Southern Ostrobothnia -- Etelä-Pohjanmaa
Pirkanmaa -- Pirkanmaa
Satakunta -- Satakunta
Tavastia Proper -- Kanta-Häme
Uusimaa -- Uusimaa
=== Regioner === 2010 skapades sex '''Regionförvaltningsverk''' genom sammanslagning av olika län. Se [https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Regionf%C3%B6rvaltningsverk Wikipedia].

[[Category:Finland Genealogy Resources]] [[Category:Name Field Guidelines]] {{Image |file=Finland-2.png |align=r |size=120px |caption=Page maintained by
the [[Project: Finland|Finland Project]] }} '''This page is part of [[Project:Finland]].'''
== Name fields == All given names go into the First Name field. Patronym goes into the Middle Name field unless there is no farm or last name. In that case, the patronym is the Last Name At Birth and the Middle Name should be left empty. ==Language== Finland is a bilingual country with Finnish and Swedish having equal status legally. Swedish is the official language in the autonomous [[Space:Åland_Islands | region of Åland]]. Today Finland is predominantly [[Space:Finland#Language|Finnish speaking]]. ==Given names== Although the peasants and common people used Finnish as their primary language, Swedish language was used by clergy and priests even when Finland was under Russian rule. The Finnish names were translated into Swedish when entered into church books, not always the same way by different priests. Names like Juha, Juho and Johannes could all be inscribed as Johan while names like Johanna and Hanna, Per and Pehr as well as the letter h often added to the end of names such as Susanna, Sanna and Susannah, would be spellings of the same name. We use what is written in the sources. :Historically, Sweden and Finland have not used “First name” and “Middle name” and thus a profile can have more than one given name at birth. All birthnames should be put in the field for “First name”. ==Patronyms== Patronyms when written in the churchbooks in Swedish as Johansson and used in genealogy in Finnish as Juhanpoika or Juhonpoika is a disaster to happen with duplicates bound to be created. We use what is written in the sources. :Do not use abbreviations such as -dtr instead of -dotter. ==Last names== A name is a stronger identifier the less it is used. * Hereditary last names are often the least used and takes priority. Occupational names taken by an apprentice and passed on to his progeny is a hereditary last name. * Farm names and Military names are given to occupants of certain dwellings and can be used as last name at birth if there is no hereditary last name '''and''' the Farm or Military name is mentioned in the birth record. * Patronyms are used as LNAB if no hereditary, farm or military names can be found in the sources. Current last name can be used for the Finnish patronym. **'''Example''' ** Johan=proper first name ** Juha=preferred name ** Johansson=LNAB ** Juhanpoika=Current last name === Nobility families === Nobility names often come with place name attached such as '''von Essen af Zellie''', Bäck i Finland, Lode från Liffland or Mickelsson till Åby. These names shall be written in the following way. * Prepositions to last names like af, av, de, van, von are written in front of the last name, always beginning with a small character according to the [https://www.kotus.fi/ Institute for the languages of Finland], where you can find the guide [http://www.kielitoimistonohjepankki.fi/haku/von/ohje/168 How to use prepositions in last names] ** LNAB for von Essen af Zellie is therefor '''von Essen'''. Do NOT use capital letter for von. * Place names often attributed to nobility names are not used in everyday life and do not belong in the name fields. Place names starting with af, av, på, i, från or till shall be attributed in the biography section. ** The full house name '''von Essen af Zellie''' is written in the biography or added as a category. Do NOT use capital letters for von or af. :Examples of how nobility wrote their own names. You can see von Otter and Hästesko (af Målagård){{Image|file=Hastesko-21.jpg |caption=Signaturer på Anjalaakten }} There is no definitive timeline for when Finnish nobility started to use hereditary last names, but as Finnish and Swedish nobility interacted much as they were under the same ruler, would the timeline proposed for Swedish nobility concern Finnish nobility as well. When in doubt, see [https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jully_Ramsay Jully Ramsay]s book about early Finnish nobility. It was first of its kind based on primary sources and does not use the house names for individuals in the patronymic era. * [[Space:Swedish_nobility_and_their_names]] * [http://runeberg.org/frfinl/ Frälsesläkter i Finland intill stora ofreden by Jully Ramsay ] === Historical Figures === For people born before church books became common in the late 17th century we need to consider that there are no primary sources for the births and baptisms. Taxation records and land records of earlier years usually only list the head of the family. The primary language for clergy and officials has been Swedish as Finland was part of Sweden until 1809. Assuming baptisms were performed by the clergy in the same fashion they did before church books were introduced, will Swedish names have been used predominantly. Unless there was a hereditary last name would the patronym with -son or -dotter at the end be considered Last Name At Birth. Latin names were mostly taken later in life by students who attended higher education. Baptism with Latin names would be very rare. There has been much German immigration resulting in German congregations in the bigger cities using German names. These can perhaps be deducted from the origin of their ancestry, although most were eventually integrated into the Finnish society. Most historical and biographical publications tend to use names that conform with the languages the articles are written in. As these publications often are the only available sources we may get names in many different language and even different spellings as there were no standards for spelling which can be seen in the few medieval documents available. Proposal for naming pre-1700 historical people. First name(s) and LNAB are written in their Swedish form using the patronym as last name if no hereditary last name is known. ==Policy== * We will be using what is written in the sources, ie Swedish names in most cases as Finnish names began first appearing in churchbooks at the end of the 19th century. If you are in doubt about anything, ask a question in our [https://groups.google.com/forum/?hl=en#!forum/wikitreefinland Google Groups] forum, or if you are not a member, ask a question in G2G using the tag Finland. * WikiTree policy of using what the people themselves would have used does not apply here as we only have sources for the Swedish names that the clergy used in the church books.. ==See also== [[Project:Sweden]] has good in depth explanations on names that are applicable to Finnish names as the two countries were united for so long. Frozen patronymics are very rare in Finland though. * [[Space:Given_names_in_Sweden]] * [[Space:Patronymics_in_Sweden]] * [[Space:Metronyms_in_Sweden]] * [[:Category: Swedish Names|Category Swedish Names]] [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Finnish_name Wikipedia In English]
[https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suomalaiset_nimet Wikipedia Suomeksi - In Finnish]

[[Category:Glossaries]] [[Category:WikiTree Help]] [[Category:Language Resources]] [[Category:Finland Genealogy Resources]] {{Image |file=Finland-2.png |align=r |size=120px |caption=Page maintained by
the [[Project: Finland|Finland Project]] }} This glossary is a work in progress intended to help reading Finnish/Swedish church books and navigate genealogy sites. You can change the alphabetical listing of each language individually by clicking the small squares. {|class="wikitable sortable" ! scope="col" style="width: 200px;" |Svenska (Swedish) ! scope="col" style="width: 200px;" |Suomi (Finnish) ! scope="col" style="width: 200px;" |English |- |Ackuschör||Synnytyslääkäri||Obstetrician |- |Apotekare||Apteekkari||Pharmacist |- |Arkiv||Arkisto||Archive |- |Arkivarie||Arkistoija||Archivist |- |Arrendator||Vuokraaja||Tenant |- |Barn||Lapsi||Child |- |Begravd||Haudattu||Buried |- |Bergsman||Vuorimies||Bergsman (mine owner) |- |Bonde||Maanviljelijä||Peasant |- |Borgare||Porvari||Bourgeois |- |Borgmästare||Pormestari||Mayor |- |Brännsjuka||Polttotauti||High Fever |- |Båtsman||Pursimies||Boatswain |- |Dombok||Tuomiokirja||Court records |- |Dop/Döpt||Kaste/Kastettu||Christening/Christened |- |Dotter||Tytär||Daughter |- |Död/Dog||Kuollut/Kuoli||Dead/Died |- |Fattig||Köyhä||Poor |- |Fjärdingsman||Neljännesmies||Deputy parish constable |- |Född||Syntynyt||Born |- |Församling||Seurakunta (srk)||Parish |- |Genealogi||Genealogia||Genealogy |- |Gesäll||Kisälli||Journeyman |- |Gille||Kilta||Guild |- |Grenadjär||Krenatööri||Grenadier |- |Gård||Tila||Farm |- |Gårdsnamn||Tilan nimi||Farm name |- |Gästgivare||Kestikievari||Innkeeper |- |Hantverk||Käsityö||Crafts |- |Hantverkare||Käsityöläinen||Craftsman |- |Husförhörslängd||Rippikirja||Household examination book |- |Inhyses||Itsellinen||Lodger |- |Jungfru||Neito/Neitsyt||Maiden |- |Karta||Kartta||Map |- |Kyrkobok||Kirkonkirja||Church book |- |Landsförsamling (lf)||Maalaisseurakunta (msrk)||Rural parish |- |Längder||Luettelot||Records |- |Moderförsamling||Emäseurakunta||Head parish |- |Måg ||Vävy||Son in law |- |Namn||Nimi||Name |- |Protokoll||Pöytäkirja||Minutes |- |Socken||Pitäjä||Parish civil adm. |- |Soldater||Sotilaita||Soldiers |- |Son||Poika||Son |- |Stadsförsamling||Kaupunkiseurakunta (ksrk)||Urban parish |- |Torpare||Torppari||Crofter |- |Vigda||Vihitty||Married |} == See also == * [http://www.saunalahti.fi/hirvela/historismi_sivut/ammatit%20a-k.html Professions explained part 1] * [http://www.saunalahti.fi/hirvela/historismi_sivut/ammatit%20l.html Professions explained part 2] * [http://www.saunalahti.fi/hirvela/historismi_sivut/termitnew.html Abbreviations explained] * [http://www.saunalahti.fi/hirvela/historismi_sivut/deathsivu.html Death causes explained] * [https://www.familysearch.org/wiki/en/Swedish_Genealogical_Word_List Family search Swedish genealogical wordlist] * [[Space:Glossary:_Sweden]] * [[:Category:Swedish_Genealogy_Lexicon|Category:Swedish_Genealogy_Lexicon]]

[[Category: Hannula, Kutala, Karkku]] == Siffredh Piltti and Dionisius == The '''Hannula''' farm appears in the land records from 1540 to 1571 as owned by a '''Siffredh Ragualdsson Piltti'''. '''Dionisius Siffredhsson Hannula''' was fined in 1571 for bad fences, bridges, roads and ditches, and the lack of hops. From 1644 to 1828 the farm served as an academy farm, providing funding for the theological faculty of the Royal Academy of Finland in taxes. In the 1640s the farm was owned by '''Niilo Markunpoika'''. == Eric Marcusson's descendants == The next known owners of the farm were '''Eric Marcusson''' and his wives, both called '''Margareta''' from 1656 until 1697. Their descendants held the farm for over a hundred years. * 1692-1712 son '''Eric Ericsson''' and wife '''Caisa Ericsdotter''' * 1722-1749 son '''Thomas Ericsson''' and wife '''Maria Larsdotter Kuuttila''' * 1750-1770 son '''Henric Thomasson''' and wife '''Walborg Mattsdotter Pirjola''' * 1771-1809 son '''Henric Henricsson''' and wife '''Anna Ericsdotter Iso-Hisso''' * daughter '''Sara Henricsdotter''' and husband '''Johan Johansson Pipo''' * son '''Henric Johansson''' and wife '''Wilhelmina Isacsdotter Kartano''' == Johan Kaaja == In the 19th century '''Johan Johansson Kaaja''' and his wife '''Anna Henricsdotter Karo''' took over the farm. Their son '''Henric Wilhelm Johansson Hannula''' and his wife '''Caisa Carolina Thomasdotter''' continued to maintain the farm. == Sources == * Iso-Iivari, Lasse: Karkun talonhaltijaluettelo. [http://users.utu.fi/isoi/talot/karkku.htm] * Kutala - kylä vuolteiden varrella. Kutalan nuorisoseura 2016. * Piilonen, Juhani: Sastamalan historia 2. 2007. * Suvanto, Seppo: Satakunnan henkilötiedosto 1303-1571. [http://www.narc.fi/suvanto/sivut_0191-0362_YLA-SASTAMALA_ELI_KARKKU.pdf]

[[Category: Finland Project]] [[Category:Finland Genealogy Resources]] {{Image |file=Finland-2.png |align=r |size=120px |caption=Page maintained by
the [[Project: Finland|Finland Project]] }}'''This page is part of [[Project:Finland]] and intended to be a step by step introduction to researching Finnish church books online.'''
The more information you have on a person and the more experience you have with Finnish church books, the further down this list you can start. If the record you are searching for can't be found in one set of images, then try the next.
The Finnish national archives [[Space:How_to_start_researching_in_Finland#Digihakemisto|Digihakemisto]] have what The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints have photographed to microfilm and provide @ [https://www.familysearch.org/ Familysearch.org].
Finland's Family History Association [[Space:How_to_start_researching_in_Finland#FFHA|FFHA]] have a slightly differing set of books and a project digitalizing newer and older books with modern equipment.
[https://riksarkivet.se/startpage The Swedish national archives] also has some Finnish books in their collections. If you don't find what you need in the Finnish databases, try your luck at the [https://sok.riksarkivet.se/digitala-forskarsalen Swedish digital archives]. == Language == The language used in Finnish church books is predominantly Swedish. Some southeastern parishes have used German and the Orthodox congregations Russian. Finnish is used in most parishes from around 1900. == Hiski == Hiski is a search engine provided by [http://www.genealogia.fi/index.php?language_id=1 the Genealogical Society of Finland] They have pretty comprehensive instructions in all three languages and the search engine works fine provided the books you are looking for have been indexed. * [http://hiski.genealogia.fi/historia/en/ohjeet.htm Instructions in English] ** [http://hiski.genealogia.fi/hiski?en Search in English] * [http://hiski.genealogia.fi/historia/se/ohjeet.htm Anvisningar på Svenska] (Swedish) ** [http://hiski.genealogia.fi/hiski?se Sökning på Svenska] (Swedish) * [http://hiski.genealogia.fi/historia/fi/ohjeet.htm Ohjeet Suomeksi] (Finnish) ** [http://hiski.genealogia.fi/hiski?fi Haku Suomeksi] (Finnish) Another [http://apps.genealogia.fi/ search engine for names] behind a pay wall contains the sailor's house, Name changes and Presumptions of deaths. See also [[Space:SSHY]] explaining direct link from Hiski to free FFHA records. == Digihakemisto == Is an attempt to index the church books and other relevant documents in the Finnish national archives by crowdsourcing. Feel free to add to the index on top of each image of the church book whenever you find a farm name, village name or last name of a person that hasn't yet been indexed. The starting page has instructions in respective languages, but the directory is only in Finnish. See glossary below. * [http://en-dot-digihakemisto.appspot.com/ English starting page] * [http://sv-dot-digihakemisto.appspot.com/ Svensk startsida] * [http://digihakemisto.appspot.com/ Suomalainen aloitussivu] == FFHA == Finland's Family History Association FFHA is actively photographing newer books and redigitizing older books with new technology. Part of their images are behind a paywall. They have also some books digitized that cannot be shown publicly yet due to Finnish secrecy laws, i.e. books that are less than 100 years old. The membership fee is a one time joining fee of 10€ and a yearly fee of 17€ [http://www.sukuhistoria.fi/sshy/sivut_eng/sshy/liity.htm Join] * [http://www.sukuhistoria.fi/sshy/index_eng.htm FFHA in English] ** [http://www.sukuhistoria.fi/sshy/kirjat/Kirkonkirjat/arkisto/paikkakunnittain.htm Free archives] ** [http://www.sukuhistoria.fi/sshy/sivut_eng/jasenille/paikat.php Image database for members] * [http://www.sukuhistoria.fi/sshy/index_sve.htm FSHF på Svenska] ** [http://www.sukuhistoria.fi/sshy/kirjat/Kirkonkirjat/arkisto/paikkakunnittain.htm Free archives] ** [http://www.sukuhistoria.fi/sshy/sivut_sve/jasenille/paikat.php Bild-databas för medlemmar] * [http://www.sukuhistoria.fi/sshy/index.htm SSHY Suomeksi] ** [http://www.sukuhistoria.fi/sshy/kirjat/Kirkonkirjat/arkisto/paikkakunnittain.htm Free archives] ** [http://www.sukuhistoria.fi/sshy/sivut/jasenille/paikat.php Kuvatietokanta jäsenille] See also [[Space:SSHY]] explaining direct link from Hiski to free FFHA records. == Special circumstances == * [[Space:Parishes_divided_1809 | Parishes divided 1809]] - A page explaining where to find archives for parishes that were divided by the new border after the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Finnish_War Finnish war] * [http://www.karjalatk.fi/index.php?lang=en The Carelia database foundation] maintains [https://katiha.mamk.fi/index.jsp searchable transcripts of church books] from the parishes that were abolished when [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Military_history_of_Finland_during_World_War_II Finland surrendered parts of Carelia (and Lapland) to Russia after WWII]. [https://katiha.mamk.fi/map.jsp This map of the area shows the affected parishes]. Some parishes surrendered only part of the area and continued with what was left on the Finnish side. The abolished parishes can also be searched @ Hiski in [http://hiski.genealogia.fi/hiski/8wrwmi?en+A21 English], [http://hiski.genealogia.fi/hiski/8wrvwd?se+A21 Swedish] and [http://hiski.genealogia.fi/hiski/8wrum7?fi+A21 Finnish] * Another special circumstance is Åland church books from between c.1865 and c.1890. These can sometimes be found in [https://www.arkivdigital.se/ ArkivDigital] (subscription needed). Photos of these records can sometimes be provided by asking on G2G. == See also == '''Finnish genealogy resources''' will be a more comprehensive list of resources needed for further research. and it can be found @ [[Space:Finland_genealogical_resources|Space:Finland genealogical resources]]. ==Glossary== See [[Space:Finland_Glossary]]

[[Category:Finland Project|1]] {{Image |file=Finland-2.png |align=r |size=120px |caption=Page maintained by
the [[Project: Finland|Finland Project]] }}'''This page is part of [[Project:Finland]].'''
=== How YOU can help Finland Project === Any improvements you can make to the Finnish profiles on WikiTree are welcome, but here are some specific goals we're working towards: * Make sure Finnish Profiles are the best they can be by; ** Cleaning up GEDCOM junk (Please read this help page first: [[:Help:GEDCOM-Created_Biographies|GEDCOM-Created_Biographies]]), ** Look for at least one good source (birth, marriage, death for example) and add it to the profile in accordance with [[:Help:Sources_Style_Guide |WikiTrees Style Guide for Sources]]. (Remember that all significant changes must be justified with a source.) If you don’t have time or opportunity to source them, please add {{Unsourced|Finland}} above the Biography heading of the profile. ** Help build a biography that provides enough information to ensure the profile does not get incorrectly merged. Some profiles might also need to have the biography translated, if you know both Finnish and English you could help provide a short summary in the missing language. Please read [[:Help:Biographies| WikiTrees Help page for Biographies]] before you start. ** Make sure the locations of Finnish profiles are correct and ends with either Finland or Suomi. Add location categories to Finnish profiles. * All Finnish profile duplicates should be merged into the final lowest profile ID number, see [[Help:Merging |Help:Merging]] * Are you a [[:Project:Data_Doctors| Data Doctor]]? If so, please help with the [[DBE_ErrorList_FIN|Finnish DataBaseError list]] and help us keep errors/suggestions of Finnish profiles at a minimum. * Populate empty location categories by adding categories to profiles. (Please see the Finnish Regions Team once it is up and running.) * Work on the [[:Category: Finland Project Maintenance Categories|maintenance categories]] to improve existing profiles. * PPP - Project Protected Profiles, alert the project team of profiles that meet the requirements and needs PPP by adding the project template to those profiles like this {{Finland|=Needs PPP}} See: [[:Help:Project_Protection |Help:Project_Protection]] * Add notable Finnish profiles to the project. (Someone who has an entry at/on Wikipedia in considered notable.) For example, the [[:Category: Presidents of Finland|Presidents of Finland]] is considered notable and we think they should have their their own profile on WikiTree, can you help us? The best place to start helping is with your own ancestors. You could use the list above and improve them first, then help with other Finnish profiles. Would you like to be more actively involved in the Finland Project? As the membership numbers grow we hope that our members might want to start teams to work on a specific subject together. It could be a Profile Improvement Team or perhaps a Finnish Emigrant Team? For the time being we have one team ready to start (as soon as we hear back from the Categorisation Projekt), and that is the Finland Regions Team. The purpose of the Finland Regions Team:
If you have a special interest for a certain area in Finland, you could adopt/sponsor one of the 19 Regions of Finland. That would mean you help the project create and oversee the location sub-categories in that specific Region and help create free-space pages about the Region and it’s sub-categories according to the projects style standard. You would also coordinate other members interested in the area and work together as a team. If you don’t want to be a Region Team leader and only want to be a Region Team member of a specific region it would be of great help if you could help the project populate empty location categories by adding categories to profiles and perhaps help with a free-space page or two. If you are interested in any of the tasks of Finland Regions Team contact [[Andersson-4409|Maggie Andersson]] and you will hear from us as soon as the Team are ready to start working.

[[Category: Iso-Hisso, Kutala, Karkku]] == Early Hissos == The earliest known individuals from the Hisso farms were called '''Madz Hassa''' (1540-1543), '''Michil Hissoi/Hissari''' (1544-1571) and '''Lasse Hissoi''' (1553-1571). == Sigfrid Henricsson's descendants == The next known owners of the farm were called '''Sigfrid Henricsson''' and his wife '''Brita Simonsdotter'''. Their descendants held the farm for over two hundred years. From 1644 to 1828 the farm served as an academy farm, providing funding for the medical faculty of the Royal Academy of Finland in taxes. == Later owners == From 1864 on the farm was held by '''August Henricsson Ylinen''' and '''Agneta Carlsdotter Koski'''. == Sources == * Iso-Iivari, Lasse: Karkun talonhaltijaluettelo. [http://users.utu.fi/isoi/talot/karkku.htm] * Kutala - kylä vuolteiden varrella. Kutalan nuorisoseura 2016. * Piilonen, Juhani: Sastamalan historia 2. 2007. * Suvanto, Seppo: Satakunnan henkilötiedosto 1303-1571. [http://www.narc.fi/suvanto/sivut_0191-0362_YLA-SASTAMALA_ELI_KARKKU.pdf]

[[Category: Iso-Ropo, Kutala, Karkku]] == Henric and Eskill, the Early Iso-Ropos == The earliest known individual from the '''Iso-Ropo''' farm is '''Henric Ropo''', who appears in the land records from 1540 to 1552. '''Eskill Larsson Ropoi''' appears between 1553 and 1571. == Escil Michelsson and descendants == The next known owners of the farm were '''Escil Michelsson''' and '''Walborg Ericsdotter''' until 1644, after which the farm was held by their descendants: * 1645-1685 son '''Thomas Escilsson Iso-Ropo''' ('''Tuomas Eskonpoika Ropo''') with wives '''Margareta''' and '''Brita''' * 1686-1697 son '''Eric Thomasson Iso-Ropo''' and wife '''Lisa''' * 1698-1704 son '''Jacob Ericsson Iso-Ropo''' and wife '''Walborg''' * 1709-1731 daughter '''Anna Jacobsdotter Iso-Ropo''' and husband '''Anders Johansson''' * 1733-1769 son '''Henric Andersson Iso-Ropo''' and wife '''Maria Nikkilä''', the daughter of Jöran Nikkilä from Sarkola village * 1770-1781 son '''Henric Henricsson Iso-Ropo''' with wives '''Walborg Jacobsdotter''' and '''Anna Mattsdotter Pirjola''' From 1664 until 1828 the farm served as academy farm, providing funds for the administration of the Royal Academy of Finland in taxes. Eventually the farm was split into two equal halves, with Iso-Ropo remaining as the name of one, the other one being called Keski-Ropo. The farms were took over by == Little Iso-Ropo == The farm was held by the same family even after the split: * '''Jöran Henricsson Iso-Ropo''' and '''Anna Henricsdotter Hannula''' * Anna's second husband '''Anders Jacobsson Vähä-Hisso''' * '''Henric Jöransson Iso-Ropo''', wives '''Anna Mattsdotter Kauppila''' and '''Anna Andersdotter Piipari''' * '''Anders Henricsson Iso-Ropo''' and '''Maria Andersdotter Jysiä''' == Keski-Ropo == The Keski-Ropo half was mastered by * '''Jacob Henricsson Iso-Ropo''' with wives '''Maria Ericsdotter''' and '''Maria Carlsdotter Skyttä''' * '''Anders Jacobsson Keski-Ropo''' and '''Anna Henricsdotter Vähätalo''' * '''Anders Andersson Keski-Ropo''' and '''Lena Lovisa Jacobsdotter Ollinpoika''' * '''Carl Andersson Keski-Ropo''' and '''Caisa Lisa Carlsdotter Tarkka''' The Keski-Ropo farm had three crofts established between 1886 and 1890. The Mäenpää croft was merged into the farm in 1901. The other two, Järvenpää and Rantala, were merged together and formed the Rantala farm in 1909. == Sources == * Iso-Iivari, Lasse: Karkun talonhaltijaluettelo. [http://users.utu.fi/isoi/talot/karkku.htm] * Kutala - kylä vuolteiden varrella. Kutalan nuorisoseura 2016. * Piilonen, Juhani: Sastamalan historia 2. 2007. * Suvanto, Seppo: Satakunnan henkilötiedosto 1303-1571. [http://www.narc.fi/suvanto/sivut_0191-0362_YLA-SASTAMALA_ELI_KARKKU.pdf]

[[Category: Kutala, Karkku]] '''Kutala''' is a big, old village located in the former municipality of Karkku, in modern day City of Sastamala, on an island with the same name in Lake Kulovesi. The village was originally located on the eastern side of the island, near a bridge to the mainland. In 1540 and in 1571 there were 14 farms in the village, 13 in the [https://jyx.jyu.fi/dspace/bitstream/handle/123456789/14753/a1_1-2.jpg 1644 map] by Jonas Streng. In the southern shore of the Kutala Island there was the village of Oravula. The solitary farm of Rainio, which turned into a small village, was located on the mainland side east of Kutala. South from Rainio there was the village of Koivu. The medieval villages of Kutala, Oravula, Rainio, and Koivu are nowadays often referred to as Kutala. From 1694 to 1810 two to five farms were responsible for providing a soldier together. The soldiers of Kutala farms in 1728 were called as follows: * Heikki Erkinpoika Hänfelt (Hannula, Iso-Hisso) * Juho Paavalinpoika Ropo (Iso-Ropo, Vähä-Ropo, Pentti from Koivu) * Juho Antinpoika Weckman (Piltti, Vähä-Hisso, Kauppila, Luola from Koivu, Paavola from Urmia) * Tuomas Jaakonpoika Björkman (Tarkka, Keisari, Koro from Koivu) * Tuomas Tuomaanpoika Sarkman (Nikali, Kouhi, Talola from Sarkola) Soldiers in 1804: * Heikki Matinpoika Örn (Hannula, Iso-Hisso) * Antti Heikinpoika Lang (Iso-Ropo, Vähä-Ropo, Pentti from Koivu) * Heikki Heikinpoika Ståhl (Piltti, Vähä-Hisso, Kauppila, Luola from Koivu, Paavola from Urmia) * Antti Matinpoika Spetz (Tarkka, Keisari, Koro from Koivu) * Juho Tuomaanpoika Boll (Nikali, Kouhi, Talola from Sarkola) == Sources == * Iso-Iivari, Lasse: Karkun talonhaltijaluettelo. [http://users.utu.fi/isoi/talot/karkku.htm] * Kutala - kylä vuolteiden varrella. Kutalan nuorisoseura 2016. * Piilonen, Juhani: Sastamalan historia 2. 2007. * Suvanto, Seppo: Satakunnan henkilötiedosto 1303-1571. [http://www.narc.fi/suvanto/sivut_0191-0362_YLA-SASTAMALA_ELI_KARKKU.pdf]

[[Category: Parishes, Finland]] [[Category: Seurakunnat, Suomi]] [[Category: Socknar och församlingar, Finland]] [[Category:Finland Genealogy Resources]] {{Image |file=Finland-2.png |align=r |size=120px |caption=Page maintained by
the [[Project: Finland|Finland Project]] }} [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sweden%E2%80%93Finland Sweden-Finland] was split 1809 after the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Finnish_War Finnish war] and several parishes were divided by [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Finland%E2%80%93Sweden_border the new border] that runs along the rivers Könkämäeno, Muonionjoki and Tornionjoki. People on both sides of the border are largely Finnish speaking and intermarriage over the border is frequent even today. Here we try to give a comprehensive list of those parishes and where to find their respective church books. Many church books will be found in several locations with differing quality of images. Please explore. * [http://digi.narc.fi/digi/view.ka?kuid=1678829 Map of the 1809 border.] This map shows the villages on both sides of the new border. Those villages that are marked on both sides of the border were divided and you would have to look at individual farms to find the nationality of the inhabitants. There has of course been divisions and merges of parishes at other times too and records can be found in surprising places. == Nedertorneå - Alatornio == The southernmost part of the border area includes the cities of Tornio - Torneå on the Finnish side and Haparanda in Sweden. * [https://sok.riksarkivet.se/kyrkoarkiv?Arkivsok=nedertorne%C3%A5&Lan=0&Arkiv=SE%2fHLA%2f1010133&PageSize=100&tab=serie#tab Swedish archives Nedertorneå 1814-1950] * [http://www.sukuhistoria.fi/sshy/index.htm Choose "Kirkonkirjat" and then Alatornio for church books 1617-1880] ** [http://www.sukuhistoria.fi/sshy/sivut/jasenille/paikat.php?plid=7 '''Paywall''' only for members of Finland's Family History Association Alatornio 1617-1900] * [http://digihakemisto.appspot.com/index_am?atun=184266.KA&amnimeke=Alatornion+seurakunnan+arkisto Alatornio 1556-1946] ** [http://digi.narc.fi/digi/dosearch.ka?atun=184266.KA The same as above in Finnish national archives] * [[:Category:Nedertorneå_(BD)|Nedertorneå]] in the Swedish category structure * [[:Category:Alatornio_(Nedertorneå)|Alatornio_(Nedertorneå)]] in the Finnish category structure === Haparanda - Tornio - Torneå === * [https://sok.riksarkivet.se/kyrkoarkiv?Arkivsok=haparanda&Lan=0&lf=Ladda+arkiv&PageSize=100&Arkiv=SE%2fHLA%2f1010064&tab=serie#tab Swedish archives Haparanda 1836-1972] * [http://www.sukuhistoria.fi/sshy/index.htm Choose "Kirkonkirjat" and then Tornio for church books 1665-1884] ** [http://www.sukuhistoria.fi/sshy/sivut/jasenille/paikat.php?plid=558 '''Paywall''' only for members of Finland's Family History Association Tornio 1665-1909] * [http://digihakemisto.appspot.com/index_am?atun=323428.KA&amnimeke=Tornion+seurakunnan+arkisto Tornio 1665-1898] ** [http://digi.narc.fi/digi/dosearch.ka?atun=323428.KA The same as above in Finnish national archives] * [[:Category:Haparanda_(BD)|Haparanda]] in the Swedish category structure * [[:Category: Tornio (Torneå)|Tornio (Torneå)]] in the Finnish category structure == Karl Gustaf - Karunki == * [https://sok.riksarkivet.se/kyrkoarkiv?Arkivsok=karl+gustav&Lan=0&PageSize=100&Arkiv=SE%2fHLA%2f1010101&tab=serie#tab Swedish archives Karl Gustav 1770-1969] * [http://www.sukuhistoria.fi/sshy/index.htm Choose "Kirkonkirjat" and then Karl Gustav for church books 1762-1857] * [http://www.sukuhistoria.fi/sshy/index.htm Choose "Kirkonkirjat" and then Karunki for church books 1820-1883] ** [http://www.sukuhistoria.fi/sshy/sivut/jasenille/paikat.php?plid=176 '''Paywall''' only for members of Finland's Family History Association Karunki 1820-1931] * [http://digihakemisto.appspot.com/index_am?atun=184289.KA&amnimeke=Karungin+seurakunnan+arkisto Karunki 1820-1931] ** [http://digi.narc.fi/digi/dosearch.ka?atun=184289.KA The same as above in Finnish national archives] * [[:Category:Karl_Gustav_(BD)|Karl Gustav]] in the Swedish category structure == Hietaniemi/Övertorneå/Svanstein - Ylitornio/Turtola == Most of the oldest church books will be found under Hietaniemi parish for the entire area. * [https://sok.riksarkivet.se/kyrkoarkiv?Arkivsok=hietaniemi&Lan=0&PageSize=100&Arkiv=SE%2fHLA%2f1010071&tab=serie#tab Swedish archives Hietaniemi 1683-1954] * [http://www.sukuhistoria.fi/sshy/index.htm Choose "Kirkonkirjat" and then Hietaniemi for church books 1683-1864] * [https://sok.riksarkivet.se/kyrkoarkiv?Arkivsok=%C3%B6vertorne%C3%A5&Lan=0&Arkiv=SE%2fHLA%2f1010252&Serie=0&PageSize=100&tab=serie#tab Swedish archives Övertorneå 1612-1949] * [http://www.sukuhistoria.fi/sshy/index.htm Choose "Kirkonkirjat" and then Övertorneå for church books 1612-1886] * [https://sok.riksarkivet.se/kyrkoarkiv?Arkivsok=svanstein&Lan=0&lf=Ladda+arkiv&Arkiv=SE%2fHLA%2f1010195&Serie=0&PageSize=100&tab=serie#tab Swedish archives Svanstein 1920-1958] * [http://www.sukuhistoria.fi/sshy/index.htm Choose "Kirkonkirjat" and then Ylitornio for church books 1808-1884] ** [http://www.sukuhistoria.fi/sshy/sivut/jasenille/paikat.php?plid=648 '''Paywall''' only for members of Finland's Family History Association Ylitornio 1808-1972] * [http://digihakemisto.appspot.com/index_am?atun=184826.KA&amnimeke=Ylitornion+seurakunnan+arkisto Ylitornio 1813-1931] ** [http://digi.narc.fi/digi/dosearch.ka?atun=184826.KA The same as above in Finnish national archives] * [http://www.sukuhistoria.fi/sshy/index.htm Choose "Kirkonkirjat" and then Turtola for church books 1820-1884] ** [http://www.sukuhistoria.fi/sshy/sivut/jasenille/paikat.php?plid=561 '''Paywall''' only for members of Finland's Family History Association Turtola 1820-1909] * [http://digihakemisto.appspot.com/index_am?atun=184814.KA&amnimeke=Turtolan+seurakunnan+arkisto Turtola 1809-1886] ** [http://digi.narc.fi/digi/dosearch.ka?atun=184814.KA The same as above in Finnish national archives] * [[:Category:Hietaniemi_(BD)|Hietaniemi]] in the Swedish category structure * [[:Category:Övertorneå_(BD)|Övertorneå]] in the Swedish category structure * [[:Category:Svanstein_(BD)|Svanstein]] in the Swedish category structure == Pajala/Muonionalusta - Kolari/Muonio == * [https://sok.riksarkivet.se/kyrkoarkiv?Arkivsok=pajala&Lan=0&PageSize=100&Arkiv=SE%2fHLA%2f1010153&tab=serie#tab Swedish archives Pajala 1743-1953] * [http://www.sukuhistoria.fi/sshy/index.htm Choose "Kirkonkirjat" and then Pajala for church books 1728-1838] * [https://sok.riksarkivet.se/kyrkoarkiv?Arkivsok=muonionalusta&Lan=0&Arkiv=SE%2fHLA%2f1010129&Serie=0&PageSize=100&tab=serie#tab Swedish archives Muonionalusta 1893-1969] * [http://www.sukuhistoria.fi/sshy/index.htm Choose "Kirkonkirjat" and then Kolari for church books 1858-1883] ** [http://www.sukuhistoria.fi/sshy/sivut/jasenille/paikat.php?plid=219 '''Paywall''' only for members of Finland's Family History Association Kolari 1856-1903] * [http://digihakemisto.appspot.com/index_am?atun=184419.KA&amnimeke=Kolarin+seurakunnan+arkisto Kolari 1856-1901] ** [http://digi.narc.fi/digi/dosearch.ka?atun=184419.KA The same as above in Finnish national archives] * [http://www.sukuhistoria.fi/sshy/index.htm Choose "Kirkonkirjat" and then Muonio for church books 1797-1885] ** [http://www.sukuhistoria.fi/sshy/sivut/jasenille/paikat.php?plid=340 '''Paywall''' only for members of Finland's Family History Association Muonio 1779-1948] * [http://digihakemisto.appspot.com/index_am?atun=184526.KA&amnimeke=Muonion+seurakunnan+arkisto Muonio1797-1901] ** [http://digi.narc.fi/digi/dosearch.ka?atun=184526.KA The same as above in Finnish national archives] * [[:Category:Pajala_(BD)|Pajala]] in the Swedish category structure * [[:Category:Muonionalusta_(BD)|Muonionalusta]] in the Swedish category structure == Karesuando - Enontekiö == * [https://sok.riksarkivet.se/kyrkoarkiv?Arkivsok=karesuando&Lan=0&PageSize=100&Arkiv=SE%2fHLA%2f1010100&tab=serie#tab Swedish archives Karesuando 1720-1948] * [http://www.sukuhistoria.fi/sshy/index.htm Choose "Kirkonkirjat" and then Enontekiö for church books 1720-1884] ** [http://www.sukuhistoria.fi/sshy/sivut/jasenille/paikat.php?plid=32 '''Paywall''' only for members of Finland's Family History Association Enontekiö 1720-1910] * [http://digihakemisto.appspot.com/index_am?atun=184270.KA&amnimeke=Enonteki%C3%B6n+seurakunnan+arkisto Enontekiö 1720-1914] ** [http://digi.narc.fi/digi/dosearch.ka?atun=184270.KA The same as above in Finnish national archives] * [[:Category:Karesuando_(BD)|Karesuando]] in the Swedish category structure == Maps == * [http://35579.hotellet.bahnhof.net/Socknar/RikindAtlas068.gif Map of parishes in Norrbotten, Sweden 1992] * [http://hiski.genealogia.fi/hiski/8vjvh0?fi+A19 Hiski list of parishes in Lapland, Finland] ** [http://hiski.genealogia.fi/hiski/8vjvh0 Tornio] ** [http://hiski.genealogia.fi/hiski/8vjvh0?fi+0007 Alatornio] ** [http://hiski.genealogia.fi/hiski/8vjvh0?fi+0176 Karunki] ** [http://hiski.genealogia.fi/hiski/8vjvh0?fi+0648 Ylitornio] ** [http://hiski.genealogia.fi/hiski/8vjvh0?fi+0561 Turtola] ** [http://hiski.genealogia.fi/hiski/8vjvh0?fi+0219 Kolari] ** [http://hiski.genealogia.fi/hiski/8vjvh0?fi+0340 Muonio] ** [http://hiski.genealogia.fi/hiski/8vjvh0?fi+0032 Enontekiö]

[[Category:Finland Project]] [[Category:Finland Genealogy Resources]] == Site provided citations == Many sites provide citations, usually close to the bottom of the page. '''Please make sure that the citation contains a link to the site''', otherwise use [] brackets as explained under the "Links" header below. A couple of examples: * Yrjö Kotivuori, Ylioppilasmatrikkeli 1640–1852: Georg Ståhlberg. Verkkojulkaisu 2005 . Luettu 6.5.2022. * Väänänen, Kyösti: Georgius Georgii Ståhlberg. Turun hiippakunnan paimenmuisto 1554–1721 -verkkojulkaisu. Studia Biographica 9. Helsinki: Suomalaisen Kirjallisuuden Seura, 2011– (viitattu 6.5.2022). Julkaisun pysyvä tunniste URN:NBN:fi-fe201101191118; artikkelin pysyvä tunniste http://urn.fi/urn:nbn:fi:sks-thp-002404 The [https://digihakemisto.net Digihakemisto] search engine citation gives a link to the National Archives site. As I find it easier to view the pictures on the Digihakemisto site, I usually add the link like this:
* [https://digihakemisto.net/item/1265621015/5849357355/1 Rauman kaupunki- ja maaseurakunnan arkisto - I Aa1:2 Rippikirja 1724-1735, jakso 1, sivu 1: Prästegård: Probsten Georg Ståhlberg; Kansallisarkisto: https://astia.narc.fi/uusiastia/viewer/?fileId=5849357355&aineistoId=1265621015 / Viitattu 6.5.2022]
* [https://digihakemisto.net/item/1265621015/5849357355/1 Rauman kaupunki- ja maaseurakunnan arkisto - I Aa1:2 Rippikirja 1724-1735, jakso 1, sivu 1: Prästegård: Probsten Georg Ståhlberg; Kansallisarkisto: https://astia.narc.fi/uusiastia/viewer/?fileId=5849357355&aineistoId=1265621015 / Viitattu 6.5.2022] == Links == Always add links when your source is online like this: Your link https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Primary_source and explanatory text inside square brackets [ ]. Remember to separate the link and text with one space. * [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Primary_source Wikipedia article on primary sources]
becomes
[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Primary_source Wikipedia article on primary sources] == Church books == Minimum requirement for citing church books are * Parish * Sort of record * Time frame * Page # (if applicable) * When birth/marriage/death/migration records are numbered can year and record # be used. == Citing online books == Remember to change to correct link and page number. * [http://runeberg.org/frfinl/0010.html Frälsesläkter i Finland intill stora ofreden / page 5 (1909-1916) Author: Jully Ramsay provided by Project Runeberg ] * [https://litteraturbanken.se/forfattare/LewenhauptA/titlar/KarlXIIsOfficerare/sida/240/faksimil Karl XII:s officerare, Biografiska anteckningar av Adam Lewenhaupt - Stockholm 1920 P A Norstedt & söners förlag Page 240 - provided by Litteraturbanken ] * [https://uppslagsverket.fi/sv/sok/view-103684-VonSchoultzJohanna {{Red|Lindberg, Johan: Johanna von Schoulz}}. Uppslagsverket Finland-webbutgåva: www.uppslagsverket.fi. Schildts förlags Ab, 2009-2012, SFV 2012- 28.7.2019.] Change red parts (Author and article). == Citing offline books == Remember to change book and page # *This is the digitized version of Elgenstierna. ** Den introducerade svenska adelns ättartavlor med tillägg och rättelser. Book II page 559. Digitized 2018 by [https://www.genealogi.net/ Genealogiska Föreningen], Author [[Elgenstierna-1|Gustaf Elgenstierna]] 1925-1936 ISBN 978-91-984864-0-7 *This is the digitized version of the supplements and corrections to Elgenstierna. ** Den introducerade svenska adelns ättartavlor med tillägg och rättelser. Supplement I page 212. Digitized 2018 by [https://www.genealogi.net/ Genealogiska Föreningen], Author Carl Szabad 2008 (corrections and supplements) ISBN 978-91-984864-0-7 *This is the paperback version of Elgenstierna. ** Den introducerade svenska adelns ättartavlor med tillägg och rättelser. Book II Page 222 Author [[Elgenstierna-1|Gustaf Elgenstierna]] Publisher P.A.Nordstedt & Söners Förlag, Stockholm 1925-1936 *And the supplements and corrections. ** Supplement till Den introducerade svenska adelns ättartavlor Book II page 222 Author Carl Szabad Publisher [https://www.genealogi.se/ Sveriges Släktforskarförbund] 2008 ISBN 91-87676-52-4 * Frälsesläkter i Finland intill stora ofreden / p 0 Tab 0 (1909-1916) Author: [[Ekström-264|Jully Ramsay]] * Johan Bures släktbok av Urban Sikeborg et al. Svenska Litteratursällskapet i Finland och Genealogiska Föreningen 2017. ISBN 978-91-639-4112-2 Person-ID: 1830 nedan * Den med sköldebref förlänade men ej å Riddarhuset introducerade svenska adelns ättar-taflor, publicerad 1875 av skriftställaren Bernhard Schlegel och riksheraldikern Carl. A. Klingspor. Sida 0 * Sukukirja - Suomen Aatelittomia Sukuja 1901 Axel Bergholm osa I sivu 0 Taulu 0 * Genealogia Sursilliana - based on the work of Johannes Elai Terserus published by Elias Robert Alcenius 1850 p 0 * Ättar-taflor öfver den på Finlands Riddarhus introducerade adeln af Oskar Wasastjerna Första delen A-K utgiven Borgå 1879 s 0 * Ättar-taflor öfver den på Finlands Riddarhus introducerade adeln af Oskar Wasastjerna Andra delen L-Ö utgiven Borgå 1880 s 0 * Ättar-taflor öfver den på Finlands Riddarhus introducerade adeln af Oskar Wasastjerna Supplement band utgiven Borgå 1883 s 0 * Åbo stifts herdaminne ifrån Reformationens början till närvarande tid - Carl Henric Strandberg Förra delen s 0 Åbo 1832 * Åbo stifts herdaminne ifrån Reformationens början till närvarande tid - Carl Henric Strandberg Sednare delen s 0 Åbo 1834 * [https://finna.fi/Search/Results?lookfor=kapteeni+Gustav+Bucht Kapteeni Gustav Bucht 1696-1759 Book by Erkki Hasa, Väylä 2009 ISBN 978-952-5823-00-4] * [https://finna.fi/Record/fennica.643792 Tuisku-Camenaeus sukukirja : 5, Veronkantokirjuri Gabriel Buchtin jälkeläiset by Pauli Helén, 1993 ISBN 952-90-4770-3] * Finlands Ridderskaps och Adels Kalender 2010 compiled by Johanna Aminoff-Winberg - published by Finlands Riddarhus 2009 - ISBN 978-952-99780-3-8 p * Finlands Ridderskaps och Adels Kalender 2019 compiled by Johanna Aminoff-Winberg - published by Finlands Riddarhus 2018 - ISSN 0789-3175 p * Skottirotta ja Ruotsin koira - Turun ulkomaalainen porvaristo vuosina 1600-1660. Article by Veli Pekka Toropainen p * Åbo i genealogiskt hänseende på 1600- och början af 1700-talen af Tor Carpelan Helsingfors 1890 p * Uusi sukukirja I by Olavi Wanne, A.R.Cederberg, Ragnar Rosén and Gunnar Soininen. Published by The Genealogical Society of Finland in Helsinki 1943-1946 * Personhistorisk tidskrift 1921 häfte 1 sida 50 utgiven av Personhistoriska Samfundet. * Herdaminne för fordna Wiborgs och nuvarande Borgå stift af Matthias Akiander I delen s.0. Helsingfors 1868. * Herdaminne för fordna Wiborgs och nuvarande Borgå stift af Matthias Akiander II delen s.0. Helsingfors 1869. == Citing online databases == * [http://df.narc.fi/document/1555 DF 1555 Finnish National Archives Diplomatarium Fennicum] * [http://haudat.genealogia.fi/php/indexs.php Genealogical Society of Finland grave database] * [https://ylioppilasmatrikkeli.helsinki.fi/1853-1899/henkilo.php?id=20899 Helsinki University - Ylioppilasmatrikkeli 1853–1899 Veli-Matti Autio] * [https://www2.helsinki.fi/sites/default/files/atoms/files/ylioppilasmatrikkeli_1905_1907.pdf Helsinki university ylioppilasmatrikkeli 1905-1907] * [http://biografiasampo.fi/henkilo/p591 Biografiasampo - Linked Open Data Cloud showcase for different online biografies - Joint project of Aalto University and University of Helsinki] * [https://www.sotasampo.fi/fi/units/page/actor_11330 Sotasampo.fi Linked Open Data Cloud for Finnish war history - Aalto University] * [http://vesta.narc.fi/cgi-bin/db2www/sotasurmahaku/input?hakuid=3109 War victims in Finland, 1914-22 © 2001- Valtioneuvoston kanslia, Suomi - Accessed 10 Sep 2019] * [https://digi.kansalliskirjasto.fi/sanomalehti/binding/1742000?page=3 Newspaper Laatokka 6 Jan 1944 p3 Digitized by the National Library of Finland - Retrieved 10 Sep 2019] * [http://www.mannerheim-ristinritarit.fi/ritarit?xm_ksort=s&xmid=177&fbclid=IwAR0RMHhrWdW0O2t1LDRmSxGzkCJO5K5c-9WxFhjf7qfJfEff2VD5mWF0NHo Mannerheim-ristin ritarien perinnesäätiö - Mannerheim-ristin ritarit matrikkeli - Ilmari Hurmerinta 2008] * [http://brantberg.fi/Vihma%20Einar.htm?fbclid=IwAR0BVrbOOKOtsXy_0utxg1gs1PGd0PnAlbV7OSS6YE1vNVIq0FvN-1QM2D0 Robert Brantberg author website with published short stories and excerpts from his books] == Citing offline databases == * Sveriges dödbok 7 1860-2016 Database compiled by The Federation of Swedish Genealogical Societies ID SDB7_00821477 * Vallon 5 - USB. [https://vallon.se/ Sällskapet vallonättlingar] 2018. == Citing Genos == * Genos 1/1977, s. 1-5, 12 Författare Göran Söderlund Genos är en referensgranskad genealogisk tidskrift utgiven av [https://www.sukuhistoria.fi/sshy/index_sve.htm Genealogiska Samfundet i Finland]
* Genos 1/1962, p. 18-24 Author Arvi Ilmoniemi Genos is a peer reviewed genealogical magazine issued by [https://www.sukuhistoria.fi/sshy/index_eng.htm The Genealogical Society of Finland]

[[Category:Finnish Projects]] [[Category:Suomi]] [[Category:Finland (sv)]] [[Category:Finland (en)]] {{Image |file=Finland-2.png |align=r |size=120px |caption=Page maintained by
the [[Project: Finland|Finland Project]] }} == Suomi == [[Image:European_Flags-45.png | 150px |Flag of Finland ]] [https://www.google.com/maps/@64.9146659,26.0672554,4z Google kartta] [https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suomi Wikipediasta]: '''Suomen tasavalta'''; Ruotsiksi: ''Finland, Republiken Finland''; Englanniksi: ''Finland, Republic of Finland'', on pohjois-eurooppalainen tasavalta. Suomella on maarajat Ruosin, Norjan ja Venäjän kanssa, sekä etelässä meriraja Viron kanssa. Suomen ja Viron välissä sijaitsee Suomenlahti. Suomessa oli noin 5,5 miljonaa asukasta vuoden 2014 lopussa. Valtaosa heistä asui maan eteläisessä osassa. Finland är till ytan det åttonde största landet i Europa men har den lägsta befolkningstätheten i Europeiska unionen. Finland är en parlamentarisk repblik som styrs från huvudstaden Helsingfors med hjälp av sex regionförvaltningsverk vilka 2010 ersatte de tidigare länen. Lokalförvaltningen handhas av 311 kommuner. Åland är ett självstyrande landskap, vilket gör Finland till en federation. Omkring en million människor bor i huvudstadsområdet (Helsingfors, Esbo, Grankulla och Vanda) och omkring en tredjedel av BNP:n produceras där. Andra stora städer är Tammerfors, Åbo, Uleåborg, Jyväskylä, Lahtis och Kuopio. Finland var en del an Sverige från 1100-talet till 1809, då landet blev ett självstyrande storfurstendöme under Ryssland tills den Ryska revolutionen 1917. Händelserna där ledde till den Finska självständighetsdeklarationen 6 Dec 1917, vilket i sin tur ledde till inbördeskrig mellan de röda som hade stöd av Bolsjevikerna och de vita som stöddes av det Tyska Riket. Efter ett kort försök att establisera en monarki i landet blev Finland en republik 17 Jul 1919. '''Vad som behöver iakttagas i genealogin'''
Även om bönder och vanligt folk hade Finska som sitt modersmål, var Svenska det språk som tjänstemän och präster använde, även under den Ryska tiden. Finska namn översattes till Svenska, inte alltid på samma sätt av olika präster. Namn som Juha, Juho och Johannes kunde alla skrivas in som Johan medan namn som Johanna och Hanna samt Per och Pehr var olika stavningar av samma namn, såväl som bokstaven h lagt till slutet av namn som Susanna och Susannah.
Finland lämnade också över stora områden till Ryssland efter andra världskriget och städer som länshuvudstaden [https://www.google.com/maps/place/Viipuri,+Leningradin+alue,+Ven%C3%A4j%C3%A4/@60.4341103,25.6256345,6.67z/data=!4m5!3m4!1s0x46973232203b6cbb:0xc0c46abf336b4e55!8m2!3d60.7139529!4d28.7571571?hl=fi Viipuri (Viborg)] blir på kartan en liten by i södra Finland när man söker [https://www.google.fi/maps/place/25500+Viipuri/@61.1106878,27.6976531,7.71z/data=!4m5!3m4!1s0x468c512c1ee68185:0xa00b553b98e62c0!8m2!3d60.1554097!4d23.0788543 "Viipuri Finland"] i moderna kartor. == Språk == Kommuner i Finland 2016 uppdelat på språk: :Beige: enspråkigt finska :Mörkblå: enspråkigt svenska :Turkos: tvåspråkigt, majoritetsspråk finska, minoritetsspråk svenska :Ljusblå: tvåsråkigt, majoritetsspråk svenska, minoritetsspråk finska :Vinröd: majoritetsspråk finska och samiska som minoritetsspråk {{Image|file=Sources-Finland.png |caption=LANGUAGES IN FINLAND }} [https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/9e/Languages_of_Finnish_municipalities_%282016%29.svg Större bild] ==Geografi== ===Län=== Mellan 1634 och 2009, var Finland administration uppdelad i län. * [https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Finlands_l%C3%A4n Wikipedia] {| border="1" cellpadding="3" |- ! Lääni ! 1775–1812 ! 1812–1831 ! 1831–1918 ! 1918–1938 ! 1938–1945 ! 1945–1960 ! 1960–1997 |- ! [[:Category:Ahvenanmaan lääni|Ahvenanmaa]] | | | | style="background: gold" | | style="background: gold" | | style="background: gold" | | style="background: gold" | |- ! [[:Category:Hämeen lääni|Häme]] | | | style="background: salmon" | | style="background: salmon" | | style="background: salmon" | | style="background: salmon" | | style="background: salmon" | |- ! [[:Category:Keski-Suomen lääni|Keski-Suomi]] | | | | | | | style="background: silver" | |- ! [[:Category:Kuopion lääni|Kuopio]] | | | style="background: black" | | style="background: black" | | style="background: black" | | style="background: black" | | style="background: black" | |- ! [[:Category:Kymenkartanon lääni|Kymenkartano]] | style="background: lightblue" | | style="background: lightblue" | | | | | |- ! [[:Category:Kymen lääni|Kymi]] | | | | | | style="background: orangered" | | style="background: orangered" | |- ! [[:Category:Lapin lääni|Lappi]] | | | | | style="background: navy" | | style="background: navy" | | style="background: navy" | |- ! [[:Category:Mikkelin lääni|Mikkeli]] | | | style="background: darkred" | | style="background: darkred" | | style="background: darkred" | | style="background: darkred" | | style="background: darkred" | |- ! [[:Category:Oulun lääni|Oulu]] | style="background: greenyellow" | | style="background: greenyellow" | | style="background: greenyellow" | | style="background: greenyellow" | | style="background: greenyellow" | | style="background: greenyellow" | | style="background: greenyellow" | |- ! [[:Category:Petsamon lääni|Petsamo]] | | | | style="background: tan" | (1920–) | | | |- ! [[:Category:Pohjois-Karjalan lääni|Pohjois-Karjala]] | | | | | | | style="background: red" | |- ! [[:Category:Savon ja Karjalan lääni|Savo ja Karjala]] | style="background: indigo" | | style="background: indigo" | | | | | | |- ! [[:Category:Turun ja Porin lääni|Turku ja Pori]] | style="background: brown" | | style="background: brown" | | style="background: brown" | | style="background: brown" | | style="background: brown" | | style="background: brown" | | style="background: brown" | |- ! [[:Category:Uudenmaan lääni|Uusimaa]] | | | style="background: moccasin" | | style="background: moccasin" | | style="background: moccasin" | | style="background: moccasin" | | style="background: moccasin" | |- ! [[:Category:Uudenmaan ja Hämeen lääni|Uusimaa ja Häme]] | style="background: sienna" | | style="background: sienna" | | | | | |- ! [[:Category:Vaasan lääni|Vaasa]] | style="background: green" | | style="background: green" | | style="background: green" | | style="background: green" | | style="background: green" | | style="background: green" | | style="background: green" | |- ! [[:Category:Viipurin lääni|Viipuri]] | | style="background: dodgerblue" | | style="background: dodgerblue" | | style="background: dodgerblue" | | style="background: dodgerblue" | | |} === Historiska landskap === Finlands historiska landskap är ett arv efter landets gemensamma historia med Sverige. De var administrativa enheter till 1634. * [https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Historiska_landskap_i_Finland Wikipedia]
'''Engelska (Finska, Svenska)'''
: Finland Proper (Varsinais-Suomi, Egentliga Finland) : Karelia (Karjala, Karelen) : Laponia (Lappi, Lappland) : Ostrobothnia (Pohjanmaa, Österbotten) : Satakunta (Satakunta, Satakunda) : Savonia (Savo, Savolax) : Tavastia (Häme, Tavastland) : Uusimaa (Uusimaa, Nyland) : Åland (Ahvenanmaa, Åland) === Det moderna Finland består av 19 landskapsförbund === * [https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Landskap_i_Finland Wikipedia] '''FINSKA -- ENGELSKA -- SVENSKA'''
Ahvenanmaa -- Åland Islands -- Åland
Etelä-Karjala -- South Karelia -- Södra Karelen
Etelä-Pohjanmaa -- Southern Ostrobothnia -- Södra Österbotten
Etelä-Savo -- Southern Savonia -- Södra Savolax
Kainuu -- Kainuu -- Kajanaland
Kanta-Häme -- Tavastia Proper -- Egentliga Tavastland
Keski-Pohjanmaa -- Central Ostrobothnia -- Mellersta Österbotten
Keski-Suomi -- Central Finland -- Mellersta Finland
Kymenlaakso -- Kymenlaakso -- Kymmenedalen
Lappi -- Lapland -- Lappland
Päijät-Häme -- Päijänne Tavastia -- Päijänne-Tavastland
Pirkanmaa -- Pirkanmaa -- Birkaland
Pohjanmaa -- Ostrobothnia -- Österbotten
Pohjois-Karjala -- North Karelia -- Norra Karelen
Pohjois-Pohjanmaa -- Northern Ostrobothnia -- Norra Österbotten
Pohjois-Savo -- Northern Savonia -- Norra Savolax
Satakunta -- Satakunta -- Satakunta
Uusimaa -- Uusimaa -- Nyland
Varsinais-Suomi -- Finland Proper -- Egentliga Finland
'''ENGELSKA -- FINSKA'''
Åland Islands -- Ahvenanmaa
Central Finland -- Keski-Suomi
Central Ostrobothnia -- Keski-Pohjanmaa
Finland Proper -- Varsinais-Suomi
Kainuu -- Kainuu
Kymenlaakso -- Kymenlaakso
Lapland -- Lappi
Northern Ostrobothnia -- Pohjois-Pohjanmaa
North Karelia -- Pohjois-Karjala
Northern Savonia -- Pohjois-Savo
Ostrobothnia -- Pohjanmaa
Päijänne Tavastia -- Päijät-Häme
South Karelia -- Etelä-Karjala
Southern Savonia -- Etelä-Savo
Southern Ostrobothnia -- Etelä-Pohjanmaa
Pirkanmaa -- Pirkanmaa
Satakunta -- Satakunta
Tavastia Proper -- Kanta-Häme
Uusimaa -- Uusimaa
=== Regioner === 2010 skapades sex '''Regionförvaltningsverk''' genom sammanslagning av olika län. Se [https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Regionf%C3%B6rvaltningsverk Wikipedia].