[[Category: Early Scandinavia Project, Free Space Profiles]] '''A work in progress''', mainly supposed to sketch a short outline of historical events and gather links to for those who want to learn more. (Both good outside links and links to free-space pages within WikiTree.) The time period for "Early Scandinavia" should be prior to the year 1200 (but no profiles BC). In the phrase "Early Scandinavia" we include the modern day countries of Denmark, Finland, Norway and Sweden as well as Greenland and Iceland. Since parts of the British Isles also were considered to be ruled by Norwegian or Danish during the "viking age" there should also be cooperation with the XXX project(s). == Periods in Scandinavian history == === Viking period === The Viking period of Scandinavia' is too large subject to be handled on this page, this is a link to another free space profile which will be a starting point for that subject and time period; [[:Space:Early Scandinavia - History of the Vikings]] == Projects in cooperation == As of now there is cooperation with the project(s); * '''Irish Kingdoms and their kings''' [[Space:Irish_Kingdoms]] which is a subproject of Irish Roots, [[:Project:Irish_Roots]]. == Links == https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scandinavian_prehistory https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_Scandinavia https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ordinance_of_Alsn%C3%B6 Start of aristocracy in Sweden

[[Category: Early Scandinavia Project, Free Space Profiles]] '''Work in progress''' For the time being this will serve as a place to put a '''very brief explanatory text and some links''' to pages concerning the Viking period of Scandinavia, which would also include the British Isles and other settlements of the vikings. We will start with using Ireland as an example, this text can later be moved to a free space profile of its own. === Ireland === The [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chronicle_of_Ireland Chronicle of Ireland] records that in 431 Bishop Palladius arrived in Ireland on a mission from Pope Celestine I to minister to the Irish "already believing in Christ". A mission founded in 563 by an Irish monk (Saint Columba) began a tradition of Irish missionary work that spread Celtic Christianity and learning to Scotland, England and the Frankish Empire, establishing monasteries and centres of learning. From a Viking point of view, monasteries and towns nearby must have been places suitable for raiding expeditions. Eventually, the raiders became settlers, establishing most of the major coastal settlements in Ireland: Dublin, Limerick, Cork, Wexford, Waterford, as well as other smaller settlements. In the beginning of the 7th century, Wikipedia describes Ireland as a "patchwork of rival kingdoms" and that a concept of national kingship gradually became articulated through the concept of a "High King of Ireland". All of the Irish kingdoms had their own kings but were nominally subject to the High King. The concept didn't become a political reality until the Viking Age and even then was not a consistent one. (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ireland#Late_antiquity_and_early_medieval_times) ==== WikiTree ==== * [[Space:Time_Line_Irish_History#Viking_Era_795-1014]] * [[Space:Irish_Kingdoms]] (There were probably no less than 150 kings at any given time between the 4th and 12th centuries. This is only a partial list and is an ongoing project.) * [[:Category:Irish History, Kingdoms of the Vikings]] * [[:Category:Irish_History, Kingdom_of_Dublin]] * [[Space:Kings_of_Dublin]] * [[Space:Kings_of_Waterford]] * [[Space:Historical_Sources_of_Ireland]] ==== Wikipedia ==== * https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viking_expansion#Ireland * https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kingdom_of_Dublin * https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Early_Scandinavian_Dublin *https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ireland#Late_antiquity_and_early_medieval_times

[[Category: Early Scandinavia Project, Free Space Profiles]] The purpose of this page is to gather some example profiles of Early Scandinavia Project. Since very many of these profiles have "sources" written many hundred years later than the person lived and/or the event took place, the different sources mentioning the person don't always agree with each other. Therefore a suggestion is to create sub-headers of the Biography header like; : '''Name(s)''' : '''Parents and family''' : '''Spouse(s) and children''' : '''Death and burial''' and present the different information "according to: xxx" and "according to yyy;" under the correct header. (The biography heading should alway have two == on either side of the word Biography, a sub-section should have three ===) '''Example profiles:''' * [[Gormsson-36|Harald Blåtand (Bluetooth) Gormsson]] is an example profile of a person whose existence is proven. (The profiles connected to him still needs work and research though.) * [[Ingvarsson-52| Anund "Bröt-Anund" (Land clearer) Ingvarsson]] is an example of a profile of a person whose existence is not proven (and historians are still debating). In this case his father is not certain but since the alternate father is his grandfather (which is still the same family), we are for the time being leaving him connected to his "father". An alternative would be to disconnect him from the father and only link to both suggested fathers profiles in the biography.

This profile also show example how a multilingual profile can be made, it has Headings in two languages, Swedish and English. * [[Unknown-227620|Dag den mäktige (Unknown LNAB)]] This is an example of a profile to be considered belonging in the legends only. He is supposedly, if he ever existed, to have lived before the year 500 according to sagas written abt 700 years later. Since most of the Scandinavian countries did not exist "as a country" in this time period Scandinavia can be used in the location field with modern-day country in parentheses after, example: Scandinavia (Sweden). If the profile is not for a historically proven person, please add the template {{Uncertain Existence|Early Scandinavia}} to the profile. Since most of these profiles have been imported in WikiTree's early days and most managers have not contributed to add any relevant info at all to the biographies, it is OK to remove the "Acknowledgement" heading. However, please keep the gedcom file name at the end of the profile, preferrably separated from sources with a horisontal line.

[[Category: Early Scandinavia Project, Free Space Profiles]] ---- '''Early Scandinavia Project - Name Guidelines ''' Since the project is dealing with profiles for “persons” born so early that they would have not recognised the alphabet we use today (most of them would have carved runes), the best solution for entering their names at WikiTree is to spell them like the modern day books and articles about the persons would (which make searching for them easier as well). Most of the profiles in this project also belong to a time in history when LNAB’s were most probably never used and these guidelines consider that as well; * We should use the names and the spelling the profile would have in the modern day country of their origin. If someone is supposed to have lived in what is now Sweden - use Swedish name.
Example: Harald instead of Haraldr, Haraldsdotter instead of Haraldsdóttir. * If the name of the father is known - use the patronymic as LNAB.
Example: Haraldsson and Haraldsdotter (spelling depending on which area/country they are supposed to lived in). * Many in this time period have been attributed with a byname (binamn/tillnamn/tilnavn) which is not the same as a nickname, neither was it a last name/surname. Therefore it would be practical to use the middle name field for bynames. That way it will also show up in lists when doing a search, even with a LNAB set as Unknown.
Example: A search for Halfdan will generate a match of "Halfdan Guldtand Unknown" instead of "Halfdan Unknown" which makes him easier to find. Use the language of the modern day area/country the profile would have belonged to; example Harald Guldtand instead of Harald Goldtooth ("Goldtooth" could go into the nickname field though.) ** A title like [https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Herse Herse] (Norwegian) or [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hersir Hersir] (English) is a chieftain title. ** The title [https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jarl Jarl] (Norwegian) or [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Earl Earl] (English) is a local chief title. * Titles such as "king of Norway” should be placed in the nickname field. Please make sure that the profile is actually king of said country, not just chieftains or petty kings of a smaller area within what is now known as a country. It was not until the 10th century one would say that any of the Nordic countries were ruled by one king. If you are a member of the project and have any questions about naming or what name to use in merges, please ask/discuss in the project's [https://groups.google.com/forum/#!forum/wikitreeearlyscandinavia google group]. If you are not a member of the project, please ask a question in [https://www.wikitree.com/g2g/ask G2G] and be sure to use the tag {{Tag Link|early_scandinavia}}.

This is a temporary profile page for [https://www.wikitree.com/index.php?title=Valdemarsson-5 Valdemar Sejr Valdemarsen] == Biography == === Name(s) === === Parents === === Wife(s) and children === === Death and burial === == Sources == ---- Old content below to start work from;
== Old Biography == Valdemar II (9 May 1170 or 28 June 1170 – 28 March 1241), called Valdemar the Victorious or Valdemar the Conqueror (Valdemar Sejr), was the King of Denmark from 1202 until his death in 1241. The nickname Sejr is a later invention and was not used during the King's own lifetime. Sejr means victory in Danish. Waldemar II, 1170–1241, king of Denmark (1202–41), second son of Waldemar I. In the reign of his brother, Canute VI, he defended Denmark from German aggression and then extended Danish control over Schwerin. After his accession, the king of Norway paid him homage (1204). When his German conquests had been confirmed (1214) by Frederick II, the German king, he undertook a crusade against the Estonians and became master of much of the Baltic region. In 1223 he was treacherously seized by his vassal the count of Schwerin and held prisoner for three years. He was released only after he had been forced to relinquish much of his territory. He then attempted a reconquest, but was defeated (1227) at Bornhöved and spent the remainder of his life in codifying Danish law and in forwarding internal reform. He was succeeded by his son, Eric IV. KING OF DENMARK FROM 1202 TO 1241 AKA VALDEMAR THE GREAT: Valdemar II 'the Victorious' Valdemarsson, King of Denmark1 M, #105463, b. 9 May 1170, d. 28 March 1241 Last Edited=5 May 2007 Valdemar II 'the Victorious' Valdemarsson, King of Denmark was born on 9 May 1170. He was the son of Valdemar I 'the Great' Knutsson, King of Denmark and Sophie of Polotzk.1 He married Ingibiorg von Sachsen, daughter of Heinrich V Herzog von Braunschweig-Lüneburg and Matilda of England, in 1202. He married Margaret of Bohemia, daughter of Premysl Ottokar I, King of Bohemia and Adelheid von Meißen, in 1205. He married Berengaria de Portugal, daughter of Sancho I de Bourgogne, Rei de Portugal and Dulcia de Provence, in 1213. He died on 28 March 1241 at age 70 at Vordingborg. He succeeded to the title of King Valdemar II of Denmark in 1202.2 Child of Valdemar II 'the Victorious' Valdemarsson, King of Denmark and Ingibiorg von Sachsen Niels Valdemarsson, Duke of Halland Child of Valdemar II 'the Victorious' Valdemarsson, King of Denmark and Margaret of Bohemia Valdemar 'the Younger' Valdemarsson, King of Denmark+1 b. 1209, d. 28 Nov 1231 Children of Valdemar II 'the Victorious' Valdemarsson, King of Denmark and Berengaria de Portugal Knut Valdemarsson b. 1211 Erik IV 'Ploughpenny' Valdemarsson, King of Denmark+1 b. 1216, d. 10 Aug 1250 Sophia Valdemarsdottir+ b. 1217, d. 1247 Abel Valdemarsson, King of Denmark+1 b. 1218, d. 29 Jun 1252 Christopher I Valdemarsson, King of Denmark+1 b. c 1219, d. 29 May 1259 Citations [S38] John Morby, Dynasties of the World: a chronological and genealogical handbook (Oxford, Oxfordshire, U.K.: Oxford University Press, 1989), page 149. Hereinafter cited as Dynasties of the World. [S16] Jirí Louda and Michael MacLagan, Lines of Succession: Heraldry of the Royal Families of Europe, 2nd edition (London, U.K.: Little, Brown and Company, 1999), table 16. Hereinafter cited as Lines of Succession. http://www.thepeerage.com/p10547.htm#i105463 --- King Valdemar Sejr 1170-1241 King 1202-41 In 1187 king Knud’s younger brother Valdemar became duke in South Jutland, where the governing until now had been entrusted bishop Valdemar of Slesvig, a mistress-son of Knud Magnussøn. Bitter by having to step behind the intelligent duke, the power-loving bishop formed a treacheraus union with king Sverre of Norway, the king of Sweden, the German emperor, and several North-German princes, who did not like Denmark’s raising power, among those count Adolf of Holsten. The treachery was discovered, and bishop Valdemar flet, but came back with a foreign army. Fast, however, duke Valdemar won, whereafter the bishop was imprisoned at Søborg. Then duke Valdemar first conquered Rensborg, Hamburg (1201), later all of Holsten (1202). Valdemar was acclaimed king and was crowned by archbishop Anders Sunesen in Lund, Christmas day 1202. Emperor Otto 4th issued 1214 a letter, by which he abstained his right to all lands north of Elben and its side-river Elde, which runs south of Mecklenburg. In 1219 Valdemar went to Estonia together with Denmarks army. The raid was regarded as a crusade. At once the Estonians submitted and accepted christening, but three days later (15th June) they attacked the Danish camp, and brought it into great danger, until the king had his warriors gathered together, and after that he won a bloody victory. This raid has given king Valdemar the by-name “Sejr” (Victory). To this battle the legend about the flag falling down from the heaven is tied (Dannebrog). Estonia belonged to Denmark from 1229 - 1346. By the capture of Estonia Valdemar Sejr’s power reached its peak. The connection between the extensive lands, however, was weak, and depended only on the kings personality. Therefore the great kingdom could be dissolved only by removing the king from the country. A dissatisfied vasal, Henrik of Schwerin, who together with the king and his son, had attended a hunt at Lyø, surprised the night thereafter the king and his son in their tent, abducted them to his vessels, and brought them to an un-sizeable castle south of Elben (1223). In Denmark the shrewd assault aroused indignation, but no single man had authority enough to gather the people. King Valdemar Sejr had to compromise to be freed. He had to pay a large amount in ransom, and hand over all lands south of Ejderen and promise not to seek revenge (1225). Valdemar Sejr did not keep his promise and was by the Pope untied from his oath. He crossed together with his army Ejderen, conquered Ditmarsken and forced his way far down into Holsten. Then all the threatened princes united, and gave Valdemar a decisive defeat at Bornhøved (1227). Valdemar from now on had to abandon all conquering plans. He only kept Denmark and Rygen. Estonia he got by clever negotiations back to Denmark. === Marriage === : Husband: [[Valdemarsson-6|Valdemar II Valdemarsson]] : Wife: [[UNKNOWN-77897|Richenza (Maud) UNKNOWN]] : Marriage: 1157 : Husband: [[Knudsen-101|Valdemar I Knudsen]] : Wife: Sofiya Vladimorovna]]::: Sofiya Vladimirovna of Novgorod ca 1141-1198 : Child: Sophie UNKNOWN]] : Child: Knud VI UNKNOWN]] : Child: Valdemar II Valdemarsson]] : Child: Ingeborg UNKNOWN]] : Child: Helene UNKNOWN]] : Child: Richiza (Richza) Valdemarsdatter Queen Sweden]] : Marriage: 1202 other children (some dates doubtful) ::: Aviopuoliso(t) ::: Puoliso vuonna 1213 Berengaria of Portugal ca 1194-1221, ::: Erik IV Plovpenning of Denmark 1216-1250 ::: Christoffer I of Denmark 1219-1259 == Sources == See also: * [http://www.danishnet.com/info.php/history/danish-monarchy-37.html Royal Danish Ancestry] * http://www.hull.ac.uk/php/cssbct/cgi-bin/gedidex.php/n=royal?denmark Dead link * http://www.infoplease.com/encyclopedia/people/waldemar-ii.html#ixzz2XYeYb5RY * http://www.infoplease.com/encyclopedia/people/waldemar-ii.html#ixzz2XSZUTQIV * http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valdemar_II_of_Denmark * http://www.danmarkskonger.dk/king21.htm == Acknowledgments == * WikiTree profile UNKNOWN-125430 created through the import of Helene.ged on Oct 31, 2011 by [[Teppan-1 | Helene Ring Teppan]]. *Thanks to [[Vad-11|Lars Vad]] for starting this profile. * WikiTree profile UNKNOWN-82991 created through the import of heinakuu2011-6.ged on Jul 5, 2011 by [[Amnelin-1 | Johanna Amnelin]]. * WikiTree profile King of Denmark-8 created through the import of 3ye218_5976683n2a1j4e2q7epdbc.ged on Sep 25, 2011 by [[Westerlund-4 | Timo Westerlund]]. *Thanks to [[Petersen-214|Sheri Sturm]] for starting this profile. Click the Changes tab for the details of contributions by Sheri and others. *This person was created through the import of McQuery Family Tree.ged on 20 May 2011. * WikiTree profile Valdemarsson-6 created through the import of FAMILY 6162011.GED on Jun 20, 2011 by [[Stephenson-407 | Michael Stephenson]]. * WikiTree profile Valdemar-4 created through the import of O'Bryan Family tree.ged on Sep 6, 2011 by [[Tropeck-1 | Tim Tropeck]].

[[Category: Scotland Project Managed FSPs]] [[Category:Scandinavian Rulers, Viking Age]] [[Category:Kingdom of the Isles]] [[Category: Isle of Man, Nobility]] [[Category:Crovan Dynasty]] {{Profile-box|For profiles, see [[:Category:Kingdom of the Isles|the category]]}} Part of [[:Project:Early_Scandinavia|Early Scandinavia Project]], [[:Project: Norway|Norway Project]] and [[:Project: Scotland|Scotland Project]] The Kingdom of the Isles was a semi-autonomous state under the suzerainty of Norway from the 9th to the 13th Century. It varied in size from time to time as land was won and lost and the title varied depending on the land held. It is unlikely to have been known as a Kingdom until the Norse Crown lost control of the "Kingdom" in the 12th Century. McDonaldMcDonald, R. Andrew (2007) Manx Kingship in its Irish Sea setting, 1187—1229: King Rognavaldr and the Crovan dynasty. Dublin. Four Courts Press. ISBN 978-1-84682-047-2. Page 42. states of Raghnall mac Gofraidh: "Some of his successors were grandly styled Rex Manniae et Insularum, 'King of Man and the Isles' ", implying the title had not been used prior to that time, i.e. the early 13th century and there is no apparent record of such in early Norse Sagas. Rather it seems more likely that the "Kingdom" comprised two, or more, parts, each held by a Jarl. Two appear consistently; as the Suðreyjar, or "Southern Isles", which was run, varyingly , from Mann, Dublin or possibly Islay, and as distinct from Norðreyjar or "Northern Isles" of Orkney, Shetland, the Outer Hebrides and Skye, run out of the Orkneys. There are records in both the Orkney Saga and the Chronicles of Man and the Isles of Jarl's noted in the Hebrides, both inner ad outer, and Viking (Raider) Lords being autonomous and operating throughout the region from time to time. The Kingdom comprised of the Norse holdings of the Orkney, Shetland, Hebrides, Skye, parts of Argyll, islands of the Clyde, Isle of Mann, parts of Ireland, Wales and England from time to time. However, certainly by the 12th Century, Orkney and Shetland were held directly to the Crown in Norway. The historical record is incomplete, and the kingdom was not a continuous entity throughout the entire period. The islands involved have a total land area of over 8,300 square kilometres (3,205 sq mi) and extend for more than 500 kilometres (310 mi) from north to south. The history of the Kingdom is recorded in many of the "Sagas" and, particularly the Suðreyjar, at least in regards to the Crovan Dynasty is concerned, is recorded in Chronica Regum Manniæ et Insularum (Chronicles of the Kings of Mann and the Isles). The Norðreyjar, certainly that relating to Orkney and Shetland, is recorded in the Orkneyinga saga, a Norse saga written around 1230 by an unknown Icelandic author. The Norse Kingdom of the Isles is generally regarded as having ended with the marriage between [[Olafsdatter-5|Ragnhilda Olafsdottir]] and [[Macgillebride-1|Somerled]] with the consequent split of the kingdom between his sons and separation from Norway. The Kingdom finally ended as a result of the Treaty of Perth in 1266 with much of the territory becoming part of the Kingdom of Scotland and the remainder held as an Earldom to Norway. Orkney and other parts of Norðreyjar remained with Norway until the 15th Century. ===Rulers of the Kingdom=== ====9th and early 10th centuries==== {|class="wikitable" width="100%" style="border:1px solid #BBB" | align="center" colspan="4"| '''Kings of Mann and the Isles''' |- !Name !Period !Title !Notes |- | style="border:1px solid #BBB" colspan="4" | |- | style="border:1px solid #BBB" align="center"| Thórir | style="border:1px solid #BBB" align="center"| d: 848 | style="border:1px solid #BBB" align="center"| | style="border:1px solid #BBB" align="center"| |- | style="border:1px solid #BBB" align="center"|'''Gofraid mac Fergusa''' | style="border:1px solid #BBB" align="center"| d: 853 | style="border:1px solid #BBB" align="center"| | style="border:1px solid #BBB" align="center"| |- | style="border:1px solid #BBB" align="center"|'''[[Godfrey-676|Gofraidh]] of Lochlann''' | style="border:1px solid #BBB" align="center"| | style="border:1px solid #BBB" align="center"| | style="border:1px solid #BBB" align="center"| |- | style="border:1px solid #BBB" align="center"|'''[[Unknown-462562|Ímar]]''' | style="border:1px solid #BBB" align="center"| | style="border:1px solid #BBB" align="center"| | style="border:1px solid #BBB" align="center"| |- | style="border:1px solid #BBB" align="center"|'''[[Dublin-16|Amlaíb Conung]]''' | style="border:1px solid #BBB" align="center"|d: 874 | style="border:1px solid #BBB" align="center"| | style="border:1px solid #BBB" align="center"| |- | style="border:1px solid #BBB" align="center"|'''[[Bjørnsson-230|Ketill Flatnose]]''' | style="border:1px solid #BBB" align="center"| d: 880 | style="border:1px solid #BBB" align="center"| | style="border:1px solid #BBB" align="center"| |- | style="border:1px solid #BBB" align="center"|'''Ragnall ua Ímair''' | style="border:1px solid #BBB" align="center"| d: 920-21 | style="border:1px solid #BBB" align="center"| ruled Mann | style="border:1px solid #BBB" align="center"| |- | style="border:1px solid #BBB" align="center"|'''[[Ivarsson-24|Sitric Cáech]]''' | style="border:1px solid #BBB" align="center"| d: 927 | style="border:1px solid #BBB" align="center"| | style="border:1px solid #BBB" align="center"| |- | style="border:1px solid #BBB" align="center"|'''Gofraid ua Ímair''' | style="border:1px solid #BBB" align="center"| d: 949 | style="border:1px solid #BBB" align="center"| | style="border:1px solid #BBB" align="center"| |- | style="border:1px solid #BBB" align="center"|'''Amlaíb mac Gofraid''' | style="border:1px solid #BBB" align="center"| d: 941 | style="border:1px solid #BBB" align="center"| | style="border:1px solid #BBB" align="center"| |- | style="border:1px solid #BBB" align="center"|'''[[Sitricsson-3|Amlaíb Cuarán]]''' | style="border:1px solid #BBB" align="center"| ruled 941-980 | style="border:1px solid #BBB" align="center"| | style="border:1px solid #BBB" align="center"| |- |} ====Late 10th and 11th centuries==== {|class="wikitable" width="100%" style="border:1px solid #BBB" | align="center" colspan="4"| '''Kings of Mann and the Isles''' |- !Name !Period !Title !Notes |- | style="border:1px solid #BBB" colspan="4" | |- | style="border:1px solid #BBB" align="center"|''' Maccus mac Arailt''' | style="border:1px solid #BBB" align="center"| ruled 980 - | style="border:1px solid #BBB" align="center"| | style="border:1px solid #BBB" align="center"| |- | style="border:1px solid #BBB" align="center"|'''[[Haraldsson-213|Gofraid mac Arailt]] ''' | style="border:1px solid #BBB" align="center"| ruled -989 | style="border:1px solid #BBB" align="center"| | style="border:1px solid #BBB" align="center"| |- | style="border:1px solid #BBB" align="center"|'''Gilli''' | style="border:1px solid #BBB" align="center"| ruled 990 - | style="border:1px solid #BBB" align="center"| | style="border:1px solid #BBB" align="center"| |- | style="border:1px solid #BBB" align="center"|'''[[Man-150|Ragnall mac Gofraid]]''' | style="border:1px solid #BBB" align="center"| d: 1005 | style="border:1px solid #BBB" align="center"| | style="border:1px solid #BBB" align="center"| |- | style="border:1px solid #BBB" align="center"|'''[[Dublin-16|Amlaíb Conung]]''' | style="border:1px solid #BBB" align="center"|d: 874 | style="border:1px solid #BBB" align="center"| | style="border:1px solid #BBB" align="center"| |- | style="border:1px solid #BBB" align="center"|'''[[Haraldsson-4|Gudrød Kvithand?Crovan]]''' | style="border:1px solid #BBB" align="center"| d: 1095 | style="border:1px solid #BBB" align="center"| | style="border:1px solid #BBB" align="center"| |- |} ====Late 11th to 13th centuries==== {|class="wikitable" width="100%" style="border:1px solid #BBB" | align="center" colspan="4"| '''Kings of Mann and the Isles''' |- !Name !Period !Title !Notes |- | style="border:1px solid #BBB" colspan="4" | |- | style="border:1px solid #BBB" align="center"| '''Magnus Olafsson''' | style="border:1px solid #BBB" align="center"| 1098–1102 | style="border:1px solid #BBB" align="center"| King of Norway | style="border:1px solid #BBB" align="center"|Direct rule by Norway |- | style="border:1px solid #BBB" align="center"|'''[[Magnusson-175|Sigurd Magnusson]]''' (The Crusader) | style="border:1px solid #BBB" align="center"| 1102–1103 | style="border:1px solid #BBB" align="center"| King of Norway | style="border:1px solid #BBB" align="center"|Direct rule by Norway |- | style="border:1px solid #BBB" align="center"|'''[[Godrodsson-2|Lǫgmaðr Guðrøðarson]]''' | style="border:1px solid #BBB" align="center"| 1103–1110 | style="border:1px solid #BBB" align="center"| Doesn't appear with title | style="border:1px solid #BBB" align="center"|Eldest son of [[Haraldsson-4|Godred Crovan]] |- | style="border:1px solid #BBB" align="center"|'''Domnall mac Taidc Uí Briain''' | style="border:1px solid #BBB" align="center"| 1111/1112 | style="border:1px solid #BBB" align="center"|Regent during the minority of Óláfr Guðrøðarson | style="border:1px solid #BBB" align="center"|Nephew of Muirchertach Ua Briain. Expelled by the Islesmen. |- | style="border:1px solid #BBB" align="center"|'''[[Godredsson-7|Óláfr Guðrøðarson]]''' | style="border:1px solid #BBB" align="center"|1112-1153 | style="border:1px solid #BBB" align="center"| King of Mann and Isles | style="border:1px solid #BBB" align="center"|Son of [[Haraldsson-4|Godred Crovan]] |- | style="border:1px solid #BBB" align="center"|'''[[Olafsson-29|Guðrøðr Óláfsson]]''' | style="border:1px solid #BBB" align="center"| 1154-1156 | style="border:1px solid #BBB" align="center"| King of Mann and the Isles | style="border:1px solid #BBB" align="center"|Son of [[Godredsson-7|Óláfr Guðrøðarson]] |- | style="border:1px solid #BBB" align="center"|'''[[Macgillebride-1|Somerled's]] sons & Guðrøðr Óláfsson''' | style="border:1px solid #BBB" align="center"| 1156-1158 | style="border:1px solid #BBB" align="center"| Kingdom split | style="border:1px solid #BBB" align="center"| |- | style="border:1px solid #BBB" align="center"|'''[[Macgillebride-1|Somerled]]''' | style="border:1px solid #BBB" align="center"| 1158–1164 | style="border:1px solid #BBB" align="center"| Lord of Argyll | style="border:1px solid #BBB" align="center"|Son-in-law to [[Godredsson-7|Óláfr Guðrøðarson]] |- |} '''Óláfr Guðrøðarson''' was a popular king and the Kingdom was at relative peace during his reign. Brought up, like David I of Scotland, by Henry I of England, he was strongly influenced by the English court, introducing many popular reforms. Latin became the language of court during his reign. He was murdered by his nephews, in 1153, while his eldest son, Guðrøðr Óláfsson, was in Norway giving allegiance to the Norwegian court. The resulting retribution was fierce, even for the day, giving Guðrøðr Óláfsson the nickname "the Black". Guðrøðr Óláfsson, also known (in Gaelic) as Gofhraidh mac Amhlaíbh, faced a dynastic challenge, one which he lost, from his brother-in-law, [[Macgillebride-1|Somairle mac Gilla Brigte]], Lord of Argyll, whose son, as a grandson of Óláfr, possessed a claim to the throne. Late in 1156, Guðrøðr and Somaile fought an inconclusive sea-battle and partitioned the kingdom of the Isles between them and, in 1158, Somairle defeated Guðrøðr, forcing him to exile. Guðrøðr appears in the kingdoms of England and Scotland before returning to Norway. In 1160/1, he distinguished himself in the Norwegian civil wars and was at the final downfall of Ingi at the Battle of Oslo. Guðrøðr made his return to the Isles in 1164, in the aftermath of Somairle's defeat and death at the hands of the Scots at the Battle of Renfrew. However, although he regained the kingship itself, the territories ceded to Somairle in 1156 were retained by the latter's descendants. ====Kings of Mann and the North Isles (from 1163)==== ====Kings of the South Isles (from 1163)==== ===Sources=== * [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kingdom_of_the_Isles wikipedia - Kingdom of the Isles] * [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rulers_of_the_Kingdom_of_the_Isles Rulers of the Kingdom of the Isles] * [http://www.isle-of-man.com/manxnotebook/manxsoc/msvol22/ Chronicles of the Kings of Mann and the Isles]

[[Category: Early Scandinavia Project, Free Space Profiles]] === Sources === [http://fmg.ac/Projects/MedLands/CONTENTS.htm MedLands] This is one of the sources sometimes already in place on a profile. If you find it, please check the link so it takes you to the correct place and concerns the right person (and that it is actually working). [http://heimskringla.no/wiki/Main_Page Heimskringla] An online collection of Old Norse source material. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gesta_Danorum Gesta Danorum] written by [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saxo_Grammaticus Saxo Grammaticus] who lived about 1160 – c. 1220. Can be found online at [http://wayback-01.kb.dk/wayback/20101103160549/http://www2.kb.dk/elib/lit/dan/saxo/lat/or.dsr/ Det Kongelige Bibliotek - Saxo Grammaticus: Gesta Danorum] [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Encomium_Emmae_Reginae Encomium Emmae Reginae] or Gesta Cnutonis Regis is an 11th-century Latin encomium in honour of Queen Emma of Normandy, consort of Kings Æthelred the Unready and Cnut the Great of England, and mother of kings Harthacnut and Edward the Confessor. It was written in 1041 or 1042, probably by a monk of Saint-Omer. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gesta_Hammaburgensis_ecclesiae_pontificum Gesta Hammaburgensis ecclesiae pontificum] [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chronicon_Roskildense Chronicon Roskildense] [https://celt.ucc.ie// Celt : Corpus of Electronic Texts] gives access to the Irish Annuls etc. [https://classesv2.yale.edu/access/content/user/haw6/Vikings/AS%20Chronicle%20Peterborough%20MS.html Anglo-Saxon Chronicle: Peterborough manuscript] [https://classesv2.yale.edu/access/content/user/haw6/Vikings/AS%20Chronicle%20Canterbury%20MS.html Viking Sources in Translation : Anglo-Saxon Chronicle: Canterbury manuscript] [https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Translation:%C3%8Dslendingab%C3%B3k Wikisource : Íslendingabók], a 12th century history of the foundation of Iceland by Ari Þorgilsson, translated from Icelandic into English by [https://archive.org/details/orkneyingasaga00goudgoog/page/n10 The Orkneyinga Saga] translated from Icelandic by Jon A. Hjaltalin & Gilbert Goudie - ed. with notes & intro. by Joseph Anderson pub: Edinburgh, Edmonston & Douglas 1873 === Other interesting resources === * http://www.genealogi.no/publikasjoner/kings-vikings/#1/z * https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isl%C3%A4nningasagor '''Videos''' * [https://youtu.be/SKLSsA_FIeM Video showing how the borders looked like from Early Scandinavia until modern times.] * [https://youtu.be/mqZyjX-aZ7Y Video showing the history of Denmark.] * [https://youtu.be/wQQjBkiA_Wk Video showing the history of Norway.] * [https://youtu.be/IvcN0saJoIM Video showing the history of Sweden.] '''Wikipedia''' * [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_legendary_kings_of_Sweden List of legendary kings of Sweden] / [https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Svenska_sagokungar Svenska sagokungar] * [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yngling "House of" Yngling] / [https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ynglinga%C3%A4tten Ynglingaätten]